abstract: 1. Receptive-field properties were investigated in cutaneous @entity7183 nociceptive afferents ( @entity14087 ) responsive to mechanical and heat stimuli. Teased-fiber techniques were used to record from 28 CMHs that innervated the hairy skin of upper or lower limb in anesthetized monkeys. 2. The response to mechanical stimuli was studied with the use of calibrated von Frey probes. The response to heat stimuli was studied with the use of a laser thermal stimulator that provided stepped increases in skin temperature with rise times to the desired temperature near 100 ms. The size of the receptive field (RF) for mechanical stimuli was determined by use of a suprathreshold stimulus that consisted of a 0.5-mm-diam probe that exerted a 200-mN force (10 bar). The size of the heat RF was determined by use of a 49 degrees C stimulus applied to a 7.5-mm-diam area for 1 s. 3. Heat thresholds were determined with an ascending series of stimulus intensities and were found to be stable over many hours: they ranged from 37 to 46 degrees C (mean, 41.1 degrees C). Mechanical thresholds ranged from 1.3 to 7.3 bar (mean, 3.3 bar). There was no correlation between mechanical and heat thresholds. Both thresholds extended well below the corresponding psychophysical @entity158 thresholds in the literature. This suggests that spatial and/or temporal summation of @entity7183 input are important for @entity158 induced by either stimulus modality. 4. Mechanical RF diameters ranged from 3.3 to 9.6 mm (mean, 4.7 mm); heat RF diameters ranged from punctate (less than 1 mm) to 9.5 mm (mean, 4.3 mm). There was a significant linear correlation between mechanical and heat RF sizes with a slope of one. The distance between the center of the mechanical RF and the center of the heat RF along one axis ranged from 0 to 1.1 mm (mean, 0.4 mm). These data indicate that the heat RFs coincided with the mechanical RFs. 5. Within the mechanical RF determined with the suprathreshold stimuli, all CMHs had one or more punctate areas of maximal mechanical sensitivity where mechanical threshold was lowest. Heat excitability extended greater than 2 mm beyond these mechanically sensitive spots. Because lateral transmission of the heat stimulus is small, this indicates that heat transduction occurs outside the regions of maximal mechanical sensitivity. 6. Both the threshold to heat and the response magnitude at suprathreshold intensities depended on the percentage of the RF area overlapped by the heat stimulus. This indicates that multiple transducer sites probably contribute to the total evoked response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Comparison of heat and mechanical receptive fields of cutaneous XXXX nociceptors in monkey.

answer: @entity7183 :: (10185,Species) :: ['C-fiber']


abstract: Perioperative @entity4008 after trans-sphenoidal surgery for pituitary and @entity75 is an uncommon but serious complication. Little evidence guides the choice of chemoprophylaxis in this setting. To begin to address this deficiency, we investigated the incidence of perioperative @entity693 in 442 @entity1 who underwent trans-sphenoidal surgery and received a short chemoprophylaxis regimen with a single agent and did not require lumbar drainage. In 2005 we instituted a standardized antibiotic prophylaxis protocol for trans-sphenoidal surgery that utilized intravenous @entity2261 , a second-generation @entity5898 with broad coverage and excellent spinal fluid penetration, administered 30 min before surgery and 8 h later. The primary endpoint was the incidence of perioperative (within 30 days of surgery) @entity4008 . Data from The Barrow Pituitary Outcomes Project, a prospectively maintained @entity1 research database, were supplemented with review of medical records and hospital discharge codes. There were no cases of perioperative @entity693 . Three @entity1 developed delayed @entity693 associated with persistent or recurrent spinal fluid leakage 2-8 months after surgery. Perioperatively, seven @entity1 received additional antibiotics for @entity293 . A single-agent, short-duration chemoprophylaxis regimen for trans-sphenoidal surgery is effective at preventing perioperative @entity693 in @entity1 who do not require lumbar drainage after surgery. The results of this regimen compare favorably to historical rates achieved with longer regimens that use two antibiotics. Future studies will investigate the role prophylactic antibiotics play in nasal mucosa healing and @entity1244 .

title: Short-duration, single-agent antibiotic prophylaxis for XXXX in trans-sphenoidal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['parasellar lesions']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The  Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG) 08-06 study protocol allowed @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) technique to include or exclude @entity0 @entity1 from receiving @entity1161 to the internal mammary lymph node (IMN). The purpose of this study was to assess dosimetric differences between the 2 groups and potential influence on clinical outcome by a dummy run procedure. METHODS AND MATERIALS: All participating institutions were asked to produce @entity1161 plans without irradiation ( @entity487 ) and with irradiation to the IMN ( @entity489 ) for 1 breast-conservation treatment case (breast-conserving surgery [BCS]) and 1 mastectomy case (modified radical mastectomy [MRM]) whose computed tomography images were provided. We assessed interinstitutional variations in IMN delineation and evaluated the dose-volume histograms of the IMN and normal organs. A reference IMN was delineated by an expert panel group based on the study guidelines. Also, we analyzed the potential influence of actual dose variation observed in this study on @entity1 survival. RESULTS: Although physicians intended to exclude the IMN within the @entity1161 field, the data showed almost 59.0% of the prescribed dose was delivered to the IMN in @entity487 . However, the mean doses covering the IMN in @entity487 and @entity489 were significantly different for both cases (P<.001). Due to the probability of @entity1445 in @entity487 , the estimated gain in 7-year disease-free survival rate would be reduced from 10% to 7.9% for BCS cases and 7.1% for MRM cases. The radiation doses to the ipsilateral lung, heart, and coronary artery were lower in @entity487 than in @entity489 . CONCLUSIONS: Although this dummy run study indicated that a substantial dose was delivered to the IMN, even in the nonirradiation group, the dose differences between the 2 groups were statistically significant. However, this dosimetric profile should be studied further with actual @entity1 samples and be taken into consideration when analyzing clinical outcomes according to IMN irradiation.

title: Dummy run of quality assurance program in a phase 3 randomized trial investigating the role of internal mammary lymph node irradiation in @entity0 XXXX : korean radiation oncology group 08-06 study.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cutaneous signs of @entity370 are polymorphous and occasionally misleading. Herein, we report a rare case of profuse @entity370 involving various rare cutaneous signs specific to the disease associated with multiple @entity957 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A seventy-three-year-old @entity1 had been presenting @entity37137 for 2 years. The examination also revealed diffuse cutaneous @entity194 with @entity1066 , superficial adenopathy and pseudotumoral hypodermic masses. Ophthalmological examination revealed conjunctival nodules. Biopsy samples for the various cutaneous lesions, salivary glands, conjunctival nodules, a hypodermic nodule and an adenopathy yielded similar images evocative of epithelioid @entity738 and @entity7468 without caseous @entity39 . Infectious causes were ruled out. Respiratory function tests showed a restrictive @entity1576 . @entity1289 levels were extremely high. @entity644 was noted for 24-hour urine tests and renal punch biopsy showed an appearance of membrane-proliferative @entity631 . Oral @entity288 produced clinical and laboratory improvement. Furthermore, the @entity1 was also presenting several invasive @entity957 in a setting of marked helioderma. DISCUSSION: Erythrodermic, ichthyosiform, atrophied, ulcerated and pseudotumoral forms of @entity370 are very uncommon and their simultaneous appearance in the same @entity1 is extremely rare. Further, the existence of numerous cutaneous @entity189 in this @entity1 raises the question of an association between @entity370 and @entity5 , with fortuitous association appearing unlikely.

title: [Profuse XXXX associated with multiple @entity957 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity37137 :: ('MESH:D016113', 'Disease') :: ['dry ichthyosiform erythroderma']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity7468 :: ('MESH:D018286', 'Disease') :: ['giant cells']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disorder']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous sarcoidosis', 'sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity370 :: (MESH:D012507,Disease) :: ['sarcoidosis']


abstract: The influence of the nuclear @entity857 -ribosyltransferase inhibitor @entity13339 on the DNA strand-break rejoining kinetics and @entity137 in @entity3569 ovary cells following @entity274 treatment was investigated. For the DNA damage studies, cells were treated on ice with @entity274 (0-20 microM) for 1 h in serum-free medium, after which the @entity274 was removed and the cells were allowed to repair their damage in complete medium at 37 degrees C in the presence or absence of @entity13339 (5 mM) for periods up to 2 h. The DNA strand breaks remaining as a function of time were then estimated by alkaline elution. A linear relationship between the @entity274 concentration and the initial level of DNA single-strand breaks (zero time allowed for repair) was observed. No double-strand breaks or DNA-protein cross-links were detected at these doses. The rejoining of single-strand breaks after @entity274 (20 microM) alone was characterized by a single exponential process with a t1/2 of approx. 5 min. However, in the presence of @entity13339 , rejoining was much slower and biphasic, with t1/2 of approx. 10 and 36 min. The inhibitory action of @entity13339 was concentration-dependent and completely reversible in that, when the @entity13339 was removed from the treated cultures, the strand-break rejoining kinetics rapidly returned to the t1/2 of 5 min typical of @entity274 alone. Considerably higher concentrations of @entity274 (up to 600 microM) were required for cell killing compared to the DNA damage studies. Cell killing by @entity274 alone was characterized by a shoulderless, exponential survival curve (D0 = 880 microM). The @entity137 was potentiated when the cells were treated with @entity13339 (5 mM) for 1 h after the @entity274 treatment; the survival curve with @entity13339 also assumed a biphasic character (D0 of 212 microM and 520 microM). These results are consistent with the theory that @entity2145 .-induced single-strand breaks do not normally represent lethal lesions to the cell because of their rapid, efficient repair. However, interference with these repair processes (in this case by @entity13339 ) can alter this relationship, possibly allowing lesion fixation.

title: Effect of @entity13339 on DNA strand-break rejoining and XXXX in CHO cells treated with hydrogen peroxide.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity13339 :: ('MESH:C025160', 'Chemical') :: ['3-aminobenzamide']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity8959 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity563 ( @entity60448 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity4022 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity4022 , achieved by addition of free @entity4022 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity4022 + @entity60448 or the calculated @entity8959 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity3534 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity15 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity4022 + @entity60448 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity4022 + @entity60448 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity1853 ( @entity4508 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and @entity2723 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity4022 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity4022 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity4508 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity2569 and @entity2723 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity4508 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity2569 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity2569 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity2723 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity8959 and @entity563 , with consideration of @entity1853 and XXXX , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['cysteine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the current prevalence of @entity7493 compared with that reported from the same institution in 1976. DESIGN: All inpatients of this tertiary-care facility were assessed by anthropometric, laboratory, and clinical nutrition assessment methods in a 1-day cross-sectional survey. The comparison study from 1976 was also a 1-day cross-sectional survey. SETTING: A tertiary-care facility in Boston, Mass. @entity1 : The entire inpatient population was assessed on a single weekday in September 1992. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of acute and chronic @entity3147 as judged by anthropometric and laboratory data. Data on demographics, admission classification, underlying disease, route of nutrition, and global nutritional status were also assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of acute @entity7493 (weight for height) based on the Waterlow criteria was as follows: severe, 1.3%; moderate, 5.8%; mild, 17.4%; and none, 75.5%. The prevalence of chronic @entity7493 (height for age) was as follows: severe, 5.1%; moderate, 7.7%; mild, 14.5%; and none, 72.8%. Although the prevalence of acute and chronic @entity7493 was significantly less in 1992 than in 1976 (P = .03 and P < .001, respectively), the numbers are still alarmingly high. @entity1 younger than 2 years and older than 18 years and those with chronic medical conditions had a higher prevalence of @entity7493 . Twenty-four percent of @entity1 had a serum @entity2313 level less than 30 g/L, 34.8% had a total lymphocyte count less than 1.5 x 10(9)/L, and 24.9% had a hemoglobin concentration less than 105 g/L. One fourth of all @entity1 were @entity28 (> 120% weight for height), with the greatest prevalence in @entity1 aged 2 to 18 years. CONCLUSIONS: Acute and chronic @entity7493 remains common in hospitalized pediatric @entity1 in the United States. Important risk factors may be underlying @entity102 , periods of normally rapid growth, and recognized need for nutrition intervention.

title: @entity3147 in hospitalized pediatric XXXX . Current prevalence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The hybrid sterility gene S5 comprises three types of alleles in cultivated rice @entity579 ch tri-allelic system provided a unique opportunity to study the molecular bases of evolutionary changes underlying reproductive isolation in plants.     We analysed the sequence diversity and evolutionary history of S5 in 138 Oryza accessions. We also examined the effect of the two functional variations (C819 @entity72672 C141 @entity72673 determining hybrid sterility by transformation.     Nineteen haplotypes were identified, which were classified into the indica-like, the japonica-like and the wide-compatibility gene (WCG)-like group, according to the sequence features of the tri-allelic system. The origin and evolutionary course of the three allelic groups were investigated, thus confirming the independent origins of indica and japonica subspecies. There were perfect associations between C819 @entity72672 C141 @entity72673 the rice @entity579 mplasm assayed, and the combination of C819 and C1412 was required for hybrid sterility. Evidence of positive selection in the WCG-like alleles suggested that they might have been favored by selection for higher compatibility in hybrids.     The complex evolution of S5 revealed the counteractive function of the three allelic groups at the species level. S5 might perform an important primary function in an evolutionary scale, and hybrid sterility acts as a 'byproduct' of this speciation gene.

title: Complex evolution of S5, a major reproductive barrier regulator, in the cultivated XXXX @entity579 and its wild relatives.

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: We undertook a case-control study to investigate the association between chemicals in maternal drinking water consumed during pregnancy and @entity299 in the offspring. Two hundred and seventy affected @entity1 and 665 healthy @entity1 were enrolled in the study. Information on contaminant levels in maternal drinking water was available from records of routine water analysis of samples taken from public taps in the communities where the mothers resided during pregnancy. Mothers provided information during a telephone interview on their health, pregnancy management, and demographic characteristics. Nine inorganic metals were analysed for detection of an association with @entity299 . The chemical exposures of particular interest were @entity3494 , lead, @entity349 and @entity4259 . None of the chemicals was associated materially with an increase in the frequency of @entity299 overall. @entity3494 exposure at any detectable level was associated with a threefold increase in occurrence of @entity1498 (prevalence odds ratio = 3.4, 95% confidence interval = 1.3-8.9). Detectable traces of @entity4259 in drinking water were associated with a lower frequency of any @entity299 than was observed among @entity1 exposed to drinking water not containing detectable levels of @entity4259 (prevalence odds ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence limits = 0.40-0.97). A dose-response effect was observed over four levels of @entity4259 exposure. Non-differential errors in the measurement and classification of exposure to contaminants routinely monitored in drinking water could account for lack of positive findings. In addition, most of the contaminant levels were below the maximum levels set by the Environmental Protection Agency, so that lack of evidence of effect may have been due to the low exposure levels in this population.

title: Chemical quality of maternal drinking water and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['congenital heart disease']


abstract: Individuals meeting the Fukuda et al definition for @entity5815 completed a multidisciplinary assessment that included medical, @entity146 , behavioral, and psychological evaluations. @entity1 were then offered a comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention that included (1) bringing the @entity1 under optimal medical management; (2) treating any ongoing affective or @entity148 pharmacologically; and (3) implementing a comprehensive cognitive-behavioral treatment program. Fifty-one @entity1 proceeded to treatment. The cognitive-behavioral component was carried out through the use of a therapist working with the @entity1 in their own environments. The program was individually tailored to @entity1 , but included (1) structured physical exercise and activation; (2) sleep management strategies; (3) careful activity management; (4) regulation of stimulant intake and reductions in use of symptomatic medications; (5) cognitive intervention designed to deal with @entity1 ' beliefs concerning the nature of their disorder; (6) participation of @entity1 ' family; and (7) efforts to establish specific vocational and avocational goals. Third parties were encouraged to collaborate cooperatively. Employers were urged to provide employment opportunities and facilitate a graduated but time-targeted return to work. Disability carriers were encouraged to provide interim financial support in the form of disability benefits, support therapeutic intervention, but also to establish a clear time-frame to access to benefits. Of 51 treated @entity1 , 31 returned to gainful employment, 14 were functioning at a level equivalent to employment, and 6 remained significantly disabled. Twenty of the original 71 @entity1 were contacted an average of 33 months later. @entity1 who had been treated showed good maintenance of gains. Untreated @entity1 showed improvement in only a minority of cases.

title: An evaluation of multidisciplinary intervention for XXXX with long-term follow-up, and a comparison with untreated controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The animal model of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is used to study neuronal and behavioral changes produced by an increase in blood- @entity413 levels. Our previous report showed that chronic @entity3839 administration induced @entity194 of dendritic morphology of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 dorsal hippocampus. In addition, we showed that Cerebrolysin (Cbl), a neurotrophic peptide mixture, reduces the @entity194 in animal models of aging. This study aimed to determine whether Cbl was capable of reducing behavioral and neuronal alterations, after 6 weeks of @entity4854 in @entity19 ( @entity3839 -induced @entity6 ). The levels of @entity413 in the blood were evaluated before and after @entity3839 administration and only animals with more than 240 mg/dL of blood-levels of @entity413 were used. After @entity3839 treatment, the @entity19 received 6 weeks of Cbl, locomotor activity was measured and dendritic morphological changes were evaluated using Golgi-Cox stain procedure, and analyzed by the Sholl method. In @entity19 treated with @entity3839 there was a clear reduction in the dendritic length of pyramidal neurons of the @entity4778 and granular cells of the dental gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus. Interestingly, @entity2187 reversed the morphological changes induced by @entity3839 . Our results extend the list of abnormal morphological changes detected in this model of @entity3918 , and support the possibility that Cbl may have beneficial effects in the management of brain alterations induced by @entity3918 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cerebrolysin reverses hippocampal XXXX in a @entity19 model of @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1', 'DM1']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'dendritic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['neural atrophy']


abstract: The aim of these studies was to investigate different regimens of thrombolytic therapy and oral anticoagulation, and to evaluate the effects of streptokinase (SK), heparin and @entity1229 in the treatment of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Low-dose SK, although controlled according to the @entity2002 levels, did not provide improved thrombolysis compared to conventional high-dose SK, and more postthrombotic changes were registered after an average of 3 years. Furthermore, serious hemorrhagic side-effects occurred, which makes this regimen inexpedient. Various regimens of local venous infusion of SK were tried, and with a dose of 4,000 IU/h for 72 h in combination with heparin a thrombolytic effect was achieved, albeit not greater than usually observed with conventional SK. Systemic @entity6805 and @entity548 were not avoided. A hitherto not described side-effect with @entity1909 was reported. Venographic severity of @entity291 @entity715 displayed a statistically significant correlation to long-term hemodynamic changes, as assessed with foot volumetry, after an average of 5 years. This correlation was stronger for the size of the @entity715 after initial treatment than for the size at diagnosis. Thus it seems important to treat @entity291 @entity715 with heparin in order to limit the extent of the @entity715 , thereby reducing long-term sequelae. During heparin treatment, an average reduction of the thrombi of 17% was observed. This reduction was significantly correlated to a short duration of symptoms but not to parameters of heparin therapy or fibrinolytic components. However, @entity1 with substantial thrombolysis had high plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin ( @entity2786 ) levels, and those with high @entity3479 ) inhibitor levels and remarkably also those with high @entity3479 antigen levels had no lysis. The concentration of @entity3479 antigen showed a significant increase during heparin infusion, whereas that of @entity2786 and @entity3479 inhibitor was not influenced. By applying more intensive initial oral anticoagulation, stable therapeutic prothrombin time (PT)-levels were achieved one day earlier and the duration of heparin infusion could be equally reduced compared to the conventional regimen (4.4-5 days vs 5.4-6 days). The activity of coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X had dropped to the same level with both regimens the day heparin was discontinued, observed. The effectiveness of oral anticoagulation after @entity1150 was studied in 596 @entity1 treated for a total of 4450 months.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Studies on the medical treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['bullous dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity717 after the clipping for an @entity439 are rare. The information on the pathogenesis and treatment options for this condition is largely unknown. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 82-year-old female with no @entity51 underwent a clipping for a @entity438 . Immediately after surgery, she presented with hemichorea-hemiballismus (HC-HB) on the left side. Postoperative angiograms and single-photon emission computed tomography demonstrated the hyperperfusion in the right frontal cortex and the decreased perfusion in the basal ganglia, indicating that the abrupt hemodynamic changes due to the obliteration of the @entity439 caused the dysfunction of the frontal cortical and subcortical pathway and the basal ganglia. Administration of @entity38857 was dramatically effective in controlling the HC-HB until the hyperperfusion resolved. Single-photon emission computed tomography obtained 8 weeks after surgery revealed that the cerebral blood flow had been normalized in the right frontal cortex. The relative hypoperfusion of the right basal ganglia was also resolved. Then @entity38857 was discontinued without a relapse of HC-HB. CONCLUSION: This case appears consistent with the theory that the connecting fibers responsible for the development of HC-HB are also located in the frontal lobe. The treatment of @entity439 involving the M1 portion can cause abrupt hemodynamic changes in both frontal cortex and the basal ganglia, which can potentially induce postoperative @entity717 .

title: Hemichorea-hemiballismus caused by postoperative hyperperfusion after clipping of a giant unruptured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity38857 :: ('MESH:D063325', 'Chemical') :: ['tiapride hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['giant aneurysms', 'giant aneurysm', 'unruptured giant aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders', 'Movement disorders']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['middle cerebral artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The frequency and intensity of menopausal symptoms within a given population, as assessed by several tools, may vary and depend on several factors, such as age, menopausal status, chronic conditions and personal and partner socio-demographic profile. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and intensity of menopausal symptoms and related risk factors among middle-aged @entity1 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study a total of 404 @entity1 aged 40 to 59 years, visiting inpatients at the Enrique C. Sotomayor Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador, were requested to fill out the @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) and a questionnaire containing personal and partner data. RESULTS: Mean age of surveyed @entity1 (n=404) was 48.2+/-5.7 years, 85.1% had 12 or less years of schooling and 44.8% were postmenopausal. None was on hormonal therapy (HT) for the menopause or psychotropic drugs. Regarding their partner, @entity323 was present in 23.8%, @entity2754 in 21.2% and 43.5% abused @entity167 . The four most frequently found symptoms of those composing the @entity1168 were muscle and joint problems (80%), @entity308 mood (73.5%), physical and mental exhaustion (71.3%) and @entity146 (68%). Mean total @entity1168 score was 18+/-10.6 (median 17) and for subscales: 7.2+/-4.5 (somatic); 6.9+/-4.8 (psychological) and 3.9+/-3.4 (urogenital). @entity1 presented severe scores in 53, 36.1, 48.3 and 49.8% for total @entity1168 and somatic, psychological and urogenital subscales, respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, logistic regression analysis determined that female higher parity and partner @entity2754 increased the risk for presenting severe total @entity1168 scores (impaired female quality of life), whereas @entity1 who had a positive perception of their health status were at decreased risk. CONCLUSION: In this middle-aged series psychological menopausal symptoms were the most frequent in which severity was associated to parity and partner @entity250 .

title: Severe menopausal symptoms in middle-aged XXXX are associated to female and male factors.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'menopause rating scale']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the most common hereditary cause of @entity454 . The complications associated with this disease may affect the performance of @entity298 ( @entity298 ). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between @entity1 on @entity298 with @entity8 and without @entity8 .We extracted an incident cohort of adult (>= 20 years old) @entity1 on long-term @entity298 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. @entity1 with @entity8 were identified by specific diagnosis codes. We recorded baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic status, timing of referral to a nephrologist, prior hemodialysis history before @entity298 , and the type of @entity298 modalities. We compared the risk of @entity204 , technique failure, @entity298 , hospitalization, and outpatient visiting as well as overall medical expenditure between the @entity1 with @entity8 and a groups of @entity1 without @entity8 who were propensity-score matched (1:3). The analysis was carried out by various Cox regression models that considered competing risk and time-varying coefficients.We enrolled 139 @entity1 with @entity8 and 7739 @entity1 without @entity8 who started long-term @entity298 between 1999 and 2010. @entity1 with @entity8 were less comorbid and more often treated with automated @entity298 . In the propensity-score matched analysis, both overall survival and technique survival did not differ between the @entity1 and the result was similar for hospitalization and @entity298 after adjusting for the application of automated @entity298 . Furthermore, the overall annual medical expenditures were similar between the @entity1 with and without @entity8 . @entity298 @entity1 with @entity8 are comparable to @entity298 @entity1 without @entity8 in terms of risk of @entity204 , @entity298 , technique failure, and hospitalization in the present study. Furthermore, the medical expenses of the 2 groups after initiation of @entity298 are also indistinguishable.

title: Outcome Comparisons Between @entity1 on Peritoneal Dialysis With and Without XXXX : A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PCKD', 'Polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Polycystic Kidney Disease']


abstract: There exists a strong interaction between @entity581 and @entity4357 , and these membrane lipids are even considered as the drug receptors. To shed some light on the role of such an interaction in the drug nephrotoxicity, we have investigated the influence of @entity581 on @entity7425 metabolism in kidney proximal tubules where these compounds accumulate. Experiments were carried out by measuring 32P labelling of @entity1076 ( @entity18685 ) and of @entity1078 ( @entity1078 ) after incubation of homogenates of isolated proximal tubules with [gamma-32P] @entity855 . The treatment of @entity95 with @entity5154 , @entity801 and @entity4509 (50, 50 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively for seven days) promoted a decrease in 32P-PI-P2 and an increase in 32P-PI-P, when compared to the respective values observed in tubules from untreated @entity95 . Under these conditions, the extent of modifications in lipid labelling was similar with the three drugs tested. In in vitro experiments, the exogenous addition of the above @entity581 to the incubation medium containing tubule homogenates from untreated @entity95 also produced, in a dose dependent manner, a decrease in 32P-PI-P2 and an increase in 32P-PI-P. In the in vitro experiments, however, @entity4509 and @entity801 appeared to be less potent than @entity5154 . The results indicated moreover that @entity7425 metabolism was more sensitive to the in vivo (vs. in vitro) action of the drugs. @entity4357 are involved in @entity141 transport and/or mobilization processes, and @entity581 are known to interfere with the @entity141 binding to membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Aminoglycoside-induced alterations of XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity7425 :: ('CHEBI:18179', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositide']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['PI-P2', 'phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoinositides', 'Phosphoinositides']

answer: @entity7425 :: (CHEBI:18179,Chemical) :: ['phosphoinositide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4085 ( @entity4085 ) is a common procedure in adults with @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). Implantable dual lumen Vortex (DLV) ports can be used for @entity4085 in @entity1 with poor peripheral venous access. We performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity4085 procedures performed in adults with @entity3458 . The main objective of the study was to compare the inlet speed, duration of procedures and rate of complications performed through DLV ports to those performed through temporary central venous and peripheral catheters. Twenty-nine adults with @entity3458 underwent a total of 318 @entity4085 procedures. Twenty adults had DLV ports placed and 218 procedures were performed using DLV ports. Mean length of follow-up after DLV port placement was 397        263 days. Six DLV ports were removed due to infection and 1 for malfunction after a mean of 171        120 days. Compared to temporary central venous and peripheral catheters, DLV port procedures had a greater rate of procedural complications, a longer duration, and a lower inlet speed (all P   <   0.01). When accounting for the maximum allowable inlet speed to avoid @entity1792 @entity137 , 40% of DLV port procedures were greater than 10% below maximum speed, compared to 7 and 14% of procedures performed through temporary central venous and peripheral catheters (P   <   0.0001). In conclusion, DLV ports can be used for @entity4085 in adults with @entity3458 , albeit with more procedural complications and longer duration. The smaller internal diameter and longer catheter of DLV ports compared to temporary central venous catheters likely accounts for the differences noted. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Use of a dual lumen port for automated red cell exchange in adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['RCE', 'Red cell exchange']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The current case-control study is the first to examine the relationship between @entity79 ( @entity79 ) measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and @entity23398 ( @entity23398 ) in pre- as well as postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to healthy matched controls. METHODS: Among 1422 @entity1 (premenopausal, n=238, postmenopausal, n=1184), @entity79 and @entity23398 were measured. In total, 541 of the @entity1 had an incident diagnosis of @entity0 (122 premenopausal, 419 postmenopausal) without prior @entity0 treatment. Because of significant intergroup differences in multiple risk factors, a matched-pair analysis (88 premenopausal and 402 postmenopausal @entity1 with and without @entity0 ) was performed. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis was undertaken, odds ratios were determined and subjects grouped according to quartiles of DXA and @entity23398 results. RESULTS: DXA results (except the L1-L4 Z-score) were significantly higher in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 even after a matched-pair analysis was performed (p<0.05). In premenopausal @entity1 , we observed no significant differences in DXA results between the groups. @entity23398 results in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 were significantly higher compared with their matched controls (p<0.001 for all, except for speed of sound in premenopausal @entity1 , p<0.05). Odds ratios for @entity0 risk in the second, third and fourth quartiles compared with the lowest quartile were significantly different for a number of variables. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed significantly higher @entity79 irrespective of the method and site of measurement in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 compared to controls, even after matching for possible confounders for the first time.

title: XXXX and @entity79 : the Marburg @entity0 and Osteoporosis Trial (MABOT II).

entities_list: @entity23398 :: ('OMIM:612306', 'Disease') :: ['quantitative ultrasonometry', 'QUS']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity995 ( @entity995 ) is the most common @entity2093 in @entity1 . Early detection is necessary for cure. OBJECTIVE: To compare stage and outcome of @entity1 with @entity995 treated at Kalafong Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa (SA), during two time periods (1993 - 2000 and 2001 - 2008, after outreach interventions in 2000 and introduction of compulsory community service for doctors in 1998). METHODS: Data collected included demography (age, gender, date of birth), stage and treatment received. The main outcome measure was disease-free survival and the study end-point was 60 months after diagnosis. RESULTS: There were 51 @entity1 during the time period 1993 - 2000 (group 1) and 73 during 2001 - 2008 (group 2), with median ages of 32 and 26 months, respectively (marginally significantly younger in group 2; p = 0.046). In group 1, the majority (57%) presented with @entity1442 (stages III and IV), with a decline in this proportion in group 2 (40%) indicating a downward but not significant trend (p = 0.075). Bilateral disease was diagnosed in 22% of @entity1 in group 1 and 33% in group 2. Overall survival was 33% and 43% for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Excluding absconding @entity1 , event-free survival was 50% in group 1, improving to 68% in group 2 (not statistically significant; p = 0.18). Fewer @entity1 needed radiotherapy during the second period (statistically significant; p = 0.04), probably because of @entity1442 . CONCLUSION: Poor outcome is probably a result of late diagnosis. It is important to implement a strategy that will ensure early diagnosis and optimal management of @entity995 in SA.

title: XXXX outcome at a single institution in South Africa.

entities_list: @entity2093 :: ('MESH:D005134', 'Disease') :: ['eye cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['less advanced disease', 'advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma', 'RB']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity2657 develops very early after the onset of focal @entity2806 and may be a major factor in @entity717 after an acute @entity385 . There have been very limited studies on the usefulness of antiedemic agents as neuroprotective agents in the setting of focal @entity2806 . We tested the neuroprotective effects of a new potent nonpeptide vasopressin receptor V(1) antagonist, @entity46463 , in a focal @entity64 model in @entity35 . METHODS: Focal @entity63 was induced by embolizing a preformed clot into the middle cerebral artery (MCA). @entity1188 volume was measured at 48 hours after the @entity2500 . @entity51 , @entity2657 , @entity410 activity, and mortality and @entity548 rates were also documented. RESULTS: Treatment with @entity46463 (2 mg/kg), initiated immediately after @entity2500 , significantly reduced @entity1188 volume (P<0.05) measured at 48 hours after the @entity432 . In animals in which the treatment was delayed for 1 hour after @entity2500 , @entity1188 volume was also reduced significantly (P<0.05). @entity1188 volume in the @entity35 that received the drug at 3 or 6 hours after @entity2500 was not different from that in the vehicle-treated group. Treatment with @entity46463 , when started early after the @entity432 , also reduced @entity51 and @entity2657 . Injection of drug at a higher dose (30 mg/kg) also reduced @entity1188 volume and improved functional recovery but was not superior to the lower dose (2 mg/kg) when the drug was administrated at 1 hour after @entity2500 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the selective vasopressin receptor antagonist @entity46463 is a potent neuroprotective agent when used early after onset of @entity432 in an embolic focal @entity63 model in @entity35 . Further studies are needed in @entity64 models to better understand its neuroprotective properties when used alone or in combination with thrombolysis.

title: Effects of nonpeptide V(1) vasopressin receptor antagonist XXXX on @entity1188 volume and recovery of function in a focal @entity64 model.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['embolic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain edema', 'Cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCA occlusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological deficits', 'neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['early disability']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity46463 :: (MESH:C082134,Chemical) :: ['SR-49059']


abstract: Short-term cultures of 10 malignant @entity320 derived from 8 @entity1 were analyzed cytogenetically. The chromosome composition of the @entity5 was found to be similar in terms of modal number and structural and numerical aberrations, especially the nonrandom nature of breakpoints. Six chromosomes were consistently involved in marker formation. Aberrations of chromosomes #1 and #9 were identified in every @entity5 , whereas structural alterations of chromosome #2 were found in 9 @entity5 . In contrast, aberrations of chromosomes #6, #3, and #7 were identified in 7, 7, and 8 of the @entity5 , respectively. The nonrandom breakpoints on these chromosomes frequently coincided with known oncogenic loci and resulted in morphologically identical marker chromosomes. Consecutive lesions were obtained for two @entity1 . Common markers were identified in both cases, indicating the clonal origin of the @entity5 . In addition, many marker chromosomes characteristic of the individual lesions were also identified. The presence of these lesion-specific markers indicates the nonrandom selective nature of the metastatic process and suggests the possible heterogeneity of the original @entity5 cell population.

title: Nonrandom chromosome structural aberrations and oncogene loci in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: To investigate the pathogenicity of T cells infiltrating in the @entity309 , mononuclear cells (MNC), predominantly T cells, isolated from either synovial fluid or synovial tissues of the @entity1 with @entity309 were transferred into @entity466 ( @entity466 ) @entity19 by intraarticular injections. According to our observations in this experimental system, @entity1 with @entity309 could be classified into at least two groups. In one group of @entity1 , the infiltrating MNC induced @entity1373 in the recipient @entity466 @entity19 (the positive group). Whereas, in the other group no @entity1373 was observed (the negative group). The induction of @entity1373 observed in the positive group was prevented by an anti-human @entity5168 antibody ( @entity19 ), indicating T cell mediation. Analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) V beta usage by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in the infiltrating MNC transferred into @entity466 @entity19 revealed a marked skew towards the preferential use of certain V beta genes, which was not seen in the peripheral blood MNC, in only the positive group. The patterns of TCR/V beta skew were not uniform among the @entity1 . The analysis of the PCR-amplified genes of such skewed TCR/ V beta by single strand conformational polymorphism showed distinct bands, indicating that the T cell populations expanding in @entity309 of the positive group were oligoclonal. Furthermore, the enrichment of the T cell populations expressing such skewed TCR/V beta by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood MNC of the @entity1 with the relevant superantigen enabled the induction of @entity1373 in the @entity466 @entity19 . These results suggest that the pathogenic T cells could be activated locally in @entity309 by certain antigens in some, but not in all @entity1 with @entity309 .

title: Transfer of @entity309 into @entity466 @entity19 . The pathogenetic implications of T cell populations oligoclonally expanding in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid joints', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity466 :: ('MESH:D016511', 'Disease') :: ['SCID', 'severe combined immunodeficient']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid joints']


abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of @entity1460 meal (SM) and @entity12360 ( @entity12360 ) on biogenic @entity6115 production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to @entity12360 as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic @entity6115 and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of @entity12360 . Samples with higher proportion of @entity12360 resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in NH3-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive @entity12360 . Similarly, exclusive @entity12360 had the lowest NH3-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing @entity577 ( @entity578 ) concentrations were observed with time, and @entity578 concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than @entity12360 . Balanced proportion of SM and @entity12360 had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile @entity844 (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of @entity12360 . Moreover, biogenic @entity6115 (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, @entity6115 index and total @entity4478 were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of @entity12360 (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 ( @entity7696 clone RB-5E1) and R4 ( @entity7696 rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 ( @entity7696 Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 ( @entity42428 sp. MCB2), R8 ( @entity42428 gene) and R9 ( @entity42428 LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of @entity12360 . Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, NH3-N, @entity578 , BA, volatile @entity844 and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and @entity1735 ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.

title: Effect of XXXX Meal and Soluble Starch on Biogenic Amine Production and Microbial Diversity Using In vitro Rumen Fermentation.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity7696 :: ('77133', 'Species') :: ['uncultured bacterium', 'uncultured']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity12360 :: ('MESH:C565532', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'soluble starch']

entities_list: @entity42428 :: ('971', 'Species') :: ['Selenomonas ruminantium', 'Selenomonas ruminantium strain', 'Selenomonas']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['Soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several studies have claimed that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from @entity1 tissues can @entity32 , the immunomodulatory mechanism of MSCs remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the effects and the underlying mechanism of tonsil-derived MSCs (T-MSC) on @entity32 compared with adipose tissue- derived stem cells (ASC) in a @entity19 model of @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ). METHODS: MSCs were isolated from @entity1 palatine tonsil (T-MSC) and the surface markers were analyzed. The effect of T-MSCs was evaluated in 24 BALB/c @entity19 that were randomly divided into four groups (negative control group, positive control group, T-MSC group, and ASC group). MSCs were administered intravenously to ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized @entity19 (T-MSC and ASC groups) on days 18 to 23, and subsequent OVA challenge was conducted daily from days 24 to 28. Several parameters of @entity32 were assessed. RESULTS: T-MSC and ASC had similar characteristics in surface markers. Intravenous injection of T-MSC significantly @entity146 , eosinophil infiltration, serum total, and OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and the nasal and systemic T-helper (Th) 2 cytokine profile. Further analysis revealed that nasal innate cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 25 and @entity26051 , and chemokines, such as @entity639 , @entity34493 , induction was suppressed in T-MSCs injected groups, which explained their underlying mechanism. In addition, the T-MSC group had more inhibition of @entity32 than did the ASC group, which might be attributed to the more proliferative activity of T-MSC. CONCLUSION: Administration of T-MSC effectively @entity146 and inflammatory parameters in the @entity19 model of @entity2023 . T-MSC treatment reduced Th2 cytokines and OVA-specific IgE secretion from B cells. In addition, innate cytokine ( @entity18841 and @entity26051 ) expression and @entity639 messenger RNA expression was inhibited in the nasal mucosa, which is suggestive of the mechanism of @entity32 . Therefore, T-MSC treatment is potentially an alternative therapeutic modality in @entity2023 .

title: Immunomodulatory effect of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['ameliorate allergic airway inflammation', 'allergic inflammation', 'reduced allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['AR', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: We phenotyped with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) the cellular infiltrates in kidneys of @entity1 with @entity631 ( @entity631 ) responsive (R) or nonresponsive (NR) to pulse @entity1667 therapy (PM)-eight anti- @entity11 , six no immune deposits, three immune complex, two @entity1333 , and one proliferative GN. There were glomerular, periglomerular, crescentic, and interstitial T and T-cell subsets. Few interstitial and no glomerular B and NK cells were observed. TH cells were much more common than TS. Phenotypes were quantitatively evaluated in 221 nephritic and 32 control glomeruli. T and/or TH cells were positively correlated with M phi, r = 0.30 to 0.74, P less than 0.05 to 0.0005. Although differences in phenotypes were observed, these differences were insufficient to distinguish between subtypes. Analysis of R and NR revealed no relationship to percent crescents, entry serum @entity1011 , @entity1458 , or need for dialysis. NR was related to presence of @entity7860 , P = 0.001, as was ability to stop dialysis, 0 of 7 @entity11 versus 9 of 10 other, P less than 0.001. Mild infiltrates of lymphocytes and M phi correlated with R, P less than or equal to 0.02. R had fewer numbers of TH and M phi in glomeruli, P = 0.0001, in crescents, P less than 0.02, and total TH and M phi compared to NR, P less than 0.001. Crescentic and total TH/S ratios were lower in NR than R, P less than 0.05. These findings demonstrate that components of the cell-mediated immune (CMI) system are present by MAb analysis, that subtypes cannot be differentiated by CMI constitution, and R to PM is related to intensity and composition of CMI involvement. Independence of the CMI system relative to @entity7860 remains to be clarified.

title: T-cells and macrophages in XXXX : clinicopathologic correlations.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity7860 :: ('MESH:D019867', 'Disease') :: ['anti-GBM disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['RPGN', 'rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14 ( @entity14 ), the most lethal long-term complication of @entity29 ( @entity29 ), is the culmination of a complex sequence of molecular and histologic derangements of the colon epithelium that are initiated and at least partially sustained by @entity1162 . @entity1141 , the earliest histologic manifestation of this process, plays an important role in @entity5 prevention by providing the first clinical alert that this sequence is under way and by serving as an endpoint in colonoscopic surveillance of @entity1 at high risk for @entity14 . @entity4256 ( @entity4256 ) is indicated for @entity1 with @entity29 , specifically for @entity31 that is refractory to medical treatment, emergency conditions, and/or in case of @entity5 . Even after @entity4256 with mucosectomy, pouch-related @entity189 have recently been reported with increasing frequency since the first report in 1984. We review @entity29 -associated @entity14 and pouch-related @entity5 prevalence, adverse events, risk factors, and surveillances. METHODS: Literature of @entity29 -associated @entity14 @entity1 and those undergoing @entity4256 surgeries through 2010 were prospectively reviewed. RESULTS: We found 12 studies from retrospective series and 15 case reports. To date, there are 43 reported cases of pouch-related @entity5 . Thirty-two @entity1 had @entity5 in the anal transit zone ( @entity10664 ); of these, 28 @entity1 had mucosectomy. Eleven @entity1 had @entity5 found in the pouch body. CONCLUSION: @entity4256 with mucosectomy does not necessarily eliminate risks. There is little evidence to support routine surveillance of pouch mucosa and the ATZ except for @entity1 associated with histological type C changes, sclerosing @entity255 , and unremitting @entity5042 .

title: XXXX : proctocolectomy and mucosectomy do not necessarily eliminate pouch-related @entity5 incidences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4256 :: ('MESH:D054019', 'Disease') :: ['Restorative proctocolectomy', 'RPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer']


abstract: A severe, @entity2335 that resulted in macroscopic @entity811 occurred in 8 of 20 healthy @entity235 undergoing a series of diagnostic tests. Four of the remaining 12 @entity235 had mild @entity1494 consisting of @entity4 and @entity548 . Nine of the 20 @entity235 developed @entity293 after the procedures. These complications seemed associated with the radiographic technique of retrograde urethrography performed when the urinary bladder was distended. To test this hypothesis, retrograde urethrography was performed on 5 additional @entity235 . With the bladder undistended, no complications occurred. However, distention of these same @entity235 ' bladders for 1 minute or less with sterile lactated Ringer's solution administered through a Foley catheter in the penile urethra resulted in a macroscopic @entity811 in all 5 @entity235 which persisted for 24 hours. A microscopic @entity811 continued for 5 days. One @entity235 developed a @entity293 . A severe fibrinopurulent @entity2335 was present at necropsy of 2 @entity235 2 days after distention. The morphologic changes in the bladder gradually diminished over 7 days, but mild @entity4 and @entity548 were still present when 2 @entity235 were necropsied, 7 days after distention. These studies indicated that retrograde urethrography in @entity235 may be complicated by @entity2335 and @entity293 if performed with @entity1494 .

title: Complications of XXXX during retrograde urethrography.

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder lesions', 'urinary bladder distention']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal edema']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['cystitis', 'hemorrhagic cystitis', 'ulcerative cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'bacterial urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder distension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of HLA-DR alleles in Pakistani @entity1 of @entity7271 in comparison with local healthy controls. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Immunology, @entity1345 ( @entity1345 ), Rawalpindi, from January 2011 to January 2014. METHODOLOGY: Twenty eight @entity1 with biopsy proven diagnosis of @entity7271 referred from Department of Dermatology, Military Hospital, Rawalpindi were included. @entity1 were compared with a group of 150 unrelated local healthy subjects. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood collected in Tri- @entity1098 . @entity1533 typing was carried out on allele level ( @entity1533 *01 - @entity1533 *16) using SSP (sequence specific primers). HLA type was determined by agarose gel electrophoresis and results recorded. Phenotype frequency of various alleles among @entity1 group and control group was calculated by direct counting and significance of their association was determined by Fisher's exact test/ Chi square test. RESULTS: A total of 12 male and 16 female @entity1 , with age ranging from 21 to 34 (mean 23.4 years) were genotyped for @entity1533 loci. A statistically significant association of the disease with @entity1533 *04 was observed (50% versus 20.7% in controls, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There is a strong association of @entity1533 *04 with @entity7271 in Pakistani population.

title: HLA- DR Alleles in Pakistani XXXX of @entity7271 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium EDTA']

entities_list: @entity1345 :: ('MESH:C566258', 'Disease') :: ['AFIP', 'Armed Forces Institute of Pathology']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Knowledge of risk factors for @entity14 could inform risk reduction strategies for asymptomatic individuals. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for advanced @entity14 in asymptomatic individuals, compared risk factors between @entity1 with and without @entity1127 , or included most purported risk factors in a multivariate analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine risk factors associated with advanced @entity14 in a cohort of asymptomatic @entity1 with complete colonoscopy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Prospective, cross-sectional study of 3121 asymptomatic @entity1 aged 50 to 75 years from 13 Veterans Affairs medical centers conducted between February 1994 and January 1997. All @entity1 had complete colonoscopy to determine the prevalence of advanced @entity5 , defined as an @entity652 that was 10 mm or more in diameter, a @entity5493 , an @entity652 with high-grade @entity1141 , or @entity3 . Variables examined included history of first-degree relative with @entity14 , prior cholecystectomy, serum @entity165 level, physical activity, smoking, @entity167 use, and dietary factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: An age-adjusted analysis was performed for each variable to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) associated with having advanced @entity5 compared with having no @entity1127 . We developed a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the most informative risk factors. A secondary analysis examined risk factors for having @entity1127 compared with having no @entity1127 and compared with having advanced @entity5 . RESULTS: Three hundred twenty-nine @entity1 had advanced @entity5 and 1441 had no @entity1127 . In multivariate analyses, we found positive associations for history of a first-degree relative with @entity14 (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.16-2.35), current smoking (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.33-2.58), and current moderate to heavy @entity167 use (OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.03). Inverse associations were found for cereal fiber intake (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99), @entity560 intake (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.90-0.99), and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.48-0.91). In the univariate analysis, the inverse association was found with cereal fiber intake greater than 4.2 g/d, @entity560 intake greater than 645 IU/d, and daily use of NSAIDs. Marginal factors included physical activity, daily multivitamin use, and intake of @entity460 and fat derived from red meat. No association was found for body mass index, prior cholecystectomy, or serum @entity165 level. Three hundred ninety-one @entity1 had @entity1127 as the worst lesion found at colonoscopy. Risk variables were similar to those for @entity1 with no @entity1127 , except that past and current smoking were associated with an increased risk of @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data endorse several important risk factors for advanced @entity694 and provide a rationale for prudent risk reduction strategies. Further study is needed to determine if lifestyle changes can moderate the risk of @entity14 .

title: Risk factors for advanced @entity694 and XXXX in asymptomatic individuals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'hyperplastic polyps']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer', 'colorectal neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity1127 :: (MESH:D011127,Disease) :: ['hyperplastic polyps']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of @entity1 / @entity5 characteristics, radiation dose, and fractionation using the linear-quadratic (LQ) model to predict stereotactic body radiation therapy-induced grade >= 2 chest wall @entity158 (CWP2) in a larger series and develop clinically useful constraints for @entity1 treated with different fraction numbers. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 316 @entity2 in 295 @entity1 were treated with  stereotactic body radiation therapy in 3 to 5 fractions to 39 to 60  Gy. Absolute dose-absolute volume chest wall (CW) histograms were acquired. The raw dose-volume histograms (a/b  =      Gy) were converted via the LQ model to equivalent doses in 2-Gy fractions (normalized total dose, NTD) with a/b from 0 to 25  Gy in 0.1-Gy steps. The Cox proportional hazards (CPH) model was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify and assess CWP2 exposed to a given physical and NTD. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 15.4  months, and the median time to development of CWP2 was 7.4  months. On a univariate CPH model, prescription dose, prescription dose per fraction, number of fractions, D83cc, distance of @entity5 to CW, and body mass index were all statistically significant for the development of CWP2. Linear-quadratic correction improved the CPH model significance over the physical dose. The best-fit a/b was 2.1  Gy, and the physical dose (a/b  =      Gy) was outside the upper 95% confidence limit. With a/b  =  2.1  Gy, VNTD99Gy was most significant, with median VNTD99Gy  =  31.5  cm(3) (hazard ratio 3.87, P<.001). CONCLUSION: There were several predictive factors for the development of CWP2. The LQ-adjusted doses using the best-fit a/b  =  2.1  Gy is a better predictor of CWP2 than the physical dose. To aid dosimetrists, we have calculated the physical dose equivalent corresponding to VNTD99Gy  =  31.5  cm(3) for the 3- to 5-fraction groups.

title: Impact of Fractionation and Dose in a Multivariate Model for Radiation-Induced Chest  Wall XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two cell culture techniques, static and flow perfusion, on the osteogenic expression of @entity35 bone marrow cells seeded into @entity702 fiber mesh for a period up to 16 days. A cell suspension of @entity35 bone marrow stromal osteoblasts (5 x 10(5) cells/300 microL) was seeded into the mesh material. Thereafter, the constructs were cultured under static conditions or in a flow perfusion system for 4, 8, and 16 days. To evaluate cellular proliferation and differentiation, constructs were examined for DNA, @entity460 content, and alkaline phosphatase activity. Samples were also examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and plastic-embedded histological sections. Results showed an increase in DNA from day 4 to day 8 for the flow perfusion system. At day 8, a significant enhancement in DNA content was observed for flow perfusion culture compared with static culture conditions, but similar cell numbers were found for each culture system at 16 days. @entity460 measurements showed a large increase in @entity460 content of the meshes subjected to flow perfusion at day 16. The SEM examination revealed that the 16-day samples subjected to flow perfusion culture were completely covered with layers of cells and mineralized matrix. In addition, this matrix extended deep into the scaffolds. In contrast, meshes cultured under static conditions had only a thin sheet of matrix present on the upper surface of the meshes. Evaluation of the light microscopy sections confirmed the SEM observations. On the basis of our results, we conclude that a flow perfusion system can enhance the early proliferation, differentiation, and mineralized matrix production of bone marrow stromal osteoblasts seeded in @entity702 fiber mesh.

title: Flow perfusion culture of marrow stromal osteoblasts in XXXX fiber mesh.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: A group of @entity1 with diagnosed @entity459 ( @entity459 ) in Auckland between 1982 and 1986 is reviewed. Of the 119 @entity1 , 55 had pre-operative scanning, 36 had no scanning prior to surgery and 29 were managed conservatively. Of the 52 @entity1 who had pre-operative localization with ultrasound scanning, only 27 (52%) had their @entity652 correctly predicted upon neck exploration. Of the 14 @entity1 investigated with @entity3154 and @entity1136 ( @entity8034 ) subtraction scanning, 10 (71%) had their @entity652 positively identified in the predicted locations, whereas the cause of the parathyroid pathology was correctly identified in 33 of the 36 @entity1 (92%) who had surgery alone with no pre-operative scanning. In 11 @entity1 both ultrasound and @entity8034 subtraction scanning were employed. In eight @entity1 the results of the two scanning modalities agreed, and in seven of these eight @entity1 the @entity652 was correctly predicted (six single @entity652 and one with double @entity652 ). In the three @entity1 in whom the results of the two modalities differed, the @entity8034 subtraction scanning correctly predicted the site of the @entity652 in two @entity1 and in the third @entity1 (with a small 223 mg @entity652 ) both modalities were incorrect. Of the six @entity1 with histologically proven @entity3243 , only three had pre-operative localization with ultrasound alone, and all three had incorrect predictions (one false positive for @entity652 , and two false negative scans). Overall the results cast doubt over the usefulness of pre-operative scanning as a routine investigation prior to initial neck exploration for @entity459 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The use of pre-operative scan prior to neck exploration for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium-99m']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['PHP', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity15 is an @entity6220 . This is due to migration of peripherally activated lymphocytes to central nervous system leading to inflammatory lesions. However, liver has an anti-inflammatory microenvironment. Myelin expression in the liver of @entity19 suppresses inflammatory lesions within central nervous system. Considering the notion that the inflammatory events originate from periphery, we investigated if the liver was affected in an animal model for @entity15 . METHODS: Experimental autoimmune @entity1651 was induced in male Lewis @entity35 using @entity840 spinal cord and complete Freund's adjuvant. Weight, clinical score, and survival rate were evaluated for 14 days post immunization. Liver sections were taken and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 and examined with an Olympus microscope. RESULTS: Mortality was accompanied by @entity409 . Sinusoidal congestion, pycnotic nuclei within hepatocytes, hepatocyte @entity39 , and severe widespread congestion along with fat accumulation within hepatocytes ( @entity528 ) were observed in liver tissue sections. CONCLUSION: @entity409 occurs in experimental autoimmune @entity1651 . The perpetuation of self antigen leading to continuous migration of extrahepatically activated T cells makes an inflammatory milieu in the liver. It follows migration and development of more inflammatory cells and may paralyses tolerance inducing mechanisms. Apart from @entity6220 , @entity99 may act as synergistic factor for debilitation and mortality.

title: XXXX and Mortality in a Male Lewis @entity35 of Experimental Autoimmune @entity1651 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system lesion', 'inflammatory disease of the central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver damage', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['fatty degeneration']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Damage']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) has recently been evaluated as a new staging technique for early @entity0 . To minimize the extent of surgery, the feasibility of eradicating primary @entity1558 and the relative sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) under regional anesthesia was evaluated in this study. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A selected population of 76 @entity1 with suspected operable @entity0 and no clinically palpable lymph nodes was enrolled in the study. Intra- and perilesional administration of a radiotracer was performed. Lymphoscintigraphy was carried out to confirm the drainage pathway and locate the SLN. The following day, after inducing a nervous block induction of the ipsilateral intercostal nerves, we performed the surgical procedure with the help of a hand-held gamma-detecting probe. In case the @entity75 was diagnosed as @entity189 by frozen section, the SLN and the remaining axillary lymph nodes (non-SLNs) were removed. The status of SLN and non-SLNs was compared. RESULTS: The primary breast lesion was located and excised in all cases (identification rate: 100%). Lymphoscintigraphy positively identified SLNs in 40/45 (89%) @entity1 ; in five @entity1 no lymphatic drainage was detected. In 38 cases an average of 1.5 SLNs and 14 non-SLNs per @entity1 were removed and pathologically analyzed; the remaining two @entity1 showed SLNs in the internal mammary chain, which were not excised. Twenty-nine percent of the @entity1 showed @entity3 in the lymph nodes examined. Of all @entity1 with affected nodes, 55% had @entity5 cells only in the SLN. No false negatives (skip metastases) were found. No immediate or long-term anesthesia-related complications (e.g., @entity456 , intravascular injection) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the feasibility of single radiotracer administration for both @entity75 and SLN localization as well as the usefulness of @entity1600 in staging early @entity0 . Regional anesthesia resulted in easy management and good @entity1 compliance. This time-saving procedure allowed the completion of the whole surgical plan, reducing the recovery time without modifying the effectiveness of surgery.

title: Minimal sentinel node procedure for staging early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion', 'occult lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['SLND', 'Sentinel lymph node dissection']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity456 :: ('MESH:D010995', 'Disease') :: ['pleural lesions']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well accepted that @entity1 with severe @entity339 ( @entity339 ) benefit from mitral valve repair; however, the management of those with less than severe leakage is controversial. Watchful waiting is often advocated and considered safe, but the risk of developing left ventricular (LV) dysfunction under medical management is unknown. METHODS: Using a population-based County-wide study database, we analyzed echocardiograms during clinical follow-up and medical management of 204 @entity1 with @entity3454 and less-than-severe @entity339 . @entity1002 was defined per American Heart Association guidelines as an ejection fraction (EF) <60% or LV end-systolic dimension > 40 mm. RESULTS: At index examination, mean age was 57 years and 121 (59%) were @entity1 . The mean EF was 62%, and 62 (30%) had evidence of @entity1002 . @entity339 severity was mild in 121 (59%), mild-moderate in 23 (11%), moderate in 36 (18%) and moderate-severe in 24 (12%). During follow-up (mean 8.6 years), 79 @entity1 (39%) demonstrated progression of @entity339 by at least one grade. Greater degrees of regurgitation at index echocardiogram were associated with greater progression during follow-up (P=0.0001). After adjusting for age, sex, body surface area (BSA), and baseline regurgitation grade, multivariable modeling revealed that larger LV end-diastolic dimension (odds ratio (OR)=1.14; P=0.0018) and greater diastolic septal thickness (OR=1.40; P=0.0211) predicted greater progression of @entity339 with time. From initial diagnosis to follow-up echocardiography, EF declined, while left-heart dimensions and pulmonary arterial pressure increased. Of the 142 @entity1 with normal baseline LV function, 52% developed either worsening @entity339 or de novo @entity1002 . Importantly, even in the 87 @entity1 with stable regurgitation, 18 (21%) developed new @entity1002 during follow-up. Fifty-two @entity1 (25%) eventually underwent mitral valve repair. Following surgery, there were significant decreases in EF, LV end-diastolic dimensions and LV mass; while 11 developed de novo @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: Over half of @entity1 with chronic persistent, but sub-severe @entity339 due to @entity3454 develop @entity1002 or worsening regurgitation despite optimal medical management. LV deterioration can occur even in the absence of @entity339 progression. These data advocate for the development of detailed guidelines supporting frequent echocardiographic monitoring and the identification of earlier triggers for surgical consideration prior to the development of @entity1002 in this @entity1 population.

title: Management of less-than-severe XXXX : should guidelines recommend earlier surgical intervention?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3454 :: ('MESH:D008945', 'Disease') :: ['mitral leaflet prolapse', 'mitral valve prolapse']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MR', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral regurgitation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Promoter hypermethylation is an alternative mechanism of gene silencing in @entity5 including @entity356 ( @entity356 ). Its affects genes with crucial functions as @entity5 suppressor. METHODS: DNA methylation in the promoter of @entity986 , @entity2529 , @entity1968 receptor b (RARb2), @entity15893 , and @entity5962 genes was investigated in 79 Tunisian @entity1 with @entity356 using methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS: The methylation frequencies vary from 31.6% for @entity986 to 65.8% for RARb2. Hypermethylation of @entity2529 and @entity5962 was associated with @entity5 grade and age (P = 0.04 and 0.034) respectively, while hypermethylation of @entity15893 correlated with TNM stage (P = 0.027). The distribution of the methylated DNA at @entity986 , @entity2529 , and @entity5962 promoters were different in the intestinal and diffuse histotypes of @entity356 according to TNM. Moreover, the survival rate of @entity1 with @entity986 methylated status was shorter than that of @entity1 with the unmethylated status (P log rank = 0.009). On the other hand, the hypermethylation of RARb2 correlated with @entity2247 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: We showed that methylation of @entity986 is predictive of poor prognosis and could be a useful marker. Moreover, the association between RARb2 methylation and @entity2247 expression suggests a functional link between these two proteins in @entity356 .

title: Hypermethylation of XXXX -related genes in Tunisian @entity1 with @entity356 : clinical and biological significance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'GC']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anastomotic dehiscence and leaks are major problems in gastrointestinal surgery and result in increased morbidity and mortality. The ideal device to create anastomoses should ensure good serosal apposition without requiring either transgression of the bowel wall or the presence of foreign material for an extended period of time. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this experimental study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a  new compression @entity254 clip (CAC) for jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies by comparing CAC anastomoses with @entity8566 ( @entity8566 ) anastomoses in @entity1707 in terms of healing, breaking strength and the time to create anastomoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 11 @entity1707 in the study underwent side-to-side CAC and @entity8566 jejunojejunostomies and ileocolostomies, for a  total of 88 anastomoses. The @entity1707 were sacrificed on postoperative day 5 (5 @entity1707 ) or 7 (6  @entity1707 ). Macroscopic, histopathological and breaking-strength examinations were performed. The time to create the anastomoses was recorded. RESULTS: Neither group had anastomotic complications such as @entity3885 . Macroscopic examination showed no statistically significant differences between the groups. In the CAC group, the healing process was characterized by a  lesser inflammatory reaction (p  <  0.05) and very thin scar tissue at the anastomotic line (less collagen deposition and better epithelial regeneration), while the @entity8566 group had a  much thicker anastomotic line. The breaking strength was significantly greater in the CAC group compared with the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.05). The @entity254 time was shorter in the CAC group than in the @entity8566 group (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity254 using a  CAC appears to be safe and less time-consuming than @entity8566 ; it was also characterized by a  good healing process with little inflammatory reaction and a  high breaking strength compared with @entity8566  @entity254 .

title: Compression @entity254 Clips Versus a Hand-Sewn Technique for Intestinal @entity254 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomosis', 'anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['leakage or obstruction']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['Pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4924 is characterized by a displacement of the tricuspid valve toward apex, because of anomalous attachment of the tricuspid leaflets. There are type B of @entity3153 and paroxysmal @entity943 in more than a half of all @entity1 . CASE REPORT: We presented a female, 32-year old, with frequent @entity7965 of @entity955 . After conversion of rhythm an ECG showed @entity3153 . Echocardiographic examination discovered normal size of the left cardiac chambers with paradoxical @entity1757 . The right ventricle was very small because of its atrialization. The origin of the tricuspid valve was 20 mm closer to apex of the right ventricle than the origin of the mitral valve. Electrophysiological examination showed a posterolateral right accesorial pathway. @entity955 was induced very easily in electrophysiological laboratory and a successful ablation of accessorial pathway was made. There were no @entity3153 and @entity7965 of @entity955 after that. CONCLUSION: @entity4924 is one of the reasons of paroxysmal @entity955 , especially in young @entity1 with @entity3153 .

title: [ XXXX as a cause of paroxysmal @entity955 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal motion']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysms']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['WPW syndrome', 'Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity4924 :: (MESH:D004437,Disease) :: ['Ebstein's anomaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity455 are a rare cause of @entity1282 and stridor in the pediatric population. Currently, there is no clear consensus on what type of @entity455 are common in the postcricoid area because adequate histological or immunohistochemistry studies are lacking. This study aimed to describe the histology and immunohistochemistry of postcricoid masses in our institutions' experience, and consolidate available data on the symptoms, management, and histology of these unusual malformations with a comprehensive literature review. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective @entity1 and literature review. METHODS: A retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity455 was performed at two pediatric tertiary care institutions. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies were performed in @entity1 undergoing a lesion biopsy. A complete literature review of the English language was completed for cases involving @entity455 of the postcricoid area. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were identified in our study with @entity455 . All @entity1 presented with symptoms of @entity1282 and intermittent stridor. Histology and immunohistochemistry studies were performed in three @entity1 . @entity1365 was negative in all three @entity1 , and @entity2280 was positive in all @entity1 tested. Lewis Y antigen was performed in one @entity1 and was negative. A description of 19 cases reported in the English literature is included. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity455 usually present with mild to moderate feeding difficulties, and stridor or @entity1353 with @entity2146 . Histopathology and immunohistochemistry results suggest that @entity455 may often represent @entity1462 instead of infantile @entity2695 .

title: XXXX : histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['postcricoid vascular lesions', 'Postcricoid vascular lesions', 'vascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['congenital vascular malformations']

answer: @entity455 :: (MESH:D014652,Disease) :: ['Postcricoid vascular lesions']


abstract: @entity421 ( @entity421 ) is the most common @entity3478 . MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenously expressed small non-coding RNAs that are strongly implicated in cancerous processes. However, our current understanding of the biological role of miRNAs in @entity421 remains incomplete. In the present study, @entity41669 was markedly downregulated in @entity421 cell lines and clinical specimens. Low-level expression of @entity41669 was significantly associated with distant @entity3 and poor prognosis. Functional studies demonstrated that ectopic expression of @entity41669 suppresses tumor cell proliferation and @entity3 in vitro as well as in vivo. Furthermore, we identified Rho-associated kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity9067 and @entity23759 ) as direct targets for @entity41669 binding, resulting in suppression of their expression. Exogenous expression of @entity9067 or @entity23759 in 143B- @entity41669 cells partially restored @entity41669 -inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In clinical @entity421 specimens, @entity9067 and @entity23759 levels were elevated, relative to that in paired normal bone tissues, and inversely correlated with @entity41669 expression. Taken together, @entity41669 suppresses @entity421 progression by directly downregulating @entity9067 and @entity23759 expression, and may be a promising therapeutic target for @entity421 .

title: MicroRNA-144 suppresses @entity421 growth and @entity3 by targeting @entity9067 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor of bone']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['Osteosarcoma', 'OS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity23759 :: (9475,Gene) :: ['ROCK2']