abstract: UNASSIGNED: Irradiation in conjunction with gene therapy is considered for efficient @entity5 treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), due to their irradiation-promotable @entity5 tropism, are ideal delivery vehicles for gene therapy. In this study, we investigated whether treatment with radiation and interleukin (IL)-12-expressing MSCs (MSCs/IL-12) exerts improved antitumor effects on @entity19 metastatic @entity157 . HCa-I and Hepa 1-6 cells were utilized to generate heterotopic @entity19 @entity157 models. Tumor-bearing @entity19 were treated with irradiation or MSCs/IL-12 alone, or a combination. @entity1750 ( @entity1750 / @entity1750 ) expression was assessed in irradiated @entity157 tissues to confirm a chemotactic effect. Combination treatment strategies were established and their therapeutic efficacies were evaluated by monitoring @entity5 growth, @entity3 and survival rate. IL-12 expression was assessed and the apoptotic activity and immunological alterations in the @entity5 microenvironment were examined. @entity1750 / @entity1750 expression and localization of MSCs/IL-12 increased in the irradiated @entity19 @entity157 cells. The antitumor effects, including suppression of pulmonary @entity3 and survival rate improvements, were increased by the combination treatment with irradiation and MSCs/IL-12. IL-12 expression was increased in @entity5 cells, causing proliferation of cluster of differentiation 8(+) T-lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The apoptotic activity increased, indicating that the @entity137 of immune cells was involved in the antitumor effect of the combined treatment. Treatment with irradiation and MSCs/IL-12 showed effectiveness in treating @entity19 metastatic @entity157 . IL-12-induced proliferation of immune cells played an important role in apoptosis of @entity5 cells. Our results suggest that treatment with irradiation and MSCs/IL-12 may be a useful strategy for enhancing antitumor activity in metastatic @entity157 .

title: Irradiation-induced localization of IL-12-expressing mesenchymal stem cells to enhance the curative effect in @entity19 metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'CCL2', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: The present study assessed the influence of shortening the overall treatment time (accelerated fractionation) on radiation injury of the small intestine. A @entity35 model which allowed repeated irradiation of a localized segment of small intestine was developed. Young adult male @entity35 were orchiectomized, and a loop of the distal ileum was transposed to the left part of the scrotum. The intestinal segment was irradiated with a total dose of 56 Gy, given in 20 fractions, the total treatment time being either 26, 12, or 7 days (i.e. 1, 2, or 3 fractions per day). @entity1161 was assessed by histopathologic examination at 6 hr and at 2 weeks after the last irradiation. The surgical procedure was without complications. Shortening the overall treatment time by giving more than one radiation dose per day resulted in markedly @entity130 both at 6 hr and at 2 weeks. It is concluded that accelerated fractionation results in @entity1161 of the intestine when compared with standard fractionation. Because there may be a relationship between early and late effects in the intestine, our results also indicate that @entity1161 may result from accelerated fractionation.

title: Effects of accelerated fractionation on radiation injury of the small intestine: a new XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['increased injury']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['increased radiation injury', 'increased late radiation enteropathy', 'Radiation injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The extensibility of the pulmonary artery (PA) were examined using a combined hemodynamic and ultrasonic technique in 14 @entity1 with @entity118 ( @entity118 ), three with @entity118 and @entity120 ( @entity120 ), 17 with @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) and 11 with @entity1757 and @entity120 . Seven @entity1 with neither intracardiac shunt nor @entity120 served as controls. The tension (T) of PA was measured as the product of the pressure and the diameter (D) and was found to be high in the @entity1 with intracardiac shunt. The resting diameter of PA (D0) was calculated as the intersect with the D axis in the regression line of PA tension-diameter relation. The Lagrangian strain of PA [(D--D0)/D0] was obtained using D0 and correlated with T yielding a linear regression equation. The elastic modulus (E) was obtained as the slope of this equation. E in the @entity1 with @entity118 [(1.0 +/- 0.5) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or @entity1757 [(9.8 +/- 4.6) x 10(4) dynes/cm] were slightly higher than that of the control [(6.7 +/- 2.9) x 10(4) dynes/cm], but these differences were not statistically significant. However, E in the @entity1 with @entity118 and @entity120 [(2.5 +/- 1.3) x 10(5) dynes/cm] or in the @entity1 with @entity1757 and @entity120 [(2.6 +/- 0.9) x 10(5) dynes/cm] were significantly higher than the control. E seemed unlikely to be causally related to the resistance of PA capillary beds, and was suggested to be influenced by the histological changes of the pulmonary trunk. It was concluded that the extensibility of PA in the @entity1 with @entity118 or @entity1757 was not altered secondary to the increased blood flow unless @entity120 was associated.

title: Pulmonary arterial extensibility in XXXX with intracardiac left to right shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective study was to compare the outcomes of @entity3330 treated by the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in multiply injured and isolated @entity174 cases. METHODS: This study comprised 26 @entity1 (16 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ), who had 27 @entity3330 . @entity1 were divided into two groups; @entity1230 (group I) or isolated @entity3330 (group II). The average Injury Severity Score of group I was 26.7. Operations were performed according to biological fixation principles in a submuscular manner. No bone grafting was performed to enhance the healing. The cases were evaluated based on the criteria of Schatzker-Lambert and the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 25.8 months. Union was achieved in all cases. Two @entity1 in group I required d  bridement procedures due to @entity281 . One of them healed completely but the other did not. The average range of knee motion of groups I and II at the last control were 112.8 degrees and 121.8 degrees , respectively. The mean modified HSS scores were 73.9 and 79.9, respectively. There was no significant difference in the HSS scores or the range of knee motion. The time to full weight bearing was longer in group I owing to the concomitant injuries. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that @entity3 is a useful method for comminuted supracondylar fractures with @entity1230 @entity1 as the results showed no significant differences when compared with those of @entity1 with isolated @entity3330 .

title: Successful results of minimally invasive surgery for comminuted supracondylar @entity3330 with XXXX : comparative study of multiply injured and isolated @entity3330 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma', 'multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['LISS', 'Less Invasive Stabilization System']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['distal femoral fracture', 'femoral fractures', 'distal femoral fractures']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['LISS']


abstract: Abstract Context: Smoke @entity130 is the main cause of fatalities for fire victims. Understanding in the pathophysiology of the injury has not been fully explored in recent years. To further explore the pathophysiological mechanism, a dynamic and controllable animal model is necessary. OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity35 model of @entity9927 to simulate @entity1 victims in air-restricted vehicle cabin fires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Smoke concentration, including CO, O2, VOCs and smoke temperature under different combustion conditions, were detected. Levels of COHb, respiratory function, lung wet-to-dry weight ratio and protein concentration in BALF and blood were measured. Pathological evaluations of lung in tissues were conducted at 1, 6, 24 and 48   h post-exposure. RESULTS: Smoke concentration rose with the increase of combustion temperature and decrease of @entity26 flow. Further, 215 kinds of VOCs in the smoke were detected, and the concentrations of @entity7935 , @entity71769 , @entity18008 , @entity36453 , @entity71770 and @entity71771 was 32.93, 402.06, 764.03, 113.73, 1006.61 and 89.28   mg/m(3), respectively. Significant @entity519 and @entity4968 occurred in @entity35 . The FCOHb after exposure for 14   min immediately rose to (44.2        12.3) % and then gradually decrease to a normal level at 300   min post-exposure. At 24   h post-exposure, Penh increased significantly (p   <   0.05), and high pulmonary vascular permeability and significant @entity4 (p   <   0.05) were observed in the smoke inhalation group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In summary, the novel @entity35 model of @entity9927 system used in the study is dynamic and controllable, and appropriate for use in @entity9927 studies of air-restricted cabins in vehicles.

title: A dynamic smoke generation and nose-only inhalation exposure system for XXXX : preliminary results from studies of selected transportation materials.

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['lung edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['CO poisoning']

entities_list: @entity9927 :: ('MESH:D015208', 'Disease') :: ['smoke inhalation injury']

entities_list: @entity71769 :: ('CHEBI:17578', 'Chemical') :: ['methylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemia']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity71771 :: ('CHEBI:38641', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity71770 :: ('CHEBI:27452', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylethylene']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury']

entities_list: @entity36453 :: ('CHEBI:27338', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylbenzene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess both the possible complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) in @entity5 @entity1 and its effect on weight development. The medical records of 18 @entity1 with a median age of 2.5 years (range, 0.5-14.2 years) were reviewed. The diagnoses were @entity1778 , @entity1221 , @entity5 , and @entity706 . The indications for @entity970 were anticipated therapy-related nutritional problems and inadequate food intake, weight loss, swallowing problems in relation to paresis of the pharynx, and relapse of the disease. Ten @entity1 received a @entity970 at treatment start, and eight @entity1 received it at a median time of 3.4 months (range, 0.9-27.4 months) after treatment start. The median duration of having a @entity970 in place was 12.3 months (range, 1.2-24.0 months). At admission the median weight for age expressed as standard deviation (SD) was -0.11 (range, -2.78-2.68). There was a significant (p =.005) decrease in the median SD from admission until @entity970 installation. There was also a significant increase in the median SD from the start of @entity970 use until 1 (p =.04) and 2 (p =.039) months after start. The most common complications were @entity2749 of @entity32 of the @entity970 site, which were successfully treated with topically or orally administered antibiotics, and @entity2749 of @entity281 , which required intravenously administered antibiotics. Taking into consideration the medical condition of the @entity1 in the study group and the considerable length of time with a @entity970 in place, we believe that nutrition via @entity970 in @entity1 with @entity5 has several advantages and is rarely associated with other than minor complications.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in XXXX with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The gonococcal @entity69 receptor is composed of two distinct proteins, @entity20117 and TbpB. @entity20117 is a member of the TonB-dependent family of integral outer membrane transporters, while TbpB is lipid modified and thought to be peripherally surface exposed. We previously proposed a hypothetical topology model for gonococcal @entity20117 that was based upon computer predictions and similarity with other TonB-dependent transporters for which crystal structures have been determined. In the present study, the hemagglutinin epitope was inserted into @entity20117 to probe the surface topology of this protein and secondarily to test the functional impacts of site-specific mutagenesis. Twelve epitope insertion mutants were constructed, five of which allowed us to confirm the surface exposure of loops 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10. In contrast to the predictions set forth by the hypothetical model, insertion into the plug region resulted in an epitope that was surface accessible, while epitope insertions into two putative loops (9 and 11) were not surface accessible. Insertions into putative loop 3 and beta strand 9 abolished @entity69 binding and utilization, and the plug insertion mutant exhibited decreased @entity69 -binding affinity concomitant with an inability to utilize it. Insertion into putative beta strand 16 generated a mutant that was able to bind @entity69 normally but that was unable to mediate utilization. Mutants with insertions into putative loops 2, 9, and 11 maintained wild-type binding affinity but could utilize only @entity69 in the presence of TbpB. This is the first demonstration of the ability of TbpB to compensate for a mutation in @entity20117 .

title: Determination of surface-exposed, functional domains of gonococcal XXXX -binding protein A.

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: Purpose. @entity650 ( @entity650 ) plays a crucial role in both adaptive and innate immunity. The @entity15147 gene polymorphism of @entity650 is associated with various @entity792 , like @entity15 . Methods. 134 @entity1 with @entity1530 positive @entity5502 , 84 @entity1 with intermediate @entity1596 , 132 controls, and 65 @entity1530 positive controls were recruited for the present case-control study. Main outcome measures were genotype distribution and allelic frequencies determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The frequency of carriers of the minor allele for @entity15147 was significantly higher in @entity1 with intermediate @entity1596 compared to controls (p = 0.04; OR: 1.46; CI: 1.02-2.11). Frequencies of the minor allele for @entity15147 did not differ significantly in @entity1 with @entity1530 associated @entity1596 when compared to controls (p > 0.05). Conclusion. These findings further deepen our understanding of the commonality between @entity15 and intermediate @entity1596 . Given the functionality of the investigated polymorphism, new pathophysiological insights are gained that help to evaluate possible therapeutic targets.

title: Analysis of a Functional @entity650 Gene Polymorphism in @entity1530 Associated and Intermediate @entity1596 Gives New Insight in Disease Pathogenesis and Commonality with Other XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune Diseases']


abstract: One hundred and forty-two consecutive @entity1 with unexplained @entity662 and normal coronary arteries were followed up for a mean period of 49.3 +/- 13.1 months. No @entity204 and one @entity583 occurred. Half of the @entity1 were @entity158 -free at follow-up. A definite relationship between persistence of @entity158 and duration of @entity158 history and a positive response to @entity1242 before coronary arteriography were found. @entity1 with persistent @entity158 were more frequently hospitalized for @entity66 , underwent more surgical interventions and took more often noncardiac medication. Rehospitalizations for acute @entity662 were infrequent. Two thirds of the @entity1 resumed their normal activities. Younger age, disappearance of @entity158 , type of occupation, and a shorter duration of the @entity158 history favored return to work. Nonactive @entity1 presented more intercurrent noncardiac, medical and surgical pathology. The findings in @entity1 with a previous @entity583 were similar to those of the group with only @entity662 .

title: Unexplained XXXX with normal coronary arteriograms. A follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['noncardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the prognostic power of intra-tumoural and gradient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion metrics in @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity463 who had undergone preoperative diffusion tensor imaging at 3  T were included. @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) and @entity1893 gradient maps were computed. Regions of interest were analysed to determine the minimum @entity1893 within the enhancing @entity5 (minMD). @entity1893 gradients were calculated along the enhancing @entity5 boundary and subjected to histogram analysis. @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) were derived and survival analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 31 deaths and 37 @entity1 progressed during the study period. Multivariate survival analysis, controlling for treatment and gender, showed that minMD values<6.1*10(-4)  mm(2)/s predicted shorter @entity1349 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.82, 1.25-6.34; p=0.012) and @entity1054 (HR=5.43, 1.96-15.05; p=0.001). Higher @entity1893 gradient values of the @entity5 boundary predicted shorter survival: @entity1893 gradient values >4.7*10(-5)  mm(2)/s (10(th) centile) had a significantly shorter @entity1349 with a HR of 0.43 (0.19-0.96; p=0.04). Similarly, a value above 1.4*10(-4) mm(2)/s (75(th) centile) was a significant predictor for shorter @entity1349 (HR=0.39, 0.17-0.89; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lower minMD and higher @entity1893 gradient values for the 10(th) and 75(th) percentile of the @entity5 boundary demonstrated prognostic value in preoperative @entity463 . This suggests that MRI diffusion metrics indicative of higher focal cellularity and steeper transition from high cellular @entity5 edge to low cellular @entity4 define @entity146 subtypes with a poorer prognosis.

title: Magnetic resonance diffusion metrics indexing high focal cellularity and sharp transition at the @entity5 boundary predict poor outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['Mean diffusivity', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5 @entity1 have impaired humoral and cellular immunity, and are more susceptible to @entity281 ; their immunological response is expected to be less effective than that of healthy @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the immune response to @entity683 vaccine in terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 in a home palliative care unit. METHODS: During the fall of 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007, terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 treated by our home palliative care unit were vaccinated against @entity683 with Vaxigrip(  ). Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination. Influenza immunological response parameters accepted in the literature were calculated. RESULTS: Eighteen terminal @entity5 @entity1 were vaccinated against @entity683 strains predicted for that year; 13 completed the study. The other five @entity1 died within less than a month from the time of vaccination. The serum protection rate increased from 15.4% before to 61.5% after vaccination, and the serum response rate was 53.8% for all the three strains of vaccination. Mean-fold increase was 24.9 for @entity683 , 15.4 for @entity683 , and 2.8 for @entity683 B. Geometric mean titer was increased for @entity683 from 8.3 before vaccination to 159.4 after vaccination; for @entity683 from 5.2 to 124.3, and for @entity683 B from 5.7 to 44.6. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that @entity683 vaccination is probably effective and can be offered to terminally ill @entity5 @entity1 with a life expectancy of about three months in a home care palliative care unit.

title: Influenza vaccination for terminally ill XXXX @entity1 receiving palliative care: a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A-H3N2', 'influenza A-H1N1']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous valvotomy is an alternative therapy to surgery in newborns with critical @entity472 . However, the retrograde technique commonly used has significant morbidity and mortality. We decided to introduce anterograde percutaneous aortic valvotomy in newborns in a Pediatric Cardiology Unit and assess the immediate and follow-up results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July and December 2000, three newborns with critical @entity472 underwent transcatheter anterograde valvotomy. All were in mechanical ventilation and dissociative anesthesia; vascular access was through puncture of the right femoral vein. An end-hole catheter was advanced, via the foramen ovale, to the left ventricle; a guide wire was placed in the ascending aorta; the end-hole catheter was then exchanged for a coronary balloon catheter and the aortic valve was predilated; afterwards, other low profile balloon catheters were advanced but the largest balloon never exceeded 95% of the aortic annulus diameter, previously measured by 2D echo and angiography. Data of the pre- and post-dilatation left ventricular pressures were registered; aortic valve function in the follow-up period was monitored by Doppler. RESULTS: Transaortic gradients decreased after the procedure in all three @entity1 ; no @entity337 was detected. No morbidity or mortality was associated with the technique. In the follow-up period, all the @entity1 remained in class I NYHA; the echocardiogram revealed a significant aortic gradient in one @entity1 with a small aortic annulus and mild @entity337 in another @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Anterograde percutaneous valvotomy in newborns with critical @entity850 is a useful technique and overcomes the problems associated with surgery and the retrograde technique: it should be more widely used.

title: Anterograde balloon dilatation in neonatal critical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['aortic stenosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: Following the 2009 pandemic, reports of an association between an AS03 adjuvanted H1N1 pandemic @entity683 vaccine and @entity2724 were published. Besides determining background incidence rates for @entity2724 in Germany this study aimed at investigating whether there was a change in incidence rates of @entity2724 between the pre-pandemic, pandemic, and the post-pandemic period on the population level. DESIGN: Retrospective epidemiological study on the incidence of @entity2724 with additional capture-recapture analysis. SETTING: German sleep centers. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Eligible were @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity2724 (ICD10 Code G47.4) within the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2011. INTERVENTIONS: None; observational study. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: A total of 342 sleep centers were invited to participate in the study. Adequate and suitable data were provided by 233 sleep centers (68.1%). A total of 1,198 @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity2724 within the observed period were included, of whom 106 (8.8%) were @entity1 and adolescents under the age of 18 years and 1,092 (91.2%) were adults. In @entity1 and adolescents, the age-standardized adjusted incidence rate significantly increased from 0.14/100,000 @entity1 -years in the pre-pandemic period to 0.50/100,000 @entity1 -years in the post-pandemic period (incidence density ratio, IDR 3.57; 95% CI 1.94-7.00). In adults, no significant change was detectable. This increase started in spring 2009. CONCLUSIONS: For the years 2007-2011, valid estimates for the incidence of @entity2724 in Germany were provided. In individuals under 18, the incidence rates continuously increased from spring 2009.

title: Incidence of XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1278 are considered to be the most serious @entity1277 in female adolescents, with a multifactorial etiology and severe medical complications. It is interesting to investigate the specific relationships of these @entity66 , coping mechanisms and biofeedback mitigation. METHODS: The study comprised 76 @entity28 and 27 anorectic @entity1 , as well as 35 healthy @entity1 as a control group. Psychological assessment was performed using the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Emotional Profile Index, General Anxiety Scale, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and Cornell Medical Index. The therapy was multimodal, including a biofeedback relaxation system based on electrodermal response (EDR). RESULTS: Scores obtained from psychometric instruments, in particular concerning basic @entity148 , intrafamily conflicts, self-defense and @entity308 , showed that @entity1278 and @entity7298 are specifically stress related. Personality characteristics and the environment, as models for habits, modified the manner of coping with stress differently for @entity448 and @entity7298 . The EDR biofeedback was shown to be an effective support for mitigation of @entity1277 in preadolescents, with better results for anorectic @entity1 . The correlated difference in personality profiles suggested the use of specific animated sequences. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirmed the hypothesis that @entity28 could be related to different @entity1642 and coping mechanisms, and accordingly be differently mediated by biofeedback technique.

title: Psychological characteristics and biofeedback mitigation in preadolescents with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diseases to emotional stress']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity and anorexia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'Anorexia and bulimia nervosa']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['types of emotional stress']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['eating disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the association between @entity730 ( @entity730 ) and @entity729 ( @entity729 ) assessed by coronary artery @entity460 -scoring dual-source computed tomography (DSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 143 consecutive @entity1 who underwent coronary artery @entity460 -scoring during coronary DSCT angiography. 57 @entity1 had findings of @entity730 on @entity460 -scoring scans. @entity730 volume (ARCV) and Agatston coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) were calculated. Chi-square test was used to assess differences of categorical variables between @entity1 with and without @entity730 . Statistical significances between both groups were assessed with the independent-Sample t test. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 without @entity730 (n=86), @entity1 with @entity730 (n=57) showed a significantly higher presence of @entity729 (87.7% vs. 24.4%; P<0.001), and a higher mean CACS (700.6  941.2 vs. 256.4  724.3; P=0.009) in @entity1 with @entity729 . @entity1 with a calculated ARCV >40mm(3) (n=32) showed significantly higher rates of severe @entity729 (56.3% vs. 24.0%; P=0.014) compared with @entity1 with an ARCV<40mm(3) (n=25). Compared with @entity1 without @entity729 (n=42), @entity1 with @entity729 (n=101) showed a significantly higher presence of @entity730 (83.3% vs. 50.5%; P<0.001) and a higher mean ARCV (95.4  116.2mm(3) vs. 29.7  33.0 mm(3); P=0.003). Severe @entity729 (n=24) correlated with an increased mean ARCV (122.3  148.8mm(3)) compared to @entity1 with minimal to moderate @entity729 (n=33, mean ARCV: 61.9  64.8mm(3); P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of @entity730 is directly associated with the presence and degree of @entity729 on @entity460 -scoring scans during coronary DSCT angiography.

title: Association of @entity730 severity with the extent of @entity729 assessed by XXXX -scoring dual-source computed tomography.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root calcification', 'ARC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification', 'CAC']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity2348 in myocardium may lead to the @entity296 , which may progress to @entity384 and @entity1167 . @entity796 has been reported to cause @entity2401 and other @entity281 especially in immunocompromised @entity1 . To understand the cellular responses during the establishment of @entity281 in myocardium, we challenged differentiated H9C2 cells with @entity5175 . We also did comparison studies with infected undifferentiated form of H9C2 cells. Invasion studies revealed that @entity5175 can invade both forms of cells and is able to survive and replicate within the host. Internalization of @entity5175 was confirmed by live cell imaging and flow cytometry analysis. Though invasion of the pathogen triggered an increased ROS production in the host cells at earlier post- @entity281 periods, it was decreased at later post- @entity281 periods. Invasion of @entity5175 induced cell @entity204 through apoptosis in differentiated H9C2 cells. Significant decrease in cell size, formation of polarized mitochondria, and nuclear fragmentation were observed in the infected differentiated cells. On the contrary, cell @entity204 preceded by multinucleation was observed in infected undifferentiated H9C2 cells. Morphological markers such as multinuclei and micro nuclei were observed. Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase corroborates that the undifferentiated H9C2 cells experienced cell @entity204 preceded by multinucleation.

title: XXXX induces distinct cell @entity204 mechanisms in H9C2 cells and its differentiated form.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial damage']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

answer: @entity5175 :: (208964,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1']


abstract: In this study, @entity11898 was used as a model of @entity11898 and the pathogenesis of the @entity56515 of @entity11898 was investigated. @entity11898 was induced in @entity35 fetuses by a single oral administration of myleran to pregnant @entity35 on day 10 of pregnancy. The dose of myleran administered was 40 mg/kg of body weight. In order to observe the process of formation of the foot plates and digital rays of @entity11898 , histological examination was done. The period of development studied was from day 12 to 16 of pregnancy. A series of fetuses was surgically removed from their mothers at 12 hours' interval. Histological examinations of the hind limbbuds and foot plates were performed quantitatively. The formation of hind limbbuds was detected on day 12 in myleran treated group as in control group. The formation of digital rays in the myleran treated group was initially observed on day 14.5, 12 hours later than control. The size of hind limbbuds and the density of mesenchymal cells in hind limbbuds treated by myleran was smaller than control and the @entity509 of the limbbuds was maximum on day 14. The shape of foot plates treated by myleran was asymmetrical compared with the symmetrical limbbuds in controls. Concerning @entity3145 in limbbuds, dead cells of ectoderm were distributed on the top of the limbbuds on day 12 and they disappeared 24 hours later. On the other hand, dead cells of mesenchyme were scattered in hind limbbuds on day 12.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Histological analysis of myleran induced XXXX of longitudinal deficiency in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['tibial ray deficiency', 'longitudinal ray deficiency', 'Tibial ray deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity56515 :: ('MESH:C535688', 'Disease') :: ['oligodactyly']

answer: @entity56515 :: (MESH:C535688,Disease) :: ['oligodactyly']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful transcatheter closure of @entity118 ( @entity118 ) requires the accurate assessment of defect size and morphology. Assessment of @entity2438 anatomy may be difficult by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that real-time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) may provide more accurate morphologic assessment of @entity118 than multiplane 2D TEE. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with @entity118 were imaged using 2D and real-time 3D TEE. @entity2438 shape and size were assessed using 3D TEE retrospectively. Maximal @entity2438 dimensions obtained by 3D TEE were compared with unstretched and balloon-stretched dimensions on 2D TEE. Planimetered defect area by 3D TEE was compared with area calculated using the @entity7085 formula from 2D imaging. Twenty of the 24 @entity1 underwent transcatheter @entity2438 closure. Closure device size was based on findings on 2D TEE. Follow-up was conducted by 2D transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity118 , 6 (25%) were circular, 10 (42%) were oval, and 8 (33%) were complex in shape. The mean maximal dimension was larger by 3D TEE compared with 2D TEE (1.8    0.8 vs 1.5    0.6 cm; P < .05). There was no difference in the mean area measured by either modality, but for complex-shaped defects, area measured by 3D TEE was larger than that by 2D TEE (2.8    1.3 vs 1.7    1.4 cm(2); P < .05). Follow-up transthoracic echocardiography was available for 19 of the 20 @entity1 undergoing transcatheter closure. Nine @entity1 had residual right-to-left shunting 1 to 6 months after @entity2438 closure, and the majority of these were complex in shape. In @entity1 with residual shunting, @entity2438 area by 3D TEE was 27% larger than by 2D TEE, whereas in @entity1 without residual shunting, there was significantly less discrepancy between 3D and 2D areas (19%; P  = .0027). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional TEE can identify @entity2438 shape. Maximal dimensions on 3D TEE were well correlated with balloon-stretched 2D dimensions. Two-dimensional TEE can underestimate the area of complex-shaped @entity118 , which may result in residual right-to-left shunting.

title: Real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography in XXXX with secundum @entity118 : outcomes following transcatheter closure.

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity65 is the commonest cause of mortality worldwide. Many risk factors predate the development of @entity65 . Adequate knowledge of risk factors for @entity65 is the first step towards effective preventive strategies to combat the @entity65 burden in any population. This study aims to determine the knowledge of workers in a Nigerian University on risk factors for @entity65 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 206 academic and non-academic staff of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria using the Heart Disease Fact Questionnaire (HDFQ). Demographic data were taken. The lipid profile and random blood sugar were taken. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The mean age of the study @entity1 was 45.3    7.9 years. There were 96 males (46.6%). The mean HDFQ score was 48.6%. Only 41 (19.9%) of @entity1 were assessed to have good knowledge of @entity299 risk factors. Majority, 101 (49.0%) had poor knowledge while 64 (31.2%) had fair knowledge of @entity299 risk factors. There was no significant difference between prevalence of CV risk factors between those with good or fair or low level of knowledge. Most @entity1 did not have a good level of knowledge about risk factors, prevention, treatment and association with @entity6 as it relates to @entity299 . CONCLUSION: Knowledge of @entity299 risk factors is low among University workers in Nigeria. Effective education on @entity299 risk factors and appropriate preventive strategies are indeed important to reduce @entity65 burden in Nigerian University communities.

title: Knowledge of XXXX risk factors among workers in a Nigerian University: A call for concern.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Injury to the superficial @entity1795 (SDFT) is common in equids, with a high risk of re-injury associated with changes in @entity924 . In vivo measurement of limb @entity2693 has been shown to correlate with @entity924 after injury [1] but requires kinematic analysis which is impractical in a clinical setting. We have developed a simple system for measuring limb @entity2693 statically, which could be used as a tool for monitoring SDFT healing. OBJECTIVES: To validate a goniometric measurement of limb @entity2693 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study. METHODS: Initially, forelimb @entity2693 indices were determined at the walk for 6 equids using a validated kinematic analysis [1]. Limb @entity2693 indices were then calculated using portable floor scales to record ground reaction force (GRF), and an electrogoniometer to record metacarpophalangeal joint angle. Goniometric limb @entity2693 indices were subsequently measured in 11 @entity1641 ranging from 2 to 20 years of age, with no clinical evidence of @entity1796 . Strength and significance of correlation and agreement between the measurement methods was assessed and association between limb @entity2693 , limb (left vs. right), weight and age of @entity1641 and were calculated. RESULTS: There were strong positive correlations between GRF and joint angle (R(2)   =   0.98) and between the static and kinematic methods (R   =   0.78, P<0.01). There was a positive correlation between limb @entity2693 and weight (R(2)   =   0.85, P<0.01), but no association with age or limb. CONCLUSIONS: This study validated the measurement of limb @entity2693 in a clinical setting. The positive correlation of limb @entity2693 and weight supports the theory of an optimised limb spring [2] for energy-efficient cursorial locomotion which may, in turn, provide a clinically-relevant measure of running efficiency and therefore the quality of @entity1796 . Ethical animal research:   Owner consent was obtained. SOURCE OF FUNDING:    None. Competing interests:   None declared.

title: Clinical Research Abstracts of the British XXXX Veterinary Association Congress 2015.

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendon stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1796 :: ('MESH:D013708', 'Disease') :: ['SDFT injury', 'tendon healing post injury']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['digital flexor tendon']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['Equine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is usually assumed that @entity4512 is associated with both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment, as well as with personal and lifestyle factors. This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of @entity4512 in @entity1 with varying or different occupational exposures, and to explore the associations between @entity4512 and the occupational and personal factors. METHODS: A questionnaire on physical, psychosocial and individual factors was answered by 1591 @entity1 in five occupational groups with contrasting occupational exposures (teachers, anaesthetic, theatre, and assistant nurses, and sonographers). The outcome measure was @entity4512 (in a new model based on frequency and intensity of complaints the preceding year) from the neck, shoulders, hands, lower back and feet. RESULTS: Neck @entity158 was equally frequent among teachers, assistant nurses and sonographers, and less frequent in anaesthetic and theatre nurses. The sonographers experienced the highest prevalence of @entity158 , while the assistant nurses were the most affected in the wrists and hands, lower back, and feet. The teachers reported the highest scores in most of the psychosocial dimensions. The theatre nurses scored highest in strenuous work postures and movements (mechanical exposure index, MEI), and the assistant nurses in physical activity and lifting (physical exposure index, PHYI). Multivariable models in the total population showed that both the physical workload and the psychosocial work environment were associated with @entity158 in all body regions, though different factors affected different regions. @entity158 in the neck, shoulders, hands and lower back was strongly associated with a high MEI and high job demands, while @entity158 in the feet was associated with a high PHYI and a high BMI. A young age was associated with @entity158 in the neck, and an older age was associated with @entity158 in the hands and feet. Lack of time for personal recovery was associated with @entity158 in the shoulders and lower back. CONCLUSIONS: The occupational groups were affected differently and need different protective measures. For the teachers, the psychosocial work environment should be improved. The surgical staff and sonographers require measures to mitigate lifting and constrained postures.

title: Cross-sectional associations between occupational factors and XXXX in @entity1 teachers, nurses and sonographers.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'shoulder pain']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity2418 ( @entity2418 ) and a history of @entity716 and @entity410 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity1833 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity38171 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity1833 and @entity410 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity716 and @entity302 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity2418 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity2922 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity2922 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity2922 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity2922 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity2418 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations', 'Hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['VCFS', 'velocardiofacial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity38171 :: ('CHEBI:61058', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alpha-methyldopa']

answer: @entity38171 :: (CHEBI:61058,Chemical) :: ['L-alpha-methyldopa']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A lot of studies have dealt with the oxidative stress in @entity358 , and some of them with @entity378 as well. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant enzyme level ( @entity224 dismutase, @entity2041 peroxidase, @entity2196 ) and the lipid peroxidation products in @entity1 with @entity378 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty @entity1 with @entity378 were included in the study. The examined parameters were measured before and three weeks after the beginning of the antituberculosis treatment (group I). The control group included 40 healthy @entity1 (group II). RESULTS: The @entity224 dismutase level was significantly lower in group I in both measurements (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) in relation to group II, but there were no significant changes in its level during the therapy. During the treatment, the glutation peroxidase level significantly increased (p < 0.05), and in relation to group II, its level was significantly lower in both measurements in group I (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). The @entity2196 level significantly increased during the treatment, but there was no significant difference in relation to group II level. There was no significant difference in relation to the lipid peroxidase products between the groups. DISCUSSION: Our study group had reduced antioxidant enzyme level and some of them showed significant improvement during the treatment. The lipid peroxidase product level was stable. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity378 the antioxidative status is lower and its level and possible development of the oxidative stress depend on the disease severity.

title: [Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in XXXX with pulmonary tuberculosis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Controversy persists in the surgical approach to treat @entity1318 . This investigation reports the long-term effects of esophageal myotomy and partial fundoplication in treating this disorder. From 1984 to 1998, 32 @entity1 with @entity1318 underwent myotomy and partial fundoplication (Belsey Mark IV) using a left thoracotomy. The median follow up is 7.2 years. Assessments include clinical evaluation, esophagogram, radionuclide transit, manometry, 24-h pH, and endoscopy. There is no complication and no mortality. Preoperative assessment was compared with that in 0-3, 3-7, and 7-16 postoperative years. Clinically, the prevalence of @entity1282 was decreased from 100% to 6%, 12%, and 13%, respectively (P < 0.001). Heartburn remains unchanged (P > 0.25). On radiology, the prevalence of barium stasis was decreased from 97% to 44%, 48%, and 47%, respectively (P=0.001), whereas a pseudo-diverticulum was observed in two-thirds of @entity1 after operation (P=0.001). Percent radionuclide stasis at 2 min was measured as 70%, 17%, 20%, and 20%, respectively (P=0.001). Manometrically, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) gradient was decreased from 29 to 10, 9, and 9 mmHg, respectively (P=0.001). LES relaxation was improved from 41% preoperatively to 100% postoperatively at each postoperative period (P < 0.001). An abnormal acid exposure was observed in four @entity1 after the operation. Endoscopy documented @entity16 in three @entity1 (P > 0.25). In conclusion, on long-term follow up, myotomy and partial fundoplication for @entity1318 relieve obstructive symptoms and improve esophageal emptying, and reduce LES gradient and improve LES relaxation. Acid reflux is recorded in 13% of @entity1 and esophageal @entity16 is identified in 11% of the @entity1 population. A longer myotomy not covered by the fundoplication results in pseudodiverticulum formation and increased esophageal retention.

title: Long-term effects of myotomy and partial fundoplication for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia', 'esophageal achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['esophageal achalasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To survive in a changing environment plants constantly monitor their surroundings. In response to several stresses and during photorespiration plants use reactive @entity26 species as signaling molecules. The @entity958 @entity44888 ( @entity44888 ) mutant lacks a peroxisomal catalase and under photorespiratory conditions accumulates @entity5568 , which leads to activation of cell death. METHODS: A @entity44888 double mutant collection was generated through crossing and scored for cell death in different assays. Selected double mutants were further analyzed for photosynthetic performance and @entity5568 accumulation. RESULTS: We used a targeted mutant analysis with more than 50 @entity44888 double mutants to investigate the role of stress hormones and other defense regulators in @entity5568 -mediated cell death. Several transcription factors ( @entity6266 , @entity960 , @entity15020 , @entity15019 ), cell death regulators ( @entity29261 , @entity21108 ) and hormone regulators ( @entity19041 , @entity71163 , @entity19061 , @entity19057 , @entity19046 ) were essential for execution of cell death in @entity44888 . Genetic loci required for cell death in @entity44888 was compared with regulators of cell death in spontaneous lesion mimic mutants and led to the identification of a core set of plant cell death regulators. Analysis of gene expression data from @entity44888 and plants undergoing cell death revealed similar gene expression profiles, further supporting the existence of a common program for regulation of plant cell death. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide a genetic framework for further study on the role of @entity5568 in regulation of cell death. The hormones @entity3785 , @entity7214 and auxin, as well as their interaction, are crucial determinants of cell death regulation.

title: A genetic framework for XXXX induced cell death in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity5568 :: (D006861,Chemical) :: ['H2O2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbidity related to @entity2805 and @entity1159 which are well known sequel after burns remains high and in fact has increased as more severely burned @entity1 are surviving. This study was undertaken in order to assess the varied clinical presentation, precipitating factors, preventive measures, treatment modalities of neck @entity1159 and evaluate the results after surgical procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This hospital based study was conducted on @entity1 admitted in our institution with proven cases of Post @entity1159 from 1st August 2009 to 31st July 2011. Twenty two @entity1 of post @entity1159 who underwent operative treatment were included. OBSERVATION: 10 of 22 cases were in the middle age group i.e. between 21-30 years. There were 5 males and 17 females. @entity4808 was the commonest aetiology. Fourteen @entity1 were treated within 1 year of burns for functional disability. Excisional release was performed in 13 and incisional release in 9 of our @entity1 . Resurfacing with STSG (split thickness skin graft) was carried out in 19 cases and a local or regional flap with or without a graft in 3 @entity1 . @entity1184 and recontracture were the commonest late complications and occurred in 3 cases. Good to fair results were obtained in 19 @entity1 CONCLUSION: Local flaps have many advantages and are to be used whenever possible. It is preferable to place the grafts if used in the area surrounding the neck (donor site of flap) or at least in the non-visible area of the neck (submental area). When a combination of flap _ graft is used, it's preferable to place the flap in a horizontal intersecting fashion in between the two patches of the graft. A follow up program for reasonable period is highly desired.

title: Post burn XXXX neck: clinical profile and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['Accidental flame burn']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['contractures', 'burn neck contracture']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

answer: @entity1159 :: (MESH:D003286,Disease) :: ['contracture']


abstract: Only partial studies evaluating the endocrine profile in @entity1475 have been performed. In order to characterize the neuro-endocrine pattern during and after @entity1475 , we studied the basal hormonal levels of @entity3566 , @entity1 @entity5804 ( @entity4151 ), FSH, GH, TSH, free @entity1955 index (FTI), @entity53 -17 beta (E2), and @entity1420 (PG), as well as the anterior pituitary response to @entity1218 , @entity1176 , and hypoglycaemia induced by insulin in 7 @entity1 during @entity1475 and one week after @entity5852 . @entity3566 showed significantly higher serum levels during rather than after @entity1475 and @entity4151 was detectable in only 4 @entity1 during, but in none after @entity1475 . FSH values were in the follicular phase range before and after @entity5852 (12.7 +/- 0.8 and 12.7 +/- 3.5 IU/l). PRL had elevated basal levels before and after @entity5852 ; 103.0 +/- 16.5 and 43 +/- 10.6 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05). GH levels were distinctly elevated in 3 @entity1 during @entity1475 ; after @entity5852 , the basal GH values were normal in all @entity1 less than 10 micrograms/l. Basal @entity701 and TSH levels were in the normal range before and after @entity5852 . The FTI was above the normal range in 3 @entity1 during @entity1475 , whereas after @entity5852 the values were normalized. E2 levels were elevated before and after @entity5852 , 1881 +/- 477 and 96.5 +/- 39.2 ng/l, respectively (P less than 0.01). PG levels before and after @entity5852 were 30.9 +/- 5.4 and 10 +/- 6.7 micrograms/l, respectively (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neuroendocrine regulation of anterior pituitary function in XXXX during and after @entity1475 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['molar abortion']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity5804 :: ('1443', 'Gene') :: ['placental lactogen']

entities_list: @entity1475 :: ('MESH:D006828', 'Disease') :: ['molar pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The distribution of the mRNAs encoding the @entity935 D1, D2 and D5 receptors was determined in brain tissues obtained from intact female @entity2608 , using a ribonuclease protection assay. Tissue blocks from the frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, hippocampus and substantia nigra were dissected and total RNA was extracted. @entity935 D2 and D5 receptor DNA fragments were generated from @entity2608 genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction. To generate @entity935 receptor subtype-specific cRNA probes, DNA fragments corresponding to the @entity1473 terminus of the @entity2608 D1 and D2 receptor genes and to the putative transmembrane domain regions (IV-VI) of the D5 receptor gene, were subcloned into the pGEM3Z/4Z vectors. Expression of D1 receptor mRNA exhibited significant regional differences: striatum > > > cerebral cortex > or = hippocampus > or = lateral thalamus. D1 receptor mRNA was found in low quantities in the medial thalamus, but was not consistently expressed in the substantia nigra area. In contrast, D2 receptor mRNA was detected in all regions that were studied: striatum > > > substantia nigra > > hippocampus > or = cerebral cortex > or = medial thalamus > or = lateral thalamus. D5 receptor mRNA was also expressed in all regions, with highest levels in the cerebral cortex, striatum and lateral thalamus, and moderate levels in the substantia nigra, medial thalamus and the hippocampus. The D5 receptor mRNA appears to be widely distributed in the monkey brain. Most interesting is the expression of D5 receptor mRNA in tissues of the substantia nigra area.

title: Distribution of XXXX D1, D2, and D5 receptor mRNAs in the monkey brain: ribonuclease protection assay analysis.

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['dopamine']


abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies hypothesized that the analysis of magnetic resonance intensity of the solid portion in paediatric @entity5 can provide pre-surgical information about the histopathology. Classically, high signal-intensity in T2weighted (T2w) images identifies low-grade @entity5 , while anaplasia is characterized by T2 hypointensity. We aimed to investigate if T2w signal intensities can pre-operatively distinguish between low-grade and high-grade @entity1313 in paediatric @entity1 . METHODS: Two raters, blinded to the histological diagnosis, rated the signal intensity of MR images (T2w) from 36 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1313 , 17 @entity1 with low-grade @entity1313 and 19 @entity1 with high-grade @entity1313 were included in this study. Relative T2 values were obtained by dividing the T2w values of the solid portion of the @entity5 by the T2w values of the vitreous humour. RESULTS: The best cut-off point to distinguish low and high-grade paediatric @entity1313 was 0.8. If the signal intensity was less than or equal to 0.8 the @entity5 was expected to be a high-grade @entity5 with a sensitivity of 100%. Prediction of a low-grade @entity5 was more uncertain with a sensitivity of 70.5%. Overall, 86% of the @entity5 would have been predicted correctly. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that T2w signal intensities of the solid portion of @entity1313 in paediatrics can pre-operatively differentiate between low-grade and high-grade @entity5 . In addition, T2 hypointensity may be helpful in targeting stereotactic biopsy.

title: Analysis of T2 signal intensity helps in the differentiation between high and low-grade @entity1313 in paediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumours']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Antibody responses following immunization with allogeneic @entity291 lymphocytes, goose red blood cells (GRBC), and @entity12027 (given IV) were studied in 20 heifers. Antibody to GRBC was detectable by 4 to 9 days in all heifers and followed the characteristic pattern of a low-titer primary response which was predominantly immunoglobulin (Ig) M, whereas a high titer IgG secondary response was observed. The dose of @entity12027 used failed to elicit a detectable antibody response. An immune response to allogeneic lymphocytes was observed, but it differed from the GRBC response. @entity137 antibody directed against lymphocytes was detectable by day 14 in 5 of the heifers. Five others responded by days 17 to 24 after secondary immunization. The responses were of low titer and predominantly IgM, after both primary and secondary immunizations. The time of antibody appearance and titers varied between heifers and was not dependent on differences at the major histocompatibility complex ( @entity32693 ) between heifers and immunizing lymphocytes. @entity137 antibody reacted with both B and T lymphocytes and appeared to recognize the serologically defined @entity32693 antigens. Noncytotoxic alloantibody was detected in the serum of 1 heifer and appeared to be directed against a subpopulation of lymphocytes, possibly those bearing Ia-like antigens.

title: Allogeneic antibody response in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxic']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The aim of this study was to detect the potential occurrence of early @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity740 ( @entity740 ) at first referral to an outpatient nephrology clinic. Eighty-four @entity1 with @entity740 (49 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 ) were compared with 604 healthy control subjects (298 @entity1 and 306 @entity1 ). Anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were performed in all @entity1 , whereas renal function, laboratory tests for nutritional status, and nutrient intake were assessed in the @entity740 group only. @entity1011 clearance was 27.8 +/- 13.8 and 27.4 +/- 13.0 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) in male and female @entity1 with @entity740 , respectively. No @entity1 showed peripheral @entity4 ; @entity3147 , defined by presence of serum albumin <3.5 g/dl plus body mass index <20 kg/m(2); or protein intake <0.6 g/kg per d. At the BIA, @entity1 with @entity740 showed lower resistance (R) and abnormal mean impedance vectors for the bivariate normal distribution of R/height and reactance/height. Phase angle also was reduced (-22%), especially in @entity1 with @entity6 . When BIA-derived data were considered, total body water was slightly higher (+4.3% in @entity1 ; +3.5% in @entity1 ) and body cell mass was lower (-6.7% in @entity1 ; -7.7% in @entity1 ) in @entity1 with @entity740 . No difference in either BIA parameters or nutritional indexes was observed among various @entity740 stages. Despite the absence of overt @entity3147 , @entity1 with @entity740 exhibit altered BIA variables from the early phases of @entity8 . These alterations are related to the @entity8 , are more marked in the presence of @entity6 , and mainly indicate the presence of @entity5225 in the absence of @entity4 . Therefore, BIA represents an attractive clinical tool to detect @entity73 from the early stages of @entity740 .

title: Early changes in bioelectrical estimates of body composition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of body composition']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity5225 :: ('MESH:C566111', 'Disease') :: ['overhydration']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of body composition']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'frank malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

answer: @entity740 :: (MESH:D051436,Disease) :: ['chronic kidney disease']


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We believe @entity4265 ( @entity4265 ) is not necessary in @entity1 with an @entity2466 greater than 2.0 cm. DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity1 with a histologically confirmed @entity2466 from April 1, 1980, to February 28, 2005, and an analysis of the literature. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity1 : Forty-eight @entity1 (34 females and 14 males) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2466 were included in the study. Appendiceal @entity4303 was diagnosed incidentally in all 48 @entity1 . @entity1 ages ranged from 11 to 86 years (mean age, 41 years). Postoperative follow-up and disease-free survival were confirmed in 33 @entity1 via medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the relationship between survival, @entity5 size, and the role of @entity4265 vs appendectomy alone. RESULTS: Four @entity1 in our series underwent secondary @entity4265 and lymph node dissection for @entity5 greater than 2.0 cm, and none had positive lymph nodes. Following review of the literature, we were unable to find any recent evidence of distant metastasis from @entity4303 in @entity1 already treated by appendectomy. There seem to be no conclusive data to support the notion that @entity4265 confers a survival benefit over appendectomy for @entity4303 greater than 2.0 cm. CONCLUSION: @entity2466 greater than 2.0 cm can be managed effectively with simple appendectomy, given their low malignant potential and slow growth, obviating the need for @entity4265 in this group of @entity1 without affecting overall survival.

title: Is XXXX for 2.0-cm appendiceal @entity4303 justified?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2466 :: ('MESH:D001063', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal carcinoid', 'Appendiceal carcinoids']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4303 :: ('MESH:D002276', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoids', 'carcinoid']

entities_list: @entity4265 :: ('MESH:C535682', 'Disease') :: ['right hemicolectomy', 'RHC']

answer: @entity4265 :: (MESH:C535682,Disease) :: ['right hemicolectomy']


abstract: The objective of our study was to determine the incidence and nature of @entity299 found among @entity1 with murmurs clinically ambiguous to an expert examiner. The study was a prospective, blinded evaluation of accuracy of the expert examination using echocardiography as the diagnostic standard. The setting of the study was a pediatric cardiology outpatient department. The study comprised 903 outpatients with heart murmur under 21 years old without prior echocardiography or pediatric cardiology consultation. The intervention was echocardiography as clinically indicated for evaluation of heart murmur of uncertain cause. The outcome measure were a comparison of clinical diagnoses with echocardiographic results. In this clinical population, the presence of @entity299 correlated with young age at presentation and with the expert examiner's level of suspicion of @entity299 . However, 16 of 187 cases in which specific pathology was unsuspected had disease, and 6 of these 16 have had catheter or surgical intervention. Fourteen of the 16 unsuspected had objective indications for echocardiography and the other 2 were examined to allay @entity148 . When evaluating very young outpatients with innocent-sounding murmur or older outpatients with innocent-sounding murmur and disconcerting symptoms, signs, or laboratory results, pediatric cardiologists should have a low threshold for echocardiography. Older outpatients with innocent-sounding murmur seldom have @entity299 when @entity148 is the only indication for echocardiography.

title: Echocardiographic yield in XXXX when innocent murmur seems likely but doubts linger.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Despite numerous theories, the etiology and pathogenesis of primary @entity6312 remain unclear. The etiology of @entity102 ( @entity102 ) known as @entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) is related to leukocyte trapping. Leukocyte trapping involves trapping of white cells in vessel walls followed by their activation and translocation outside the vessel. Release of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) from trapped white cells has been documented. @entity224 dismutase (SOD) directly inhibits the generation of free radicals and compounds that are produced during oxidation by ROS, such as @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). The aim of this study was to determine the involvement of free radicals in the etiology of venous changes. The following material was used for the study: fragments of @entity4096 and varices from 31 @entity1 diagnosed with chronic @entity66 in the 2nd or 3rd degree, according to clinical state, etiology, anatomy and pathophysiology (CEAP), which were qualified for surgical procedure. The levels of oxidative stress markers strongly correlated with lesions observed by USG in insufficient and @entity6312 . In both a higher concentration of @entity1865 was observed, which is a sign of lipid peroxidation. Antioxidative mechanisms, SOD activity and total antioxidative power expressed as @entity19213 were inversely proportional to @entity1865 concentration. In insufficient and @entity6312 both @entity19213 and SOD activities were significantly lower than in normal veins. The severity of clinical changes was inversely dependent on the efficiency of scavenging of ROS, which additionally proves the participation of free radicals in pathogenesis of @entity102 .

title: Generation of reactive XXXX species by a sufficient, insufficient and varicose vein wall.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic venous diseases', 'CVDs']

entities_list: @entity6312 :: ('MESH:D014648', 'Disease') :: ['varicose veins']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['CVI', 'chronic venous insufficiency', 'sufficient or insufficient venous system']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of single doses of a @entity18060 ( @entity18060 ) on lower limb @entity177 in individuals with @entity64 . DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. SETTING: Outpatient research setting. @entity1 : Ten individuals with post- @entity64 hemiplegia > 1 year duration (mean    standard deviation: 57  10 years; 7 males) completed all assessments. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were assessed prior to and 5 hours following single-dose, over-encapsulated 10 mg doses of @entity837 ( @entity18060 ) or placebo, with 1 week between conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary assessments included maximal ankle and knee isometric strength, and velocity-dependent (30-120  /s) plantarflexor stretch reflexes under passive conditions, and separately during and following superimposed maximal volitional drive to simulate conditions of increased @entity750 release. Secondary measures included clinical measures of lower limb @entity2055 and locomotion. RESULTS: @entity18060 administration significantly increased stretch reflex torques at higher stretch velocities (e.g., 90  /s; p=0.03), reflexes at lower velocities enhanced by superimposed voluntary drive (p=0.02). No significant improvements were seen in volitional peak torques or in clinical measures of lower limb function (lowest p=0.10) CONCLUSION: Increases in @entity508 but not strength or lower limb function were observed with single dose @entity18060 administration in individuals with @entity64 . Further studies should evaluate whether repeated dosing of SSRIs, or as combined with specific interventions, are required to elicit significant benefit of these agents on lower limb function post- @entity64 .

title: Increased lower limb XXXX but not strength or function following a single-dose @entity750 reuptake inhibitor in @entity64 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity18060 :: ('D017367', 'Chemical') :: ['selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor', 'SSRI']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary and reflex function']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['coordination']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spasticity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate: (1) the factors associated with the development of @entity790 , (2) the incidence of urinary and @entity322 following closure of the @entity292 and (3) the urodynamic findings in @entity1 with persistent @entity322 . DESIGN: An observational clinical study. SETTING: A specialised @entity292 unit in a developing country. POPULATION: @entity1 following successful anatomical closure of @entity790 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 were enrolled from the Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia, following obstetric @entity292 repair. Their case records were reviewed and details regarding (1) antecedent obstetric factors, (2) the site, size and type of @entity292 and (3) pre-operative @entity1494 mobility and vaginal scarring were recorded. All @entity1 were questioned regarding symptoms of @entity322 . @entity1 reporting @entity322 following @entity292 repair underwent urodynamic investigations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and urodynamic assessment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 23 years (range 16-45 years). The @entity292 in 38 @entity1 (69%) followed the first delivery and in 17 @entity1 (31%) following a subsequent delivery. The mean duration of labour was four days (range 1-9 days). Forty-four @entity1 (80%) had an isolated @entity789 and 11 (20%) had a combined vesico-vaginal and @entity12478 . The mean diameter of the @entity292 was 2.9 cm (0.5-6 cm). Successful repair occurred in all @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 (55%) reported persistent @entity322 and 21 (38%) altered faecal continence at follow up. In the former group, urodynamic investigations identified genuine stress @entity322 in 17 @entity1 (31%), detrusor instability in two (4%) and mixed @entity322 in 11 (20%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the high rate of successful closure of the @entity292 in a specialised @entity292 unit, but highlights the problem of persistent @entity322 following closure.

title: Urinary and XXXX following delayed primary @entity790 .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'faecal and urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck']

entities_list: @entity12478 :: ('MESH:D014624', 'Disease') :: ['recto-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesico-vaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['obstetric genitourinary fistula']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['faecal incontinence']


abstract: @entity177 has on occasion been referred to as a state of @entity460 @entity137 . The aim of this study was to investigate the status of intracellular free @entity141 in the neutrophils of @entity177 @entity1 on maintenance haemodialysis treatment. Factors previously suggested to influence intracellular free @entity141 were investigated including @entity461 levels, oxidative stress and recombinant @entity1 @entity1307 administration. The study involved 14 @entity177 @entity1 on the haemodialysis programme of the Pretoria Academic hospital. Intracellular free @entity141 and transmembrane @entity141 fluxes were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Increases above control values were found in intracellular free @entity141 (P-value 0.0242) and in the transmembrane @entity141 flux upon @entity5038 stimulation (P-value 0.0002). The results showed significant differences in intracellular free @entity141 between @entity1 on rHuEPO and @entity1 not on rHuEPO. The apparently rHuEPO-induced increase in intracellular free @entity141 persisted in the presence of @entity460 channel blockers. No overt indications of oxidative stress could be detected by the antioxidant vitamin levels. It is concluded that factors other than those associated with uraemia, such as rHuEPO administration, might contribute to the often reported increase in intracellular free @entity141 in these @entity1 . Further studies to investigate the relationship between intracellular free @entity141 , rHuEPO and @entity460 channel blockers are suggested.

title: Intracellular free XXXX in the neutrophils of maintenance haemodialysis @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'Chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Families of 338 male and 81 female @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ), including 280 wives, 144 daughters, and 81 sons, were examined for diseases resulting from @entity1355 . The workers were initially exposed to @entity1355 at least 20 years prior to the study date. Radiographic signs of @entity1355 (using standard criteria international Labor Office 1980) were found in 64% of 288 male @entity12767 and 21% of 71 female @entity12767 . After excluding those with any occupational exposure to @entity1355 , @entity1355 prevalence was 11% in wives, 8% in sons, and 2% in daughters. @entity66 prevalence in workers and in wives increased with the number of years from initial exposure. Male @entity12767 who had smoked had @entity1224 without @entity393 . Nonsmokers had normal pulmonary functions. In @entity12767 households prevalences of @entity1576 , wheezing on physical examination, and symptoms of @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 , exceeded those in the comparison (Michigan) population, even for the younger daughters and sons. These differences, and @entity1224 and distribution defects reported earlier were not explained by cigarette smoking or by @entity1355 exposure. Instead, they are tentatively ascribed to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution in Los Angeles.

title: XXXX and pulmonary symptoms and signs in @entity12767 and their families in Los Angeles.

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Asbestos disease']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['shipyard workers', 'SYW']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity1355 :: ('MESH:D001195', 'Disease') :: ['asbestos', 'asbestosis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Asbestos diseases']


abstract: During a 14 year period, 22 @entity1 with stricture, acute @entity130 , and @entity5 were treated. Nine @entity1 had postintubation @entity6184 and underwent tracheal resection with good to excellent results. Six @entity1 had strictures after tracheostomy. In one @entity1 , @entity850 occurred after repair and repeated dilatation was necessary. He subsequently had to undergo repeat tracheostomy, but the tube was later removed and his symptoms disappeared. Our current preference for suture is either 3-0 @entity7502 or @entity6886 . Acute separation of the @entity825 can occur with @entity130 to the neck, either by garrotting or direct blunt force. The diagnosis is suspected when endotracheal intubation is impossible and a step off below the larynx and crepitation exists. Emergency tracheostomy is necessary, however, and primary repair can be delayed for up to 24 hours if other conditions require attention. Tracheal resection for @entity957 is possible, but only a small group of @entity1 may be surgical candidates.

title: Management of acute and chronic disorders of the XXXX and subglottis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein @entity291 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of @entity4542 ( @entity4542 ) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by @entity4542 was 17.22 g/L (SD   9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD   8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD   8.66), respectively. @entity4542 IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy @entity291 .

title: Quantification of XXXX immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy.

entities_list: @entity4542 :: ('MESH:D020425', 'Disease') :: ['radial immunodiffusion', 'RID']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 4715 Background: In locally advanced @entity189 of @entity1494 radiation therapy, either alone, or in combination with chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for @entity1 whose disease is not amenable to surgery. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity150 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 22 @entity1 were enrolled. All @entity1 initially received 4 cycles of @entity136 and @entity3003 , after which response evaluation was done with CT scanning and ultrasonography. @entity1 with complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) received 2 more cycles followed by radical radiotherapy with weekly @entity136 as radiation sensitizer. Those who had @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were given concurrent chemoradiotherapy after four cycles. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were males and two were females. The median age was 52 years (range 35-70 years). All @entity1 had histopathological @entity1606 . Eleven (50%) @entity1 had T3 lesion, 7(31.81%) had T4 and 4(18.18%) cases had @entity75 . Out of 22, 6(27.27%) @entity1 showed CR, and PR was seen in 9(40.90%) @entity1 . Four (18.18%) @entity1 had @entity66 whereas 3 @entity1 showed progression of the disease. Two cases out of four having @entity66 showed regression of @entity5 after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. No grade III/IV @entity137 was seen. Common @entity137 observed were Neutrogena, fatigue, @entity1277 and @entity925 . CONCLUSION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 - @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy is a well tolerable and effective treatment modality to achieve significant @entity5 response in locally advanced @entity150 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced @entity189 of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'carcinoma urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['subtype of transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['loss of appetite']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['urinary bladder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate systemic markers of collagen metabolism and @entity620 in female smokers with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Secondary aims were to compare these levels in @entity1 based on prolapse or smoking history alone. STUDY DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study with four groups: smokers with POP, non-smokers with POP, smokers without POP and non-smokers without POP. Subjects were age-matched based on smoking history and presence of POP. All underwent a fasting blood panel, including plasma procollagen 1-N propeptide (P1NP), @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ), and @entity620 . RESULTS: Ninety-six subjects were enrolled. There were no differences for any demographics other than stage of prolapse, which was highest in non-smokers with POP. Significant variations in the levels of @entity620 and @entity1495 were noted among the four groups. Smokers with POP had lower levels of @entity620 and higher levels of @entity1495 , compared to non-smokers with POP, but this relationship was not statistically significant. However, when contrasting smokers without POP to non-smokers without POP, significant differences in both @entity620 and @entity1495 were documented, confirming an impact of smoking on these markers. Notwithstanding, when evaluated independent of smoking status, @entity620 and @entity1495 levels in @entity1 with POP were similar to those of @entity1 without POP. CONCLUSION: Lower @entity620 and higher @entity1495 among smokers confirms the usefulness of such markers in documenting the smoking's impact on collagen. However, the lack of a difference based on POP suggests these are poor measures for understanding the pathophysiology of this disorder.

title: Systemic markers of collagen metabolism and XXXX in smokers and non-smokers with pelvic organ prolapse.

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase 9', 'MMP-9']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['vitamin C']


abstract: The gtfB gene coding for a glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity of @entity6586 GS-5 was isolated on a 15.4-kilobase DNA fragment by using a lambda L47.1 gene library. The activity was catalyzed by gene products of 150 and 145 kilodaltons which reacted with antibodies directed against both soluble and insoluble glucan-synthesizing GTFs. The enzyme present in crude @entity526 extracts synthesized both soluble and insoluble glucans. The enzyme was partially purified from lysates of the lambda DS-76 clone and synthesized both types of glucans in a primer-independent fashion. In addition, the purified enzyme exhibited a pI of approximately 5.0. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cloned GTF gene represented a contiguous @entity377 sequence on the strain GS-5 chromosome. Furthermore, evidence for the existence of a distinct gene sharing partial homology with gtfB was also obtained. The gtfB gene was subcloned into plasmid pACYC184 into @entity526 and exhibited GTF activity when carried on GS-5 inserts as small as 5 kilobases. The approximate location of the GTF promoter and the direction of gene transcription were also determined. The cloned enzyme was not secreted through the cytoplasmic membrane of @entity526 , since most of the activity was found in the cytoplasm and, in lesser amounts, associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. The gtfB gene was insertionally inactivated by introducing a gene fragment coding for @entity2929 resistance into the GTF coding region. After transformation of strain GS-5 with the altered gene, transformants defective in insoluble glucan synthesis were identified. These results indicate that the gtfB gene codes for a GTF involved in insoluble glucan synthesis in strain GS-5.

title: Cloning of a XXXX glucosyltransferase gene coding for insoluble glucan synthesis.

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus mutans']


abstract: This study aimed to establish the diagnostic value of paracentesis (peritoneal tap) in the assessment of @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 . Paracentesis, using a four-quadrant puncture technique, was performed in blunt @entity1661 victims presenting to the emergency department of a tertiary-care university medical centre. Pregnant @entity1 , those under 18 or those having an abdominal scar were excluded from the study. All @entity1 then underwent one of the following procedures as indicated: emergency ultrasound, abdominal computed tomography scan, diagnostic peritoneal lavage or laparotomy. Paracentesis results were compared with the results of other tests and surgery in diagnosing haemoperitoneum. Haemoperitoneum was confirmed surgically in six of the seven @entity1 with a positive paracentesis. Nine out of 65 @entity1 with positive clinical findings but negative taps underwent surgical intervention, and abdominal bleeding was confirmed in eight. Three seriously injured @entity1 died before diagnostic studies or laparotomy could be performed. In conclusion, a positive paracentesis result may be used to guide decision-making in the setting of blunt @entity1661 if other diagnostic methods are unavailable. Its high false-negative rate limits its overall usefulness.

title: Current value of peritoneal tap in blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']