abstract: IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) regulate the bioavailability and bioactivity of IGF. The major IGFBP in serum is @entity2301 . We investigated whether sera from @entity1 with @entity5 show alterations in levels of @entity2301 as measured by Western ligand blot analysis (WLB) and RIA with alpha @entity2301 gl, a specific rabbit polyclonal antibody. Furthermore, @entity2301 proteolysis was quantified by densitometric analysis of [125I] @entity2301 protease assays, and @entity2301 fragments were visualized by Western immunoblot with alpha @entity2301 gl. We examined sera from 21 @entity1 with solid @entity5 , five @entity1 with @entity242 who had reached complete remission, and 13 @entity1 with @entity3052 . Serum samples were collected at diagnosis, before initiation of therapy. Sera of 10 healthy @entity1 served as normal controls. @entity1 with solid @entity5 or @entity1778 had significantly higher (p < 0.001) @entity2301 protease activity in serum than did normal controls or @entity1 with @entity242 in complete remission. Corresponding to this finding, densitometry of WLB showed lower @entity2301 levels in sera of @entity1 with @entity5 in comparison with normal controls. The negative correlation (p < 0.001, r = -0.80) between @entity2301 proteolysis, as measured by [125I] @entity2301 protease assay, and @entity2301 band density on WLB indicates that proteolysis is the probable reason for reduction of @entity2301 on WLB. @entity2301 concentrations measured by RIA were in the normal range for most @entity1 , further indicating that differences in serum @entity2301 levels measured by WLB reflect protease activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 concentrations and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 protease activity in sera of @entity1 with XXXX or @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant solid tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Objective of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of novel ultrasonographic modalities in comparison with simultaneously performed liver biopsy. METHODS: The results of simultaneously performed examinations using Acoustic Structure Quantification (ASQ), Virtual Touch Imaging and Quantification (VTIQ) and Virtual Touch Tissue Quantification (VTTQ) were compared with the findings of liver biopsy in @entity1 with a wide variety of diffuse hepatopathies (n = 51). The histologically determined @entity82 stage according to Desmet and Scheuer was compared with quantitative measurements returned by the ultrasonographic imaging modalities. RESULTS: No statistically significant correlation with histologically determined @entity82 stage could be identified for any measurements returned using ASQ. Increasing severity of @entity1560 , however, was associated with a reduction in the @entity132 ( @entity132 ) ratio (r =   -0.55; p < 0.0001). The shearwave velocities measured using VTTQ satisfyingly correlated with @entity82 stage (r = 0.56; p > 0.0001). @entity82 stages > F2 were associated with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95%-CI:0.84-0.99). A cut-off value for shearwave velocity of 1.66 m/s was determined with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 84 %. VTIQ showed a less pronounced but acceptable correlation with @entity82 stage (r = 0.35; p = 0.0154). For @entity82 stages > F2 analysis showed an AUC of 0.84 (95%-CI:0.70-0.93). The cut-off value was 1.82 m/s with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 58 %. CONCLUSION: While ASQ showed no diagnostic advantage in our @entity1 collective, VTTQ showed high reliability for determining severe liver @entity82 in a group of @entity1 with diffuse @entity409 of different etiology.

title: Comparison of Acoustic Structure Quantification (ASQ), shearwave elastography and histology in XXXX with diffuse hepatopathies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'Fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['focal disturbance', 'FD']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) are prevalent in the elderly and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The main objectives of this study were to examine the relative impact and joint association of @entity73 and @entity1002 with @entity712 , @entity65 and all-cause mortality, and their impact on risk classification using a continuous net reclassification index. METHODS AND RESULTS: We followed 2342 adults without prevalent @entity65 (mean age, 76 years) from the @entity65 for a median of 12.6 years. @entity1002 was defined as LV ejection fraction <55%. @entity73 was defined as: forced expiratory volume in 1 second:forced vital capacity <70%, and predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second <80%. Outcomes included @entity712 hospitalization, @entity65 , all-cause mortality, and composite outcome. @entity1002 was detected in 128 subjects (6%), @entity73 in 441 (19%) and both in 38 (2%). Compared to those without @entity1002 or @entity73 , there was a significantly increased cardiovascular risk for groups of @entity1002 only, @entity73 only, and @entity1002 plus @entity73 , adjusted hazard ratio (95% CI) 2.1 (1.5-3.0), 1.7 (1.4-2.1), and 3.2 (2.0-5.1) for HF; 1.8 (1.2-2.6), 1.4 (1.1-1.8), and 2.8 (1.7-4.7) for @entity65 ; 1.3 (1.0-1.8), 1.7 (1.4-1.9), and 2.1 (1.5-3.0) for all-cause mortality, and 1.6 (1.3-2.1), 1.7 (1.5-1.9), and 2.4 (1.7-3.3) for composite outcome, respectively. Risk classification improved significantly for all outcomes when @entity73 was added to the adjusted model with @entity1002 or @entity1002 to @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: While risk of cardiovascular outcomes was the highest among elderly with both @entity1002 and @entity73 , risk was comparable between subjects with @entity73 alone and those with @entity1002 alone. This observation, combined with improved risk classification by adding @entity73 to @entity1002 or @entity1002 to @entity73 , underscore the importance of comprehensive heart and lung evaluation in cardiovascular outcome assessment.

title: Cardiovascular and Mortality Outcomes in the Elderly With Impaired Cardiac and Pulmonary Function: The @entity65 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['IPF', 'Impaired pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular Health Study']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVSD', 'left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['CHS']


abstract: We report on an 18-year-old @entity1 with secondary generalized @entity410 , who developed an auditory disturbance (flat a tone) after @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) administration. She used to have brief episodes of conjugate deviation of the eyes to the right, @entity135 , teleopsia, and @entity1833 since 16 years of age. At the age of 18 years, she developed a @entity410 during sleep, and was placed on @entity2050 400 mg/day. Immediately after taking the medication, she developed auditory disturbance while she played the musical instruments: she felt as if she played the musical note almost a half tone lower. On admission, neurological examinations and magnetic resonance images of the brain were normal. Electroencephalogram at rest was normal. However, intravenous @entity3933 injection induced spikes in the left temporo-occipital region, followed by diffuse spike and wave complex. Although the serum @entity2050 level was reduced to the therapeutic level by lowering @entity2050 administration from 200 to 150 mg/day, she continued to have the same auditory disturbance. When @entity2050 administration was discontinued, the symptoms also disappeared. It remains unknown whether such a subtle side effect of @entity2050 is a common thing, or it can be recognized only by @entity1 who are well trained in music.

title: [Auditory disturbance induced by @entity2049 administration in a XXXX with secondary generalized @entity410 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head heaviness']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity3933 :: ('MESH:D004155', 'Chemical') :: ['diphenhydramine']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['visual hallucination']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document current Australian management of asymptomatic @entity263 @entity1 with @entity1486 (PSA) relapse after radical treatment or considered unsuitable for radical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four case scenarios-postprostatectomy PSA @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level, or no radical treatment-were presented. Management preferences, including (where relevant) @entity4557 , @entity342 ablation either immediate or delayed until a PSA rise or symptomatic progression, and other approaches, were identified. The preferred methods of @entity342 ablation were noted. RESULTS: One hundred eighteen informative replies out of 324 e-mailed surveys were received. For postprostatectomy PSA relapse, 59% of respondents favored salvage @entity4557 . For post- @entity4557 with a slow or a rapidly rising PSA level and treatment of nonradical @entity1 , there was no clear consensus of opinion, with respondents divided among the different options. A diverse range of PSA levels was cited for delayed intervention, with values ranging from 0.8 to 100 ng/mL. PSA doubling time proved a more consistent criterion for determining intervention. Most respondents favored the use of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist as first-line @entity342 ablation, although @entity1 choice was recognized as important in all decision making. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of available evidence underlies the diversity of opinion regarding the management of asymptomatic @entity263 @entity1 with a rising PSA. The need for randomized controlled trials in this area is highlighted.

title: What to do for @entity263 XXXX with a rising PSA?--A survey of Australian practice.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['relapse, postradiotherapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the treatment of choice for symptomatic @entity2963 . @entity282 , however, can prolong hospital stay and lead to increased morbidity. In the context of a multimodal approach to @entity1337 , intraperitoneal local anesthetic administration optimizes @entity1337 and facilitates early postoperative recovery, and it may be associated with a decreased risk of side effects. METHODS: A total of 71 @entity1 was randomized to receive either intraperitoneal analgesic ( @entity9348 group) or not (controls). At the completion of cholecystectomy, 10 mL of @entity1343 0.5% were infused intraperitoneally in the @entity9348 group and 8 h postoperatively, whereas in the controls, 10 mL of 0.9% @entity1219 were administered in the corresponding points of time. Differences in @entity158 scores between groups were the primary endpoints. Opioid consumption and adverse effects were the secondary endpoints. RESULTS: The 2 groups were homogenous in respect to age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and duration of operation. No conversion, complication, or mortality was recorded. The @entity9348 group had a lesser visual analog scale score at rest and at movement compared with controls at all points of time measured. Moreover, @entity3575 consumption in the recovery room was significantly greater in the control group, and the consumption of @entity6882 and the percentage of the @entity1 that requested rescue @entity1337 in the ward was significantly greater in the control group. Local analgesic intraperitoneal injection as well as @entity14340 for postoperative @entity1337 had no significant adverse effects. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that 2 separate doses of intraperitoneally administered @entity1343 significantly decreased @entity282 and the need for opioids compared with placebo. This technique is simple, safe, and without adverse effects.

title: Repeated intraperitoneal instillation of @entity1343 for the management of XXXX after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14340 :: ('MESH:C409945', 'Chemical') :: ['parecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: To assess the value of lead V4R during exercise testing for predicting proximal @entity850 of the right coronary artery, 107 @entity1 were studied. In all @entity1 , a Bruce exercise test with the simultaneous recording of leads I, II, @entity17750 , V1, V4 and V6 was followed by coronary angiography. Apart from registering ST segment changes in the conventional leads, all @entity1 were classified according to absence or presence of an ST segment deviation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R. Seventy-nine of the 107 @entity1 were studied because of inadequate control of @entity951 . Seven @entity1 had had @entity583 before 40 years of age. Twenty-one @entity1 were analyzed because of severe @entity943 . In the 46 @entity1 who had a previous @entity583 , the @entity1188 location was inferior in 28 and anterior in 18. Seven of the 14 @entity1 without @entity583 and significant proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery showed an ST segment deviation of 1 mm or greater in lead V4R during exercise. This was also observed in 11 of 18 @entity1 with an old inferior wall @entity1188 and proximal occlusion of the right coronary artery. None of the 53 @entity1 without significant proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery showed exercise-related ST segment changes in lead V4R. Exercise-related ST segment deviation in lead V4R had a sensitivity of 56%, a specificity of 96% and a predictive accuracy of 84% in recognizing proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery. These observations indicate that the recording of lead V4R is of value for predicting or excluding proximal @entity850 in the right coronary artery.

title: Value of lead V4R in exercise testing to predict proximal XXXX of the right coronary artery.

entities_list: @entity17750 :: ('p|SUB|V|4|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['V4R']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess 1) the effectiveness of male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related @entity647 and related mortality; and 2) whether this effect varies across different @entity1 subgroups. DESIGN: Systematic Review and meta-analysis: Data were identified by querying MEDLINE and EMBASE (including proceedings of major conferences on blood transfusions), searching the Internet for hemovigilance reports, reviewing reference lists of eligible articles and contacting experts in the field. Eligible were all studies reporting transfusion-related @entity647 incidence, all-cause mortality (primary outcomes), hospital length of stay, time to extubation, PaO2/FIO2-ratio or blood pressure changes (secondary outcomes) in recipients of plasma transfusions containing relatively more plasma from individuals at low risk of carrying leukocyte-antibodies ("male plasma") than those receiving comparator plasma ("control plasma"). No limits were placed on study design, population or language. The only exclusion criteria were non- @entity1 subjects and lack of control group. Prespecified study quality indicators (including risk of bias assessment) and potential effect modifiers were tested using Cochran's Q Test. Final analyses using random-effects models and I2 to assess heterogeneity were performed in the subset of studies judged to provide the best evidence and separately for significantly different subgroups using STATA 12.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). SETTING: As per primary studies. @entity1 /SUBJECTS: As per primary studies. INTERVENTIONS: As per primary studies (generally: exposure to plasma containing relatively more male plasma than comparator plasma). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From a total of 850 retrieved records, we identified 45 eligible studies. For transfusion-related @entity647 incidence, final analysis was restricted to 13 cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial in which transfusion-related @entity647 cases only involved plasma transfusions. Risk of transfusion-related @entity647 and mortality in plasma recipients exposed to @entity1 when compared with control plasma were 0.27 (95% CI, 0.20-0.38; p < 0.001; I = 0%; n = 14; 286 events) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-1.00; p = 0.04; I = 79%; n = 7; 5, 710 events), respectively. No other significant interactions were found. Secondary outcomes showed similar results but were less reported and the studies were more heterogeneous. Sensitivity analyses did not alter the results. There was no evidence of publication bias. DISCUSSION: More than 800 million @entity1 in 17 countries are subject to male-predominant plasma transfusion policy and at least three more countries are planning or considering adoption of this strategy. On the basis of most observational data, judged to be of high quality, male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy reduces plasma-related transfusion-related @entity647 incidence and possibly mortality. There was no evidence that the effect differs across @entity1 subgroups, but power to detect such differences was low.

title: Male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['acute lung injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is a major public health problem affecting predominantly older adults. Nonadherence to diet remains a significant contributor to @entity712 ( @entity697 ). The @entity1372 -restricted Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 (DASH/SRD) eating @entity65 that can lead to @entity697 and is consistent with current @entity712 guidelines. We propose that an intervention that promotes adherence to the DASH/SRD by home-delivering meals will be safe and improve health-related quality of life (QOL) in older adults after hospitalization for @entity697 . METHODS/DESIGN: This is a 3-center, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial of 12-week duration designed to determine the safety and efficacy of home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals in older adults after discharge from @entity697 hospitalization. Sixty-six subjects will be randomized in a 1:1 stratified fashion by gender and left ventricular ejection fraction (<50% vs >= 50%). Study subjects will receive either preprepared, home-delivered DASH/SRD-compliant meals or usual dietary advice for 4weeks after hospital discharge. Investigators will be blinded to group assignment, food diaries, and urinary electrolyte measurements until study completion. The primary efficacy end point is the change in the Kansas @entity296 Questionnaire summary scores for health-related QOL from study enrollment to 4weeks postdischarge. Safety evaluation will focus on @entity551 , @entity177 , and @entity4144 . Exploratory end points include echocardiography, noninvasive vascular testing, markers of oxidative stress, and salt taste sensitivity. CONCLUSION: This randomized controlled trial will test the efficacy, feasibility, and safety of 4weeks of DASH/SRD after @entity697 hospitalization. By testing a novel dietary intervention supported by multiple levels of evidence including preliminary data in outpatients with stable @entity712 , we will address a critical evidence gap in the care of older @entity1 with @entity697 . If effective and safe, this intervention could be scaled to assess effects on readmission and healthcare costs in older adults after @entity697 .

title: Evaluating the safety and efficacy of @entity1372 -restricted/Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity101 diet after acute decompensated @entity712 hospitalization: design and rationale for the Geriatric OUt of hospital Randomized MEal Trial in XXXX (GOURMET- @entity712 ).

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'acute decompensated HF', 'Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['City Cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['plan reduces cardiovascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 accounts for a large proportion of cardiovascular system associated morbidity and mortality. We studied the possible association between the histopathological changes of the @entity453 and the risk of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) using autopsy cases. METHODS: We performed an autopsy analysis (n   =   13, 4 @entity1 , 9 @entity1 mean age 67.5 years; age range 56-93 years) of @entity1164 which occurred in @entity1 aged over 50 years during March 2010 to December 2013. The following variables were considered: sex, age, medical history, autopsy findings to macroscopic and histological evaluation of the heart. The autopsies were performed according to standard techniques. In all subjects, the heart was dissected following standard autopsy protocol and a 5 cm section of the right coronary artery (RCA) in the atrio-ventricular groove from its origin, a 5 cm segment of the left anterior descending artery (LADA) distal to the origin of the circumflex artery, but including the region of origin of the circumflex branch and left coronary artery (LCA) from its origin till the circumflex branch were excised, dissected out, fixed in 10  % @entity406 , marked for identification and sent for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: @entity731 were identified in 6.5  % of specimens, 69.34  % of males and 30.66  % of female. Such plaques were typically concentric and more represented with @entity39 , @entity730 , @entity165 crystals, and giant cells, as well as had a higher inflammatory cell count. Furthermore, intima and media thickness of coronary arteries were significantly higher in studied specimens with visualize the connective tissue layers of the adventitia and the @entity844 containing adipose cells in the periadventitial tissue. Furthermore, the degree of @entity75 of @entity731 increased proportionally with the increase in the intensity of lipid deposition and with the percentage of collagen in the @entity731 . CONCLUSION: In this study, age estimate to be a risk factor for @entity453 in individuals more than 50 years old and may be used to predict @entity1164 . Altogether, an enhanced understanding of the pathobiologic processes responsible for @entity731 changes might allow for early identification of a high-risk coronary plaque and thereby provide a rationale for innovative diagnostic and/or therapeutic strategies for the management of coronary @entity1 and prevention of @entity1187 .

title: A histopathological analysis of the epidemiology of XXXX : an autopsy study.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['microscopic lesion']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis', 'coronary atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerotic plaques', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity4263 ( @entity4263 ) is an uncommon @entity299 characterized by the atria connecting with the anatomically discordant ventricles and the ventricles connecting with discordant and transposed great arteries. Parallel vessels are evident in corrected @entity13808 , but as this sign is also present in complete @entity13808 , a @entity4297 requiring major cardiac surgery in the postnatal period, it is important to differentiate between the entities prenatally. Most cases of @entity4263 have associated anomalies but isolated forms or those with a mild @entity299 are infrequently detected prenatally. We report on three cases detected between 21 and 25 weeks' gestation on screening ultrasound with associated mild findings. One fetus had an isolated @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) first detected at 34 weeks. The @entity1 developed @entity616 at 4 years of age. The second case was associated with a small @entity1757 , a tiny pulmonary trunk and a persistent right umbilical vein. After birth, mild @entity849 was found as an additional cardiac finding at 4 months of age. The third fetus had no additional @entity299 prenatally, but after birth a bicuspid aortic valve was detected. The first case needed pacemaker implantation but the other two @entity1 required no cardiac surgery. Two of the cases were referred because abnormal vessel anatomy was detected on screening ultrasound. As prenatal detection of @entity13808 is becoming a more frequent occurrence, this paper aims to present clues aiding in the prenatal diagnosis of @entity713 , especially in its differentiation from complete transposition. These details are crucial for counseling and perinatal management.

title: XXXX : clues for prenatal diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular and ventriculoarterial discordance']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4263 :: ('MESH:C535426', 'Disease') :: ['Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries', 'ccTGA']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac defect', 'cardiac anomalies', 'associated cardiac anomaly']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['heart anomaly']

answer: @entity4263 :: (MESH:C535426,Disease) :: ['Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries']


abstract: AIMS: Radiotherapy utilisation is likely affected by multiple factors pertaining to radiotherapy access. Radiotherapy is an integral component of breast-conserving treatment (BCT) for early @entity0 . We aimed to determine if stepwise improvements in radiotherapy access in regional Australia affected the uptake of BCT and thus radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 operations in the Central Coast of New South Wales between January 2010 and March 2014 for T1-2N0-1M0 invasive or in situ ( <=5  cm) disease in female @entity1 eligible for BCT were examined. BCT uptake was calculated for three 1 year periods: period 1 (local radiotherapy available at cost to user or out of area radiotherapy with travel cost and inconvenience); @entity5394 (as per period 1  +  publicly funded transport and radiotherapy at out of area facilities at no cost to user); @entity5395 (as per period 1  +  publicly funded local radiotherapy at no cost to user). RESULTS: In total, 574 cases met eligibility criteria. BCT declined with increasing distance to publicly funded radiotherapy (P  =  0.035). BCT rates for @entity25078 were 63% (113/180), 61% (105/173) and 71% (156/221). There were no statistically significant differences in BCT between @entity5394 in the whole cohort or within age, histology or @entity5 size subgroups. Overall, there was a 9% increase in BCT in the whole cohort in @entity5395 compared with @entity5394 (P  =  0.031). This increase was statistically significant for @entity1 over 70 years (19% increase, P  =  0.034), for @entity1 with @entity513 in situ (25% increase, P  =  0.013) and for @entity1 with @entity5 that were  <=10  mm (21% increase, P  =  0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Improving the affordability of radiotherapy through publicly funded transport and radiotherapy at out of area facilities did not improve BCT uptake in a region where radiotherapy was locally available, albeit at cost to the user. Improving both affordability and convenience through the provision of local publicly funded radiotherapy increased BCT uptake. Service availability and affordability have long been recognised as important determinants of radiotherapy access. Our findings suggest that inconvenience may also influence radiotherapy utilisation.

title: Examining Determinants of Radiotherapy Access: Do Cost and Radiotherapy Inconvenience Affect Uptake of Breast-conserving Treatment for Early XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: Phosphonates are a large class of @entity5139 compounds with a characteristic @entity505 - @entity3151 bond. The genes responsible for @entity14872 utilization in Gram-negative bacteria are arranged in an operon of 14 genes. The @entity505 - @entity3151 lyase complex, encoded by the genes phnGHIJKLM, catalyzes the cleavage of the stable @entity505 - @entity3151 bond of @entity60417 to the corresponding @entity7294 and inorganic @entity4613 . Recently, complexes of this enzyme containing five subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J-K), four subunits (PhnG- @entity8108 -I-J), and two subunits (PhnG-I) were purified after expression in @entity526 ( Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U. S. A. 2011 , 108 , 11393 ). Here we demonstrated using mass spectrometry, ultracentrifugation, and chemical cross-linking experiments that these complexes are formed from a PhnG2I2 core that is further elaborated by the addition of two copies each of PhnH and PhnJ to generate PhnG2H2I2J2. This complex adds an additional subunit of PhnK to form PhnG2H2I2J2K. Chemical cross-linking of the five-component complex demonstrated that PhnJ physically interacts with both PhnG and PhnI. We were unable to demonstrate the interaction of PhnH or PhnK with any other subunits by chemical cross-linking. @entity3884 - @entity6189 exchange was utilized to probe for alterations in the dynamic properties of individual subunits within the various complexes. Significant regions of PhnG become less accessible to @entity3884 / @entity6189 exchange from solvent within the PhnG2I2 complex compared with PhnG alone. Specific regions of PhnI exhibited significant differences in the @entity8108 /D exchange rates in PhnG2I2 and PhnG2H2I2J2K.

title: Subunit Interactions within the @entity505 - @entity3151 Lyase Complex from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14872 :: ('CHEBI:26066', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphonate']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen', 'Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity6189 :: ('MESH:D003903', 'Chemical') :: ['deuterium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity60417 :: ('MESH:D063065', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphonates']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because a combination of @entity1968 , interferon-alpha, and radiation therapy demonstrated synergistic action and effectiveness to treat @entity5 in earlier studies, we designed this randomized phase 2 open-label trial to assess efficacy and safety of @entity4020 ( @entity3027 ) and @entity10211 (RA) administered concomitantly with radiation therapy ( @entity3027 -RA-radiation) to treat @entity5 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Stage III cervical @entity5 @entity1 were randomized to study and control groups in a 1:1 ratio. All @entity1 were treated with radiation therapy; study arm @entity1 received @entity3027 (3  *  10(6) IU subcutaneously) 3 times a week for 4  weeks and daily RA (40  mg orally) for 30  days starting on day 1 of radiation, whereas control arm @entity1 received weekly @entity900 (40  mg/m(2)) for 5  weeks during radiation. @entity1 were followed for 3  years. The primary endpoint was overall survival at 3  years. RESULTS: @entity1 in the study (n=104) and control (n=105) groups were comparable for clinicopathological characteristics, radiation therapy-related variables and treatment response. Proportions of disease-free @entity1 in the study and control groups were 38.5% and 44.8%, respectively, after median follow-up of 29.2  months. Hazard ratios were 0.67 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.44-1.01) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.44-1.06) for overall and disease-fee survival, respectively, comparing the study group to control, and demonstrated an inferior outcome with RA- @entity3027 -radiation, although differences were statistically nonsignificant. Kaplan-Meier curves of disease-free and overall survival probabilities also showed inferior survival in the study group compared to those in the control. Acute @entity137 of chemoradiation were significantly higher with 2 acute @entity137 -related @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with RA- @entity3027 -radiation did not demonstrate survival advantage over chemoradiation despite being less toxic. The trends predicted an inferior outcome with the RA- @entity3027 combination.

title: Phase 2 Randomized Controlled Trial of Radiation Therapy Plus Concurrent Interferon-Alpha and @entity1968 Versus @entity900 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical cancers', 'cancer', 'stage III cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['13-cis-retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4020 :: ('3440', 'Gene') :: ['interferon alpha-2b']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Stage III Cervical Carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell based vaccines encoding @entity57023 ( @entity57023 ) and Hyper-IL-11 (H11) present high activity in @entity19 @entity320 and @entity703 model. We evaluated the efficacy of cellular vaccines modified with @entity57023 or H11 combined with @entity786 in orthotopic @entity19 @entity263 model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity14913 cells were transduced with @entity57023 and H11 cDNA ( @entity14913 - @entity57023 and @entity14913 -H11). An orthotopic @entity14913 model based on the implantation of @entity14913 cells into the dorsolateral lobe of the prostate of C57BL6/J @entity19 was employed. The efficacy of @entity14913 - @entity57023 and @entity14913 -H11 vaccines evaluated in the therapeutic setting was compared with the @entity14913 cells modified with a mock transduced E1-deleted adenoviral vector ( @entity14913 -AdV) and non-modified irradiated @entity14913 cells ( @entity14913 IRR) in relation to naive (non-immunized) @entity19 . In the next experimental groups @entity19 vaccinated with @entity14913 - @entity57023 and @entity14913 -H11 received @entity786 (CY). Detection of immune cells in the spleen in @entity19 receiving vaccines combined with CY was evaluated. RESULTS: Modification of @entity14913 cells with @entity57023 increased the efficacy of @entity14913 -based whole-cell vaccine. The highest response rate was observed in @entity19 receiving @entity14913 - @entity57023 alone and combined with CY. Vaccination with @entity14913 - @entity57023 alone and combined with CY and @entity14913 H11 combined with CY extended median OS of @entity19 bearing orthotopic @entity14913 @entity5 in therapeutic setting. Low dose CY administered alone demonstrated some antitumor activity in employed model. @entity14913 - @entity57023 or @entity14913 -H11 combined with CY strongly augmented generation of CD8+, CD4+ T lymphocytes and memory T cells. Immunization with @entity14913 combined with or without CY suppressed generation of T regulatory cells. CONSLUSIONS: @entity263 vaccines modified with @entity57023 or H11 induce prostate @entity5 regression and increase @entity19 survival by stimulating the immune system. @entity786 added to modified @entity14913 vaccines demonstrated clinical benefit of treated @entity19 and enhanced anti- @entity5 immune response.

title: Cell-based Hyper-interleukin 6 or Hyper-interleukin 11 secreting vaccines combined with low dose @entity786 in an orthotopic XXXX @entity263 model.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide', 'Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Hemorrhagic @entity583 ( @entity583 ) was studied after @entity2798 ( @entity2798 ) in 30 @entity1 undergoing autopsy. Urokinase, 240,000 to 1,200,000 U, was selectively injected into the @entity1188 -related coronary artery at 2 to 9 hr (4 +/- 2 hr) after the onset of @entity583 . The @entity1188 -related coronary artery showed complete occlusion in 21, 99% @entity850 in eight, and 90% @entity850 in one @entity1 before @entity2798 . After @entity2798 , complete occlusion was seen in only five, 99% @entity850 in 22, and 90% @entity850 in three @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had transmural @entity1188 and the other two had @entity1188 . Macroscopically and microscopically, the degree of @entity548 was classified as no, slight, moderate, or marked bleeding and the @entity385 was defined as moderate or marked @entity548 in the @entity1188 area. According to the interval from @entity2798 to @entity204 , @entity1 were also classified into stage I (early acute stage, 1 to 4 hr after @entity2798 and 4 to 13 hr after the onset of @entity583 ; n = 7), stage II (late acute stage, 9 hr to 11 days after @entity2798 and 15 hr to 11 days after the onset of @entity583 ; n = 18), or stage III (old @entity1188 stage, over 17 days after @entity583 and @entity2798 ; n = 5). There were no significant differences with respect to the frequency of recanalization, the time from the onset of @entity583 to @entity2798 , the dose of urokinase, or other clinical parameters among @entity1 at the three stages. Only the hearts of @entity1 in stage II showed @entity385 , and it was found in 15 of 18 of these hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A clinicopathologic study of @entity1 with hemorrhagic XXXX treated with selective coronary thrombolysis with urokinase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'diffuse bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial infarction', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic infarction']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['selective intracoronary thrombolysis', 'SICT']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) is a current promising intervention in @entity64 rehabilitation, but more research is warranted for examining its efficacy and the dose-benefit relation. The authors investigated the effects of higher intensity versus lower intensity @entity34 on movements of forearm pronation-supination and wrist flexion-extension relative to conventional rehabilitation (CR) in @entity1 poststroke for a mean of 21 months. METHODS: In this pilot study, 18 @entity1 with initial mean Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of 37 to 44 for the upper extremity were randomized to higher intensity @entity34 , lower intensity @entity34 , or CR intervention for 4 weeks. The dose of the higher intensity @entity34 was twice the number of repetitions in the lower intensity @entity34 . Outcome measures at pretreatment and posttreatment were administered to @entity1 to evaluate beneficial and adverse effects of interventions. Primary outcomes were the FMA and Medical Research Council scale. RESULTS: There were significant differences in motor function (P = .04) and daily performance (P = .03) among the 3 groups. The higher intensity @entity34 group showed better improvement in motor function, muscle strength, performance of daily activities, and bimanual ability than the other 2 groups. The intensive @entity34 intervention did not induce higher levels of an oxidative DNA biomarker. CONCLUSIONS: Higher intensity of @entity34 that assists forearm and wrist movements may lead to greater improvement in motor ability and functional performance in @entity64 @entity1 . A sample size of only 20 to 25 in each arm of a larger randomized controlled trial is needed to confirm the findings for similar subjects.

title: Effects of treatment intensity in upper limb robot-assisted therapy for XXXX : a pilot randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Robot-assisted therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: Flavonoids, such as daidzein and genistein, present in dietary plants like @entity1460 , have unique chemical properties with biological activity relevant to @entity5 . Many flavonoids and polyphenols, including resveratrol in red wine and epigallocatechin gallate in green tea, are known antioxidants. Some of these compounds have estrogenic (and antiestrogenic) activity and are commonly referred to as phytoestrogens. A @entity375 -based estrogen receptor (ER) reporter assay has been used to measure the ability of flavonoids to bind to ER and activate estrogen responsive genes. Recently, estrogenic compounds were also shown to trigger rapid, nongenomic effects. The molecular mechanisms, however, have not been completely detailed and little information exists regarding their relevance to @entity5 progression. As a preliminary step toward elucidating rapid phytoestrogen action on @entity0 cells, we investigated the effect of 17-beta estradiol (E2), genistein, daidzein and resveratrol on the activation status of signaling proteins that regulate cell survival and invasion, the cell properties underlying @entity0 progression. The effect of these estrogenic compounds on the activation, via phosphorylation, of @entity584 / @entity25449 ( @entity584 ) and @entity3818 ( @entity3818 ) were analyzed in ER-positive and -negative @entity1 @entity0 cell lines. E2, genistein and daidzein increased whereas resveratrol decreased both @entity584 and @entity3818 phosphorylation in nonmetastatic ER-positive T47D cells. In metastatic ER-negative MDA-MB-231 cells, all estrogenic compounds tested increased @entity584 and @entity3818 phosphorylation. The inhibitory action of resveratrol on cell survival and proliferation is ER dependent. Therefore, all estrogenic compounds tested, including resveratrol, may exert supplementary ER-independent nongenomic effects on cell survival and migration in @entity0 cells.

title: Flavonoid effects relevant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity3818 :: ('5747', 'Gene') :: ['FAK', 'focal adhesion kinase']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: @entity1014 kinase (TK) is a growth factor-inducible enzyme that is highly expressed in proliferating @entity1 cells. Expression of @entity19 TK mRNA is controlled by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms including antisense transcription. Here we report the identification of a novel gene that is divergently transcribed from the bidirectional TK promoter. This gene encodes @entity10594 formamidase (KF), an enzyme of the @entity2340 metabolism. Whereas the TK gene is induced upon @entity2047 -mediated activation of resting T cells, the KF gene becomes simultaneously repressed. The TK promoter is regulated by E2F, @entity10591 , histone acetyltransferases, and deacetylases. The binding site for the growth-regulated transcription factor E2F is beneficial for TK promoter activity but not required for KF expression. In contrast, the @entity10591 binding site is crucial for transcription in both directions. Inhibition of histone deacetylases by @entity3996 leads to increased histone acetylation at the TK/KF promoter and thereby to selective activation of the TK promoter and simultaneous shut-off of KF expression. Similarly, TK gene activation by @entity2047 is linked to histone hyperacetylation, whereas KF expression correlates with reduced histone acetylation. The KF gene is the rare example of a @entity1 gene whose expression is linked to histone hypoacetylation at its promoter.

title: Alternate activation of two divergently transcribed XXXX genes from a bidirectional promoter is linked to changes in histone modification.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['Thymidine']

entities_list: @entity10594 :: ('CHEBI:16946', 'Chemical') :: ['kynurenine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the effect of @entity221 ( @entity221 ) on central conduction pathways by alterations in pattern visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) in normal and demyelinated optic nerves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied PVEP peak latency and amplitudes in 10 normal subjects and six @entity1 with demyelinating @entity1781 before and during @entity221 . RESULTS: In normal subjects, a mean rise in temperature of 2.5 degrees C resulted in a decrease in the second positive peak (P2) latency of 6.1 ms (p < 0.0001) and a slight decline in P2 amplitude of 1.16 muV (p < 0.009). These results were compared to those obtained from six @entity1 with @entity15 . These @entity1 had a history of monocular @entity7995 ; two @entity1 had had bilateral @entity7995 , and one @entity1 had not had involvement of the optic nerve. Average temperature elevations during PVEPs were 1.60 degrees C. PVEPs among these @entity1 showed decrease in mean P2 latencies, except in @entity1 with @entity15 , who showed an increase in latency with 60 min check size in the left eyes. There was a consistent decline in P2 amplitudes. Loss of amplitude was greater among the six optic nerves of those @entity1 having transient, mild losses in visual acuity during @entity221 . Reductions in P2 amplitude were best explained by partial or complete conduction block. CONCLUSIONS: These changes in conduction time and amplitude during @entity221 provide a neurophysiologic correlation to the well-known sensitivity of demyelinated optic nerves to elevated temperatures. They are also relevant to the monitoring of central pathways in the operative or intensive care setting. The demonstrated reversible @entity393 also gives promise to therapeutic manipulation of impaired pathways by impeding the loss of current from denuded nerve fibers.

title: Visual evoked potentials during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of amplitudes']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'HT']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['hyperthermia']


abstract: A predictive technique in the management of @entity1 with @entity5 could improve the therapeutic index by allowing better individualization of treatment. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a noninvasive technique that can provide anatomical and physiological information on the @entity5 and its microenvironment. We studied the effect of chemotherapy ( @entity136 ), anti-angiogenesis therapy ( @entity2240 ) and radiotherapy on the kinetics of DCE-MRI parameters in a preclinical model of @entity788 using P846, a new low-diffusible contrast agent. @entity19 underwent DCE-MRI before treatment ( @entity71905 ), after 1 week of treatment (MRI2), and after 1 additional week (MRI3). Combined treatment with radiotherapy and @entity2240 had a synergistic effect on @entity5 growth. In radiotherapy/ @entity2240 -treated @entity19 , a decrease in K(trans) at MRI2 predicted its superior antivascular and antitumor effect at an early time. An increased K(trans) at MRI2, as seen in @entity136 - and @entity136 / @entity2240 -treated @entity19 , reflects increased permeability for P846 and might predict a smaller therapeutic effect at this early time. This study shows that the kinetics of DCE-MRI parameters depends on the contrast agent used. P846 appears to be a promising low-diffusible agent to monitor therapeutic effects in this preclinical @entity5 model, but further studies are needed to compare its behavior with @entity7241 and macromolecular-weight contrast agents. @entity2240 as a radiosensitizer is promising for future clinical trials in @entity1 @entity788 .

title: Noninvasive monitoring of therapy-induced microvascular changes in a XXXX model using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with P846, a new low-diffusible gadolinium-based contrast agent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['Sunitinib', 'sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Delivery of chitosan to subchondral bone is a novel approach for augmented marrow stimulation. We evaluated the effect of 3 presolidified @entity1503 implant formulations on osteochondral repair progression compared with untreated defects. DESIGN: In N = 5 adult @entity742 , @entity70683 -mm diameter Jamshidi biopsy holes were created bilaterally in the medial femoral condyle and treated with presolidified @entity1503 implant with fluorescent chitosan tracer (10 kDa, 40 kDa, or 150k Da chitosan, left knee) or left to bleed (untreated, right knee). Implant residency and osteochondral repair were assessed at 1 day (N = 1), 3 weeks (N = 2), or 3 months (N = 2) postoperative using fluorescence microscopy, histomorphometry, stereology, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS: Chitosan implants were retained in 89% of treated Jamshidi holes up to 3 weeks postoperative. At 3 weeks, biopsy sites were variably covered by cartilage flow, and most bone holes contained cartilage flow fragments and heterogeneous granulation tissues with sparse leukocytes, stromal cells, and occasional adipocytes (volume density 1% to 3%). After 3 months of repair, most Jamshidi bone holes were deeper, remodeling at the edges, filled with angiogenic granulation tissue, and lined with variably sized chondrogenic foci fused to bone trabeculae or actively repairing bone plate. The 150-kDa chitosan implant elicited more subchondral cartilage formation compared with 40-kDa chitosan-treated and control defects (P < 0.05, N = 4). Treated defects contained more mineralized repair tissue than control defects at 3 months (P < 0.05, N = 12). CONCLUSION: Bone plate-induced chondroinduction is an articular cartilage repair mechanism. Jamshidi biopsy repair takes longer than 3 months and can be influenced by subchondral @entity1503 implant.

title: Bone-Induced Chondroinduction in XXXX Jamshidi Biopsy Defects with and without Treatment by Subchondral Chitosan-Blood Implant: 1-Day, 3-Week, and 3-Month Repair.

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['chitosan-blood']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14799 ( @entity14799 ) encompasses several syndromes of bilateral symmetric, spongy degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. The familial form of @entity14799 is rare, and inheritance is either autosomal recessive or maternal. METHOD: The authors describe an Israeli Bedouin kindred in which 15 @entity1 born to consanguineous parents were affected with @entity14799 . They evaluated the clinical and radiologic evolution of the disease in 11 @entity1 and the cerebral pathologic findings in one @entity1 . Three of the @entity1 were treated with oral @entity1885 100 mg/day. RESULTS: Inheritance was apparently autosomal recessive. The untreated @entity1 had a similar clinical picture including @entity1167 beginning at the age of 7 to 15 months, @entity8684 , and @entity1282 . @entity346 appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe @entity21 . Postmortem study in one @entity1 showed severe @entity194 of the lenticular nuclei with @entity5219 and @entity528 . @entity1885 , 100 mg/day, administered to the proband over a period of 15 months, may have slowed progression. In two other @entity1 treatment was initiated earlier and appeared to arrest or improve disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14799 was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Clinical features included @entity1167 , @entity1282 , and @entity8684 . Imaging and pathology showed @entity194 and @entity21 . Oral @entity1885 may have benefited three @entity1 .

title: @entity14799 : clinical features and response to XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1885 :: ('MESH:D001710', 'Chemical') :: ['biotin', 'Biotin']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['developmental arrest']

entities_list: @entity14799 :: ('MESH:C537500', 'Disease') :: ['familial IBSN', 'Infantile bilateral striatal necrosis', 'Familial infantile bilateral striatal necrosis', 'IBSN']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['Pendular nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration of the basal ganglia', 'basal ganglia atrophy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['loss of neurons']

answer: @entity1885 :: (MESH:D001710,Chemical) :: ['biotin']


abstract: Microalbuminuria is a common condition associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. @entity1144 is associated with microalbuminuria, but studies linking @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and microalbuminuria are limited. Our objective was to determine the associations of @entity633 with @entity1386 and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). We performed a cross-sectional study in the Framingham Multi-Detector Computed Tomography (MDCT) cohort (n = 3099, 48.2% @entity1 , mean age 53 years). @entity1386 and @entity1386 volumes were measured using computed tomography. Urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio (UACR) was calculated from spot urine samples. Microalbuminuria was defined as a UACR >25 mg/g in @entity1 or >17 mg/g in @entity1 . Overall, 7.9% (n = 244) of the sample had microalbuminuria. Among @entity1 , @entity1386 ( @entity44321 per s.d., P < 0.0001) and @entity1386 (OR 1.37 per s.d., P = 0.0002) were associated with microalbuminuria in minimally adjusted models, which remained significant after multivariable adjustment ( @entity1386 OR 1.34 per s.d., P = 0.001; @entity1386 OR 1.28 per s.d., P = 0.005). Additionally, when considered jointly, @entity1386 (P = 0.002) but not @entity1386 (P = 0.2) was associated with microalbuminuria. In @entity1 , @entity1386 was associated with microalbuminuria after minimal adjustment (OR 1.28, P = 0.01), but not after multivariable adjustment (OR 1.03, P = 0.8). In multivariable models in @entity1 , @entity1386 was associated with a decreased odds of having microalbuminuria (OR 0.75 per s.d., P = 0.03). In conclusion, @entity1386 is associated with microalbuminuria in @entity1 but not @entity1 . @entity633 may be a manifestation of @entity10478 .

title: Association of subcutaneous and XXXX with @entity633 : the Framingham Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['visceral adiposity']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal obesity']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'visceral adipose tissue', 'SAT', 'VAT']

answer: @entity10478 :: (OMIM:155310,Disease) :: ['visceral adiposity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is an independent predictor of future @entity299 . MATERIAL/METHODS: We evaluated the relationship between @entity384 ( @entity384 ) in brachial artery and coronary risk factors in 93 @entity1 (70 males, mean age: 62    8 years) with ACS treated with primary angioplasty (PCI). The @entity1 were divided into 2 subgroups: 43 @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity3918 ) and 50 non- @entity6 (non- @entity3918 ). @entity1 were examined on the 3rd day after ACS and after 6 months. @entity384 on the 3rd day were significantly lower in @entity3918 than in non- @entity3918 (5.8    2.2% vs. 8.8    4.9%, p=0.0007) and after 6 months (6.2    2.6% vs. 9.4    4.4%, p<0.0001). It was also observed that the improvement of @entity384 in both groups after a 6-month follow-up inversely correlated with the increase of left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (r=-0.41, p<0.001). RESULTS: There was an inverse relationship between @entity384 and age (r=-0.26, p<0.01), BMI (r=-0.26, p<0,005), total @entity165 (r=-0.56, p<0.001) and LDL @entity165 (r=-0.53, p<0.001). There was no relationship between @entity1674 , @entity101 and history of smoking. In the @entity3918 group, @entity384 negatively correlated with HbA1c (r=-0.68, p<0.001). @entity256 rate was significantly higher in the @entity3918 group (19% vs. 6%, p<0.001) but there was no relationship between @entity384 and @entity256 . CONCLUSIONS: Impaired @entity384 is more significant in @entity6 than in non- @entity6 @entity1 with ACS. Lack of improvement of @entity384 after @entity1187 can be a predictor of detrimental left ventricular remodeling in @entity1 with ACS.

title: Endothelial function and left ventricular remodeling in XXXX and non- @entity6 @entity1 after @entity1187 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus type 2']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['flow-mediated dilation', 'FMD']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis', 'Restenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of critically ill pregnant and postpartum @entity1 with @entity281 reported in the 2013-2014 season. METHODS: The California Department of Public Health conducts surveillance for @entity1 with laboratory-confirmed @entity683 who die or require hospitalization in intensive care units. For this case series, we reviewed data on pregnant and postpartum (6 weeks or less from delivery) @entity1 reported in the 2013-2014 @entity683 season. RESULTS: From September 29, 2013, through May 17, 2014, 17 pregnant @entity1 with severe @entity683 were reported. The median age was 29 years (range 17-44 years). Sixteen (94%) were in the second or third trimester. Fifteen (88%) @entity1 were hospitalized, nine (53%) required mechanical ventilation, five (29%) required emergent cesarean delivery, and four (24%) died. Of 14 @entity1 with available information, only two (14%) received @entity683 vaccination during pregnancy. Seven @entity1 who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction also had rapid @entity683 diagnostic testing performed; only one (14%) had a positive rapid @entity683 diagnostic test results. Fifteen patients received antiviral treatment; four (27%) began treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. One additional @entity1 was 36 days postpartum and required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation for @entity683 -associated acute @entity649 . CONCLUSION: Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant and postpartum @entity1 ; in our series, a majority were not vaccinated. During the @entity683 season, pregnant @entity1 with suspected @entity683 should receive prompt empiric antiviral therapy, regardless of rapid @entity683 diagnostic test results or vaccination status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III.

title: Pregnancy and severe XXXX in the 2013-2014 @entity683 season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['influenza infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4057 ( @entity4057 ) in the management of @entity4760 unresponsive to conventional treatment and surgical intervention. METHOD: Consecutive @entity6 @entity1 with foot wounds presenting at the vascular surgery unit and the @entity6 foot unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital were selected for @entity4057 . @entity4058 medicinal maggots were applied to the @entity1066 for three days per week. Changes in the percentage of @entity39 tissue and @entity1066 surface area were recorded each week over the 12-week follow-up period. Semiquantitative swab technique was used to determine the bacterial load before and after @entity4057 . RESULTS: The sample comprised 10 @entity1 with 13 @entity4760 . The mean baseline @entity1066 surface area was 23.5cm2 (range 1.3-63.1), and the mean percentage of @entity39 tissue was 74.9% (range 29.9-100). Complete debridement was achieved in all @entity1066 in a mean of 1.9 weeks (range 1-4). Five @entity1066 (38.5%) were completely debrided with one three-day @entity4057 cycle. The mean reduction in @entity1066 size was significant at 90.2%, and this occurred in a mean of 8.1 weeks (range 2-12). The mean weekly reduction in @entity1066 size was 16.1% (range 8.3-50). Full wound healing occurred in 11 @entity1066 (84.6%) within a mean of 7.3 weeks (range 2-10). The bacterial load of all @entity1066 reduced sharply after the first @entity4057 cycle to below the 10(5) threshold, which facilitates healing. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the potential benefits of @entity4057 in @entity6 wound care in developing countries. @entity4057 was proved to be a rapid, simple and efficient method of treating these @entity1066 .

title: Clinical and microbiological efficacy of XXXX in the treatment of @entity4760 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4057 :: ('MESH:D009198', 'Disease') :: ['MDT', 'maggot debridement therapy']

entities_list: @entity4058 :: ('13632', 'Species') :: ['Lucilia sericata']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcers']

answer: @entity4057 :: (MESH:D009198,Disease) :: ['MDT']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Optimal design of stents for a @entity438 is desired for efficient flow reduction in the @entity439 . OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to optimize stent design at several porosities, estimate the influence of stent design on @entity439 flow, and evaluate the ability of stents to reduce flow. METHODS: Stent models were constructed as sets of squares or rectangles in the necks of a two-dimensional (2D) and realistic @entity439 . Then, automated optimization was performed using a combination of simulated annealing and lattice Boltzmann flow simulation. RESULTS: By simulated annealing, stents were gradually modified to reduce the average velocity in an @entity439 . As a result of optimization, stents of all porosities demonstrated an inhomogeneous distribution with dense struts in the inflow area. Flow reduction was increased compared with the initial stent. Under the condition of high porosity, flow reduction by the stent drastically increased as porosity decreased. Under low porosity, the increase of velocity reduction was moderate even as porosity decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Optimization can enhance flow reduction by stents. However, the increase in reduction associated with decreasing porosity is moderate under lower-porosity conditions. This threshold may help in the choice of stent porosity for each specific @entity439 .

title: Porosity dependency of an optimized stent design for an XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: Aims. The polymorphisms of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be involved in @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) pathogenesis and its complications. Methods. We investigated in 102 @entity2175 @entity1 the association of the cytokine polymorphisms in the @entity310 , @entity688 , @entity650 , @entity2533 , and @entity379 genes with the @entity2175 microvascular complications and comorbidities ( @entity101 , @entity2299 , and @entity28 ). Cytokine genotypes were determined by PCR using Cytokine Genotyping Tray kit. Results. @entity6 was associated with GG genotype and G allele in @entity2533 @entity73115 polymorphism (p = 0.004 and p = 0.018) and the @entity8 was associated the lower frequency of GG genotype in @entity688 @entity28707 polymorphism (p = 0.049). @entity101 was associated with the CC genotype and C allele for @entity688 @entity28709 polymorphism (p = 0.013 and p = 0.009) and higher frequencies of T (p = 0.047) and C (p = 0.033) alleles of the @entity2533 @entity73116 and @entity688 @entity73117 polymorphisms, respectively. The @entity2533 @entity73116 polymorphism was associated with the BMI groups (p = 0.026): the CC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI < 25   Kg/m(2), while the TC genotype was more frequent in the group with BMI = 30   Kg/m(2). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that @entity2533 and @entity688 polymorphisms are involved in complications and comorbidities in @entity2175 @entity1 .

title: Association of a Large Panel of Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms with Complications and Comorbidities in Type 2 XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity73116 :: ('c|SUB|T|CODON10|C', 'DNAMutation') :: ['codon 10T/C']

entities_list: @entity73115 :: ('c|SUB|C|CODON25|G', 'DNAMutation') :: ['codon 25C/G']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: The results following carotid endarterectomy were prospectively evaluated in 134 @entity1 (145 sides) by repeat ultrasonic duplex scanning and clinical evaluation extending for a period of 4 years. There were 107 @entity1 and 27 @entity1 in the study group. The perioperative @entity64 rate was 1.3% and the mortality rate, 0.7%. There were 9 late deaths, of which two were @entity64 related (1.4%). Focal symptoms occurred in 12 @entity1 on the ipsilateral side, six of which were @entity64 (one lacunar). The remaining symptoms developed in the presence of moderate degrees of @entity543 (less than 50%). There were seven @entity1 who had transient @entity63 attacks (TIAs) referable to the operated side, but only two of these were associated with a recurrent high-grade @entity850 . During follow-up 32 (22%) @entity1 had recurrent high-grade @entity850 . Restenosis regressed in seven, giving a persistent rate of 17.1%. The incidence of @entity256 was significantly higher in @entity1 (p less than 0.01). By life-table analysis, @entity256 occurred early, the majority within 24 months. There was no consistent association between the development of symptoms and the occurrence of @entity256 . Therefore, it is concluded that there is no justification for reoperation based on the degree of narrowing observed to prevent subsequent TIAs and @entity64 .

title: Carotid endarterectomy. Relationship of outcome to early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an unmet need for specific and sensitive imaging techniques to assess the efficacy of @entity0 therapy, particularly @entity7171 -expressing @entity5 . Ultrasonic microbubbles are being developed for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, nanobubbles circulate longer, are smaller, and diffuse into extravascular tissue to specifically bind target molecules. Here, we characterize a novel Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble for use against @entity7171 -expressing @entity5 . METHODS: Phospholipid-shelled nanobubbles conjugated with Herceptin (NBs-Her) were fabricated using a thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro in @entity0 cell lines and in vivo in a @entity19 model. RESULTS: The average size of the unconjugated nanobubbles (NBs-Blank) and NBs-Her was 447.1      18.4 and 613.0      25.4  nm, respectively. In cell culture, the NBs-Her adhered to @entity7171 -positive cells significantly better than to @entity7171 -negative cells (p  <  0.05). In vivo, the peak intensity and the half-time to washout of the NBs-Her were significantly greater than those of the NBs-Blank (p  <  0.05). In addition, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging quality was improved through the use of the NBs-Her. The nanobubbles were able to penetrate into @entity5 tissue to allow extravascular imaging, but did not penetrate normal skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble had many properties that made it useful for in vivo imaging, including longer circulation time and better @entity5 selectivity. This platform may be able to provide targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs or genes.

title: Production and characterization of a novel long-acting Herceptin-targeted nanobubble contrast agent specific for XXXX -positive @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity7171 :: (13866(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Her-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity1346 @entity1652 (tubes and "buttons") are used extensively for long-term feeding and administration of special diets and medications. However, their potential for harboring microorganisms and possibly compromising the host largely is unknown. This study was conducted to isolate and identify the microbial species in viable biofilms attached to these devices in a pediatric cohort. METHODS: A total of 78 domains on 18 @entity1346 @entity1652 (12 "buttons" and 6 tubes converted to skin level devices), previously used for feeding (3 to 47 months) in @entity1 ranging in age from 6 months to 17 years were analyzed for microbial content. Biofilms were removed from the @entity1346 tube surfaces and inoculated into enriched nutrient media using standard procedures. Intact biofilms also were observed using @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. RESULTS: All devices analyzed in this investigation were found to exhibit biofilm growth. Of the 24 identified bacterial species, the predominant genera included Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Control studies of the tubes under @entity4653 showed a multitude of crevices serving as niches for microbial colonization. Observation of the attached biofilm by @entity4653 showed various biomasses with numerous morphologies. CONCLUSIONS: Biofilm composition and attachment to @entity1346 enteral access devices has not received appropriate attention previously. This study shows that devices are colonized with various bacteria and fungi posing a potential threat to @entity1 , particularly those who are immunocompromised. These microorganisms also may play a significant role in the formation of granulation tissue and contribute to device failure.

title: Isolation and identification of biofilm microorganisms from @entity1346 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy devices']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['Silicone', 'silicone']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity1652 :: (MESH:D009471,Disease) :: ['gastrostomy devices']


abstract: @entity581 have always had a major role in the treatment of @entity281 . This therapeutic emphasis has been based upon the bactericidal activity of the @entity581 against gram-negative aerobes. This group of organisms is important to the gynecologist because of their frequent isolation from soft tissue, urinary sites, and the bloodstream in @entity1 with nosocomial or community-acquired @entity5280 . In the past decade, there has been increasing clinical awareness of the multi-bacterial nature of these soft tissue @entity5280 . A major therapeutic change directed against gram-negative anaerobes has been the substitution of more effective agents like @entity3402 or @entity868 for the @entity114 arm of the older @entity114 - @entity4028 combination. The majority of @entity1320 treated by gynecologists occur in @entity1 who are younger and usually healthier than those with similar @entity281 who are treated by general surgeons. Consequently, in many instances, single drug therapy with a @entity5898 (usually cefoxitin) is adequate, if combined with surgical drainage when indicated. However, there is an increasingly larger group of @entity1 who are significantly older and who may also have pelvic @entity5 . In addition, they may be immunocompromised. Infections in this group mandate the use of the most effective antimicrobial agents that will cover the broadest spectrum. When anaerobic bacteria are involved, either @entity3402 or @entity868 are acceptable choices; for aerobic gram-negative organisms, an @entity4028 should be used. Recent studies suggest that @entity4509 may be the best choice, since it is associated with a low level of bacterial resistance and has been shown to reduce levels of resistance to other @entity581 . @entity4509 has become the "gold standard" for comparisons with any new @entity2886 or penicillins. New developments will modify the use of @entity581 in the future. The expansion of oncology care with immune-system-modifying chemotherapy and radiation will expose @entity1 to the dangers of gram-negative @entity295 . @entity581 are a logical part of the initial therapeutic regimen for these septic @entity1 . On the other hand, the majority of gynecologic @entity1 with @entity5280 are young and healthy. Recent studies have demonstrated that as many as 40 percent of these @entity1 will be underdosed by standard treatment regimens based upon ideal body weight. This means that @entity1 receiving @entity581 will require monitoring of peak and trough levels to insure therapeutic drug levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity581 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin', 'Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['Aminoglycosides', 'aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal and pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['gynecologic infections']


abstract: The exposure of @entity35 to @entity9734 (10 p.p.m.) for one hour daily for 30 days caused depletion of total lipids in all brain areas. The contents of phospholipid were elevated in cerebellum and brain stem, but were depleted in cerebral hemisphere. @entity165 levels showed an increase in various brain regions. On the other hand, @entity7746 were increased in cerebellum and brain stem, but were decreased in cerebral hemisphere. Interestingly, @entity165 /phospholipid ratio was increased in different regions of the brain. @entity9112 activity was elevated in cerebral hemisphere. Lipid peroxidation showed marked increment in whole brain and in all the brain areas studied. The results suggest that @entity9734 -exposure induces degradation of lipids. Interestingly, the lipid contents are affected differentially in the various parts of the brain.

title: Air pollutant sulfur dioxide-induced alterations on the levels of lipids, lipid peroxidation and XXXX activity in various regions of the @entity35 brain.

entities_list: @entity7746 :: ('MESH:D005732', 'Chemical') :: ['gangliosides']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity9112 :: (291437(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['lipase']


abstract: In a retrospective study, the clinical course of 23 adult @entity1 with documented idiopathic @entity8 was reviewed. These @entity1 included 16 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , who were followed for a period of as long as 9 years, 22 @entity1 (95.7%) were @entity1985 ( @entity644 of 3 g or more in 24 h) and 6 (26%) were @entity101 . 5 @entity1 were treated with @entity229 alone, 12 with @entity229 and @entity786 , 2 with @entity229 and @entity500 and 4 received no treatment. 18 @entity1 achieved complete remission (78.3%). 16 of these (88.9%) were treated with @entity229 , or @entity229 and @entity786 or @entity500 , and the remaining remitted spontaneously. In 3 additional @entity1 , @entity644 improved with treatment with @entity229 and immunosuppression but remained in the @entity1985 range in 2, and fell to 1.8 g/day in 1. @entity1 who failed to respond to @entity230 showed remarkable improvement when therapy with @entity786 was added. Of the 4 @entity1 not treated, 2 underwent spontaneous remission and 2 developed @entity177 . These results suggest a beneficial effect of @entity230 in the treatment of @entity8 , and suggests further that @entity786 may be effective in @entity1 not responding to @entity230 alone. Finally, these results suggest that in many @entity1 therapy may have to be prolonged before a remission can be observed.

title: XXXX : response to @entity230 and immunosuppression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Membranous nephropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity353 for @entity28 non-insulin-dependent @entity6 XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: In 1983 and 1984 the effect of a deworming scheme, in which @entity1641 were treated at turn out and 4 and 8 weeks later, on the egg output, larval differentiation, @entity1017 , herbage @entity277 and in 1984, the percentages of some serum proteins were tested. In 1983 the experiment was done with 42 mares, 54 two year old male @entity1641 and 42 male yearlings, kept in groups with permanent or rotational grazing. In 1984 only 90 male yearlings were investigated. In 1983 @entity3753 and @entity3070 were used, 1984 @entity3070 . The results of the faecal examinations showed that after @entity3070 treatment the number of eggs per gram faeces (EPG) remained zero or very low for a longer time. In 1983 an increase was seen during August. In 1984 the increase was observed at the end of August/beginning of September. Treatment with @entity3753 gave a less efficient suppression of egg output, resulting in a sharp EPG-increase at the end of July/beginning of August. After first treatment either with @entity3070 or @entity3753 , no larvae of great Strongyles were seen. The results of the herbage @entity277 on the paddocks were according to the EPGs of the @entity1641 that grazed the paddocks some time earlier. @entity277 was highest in late summer and autumn, lowest in early and mid summer. No significant differences in @entity1017 were observed between the groups. The percentage of beta 1 + 2-globulin was highest at turn out. After first treatment it decreased, but remained stable thereafter during the season, irrespective of the reinfection in autumn. Post-mortem results of four tracers in 1984 varied from ca. 275,000-2,000,000 small Strongyles. The conclusion was drawn that under the present conditions the system was not satisfactory to prevent a reasonable @entity5294 in late summer/autumn. The following advice was given: treatment of @entity1641 at least 48 hours before turn out, deworming each four weeks up till July, treatment in September and in November (also against Gasterophilus).

title: [Testing of a deworming scheme for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity3070 :: ('MESH:D007559', 'Chemical') :: ['ivermectin']

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['Infestation', 'infestation']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5294 :: ('MESH:D004320', 'Disease') :: ['worm infestation']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activating mutations in the @entity18811 ( @entity18811 ) cause autosomal dominant @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity18811 expression is upregulated in renal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity8157 ( @entity8157 ) and animal models thereof. In @entity8157 , disease progression is characterized by @entity631 . In addition, a context-dependent @entity18811 overexpression was recently suggested in complement-mediated podocyte injury in e.g. @entity8157 . Hence, we hypothesized that genetic variants in @entity18811 might affect susceptibility to development or progression of @entity8157 . METHODS _ RESULTS: Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of 101 @entity8157 @entity1 and 292 controls. By direct sequencing of the entire @entity18811 gene, 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the @entity8157 cohort, two of which were causing an @entity535 substitution ( @entity70812 ; @entity70813 and @entity70814 , @entity70815 ). No statistically significant differences in genotypes or allele frequencies between @entity1 and controls were observed. Clinical outcome in @entity1 was determined (remission n=26, @entity177 n=46, persistent @entity644 n=29, follow-up median 80 months {range 51-166}). The 13 identified SNPs showed no association with remission or @entity177 . There were no differences in genotypes or allele frequencies between @entity1 in remission and progressors. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity18811 polymorphisms do not affect susceptibility to @entity8157 , or clinical outcome in @entity8157 .

title: XXXX single nucleotide polymorphisms and progression of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['FSGS', 'focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity70815 :: ('p|SUB|A|404|V', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ala404Val']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity18811 :: ('7225', 'Gene') :: ['TRPC6', 'Transient Receptor Potential channel C6']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity70813 :: ('p|SUB|P|15|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Pro15Ser']

entities_list: @entity8157 :: ('MESH:D015433', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic membranous glomerulopathy', 'iMN']

answer: @entity18811 :: (7225,Gene) :: ['TRPC6']


abstract: A prospective randomised study was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity151 ( @entity151 ), which compared @entity632 , 50 mg/m2, and @entity1891 , 2 mg i.v. (intravenously) on day 1, with either @entity786 , 800 mg/m2 on day 1 ( @entity3895 ) or @entity2879 , 60 mg/m2 i.v. on day 1 and 120 mg/m2 orally on days 2-5 (AVE). Responding @entity1 were to receive six cycles of chemotherapy at 3 weekly intervals followed after 2 weeks by mediastinal irradiation. Response rates and @entity137 were evaluated by the chi square or Fisher's exact test and survival by the logrank test. 81 @entity1 were entered into the study, 38 of whom received @entity3895 and 43 received AVE. In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the overall response rate was 61% (confidence limit (CL), 45-71%) and 74% (CL, 61-87%) respectively, the complete response rate was 32% (CL, 17-47%) and 51% (CL, 36-66%), respectively (P = 0.07) and the median survival was 12 and 14.5 months, respectively (P = 0.15). In the @entity1 treated with @entity3895 and AVE, the incidence of grade 3 and 4 @entity1210 was 29% (CL, 15-43%) and 9% (CL, 0-18%), respectively (P = 0.025). No @entity1 developed @entity632 @entity296 . These findings support the role of @entity2879 in first line chemotherapy for @entity151 . AVE is among the more efficacious regimens for @entity151 and also has a relatively low @entity137 .

title: A prospective randomised study in limited disease small cell carcinoma-- @entity632 and @entity1891 plus either @entity786 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['limited disease small cell carcinoma of the lung', 'SCCL']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Aerobic growth of @entity328 results in production of amounts of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. @entity274 production by @entity2260 has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing @entity2260 , a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of @entity274 that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous @entity274 production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added @entity274 . Pretreatment with @entity274 did not increase @entity274 resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an @entity274 -inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less @entity21809 , a potential source of @entity855 . During @entity274 exposure, @entity855 levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid @entity855 depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that @entity2260 SpxB contributes to an @entity274 -resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although @entity274 -dependent @entity3787 radical production and the intracellular concentration of free @entity68 were similar to that of @entity526 , killing by @entity274 was unaffected by @entity68 chelators, suggesting that @entity2260 has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.

title: Factors contributing to @entity273 resistance in XXXX include @entity2388 oxidase (SpxB) and avoidance of the toxic effects of the fenton reaction.

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity21809 :: ('MESH:C011632', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity3787 :: ('MESH:D017665', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyl']

entities_list: @entity328 :: ('1313', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity328 :: (1313,Species) :: ['Streptococcus pneumoniae']