abstract: AIM: This article discusses the clinical implications of adverse health outcomes derived during heatwaves for @entity1 with @entity146 , substance misuse and those taking prescribed medications such as @entity1091 , various neuroleptic and anticholinergic drugs. BACKGROUND: With climate change it is predicted that the incidence of prolonged periods of extreme heat will increase. Specific adverse health outcomes associated with high environmental temperatures include @entity64 and heat exhaustion. Those at increased risk for heat-related mortality are those with chronic health conditions, including those with @entity146 and substance misuse. DATA SOURCES: Sources of evidence included and 'grey' literature published between 1985 and 2010, such as key texts, empirical research, public policies, training manuals and community information sheets on heat waves. DISCUSSION: Current clinical practice and clinical impact of heatwaves on those @entity1 with comorbidity is explored. This includes the physiological components of heat stress, heat regulation, and the impact of @entity167 and other drugs; and, ramifications and professional practice issues for those with mental health conditions and those requiring mental health medications. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Client education covering modification of the environment and the use of client heat safety action plans. Secure, accessible stores of prescribed medication are recommended and emergency substance withdrawal kits could be made available. CONCLUSION: All nurses have a responsibility to increase the capability and resilience of their clients to manage their chronic health needs during a heatwave. At these times nurses need to give extra monitoring and assistance when clients lack the capacity or resources to protect themselves.

title: Heatwaves and their impact on @entity1 with XXXX , drug and mental health conditions: a discussion paper on clinical practice considerations.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of @entity6100 ( @entity6100 ) for noncompliance with treatment in @entity1 with @entity378 ( @entity378 ) in Pontevedra. METHODS: We performed a descriptive analysis of @entity1 with @entity378 and @entity6100 diagnosed between 1996 and 2002. A @entity1 was considered as having @entity6100 if he or she was socially isolated ( @entity988 , intravenous drug use, prison inmate, @entity6100 ) or was an immigrant. The prevalence, annual trend of @entity6100 and @entity1 outcomes were calculated. The influence of direct observation of treatment administration on the outcome of @entity1 with @entity6100 was also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 775 @entity1 with @entity378 , 156 (20.1%) had at least one @entity6100 . Eighty-six @entity1 were alcoholic, 41 were intravenous drug users, 24 were immigrants, 11 were homeless, 11 showed @entity6100 and 10 were prison inmates. The presence of @entity6100 among @entity378 @entity1 showed no tendency to increase or decrease during the study period, except for the increasing number of immigrants (chi 2 for lineal tendency = 12.24; p = 0.005). Final outcomes were significantly better in @entity1 without @entity6100 (90.4 vs 70.8% of satisfactory final outcomes; p < 0.001). Direct observation of treatment did not increase satisfactory outcomes in @entity1 with @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity378 and @entity6100 have a significantly higher proportion of unsatisfactory final outcomes. The presence of @entity6100 is relatively low in our environment. The number of immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of @entity378 shows an incipient tendency to increase. This finding should be taken into account to achieve better control of the disease.

title: [Social risk factors for noncompliance with XXXX treatment in Pontevedra [Spain]].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['homelessness or social maladjustment', 'SRF', 'social risk factors', 'social maladjustment']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: It is well established that @entity172 are potent stimulators of @entity3695 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity53 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity12180 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity12180 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity4089 ( @entity4089 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity35 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity5 or E2 implants, and @entity12180 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity12180 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity35 with pure @entity4089 , a 6-fold increase in @entity12180 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity35 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity12180 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity35 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity12180 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity62673 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity35 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity53 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity3695 gene expression in the @entity35 anterior pituitary independently of plasma XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['HPRL', 'hyperprolactinemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: @entity146 are serious consequences of moderate to severe @entity131 ( @entity131 ) and have a negative impact on outcome. There may be two types: neurobehavioral problems, manifesting as inadequate social behavior resulting from prefrontal system damage, and affective @entity146 , resulting from emotional distress as a reaction to the @entity1545 . In the present study we investigated whether these two types of @entity146 , as indicated by proxies, could be distinguished in a group of chronic @entity131 @entity1 and whether early indicators of prefrontal damage on imaging could predict long-term neurobehavioral problems. Computed tomography (CT) imaging data on admission were used to identify frontal lesions. Three hundred twenty-three moderate to severe @entity131 survivors received 2 to 16 years post-trauma an aftercare survey with seven questions asking for changes in behavior and affect, presented both to @entity1 and their proxies. One hundred eighty-six @entity1 (59%) answered the behavioral questions; 42% had frontal lesions on CT. Ordinal common factor analysis on proxy scores yielded two factors, with behavior and affective items clearly separated and the anger item mediocre related to both factors. Three scales were created: Behavior, Affective and Anger. Frontal @entity1 scored significantly higher on the Behavior and Anger scales. Logistic regression analysis showed a fourfold increase of long-term neurobehavioral problems in @entity1 with frontal lesions. Long-term neurobehavioral problems were significantly correlated to one-year outcome and return to work in the long term. We conclude that in @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity131 neurobehavioral and affective problems can be distinguished. Early @entity2122 predict long-term neurobehavioral problems, but not affective problems.

title: Early Computed Tomography Frontal Abnormalities Predict Long-Term Neurobehavioral Problems But Not Affective Problems after Moderate to Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['CT frontal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral problems', 'Behavioral problems']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that a significant number of @entity1 receive less than optimal management of procedure-related @entity158 . OBJECTIVES: To determine if there was a difference in the perceived @entity158 associated with a venipuncture procedure in a group of pediatric @entity1 based on the preparatory intervention used during the procedure and, to determine if age, sex, or ethnic group were associated with the effectiveness of the preparatory interventions used. DESIGN: A quasi-experimental, 3*4 factorial design was used. SETTING: @entity1 were recruited from a non-profit, regional hospital in the southeast United States. @entity1 : @entity1 were recruited from @entity1 between the ages of 18 months and 17 years who were admitted to the facility. Criteria for inclusion was the first needle stick during admission with a parent or guardian present, English as the primary language. Potential @entity1 were excluded if they had previous experience with any of the preparatory interventions, were sedated, unconscious, hemodynamically unstable, developmentally delayed for their age, or had a known chronic condition. Of the 285 @entity1 consented to participate, 173 @entity1 completed the process including 35 (20.2%) toddlers, 34(19.7%) preschool and 65 (37.6%) school age @entity1 , and 39 (22.5%) adolescents. There were 77 (44.5%) females and 96 (55.5%) males; and 101 (58.4%) non-Hispanic white @entity1 and 72 (41.6%) minority @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to one of three treatment interventions. There was a purposeful effort to include representative numbers of each age group, ethnic group, and sex and in each treatment group. Measures of @entity158 before and after the procedure included an observational measure completed by the parent/guardian and a self-report measure completed by the two older age groups. FINDINGS: There were no statistically significant differences among treatment groups based on the observational measures of @entity158 or the self-report measures of @entity158 . There was a statistically significant interaction between ethnic group and treatment group (p=0.006) based on the observational measure of @entity158 which was also found between ethnic group and treatment group (p=.04) based on self-report scores in school age @entity1 and adolescents. CONCLUSION: Findings support the use of both mechanical vibration and topical anesthetic as effective in @entity1 regardless of age group or sex. Further, the interaction between ethnic group and treatment contributes to a growing body of knowledge that suggests ethnic group is an important factor in the @entity158 response and requires further study in an effort to better customize approaches to @entity158 management in @entity1 .

title: Mitigating procedural XXXX during venipuncture in a pediatric population: A randomized factorial study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity28 , @entity5 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity5 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity353 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity353 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity353 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity353 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity353 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity353 and whether the timing of @entity353 is important.

title: @entity0 in a prospective cohort of overweight and XXXX US @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'weight loss and postmenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incidence of @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) is increasing due to increase in @entity1 life expectancy and prevalence of @entity170 . Vertebroplasty had been traditional treatment for @entity158 , but it neither attempts to restore vertebral body height nor eliminates @entity85 and is associated with a high rate of cement leakage. Balloon kyphoplasty involves introduction of inflatable balloon into the fractured body of vertebra for elevation of the end-plates prior to fixation of the @entity174 with bone cement. This study evaluates short term functional and radiological outcomes of balloon kyphoplasty. The secondary aim is to explore short-term complications of the procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 199 kyphoplasty procedures in 135 @entity1 from March 2009 to March 2012 were evaluated with short form-36 (SF-36) score, visual analogue scale (VAS), detailed neurological and radiological evaluations. The mean followup was 18 months (range 12-20 months). Statistical analysis including paired sample t-test was done with statistical package for social sciences. RESULTS: Statistically significant improvements in SF-36 (from 34.29 to 48.53, an improvement of 14.24, standard deviation (SD) - 20.08 P < 0.0001), VAS (drop of 4.49, from 6.74 to 2.24, SD - 1.44, P < 0.0001), percentage restoration of lost vertebral height (from 30.62% to 16.19%, improvement of 14.43%, SD - 15.37, P < 0.0001) and kyphotic angle correction (from 17.41   to 10.59  , improvement of 6.82, SD - 7.26  , P < 0.0001) were noted postoperatively. Six @entity1 had @entity887 , 65 had cement leak and three had adjacent level @entity174 which required repeat kyphoplasty later. One @entity1 with history of @entity741 had @entity1167 during the procedure. No @entity1 had @entity16 in the followup period. CONCLUSIONS: Kyphoplasty is a safe and effective treatment for @entity3814 . It improves physical function, reduces @entity158 and corrects @entity85 .

title: Outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['VCFs', 'vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['cement embolism']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity', 'spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty in vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of @entity2888 resistance in @entity3064 . METHODS: WHONET-5 software was used to analyze the trend of @entity2893 resistance in @entity3064 collected from 1999 to 2001 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Analytical isoelectric focusing was used to measure the pI of the beta-lactamase. Conjugation experiment was used to study the transfer of @entity2893 resistance and plasmid DNA was extracted and purified with Qiagen Plasmid Mini Kit. The homology of the isolates was determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Integrase genes and blaIMP-, blaVIM-, blaOXA- genes for resistant isolates were amplified and sequenced. RESULTS: @entity2892 resistance in A. baumannii was ranged from 1.8%-8.5%, but only 9 resistant isolates were viable. They were co-resistant to other @entity2888 , @entity5505 , @entity5646 , and @entity801 , and four isolates were resistant to @entity2177 . Impipenem resistance could not be transferred to susceptible strains. No plasmid was extracted. Each isolate produced TEM-1, AmpC, and two enzymes (pI 6.7, 6.0), which can not be inhibited by @entity5152 and @entity798 . Each isolate had class I intergase gene. Nine isolates were all negative for PCR of blaIMP- and blaVIM- genes, but positive for blaOXA-23 specific PCR. Sequencing found 100% homology with blaOXA-23. PFGE found 3 clones (A type: 5 isolates; B type: 3 isolates; C type: 1 isolate). Control isolates ( @entity2892 -susceptible, but @entity5505 , @entity2177 , and @entity801 resistant) were also A clone. CONCLUSIONS: Production of OXA-23 carbapenemase in A. baumannii was one of the main mechanisms of @entity2888 resistance at our hospital. It brings concern that @entity2892 -resistant clone has evoluted from nosocomial multiple-resistant strains.

title: [Mechanism of @entity2888 resistance in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipenem', 'imipenem']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5152 :: ('MESH:D003023', 'Chemical') :: ['cloxacillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity3064 :: ('470', 'Species') :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity5646 :: ('MESH:D001398', 'Chemical') :: ['aztreonam']

answer: @entity3064 :: (470,Species) :: ['Acinetobacter baumannii']


abstract: To characterise the prevalence of b-lactamases and @entity72781 genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance (PMQR) determinants in China, 59 non-duplicate @entity3274 isolates harbouring at least one PMQR gene were screened for common b-lactamases and 16S rRNA methylases genes. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was analysed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Most of PMQR gene-positive isolates carried no substitutions within the @entity1536 resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) or single point mutation in GyrA or ParC. Over one-half (52.5%) of the isolates exhibited decreased susceptibility to @entity2177 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)=0.5-2  g/mL] or low-level resistance to @entity2177 (MIC=4-8  g/mL). qnr, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qepA were positive in 52 (88.1%), 16 (27.1%) and 3 (5.1%) isolates, respectively. The identified genes for b-lactamases were distributed as follows: bla(TEM), 50.8%; bla(SHV), 91.5%; bla(CTX-M), 55.9%; bla( @entity4601 ), 59.3%; and bla( @entity39611 ), 22.1%. armA and rmtB were detected in 16.9% and 3.4% of isolates, respectively. All qnrB were detected in @entity4601 -producing @entity3274 . Approximately 81.3%, 68.8% and 43.8% of aac(6')-Ib-cr carrying isolates produced @entity39611 , @entity4601 and ArmA, respectively. In conclusion, owing to few QRDR substitutions, most of the PMQR gene-carrying @entity3274 isolates exhibited low-level resistance to @entity2887 . qnr appears to be the predominant PMQR gene and it presented a significant correlation with bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M) and bla( @entity4601 ), whereas aac(6')-Ib-cr exhibited a close relationship with bla( @entity39611 ), bla( @entity4601 ) and armA. qepA was rarely detected in this study.

title: Prevalence of b-lactamases and XXXX genes amongst clinical @entity3274 isolates carrying plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance determinants.

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae', 'Klebsiella pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity72781 :: (15407945,Gene) :: ['16S rRNA methylase']


abstract: Platelets play a crucial role in @entity715 , @entity32 , immunity and @entity731 . Antiplatelet agents are widely used in @entity1 with @entity1187 and other @entity65 . @entity117 and @entity1397 are the most commonly prescribed antiplatelet agents, with a relatively safe profile and efficiency in a variety of clinical conditions. Numerous prospective studies have revealed variability of antiplatelet efficacy. The so called "antiplatelet resistance" prompted a search for mechanisms implicated in poor responsiveness to @entity117 and @entity1397 therapy. In this regard, genetic polymorphisms in the platelet receptor genes attracted considerable interest. Specific genetic variants in platelet receptors such as the @entity3075 , glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, @entity14315 /IIa, GPIb/IX/V and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of genes are associated with variable response to antiplatelet therapy and cardiovascular events. Genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes that comprehensively capture the genetic information encoded within the platelet receptor genes can, to some extent, predict response to the antiplatelet drug better than any single genotype. Genotyping for multiple receptor variants in patients on antiplatelet therapy, complemented by standardized quantification of platelet function, can provide useful information for future drug design studies and possibly for personalized antiplatelet therapy and prevention of @entity715 events. Additional information is, however, needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of complex genetic and platelet function testing.

title: Platelet function and antiplatelet therapy in XXXX : implications of genetic polymorphisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherogenesis']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin', 'aspirin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disorders']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of @entity1140 , a new potent immunosuppressant, has been conducted in 49 @entity1 with GVHD after allogeneic BMT. Eighteen @entity1 with acute GVHD and 31 with chronic GVHD entered the study. @entity1140 was administered at an initial dose of 0.05 mg/kg i.v. or 0.15 mg/kg orally twice a day to those whose GVHD had become uncontrollable with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. The response to @entity1140 was evaluated in 13 @entity1 with acute and 26 with chronic GVHD. A marked response was observed in 5 and a good response in 2 of 13 @entity1 with acute GVHD. For those with chronic GVHD, the response was marked in 2 @entity1 , good in 10 and poor in 8. The most common adverse effects were @entity8 (53.1%), followed by @entity390 and @entity391 (30.6%) and a feeding of warmth (18.4%). There was a correlation between @entity8 and whole blood levels of @entity1140 . The dose should be adjusted to keep a trough level between 15 and 25 ng/ml. @entity1140 is promising in the treatment of both @entity4432 , even if it is intractable with other immunosuppressants, and may be most effective if administered early in the course of GVHD.

title: @entity1140 treatment of graft-versus-host disease developing or exacerbating during prophylaxis and therapy with @entity205 and/or other immunosuppressants. Japanese XXXX BMT Study Group.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic GVHD']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['FK506']


abstract: Gap junction (GJ) coupling between neocortical GABAergic interneurons plays a critical role in the synchronization of activity in cortical networks in physiological and pathophysiological states, e.g., @entity410 . Past studies have shown that GJ blockers exert anticonvulsant actions in both in vivo and in vitro models of @entity302 . However, the precise mechanisms underlying these antiepileptic effects have not been fully elucidated. This is due, in part, to a lack of information of the influence of GJ blockade on network activity in the absence of convulsant agents or enhanced neuronal excitation. One key question is whether GJ blockers act on excitatory or inhibitory systems, or both. To address this issue, we examined the effects of the GJ blocker @entity8743 (CarbX, 150 microM) on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) and excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in acute slices of @entity35 somatosensory cortex. Results showed that CarbX decreased the amplitude and frequency of sIPSCs by 30.2% and 25.7%, respectively. CarbX increased the mean frequency of sEPSCs by 24.1%, but had no effect on sEPSC amplitude. During blockade of GABAA-mediated events with picrotoxin (20 microM), CarbX induced only a small increase in sEPSC frequency that was not statistically different from control, indicating CarbX enhancement of sEPECs was secondary to the @entity308 of synaptic inhibition. These findings suggest that in neocortex, blockade of GJs leads to an increase in spontaneous excitation by uncoupling GABAergic interneurons, and that electronic communication between inhibitory cells plays a significant role in regulating tonic synaptic excitation.

title: XXXX modifies spontaneous inhibitory and excitatory synaptic transmission in @entity35 somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity8743 :: ('MESH:D002229', 'Chemical') :: ['carbenoxolone']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity8743 :: (MESH:D002229,Chemical) :: ['Carbenoxolone']


abstract: @entity20929 are expressed in the @entity35 kidney, but the factors that regulate this expression remain unknown. To try to understand what these might be, we have measured the renal levels of @entity20929 mRNAs by the ribonuclease protection-assay technique after a number of clearly defined renal/hemodynamic insults. 1) Six hours after the induction of @entity548 and @entity551 , there was a threefold increase in @entity1827 mRNA and a simultaneous threefold decrease in @entity1826 mRNA. This indicates that, in this situation, these two ET isoforms are differentially controlled and emphasizes the need for assay techniques capable of distinguishing between them. 2) One day after application of a 0.2-mm clip to the left renal artery, there was a > 2.5-fold induction of @entity1827 mRNA in that kidney, which persisted for 10 days. A smaller rise in @entity1827 mRNA was seen in the contralateral organ. After 2 days, @entity1826 mRNA levels were reduced by approximately 50% in the clipped organ. Both @entity3372 (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, 7.5 mg/kg daily) and @entity12584 (a nonselective ET receptor antagonist, 100 mg/kg daily) substantially reduced the elevation in @entity1827 mRNA seen in the clipped kidney after 2 days, suggesting that the generation of @entity1808 and the action of ET itself are involved in the mechanism by which clipping stimulates @entity1827 expression. By contrast, @entity3372 , but not @entity12584 , prevented the reduction in @entity1826 mRNA levels. 3) Renal denervation, dietary salt restriction, or diuretic treatment ( @entity1483 ) did not alter renal expression of @entity1827 or @entity1826 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression of XXXX in the @entity35 kidney.

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic anemia']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity20929 :: (24323;366270,Gene) :: ['endothelins 1 and 3']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines recommended oral anticoagulant (OAC) for @entity385 @entity1 related to @entity955 ( @entity955 ). But, underprescription or underdose of @entity1229 was observed worldwide. We aimed to explore if the use of antithrombotic therapy in nonvalvular @entity955 (NVAF) @entity385 @entity1 improved after novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) became available.Between January 2011 to December 2013, 360 acute @entity385 @entity1 related to NVAF were recruited. @entity1 were categorized into 2 groups based on the date (July 2012) of NOACs' availability. There were 184 @entity1 recruited before July 2012, and whereas 176 @entity1 after July 2012. Demographic data, interested factors, and the percentage of @entity1 on OAC were compared.One month after discharge, percentage of OAC utilization was significantly higher (29% versus 41%; P=0.022) as well as effective anticoagulation (22.2% versus 80.6%; P<0.001); @entity1229 utilization was significantly less (28.3% versus 11%; P<0.001) after NOACs became available. Antiplatelet agent utilization was high in 2 groups (57% versus 52%; P=0.36). Age (odd ratios [OR] 0.947; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.912-0.984; P=0.005), Barthel index (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.000-1.025; P=0.05), and NOACs' availability (OR 1.857; 95% CI 1.086-3.175; P=0.024) were the significant factors affecting the use of OAC.A higher percentage of NVAF @entity385 @entity1 returning for their 1-month follow-up were treated with NOACs than with @entity1229 . The use of antithrombotic therapy improved after NOACs became available. But, the majority of the @entity1 were still received antiplatelet agent for @entity64 prevention.

title: Do NOACs Improve Antithrombotic Therapy in Secondary XXXX Prevention in Nonvalvular @entity955 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['emboli stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: Controversy regarding functional reorganization in the adult brain remains. To investigate whether neuroplasticity is present in adults with @entity2319 , we examined the pattern of cerebral @entity413 metabolism on @entity419 brain PET images of postlingually deaf @entity1 by comparing the auditory cortical activation pattern with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. We also correlated the cerebral @entity413 metabolism in deaf @entity1 with the duration of @entity2319 using statistical parametric mapping. METHODS: In the resting state (eye closed, ears unoccluded in a dark and quiet environment), @entity419 brain PET scans were performed on 9 postlingually deaf @entity1 and 9 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Significant increases and decreases of regional cerebral metabolism in the @entity1 group were estimated by comparing their PET images with those of the healthy volunteers using t statistics at every voxel. To reveal regions in which metabolism was significantly correlated with the duration of @entity2319 , the general linear model with the duration of @entity2319 as a covariate was tested at each voxel. RESULTS: When we compared @entity419 brain PET images of postlingually deaf @entity1 with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects by performing a t test at every voxel, the @entity413 metabolism of deaf @entity1 was significantly (P < 0.001) lower than that of the control subjects in both anterior cingulate gyri (Brodmann area 24 [BA24]) and superior temporal cortices (BA41, BA42) and in the right parahippocampal gyrus. No area showed a significant increase of metabolism in deaf @entity1 with the same threshold. When we correlated @entity413 metabolism of deaf @entity1 with the duration of @entity2319 after total deprivation of hearing capability using a general linear model with the duration of @entity2319 as a covariate at every voxel, metabolism in both anterior cingulate gyri (BA24) and superior temporal cortices (BA41, BA42) showed a significant (P < 0.005) positive correlation with the duration of @entity2319 . CONCLUSION: This study suggests that plasticity is present in adult brains of postlingually deaf @entity1 . In the mature brain, auditory deprivation decreased neuronal activity transiently in primary auditory and auditory-related cortices, and, over time, functional reorganization likely takes place in the auditory cortex. Plasticity was prominent in superior temporal and anterior cingulate gyri in the sensory-deprived mature brain and militated against postimplantation improvement in @entity1 with cochlear implants.

title: PET evidence of neuroplasticity in adult auditory cortex of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'postlingual deafness']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2319 :: (MESH:D003638,Disease) :: ['postlingual deafness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with stage 4 and 4S @entity521 ( @entity521 ) have a superior prognosis to older @entity1 . However, they often require intensive therapy including abdominal radiation. We aimed to investigate the long-term hepatic outcomes in @entity1 with stage 4S and 4 @entity521 . METHODS: We reviewed the charts of 38 @entity1 diagnosed with stage 4S and 4 @entity521 between 1984 and 2002. We included only those with available follow-up 5 years following diagnosis. We assessed hepatic imaging and function (transaminases, @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase) at all available time points from diagnosis. Abnormalities present at more than 5 years from diagnosis were considered persistent late changes. RESULTS: We identified 15 stage 4S and 12 stage 4 @entity1 . Twelve of 15 stage 4S @entity1 had hepatic involvement at diagnosis, 8 of whom required abdominal radiation. Five of eight demonstrated late imaging changes. Two of four with hepatic metastases but no radiation demonstrated late imaging changes. The late imaging changes resolved over time and without intervention in 3/7 survivors. The persistent lesions included liver @entity82 (1) and @entity4383 ( @entity4383 ) (3). Five of 12 stage 4 @entity521 @entity1 had hepatic involvement at diagnosis; none required radiation or had late hepatic imaging changes. CONCLUSIONS: In stage 4S @entity521 , adverse hepatic effects are infrequent, may resolve over time, and occur with or without radiation. @entity4383 should be considered in those with persistent late imaging changes. Adverse hepatic outcomes after liver involvement or radiation in @entity1 with stage 4 @entity521 rarely occur.

title: Long-term hepatic outcomes in survivors of stage 4S and 4 XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['FNH', 'focal nodular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['NB', 'neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: Aim of this study was to determine the causative agent and source of a large @entity1902 outbreak occurred in a national financial center (CBIRI) in July 2003. A @entity1 definition was defined staff were interviewed in the clinic of the Bank and their information were collected by means of a standardized questionnaire. A total of 110 fecal specimens were collected within 48 h of symptom onset from 100 @entity1 with symptoms of @entity1902 and 10 restaurant staff. The specimens were processed within 12 h to detect ova and parasites by direct microscopy and common bacteria by standard methods. The outbreak started on 22 July 2003 lasted 4 days. From a total of 1300 staff. 535 @entity1 experienced a severe @entity344 . None but one of tested fecal samples were positive for bacterial enteric pathogens. @entity10583 B was isolated from the positive case. Definitive association between illness and isolated @entity10583 B remained to be determined since it was isolated only from one case. There is a need, however, for increased awareness among both professionals and the public to implement appropriate prevention measures and monitoring of food and water.

title: An outbreak of XXXX of unknown origin in Tehran, July 2003.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal illness']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of combination therapy consisting of the third-generation plasminogen activator reteplase and the glycoproteins IIb and IIIa platelet receptor antagonist abciximab for thrombolysis in peripheral @entity432 . This two-center experience focused on immediate thrombolytic success, thrombolysis time, complication rate, and 30-day patency rate. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 with @entity432 (age range, 40-96 years; mean age, 69 years) were prospectively enrolled at two centers. Eighteen @entity1 (36%) had native artery @entity715 , and 32 @entity1 (64%) had graft @entity715 . Catheter-directed intraarterial thrombolytic infusion of reteplase (average dose, 0.51 U/hr; range, 0.25-1 U/hr) was combined with IV infusion of abciximab (bolus, 0.25 mg/kg of body weight; 12-hr infusion, 0.125 microg/kg of body weight per minute). Nontherapeutic heparin (100-400 U/hr) was given intraarterially during the thrombolytic infusion. RESULTS: Complete thrombolysis was achieved in 89% of the @entity1 with native @entity432 and 94% of the @entity1 with graft occlusions for an overall rate of 92%. The average thrombolysis time was 20.7 hr (range, 4-41 hr) with a mean reteplase dose of 12.1 U (range, 2-23 U). Major @entity1410 occurred in 12% of the @entity1 , with an average blood transfusion of 3.1 U of packed RBC (range, 1-11 U), and correlated to increased thrombolysis time and dose. No @entity932 occurred. The 30-day primary patency rate was 92%. Two @entity1 (4%) underwent amputation, including one major amputation (2%), within 30 days of thrombolysis. CONCLUSION: The combination of reteplase and abciximab in catheter-directed arterial thrombolysis is feasible and effective. Results of this combination therapy suggest acceptable thrombolysis times and doses with tolerable complication rates. Which @entity1 group might benefit the most from combination therapy and the long-term results of combination therapy still need to be determined.

title: Catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy in peripheral XXXX : combining reteplase and abciximab.

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions', 'artery occlusive disease', 'arterial occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thromboses']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery occlusions']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Interpectoral nodes can be the initial site of recurrent @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Comprehensive breast center, located in a university-based tertiary care center. @entity1 : All @entity1 undergoing operations for @entity0 at our breast center from 1995 to 2002 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 with interpectoral node recurrence as the initial site of recurrent @entity0 were identified. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, 4097 @entity1 underwent surgical management for @entity0 . During this time, 4 @entity1 (0.1%) had recurrence at the interpectoral nodes. Three of the 4 @entity1 were node-negative at the original operation. All lesions were mammographically occult. Preoperative needle biopsy was effective in the confirmation of malignancy. All 4 underwent excision without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence at the interpectoral nodes can be the initial site of surgical failure. These nodes may represent the site of primary drainage in a percentage of @entity1 . The sentinel node identification technique, therefore, should diminish the number of @entity1 affected by recurrence at this site. In @entity1 with a palpable mass in the infraclavicular location, however, a high index of suspicion should be maintained. Workup should include additional breast imaging and needle biopsy prior to operation.

title: Interpectoral nodes as the initial site of recurrence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: A new @entity414 biosensor was constructed using @entity504 (Fc) induced electro-activated uricase ( @entity33345 ) deposited within @entity19588 (Naf) on glassy @entity505 electrode (GCE). Electro-activation of @entity33345 was successfully achieved by cyclic voltammetry through the electrostatic interaction of Fc with Trp residues within the hydrophobic pockets in @entity33345 . The Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc composite was characterised by AFM, FTIR and EDX to ensure proper immobilisation. The interaction of Fc with the enzyme was analysed by Trp fluorescence spectroscopy and the a-helicity of the protein was measured by CD spectropolarimetry. The charge transfer resistance (Rct), calculated from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for the modified sensor was lowered (1.39k   ) and the enzyme efficiency was enhanced by more than two fold as a result of Fc incorporation. Cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and amperometry all demonstrated the excellent response of the Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE biosensor to @entity414 . The sensor system generated a linear response over a range of 500nM to 600 M UA, with a sensitivity and limit of detection of 1.78 A M(-1) and 230nM, respectively. The heterogeneous rate constant (ks) for UA oxidation was much higher for Naf/ @entity33345 /Fc/GCE (1.0*10(-4)cms(-1)) than for @entity7034 / @entity33345 /GCE (8.2*10(-5)cms(-1)). Real samples, i.e. @entity1 blood, were tested for serum UA and the sensor yielded accurate results at a 95% confidence limit.

title: A novel third generation XXXX biosensor using uricase electro-activated with @entity504 on a @entity19588 coated glassy @entity505 electrode.

entities_list: @entity504 :: ('MESH:C004998', 'Chemical') :: ['ferrocene']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity414 :: (MESH:D014527,Chemical) :: ['uric acid']


abstract: We investigated various magnetic resonance MRI parameters for both brain and spinal cord to see if any improved the clinicoradiological correlation in @entity15 . Ninety-one @entity15 @entity1 (28 relapsing-remitting, 32 secondary progressive and 31 primary progressive) were imaged using conventional T1, proton density- and T2-weighted MRI of the brain and spinal cord. Focal brain and spinal cord lesion load was scored, as were @entity66 , brain ventricular volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. Clinical measures included the expanded disability status scale (EDSS), the functional systems score and a dedicated urology complaint questionnaire. Secondary progressive @entity1 differed from relapsing-remitting and primary progressive @entity1 by a larger number of hypointense T1 lesions in the @entity2504 and @entity602 . Primary progressive @entity1 more often had @entity66 in the brain and/or spinal cord than did relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity1 . In the entire study population, EDSS correlated with both brain and spinal cord MRI parameters, which were independent. The urological complaint score correlated only with spinal cord MRI parameters. In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 , the correlation between MRI and clinical parameters was better than in the entire population. In this subgroup EDSS variance could be explained best by T1 @entity75 load, ventricle volume and spinal cord cross-sectional area. In the primary progressive subgroup the clinicoradiological correlation was weak for brain parameters but was present between @entity602 and spinal cord MRI parameters. In conclusion, the different brain and spinal cord MRI parameters currently available revealed considerable heterogeneity between clinical subtypes of @entity15 . In relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive @entity15 both brain and spinal cord MRI may provide a tool for monitoring @entity1 , while in primary progressive @entity15 the clinicoradiological correlation is weak for brain imaging.

title: Brain and @entity602 in XXXX . Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2504 :: ('MESH:D002551', 'Disease') :: ['brain, ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse abnormalities', 'diffuse signal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord atrophy', 'spinal cord symptoms']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: This paper describes a convenient and rapid fluorescence sensor for determination of @entity6453 (PA) based on @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 ( @entity3603 ). The methodology enabled the use of a simple synthesis procedure for water solubilization of @entity9545 @entity3603 via a fast route using @entity2041 as a capping agent within 15 min. The resulting water-soluble @entity3603 exhibit a strong fluorescence emission at 536 nm with high and reproducible photostability. PA is an important class of electron acceptors for @entity3603 . Thus, the fluorescence intensity of the @entity2041 -capped @entity9545 @entity3603 probe could be dramatically quenched by PA due to the electron transfer mechanism. The fluorescence intensity of the @entity9545 @entity3603 system was proportional to PA concentration in the range of 0.025 to 1.5  g mL(-1), with a detection limit of 0.01  g mL(-1). The time of analysis sample, including preparation of @entity3603 and fluorescent measurement for PA, was only 20 min. Most of the potentially coexisting substances did not interfere with the PA-induced quenching effect except @entity8229 . Furthermore, the analytical applicability of the proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing PA in water, @entity579 and cabbage samples, and the recoveries were between 86 and 105% which satisfied the requirement of detection for PA. These results showed that the proposed method was simple in design and fast in operation, and could be used as a sensitive tool for detecting PA in environmental and agricultural samples.

title: Facile Synthesis of XXXX -capped @entity9545 Quantum Dots as a Fluorescence Sensor for Rapid Detection and Quantification of @entity6453 .

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3603 :: ('MESH:C562924', 'Disease') :: ['quantum dots', 'QDs']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical limb lengthening is undertaken to correct pathological @entity851 . Among the possible complications related to this procedure, @entity158 are a cause for both functional and cosmetic concern. Our team has already shown the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of @entity2318 with varying aetiology, so we decided to apply this technique to @entity2318 related to surgical correction of dwarfism. A prospective study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of autologous fat grafting in the treatment of @entity2318 in @entity1 with @entity4218 using durometer measurements and a modified @entity1 and observer scar assessment scale (POSAS), to which was added a parameter to evaluate @entity717 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between January 2009 and September 2012, 36 @entity1 (28 female and 8 male) who presented retractile and painful @entity2318 came to our unit and were treated with autologous fat grafting. Preoperative and postoperative mean durometer measurements were analysed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and POSAS parameters were studied using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant reduction in all durometer measurements (p-value <0.05) and in all but one of the POSAS parameters (p-value <0.05) following treatment with autologous fat grafting. DISCUSSION: Surgical procedures to camouflage @entity2318 on lower limbs are not often used as a first approach and non-surgical treatments often lead to unsatisfactory results. In contrast, our autologous fat grafting technique in the treatment of @entity2318 has been shown to be a valuable option in @entity1 with @entity4218 . CONCLUSION: There was a @entity272 and a clinical improvement of all POSAS parameters in all @entity1 treated. Moreover, the newly introduced POSAS parameter appears to be reliable and we recommend that it is included to give a more complete evaluation of @entity1 perception.

title: Autologous fat graft as treatment of post XXXX surgical correction @entity2318 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['scars', 'post-surgical scars']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['short-limb dwarfism']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful and retractile scars']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of skin hardness']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement impairment']

answer: @entity851 :: (MESH:D006130,Disease) :: ['short stature']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) usually have a @entity296 characterized by @entity82 of the epicardial half of the left ventricle. This @entity296 is difficult to detect by noninvasive techniques. We report a technique that evaluates incremental left ventricular posterior wall thickening and thinning. High-quality left ventricular posterior wall echoes in 24 @entity1 with @entity1555 and 32 controls were recorded at chordal level two times 1 year apart. Endocardial and epicardial echoes and a timing ECG were digitized and analyzed by minicomputer. Left ventricular wall amplitudes were determined at standardized temporal increments during contraction and relaxation. To compare with this left ventricular assessment technique, systolic ejection times, shortening fraction and mean velocity of circumferenial fiber shortening (Vcf) were also computed in the standard way. Mean year-to-year changes were minor. Mean Vcf, the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time and shortening fraction during the first year were statistically similar to those of the controls. Shortening fraction decreased slightly during the second year and became significantly different from the control, but remained within the normal range. Left ventricular wall thickness and cavity size were significantly less in @entity1 with @entity1555 than in controls. Therefore, we had to normalize incremental wall thickness to determine if any significant difference occurred. To do this, we evaluated the percentage of maximal wall thickness which occurred at a given percent of systole and diastole. Using this technique, it was shown that thickening during systole was a nearly linear process with respect to time in both groups. However, relaxation was significantly different between the groups. Relaxation was found to be an alinear process, and most thinning occurred in the first 40% of diastole. The major findings of this investigation was that the left ventricular wall of @entity1 with @entity1555 thinned at a slower rate than that of normal subjects. This new technique appears to be sensitive and demonstrates subtle changes in the left ventricular posterior wall.

title: Echocardiographic determination of contraction and relaxation measurements of the left ventricular wall in normal subjects and XXXX with muscular dystrophy.

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ["Duchenne's muscular dystrophy", 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Previous studies have suggested an important role for the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signalling pathway in @entity5 development. Therefore, we explored genetic variants in JAK-STAT pathway associated genes with @entity706 risk. In samples of the EpiLymph case-control study we genotyped 1536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using GoldenGate BeadArray    Technology (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). Here, we report the associations between selected SNPs and haplotypes of the JAK-STAT pathway and risk of @entity978 ( @entity978 ), @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) and most frequent @entity1892 subtypes. Among 210 relevant JAK-STAT pathway-related SNPs, polymorphisms in nine genes (BMF, @entity379 , @entity10669 , @entity4635 , @entity6897 , @entity4104 , @entity11715 , @entity8850 , @entity4206 ) were significantly associated with @entity706 risk. At a study-wise significance level, we obtained a risk reduction of 28% among carriers of the heterozygous genotype of the @entity4104 variant ( @entity73045 ) for @entity1892 . For six other variants within the @entity4104 gene we observed an inverse association with @entity706 subtypes. A reduced risk for @entity978 was observed for the heterozygous genotype of the @entity8850 SNP ( @entity73046 ). This is an explorative investigation to examine associations between JAK-STAT signalling related genes and @entity706 risk. The results implicate a relevant role of certain pathway-related genes in lymphomagenesis, but still need to be approved by independent studies.

title: Association of JAK-STAT pathway related genes with XXXX risk: results of a European case-control study (EpiLymph).

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'different lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-NHL', 'B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Alterations in local CBF (LCBF) were assessed autoradiographically in the @entity35 at several time points following photochemically induced cortical @entity1188 . Cortical @entity1188 of consistent size and location was produced by irradiating the brain with green light through the intact skull for 20 min following the systemic injection of rose bengal. A consistent pattern of altered LCBF was recorded in both @entity717 regions over the course of the study. At 30 min, a severely @entity63 zone surrounded by regions of cortical @entity450 was apparent. LCBF was also @entity308 relative to control values in ipsilateral cortical regions remote from the irradiated area, while contralateral cortical structures were mildly hyperemic. By 4 h, the zone of severe @entity63 had enlarged and its margins were no longer hyperemic. Ipsilateral cortical and some subcortical structures demonstrated significantly @entity308 levels of LCBF. At 5 days, LCBF throughout both ipsilateral and contralateral cortices was @entity308 compared with control values. By 15 days, LCBF had returned to control levels in most brain structures shown histopathologically not to be irreversibly damaged. The temporal sequence and magnitude of these hemodynamic alterations are consistent with findings in clinical studies in which repeated measurements of CBF have been carried out in @entity1 with @entity64 . The ability to produce a cortical @entity1188 that results in a consistent pattern of altered CBF should facilitate the investigation of @entity64 mechanisms responsible for these @entity854 .

title: Photochemically induced cortical @entity1188 in the XXXX . 1. Time course of hemodynamic consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral and contralateral brain']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity158 specialists are often involved in assessing social medical aspects of @entity1118 @entity1 . A standardized examination in the assessment process is not published. Data and statements on the assessment process between 1993 and 1997 were recorded from 15 experts by questionnaire. Statements to 568 reports were made. The majority of performance impairments were caused by back @entity158 (35.9%) and @entity10 (19.3%). All examiners integrated a psychological assessment. Although the assessment processes were very different, all examiners fulfilled the minimal criteria of the presented process for assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 . Verifying the symptoms as well as capturing some aspects of aggravation proved to be problematic. The present assessment practice is discussed with regard to the unequal procedure. On basis of the received data and the own experience in examination the process of structured assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 is presented under medical and psychological aspects. It contains a recommendation of a standardized process with minimal criteria and an optional supplement of the standardized process with problematical @entity1 (e.g.demonstration, aggravation, simulation). Minimal demands on a qualified assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 should contain the study of the history, the German @entity158 -Questionnaire, the analysis of all the @entity158 with weighting their importance, the examination and the basic registration of sensational, emotional, cognitive, behavioral and social aspects of the @entity1118 . An appended glossary of the most usable psychological tests with comments on their validation criteria aims to provide a more standard multimodal assessment of @entity1118 @entity1 complaints and functionability.

title: [ XXXX specialist in the assessment process].

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndrome', 'chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'painful complaints']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Distribution of @entity1364 and @entity470 was studied by immunohistochemistry in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of @entity1 bronchus. Ten biopsy specimens were examined for each of the following categories of lesions (50 specimens altogether): normal bronchial epithelium, @entity1544 , @entity1544 , and @entity957 in situ, in addition to invasive @entity957 . The percentage positivity of immunoreactive cells and their localization in the epithelium were examined in formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissues of bronchial biopsy specimens retrieved from the surgical pathology file. @entity1364 positivity ranged from 3.2% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 7.6% ( @entity1544 ), 51.8% ( @entity1544 ), and 85.0% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). The percentage positivity for invasive @entity957 was 56.9%. @entity470 positivity ranged from 7.3% (normal bronchial epithelium), to 38.7% (benign squamous epithelium), 67.5% ( @entity1544 ), and 91.3% ( @entity957 in situ). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Invasive @entity957 positivity was 49.7%. Both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells showed zonal distribution in the bronchial epithelium. They were located in the basal cell layer in normal bronchial epithelium and expanded upward as the morphologic changes advanced. In @entity957 in situ, both @entity1364 -positive and @entity470 -positive cells covered the entire thickness of the bronchial epithelial layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Distribution of @entity1364 and @entity470 in intraepithelial squamous cell lesions of XXXX bronchus.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating-cell nuclear antigen', 'Proliferating-cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth-factor receptor', 'Epidermal growth-factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['benign squamous metaplasia', 'dysplastic squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study was carried out to find the prevalence of precipitin reactions in the sera of 200 North American @entity748 subjects. Precipitins were detected by the double diffusion technique using different extracts of @entity54 , including a reference 'home produced' extract and five commercial extracts from three different suppliers. In addition, antigenicity of these extracts was assessed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (XIE). Of the sera, 13.5% reacted to the reference extract and from 2.5 to 12% to the different commercial extracts; 22.5% of the sera reacted to at least one extract. No one serum reacted to all the extracts. Two of fifty-one (4%) nonatopic @entity1 with a negative immediate prick test to A. fumigatus, six of eighty-seven (6.9%) @entity1097 @entity1 with a negative immediate reaction to A. fumigatus, and thirty-seven of sixty two (59%) @entity1097 @entity1 with a positive immediate reaction to A. fumigatus had precipitins to at least one of the extracts used, the skin tests being performed using the A. fumigatus reference extract. The prevalence of precipitin reactions bore a strong correlation with the antigenicity of the extracts by XIE. The same reference extract was also used for specific IgE measurements (Brompton extract, Malo _ Paquin, 1979). It was found that @entity1 with precipitins had significantly (P less than 0.001) higher specific and total IgE values than @entity1 without precipitins. In the group of @entity1 with positive skin test, those with precipitins had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher specific IgE values than those without. The authors conclude that different extracts of A. fumigatus should be used to assess the presence of precipitins. The antigenicity of these extracts should also be assayed.

title: Prevalence of precipitating antibodies to different extracts of XXXX in a North American @entity748 population.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

answer: @entity54 :: (746128,Species) :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The recurrent @entity817 driver mutation @entity8554 ( @entity817 ( @entity8554 )) is currently one of the most clinically relevant mutations in @entity320 . However, the genome-wide transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations induced by @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) are still unclear. The investigation of this driver mutation's functional consequences is critical to the understanding of tumorigenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed an integrative analysis of transcriptomic and epigenomic changes disturbed by @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) by comparing the gene expression and methylation profiles of 34 primary @entity320 harboring @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) with those of 27 @entity817 ( @entity7097 ) samples available from The @entity5 (TCGA). A total of 711 significantly differentially expressed genes were identified as putative @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) target genes. Functional enrichment analyses revealed the transcription factor @entity3060 (p   <   3.6 * 10(-16)) and growth factor @entity2533 (p   <   3.1 * 10(-9)) were the most significantly enriched up-regulators, with @entity3060 being significantly up-regulated, whereas @entity2533 was significantly down-regulated in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ), suggesting that they may mediate tumorigenesis driven by @entity817 ( @entity8554 ). Further investigation using the @entity3060 ChIP-Seq data confirmed that @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) led to an overall increased level of gene expression for the @entity3060 targets. Furthermore, DNA methylation analysis revealed a global DNA methylation loss in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) relative to @entity817 ( @entity7097 ). This might be due to @entity817 dysregulation of @entity15786 , which was identified as a potential target with significant down-regulation in @entity817 ( @entity8554 ). Finally, we demonstrated that @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) targets may play essential functional roles in cell growth and proliferation, measured by their effects on @entity320 growth using a short hairpin RNA silencing experimental dataset. CONCLUSIONS: Our integrative analysis identified a set of @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) target genes. Further analyses suggested a complex mechanism driven by mutation @entity817 ( @entity8554 ) on @entity320 that disturbs specific @entity5 -related genes, pathways, and methylation modifications.

title: In-depth genomic data analyses revealed complex transcriptional and epigenetic dysregulations of BRAFV600E in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma tumors', 'melanoma tumorigenesis', 'melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: One hundred forty-nine cases of @entity1893 were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies to natural killer (NK) cells--anti-NKH1, anti- @entity4755 , and anti-Leu 11b. There were 95 B-cell, 51 T-cell, and three null cell @entity706 . @entity784 (33 per cent) expressed NKH1, @entity4755 , and/or Leu 11b. None of the B- or null cell @entity706 expressed the NK markers. In comparison with the NK-negative @entity784 , the NK-positive cases showed a predilection for the nasal and paranasal region. There was a more significant loss of the T-cell markers T3 (peripheral T cell) and T4 (T-helper cell) in NK-positive @entity706 . The difference was due to a high proportion of nasal/ @entity706 , which were associated with a frequent loss of T-cell markers, among the NK-positive cases. However, a similar degree of loss of T-cell markers was observed among NK-positive and NK-negative nasal/ @entity706 . We conclude that expression of NK markers occurs exclusively in a proportion of @entity784 , but not B-cell or null cell @entity706 . The reason this occurs predominantly in nasal and @entity706 is unknown.

title: Expression of natural killer cell markers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal lymphomas', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'Seventeen T-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The hippocampus plays a role in the verbal and spatial memory processing, learning, and emotions. The purpose of this study was to determine clinical, etiological, and radiological features of isolated @entity4798 . METHODS: We reviewed, 6800 @entity1 with first-ever @entity64 included in our @entity64 Registry between 2004 and 2014. Among them we studied 19 @entity1 with an acute isolated hippocampal @entity1188 confirmed by MRI. RESULTS: Among 6800 @entity1 , 19 @entity1 (0.03%) showed @entity75 in the hippocampal artery territory, allowing us to delineate 5 variant distributions; (1) anterior @entity4798 (4 @entity1 [21%]) were present with altered consciousness, transient @entity1833 , and @entity10931 with @entity2414 . (2) Posterior @entity4798 (3 @entity1 [16%]) developed @entity1296 and dullness at @entity64 onset, @entity911 , @entity2414 . (3) Unilateral complete @entity4798 were present (4 @entity1 [21%]) with @entity911 , object specific @entity1833 , intense mood states changes as well as impulsivity or @entity308 . @entity2414 were found in all @entity1 . (4) Bilateral @entity4798 (3 @entity1 [16%]) had @entity73 and @entity2414 in all @entity1 . All @entity1 had difficulties retrieving specific autobiographical events and retrieving recent memory, and @entity227 . Hippocampal @entity303 was observed in 2 @entity1 with severe immediate, delayed @entity227 , @entity51 in responding to feedback and error correction with dull and aimless appearance lasting several months. (5) Small circumscribed (punctiform) @entity4798 (5 @entity1 [26%]) showed @entity1296 or dullness sensation and difficulties finding words or objects that they use everyday. Cardioembolism (10; 53%) and @entity455 (6; 32%) were the main @entity64 mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS: We described topographic patterns of hippocampal @entity1188 with distinct manifestations and etiologies. We thought that different patterns of @entity4798 are the result of variation in hippocampal arterial supply or reflect a source of @entity887 .

title: Isolated XXXX : Vascular and neuropsychological findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal infarcts']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances of learning in verbal and visual task', 'verbal and visual memory deficits']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'Stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['large-artery disease of the vertebrobasilar system']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual vivid hallucinations', 'hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['dysexecutive syndrome, deficits']

entities_list: @entity10931 :: ('MESH:D020236', 'Disease') :: ['transient global amnesia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['Memory dysfunctions', 'episodic and procedural memory deficit and verbal learning deficit', 'memory deficits', 'episodic and verbal memory deficits']

answer: @entity4798 :: (MESH:D020520,Disease) :: ['hippocampal infarcts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity378 is an essential problem for healthcare systems especially in developing countries. All newborns are given Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccine in Iran which is prepared from live @entity291 @entity378 bacillus, and is given to protect against @entity378 . @entity4034 secondary to BCG vaccination is rare and usually involves epiphysis of long tubular bones. METHODS: 4 @entity1 , 3 males and a female entered this study and were between 11 to 24 months old. The involved bones were first metatarsi, talus, humerus and tibia bone. The main radiologic finding was @entity75 with cortical destruction and periosteal reaction. RESULTS: 3 @entity1 underwent core needle biopsy and the one with the proximal tibia involvement, underwent open surgery. Pathology report suggested @entity738 and @entity39 compatible with @entity378 . Surgical treatment for these @entity1 was curettage and debridement of the @entity79 and involved tissues around. The @entity1 got standard anti TB pharmacotherapy, were completely cured and no short term complication was seen in a one year follow up. CONCLUSION: BCG @entity4034 and @entity733 , should be kept in mind when assessing a @entity1 presenting chronic symptoms like @entity158 , limping or local swelling of extremities. The long interval time between BCG vaccination and outbreak of the culture-negative abscess is a major point which emphasizes on pathologic evaluation. Image guided tissue biopsy and PCR studies confirm diagnosis. Early use of a surgical curettage and debridement along with chemotherapy soon afterwards, enabled these @entity1 to enjoy a satisfactory clinical outcome.

title: Bacille Calmette-Gu  rin XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['typical caseous necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomyelitis', 'osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesion']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['cold abscess']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze @entity1 results after laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (epi-LASEK) for @entity1714 and myopic @entity940 . SETTING: Private practice setting, Columbus, Ohio, USA. METHODS: Three hundred forty-three eyes of 188 @entity1 with @entity1714 or myopic @entity940 were prospectively evaluated after having epi-LASEK by a single surgeon using the VISX Star S2 excimer laser. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, @entity282 , time to epithelial healing, and postoperative haze were recorded. The @entity1 were followed for up to 6 months. RESULTS: The mean preoperative sphere and cylinder were -5.42 diopters (D) +/- 2.62 (SD) (range -1.0 to -14.0 D) and 0.87 +/- 0.75 D (range 0 to 4.75 D), respectively. At 1 week, the mean UCVA was 20/30. At 6 months, it was 20/40 or better in 98% of @entity1 . At 3 months, 78% and 92% of @entity1 were within +/-0.5 D and +/-1.0 D, respectively, of the intended correction. This improved to 85% and 94%, respectively, at 6 months. The mean time to epithelial healing was 4.76 days (range 3 to 9 days). Most @entity1 (87%) reported no @entity282 . In the first 3 months, haze was noted in 1.6% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Epi-LASEK appeared to be a safe and effective treatment for the correction of @entity1714 and myopic @entity940 . Most @entity1 achieved postoperative visual acuities comparable to those with laser in situ keratomileusis and photorefractive keratectomy. There was a low incidence of haze and @entity158 postoperatively.

title: Epi-LASEK for the correction of XXXX and myopic @entity940 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: Electrolytic production of @entity5715 in former Czechoslovakia started in the year 1953 in the   iar valley in the central Slovakia. However, till 1995 the hygienic conditions for health protection were not met in the factory. It underwent a reconstruction afterwards.The authors demonstrate cases of @entity1141 (currently rare in Europe) in 14 metallurgists which were all disclosed in foundry workers in   iar nad Hronom as to the year 2005. The occupational disease was diagnosed after 17.7    7.67 years (x  SD) of exposure in the foundry.The authors describe the clinical conditions, haematological and biochemical tests (decreased level of ionising @entity460 was found in serum). The content of @entity1388 in urine was increased (254.4  130.95   mol/l). The average age of @entity1 at the time of recognition of the professional etiology of the disease was 57.93  7.95 years. Eight @entity1 were older than 60 years. @entity853 were evaluated by using X-ray skiagraphy, estimating the Stage I-III of the @entity1141 . Typically an increase of bone density was found, the compact part of long bones was coarsed, there were calcifications of the interosseous membrane between radius and ulna and some ossifications of the sacrospinal and sacrotuberous ligaments. Twelve @entity1 suffered @entity305 , chronic @entity3617 was found in 6 @entity1 (two of them were smokers).The last occupational case was registered in the year 2001. The authors assume that @entity5715 production with modern technology of better safety and protection of health of workers is the key which will make the @entity1141 the history in the Czech and Slovak Republic.

title: XXXX from the point of view of an occupational exposure to @entity1388 in former Czechoslovakia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['Skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['sensorimotor polyneuropathy of extremities']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity5715 :: ('CHEBI:28984', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminium']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorides']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal fluorosis', 'occupational skeletal fluorosis']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['Skeletal fluorosis']


abstract: Adrenochromaffin cells have been shown to physiologically synthesize and secrete @entity4545 . We have thus hypothesized that excessive intraadrenal @entity4545 production may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary @entity699 . In this report we describe a case of @entity699 due to bilateral adrenocortical macronodular @entity1373 associated with suppression of plasma @entity4545 levels. HPLC analysis of adrenal tissue extracts revealed the presence of a peptide coeluting with bioactive @entity4545 . Immunohistochemical studies showed that @entity4545 immunoreactivity was detectable in a subpopulation of steroidogenic cells, but not in chromaffin cells. @entity4545 -positive cells were also labeled by antibodies against relaxin-like factor, a marker of Leydig cells. The presence of @entity4545 in the hyperplastic tissue resulted from local expression of the gene encoding the @entity4545 precursor proopiomelanocortin. Finally, @entity1373 fragments, contrary to normal adrenal cortex explants, appeared to release in vitro measurable amounts of @entity4545 . In conclusion, this observation shows that @entity699 associated with suppressed plasma @entity4545 levels may be dependent upon @entity4545 produced within adrenocortical tissue. The term @entity4545 -independent used to designate primary @entity699 may therefore be inappropriate in some cases of bilateral macronodular @entity774 with @entity699 and undetectable plasma @entity4545 levels.

title: Intraadrenal adrenocorticotropin production in a case of bilateral macronodular @entity774 causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndromes", "Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism', "adrenal Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ) are a challenging clinical entity. The vast majority of @entity1 are operated on when @entity5 are advanced. We report herein a case of @entity1822 , mimicking @entity697 and treated successfully via laparoscopy. METHODS: A 37-year-old @entity1 , para 1, was admitted to our department for right lower quadrant @entity490 , @entity221 , and @entity491 . She had no changes in gastrointestinal and urologic function. A physical examination revealed the presence of abdominal guarding, rebound, and a tender mass in the right lower quadrant. The abdominal ultrasound showed an inhomogeneous ovoid mass (6 cm in diameter) located below the cecum, with no definite margins, and consistent with an @entity2466 . The @entity1 was referred for laparoscopy. The procedure was performed with the aid of 3 ports: a 12-mm trocar in the umbilicus (open technique), a 10-mm trocar in the left iliac fossa, and a 5-mm one in the supra-pubic space. On inspection of the abdominal cavity, a retroperitoneal 6-cm mass was immediately found below the cecum and the appendix. Neither intraperitoneal seeding nor suspected lymph nodes were present. After dissection of the parietal peritoneum, the mass appeared to be encapsulated and well demarcated from all surrounding structures. It was eventually dissected and removed via a plastic bag. A standard appendectomy was also performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the @entity1 was discharged on the 3rd day. The histology analysis of the resected specimen showed a totally excised @entity1822 . The appendix had no signs of @entity32 . Postoperatively, the @entity1 underwent a total-body CT-scan, which had no signs of residual or distant disease. No adjuvant therapy was necessary. At an 18-month follow-up, the @entity1 was doing well and was disease free. CONCLUSION: Surgery represents the main therapeutic option for resectable @entity1822 . Laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic tool that allows safe resection of incidentally discovered, small and well encapsulated @entity1822 .

title: XXXX mimicking @entity697 : laparoscopic management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendiceal disease']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal abscess']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['RLMS', 'Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcomas', 'G2 leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1822 :: (MESH:D007890,Disease) :: ['Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) is one of the most widely prescribed antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of @entity302 . Although it is well known that the doses of @entity3262 and its plasma concentrations are highly correlated, the plasma concentrations do not correlate well with the therapeutic effects of the @entity3262 . In this study, we developed a population-based pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) model to determine the optimal concentration of @entity3262 according to the clinical characteristics of each @entity1 . This retrospective study included 77 @entity3262 -treated Japanese @entity1 with @entity302 . A nonlinear mixed-effects model best represented the relationship between the trough concentrations of @entity3262 at steady-state and an over 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency. The model was fitted using a logistic regression model, in which the logit function of the probability was a linear function of the predicted trough concentration of @entity3262 . The model showed that the age, @entity410 locus, the @entity1372 channel neuronal type I alpha subunit @entity39505 polymorphism and co-administration of @entity2049 , @entity2053 , @entity3174 or @entity1771 were associated with an over 50% reduction in the @entity410 frequency. We plotted the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the logit(Pr) value of the model and the presence or absence of a more than 50% reduction in @entity410 frequency, and the areas under the curves with the 95% confidence interval from the ROC curve were 0.823 with 0.793-0.853. A logit(Pr) value of 0.1 was considered the optimal cut-off point (sensitivity = 71.8% and specificity = 80.4%), and we calculated the optimal trough concentration of @entity3262 for each @entity1 . Such parameters may be useful to determine the recommended therapeutic concentration of @entity3262 for each @entity1 , and the procedure may contribute to the further development of personalized pharmacological therapy for @entity302 .

title: Determination of the Optimal Concentration of @entity1092 in @entity1 with XXXX : A Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2053 :: ('MESH:D002998', 'Chemical') :: ['clonazepam']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: @entity65 remains the most common cause of @entity204 in @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Although several predictors of @entity204 have been reported, identifying individuals most at risk remains difficult. Previous studies in nonuremic populations have associated cardiac mortality, in particular @entity944 , with @entity1162 (QTd); defined as the difference between the maximal and minimal QT interval on a standard electrocardiogram. The present study aimed to determine the prognostic value of QTd and corrected QTd (QTdc) in predicting @entity65 , and @entity943 -related mortality in @entity454 @entity1 initiating dialysis. The study was a retrospective cohort of adult @entity454 @entity1 starting peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis between 1990 and 1994. Statistical analysis was by Cox proportional hazard modeling and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Primary study endpoints were @entity65 , and @entity943 -related mortality. Nonfatal @entity65 were a secondary endpoint. A total of 147 @entity1 were studied for a period of 5 to 9 years. In Cox modeling, QTdc was an independent predictor of total (relative risk [RR] = 1.53; difference for RR = 50 msec; P = 0.0001) and cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.57; difference for RR = 50 msec; P = 0.028) and trended toward @entity943 -related mortality (P = 0.061). Total mortality also was predicted independently by lack of renal transplantation, radiographic @entity1283 , and predialysis serum albumin. In multivariate analysis, QTdc was associated weakly with serum @entity460 , mean QT interval, and presence of @entity6 . QTdc may be a useful marker for identifying dialysis @entity1 at an increased risk for overall and cardiovascular mortality.

title: Value of corrected QT interval dispersion in identifying XXXX initiating dialysis at increased risk of total and cardiovascular mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomegaly']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['increased QT dispersion']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death', 'premature death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events', 'total, cardiovascular']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: AIMS: @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) comprises a heterogeneous group of monogenic forms of @entity6 caused by mutations in at least 14 genes, but mostly by mutations in @entity14224 ( @entity14224 ) and @entity5448 ( @entity5448 ). This study aims to establish a national registry of @entity2175 cases in Brazilian @entity1 , assessing published and unpublished data. METHODS: 311 @entity1 with clinical characteristics of @entity2175 were analyzed, with unpublished data on 298 individuals described in 12 previous publications and 13 newly described cases in this report. RESULTS: 72 individuals had @entity14224 mutations, 9 described in Brazilian individuals for the first time. One previously unpublished novel @entity14224 mutation, @entity72203 , was found in one family. 31 individuals had @entity5448 mutations, 2 described for the first time in Brazilian individuals. Comparisons of @entity14224 probands vs @entity5448 : age 16  11 vs 35  20years; age at diagnosis 11  8 vs 21  7years; BMI 19  6 vs 25  6kg/m(2); @entity5736 users 5 vs 83%; insulin users 5 vs 17%; presence of arterial @entity101 0 vs. 33%, all p<0.05. No differences were observed in lipids and C-peptide. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity2175 cases in Brazil are due to @entity14224 mutations. In agreement with other studied populations, novel mutations are common. Only 14% of @entity1 with @entity6 carry a @entity5448 mutation. Diagnosis of other rare forms of @entity2175 is still a challenge in Brazilian population, as well as adequate strategies to screen individuals for molecular diagnosis.

title: @entity2175 ( XXXX ) in Brazil: Establishment of a national registry and appraisal of available genetic and clinical data.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young', 'MODY']

entities_list: @entity72203 :: ('p|SUB|G|178|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Gly178Ala']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'familial diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity5448 :: ('6927', 'Gene') :: ['hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 homeobox A', 'HNF1A']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['MODY']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Polymicrogyric cortex demonstrates interindividual variation with regard to both extent of dyslamination and functional capacity. Given the relationship between laminar structure and white matter fibers, we sought to define the relationship between @entity8568 ( @entity8568 ), intrahemispheric association pathways, and network function. Methods. Each @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ) was categorized as present or absent. Language was characterized by a pediatric neurologist. The presence of @entity6349 cortex in the expected anatomic locations of Broca's (BA) and @entity244 ( @entity244 ) was evaluated by two pediatric neuroradiologists blinded to DTI and language data. Results. 16 @entity8568 @entity1 and 16 age/gender-matched controls were included. All normative controls had an identifiable left @entity1019 . 6/7 @entity8568 @entity1 with @entity6349 cortex within BA and/or @entity244 had no left @entity1019 ; @entity8568 @entity1 without involvement of these regions had a lower frequency of absence of the left @entity1019 (p < 0.006). All @entity1 without a left @entity1019 had some degree of @entity73 . @entity8568 @entity1 without a left @entity1019 had a significantly greater frequency of @entity73 compared to those @entity8568 @entity1 with a left @entity1019 (p < 0.003). Conclusion. In @entity1 with @entity8568 (1) the presence of @entity6349 cortex within @entity244 and/or BA is associated with absence of the left @entity1019 and (2) absence of the left @entity1019 is associated with @entity73 .

title: Failure to Identify the Left Arcuate Fasciculus at Diffusion Tractography Is a Specific Marker of Language Dysfunction in Pediatric @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['PMG', 'polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'arcuate fasciculus']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['WA', "Wernicke's areas"]

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

answer: @entity8568 :: (MESH:D065706,Disease) :: ['Polymicrogyria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess fetal and maternal outcomes of pregnancies in @entity1 with @entity2689 ( @entity2689 ). DESIGN: Retrospective case series. SETTING: Clinical research center. @entity1 (S): 276 adults with cytogenetically proven @entity2689 participating in an intramural natural history protocol. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Menstrual and obstetric histories, 50-cell karyotypes, and cardiovascular evaluation including aortic diameter measurements. RESULT(S): Our cohort included five @entity1 with spontaneous pregnancies and five with pregnancies using assisted reproduction (ART). All five @entity1 with spontaneous pregnancies had spontaneous puberty, despite 45,X in >= 90% of their 50-cell karyotype. @entity1 had a total of 13 pregnancies and 14 live births. One @entity1 had @entity306 ; the others were chromosomally and developmentally normal. Delivery was by cesarean section in four out of seven spontaneous and six out of six ART-related pregnancies. One mother experienced @entity1468 in an ART-related twin pregnancy that required a preterm delivery; she has marked but stable aortic dilation years later. CONCLUSION(S): Approximately 2% of our study cohort experienced spontaneous pregnancies despite high-grade X monosomy, and a similar number achieved pregnancy via oocyte donation and ART. The potential for life-threatening @entity65 warrants comprehensive screening before conception or single-embryo transfer, and caution regarding unintentional pregnancies for @entity2689 @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of spontaneous and assisted pregnancies in XXXX : the U.S. National Institutes of Health experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'child', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity2689 :: (MESH:D014424,Disease) :: ['Turner syndrome']