abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity18151 ( @entity18151 ) proteins interact with activated Ga subunits via their @entity18151 domains and accelerate the hydrolysis of @entity3007 . Whereas the R4 subfamily of @entity18151 proteins generally accepts both Gai/o and Gaq/11 subunits as substrates, the R7 and R12 subfamilies select against Gaq/11. In contrast, only one @entity18151 protein, @entity18232 , is known to be selective for Gaq/11. The molecular basis for this selectivity is not clear. Previously, the crystal structure of @entity18232 in complex with Gaq revealed a non-canonical interaction that could be due to interfacial differences imposed by @entity18232 , the Ga subunit, or both. To resolve this ambiguity, the 2.6    crystal structure of @entity72791 , an R4 subfamily member, was determined in complex with Gaq. @entity72791 adopts the same pose on Gaq as it does when bound to Gai3, indicating that the non-canonical interaction of @entity18232 with Gaq is due to unique features of @entity18232 . Based on the @entity72791 structure, residues in @entity72791 that contact a unique a-helical domain loop of Gaq were converted to those typically found in R12 subfamily members, and the reverse substitutions were introduced into @entity72792 , an R12 subfamily member. Although these substitutions perturbed their ability to stimulate GTP hydrolysis, they did not reverse selectivity. Instead, selectivity for Gaq seems more likely determined by whether strong contacts can be maintained between a of the @entity18151 domain and Switch III of Gaq, regions of high sequence and conformational diversity in both protein families.

title: Structure of the @entity72791 ( XXXX )-Gaq Complex: Molecular Basis for Ga Selectivity.

entities_list: @entity18151 :: ('MESH:C538387', 'Disease') :: ['Regulator of G protein signaling', 'RGS']

answer: @entity72791 :: (85397,Gene) :: ['RGS8']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relation between latex-specific IgE titer and the type or total number of latex-induced symptoms has not been previously investigated. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the association of latex-IgE in vitro assay results with the type, number, or severity of symptoms in @entity1 allergic to latex. METHODS: Ninety-one @entity1 with positive histories and positive skin test responses were identified as having type I @entity566 . Data was collected for reported symptoms after latex exposure. Symptom severity was quantitated by 2 scores: (1) the total number of symptoms to latex exposure and (2) a symptom severity score (3 = anaphylaxis, 2 = @entity565 , and 1 = @entity7370 , @entity110 , or both). All subjects underwent AlaSTAT and CAP tests. RESULTS: AlaSTAT class was associated with total number of symptoms (r = 0.32, P <.001) and severity score (r = 0.33, P <.002). Similarly, CAP class was associated with both number of symptoms (r = 0.32, P <. 0001) and severity score (r = 0.31, P <.001). Among the symptoms reported, @entity565 had the strongest association with a positive in vitro IgE assay (odds ratio = 6.7 [95% confidence interval = 1.9, 25. 6]), followed by @entity110 (odds ratio = 1.9 [95% confidence interval = 0.8, 4.6]). @entity5526 had no statistical association with in vitro assays in this study. AlaSTAT and CAP class correlated together significantly (r = 0.58, P <.001). CONCLUSION: @entity1 allergic to latex with higher AlaSTAT or CAP class were more symptomatic. Increasing class or titer also predicted more severe symptoms. Higher class of either the AlaSTAT or CAP assay to latex was strongly associated with latex-related @entity565 and @entity110 and marginally associated with latex-related @entity7370 .

title: Relation of latex-specific IgE titer and symptoms in XXXX allergic to latex.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['Contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach is reported as less invasive, allowing an earlier discharge. Published series have never focused on its use in acromegalic @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach in the management of @entity2124 -secreting @entity652 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Nineteen consecutively operated @entity1 were assessed with a prospective follow-up of one year. RESULTS: Sex ratio was 0.7/1 and gross total removal was obtained in 16 cases (84%), subtotal in three (16%). The only complication was a @entity5173 requiring spinal drainage. The median in-hospital stay was 2.5 days. Sixteen @entity1 experienced clinical improvement (84%) and no changes were observed in three (16%). @entity41 was seen in two cases (11%). @entity2124 levels < 2 ng/dl were seen in 17 cases (89%) and only two @entity1 (11%) had a level >2 ng/dl. @entity442 levels were normalized in 16 cases (84%) and remained elevated in three @entity1 (16%). One @entity1 presented an isolated elevated level of @entity442 . @entity1 with @entity41 and elevated @entity2124 and @entity442 levels underwent complementary radiosurgery. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach seems to be useful in @entity2012 , with a high rate of clinical and biochemical cure among other benefits.

title: [Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach for XXXX -producing pituitary adenomas. Preliminary results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor-1', 'Insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity2124 :: ('2688', 'Gene') :: ['growth hormone', 'Growth hormone']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Myocardial function and peripheral hemodynamic alterations were measured through the late stages of @entity235 endotoxin shock. 60 min postendotoxin paired animals were given infusions of either 5 ml/kg per hr of 5% @entity413 or @entity413 plus @entity3044 (0.25 mug/kg per min). Comparable blood lactic and @entity2388 levels were determined, the excess @entity880 calculated, and pH values were obtained. During the initial stages the classic pattern of hemodynamic alterations was observed; an excess of @entity880 appeared and the pH decreased. Outstanding was evidence of markedly reduced myocardial function in the late stages of shock with progressive rise in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), low cardiac index, rise of central venous pressure, increased central blood volume, @entity591 , and declining arterial pressure. Analyses of left ventricular function curves also indicated @entity712 . Infusion of @entity413 alone failed to decrease mortality rate (10 of 18 dying), whereas the rate was significantly decreased with @entity3044 (2 of 18). @entity413 infusion did not benefit myocardial function. @entity3044 resulted in a marked improvement in myocardial action with a significant increase in heart work associated with, yet very minor, increments of LVEDP. In addition, @entity591 subsided, peripheral resistance decreased, and the blood pressure stabilized. The prognostic value of excess @entity880 was doubtful but a progressive fall in later stages was associated with survival.

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX in @entity235 endotoxin shock.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextrose', 'dextrose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvic acid']

answer: @entity3044 :: (MESH:D007545,Chemical) :: ['isoproterenol']


abstract: Purpose. To evaluate of functional and cosmetic effectiveness of lower eyelid sling technique with fascia lata graft in @entity1 with lagophthalmos due to @entity3541 . Material and Method. Ten @entity1 with a mean age of 55.1    19.77 years who underwent lower eyelid sling surgery with a fascia lata graft between September 2011 and January 2014 were included in this prospective study. Preoperatively and postoperatively @entity1 were evaluated in terms of corneal epithelial defects, Schirmer's test, and @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ). Cosmetically, vertical eyelid aperture, margin reflex distances 1 and 2 ( @entity25796 and @entity34953 ) and scleral show were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results. One @entity1 had @entity3541 on the right side whereas the other 9 @entity1 had @entity3541 on the left side. Preoperatively, 3 @entity1 were detected with @entity3283 , whereas 7 @entity1 were detected with persistent corneal epithelial defects localized in the lower half of the @entity267 . In the 3 @entity1 with preoperative @entity3283 , the @entity1066 recovered with corneal opacity, whereas in the 7 @entity1 with punctate epitheliopathy, postoperative corneal transparency was obtained. Discussion. Lower eyelid sling technique with fascia lata graft is an effective technique for the repositioning of the lower eyelid and preventing the corneal complications.

title: Effectiveness of the Lower Eyelid Suspension Using Fascia Lata Graft for the Treatment of Lagophthalmos due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['TBUT', 'tear break-up time']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ulcer']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial Paralysis']


abstract: For treatment of @entity1034 , @entity41463 ( @entity9989 ) has been the only drug available in Japan. However, IUdR is not completely satisfactory, and alternative antivirals are required. The Association for Research in Infectious @entity2194 , Japan, carried out a clinical trial in 92 cases of @entity3283 using 3 percent @entity1033 ophthalmic ointment to determine its efficacy and safety. In 63 eyes, it had an excellent effect and @entity1066 healed within seven days. In 26 eyes, it had a good effect and @entity1066 healed within 14 days or became half-size within seven days. Therefore, the response to @entity1033 in 96.8 percent of cases was excellent or good. The average healing time in 81 eyes in which @entity1066 disappeared within 14 days was 5.8 +/- 3.4 days. Including the five eyes in which @entity1066 took more than 14 days to heal, the average healing time of @entity1066 was 6.6 +/- 4.8 days. Of the 92 @entity1 treated with @entity1033 ointment, one had contact blepharoconjunctivitis and another complained of mild @entity146 . Mild @entity1036 , as another side effect of @entity1033 ointment, was observed in 22 eyes (23.9 percent) by photo-slit lamp examination, but in these @entity1 it was possible to continue treatment without complaint.

title: Clinical evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of @entity3283 .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Diseases of the Eye']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative herpetic keratitis']

answer: @entity1033 :: (MESH:D000212,Chemical) :: ['acyclovir']


abstract: RATIONALE: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has demonstrated physiological, symptom-reducing, psychosocial, and health economic benefits for @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 , yet it is underutilized worldwide. Insufficient funding, resources, and reimbursement; lack of healthcare professional, payer, and @entity1 awareness and knowledge; and additional @entity1 -related barriers all contribute to the gap between the knowledge of the science and benefits of PR and the actual delivery of PR services to suitable @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this document are to enhance implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation to suitable individuals worldwide. METHODS: Members of the American @entity1514 Society (ATS) Pulmonary Rehabilitation Assembly and the @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) Rehabilitation and Chronic Care Group established a Task Force and writing committee to develop a policy statement on PR. The document was modified based on feedback from expert peer reviewers. After cycles of review and revisions, the statement was reviewed and formally approved by the Board of Directors of the ATS and the Science Council and Executive Committee of the @entity1576 . MAIN RESULTS: This document articulates policy recommendations for advancing healthcare professional, payer, and @entity1 awareness and knowledge of PR, increasing @entity1 access to PR, and ensuring quality of PR programs. It also recommends areas of future research to establish evidence to support the development of an updated funding and reimbursement policy regarding PR. CONCLUSIONS: The ATS and @entity1576 commit to undertake actions that will improve access to and delivery of PR services for suitable @entity1 . They call on their members and other health professional societies, payers, @entity1 , and @entity1 advocacy groups to join in this commitment.

title: An Official American XXXX Society/ @entity1576 Policy Statement: Enhancing Implementation, Use, and Delivery of Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases', 'ERS', 'European Respiratory Society']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing @entity5 burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the @entity5 incidence. @entity9052 is known for its potential to treat various ailments in @entity1 beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of @entity9052 against chemical-induced @entity105 in mammals. METHODS: @entity1489 were induced in Swiss albino @entity19 by a single topical application of @entity3653 (100   g/100   L @entity1324 ) and, 2  wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% @entity1324 ) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16  wk). Hydroalcoholic @entity9052 root extract at a dose of 25  mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the peri-initiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. RESULTS: @entity9052 root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in @entity5 incidence, cumulative number of @entity5 , @entity5 yield, and @entity5 burden, as compared to the @entity3653 -croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, catalase, @entity620 , and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with @entity9052 root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity9052 has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce @entity5 in mammals.

title: Chemoprevention of chemical-induced XXXX by @entity9052 root extract.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['P.  ginseng', 'Ginseng', 'Panax ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['skin cancer']


abstract: We investigated the rate of tension development (kappa td) after photolytical release of @entity855 from @entity73144 ('caged @entity855 ') of atrial and ventricular fibre bundles from @entity1707 . Contraction was initiated from @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) and low-tension (LT) rigor at maximal @entity141 activation (pCa 4.5). The kappa td of atrial fibre bundles was 6.8 s-1 from LT and 6.9 s-1 from @entity2701 rigor. Rate of tension development of ventricular fibre bundles was significantly lower (P < 0.001) being 1.06 s-1 and 0.94 s-1 from LT and @entity2701 rigor, respectively. The kappa td of skinned ventricular fibre bundles incubated in a high [K+], low [ @entity141 ] (cardioplegic) solution prior to the skinning procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 0.73 s-1 and 0.63 s-1 from LT and @entity2701 rigor, respectively, whereas that of skinned atrial fibre bundles remained at 7.1 s-1 and 6.9 s-1 from LT and @entity2701 rigor, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of the @entity13143 light chain 2 isoform in the atrial fibre bundles (ALC-2) was 15.6 +/- 2.7%. The corresponding values for the two ventricular isoforms, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, were 31.2 +/- 0.4% and 25.1 +/- 2.1%, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of fibre bundles incubated in cardioplegic solution prior to skinning were 11.6%, 18.9%, and 15.4% of the ALC-2, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, respectively. The results show that the rate of tension development is more than seven-fold higher in the atrial compared with ventricular fibre bundles. These results correlate with the differences in ATPase activity of the contractile proteins in solution and, most likely, reflect differences in the @entity13143 isoform composition. In ventricular fibre bundles the increased levels of light chain phosphorylation were associated with increased rate of contraction.

title: Rate of active tension development from rigor in skinned atrial and ventricular cardiac fibres from XXXX following photolytic release of @entity855 from caged @entity855 .

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'high-tension']

entities_list: @entity73144 :: ('MESH:C029273', 'Chemical') :: ["P3-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethyladenosine-5'-triphosphate"]

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical properties, operative results of @entity612 and factors correlating with prognosis. METHODS: From September 1992 to January 2001, 16 @entity1 who suffered from @entity612 caused by degeneration, ossified ligamentum flavum, diffuse idiopathic @entity4916 and @entity130 , were decompressed by operation. The operative method was selected according to the compressed position of spinal cord. All @entity1 were followed up 6 months to 9 years. The @entity158 severity, ambulatory status and @entity451 index were compared between before operation and after operation. The correlation between prognosis and ages, the length of @entity850 and the duration of disease was studied. RESULTS: The results of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test show significant difference in @entity158 severity, ambulatory status and @entity451 index between before operation and after operation (P < 0.01). The results of partial correlation analyzing show that only the duration of disease was correlated with @entity451 index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thoracic @entity612 frequently develops in the lower-thoracic segments in middle and old aged @entity1 . Decompression by operation early can achieve a good clinical result. @entity66 affects the prognosis.

title: [Operative results and prognosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Duration of disease']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis', 'spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity612 :: (MESH:D013130,Disease) :: ['thoracic spinal stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 skin colour, ie @entity2118 , differs widely among individuals, as do their responses to various types of ultraviolet radiation (UV) and their risks of @entity1489 . In some individuals, UV-induced @entity2118 persists for months to years in a phenomenon termed long-lasting @entity2118 (LLP). It is unclear whether LLP is an indicator of potential risk for @entity1489 . LLP seems to have similar features to other forms of @entity2117 , eg solar lentigines or age spots, which are clinical markers of photodamage and risk factors for @entity1613 . To investigate what UV-induced molecular changes may persist in individuals with LLP, clinical specimens from non-sunburn-inducing repeated UV exposures (UVA, UVB or UVA + UVB) at 4 months post-exposure (short-term LLP) were evaluated by microarray analysis and dataset mining. Validated targets were further evaluated in clinical specimens from six healthy individuals (three LLP+ and three LLP-) followed for more than 9 months (long-term LLP) who initially received a single sunburn-inducing UVA + UVB exposure. The results support a UV-induced @entity2117 model in which basal keratinocytes have an impaired ability to remove melanin that leads to a compensatory mechanism by neighbouring keratinocytes with increased proliferative capacity to maintain skin homeostasis. The attenuated expression of @entity34980 and other hemidesmosomal components ( @entity16246 ) leads to increased melanosome uptake by keratinocytes and points to a spatial regulation within the epidermis. The reduced density of hemidesmosomes provides supporting evidence for plasticity at the epidermal-dermal junction. Altered hemidesmosome plasticity, and the sustained nature of LLP, may be mediated by the role of @entity34980 in basal keratinocytes. The long-term sustained subtle changes detected are modest, but sufficient to create dramatic visual differences in skin colour. These results suggest that the @entity2117 phenomenon leading to increased interdigitation develops in order to maintain normal skin homeostasis in individuals with LLP. Copyright    2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: UV exposure modulates hemidesmosome plasticity, contributing to long-term XXXX in @entity1 skin.

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity16246 :: ('5339', 'Gene') :: ['integrin a6b4 and plectin']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous lesions']

answer: @entity2118 :: (MESH:D010859,Disease) :: ['pigmentation']


abstract: Dermatophytes are among the common fungal agents implicated in superficial @entity272 worldwide. They include species of @entity12734 , Microsporum and Epidermophyton. In hot and humid climates of tropical and subtropical regions, the incidence of these pathogens is higher. We present in this article, the epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of different dermatophyte species involved in superficial mycoses in @entity1 @entity1 in the state of Himachal Pradesh (India) and different clinical conditions, age and sex of the @entity1 . A total of 202 samples in the form of skin and nail scrapings, hair follicles were collected from different ringworm/ @entity4013 conditions which included: @entity4013 , T. capitis, T. cruris, T. pedis, T. unguium, T. faciei, T. manuum and T. gladiatorum. On culturing, 74 samples (36.6%) were found positive for dermatophyte spp. @entity12734 spp. was the predominant one (98.65% cases) followed by @entity14955 (1.35% cases). However, we did not recover any Epidermophyton spp. Among the @entity12734 spp., T. mentegrophyte was the predominant spp. (63.5%) followed by @entity12734 (35.1%). The male to female ratio of the positive cases was recorded as 63:11. The most effected age group was 21-50  years (64.9%) followed by 1-20  years (28.4%) and above 50  years (6.8%).

title: Epidemiological studies on @entity4013 in XXXX @entity1 in Himachal Pradesh, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14955 :: ('63402', 'Species') :: ['Microsporum gypseum']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['tinea', 'Tinea corporis']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity12734 :: ('5551', 'Species') :: ['Trichophyton', 'T. rubrum']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. CPI-17 has recently been identified as a novel protein in vascular smooth muscle. In vitro , its phosphorylation and thiophosphorylation by @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) specifically inhibits the type 1 class of protein phosphatases, including myosin light chain (MLC) phosphatase. 2. Both of the phosphorylated CPI-17 states dose-dependently potentiated submaximal contractions at constant [ @entity141 ] in beta-escin-permeabilized and Triton X-100-demembranated arterial smooth muscle, but produced no effect in intact and less intensely permeabilized (alpha-toxin) tissue. Thiophosphorylated CPI-17 (tp-CPI) induced large contractions even under @entity141 -free conditions and decreased @entity141 EC50 by more than an order of magnitude. Unphosphorylated CPI-17 produced minimal but significant effects. 3. tp-CPI substantially increased the steady-state MLC phosphorylation to @entity141 ratios in beta-escin preparations. 4. tp-CPI affected the kinetics of contraction and relaxation and of MLC phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in such a manner that indicates its major physiological effect is to inhibit MLC phosphatase. 5. Results from use of specific inhibitors in concurrence with tp-CPI repudiate the involvement of general G proteins, @entity11613 or @entity7131 itself in the @entity141 sensitization by tp-CPI. 6. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of CPI-17 by @entity7131 stimulates binding of CPI-17 to and subsequent inhibition of MLC phosphatase. This implies that CPI-17 accounts largely for the heretofore unknown signalling pathway between @entity7131 and inhibited MLC phosphatase.

title: Possible involvement of the novel CPI-17 protein in XXXX signal transduction of rabbit arterial smooth muscle.

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase C', 'PKC']

answer: @entity7131 :: (MESH:D020151,Disease) :: ['protein kinase C']


abstract: @entity1118 , @entity508 , and @entity308 are three common secondary health problems experienced by @entity1 living with traumatic @entity1566 . Limited research exists related to the interaction of these symptoms and their cumulative effect on @entity1 outcomes and quality of life. This article is a report of an exploratory literature review that uses the conceptual approach of symptom clustering to classify secondary health problems in @entity1566 . CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published in English between 1990 and 2008. Eleven articles met the inclusion criteria for review. Studies were categorized by levels of evidence defined by the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses Clinical Practice Guidelines. Research on the interaction of the symptom pair chronic @entity158 and @entity308 was evident. Several surveys reported the occurrence of multiple symptoms, but none specifically addressed the management of the interactive effects of the symptom cluster chronic @entity158 , @entity508 , and @entity308 . Increased disciplinary knowledge of symptom clusters in the @entity1566 population is needed for research and practice. Furthermore, determining symptom clusters in this population may assist clinicians in providing targeted interventions to simultaneously treat multiple symptoms.

title: Symptom clusters in traumatic XXXX : an exploratory literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pain']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Carotid angioplasty with stent placement is becoming an established treatment modality for @entity1 with high-risk carotid @entity850 . Unlike carotid endarterectomy, angioplasty causes direct mechanical dilation of the stenotic carotid artery and bulb. Stimulation of the sinus baroreceptors induces a reflexive response that consists of increased parasympathetic discharge and inhibition of sympathetic tone, which results in @entity1168 and subsequent cardiogenic @entity551 . METHODS: At a single institution, the experience with 43 @entity1 treated from November 1994 to January 2000 with 47 angioplasty and stent procedures for occlusive @entity2998 was retrospectively reviewed. Prophylactic temporary venous pacemakers were used to prevent @entity551 from possible angioplasty-induced @entity1168 . Pacemakers were set to capture a heart rate decrease below 60 beats per minute. Variables analyzed included demographics, etiology of disease, side of the lesion, the presence of symptoms, history of @entity453 , percent @entity850 , type of stent used, number of dilations, pressure of dilation, and angioplasty balloon diameter. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 were excluded because pacemakers were not used during their angioplasty procedures, and these included three @entity341 and a lesion that was unrelated anatomically to the carotid sinus (petrous carotid). The remaining 37 procedures were performed in 33 @entity1 with a mean age of 67 years, and consisted of 17 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 , 20 right and 17 left-sided lesions. The pacemakers maintained a cardiac rhythm in 23 (62%) of the 37 procedures and in no case did the pacemaker fail to respond when activated. Recurrent (56%; 10 of 18), radiation-induced (78%; 7 of 9), and medically refractory carotid @entity850 (67%; 6 of 9) required intraprocedural pacing. Two @entity1 with recurrent @entity850 became @entity551 despite the aid of the pacing device but were not symptomatic. Seventy-nine percent (15 of 19) of symptomatic lesions and 57% (8 of 14) of nonsymptomatic lesions required pacing, which was statistically significant (P = 0.049). No @entity1 experienced an operative morbidity or mortality as a consequence of the temporary pacing devices. CONCLUSION: Angioplasty-induced @entity1168 is a common condition, and it is more prevalent in radiation-induced @entity850 and with symptomatic lesions. Temporary venous demand pacing is a safe procedure and may prevent life-threatening, baroreceptor-induced @entity551 .

title: Prevention of carotid angioplasty-induced @entity1168 and XXXX with temporary venous pacemakers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity174 causes severe @entity158 that can seriously compromise respiratory mechanics and exacerbate underlying @entity651 and pre-existing @entity1576 , predisposing to @entity1576 . The cornerstone of management is early institution of effective @entity158 relief, the subject of this review. METHODS: A MEDLINE search was conducted for the years 1966 through and up to December 2002 for @entity1 studies written in English using the keywords " @entity174 ", " @entity1337 ", "blunt @entity764 ", " @entity764 ". The reference list of key articles was also searched for relevant articles. The various analgesic techniques used in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 were summarized. RESULTS: Analgesia could be provided using systemic opioids, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Alternatively, regional analgesic techniques such as @entity616 , epidural @entity1337 , intrathecal opioids, interpleural @entity1337 and thoracic @entity616 have been used effectively. Although invasive, in general, regional blocks tend to be more effective than systemic opioids, and produce less systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Based on current evidence it is difficult to recommend a single method that can be safely and effectively used for @entity1337 in all circumstances in @entity1 with multiple @entity174 . By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each analgesic technique, the clinician can weigh the risks and benefits and individualize @entity158 management based on the clinical setting and the extent of @entity130 .

title: Acute @entity158 management of @entity1 with multiple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple rib fracture', 'fractured ribs', 'rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma', 'thoracic injury", and "nerve block']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paravertebral block', 'intercostal nerve block']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractured ribs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neural stem cell (NSC)-based carriers have been presented as promising therapeutic tools for the treatment of infiltrative @entity1313 due to their intrinsic @entity5 homing property. They have demonstrated the ability to migrate towards distant @entity5 microsatellites and effectively deliver the therapeutic payload, thus significantly improving survival in experimental animal models for @entity1313 . Despite such optimistic results, the efficacy of NSC-based anti- @entity5 therapy has been limited due to the restricted @entity5 homing ability of NSCs. To examine this issue, we investigated the mechanisms of @entity5 -tropic migration of an FDA-approved NSC line, @entity4178 .F3. @entity1050 , by performing a gene expression analysis. We identified @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity1551 ) as molecules whose expression are significantly elevated in migratory NSCs. We observed increased expression of @entity319 ( @entity319 ) in the focal adhesion complexes of migratory NSCs, with downstream activation of @entity319 -dependent kinases such as p-PLCy, p- @entity3818 , and p-Akt, a signaling cascade reported to be required for cellular migration. In an in vivo @entity11 xenograft model, analysis of the migratory trail showed that NSCs maintained expression of @entity319 and preferentially migrated within the perivascular space. Knockdown of @entity319 via shRNAs led to significant downregulation of @entity1551 expression, which resulted in inhibited @entity5 -tropic migration. Overall, our results suggest, the involvement of @entity319 -regulated @entity1551 in the @entity5 -tropic migratory behavior of NSCs. Our data warrant investigation of @entity1551 as a target for enhancing the migratory properties of NSC carriers and optimizing the delivery of therapeutic payloads to disseminated @entity5 burdens.

title: XXXX as a novel downstream target of @entity319 in @entity11 -tropic neural stem cells.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor-A', 'VEGFA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['orthotopic glioma']

answer: @entity1551 :: (4323,Gene) :: ['MMP14']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity980 survivors have an increased risk of developing @entity5 ( @entity5 ); this risk is traditionally attributed to the effects of multidisciplinary management required for cure. However, the impact of constitutional predisposition has not been properly analyzed. METHODS: We analyzed the risk of @entity5 among 1,151 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity980 and reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries (SEER-9) from 1973 to 2010. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using SEERStat 8.1.2. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2875 had an increased risk of developing a @entity5 (SIR = 15.77, 95%CI 1.91-56.96 and SIR = 5.6, 95%CI 3.32-8.85, respectively). The risk was age-dependent; the highest was among @entity1 <2 years (SIR = 13.38, 95%CI 4.34-31.22) and the lowest was in @entity1 >10 years (SIR = 3.35, 95%CI 1.53-6.35). The risk for the youngest @entity1 was higher for those with @entity2875 (SIR = 14.72, 95%CI 4.01-37.70) compared to other histiotypes. Additionally, the risk of @entity5 was independent of the use of radiation to the primary (SIR = 6.50, 95%CI 3.97-10.03 and SIR = 4.57, 95%CI 2.09-8.68, for @entity1 receiving and not receiving radiation, respectively). The pattern of @entity5 observed was consistent with the @entity8357 -Fraumeni spectrum. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity980 are at high risk of developing @entity5 . This risk is higher for a subgroup of young @entity1 with pleomorphic and embryonal histologies, and is independent of the use of radiation. This suggests that a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity2875 may have a constitutional @entity5 predisposition.

title: An Increased Risk of Second @entity5 After XXXX : Population-Based Evidence for a @entity5 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['second malignant neoplasms', 'SMN', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma', 'pleomorphic and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity404 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity1 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity1198 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity404 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7992 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity4155 , @entity4654 and @entity3646 along with expression of @entity21319 , @entity9235 and @entity16952 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity404 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity3646 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 ) and Th17/ @entity1198 (producing @entity4155 , @entity4654 , @entity13236 and @entity379 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7992 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity3646 , @entity9388 , @entity4155 , @entity9908 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity1198 and @entity1198 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity3646 , @entity4155 and @entity4654 protein and mRNA production of @entity404 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity3646 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual @entity404 + T cells are not deleterious for @entity1 pregnancy when they also produce XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7992 :: ('MESH:D000026', 'Disease') :: ['unexplained recurrent abortion']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['interleukin-4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity161 is the most devastating @entity1032 that causes severe deterioration in social and occupational functioning. This is a pilot study for family-based association analysis of @entity161 in a Korean population to search candidate genes functionally relevant and positionally on chromosome 18. METHODS: We have recruited 27 probands (with @entity716 ) with their parents and siblings whenever possible. We analyzed 20 SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) of seven neuronal genes in chromosome 18 for DNA samples that was checked for the data quality and genotype error. For testing of association, we performed family-based association tests analyses with each individual SNP, using the phenotype of @entity716 . And then, we performed family-based association tests haplotype analyses with each individual SNP, using the phenotype of @entity716 . Finally, we performed linkage disequilibrium analyses for the phenotype of @entity161 . RESULTS: We found one significant SNPs of one neuronal gene in chromosome 18 (P value   <   0.05) for the qualitative phenotype of @entity716 ( @entity71705 : @entity47410 ). We also found significant haplotypes of four SNPs in @entity47410 ( @entity47410 ) gene of chromosome 18 (P value   <   0.1) for the phenotype of @entity716 ( @entity71705 - @entity71706 - @entity71707 - @entity71708 ). Two SNPS within the @entity47410 gene ( @entity71708 , @entity71709 ), plus SNPs within the malic enzyme 2 ( @entity71710 , @entity71711 ), and @entity1594 genes ( @entity71712 , @entity71713 ) were in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (D'   >   0.60). DISCUSSION: The present findings provide convergent evidence (fine mapping of a chromosomal locus 18q21 associated with @entity161 ) suggesting that a specific @entity47410 could be a candidate gene for causing a spectrum of @entity161 phenotype.

title: Pilot study for family-based association analysis of XXXX in a Korean population: Analysis for candidate genes positionally on chromosome 18q21.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity47410 :: ('5596', 'Gene') :: ['MAPK4', 'mitogen-activated protein kinase 4']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: A series of 132 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1756 of the abdominal aorta or iliac arteries treated between 1979 and 1984 is retrospectively reviewed. 13% had a known @entity439 before @entity397 . Workup consisted of clinical assessment alone in 69%, assisted by ultrasound in 23%. Perioperative mortality was 35% (70%-confidence limits (CL) 30%-39%). Preoperative factors associated with increased mortality were age over 80 years, shock and evidence of @entity453 . In addition, intraoperative blood transfusion over 10 liters, suprarenal site of @entity397 , presence of free intraperitoneal blood, suprarenal aortic clamping and operation lasting longer than 3.5 hours were related to @entity204 , though higher mortality was statistically significant only for operating time and site of clamping. Cardiac morbidity was the most common and most critical factor affecting 52% of @entity1 with a mortality of 59% (CL: 52%-65%). Development of @entity177 in postoperative course was almost uniformly associated with @entity204 (91%, CL: 83%-96%) even with use of dialysis, usually from multiple systems failure. Actuarial five-year survival, including perioperative mortality, was 38% (CL: 33%-43%). After a mean follow up of 3.3 years 82% (CL: 76%-87%) of surviving @entity1 are in good health comparable to the pre- @entity397 state. Although many risk factors exist there are few contraindications to surgery, and results can be improved if workup and operation are rapid and simple. Minimizing @entity190 is essential, while supportive measures in postoperative multiple systems failure still remain a serious problem. Prevention of @entity397 by resection of the intact @entity439 remains the ultimate goal.

title: [ XXXX of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. An analysis of 132 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oligo-anuric renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity1756 :: (MESH:D017542,Disease) :: ['Ruptured aneurysm']


abstract: Herein we report the clinicopathological features of four cases of @entity358 that appeared at our institution during a period of 30 years. The @entity1 , 2 males and 2 females, were 50-62 years old. @entity5 was found in the pulmonary trunk and right pulmonary artery in all cases, in the @entity358 in three of the four cases, and in the right ventricular outflow tract in one case. There was direct extension or metastases to the lungs in two cases, the heart in one case, mediastinum or lymph nodes in two cases and the pleura in one case. Ultrastructural examination in one case revealed cells with features of smooth muscle cells and myofibroblasts. Immunohistochemical examination of three cases gave the following results: @entity2277 and smooth muscle specific actin was positive in all three cases, @entity2283 in one case and cytokeratin in one case. No positivity was found for Factor VIII. This and other studies indicate that histologically most pulmonary @entity242 are @entity1822 or "undifferentiated @entity242 ". Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examinations favour an origin from myofibroblasts, probably derived from multipotent (undifferentiated) cells in the wall of the vessel. Most lesions show extensive intrathoracic growth although they rarely metastasize outside the thoracic cavity. They have a poor prognosis although some cases are currently being diagnosed during life.

title: XXXX : report of four cases with electron microscopic and immunohistochemical examinations, and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['artery sarcomas', 'spindle cell sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary artery sarcoma', 'pulmonary valve and left pulmonary artery']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma of the pulmonary artery']


abstract: 1. An investigation has been made of the changes occurring in lysosomal enzyme activities during the early development of experimentally produced @entity99 in the @entity35 . Three enzymes have been studied: acid phosphatase, acid ribonuclease and beta-glucuronidase. Four different methods of inducing @entity99 have been used: administration of @entity4314 , @entity7008 , @entity1232 and the fungal toxin sporidesmin. 2. The majority of the data presented concern alterations produced by @entity4314 . Despite the extensive central @entity39 and accompanying fat accumulation which this poison produced in the liver, only small changes in the activity and latency of lysosomal enzymes could be detected. In the early (pre-necrotic) period of injury these changes were insignificant. At a late stage of injury, when @entity39 was present, there were indications of lysosomal rupture. 3. The results obtained with the other three hepatotoxins were similar to those described for @entity4314 in that no evidence of early lysosomal rupture was obtained during the pre-necrotic period. It is concluded that lysosomes probably play no role in the early development of the four types of @entity99 studied but, instead, are involved in later scavenging processes.

title: Changes in lysosomal enzymes in acute experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'extensive centrilobular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1232 :: ('MESH:D004128', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The clinical feasibility of self-expanding metal stents with respect to the technical success, complications, and reintervention rate should be tested. METHODS: Five coated and 26 uncoated prototype Wallstents, especially designed for @entity850 of the upper GI tract, were implanted in 23 @entity1 . All @entity1 with @entity1282 suffered from inoperable @entity5 @entity850 of the esophagus or the @entity418 . Stent implantation was performed under slight i.v. sedoanalgesia. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all 31 implanted stents. Forty-eight hr after implantation, @entity1282 was improved in 21/23 @entity1 . Acute problems observed within 1 wk were stent migration (1 @entity1 , uncoated stent), oblique position of the stent (3 @entity1 ), epigastric or @entity158 (9 @entity1 ), insufficient stent expansion (4 @entity1 ), and pouch formation at the upper rim of the stent (4 @entity1 ). An uncomplicated follow-up (median 66 days, range 10-139 days) was seen in 12 @entity1 (52%). Major problems in the follow-up period were stent migration in three @entity1 (three coated stents, two stent migrations in one @entity1 ) and stent obstruction by @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth and/or food impaction in eight @entity1 (35%). Most of these problems could be successfully resolved by implantation of a second stent or electrocoagulation of overgrowing @entity5 tissue. By the 1st of March, 1994, three @entity1 were still alive with a follow-up period of 530 days (median range, 336-880 days); 20 @entity1 were decreased with a follow-up period of 70 days (median range, 3-374 days). CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of esophageal Wallstents is safe and has a low risk of acute complications and mortality for the @entity1 . Early complications such as perforation and bleeding did not occur. @entity5 ingrowth/overgrowth are the major reasons for the high reintervention rate in the follow-up period. Coated stents can resolve this problem, provided that stent migration can be avoided by improvement of the coating technology.

title: Coated and uncoated self-expanding metal stents for malignant XXXX in the upper GI tract: preliminary clinical experiences with Wallstents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['retrosternal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2664 in combination with @entity5713 was assessed in 156 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 who had been treated previously with one or multiple chemotherapeutic regimens. @entity2664 was given by random assignment, either as a 10 mg/m2 single intravenous dose or in five consecutive daily fractions of 2 mg  2. @entity5713 was given as a continuous intravenous infusion of 1.2 mg/m2 daily for 5 days. In 115 evaluable @entity1 previously treated with @entity632 , 21 objective responses (18%) and 11 minor responses (10%) were observed with similar distribution in the two treatment groups. Median time to progression was 27 weeks and 23 weeks, respectively. Eight (32%) of 25 @entity1 who had not received @entity632 achieved objective remissions and two (8%) had minor responses. @entity137 effects were similar for the two treatment schedules. Major @entity137 were myelosuppression and @entity221 . Other @entity137 were mild. @entity1370 , presumably caused by @entity2664 , occurred in four @entity1 . The combination of @entity2664 and @entity5713 appeared to offer no advantage over single-agent therapy, probably because of the dosage reduction required by the overlapping myelosuppressive @entity137 .

title: Chemotherapy with @entity2664 in combination with continuous infusion @entity5713 for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxic', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone', 'Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine', 'Vinblastine']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Clinical, roentgenographic and pathologic findings in @entity1 with @entity9757 , including 19 additional cases, have been reviewed and summarized. Most @entity1 present with subacute respiratory and constitutional symptoms and have failed to respond to therapy for presumptive @entity55 . A previous history of atopy, most often @entity565 , will be obtained in one-half. @entity1712 occurs in most cases and its absence may be the major indication for lung biopsy. Although @entity358 are more often peripheral than not, the classic "photographic negative of @entity3126 " is seen in less than one-third of cases. Pathologic findings include an intra-alveolar and interstitial infiltrate which comprises eosinophils, histiocytes, and exudate. @entity4154 and eosinophilic microabscesses occur less frequently. Open-lung biopsy is preferable when atypical features prevent a confident clinical diagnosis. The exquisite responsiveness of @entity12563 to corticosteroids should encourage use of a therapeutic trial when there is a strong clinical suspicion of the disorder. The rapid clinical response should not deter the clinician from giving a prolonged course of treatment. The differential diagnosis includes other diseases characterized by PIE and the more recently recognized @entity4154 and @entity3616 , a disorder which is also marked by @entity358 .

title: XXXX . A report of 19 cases and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['Eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral pulmonary infiltrates', 'pulmonary infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis obliterans', 'bronchiolitis obliterans']

answer: @entity9757 :: (MESH:C535590,Disease) :: ['Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']


abstract: @entity958 has been a favorite model system for plant biologist. It is anticipated that comparative analysis of this plant with other members of Brassicaceae may aid in identification of orthologs playing role as key genetic determinants for salinity response. In this endeavor, we have recently identified SOS family members from @entity13344 in our laboratory and reported their salinity responsive transcriptional induction in seedlings of various diploid and amphidiploids species. In the present study, we have carried out detailed time kinetics for BjSOS3 expression in a salinity tolerant @entity13344 . CS52. Transcript analysis at the sensitive growth stages of plants viz. seedling and reproductive stage indicated clear differential transcriptional regulation of BjSOS3 under non-induced as well as salinity induced conditions in a time and organ specific manner, mirroring their respective tolerance physiology. Similar to its ortholog from @entity958 , the modeled BjSOS3 protein show typical features of a @entity141 binding protein with four conserved EF-hands. We have also attempted to study the binding of @entity30431 protein with the modeled @entity26911 protein. It has been established that @entity30431 protein senses @entity141 though the binding is very weak; we show the down regulation of BjSOS3 mRNA in presence of @entity460 chelator - EGTA under the various stress conditions including ABA. In situ localization of BjSOS3-GFP fusion protein in onion peel has shown its presence strongly in plasma membrane as well as cytosol. The leads presented in the paper will assist in understanding and establishing the SOS signaling machinery in @entity13344 .

title: Analysis of a salinity induced BjSOS3 protein from Brassica indicate it to be structurally and functionally related to its ortholog from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['B.  juncea', 'Brassica juncea', 'B.  juncea var']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate hemostatic variables in @entity1 according to different body mass index (BMI) values, and then correlate them with some metabolic parameters - fasting insulin and @entity413 , total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity165 and @entity1674 . Eighty-four female @entity1 aged 18-39 years were recruited, and agreed to participate in the study. The study group was divided into three subgroups according to BMI: low BMI (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; n = 43), normal-weight (control) (BMI 18.5-24.99 kg/m2; n = 21) and overweight/ @entity28 (BMI > 25 kg/m2; n = 20). BMI was calculated, and the following measurements were taken: International Normalized Ratio, antithrombin III, @entity3479 ) activity, @entity3479 -antigen, plasma fibrinogen level, factor VII, Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 activity and antigen and metabolic parameters: fasting insulin and @entity413 , total @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 . The results were statistically analyzed. In the low BMI group, a negative correlation between fasting insulin and @entity2289 activity, and a positive correlation between fasting @entity413 and @entity2289 antigen were observed. Also, a strong negative correlation between @entity2289 activity and insulin/ @entity413 index was found. Plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in the low-BMI @entity1 than in the overweight/ @entity28 group (p < 0.001) and with no difference compared to the control group. We did not find any difference in fasting @entity413 level between all groups. HDL- @entity165 showed the highest levels in the normal BMI group and was significantly higher than in the low BMI and @entity28 groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). @entity2289 activity in the low BMI @entity1 revealed @entity2915 in comparison to control and overweight/ @entity28 @entity1 (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). Lower antigen levels were also shown as compared to both these groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). Similar results were obtained with @entity3479 antigen levels (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). There were no differences in activity of @entity3479 in all groups. Obese @entity1 showed significantly higher fibrinogen levels than other BMI groups (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 respectively). Analysis of hemostatic variables in @entity1 with a low BMI testify to the impaired fibrinolysis in this group, also showing a strong correlation with @entity1735 metabolism.

title: Hemostatic variables, @entity1735 metabolism and lipid profile in XXXX with low body mass index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased activity']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA', 't-PA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64 ( @entity64 ), @entity932 and @entity49 can occur as an early and late complication of @entity5 in the clinical course. @entity5 @entity1 are at increased risk for @entity64 from direct and indirect effects of their malignancy. AIMS: The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity5 and the long-term outcome, mortality and the presence of @entity548 in @entity1 with acute @entity64 treated with i.v. thrombolysis. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the demographic and clinical data of 495 Caucasian @entity1 with acute @entity64 and 40 @entity1 with @entity64 and concomitant @entity5 who were consecutively treated from 2006 to 2013 in two experienced @entity64 centres. RESULTS: In analysed group, there were 7.8% of @entity1 with @entity5 [50.0% male, mean age 72.3      9.3; National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale - 13 (range 9.5-17)]. @entity5 was diagnosed before i.v.-thrombolysis in 28 (70.0%) @entity1 . After 3  months of follow up, 60% of @entity1 were independent (mRS 0-2) compared with the group of @entity1 without @entity5 - 55% (p  =  0.54), 17.5% died (18.4%; p  =  0.89), 12.4% suffered @entity548 ( @entity548 ) (17.6%; p  =  0.41) and 2.5% experienced SICH (4.4%; p  =  0.56, respectively). Other clinical complications were not found. A multivariate analysis showed no impact of @entity5 on unfavourable outcomes [modified Rankin scale 3-6)] after 3 months (p  =  0.15). CONCLUSION: Intravenous thrombolysis performed in Caucasian @entity64 @entity1 with past or current @entity5 , but not in the course of chemo- and radiotherapy, can be a safe and effective method of treatment. In making decision on the thrombolytic treatment, the risk of @entity548 complications and the life expectancy should be assessed.

title: Safety of intravenous thrombolysis for acute @entity64 including concomitant XXXX sufferers - experience from Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'stroke', 'Stroke', 'Ischaemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'haemorrhagic complications', 'bleeding', 'haemorrhagic transformation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic diseases', 'neoplastic disease', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplastic disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Venous Leg Ulceration (VLU) is a chronic condition for which healthcare systems worldwide face rising treatment costs. VLU can be due to @entity101 which causes the veins to become cuffed with fibrin, inhibiting the supply of nutrients to the wound site. For @entity1 that cannot tolerate compression therapy with an inelastic short stretch (SS) bandage, the mainstay treatment, an elastic three layered (3L) bandage is an alternative. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to investigate whether the healing of @entity3179 under SS and 3L bandages occurs at different rates and to postulate the reason for any difference. The two treatments were applied to a simplified wound geometry, under the assumption that the rate limiting step of healing is the supply of @entity26 to the wounded tissue. Clinical data of wound size over time under the two treatments from Weller et al. (2012) was used to fit key, unknown, model parameters using a least squares approach. Numerical results are presented for the @entity26 distribution within the wound space, using the fitted parameter values. The 3L bandage allows more @entity26 flow into the wound than the SS bandage and, hence, the 3L bandage results in faster healing, however the difference is more significant for wounds of larger initial size. The model can be used as a predictive tool in a clinical setting to estimate the time to heal for a wound of a given initial size, treated with either a SS or 3L bandage.

title: Healing of XXXX using compression therapy: Predictions of a mathematical model.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['sustained venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with chronic severe @entity565 (CSA) have a crippling disease and current available treatments are not satisfactory. Thus, management of CSA remains a major unmet need. Although the evidence from existing randomized controlled trials fails to support a definite role for immunomodulatory drugs in these @entity1 due to major methodologic drawbacks, findings with low-dose @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) are encouraging. However, larger and well-designed clinical trials are required to establish the beneficial role of @entity1500 in CSA, and for the detection of the key characteristics of those who are going to respond to this drug.Methods/design: @entity1 will be recruited from the accessible @entity748 @entity1 lists of tertiary referral centers. All @entity1 will meet the stringent diagnostic criteria for CSA, including the requirement for the regular use of Global Initiative for @entity565 (GINA) Global Strategy for @entity565 Management and Prevention Step 5 medications (oral @entity229 and/or omalizumab). The experimental design of the proposed study will take the form of a double-blind parallel-randomized placebo-controlled trial consisting of a @entity348 , including run-in and run-out periods. @entity1 will be randomly allocated to receive either @entity1500 or a matched placebo once a week as an add-on therapy to their existing medication after run-in. Physiological, laboratory and clinical assessments will be measured regularly throughout the study and compared with baseline assessments. DISCUSSION: We expect that @entity1500 will reduce Step 5 medications dosage in @entity1 with CSA without compromising the overall disease control. Improvement in several indicators of @entity565 severity and control will be also investigated.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02124226 (assigned 25 April 2014).

title: Weekly low-dose @entity1499 for reduction of Global Initiative for @entity565 Step 5 treatment in severe refractory XXXX : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['total of eight visits']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to compare the single-isocenter, four-field hybrid IMRT with the two-isocenter techniques to treat the whole breast and supraclavicular fields and to investigate the intrafraction motions in both techniques in the superior direction. Fifteen @entity0 @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy and adjuvant radiation to the whole breast and supraclavicular ( @entity6723 ) fossa at our institution were selected for this study. Two planning techniques were compared for the treatment of the breast and @entity6723 lymph nodes. The @entity1 were divided into three subgroups according to the whole breast volume. For the two-isocenter technique, conventional wedged or @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) were used to match with the same anterior field for the @entity6723 region. For the single-isocenter technique, four-field hybrid IMRT was used for the tangent fields matched with a half blocked anterior field for the @entity6723 region. To simulate the intrafraction uncertainties in the longitudinal direction for both techniques, the treatment isocenters were shifted by 1 mm and 2 mm in the superior direction. The average breast clinical @entity5 volume (CTV) receiving 100% (V100%) of the prescription dose (50 Gy) was 99.3%    0.5% and 96.4%    1.2% for the for two-isocenter and single-isocenter plans (   < 0.05), respectively. The breast CTV receiving 95% of the prescription dose (V95%) was close to 100% in both techniques. The average breast CTV receiving 105% (V105%) of the prescription dose was 32.4%    19.3% and 23.8%    13.3% (   = 0.08). The percentage volume of the breast CTV receiving 110% of the dose was 0.4%    1.2% in the two-isocentric technique vs. 0.1%    0.2% in the single-isocentric technique. The average uniformity index was 0.91    0.02 vs. 0.91    0.01 in both techniques (p = 0.04), but had no clinical impact. The percentage volume of the contralateral breast receiving a dose of 1 Gy was less than 2.3% in small breast @entity1 and insignificant for medium and large breast sizes. The percentage of the total lung volume receiving > 20 Gy (V20Gy) and the heart receiving > 30 Gy (V30Gy) were 13.6% vs. 14.3% (   = 0.03) and 1.25% vs. 1.2% (   = 0.62), respectively. Shifting the treatment isocenter by 1 mm and 2 mm superiorly showed that the average maximum dose to 1 cc of the breast volume was 55.5    1.8 Gy and 58.6    4.3 Gy in the two-isocentric technique vs. 56.4    2.1 Gy and 59.1    5.1 Gy in the single-isocentric technique (   = 0.46, 0.87), respectively. The single-isocenter technique using four-field hybrid IMRT approach resulted in comparable plan quality as the two-isocentric technique. The single-isocenter technique is more sensitive to intra-fraction motion in the superior direction compared to the two-isocentric technique. The advantages of the single-isocenter include elimination of @entity2246 due to couch and collimator rotations and reduction in treatment time. This study supports consideration of a single-isocenter four-field hybrid IMRT technique for @entity1 undergoing breast and supraclavicular nodal irradiation.

title: Single-isocenter hybrid IMRT plans versus two-isocenter conventional plans and impact of intrafraction motion for the treatment of XXXX with supraclavicular lymph nodes involvement.

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['field-within-a-field tangents', 'FIF']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['isocentric errors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We report on an elderly @entity1 with a @entity706 forming a huge mass in the heart. An 82-year-old @entity1 became aware of general fatigue and a cough in August 1999. Her right supraclavicular, bilateral axillary, and right inguinal lymph nodes were swollen. A hypodermical mass in the right frontal chest was detected. Her left axillary lymph node was biopsied. She was diagnosed as having @entity1893 , diffuse large cell type, B-cell type. Computed tomography scans showed a markedly thickened right ventricular wall of the heart, swollen lymph nodes of the mediastinum, bilateral @entity1143 , and a @entity5 in the spleen. @entity706 cells were found in the @entity1143 , and the @entity706 was diagnosed as clinical stage IV. @entity1887 of the heart, ejection fraction (EF) 49%, was demonstrated with transthoracic echocardiography. EF increased to 70% after 3 courses of chemotherapy with @entity3726 regimen. All @entity75 disappeared after 6 courses of chemotherapy were completed. After consolidative radiotherapy with a total dose of 37 Gy to the mediastinum and heart, bilateral @entity1143 , elevation of the @entity1 's @entity880 dehydrogenase level and soluble @entity1199 receptor value were recognized, which suggested relapse of the @entity706 , although histopathological confirmation could not be realized.

title: [An elderly @entity1893 XXXX with a massive @entity5 of the heart].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'Lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lesions']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['Hypofunction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: The @entity23819 intermedius Group includes @entity2868 , @entity23819 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2868 (n=15), @entity23819 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 was higher for @entity2868 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity23819 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2868 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity23819 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2868 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity23819 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity23819 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2868 . MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2868 Group.

title: Identification of @entity23819 intermedius Group by MALDI- XXXX @entity15 .

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity215 :: (MESH:D013771,Disease) :: ['TOF']


abstract: Nonpharmacologic conservative treatments receive too little attention. Depending on the clinical condition of the @entity1 , they may be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies. Their target is the single @entity410 rather than the @entity302 as such. They belong mainly to one of three domains. NONSPECIFIC PREVENTION OF SEIZURES: The first step is the identification of factors facilitating the occurrence of @entity410 . In the second step, strategies to control these factors are developed. Most common are disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle, especially @entity25 . @entity1 should follow a regular sleep schedule with deviations of not >2 h. Sometimes a sleep calendar is helpful. Night shifts are not compatible with @entity410 prevention in these cases. Sleep disturbances as a facilitating factor of @entity410 are particularly common in juvenile @entity3762 , in which their avoidance is in many cases an indispensable part of the therapeutic regimen, along with appropriate drug treatment. They are the most common precipitating factor in adolescents and adults with a first @entity302 [mostly generalized tonic-clonic (GTC)] @entity410 . In these instances, their avoidance is central to the secondary prevention of @entity302 developing from the single @entity410 , whereas the prescription of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) is rarely effective. Other nonspecific facilitators of @entity410 include uncontrolled use of @entity167 and extraordinary stress. @entity1 must learn how to cope with stressful events. SPECIFIC PREVENTION OF SEIZURES: In @entity5516 , specific precipitants of @entity410 are the targets of interventions. Thus, most @entity1 with primary @entity5516 begin to have, with prolonged reading, perioral @entity5516 , which enable them to stop reading and thus to avoid a GTC @entity410 . In photosensitive @entity1 , @entity410 are often precipitated by television. These can be avoided by viewing from a distance and using a remote control, small screens in a well-lit room, and preferably with a 100-Hz line shift. Environmental flicker stimulation often comes unexpectedly, and it is advisable that the @entity1 always wear sunglasses in brightly lighted surroundings. Polarized glasses seem to be more protective than plain sunglasses. If the @entity1 has only photically induced @entity410 , treatment by specific prevention alone may be sufficient, but if spontaneous @entity410 also occur, drugs must be given in addition. ARREST OF SEIZURES: Focal @entity410 that develop sufficiently slowly to leave the @entity1 time to react may be interrupted by "countermeasures." These, again, may be nonspecific (acting by relaxation, concentration, or a combination of both) or specific. The latter are individually tailored, based either on spontaneous experiences of the @entity1 or on the anatomy of ictogenesis. @entity410 propagation is blocked when a major part of the neurons involved is activated and not recruitable for spread of the @entity302 discharge. @entity410 arrest rarely is used alone but usually in combination with partially successful pharmacotherapy.

title: The role of nonpharmaceutic conservative interventions in the treatment and secondary prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['reading epilepsy', 'reflex epilepsies', 'reflex myoclonias']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic condition']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic generalized epilepsies']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['AEDs', 'antiepileptic drugs']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of sleep']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Set-shifting inefficiencies have been consistently identified in adults with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ). It is less clear to what degree similar inefficiencies are present in those with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ). It is also unknown whether perfectionism is related to set-shifting performance. We employed a commonly used set-shifting measure, the @entity2205 Making Test (TMT), to compare the performance of inpatients with @entity1278 and @entity1279 with a healthy control sample. We also investigated whether perfectionism predicted TMT scores. Only the @entity1279 sample showed significantly suboptimal performance, while the @entity1278 sample was indistinguishable from controls on all measures. There were no differences between the @entity1278 subtypes (restrictive or binge/purge), but group sizes were small. Higher personal standards perfectionism was associated with better TMT scores across groups. Higher concern over mistakes perfectionism predicted better accuracy in the @entity1279 sample. Further research into the set-shifting profile of individuals with @entity1279 or binge/purge behaviours is needed. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

title: @entity2205 Making Task Performance in Inpatients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa']


abstract: The protooncogene c-jun is highly expressed for long periods in axotomized PNS neurons. This may be related to their growth and regeneration. In contrast, axotomized CNS neurons show only a small and transient upregulation of c-jun. It has been suggested that there may be a correlation between this failure to maintain high levels of c-jun expression after axotomy and abortive CNS axonal regeneration. We have studied, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the c-jun response after stab wound lesion, and after peripheral nerve grafting in the thalamus and cerebellum of the adult @entity35 . A lesion elicits upregulation of c-jun in thalamic neurons ipsilateral to the lesion. This is most evident and prolonged in neurons such as those of the thalamic reticular nucleus, which have an established propensity to regenerate. After peripheral nerve grafting, the c-jun response in thalamic neurons is enhanced, mostly in neurons which have axons regenerating along the grafts. These neurons also upregulate @entity9270 ( @entity9270 ). By comparison, injured Purkinje cells of the cerebellum which do not regenerate their axons along a graft, do not upregulate either c-jun or @entity9270 , although they increase their expression of @entity11451 . Thus CNS neurons able to regenerate their axons along a peripheral nerve graft are those in which c-jun is induced after injury, and c-jun may play a critical role in the control of gene programs for axonal regeneration. Moreover, the observed differences in the ability of CNS neurons to regenerate their axons may relate to a difference in their intrinsic molecular response to axotomy.

title: Axonal injury and peripheral nerve grafting in the thalamus and cerebellum of the adult XXXX : upregulation of c-jun and correlation with regenerative potential.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of @entity561 on bone density and @entity174 in postmenopausal @entity1 . DATA SOURCE: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Current Contents, and the Cochrane Controlled trials registry from 1980 to 1999, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings. STUDY SELECTION: We included 11 trials that randomized @entity1 to @entity561 or placebo and measured bone density for at least 1 yr. DATA EXTRACTION: For each trial, three independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality and abstracted data. DATA SYNTHESIS: The pooled relative risk (RR) for @entity174 in @entity1 given 5 mg or more of @entity561 was 0.52 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.43-0.65]. The RR of @entity174 in @entity1 given 10 mg or more of @entity561 was 0.51 (95% CI 0.38-0.69), an appreciably greater effect than for the 5 mg dose. We found a similar reduction in RR across nonvertebral fracture types; in particular, RR reductions for @entity174 traditionally thought to be " @entity3604 ," such as hip and forearm, were very similar to RR reductions for "nonosteoporotic" @entity174 . Individual studies showed similar results, reflected in the P values of the test of heterogeneity (P = 0.99 for vertebral and 0.88 for @entity174 ). @entity561 produced positive effects on the percentage change in bone density, which increased with both dose and time. After 3 yr of treatment with 10 mg of @entity561 or more, the pooled estimate of the difference in percentage change between @entity561 and placebo was 7.48% (95% CI 6.12-8.85) for the lumbar spine (2-3 yr), 5.60% (95% CI 4.80-6.39) for the hip (3-4 yr), 2.08% (95% CI 1.53-2.63) for the forearm (2-4 yr), and 2.73% (95% CI 2.27-3.20) for the total body (3 yr). Heterogeneity of the treatment effect of @entity561 was not consistently explained by any of our a priori hypotheses; in particular, the effect was very similar in prevention and treatment studies. The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to adverse effects for 5 mg or greater of @entity561 was 1.15 (95% CI 0.93-1.42). The pooled RR for discontinuing medication due to gastro-intestinal (GI) side effects for 5 mg or greater was 1.03 (0.81-1.30, P = 0.83), and the pooled RR for GI adverse effects with continuation of medication was 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07) P = 0.23. CONCLUSIONS: @entity561 increases bone density in both early postmenopausal @entity1 and those with established @entity170 while reducing the rate of @entity174 over 2-3 yr of treatment. Reductions in @entity174 are evident among postmenopausal @entity1 without prevalent @entity174 and have bone mineral density (BMD) levels below the World Health Organization threshold for @entity170 . The impact on @entity174 appears consistent across all fracture types, casting doubt on traditional distinctions between @entity3604 and @entity174 .

title: Meta-analyses of therapies for @entity170 . II. Meta-analysis of XXXX for the treatment of postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'nonvertebral fractures', 'nonosteoporotic fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity561 :: ('MESH:D019386', 'Chemical') :: ['alendronate', 'Alendronate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity561 :: (MESH:D019386,Chemical) :: ['alendronate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Prosthetic reinforcement is a critical component of @entity547 repair. For massive defects, mesh overlap is often limited by the dimensions of commercially available implants. In scenarios where larger mesh prosthetics are required for adequate reinforcement, it may be necessary to join several pieces of mesh together using non-absorbable suture. Here, we report our outcomes for abdominal wall reconstructions in which "quilted" mesh was utilized for fascial reinforcement. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing open incisional @entity2483 and transversus abdominis muscle release, with use of quilted synthetic mesh placed in the retromuscular position, were reviewed. Main outcome measures included @entity1 , @entity547 , and operative characteristics and post-operative outcomes, including surgical site occurrence (SSO), @entity281 ( @entity281 ), and recurrence. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity1 (mean age 55.7      9.3, BMI 38.3      5.8  kg/m(2)) underwent open @entity4037 repair with "quilted" mesh placed in the retromuscular position. The mean defect area was 760.1      311.0 cm(2) with a mean width of 24.7      6.4  cm. Quilted meshes consisted of two-piece (69  %), three-piece (19  %) and four-piece (12  %) configurations. Wound morbidity consisted of eight (25  %) SSOs, including four (13  %) SSIs, all of which resolved without mesh excision. With mean follow-up of 9.0      13.6  months, there were two (6.3  %) lateral recurrences, both unassociated with mesh-to-mesh suture line failure. CONCLUSIONS: Massive @entity4037 that require giant mesh prosthetics, currently not commercially available, may be successfully repaired using multiple mesh pieces sewn together in a quilt-like fashion. Such retromuscular repairs are durable, without added morbidity due to the mesh-to-mesh suture line. However, additional operative time is required for quilting the mesh together, prompting strong calls for manufacturing of larger mesh prosthetics.

title: Repair of massive XXXX with "quilted" mesh.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['surgical site infection', 'SSI']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['hernia repair utilizing posterior component separation']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['ventral hernia', 'ventral hernias']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernias']


abstract: RATIONALE: Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) reduce pressure-overload-induced @entity1002 , but their effects on right ventricular (RV) adaptation to pressure overload are unknown. OBJECTIVES: Determine the effect of the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors @entity3996 ( @entity10319 ) and @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) on RV function and remodeling after pulmonary artery banding (PAB) in @entity35 . METHODS: Chronic progressive RV pressure-overload was induced in @entity35 by PAB. After establishment of adaptive @entity8158 4 weeks after surgery, @entity35 were treated for 2 weeks with vehicle, @entity10319 , or @entity2052 . RV function and remodeling were determined using echocardiography, invasive hemodynamic measurements, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analyses after 2 weeks of HDAC inhibition. The effects of @entity10319 were determined on the expression of proangiogenic and prohypertrophic genes in @entity1 myocardial fibroblasts and microvascular endothelial cells. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity10319 treatment did not prevent the development of @entity8158 and was associated with @entity67 , capillary rarefaction, @entity82 , and increased rates of myocardial cell death. Similar results were obtained with the structurally unrelated HDAC inhibitor @entity2052 . With @entity10319 treatment, a reduction was found in expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity34313 , which proteins are involved in vascular adaptation to pressure-overload. @entity10319 dose-dependently suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and @entity34313 expression in cultured myocardial endothelial cells, which effects were mimicked by selective gene silencing of several class I and II HDACs. CONCLUSIONS: HDAC inhibition is associated with @entity409 and worsened remodeling of the pressure-overloaded RV. The detrimental effects of HDAC inhibition on the pressure-overloaded RV may come about via antiangiogenic or proapoptotic effects.

title: Suppression of histone deacetylases worsens right XXXX after pulmonary artery banding in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['RV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3996 :: ('MESH:C012589', 'Chemical') :: ['trichostatin A']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: Both @entity4878 and the @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) inhibit expression of the differentiated phenotype by @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture, as judged by morphological changes and decreased sulfation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). However, the inhibition of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity865 -treated cells is restored by parathyroid hormone ( @entity44225 ), while the inhibition by @entity4878 is not [Takigawa et al. (1982) Mol. Cell. Biochem. 42, 145-153; Takigawa et al. (1983) Cell Differ. 13, 283-291]. In the present study, we examined the difference between @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and @entity1968 -treated chondrocytes to determine the mechanism of the restoration of the differentiated phenotype in de-differentiated cells treated with @entity865 . @entity44225 increased the activity of @entity7222 decarboxylase [ODC; EC 4.1.1.17], a rate limiting enzyme of @entity4664 biosynthesis, and proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocytes pretreated with @entity865 as well as in normal chondrocytes. The maximal stimulations of ODC activity and GAG synthesis were observed 4 h and 24-36 h, respectively, after addition of @entity44225 . The dose-response curve for ODC induction by @entity44225 was parallel to that of @entity44225 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis both in @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and in normal chondrocytes. @entity44225 also increased the intracellular @entity1919 level after 2 min in @entity865 -treated cells as in normal cells. Addition of @entity5393 ( @entity5393 ) induced ODC and restored proteoglycan synthesis in @entity865 -treated cells. The dose-response curve for induction of ODC by @entity5393 was parallel to that of @entity5393 -stimulated proteoglycan synthesis in both @entity865 -treated chondrocytes and normal chondrocytes. On the other hand, the increases by @entity44225 in the intracellular @entity1919 level, ODC activity, and proteoglycan synthesis were inhibited in chondrocytes pretreated with a combination of @entity865 and @entity1968 as well as in those pretreated with @entity1968 alone. @entity865 stimulated the syntheses of DNA and RNA in chondrocytes but did not increase the @entity1919 level or ODC activity. @entity44225 and @entity5393 inhibited the syntheses of DNA and RNA both in @entity865 -treated cells and in normal cells. These results suggest that ODC induction mediated by elevation of @entity1919 plays an important role in re-differentiation of de-differentiated cells pretreated with these agents.

title: Comparison of inhibition by a @entity5 promoter ( XXXX ) of expression of the differentiated phenotype of chondrocytes in @entity95 costal chondrocytes in culture with inhibition by @entity1968 .

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity5393 :: ('MESH:D003994', 'Chemical') :: ['DBcAMP', 'dibutyryl cyclic AMP']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']