abstract: BACKGROUND: New methods have been introduced to facilitate dental procedures, but the administration of local anesthesia is still necessary to perform @entity158 control during several dental procedures. AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of the @entity3303 Denti-patch    system versus the @entity3303 topical anesthetic gel in @entity1 concerning @entity158 reaction during injection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred 9-12-year-old cooperative @entity1 weighing more than 29 kg in need of bilateral dental treatment requiring maxillary and mandibular injection and not suffering from acute @entity158 as a result of pulpits on the day of treatment were selected. The @entity1 were then divided into two groups: Group 1 comprising of 50 @entity1 in need of bilateral maxillary treatment and Group 2 compromising of 50 @entity1 requiring bilateral mandibular treatment. These groups were further subdivided into subgroups A and B; those receiving Denti-patch    on one side and @entity3303 gel on the contralateral side, respectively. @entity158 or comfort was evaluated during injection using @entity735 ( @entity735 ) scale (objective method) while, using @entity158 ( @entity158 ) scale (subjective method) after injection by a trained assistant blinded to the procedure. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Comparison of the results was performed using Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-ranks test for @entity735 and @entity158 score. RESULT: There was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel group for maxilla (P < 0.0001), as well as mandible (P = 0.01) with respect to @entity735 score given by the @entity1 . Similarly, with @entity158 scale, there was a statistically significant difference between the patch and the gel groups in both maxilla and mandible (P < 0.0001). However, there was no statistical difference between the patch Groups 1A and IIA or the gel Groups 1B and II B. CONCLUSION: The Denti-patch    system can significantly reduce the needle injection @entity158 more than the gel.

title: Effectiveness of @entity3303 Denti patch (  ) system versus @entity3303 gel as topical anesthetic agent in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['sound, eye, motor', 'SEM']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'FPS', 'pain', 'faces pain rating scale']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Ten cases of spindle cell @entity704 with prominent papillary and pseudopapillary features were presented. The @entity1 were 7 @entity1 and 3 @entity1 between the ages of 47 and 75 years. Clinically, 3 @entity1 were asymptomatic, 1 @entity1 presented with @entity662 , 4 @entity1 with @entity1353 , and 1 @entity1 with a history of @entity1907 . One case was found during an autopsy procedure. Nine @entity1 underwent complete surgical resection of their mediastinal @entity5 , which varied in size from 4 to 9 cm in greatest diameter. Histologically, all @entity5 showed a spindle cell appearance (WHO type A) with elongated nuclei and inconspicuous nucleoli. Scattered lymphocytes were present admixed with the spindle cellular proliferation. In addition, all @entity5 showed prominent areas of papillary and pseudopapillary features, which varied in size and type. In some cases, prominent areas of hyalinization were also present, whereas in other cases the papillary-like changes were composed of @entity4 projections, which imparted these @entity5 a unique morphologic growth pattern. Three @entity5 were encapsulated, whereas 7 other @entity5 were invasive. Immunohistochemical studies for keratin CAM5.2 and keratin 5/6 showed strong positive reaction, whereas other stains including @entity10580 , calretinin, @entity2279 , and thyroglobulin were negative. Follow-up information showed that 2 @entity1 are alive and well, whereas 3 @entity1 have died. No follow-up information was obtained in 4 @entity1 . The current morphologic appearance has not been previously emphasized in @entity704 , which is important to recognize to avoid misdiagnosis with other @entity6830 .

title: Spindle cell XXXX (WHO Type A) with prominent papillary and pseudopapillary features: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity6830 :: ('MESH:D008479', 'Disease') :: ['mediastinal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab plays an important role in the treatment of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). The aim of this study is to assemble current RCTs to analyze efficacy of adding bevacizumab to the most used combination first-line chemotherapy in mCRC @entity1 . METHODS: Pubmed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were systematically searched. Our primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS) and secondary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR). Hazard ratios (HRs) for PFS and @entity1349 and risk ratio (RR) for ORR were extracted from each trial. All these above were performed using a random-effects model and statistics was performed in StataSE 12.0. RESULTS: Seven Randomized controlled studies aggregating 3264 @entity1 were enrolled in our meta-analysis. @entity1349 , PFS and ORR were performed using a random-effects model. A therapeutic effect advantage was showed in Bevacizumab added to first-line chemotherapy with higher @entity1349 (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.61-0.72;   - =0.000), PFS (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.61-0.72;   - =0.000) compared with chemotherapy alone. Chemotherapy plus bevacizumab increased ORR (38.42% vs. 33.44%), showing statistically difference (RR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.28, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis shows that the addition of bevacizumab to first-line regimens can be beneficial in terms of @entity1349 , PFS and ORR compared with chemotherapy alone.

title: Bevacizumab in combination with first-line chemotherapy in XXXX with metastatic @entity14 : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['overall survival', 'OS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Information on @entity5 prevalence is either absent or largely unavailable for central European countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Austria, Germany, The Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia and Switzerland cover a population of 13 million inhabitants. @entity5 registries in these countries supplied incidence and survival data for 465 000 cases of @entity5 . The prevalence of stomach, colon, rectum, lung, breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri and @entity263 , as well as @entity320 , @entity978 , @entity1778 and all @entity5 combined was estimated for the end of 1992. RESULTS: A large heterogeneity was observed within central European countries. For all @entity5 combined, estimates ranged from 730 per 100 000 in Poland ( @entity1 ) to 3350 per 100 000 in Germany ( @entity1 ). Overall @entity5 prevalence was the highest in Germany and Switzerland, and the lowest in Poland and Slovenia. In Slovakia, prevalence was higher than average for @entity1 and lower than average for @entity1 . This was observed for almost all ages. As shown by incidence data, @entity0 was the most frequent @entity5 among @entity1 in all countries. Among @entity1 , @entity263 was the leading @entity5 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, and @entity2 was the major @entity5 in Slovenia, Slovakia and Poland. The Netherlands had a high prevalence of both prostate and @entity2 . Time-related magnitude of prevalence within each country and the variability of such proportions across the countries has been estimated and @entity5 prevalence is given by time since diagnosis (1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, >10 years) for each site. The weight of 1-year prevalence (248 per 100 000 among @entity1 and 253 per 100 000 among @entity1 ) was <15% of total prevalence. Prevalent cases between 1 and 5 years since diagnosis represented between 22% and 34% of the total prevalence. Prevalent cases diagnosed from 5 to 10 years before (335 per 100 000 for @entity1 and 505 per 100 000 for @entity1 ) represented between 17% and 23% of prevalent @entity5 . Finally, long-term @entity5 prevalence (diagnosed >10 years before), reflecting long-term survival, and number of @entity1 considered as cured from @entity5 were 490 per 100 000 for @entity1 and 1028 per 100 000 for @entity1 , with a range between 26% (The Netherlands, @entity1 ) and 50% (Slovakia, @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: It is clear from observing countries in Central Europe, that high @entity5 prevalence is associated with well-developed economies. This burden of @entity5 could be interpreted as a paradoxical effect of better treatments and thereby survival. It could also be taken as a sign for not being satisfied with the advances in treating @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 , and for supporting more primary prevention.

title: XXXX prevalence in Central Europe: the EUROPREVAL Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['skin melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: Eye-head coordination was measured in @entity1 with @entity191 as they made horizontal gaze shifts in response to predictable and unpredictable target steps and to targets moving smoothly with either constant or sinusoidally varying velocity. @entity1 preferred not to move their heads for both large and small amplitude gaze shifts. Both eye and head movement reaction times were prolonged. Saccades were hypometric and, frequently, slow. @entity910 were also slow, hypometric, and varied in amplitude for target shifts of a given amplitude. @entity1319 ( @entity1319 ) that normally stabilize gaze direction during head movement varied in gain from zero to greater than unity, and often drove the eyes off target. @entity854 occurred most commonly in @entity1 with abnormal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain in darkness. We attribute these abnormalities of programming combined eye-head saccades to dysfunction of striatonigralcollicular circuits. Smooth gaze pursuit gain, the ratio of gaze velocity to target velocity, was lowered in @entity1 while tracking sinusoidal targets at 0.3, 0.5 and 1.0 Hz. Some @entity1 could track these targets with the head fixed but not with the head free. We attribute this to abnormal suppression of the vestibuloocular reflex. The results indicate that @entity191 impairs motor programming of coordinated eye-head gaze saccades and disrupts normal interaction between head movement and the VOR.

title: Ocular motor deficits in @entity191 . III. Coordination of eye and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['Head movements']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['CEM abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory eye movements', 'CEMs']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['head movements']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the relationship between @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and the @entity551 ( @entity16054 ) and to elucidate the role of the @entity16054 as a surrogate marker for early detection of peripheral @entity455 (PAD) in @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: In total, 135 @entity1 with @entity1252 and 135 age- and gender-matched subjects were enrolled. The @entity16054 and risk of an abnormal @entity16054 were compared between the @entity1252 and control groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between @entity1252 and an abnormal @entity16054 . The specificity and sensitivity of an @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater for diagnosis of PAD (ankle brachial index of <0.90) were calculated. RESULTS: Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were significantly higher in the @entity1252 group than in the control group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, @entity1252 remained significantly associated with an abnormal @entity16054 (P = 0.039). Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were negatively associated with the ankle brachial index. Using a systolic @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater as the cutoff point, the specificity and sensitivity for PAD were 90% and 41%, respectively. A diastolic @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater exhibited higher specificity (92%), but lower sensitivity (30%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1252 is independently associated with an abnormal @entity16054 , and an @entity16054 of 10 mm Hg or greater predicts PAD with high specificity but low sensitivity. Blood pressure should be measured at least once in both arms in @entity1 with @entity1252 for early detection of asymptomatic PAD.

title: Interarm Blood Pressure Difference in XXXX With @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['interarm blood pressure difference']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7025 is characterised by an occlusion of the carotid terminations with the development of collateral vessels. Our objective is to describe a series of @entity1 presenting early-onset @entity7025 , which may constitute a distinct entity. METHODS: From a cohort of @entity1 with rare cerebral vascular pathologies, we studied eight @entity1 (28  days-1  year) with early-onset @entity7025 demonstrated by angiography. We retrospectively analysed the patterns on MRI and MRA, as well as all other available data. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 7  months (IQR: 6-8) with arterial @entity64 in the middle cerebral artery territory. All of the @entity1 experienced severe @entity64 recurrence within a median time of 11  months (IQR: 10-12), and all showed extraneurological symptoms. The anterior cerebral circulation was involved in all cases and the posterior circulation was involved in six. Two @entity1 died and all of the other @entity1 suffered permanent @entity51 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of extraneurological signs in cases of early-onset @entity7025 is suggestive of a newly described systemic @entity455 with predominantly cerebrovascular expression. Given its rapid progression marked by severe recurrent @entity64 and poor clinical outcome, early diagnosis could help in the decision to institute aggressive therapy.

title: Early-onset XXXX and extraneurological signs: a first reported paediatric series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['moyamoya syndrome', 'Moyamoya syndrome', 'moyamoya-like syndrome']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke with moyamoya-like syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay has been validated in retrospective studies as prognostic of distant disease recurrence and predictive of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity172 -receptor-positive @entity0 ( @entity0 ). There is limited published data on the impact of the assay on clinical practice, particularly in the context of a single practice with a unified treatment policy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2009, RS was obtained on 135 @entity1 in a single practice with a uniform treatment policy. Treatment recommendations before and after RS result were analyzed retrospectively. Pre-RS treatment recommendations were based on clinicopathological features and Adjuvant! Online (AO) calculated survival advantage. RS and AO survival advantage for adding chemotherapy were compared for each @entity1 . RESULTS: The distribution by risk group of RS was low- 49.6%, intermediate-37.8%, and high-12.6%. In 34 @entity1 (25.2%, 95% confidence interval 17.9% to 32.5%), recommendation for chemotherapy was changed after obtaining assay result. Most changes (70.6%) were from chemotherapy to no chemotherapy. The RS correlated poorly with AO predictions. CONCLUSION: The 21-gene assay, when applied in a consistent manner in early-stage @entity0 , changes treatment recommendations in one-quarter of @entity1 tested.

title: The impact of the 21-gene recurrence score assay on decision making about adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage XXXX -receptor-positive @entity0 in an oncology practice with a unified treatment policy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The aim of our study was to present our retrospective experience in the single-stage surgical reconstruction of 21 @entity6184 ( @entity6184 ) @entity1 during the last 17 years, considering the characteristics of the treated @entity850 , surgical procedures performed, and postoperative outcomes and complications. All demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively. Chest and neck computed tomography (CT) scans were performed to assess the @entity850 , including length, location, and glottic involvement. The stenotic area was evaluated endoscopically according to an adapted Myer and @entity2708 grading scale. The aetiology of the ( @entity6184 ) was intubation related in 18 @entity1 and idiopathic in three @entity1 . The duration of intubation was 13.00  6.83 days (range, 1 hour to 27 days). According to the Myers- @entity2708 classification, mean stage of @entity850 for the study group was 3.33  0.66 (range, 2-4). Mean length of the @entity850 was 2.05  0.80 (range, 1-3.5) cm. The mean number of stenotic segment involved was 3.67  1.24 (range, 2-6). Mean follow-up for the study group, excluding two @entity1 who died in the postoperative period, was 57 (range, 12-326) months. Of the 19 @entity1 who survived, postoperative decannulation was achieved in 16 @entity1 (76.19%), and decannulation was not achieved in 3 @entity1 (14.29%) who are still on a T-tube. Of the 16 @entity1 who are decannulated successfully, additional procedures were applied in 9 @entity1 . Segmental resection with primary @entity254 is an effective method and can be used as the first option in selected @entity1 of ( @entity6184 ).

title: Tracheal Resection With Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['Anastomosis']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: To our knowledge no studies evaluating risk factors to EIPH have been undertaken with such a population of @entity1641 in Brazil, which is one of the few countries in the racing community to accept the use of @entity1483 (FUR) as a prerace medication for bleeders. We also compared national results with those already in the literature. OBJECTIVES: To verify the influence of variables such as distance of the race, racetrack surface, going and season of the year in the recurrence and severity of EIPH and its effect on the finishing position of flat racing Thoroughbreds in Brazil. METHODS: 2118 post race respiratory endoscopies were recorded, in a total of 1003 individual @entity1641 . All @entity1641 in the study were certified bleeders (deemed positive by registered veterinarians following one or more endoscopies) and were administered FUR prior to each race. Data was analysed using both ordinary logistic regression and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The results suggest that race distance, season of the year and racetrack surface affect the recurrence of EIPH. Also, despite the use of FUR, the majority (62%) of @entity1641 continued to display some degree of @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: There was a tendency for @entity1641 that remained positive despite the use of FUR to finish unplaced in a race. @entity1641 which had a significant reduction in @entity548 and became HPIE negative after the use of FUR, tended to finish in top positions. It was not possible to determine a pattern of severity of EIPH in @entity1641 with more than one endoscopy. Further studies are required to improve our understanding of this syndrome and its correlations to performance in the racing Thoroughbred, together with the role of FUR and its possible enhancing performance effects and efficacy in consistently diminishing EIPH. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: This study enabled a better understanding of the use of FUR in Brazilian Thoroughbred racehorses and showed there was a tendency towards improvement in performance after administrion of FUR in bleeders. The fact that a large number of @entity1641 remained positive for EIPH despite the use of FUR should encourage the scientific community to search for better ways of reducing, or preventing, this syndrome.

title: Evaluation of race distance, track surface and season of the year on exercise-induced XXXX in flat racing thoroughbreds in Brazil.

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['frusemide']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['pulmonary haemorrhage']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) is of particular concern in @entity1 receiving @entity440 in a chemopreventive setting. We investigate the association between acquired and inherited risk factors for @entity1211 in the International @entity0 Intervention Study (IBIS-I) trial of @entity440 prophylaxis for @entity1 at increased risk of @entity0 . METHODS: We used a nested case-control study design to investigate the role of @entity440 and acquired risk factors in the risk of developing a @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity440 was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (odds ratio [OR], 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.1). @entity1 who had surgery, immobilization, or @entity174 in the previous month had a greatly increased risk of developing a major @entity1211 (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.2 to 10.1). @entity556 and @entity5337 mutations were found exclusively among control @entity1 : @entity5337 in eight of 159 control @entity1 (5.0%) and the @entity556 mutation in three control @entity1 (1.9%). Thirty-five @entity1 with a @entity1211 and a blood sample were negative for these mutations. The upper one-sided 97.5% CI for the OR of having either mutation was 1.87. Being overweight, smoking, or taking hormone replacement therapy was not associated with @entity1211 in this study, but the CIs were wide. CONCLUSION: @entity440 and prior surgery, @entity174 , or immobilization were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing a @entity1211 . @entity5337 and @entity556 mutations were not associated with @entity715 in this population.

title: Inherited and acquired risk factors for venous thromboembolic disease among XXXX taking @entity440 to prevent @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity5337 :: ('2153', 'Gene') :: ['Factor V Leiden', 'factor V Leiden']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast Cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['prothrombin', 'Prothrombin']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity548 after pancreatoduodenectomy is a severe, life-threatening complication. This study was conducted to determine the guidelines appropriate for the prevention and management of @entity548 . METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the medical records of 456 @entity1 who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy at our hospital between 1991 and 2000. RESULTS: Significant @entity86 occurred in 21 @entity1 (4.6%). Early @entity548 (within the 5th postoperative day) caused by improper intraoperative hemostasis occurred in 5 of these cases; 3 of whom were saved by prompt operation and one by conservative management. The other 16 cases consisted of late @entity548 (after the 5th postoperative day), of which 12 @entity1 (75%) experienced pancreatic leaks and 8 @entity2849 of major arteries. "Sentinel @entity548 " was evident in 8 cases. Angiographic embolization was performed in 8 cases, 7 of which were successful. Reoperation was tried in 7 cases with complete hemostasis being achieved in 2. As a result, 15 of 21 @entity1 obtained complete hemostasis and the mortality rate from @entity548 was 28.6% (6/21). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid decision-making is mandatory when @entity548 stigmata such as @entity2849 on CT and sentinel @entity548 are noted. Prompt operation for early @entity548 and angiographic embolization for late @entity548 are recommended. In order to prevent @entity548 after pancreatoduodenectomy, meticulously performed hemostasis and the avoidance of pancreatic @entity834 are essential.

title: Management of XXXX after pancreatoduodenectomy.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic complications', 'hemorrhage', 'bleeding', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']


abstract: Even though relationships within Annelida are poorly understood, Eunicida is one of only a few major annelid lineages well supported by morphology. The seven recognized eunicid families possess sclerotized jaws that include mandibles and a maxillary apparatus. The maxillary apparatuses vary in shape and number of elements, and three main types are recognized in extant taxa: ctenognath, labidognath, and prionognath. Ctenognath jaws are usually considered to represent the plesiomorphic state of Eunicida, whereas taxa with labidognath and prionognath are thought to form a derived monophyletic assemblage. However, this hypothesis has never been tested in a statistical framework even though it holds considerable importance for understanding annelid phylogeny and possibly lophotrochozoan evolution because Eunicida has the best annelid fossil record. Therefore, we used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference approaches to reconstruct Eunicida phylogeny using sequence data from nuclear 18S and 28S rDNA genes and mitochondrial 16S rDNA and @entity9859 genes. Additionally, we conducted three different tests to investigate suitability of combining data sets. @entity1833 ( @entity1833 ) and Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) test comparisons of resultant trees under different data partitions have been widely used previously but do not give a good indication as to which nodes may be causing the conflict. Thus, we developed a partition addition bootstrap alteration ( @entity11894 ) approach that evaluates congruence or conflict for any given node by determining how bootstrap scores are altered when different data partitions are added. @entity11894 shows the contribution of each partition to the phylogeny obtained in the combined analysis. Generally, the @entity1833 test performed worse than the other approaches in detecting incongruence. Both @entity11894 and the SH approach indicated the 28S and COI data sets add conflicting signal, but @entity11894 is more informative for elucidating which data partition may be misleading at a given node. All our analyses indicate that the monophyly of the labidognath/prionognath taxa and even a labidognath clade (i.e., a "Eunicidae"/Onuphidae/Lumbrineridae clade) is significantly rejected. We show that the definition of both the labidognath and ctenognath jaw type does not address adequately the variation within Eunicida and thus misleads our current evolutionary understanding. Based on the presented results a symmetric maxillary apparatus with a carrier and four to six maxillae is most likely the @entity558 for Eunicida. [COI; conflicting data; fossil record; @entity1833 ; Jaw Evolution; molecular phylogeny; rDNA; SH test.].

title: Phylogeny of Eunicida (Annelida) and exploring data congruence using a partition addition bootstrap alteration ( XXXX ) approach.

entities_list: @entity9859 :: ('4512', 'Gene') :: ['cytochrome c oxidase subunit I']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['plesiomorphic condition']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'Incongruence length difference']

answer: @entity11894 :: (MESH:D010129,Chemical) :: ['PABA']


abstract: Demonstration of central @entity4595 (CB) with normal peripheral bronchi is an essential requirement for the diagnosis of @entity5929 ( @entity5929 ). Although the results of bronchography remain the gold standard for demonstration of central @entity4595 they are not always diagnostic. Moreover, it is an unpleasant invasive procedure which may be difficult to perform in a @entity1 of @entity5929 with acute severe @entity565 . In an attempt to find a safe and effective alternative to demonstrate central @entity4595 computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was evaluated against bronchography. Twenty one @entity1 with @entity5929 underwent computed tomography of the thorax followed by bronchography. Of the 378 bronchopulmonary segments available for analysis, 42 had to be excluded because of consolidation or non-filling of the contrast dye, leaving 336 segments for evaluation. CB was identified on CT in all 21 @entity1 . Detailed analysis of the visualized segments revealed that computed tomography (using 8 mm contiguous scans) identified 146 of the 212 segments showing central @entity4595 on bronchography (sensitivity 70%) and 114 of the 124, read as normal on bronchography (specificity 92%). Supplemental 4 mm scans, used in 8 out of 21 @entity1 improved the overall sensitivity of computed tomography to 83%, whilst the specificity remained unchanged at 92%. Thus, computed tomography of the thorax, being more acceptable to the @entity1 , has the potential of being the investigation of choice for the demonstration of central @entity4595 in @entity1 with @entity5929 .

title: Central XXXX in @entity5929 : comparative evaluation of computed tomography of the thorax with bronchography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['ABPA', 'allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is evidence that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) induce differentiation of @entity1778 cells; however, little is known about its effect on solid @entity5 . The aim of this study was to investigate whether @entity9188 can induce cell differentiation and its association with growth inhibition in @entity1 @entity189 using BALB/C @entity19 xenograft model. METHODS: Poorly differentiated @entity1 @entity957 cells from CSNE-1 cell strain were transplanted subcutaneously to BALB/C @entity19 to produce @entity5 . @entity9188 at a dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 was given intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days, and then 3 times a week for the following 3 weeks. The xenograft @entity5 growth in @entity19 was observed after drug administration. The morphological changes of the @entity5 were examined under light and electron microscopy. @entity4698 ( @entity4698 ) expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9188 at dose of 5 mg.(kg.d)-1 significantly inhibited the @entity5 growth in vivo, with a inhibitory rate of 75.4%. Remarkable cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which was characterized by keratinization of @entity5 cells, decreased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio, increased cytoplasmic organelles and rich tonofibrils in cytoplasm. Desmosomes and micro-processes were much more frequently observed in @entity5 treated with @entity9188 . Significantly decreased @entity4698 expression was observed in @entity9188 -treated @entity5 cells. The @entity4698 -positive cell index (PI) was 53.6 +/- 7.0% in @entity9188 -treated @entity19 , and 95.2 +/- 5.0% in control, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The growth of @entity1 @entity189 xenograft in BALB/C @entity19 can be significantly inhibited by @entity9188 , which might be related to the cell differentiation induced by @entity9188 .

title: [ @entity4447 induces differentiation of @entity1 @entity189 in BALB/C XXXX xenograft model].

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4698 :: ('18538(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'Proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['nude mice']


abstract: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) are chronic inflammatory illnesses marked by unpredictable disease flares, which occur spontaneously and/or in response to external triggers, especially personal health behaviors. Behavioral triggers of flare may be responsive to disease self-management programs. We report on interim findings of a randomized controlled trial of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HYP, n = 19) versus active attention control (CON, n = 17) for quiescent @entity31 ( @entity31 ). To date, 43 @entity1 have enrolled; after 5 discontinuations (1 in HYP) and 2 exclusions due to excessive missing data, 36 were included in this preliminary analysis. @entity33767 was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of HYP in @entity31 . This was achieved, demonstrated by a reasonable recruitment rate at our outpatient tertiary care clinic (20%), high retention rate (88% total), and our representative @entity29 sample, which is reflected by an equal distribution of gender, an age range between 21 and 69, recruitment of ethnic minorities (   20%), and disease duration ranging from 1.5 to 35 years. @entity3357 was to estimate effect sizes on key clinical outcomes for use in future trials. Effect sizes (group * time at 20 weeks) were small to medium for @entity29 self-efficacy (.34), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (.41), IBDQ bowel (.50), and systemic health (.48). Between-group effects were observed for the IBDQ bowel health subscale (HYP > CON; p = .05) at 20 weeks and the Short Form 12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component (HYP > CON; p < .05) at posttreatment and 20 weeks. This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for @entity29 .

title: The potential role of a self-management intervention for @entity31 : a brief report from the XXXX hypnotherapy trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel diseases', 'IBD']

answer: @entity31 :: (MESH:D003093,Disease) :: ['ulcerative colitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity9727 , such as that resulting from @entity1146 or web, routinely has been corrected by laparotomy and duodenoduodenostomy. Until recently, no one has reported on the use of minimally invasive techniques to correct this @entity154 . Over the last 6 months we have approached 4 @entity1 , 3 with @entity1146 and one with a web, laparoscopically. Three were newborns, and one was 8 months old. METHODS: All procedures were performed with 3-mm instruments and scopes. RESULTS: Operating time in all cases was less then 90 minutes. Visualization was excellent, and there were no intraoperative complications. Feedings were started on postoperative day 5 in @entity5953 neonates and day 3 in the @entity1 . All 4 were on full feedings after 3 days. Follow-up upper gastrointestinal tests show no evidence of @entity850 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopy provides an excellent way to evaluate and treat @entity9727 .

title: Laparoscopic duodenoduodenostomy for @entity9727 in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal obstruction', 'congenital duodenal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stricture or obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Inhibition of topoisomerase I by @entity1945 results in a compensatory increase in topoisomerase II levels associated with increased in vitro sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity2879 . Maximum synergy has been observed for the sequence of @entity1945 followed by @entity2879 . This is the pharmacologic rationale for the sequence of @entity1945 0.4 mg/m(2) per day for 7 days continuous i.v. infusion, @entity3003 i.v. on day 8, and @entity2879 50 mg per day p.o. days 9 through 20. The @entity3003 dosage was escalated from an AUC of 4 to 5 to 6 (Calvert formula). Up to six treatment cycles were administered at 28-day intervals. Eligible @entity1 had metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) or extensive @entity151 ( @entity151 ), no prior chemotherapy, performance status 0-2, and adequate organ function. Follow-up was twice weekly in the first cycle for CBC and for @entity1945 and @entity2879 concentrations. Follow-up, thereafter, was weekly. @entity5 response was assessed after two and six cycles and then as clinically indicated. At @entity3003 AUCs of 4 and 5, no NCI grade 4 @entity137 was observed in cycle 1 in cohorts of three @entity1 each. At the AUC of 5, two @entity1 experienced dose-limiting events after cycle 3, one grade 4 @entity1398 lasting >3 days (no fever) and one failure to recover an absolute neutrophil count >1500/microl by day 35. This was, therefore, deemed the maximal tolerable dose. Number of treatment cycles per @entity1 ranged between 1 and 6, and three @entity1 completed six cycles. All @entity1 were male, age 47-71, with @entity1149 in one and @entity151 in six. The @entity1 with @entity1149 had @entity74 after one cycle. One complete and three partial responses were observed in five @entity1 with @entity151 . Mean steady-state plasma concentrations during @entity1945 infusion ranged from 0.73 to 1.69 ng/ml, and mean @entity2879 concentrations ranged from 60 to 230 ng/ml. This sequence of @entity1945 , @entity3003 , and @entity2879 appeared tolerable and active. @entity1398 was the dose-limiting @entity137 .

title: Phase I and pharmacologic study of sequential @entity1945 , XXXX , and @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['Neutropenia', 'neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'disease small lung cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1945 :: ('MESH:D019772', 'Chemical') :: ['topotecan']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgical treatment of @entity5 remains a concern that is mostly associated with technical feasibility, high conversion rate, inadequate oncologic clearance, and surgical outcome. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to evaluate the short- and long-term clinical and oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic and open surgeries for T4 @entity694 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective study of @entity1 with T4 @entity694 without @entity3 (M0) who had laparoscopic or open surgery from 2003 to 2011. SETTING: The study was conducted at a single institution. @entity1 : A total of 83 @entity1 with pT4 @entity694 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: R0 resection rate, morbidity and mortality within 30 postoperative days, overall survival, and disease-free survival were measured. RESULTS: Laparoscopic surgery was performed on 61 and open surgery on 22 @entity1 . The groups were similar in overall staging (p = 0.461), with 35 (42%) of the @entity1 at stage 2 and 48 (58%) at stage 3. A complete R0 resection was achieved in 61 (100%) of the @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery and in 21 (96%) of the @entity1 who underwent open surgery (p = 0.265). The average number of lymph nodes harvested was 21 in the laparoscopic group and 24 in the open group (p = 0.202). Thirty-day morbidity rate was similar between the groups (p = 0.467), and the mortality rate was 0. The length of hospital and postsurgical stay was significantly shorter in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.008). The 3-year overall survival rates between the groups were 82% (range, 71%-93%) for @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic surgery and 81% (range, 61%-100%) for those who underwent open surgery (p = 0.525), and disease-free survival was 67% (range, 54%-79%) for laparoscopic surgery and 64% (range, 43%-86%) for open surgery (p = 0.848). The follow-up time was 40    25 in months in the laparoscopic group and 34    26 months in the open surgery group (p = 0.325). LIMITATIONS: This was a retrospective study at a single institution. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that laparoscopic surgery is feasible in T4 @entity694 . With comparable clinical and oncologic outcomes, this study suggests that laparoscopy may be considered as an alternative approach for T4 @entity694 with the advantage of faster recovery (see Video, @entity12605 , http://links.lww.com/DCR/A156).

title: Laparoscopic resection of t4 XXXX : is it feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T4 cancers']

entities_list: @entity12605 :: ('MESH:D063466', 'Disease') :: ['Supplemental Digital Content 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancers']


abstract: AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the @entity691 covers versus carbomer eye drops to prevent @entity936 in intensive care unit @entity1 . BACKGROUND: Concerns about eye care for @entity3124 @entity1 remain an issue. Few studies have focused on the effect of @entity691 covers and eye drops. In addition, there are no studies comparing @entity691 covers and carbomer eye drops for @entity3124 @entity1 . DESIGN: A prospective, randomised and contralateral eye study was conducted. METHODS: The study took place in an intensive care unit in 2007. Thirty-six eyes of 18 @entity1 , who were under mechanical ventilation or unconscious for more than 24 hours in the intensive care unit, were studied. After examining the eyes of the @entity1 with the Schirmer 1 test and @entity941 dye test, suitable @entity1 were included in the study. One eye of the @entity1 was randomly covered with a @entity691 cover every 12 hours, and carbomer drops were instilled on the other eye every six hours. All eyes were checked for an ocular surface abnormality by the same ophthalmologist everyday. The study interventions were continued until a defect was detected or for five days. @entity1 with a defect detected completed the study and were recorded as positive for the primary endpoint. Results.    Carbomer drop was effective in prophylaxis of @entity936 in only three of 18 @entity1 , whereas @entity691 cover showed greater effect in 18 of 18 eyes at the end of the study (SD 0  3835, Z = -3  873, p < 0  001). A negative effect of greater rima palpebra in the resting position was observed in the efficacy of carbomer drop (r = -0  476, p < 0  05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a @entity691 cover is significantly effective in prevention of @entity936 in intensive care @entity1 . As an eye care intervention, the effectiveness of @entity691 cover should be supported by further studies. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study, which is an initial step in preventing @entity936 in @entity3124 @entity1 , also offers a new and effective eye care method in these @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of XXXX covers versus carbomer drops (Viscotears) to prevent @entity936 in the @entity3124 .

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['dry eye syndrome']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity691 :: (MESH:D020959,Chemical) :: ['polyethylene']


abstract: Most of our knowledge about transmission at central synapses has been obtained by studying populations of synapses, but some important properties of synapses can be determined only by studying them individually. An important issue is whether a presynaptic action potential causes, at most, a single vesicle to be released, or whether multiquantal transmission is possible. Previous work in the @entity1399 region has shown that the response to stimulation of a single axon can be highly variable, apparently because it is composed of a variable number of quantal elements ( approximately 5 pA in amplitude). These quantal events have a low coefficient of variation (CV). Because the number of synaptic contacts involved is not known, the response could be because of uniquantal transmission at a varying number of synapses, or to multliquantal transmission at a single synapse. The former predicts that the CV at individual synapses should be small. We have used optical methods to measure the @entity1024 receptor-mediated @entity141 elevation at single active synapses. Our main finding is that the amplitude of nonfailure responses could be highly variable, having a CV as large as 0.63. In one fortuitous experiment, the optically studied synapse was the only active synapse, and we could therefore measure both its @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor- and @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor-mediated signals. At this synapse, both signals varied over a 10-fold range and were highly correlated. These results strongly suggest that transmission at single @entity1399 synapses can be multiquantal. Furthermore, the individual quantal response is very far from saturation, allowing the effective summation of many quanta. The existence of multiquantal release has important implications for defining synaptic strength and understanding the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.

title: The high variance of XXXX receptor- and @entity143 receptor-mediated responses at single hippocampal synapses: evidence for multiquantal release.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

answer: @entity140 :: (MESH:D018350,Chemical) :: ['AMPA']


abstract: Multiple @entity3167 (SA) residues conjugated to a linear @entity2975 backbone are more effective than monomeric SA at inhibiting @entity683 -induced agglutination of red blood cells. However, "polymeric inhibitors" based on @entity2975 backbones are cytotoxic. @entity2343 offer a nontoxic alternative to @entity2975 and may provide a variety of potential synthetic inhibitors of @entity683 virus adhesion due to the wide range of available polymer structures. We evaluated several dendritic polymeric inhibitors, including spheroidal, linear, linear-dendron copolymers, comb-branched, and dendrigraft polymers, for the ability to inhibit virus hemagglutination (HA) and to block @entity281 of @entity1 cells in vitro. Four viruses were tested: @entity683 A @entity33105 (selectively propagated two ways), X-31 @entity683 A H3N2, and sendai. The most potent of the linear and spheroidal inhibitors were 32-256-fold more effective than monomeric SA at inhibiting HA by the @entity33105 @entity683 virus. Linear-dendron copolymers were 1025-8200-fold more effective against @entity33105 @entity683 , X-31 @entity683 , and sendai viruses. The most effective were the comb-branched and dendrigraft inhibitors, which showed up to 50000-fold increased activity against these viruses. We were able to demonstrate significant (p < 0.001) dose-dependent reduction of @entity683 @entity281 in @entity1 cells by polymeric inhibitors, the first such demonstration for multivalent SA inhibitors. Effective dendrimer polymers were not cytotoxic to @entity1 cells at therapeutic levels. Of additional interest, variation in the inhibitory effect was observed with different viruses, suggesting possible differences due to specific growth conditions of virus. SA-conjugated dendritic polymers may provide a new therapeutic modality for viruses that employ SA as their target receptor.

title: Inhibition of viral adhesion and @entity281 by XXXX -conjugated dendritic polymers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic polymers']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['sialic-acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In Europe @entity5275 ( @entity5275 ) for @entity64 is still not approved for @entity1 aged >80 years. However, elderly @entity1 are frequently treated based on individual decision making. In a retrospective observational study a consecutive and prospective @entity64 registry in southwest Germany was analysed. METHODS: The data registry collected 101 349 @entity1 with @entity64 hospitalized from January 2008 to December 2012. Of these, 38 575 (38%) were aged 80 years and older and 10 286 (10.1%) underwent @entity5275 . Favourable outcome at discharge was defined as modified @entity23656 or not worse than prior to @entity64 . Multiple logistic regression models stratified by 10-year age groups were used to assess the relationship between @entity5275 and mRS at discharge, adjusted for @entity1 characteristics, admitting facility and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The highest @entity5275 rate was 15% in @entity1 aged <50 years, with a continuous decline down to 8% in @entity1 aged >= 90 years. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for @entity1 80-89 years of age were 2.20 (1.95-2.47) (P < 0.0001) and 1.25 (0.88-1.78) (P = 0.21) for @entity1 >90 years of age, compared to @entity1 of the same age decade not treated with @entity5275 . CONCLUSIONS: The evidence from routine hospital care in southwest Germany indicates that @entity5275 is an effective treatment also for aged @entity1 with @entity64 in an age range between 80 and 89 years. Although no clear evidence for the effectiveness of @entity5275 beyond 90 years was found, treatment should also be carefully considered in these @entity1 . High age should not discourage from treatment.

title: Intravenous thrombolysis for acute @entity64 in the elderly: data from the Baden-Wuerttemberg XXXX registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity5275 :: ('MESH:D015819', 'Disease') :: ['IVT', 'intravenous thrombolysis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The prognosis of adult @entity1 with relapsed @entity981 ( @entity981 ) remains poor. Recent studies in adolescents and young adults reported better outcomes when therapy was intensified. Based on hyper-CVAD ( @entity786 / @entity1891 / @entity632 / @entity619 ) as a backbone, we designed an augmented version with intensified doses of @entity1891 , @entity619 , and asparaginase ( @entity4445 in the first 62 @entity1 and pegaspargase in the remainder) starting from course 1. Ninety @entity1 have been enrolled, with a median age of 34 years (range, 14-70 years). Most @entity1 (78%) had pre-B @entity981 and were in first salvage (76%), with a first remission duration of 12.6 months (range, 1-78 months). Ten @entity1 had primary refractory disease. Of 88 evaluable @entity1 , 41 (47%) achieved complete remission (CR), with a median time to CR of 29 days (range, 18-80 days). Eight @entity1 (9%) died within the first 30 days. Median CR duration, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 5, 6.2, and 6 months, respectively. Median overall survival of CR @entity1 was 10.2 months (range, 1.4-69.5+ months). Twenty-eight @entity1 (32%) proceeded to stem cell transplantation. @entity455 were frequent. Pegaspargase was equally effective and easier to administer than @entity4445 . @entity2915 may be suitable to be studied in younger adults with untreated @entity981 .

title: @entity2915 based on dose-intensified @entity1891 , XXXX , and asparaginase in adult @entity981 salvage therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Myelosuppression-associated complications']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Augmented hyper-CVAD']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Feline @entity11766 are a diagnostic challenge. The objective of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRPLN), alone or in combination with CT imaging characteristics of the nasal passages, could aid in differentiation between @entity2490 and @entity5 . @entity468 were recruited from record archives at two veterinary facilities during the period of 2008-2012. Selection criteria were presentation for chronic nasal discharge, contrast-enhanced CT of the head that included the MRPLN, and rhinoscopic nasal biopsy resulting in diagnosis of @entity2490 or @entity5 . For each CT scan, two board-certified veterinary radiologists recorded MRPLN size, attenuation, heterogeneity, contrast-medium enhancement, margination, shape, presence of a lymph node hilus, perinodal fat, turbinate lysis, paranasal bone lysis, and nasal mass. Both readers were unaware of @entity1 information at the time of CT interpretation. Thirty-four @entity468 with @entity2490 and 22 @entity468 with @entity5 were included. Computed tomographic characteristics significantly associated with @entity5 included abnormal MRPLN hilus (OR 5.1), paranasal bone lysis (OR 5.6), turbinate lysis (5.6), mass (OR 26.1), MRPLN height asymmetry (OR 4.5), and decreased MRPLN precontrast heterogeneity (OR 7.0). The combined features predictive of @entity5 were a nasal mass with abnormal hilus (OR 47.7); lysis of turbinates/paranasal bones with abnormal MRPLN hilus (OR 16.2). Findings supported the hypothesis that combining CT features of the nasal passages and MRPLN aided in differentiating @entity2490 from @entity5 in @entity468 .

title: COMBINATION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIAL RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODES AND NASAL PASSAGES AIDS DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN RHINITIS AND NEOPLASIA IN XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['nasal neoplasia', 'neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity11766 :: ('MESH:D009668', 'Disease') :: ['nasal diseases']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['CATS']


abstract: Some proximal femur geometry (PFG) parameters, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), have been reported to discriminate subjects with @entity173 . Relatively few studies have tested their ability to discriminate @entity2249 from those of the trochanter. To this end we performed a cross-sectional study in a population of 547 menopausal @entity1 over 69 years of age with @entity2249 (n = 88), @entity173 (n = 93) or controls (n = 366). @entity572 length (HAL), neck-shaft angle (NSA), @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) and femoral shaft diameter (FSD) were measured by DXA, as well as the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) of the nonfractured hip at the femoral neck, trochanter and Ward's triangle. In fractured subjects, @entity79 was lower at each measurement site. HAL was longer and NSA wider in those with @entity2249 . With logistic regression the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for a 1 standard deviation (SD) decrease in @entity79 was significantly associated at each measurement site with @entity2249 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 1.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.4-2.5; trochanter @entity79 : OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2-2.0; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.3-2.2) and trochanteric @entity174 (femoral neck @entity79 : OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.9-3.6; trochanter @entity79 : OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.2-4.1; Ward's triangle @entity79 : OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3). Age-adjusted OR for 1 SD increases in NSA (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.7-2.8) and HAL (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.6) was significantly associated with the @entity174 risk only for @entity2249 . In the best predictive model the strongest predictors were site-matched @entity79 for both @entity174 types and NSA for neck @entity174 . Trochanteric @entity79 had the greatest area (0.78, @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ) 0.02) under the receiver operating characteristic curve in @entity173 , whereas for NSA (0.72, @entity2246 0.03) this area was greatest in @entity2249 . These results confirm the association of @entity79 with @entity174 and support the evidence that PFG plays a significant role only in neck @entity174 prediction, since NSA is the best predictive parameter among those tested.

title: Proximal femur geometry to detect and distinguish XXXX from @entity173 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['FND', 'femoral neck diameter', 'femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['proximal femur fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['trochanteric fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to retrospectively analyze the incidence of the concurrent existence of @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ) and @entity10 . METHODS: Forty @entity1 (36 female, 4 male, mean age: 29.9  9.6 years) clinically diagnosed with @entity2956 were screened. @entity1 records were analyzed regarding: range of mouth opening, @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) noises, @entity158 on palpation of the @entity1348 and masticatory muscles and neck and upper back muscles, and magnetic resonance imaging of the @entity1348 . RESULTS: According to @entity1 records, a total of 40 (66.6%) @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity2956 among 60 @entity1 with @entity10 . Thirty-two (53%) @entity1 had @entity1348 internal derangement (ID), 8 (13%) @entity1 had only @entity158 ( @entity158 ) and 25 (41.6%) @entity1 had concurrent @entity1348 ID/ @entity158 . There were statistically significant relationships between the number of tender masseter muscles and @entity158 @entity1 (p=0.04) and between the number of tender medial pterygoid muscles and @entity1 with reducing disc displacement (RDD) (p=0.03). CONCLUSION: The @entity1348 and associated orofacial structures should be considered as possible triggering or perpetuating factors for @entity10 , especially tension-type. There might be a significant connection between @entity2956 and @entity10 . However, most medical and dental practitioners are unaware of this relationship. Therefore, a careful evaluation of the @entity1348 and associated orofacial structures is required for a correct interpretation of the @entity19534 in @entity10 @entity1 , and these @entity1 should be managed with a multidisciplinary approach.

title: The relationship of @entity2956 with XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMD', 'temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'MPD', 'myofascial pain dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headaches']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriatic plaques have been shown to contain increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, @entity6977 , @entity687 , and @entity379 have been reported elevated in psoriatic @entity1 . AIM: To evaluate serum cytokine profiles in @entity1569 @entity1 by improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique and to correlate these levels with disease severity. METHODS: We analyzed single serum samples from 10 @entity1 with active untreated @entity1569 , two @entity1 with active treated @entity1569 , and five healthy volunteers for major T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 cytokines using the LINCOplex ELISA multi-analyte detection system that permits simultaneous detection of multiple cytokines from a single sample. The disease severity, including erythema, induration, scale, and surface area, was assessed. RESULTS: @entity379 was markedly elevated in all sera from @entity1569 @entity1 , 33.8 +/- 1.3 pg/ml (mean +/- standard error) versus 8 +/- 1.5 pg/ml for normal controls (p < 0.01), and positively correlated with all indices of disease severity (Spearman r > 0.6). @entity687 was also increased in @entity1569 @entity1 (24.4 +/- 1.8 pg/ml) versus normal controls (3.6 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with the degree of erythema (Spearman r > 0.6). Mean IL-12 levels were decreased in sera from @entity1569 @entity1 (8.5 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) compared with normal controls (42.2 +/- 5.3 pg/ml) (p < 0.01). Also, serum @entity688 levels were below detection levels in psoriatics compared with controls (6.4 +/- 1.3 pg/ml). CONCLUSIONS: This new ELISA system allowed rapid and reliable detection of numerous cytokines in single serum samples from @entity1 with @entity1569 . We observed that @entity379 and @entity687 cytokines were elevated in psoriatics and correlated with parameters of disease severity while @entity688 and IL-12 were decreased.

title: Simultaneous measurement of multiple Th1 and Th2 serum cytokines in XXXX and correlation with disease severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: Live @entity526 were infused into anesthetized @entity468 given 0.6 ml bile/kg and 80 mM @entity5828 into the stomach. @entity551 , cardiac output, and gastric blood flow were monitored. @entity344 flow were measured by microspheres. The microscopic @entity16 was graded 0-4 (stomach) or 0-5 (intestine). One group of @entity468 (N = 8) received 5 mg @entity375 CuZn @entity224 dismutase (SOD) as a bolus before bacteria followed by infusion 50 mg/3 hr. Four of these @entity468 were also given catalase in the same dose. Controls (N = 8) had no treatment. After 3 hr gastric ulceration (grades 2-4) was found in controls but only in 50% of treated @entity468 (P less than 0.1). About 50% and 25% of the @entity468 in both groups developed significant small intestinal and @entity1049 , respectively. SOD or SOD/catalase had no effect on late systemic @entity551 , @entity998 , or transient increase in pulmonary pressure. Total gastric blood flow did not change, while at late @entity295 gastric mucosal flow was decreased in the treated group. Small intestinal mucosal flow decreased in both series. It is concluded that free @entity26 radicals may be of partial importance in the development of @entity295 -induced gastric, but not intestinal, @entity16 .

title: Role of free @entity26 radicals in the development of @entity344 in @entity526 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal total wall and mucosal blood']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic and pulmonary arterial blood pressures', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The effect of neonatal @entity342 treatment on the @entity2338 secretory pattern was examined in intact and ovariectomized adult female @entity35 . Neonatal ovariectomy or sham operation was performed at 1-2 days of age; thereafter, the animals were immediately given @entity3033 (250 micrograms) or vehicle. Other @entity35 , also treated neonatally with @entity251 , were ovariectomized 15-22 days before blood sampling. Plasma @entity2338 was measured in blood samples obtained from indwelling intraatrial cannulae every 20 min for 8 h when the animals were 100-140 days old. Plasma @entity2338 secretory patterns were analyzed by a pulse analysis computer program (PULSAR). Neonatal @entity251 treatment did not affect the @entity2338 secretory pattern of female @entity35 with intact ovaries. In contrast, neonatal @entity342 treatment enhanced @entity2338 pulse height as well as mean @entity2338 concentration in neonatally ovariectomized female @entity35 to levels comparable to those in intact male @entity35 . Neonatal @entity251 administration also significantly increased @entity2338 pulse height and mean plasma @entity2338 concentration in female @entity35 that were ovariectomized during adulthood. However, the @entity2338 secretory pattern of ovariectomized female @entity35 given @entity251 neonatally still differed markedly from that of normal males, in that @entity2338 pulses occurred less regularly and baseline levels were higher. Pituitary @entity2338 content and concentration in neonatally ovariectomized female @entity35 were increased to levels indistinguishable from those in male @entity35 by neonatal @entity251 treatment. No significant effect of neonatal @entity251 was observed in sham-operated females. Neonatal ovariectomy decreased basal plasma @entity2338 levels, but did not affect plasma @entity2338 pulse height or pituitary @entity2338 levels. The serum @entity53 concentration was markedly decreased in ovariectomized female @entity35 , but was unchanged in sham-operated @entity35 given neonatal @entity251 , raising the possibility that serum @entity53 secretion mediated the antagonistic effect of the ovaries on neonatal @entity342 imprinting. These results indicate that the presence of ovaries can prevent the stimulatory effect of neonatal @entity342 exposure on @entity2338 storage and secretion in adult female @entity35 .

title: Inhibitory effect of the ovaries on neonatal @entity342 imprinting of growth hormone secretion in female XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the clinical and social correlates of a lifetime history of crime victimization among first-episode @entity716 @entity1 at entry to an Early Intervention Service and following 18 months of specialist care. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 149 individuals who presented to an Early Intervention Service for the first time with @entity716 in the London borough of Lambeth, UK. A range of demographic and clinical measures were completed including self-reported history of victimization along with the type of crime and its subjective effect on the @entity1 . Clinical and functional outcomes at 18-month follow up were ascertained from clinical case notes by a psychiatrist. RESULTS: A large proportion of @entity1 (n   =   64, 43%) reported a history of crime victimization. This was associated with significantly higher levels of @entity308 and substance misuse at initial presentation. Being a victim of a crime was not significantly associated with poorer clinical or functional outcomes after 18 months of specialist care. However, non-significant differences were found for those who reported crime victimization in terms of their increased use of illegal substances or having assaulted someone else during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Past experience of being a victim of crime appears to be common in @entity1 presenting for the first time with @entity716 and is associated with increased likelihood of comorbidity. Thus, Early Intervention Services should consider screening for past victimization and be prepared to deal with comorbid problems. The impact of crime victimization on clinical and functional outcomes requires investigation over a longer period of time.

title: Impact of crime victimization on initial presentation to an early intervention for XXXX service and 18-month outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of hormonal androgenic treatment on antim  llerian hormone ( @entity248 ) serum levels in female-to-male (FtM) transsexual @entity1 . @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is associated with elevated @entity248 levels. Some hypothesize that the high @entity248 level is a consequence of @entity342 -induced excessive development of small antral follicles. However, this role of @entity3800 is not yet clear. DESIGN: Observational, prospective, cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary academic medical center. @entity1 (S): Twenty-two FtM transsexual @entity1 , healthy native females receiving cross-sex hormone therapy/androgenic treatment. INTERVENTION(S): Androgenic treatment with @entity251 (T) and an aromatase inhibitor while endogenous hormone secretion was suppressed with the use of a GnRH agonist. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): @entity9646 concentrations were measured before and after androgenic treatment (administration of T and aromatase inhibitor). Measured hormones: @entity248 , inhibin B, T, @entity2671 , @entity2990 , E2, @entity443 , LH, and FSH. RESULT(S): @entity248 concentrations were significantly lower after androgenic treatment (4.4    4.4   g/L vs. 1.4    2.1   g/L). Androgenic treatment resulted in a strong suppression of @entity248 secretion over a relative short period of 16  weeks. CONCLUSION(S): Our data underscore the likely important role of @entity3800 in the dynamics of folliculogenesis. It challenges the idea that @entity3800 induce high @entity248 levels, which is gaining more interest nowadays as an important particular @entity3610 feature. This strong decline furthermore indicates that @entity248 must be interpreted in the context of other reproductive endocrine conditions. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NTR2493.

title: Antim  llerian hormone levels decrease in female-to-male transsexual XXXX using @entity251 as cross-sex therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the responsiveness of whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to varying heparin doses in vitro and to examine the ex vivo relationship of whole blood aPTT to plasma heparin concentration. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Surgical suites and laboratory at a tertiary center. @entity1 : Surgical @entity1 and volunteers at a tertiary center were eligible for inclusion in this study. In vitro evaluation was performed using specimens obtained from each of five, healthy volunteers. Ex vivo evaluation was performed using specimens obtained from 30 cardiac surgical @entity1 before and after systemic administration of heparin for extracorporeal circulation. INTERVENTIONS: Blood specimens were obtained from volunteers and added to syringes containing varying amounts of unfractionated porcine heparin for in vitro evaluation. For ex vivo evaluation, blood specimens were obtained from @entity1 before and after systemic administration of 20 U/kg of heparin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For the in vitro evaluation, specimens were divided into two aliquots after mixing with varying amounts of unfractionated porcine heparin. One aliquot was used to measure whole blood aPTT using a whole @entity1003 monitor immediately after blood collection and 3 mins later, and a second aliquot was used to determine plasma aPTT with a conventional, laboratory-based assay. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a high correlation (r = .94; r2 = .88) between aPTT assay systems and bias analysis demonstrated a mean aPTT measurement difference of 1.6 secs with +/- 2 SD limits of -15 to +18.2 secs. As indicated by comparable regression slopes, the in vitro aPTT responsiveness to increasing heparin concentration was similar with the two assay systems among individual subjects. Whole blood aPTT measurements after 3 mins of blood specimen storage were similar to immediate measurements. For ex vivo evaluation, blood specimens obtained from @entity1 before and after systemic administration of heparin were divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was used to measure whole blood aPTT in duplicate and a second aliquot was used to measure plasma heparin concentration with an antifactor X active chromogenic assay. A high correlation (r = .89; r2 = .79) between whole blood aPTT and plasma heparin concentration was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Heparin responsiveness of whole blood aPTT, measured with a portable whole @entity1003 monitor, is similar to that of conventional laboratory aPTT over a clinically relevant range of heparin concentrations in vitro and ex vivo. On-site whole blood aPTT measurements should be useful in clinical situations requiring rapid aPTT results.

title: Effect of heparin on whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time using a portable, whole XXXX monitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

answer: @entity1003 :: (MESH:D001778,Disease) :: ['blood coagulation']


abstract: Oral administration of @entity8561 has been reported to prevent gut disease in @entity1 @entity1 . However, little is known about the effects of dietary @entity369 supplementation on intestinal development of weaned piglets. In the present study, twenty 21-d-old castrated piglets with 5  3 (SEM 0  13) kg body weight (BW) were weaned from sows, individually housed and randomly assigned to one of the two @entity2829 - and soyabean meal-based diets supplemented with 0 or 1% @entity8561 . After consuming the diets for 7 d, six @entity1707 were randomly selected from each group to obtain various tissues. Compared with control @entity1707 , dietary supplementation with 1% @entity8561 did not affect feed intake but enhanced (P<0  05) the relative weight of the small intestine (+33 %), daily BW gain (+38 %) and feed efficiency (+28 %). The villus height of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum in @entity369 -supplemented piglets was 21, 28 and 25% greater (P<0  05) than in the nonsupplemented control group. @entity369 supplementation increased (P<0  05) protein levels for vascular endothelial growth factor( @entity17980 ) in duodenal, jejunal and ileal mucosae by 14, 39 and 35 %, respectively. Compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with 1% @entity8561 increased (P<0  05) plasma concentrations of @entity369 and insulin (+36 %), and decreased (P<0  05) plasma concentrations of @entity701 (233 %), @entity3655 (221 %) and @entity1133 (219 %). These results indicate that @entity369 supplementation enhances intestinal growth, development and expression of @entity17980 in early-weaned @entity1707 fed a @entity2829 - and soyabean meal-based diet. The findings may have important implications for neonatal @entity1707 under stressful or diseased conditions.

title: Dietary XXXX supplementation enhances intestinal development and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in weanling piglets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine', 'Arginine']

answer: @entity8561 :: (D001120,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and radiological manifestations of primary @entity358 in order to improve the diagnosis of this rare disease. METHODS: Seven cases of primary @entity358 which was confirmed by pathology of surgical specimens were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Three cases were benign (1 of pulmonary parenchymal origin and 2 of bronchial origin) and 4 were malignant (3 of pulmonary parenchymal origin and 1 of bronchial origin). There were four male and three female @entity1 , age ranging from 31 to 74 years. All the 7 cases had chest X-ray films and 6 cases had chest CT examinations. The major complains included slight hemoptysis, cough, fever, @entity662 and @entity1353 . Bronchoscopy showed @entity5 in 3 cases and partial stenosis of bronchus in 2 cases. Radiology showed nodules in the left main bronchus in 2 cases. Solitary mass was found in 4 cases and multiple masses (2 lesions) were found in one @entity1 . The margin of the lesions was smooth in 3 cases (one malignant and two benign) and irregular in another three cases (all malignant). Chest CT showed reticular enhancement in one case (benign), heterogeneous enhancement in 4 cases (3 malignant and 1 benign), and peripheral enhancement with a large central hypodense area in one case (malignant). Compression of the @entity825 and ribs was prominent in 2 @entity1 . @entity1143 and blood vessel infiltration were evident in 3 @entity1 with @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Primary @entity358 is rare. The symptoms and CT manifestations are nonspecific. The size and the density of the @entity5 are not helpful in differentiating @entity5 from the benign one. Marginal irregularity and invasion of adjacent structures are suggestive of @entity5 .

title: [Primary XXXX : clinical analysis of 7 cases and review of the literature].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'bronchial tumors', 'malignant schwannoma', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary schwannoma']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary schwannoma']


abstract: RATIONALE: Cross-species quantification of physiological behavior enables a better understanding of the biological systems underlying @entity146 such as @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Cardinal symptoms of @entity162 include increased motor activity and goal-directed behavior, thought to be related to increased @entity5733 activity, potentially selective to @entity935 homeostatic dysregulation. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to test whether acute administration of @entity4944 , a @entity1063 / @entity935 transporter inhibitor and @entity935 releaser, would replicate the profile of activity and exploration observed in both @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity19 models of @entity162 . METHODS: Healthy volunteers with no @entity146 history were randomized to a one-time dose of placebo (n   =   25), 10  mg @entity2254 (n   =   18), or 20  mg @entity4944 (n   =   23). Eighty @entity19 were administered one of four doses of @entity2254 or vehicle. @entity1 and @entity19 were tested in the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM), which quantifies motor activity, exploratory behavior, and spatial patterns of behavior. RESULTS: In @entity1 , the 20-mg dose of @entity4944 increased motor activity as measured by acceleration without marked effects on exploration or spatial patterns of activity. In @entity19 , @entity4944 increased activity, decreased specific exploration, and caused straighter, one-dimensional movements in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with @entity19 , @entity4944 increased motoric activity in @entity1 without increasing exploration. Given that @entity162 @entity1 exhibit heightened exploration, these data further emphasize the limitation of @entity4944 -induced @entity2915 as a suitable model for @entity162 . Further, these studies highlight the utility of cross-species physiological paradigms in validating biological mechanisms of @entity146 .

title: XXXX increases activity but not exploration in @entity1 and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD', 'manic BD', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric diseases', 'neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity4944 :: (MESH:D000661,Chemical) :: ['Amphetamine']


abstract: @entity28 prevention has emerged as one of public health's top priorities. Public health agencies need reliable data on population health status to guide prevention efforts. Existing survey data sources provide county-level estimates; obtaining sub-county estimates from survey data can be prohibitively expensive. State-issued identification cards are an alternate data source for community-level @entity28 estimates. We computed body mass index for 3.2 million adult Oregonians who were issued a driver license or identification card between 2003 and 2010. Statewide estimates of @entity28 prevalence and average body mass index were compared to the Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). After geocoding addresses we calculated average adult body mass index for every census tract and block group in the state. Sub-county estimates reveal striking patterns in the population's weight status. Annual @entity28 prevalence estimates from identification cards averaged 18% lower than the BRFSS for @entity1 and 31% lower for @entity1 . Body mass index estimates averaged 2% lower than the BRFSS for @entity1 and 5% lower for @entity1 . Identification card records are a promising data source to augment tracking of @entity28 . @entity1 do tend to misrepresent their weight, but the consistent bias does not obscure patterns and trends. Large numbers of records allow for stable estimates for small geographic areas.

title: Using state-issued identification cards for XXXX tracking.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'People', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: High-resolution magic angle spinning proton (HRMAS 1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy produces well-resolved spectra of metabolites from intact tissue specimens. Here we report the results of a preliminary study of 19 @entity1 @entity1313 obtained by applying this method. Among these 19 cases were 2 low-grade @entity816 , 1 @entity816 , 8 @entity463 , 6 @entity1653 , and 2 @entity808 . In addition, autopsy @entity1 brain tissues from two subjects without any known @entity16 were used as normal controls. The HRMAS 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements were performed at 2 degrees C on a 400-MHz NMR spectrometer with a HRMAS speed of 2.5 kHz. From these HRMAS 1H MR spectra, we measured the concentrations of 11 metabolites, the ratios of 15 metabolites (resonances) to @entity908 (at 3.03 ppm), and the spin-spin relaxation time for these metabolites (resonances). Our results indicate that these parameters have the potential to characterize @entity5 types and grades with statistical significance as well as identify @entity5 biochemical characteristics. In particular, we found that compared with metabolite concentrations and metabolite spin-spin relaxation time, the metabolic ratios presented the highest sensitivity in differentiating normal tissue from @entity5 , as well as in distinguishing between @entity5 groups. Of 15 analyzed metabolic ratios, 12 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from low-grade and @entity816 , 13 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity463 , 14 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity808 , and 9 showed statistical significance in differentiating normal tissue from @entity1653 . Moreover, our results strongly indicate that the resonance ratio of @entity8580 (at 4.05 ppm) to @entity908 may help distinguish @entity5 type. Our results suggest that the HRMAS method for intact tissue measurement may function as an adjunct to histopathology and contribute to improved accuracy for @entity1313 diagnoses.

title: Correlation of high-resolution magic angle spinning proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with histopathology of intact XXXX @entity1313 specimens.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity8580 :: ('MESH:D007294', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytomas', 'anaplastic astrocytoma', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: A potential complication in @entity1 after @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) is @entity458 and reduced fertility. The aim was to evaluate sexual function and fertility after @entity4628 . METHODS: All female @entity1 who underwent an @entity4628 between 2004 and 2013 were retrospectively included. Sexual function, fertility, and continence were explored by the female sexual function index (FSFI), telephonic interview, and Wexner's score. RESULTS: Among 127 @entity1 included, 93 responded to the questionnaires (73.2  %). Seventy five were sexually active, and 48 (64  %) had normal sexual function (FSFI   >   26). In univariate analysis, there was a significant relationship between @entity31 (p   =   0.0161), age   >   40  years (p   =   0.01311), number of bowel movements (p   =   0.0238), nocturnal pouch activity (p   =   0.0094), use of @entity3062 (p   =   0.0283), and existence of @entity250 . After multivariate analysis, age and nocturnal pouch activity were associated with a worse sexual function (p   =   0.0235, OR   =   3.3 (1.2-9.9) and p   =   0.0094, OR   =   4.1 (1.4-13.5)). Of 16 @entity1 who wished to have @entity1 , 10 (63  %) became pregnant without recourse to in vitro fertilization, of whom 3 had two or more pregnancies. In total, there were 13 @entity1 born after @entity4628 . The mean time between the first pregnancy and surgery was 24.8        22  months. At 12 and 24  months after cessation of contraception, 57 and 67  % had at least one pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: While sexual function is impaired in a limited number of @entity1 , the impact of surgery can be regarded as modest. Age and nocturnal pouch activity were some independent factors of worse sexual function. The risk of @entity249 should not preclude consideration of @entity4628 as a treatment option.

title: Female sexual function and fertility after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch-anal anastomosis', 'IPAA']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3062 :: ('MESH:D008139', 'Chemical') :: ['loperamide']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity4628 :: (MESH:D007077,Disease) :: ['ileal pouch-anal anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression, contribution and regulation of predominant inflammatory cytokines in the inflammation process of in a @entity19 model of keratomycosis. METHODS: It was an experimental study. Two hundred forty inbred BALB/c @entity19 were randomly divided into four groups (injury control group, @entity10437 infected group, A. fumigatus infected group and @entity5132 infected group) and establishment @entity364 was performed. At 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after @entity281 , the photographs of their corneas were taken using the slit lamp and the digital camera system. The presence of inflammatory cells and fungal hyphae were observed by HE and PAS staining. Four inflammatory cytokines in infectious corneas, including @entity9701 , KC, @entity635 , and @entity777 , were detected respectively for expression of mRNA and protein levels, using RT-PCR and ELISA. One-way ANOVA was used to test the comparisons of the clinical scoring, RT-PCR, and ELISA, and LSD was used to test multiple comparisons. RESULTS: The course and inflammatory reaction of corneal tissue in all infected group increased at day 3 and 5 and gradually decreased after day 7 with time. The RT-PCR results showed, the mRNA expression levels of @entity9701 and @entity635 were the highest in A. fumigatus infected group, and the expression levels of KC was the highest in @entity5132 infected group. Additionally, the expression levels of @entity777 were found to be the highest in @entity10437 infected group. The mRNA expression levels of @entity635 and KC in each experimental group were higher than those of @entity777 and @entity9701 . The peak expression levels of @entity9701 , KC, and @entity635 occurred at day 5, day 1, and day 3 in @entity10437 infected group, A. fumigatus infected group and @entity5132 infected group, respectively. However, the peak expression level of @entity777 occurred at day 1 and 7, day 1 and 7, and day 1 and 5 in the @entity10437 , A. fumigatus, and @entity5132 groups, respectively. The difference of mRNA expression of each cytokine had statistically significant between each groups ( @entity9701 : F = 1675.339, P < 0.01; KC: F = 730.267, P < 0.01; @entity635 : F = 297.106, P < 0.01; @entity777 : F = 174.513, P < 0.01). The protein expression levels of the four cytokines in the infected groups from high to low in turn were @entity635 , @entity9701 , KC and @entity777 . The trend of protein expression of the four cytokines at each time point was the same as the cytokine mRNA expression in different experimental groups as well as within the same group. The difference of protein expression of each cytokine had statistically significant between each groups ( @entity9701 : F = 2871.736, P < 0.01; KC:F = 886.598, P < 0.01; @entity635 : F = 3595.488, P < 0.01; @entity777 : F = 89.225, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The expression levels of @entity9701 , KC and @entity635 are closely related to the performance of the disease severity and inflammatory reaction of FK. The expression of @entity9701 and @entity635 may play important role in the pathogenesis of FK.

title: [Expression of inflammatory cytokines in a XXXX model of keratomycosis].

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']