abstract: BACKGROUND: The advantages of treating morbidly @entity28 @entity1 via the laparoscopic approach have been demonstrated, in particular, for adjustable @entity1346 gastric banding, but this operation is associated with a high rate of late complications. Gastric bypass and malabsorbitive procedures are feasible via the laparoscopic approach, but they entail a prolonged operating time and a consistently high morbidity rate. Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty represents an effective alternative. METHODS: We performed 250 consecutive LVBG between November 1995 and February 2000. The procedure consisted of a personal technique designed to reproduce, by laparoscopy, MacLean's modification of the standard open Mason vertical-banded gastroplasty, with a calibrated transgastric window, a complete division between the staple lines, and a 5-cm-circumference @entity7502 collar. RESULTS: The operative time was 95 min and the conversion rate was 0.8%. Operative mortality was nil; early and late complications, respectively, were 4.4% and 4%; the reoperation rate was 2%. Global results at 4 years were as follows: excess @entity353 (EWL) 61%, success rate (excess weight <50%) 76.9%, body mass index (BMI) 29.4 kg/m2. In morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , the EWL at 4 years was 62.2%, with a 77.4% success rate and a 28.4 kg/m2 BMI; in superobese @entity1 , the EWL at 4 years was 54.9% with a 50% success rate and a 35.5 kg/m2 BMI. The overall follow-up rate was 92%. CONCLUSIONS: LVBG is an effective and safe operation in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 , providing good @entity353 with a low morbidity rate, no mortality, and minimum discomfort. However, in superobese @entity1 , the @entity353 results are disappointing; in these @entity1 , LVBG is questionable and more complex procedures should be considered.

title: Laparoscopic vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid XXXX . Assessment of efficacy.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1457 proteins (Hsps) are involved in a variety of critical biological functions, including protein folding, degradation, and translocation and macromolecule assembly, act as molecular chaperones during periods of stress by binding to other proteins. Using expressed sequence tag (EST) and @entity12638 ( @entity12638 ) transcriptome databases, we identified 27 cDNA sequences encoding the conserved J domain, which is found in DnaJ-type Hsps. Of the 27 J domain-containing sequences, 25 were complete cDNA sequences. We divided them into three types according to the number and presence of conserved domains. By analyzing the gene structures, intron numbers, and conserved domains and constructing a phylogenetic tree, we found that the DnaJ family had undergone convergent evolution, obtaining new domains to expand the diversity of its family members. The acquisition of the new DnaJ domains most likely occurred prior to the evolutionary divergence of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The expression of DnaJ genes in the @entity12638 was generally higher in the fat body. The tissue distribution of @entity71570 proteins was detected by western blotting, demonstrating that in the fifth-instar larvae, the @entity71570 proteins were expressed at their highest levels in hemocytes, followed by the fat body and head. We also found that the @entity71570 transcripts were likely differentially translated in different tissues. Using immunofluorescence cytochemistry, we revealed that in the blood cells, @entity71570 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm.

title: Cloning and analysis of DnaJ family members in the XXXX , @entity12638 .

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity12638 :: ('7091', 'Species') :: ['silkworm', 'Bombyx mori']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['silkworm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Review trends in mandible @entity174 management and outcomes in @entity1 treated with and without intraoperative arch bar use. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: All @entity1 with mandible @entity174 between October 1, 2001, and October 1, 2011, were reviewed. Excluded were those with concomitant midfacial @entity174 or inadequate follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 734 @entity1 sustained 1,312 mandible @entity174 . Assault was the most common etiology. The parasymphyseal, subcondylar, and angle regions were most likely fractured. In total, 85% of @entity1 underwent @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). This overall number had no significant annual deviation. However, use of arch bars to achieve intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with @entity1538 decreased annually, whereas the use of manual reduction with @entity1538 increased annually. These trends held statistical significance. Outcomes were reviewed in @entity1 with one or two nonsubcondylar @entity174 by assessing complications of @entity3232 , @entity281 , and malunion. In 228 @entity1 meeting criteria, the incidence of complications was 12.9% in those treated using intraoperative arch bars with @entity1538 and 12.5% in those using manual reduction with @entity1538 . When assessing individual complications, there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a shifting trend in mandible @entity174 management. Our techniques for achieving @entity174 reduction ideal for @entity1538 favors manual reduction over the use of arch bars in select cases. We found no statistical increase in the incidence of complications when using manual reduction with @entity1538 in @entity1 with one and two nonsubcondylar @entity174 . In appropriately selected cases, manual stabilization of fractured segments is an alternative to using arch bars to achieve intraoperative MMF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Decade review of mandible XXXX and arch bar impact on outcomes of nonsubcondylar @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['ORIF', 'open-reduction internal-fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested whether the CardioClasp, a passive non-blood-contacting device could decrease excessive geometric burden in @entity384 and improve left ventricular systolic function and contractility by reshaping the left ventricle (LV) and by decreasing @entity5707 ( @entity5707 ) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. METHODS: In mongrel @entity235 (n = 6, the early group; n = 6, the chronic group; 25-27 kg), 4 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (210 to 240 bpm) induced @entity384 with @entity712 . In the early group, we used hemodynamic data and echocardiography to evaluate LV systolic function immediately after placing the CardioClasp device. In the chronic group, we also evaluated LV systolic function immediately after placing the device on dilated hearts and then left the device in place for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, before explantation of the device, we again assessed LV systolic function. We measured fractional area of contraction (FAC), @entity5707 , and hemodynamic data in both groups. RESULTS: In the early group, use of the CardioClasp device decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 27.8% +/- 2.6% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 19.4% +/- 2.0% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 22.0% +/- 3.10% at explantation (p < 0.05). Use of the CardioClasp did not alter LV end-diastolic and peak pressure, LV dP/dts, or cardiac output at implantation or at explantation. In the early group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the @entity5707 by 43.4% +/- 3.1% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, @entity5707 decreased by 28.8% +/- 2.1% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 43.3% +/- 5.2% at explantation (p < 0.05). In the early group, FAC increased significantly, by 28.9% +/- 7.8% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, FAC increased significantly, by 18% +/- 12% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 19% +/- 12% at explantation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, use of the CardioClasp device increased FAC and decreased @entity5707 by reshaping the LV. Use of the CardioClasp device maintained cardiac output and arterial pressure. In 30-day experiments, the increased FAC and decreased @entity5707 were maintained at explantation.

title: Early and late results of left ventricular reshaping by passive cardiac-support device in @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['LVWS', 'LV wall stress']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity66 caused by @entity2915 are poorly understood partially because a suitable animal model is not available for their study. In contrast, a @entity74 caused by defective osteoclasts ( @entity1 @entity2525 ) is better understood, largely because of advances made with a @entity19 model of the disease. The avian form of @entity2525 is caused by RNA @entity5 viruses, but the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts is not clear. We have performed a morphometric analysis of osteopetrotic avian bone to provide basic information about changes in the cells of bones from animals developing the disease. @entity1573 embryos were injected at 12 days of incubation with a @entity778 (MAV-2(0)) that induces @entity2525 at a high frequency. Changes in bone volume were detected 14 days after @entity778 injection. By 3 weeks of age, the bone volumes of osteopetrotic chicks were 4.7-fold larger than controls. The mean caliper diameter of an osteoclast was the same in osteopetrotic and normal bone. The number of osteoclasts per tibia increased in osteopetrotic animals, but the density of osteoclasts decreased. The presence of an increased number of osteoclasts of a normal size rules out the possibility that the @entity778 causes @entity2525 by selectively killing osteoclasts. The total bone-nonbone interface increased in @entity2525 , and greater than 90 per cent of interface surface was devoted to bone deposition. These results indicate that avian @entity2525 is an osteoblastic, proliferative @entity79 and may serve as an excellent animal model for @entity1 diseases in which osteoblasts increase in number.

title: A quantitative histologic study of avian osteopetrotic bone demonstrating normal osteoclast numbers and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperostotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of bone']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoblastic activity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostotic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['increased osteoblastic activity']


abstract: @entity23897 of the ovary are rather frequent @entity5 of the ovary. They take one fourth of all benign neoplasms of the ovary and 50-70% of @entity43 . The @entity8637 incidence is in the fifth decade. The @entity5 is bilateral in 12-20% of cases, more frequently in elder @entity1 . The @entity5 appears in cystic, papillary, adenofibromatous and mixed forms. @entity5 are usually unilocular but may be multilocular. The size of the mass varies up to 30 cm, average size is 10 cm. We report on a 62 year old @entity1 in whom a gigantic @entity23897 of the ovary, 29 kg of weight, 55 x 35 x 35 cm. in diameter, was removed. The recovery was uneventful and the @entity1 stayed symptom-free. To our best knowledge this was the largest @entity5 of this kind ever reported.

title: [Giant XXXX of the ovary].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['all serous ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cystic tumours', 'benign tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity23897 :: ('MESH:D062625', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenofibromas', 'Cystadenofibromas']

answer: @entity23897 :: (MESH:D062625,Disease) :: ['cystadenofibroma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although standard enteral nutrition is universally accepted, the use of disease-specific formulas for @entity1602 @entity1 is still controversial. This study examines whether a high-protein @entity6 -specific formula reduces insulin needs, improves glycemic control and reduces ICU-acquired @entity281 in @entity3124 , @entity1602 @entity1 on mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label, randomized (web-based, blinded) study conducted at nine Spanish ICUs. The @entity1 groups established according to the high-protein formula received were: group A, new-generation @entity6 -specific formula; group B, standard control formula; group C, control @entity6 -specific formula. Inclusion criteria were: expected enteral nutrition >= 5 days, MV, baseline @entity413 >126 mg/dL on admission or >200 mg/dL in the first 48 h. Exclusion criteria were: APACHE II  <=10, @entity177 , treatment with @entity288 , immunosuppressants or lipid-lowering drugs and body mass index >= 40 kg/m(2). The targeted @entity413 level was 110-150 mg/dL. Glycemic variability was calculated as the standard deviation, glycemic lability index and coefficient of variation. Acquired @entity281 were recorded using published consensus criteria for @entity3124 @entity1 . Data analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: Over a 2-year period, 157 @entity1 were consecutively enrolled (A 52, B 53 and C 52). Compared with the standard control formula, the new formula gave rise to lower insulin requirement (19.1        13.1 vs. 23.7        40.1 IU/day, p <0.05), plasma @entity413 (138.6        39.1 vs. 146.1        49.9 mg/dL, p <0.01) and capillary blood @entity413 (146.1        45.8 vs. 155.3        63.6 mg/dL, p <0.001). Compared with the control @entity6 -specific formula, only capillary @entity413 levels were significantly reduced (146.1        45.8 vs. 150.1        41.9, p <0.01). Both specific formulas reduced capillary @entity413 on ICU day 1 (p <0.01), @entity413 variability in the first week (p <0.05), and incidences of ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (p <0.01) or @entity55 (p <0.05) compared with the standard formula. No effects of the nutrition formula were produced on hospital stay or mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In these high-risk ICU @entity1 , both @entity6 lowered insulin requirements, improved glycemic control and reduced the risk of acquired @entity281 relative to the standard formula. Compared with the control-specific formula, the new-generation formula also improved capillary glycemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT1233726 .

title: @entity6 -specific enteral nutrition formula in @entity1602 , mechanically ventilated, XXXX @entity1 : a prospective, open-label, blind-randomized, multicenter study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-specific formulas', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes, renal or hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: Fifty three consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 underwent two-dimensional echocardiography 1-3 days after admission. In order to (1) determine if this procedure can detect regional ventricular asynergy in an unselected series of @entity1 . (2) to determine whether the procedure can identify @entity1 at high risk for @entity1455 , before the onset of hemodynamic deterioration and (3) to identify the inmmediate complications of @entity583 . For purposes of analysis of the present protocol, the ventricles were divided in a system of walls, segments and levels resulting in 22 potential regions. Technically satisfactory two-dimensional echocardiographic studies were obtained in 48 @entity1 (90.56%). Of 1056 possible segments in the 48 @entity1 all were deemed adequate for analysis. Akinesis was detected in 2 segments (0.18%), dyskinesis in 45 segments (4.26%), hypokinesis in 170 (16.09%), @entity2915 15 (1.42%) and normal 824 (78.03%). The more segments damaged were observed by two dimensional echo, the more clinical and hemodinamically compromised status of the @entity1 was assessed. The immediate complications were as follows: Pericardial effusion 20 cases (45.45%), @entity67 14 (31.81%), mural @entity715 (13.63%) @entity121 3 (16.81%) ruptured septum in 1 (2.27%). Thus two-dimensional echocardiography performed soon after admission to the coronary care unit is technically feasible, provides useful information concerning regional and global left ventricular function and offers important predictive information about @entity1 early in @entity583 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Evaluation and identification of the extension of acute XXXX and its complications by bidimensional echocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkinesis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dyskinesis']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity850 is a significant complication of radiotherapy for @entity263 . Our purpose is to report outcomes of urethroplasty for radiation-induced @entity3832 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 underwent urethroplasty for refractory radiation-induced @entity850 from January 2004 to November 2013. @entity1 had a minimum follow-up of 12  months with routine cystoscopy at 6 and 12  months. Primary outcome was urethral patency, and secondary outcomes were 90-day complications, de novo @entity322 , de novo @entity323 and bothersome LUTS. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity1 , 20 and 15 had @entity850 related to external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy, respectively. Mean stricture length was 3.5  cm. Reconstruction was performed using anastomotic urethroplasty in 23 @entity1 (65.7  %), while 12 required tissue transfer as a buccal mucosa graft (20.0  %) or penile island flap (14.3  %). With 50.5  months of follow-up, thirty @entity1 (85.7  %) achieved cystoscopic patency with no significant difference between techniques (p  =  0.32). A 90-day complication rate of 31.4  % was observed (all Clavien 1-2) with no difference between techniques (p  =  1.00). Adverse change in continence occurred in 25.7  % of @entity1 (13.3  % in those without previous TURP). Postoperatively, persisting storage LUTS occurred in 40.0 and 30.4  % described adverse change in erectile function (exclusively in the anastomotic urethroplasty group). CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of radiation-induced @entity850 yields satisfying patency rates. However, radiation-induced @entity3832 is not an isolated problem as many @entity1 suffer from storage symptoms, @entity323 or @entity322 as a consequence of treatment either before or after urethroplasty.

title: Observations and outcomes of urethroplasty for @entity850 after radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['bulbomembranous urethral stenoses', 'urethral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Bulbomembranous stenosis', 'bulbomembranous stenosis', 'stenosis', 'bulbomembranous stenoses']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Explore the long-term life situation for Swedish hemispherotomy @entity1 reporting not only @entity410 outcome but also @entity1 ' perspectives on function, quality of life (QoL) and satisfaction with the surgery. METHODS: This population based study uses prospectively collected data from the Swedish National @entity302 Surgery Register. An independent researcher interviewed @entity1 or parents, using two @entity1 oriented questionnaires. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent hemispherotomy in Sweden after 1995 and had a five- or ten-year follow-up. At the 2-year follow-up 55% (16/29) were @entity410 -free since surgery, and 11/29 (38%) were @entity410 -free at the long term follow up. Twenty-six (90%) participated in this study. Median time to interview was 13.5 years; 9/26 (35%) were @entity410 -free then; 23% were off antiepileptic medication. In those not @entity410 -free, @entity410 were considered mild or moderate; 11% attended mainstream school and 3/12 adults lived independently. Most parents both of @entity410 -free and non @entity410 -free @entity1 reported QoL and general health to be very good/good; 73% were satisfied/very satisfied with the hemispherotomy. CONCLUSION: In this series there were more long-term recurrences than previously reported. This might be related to the lower level of function of this cohort and higher percentage of developmental aetiologies compared to other series. However, most hemispherotomy @entity1 have a good QoL in the long run and feel that the operation was worthwhile, even when it did not stop @entity410 . The majority had persisting impairments. Proxies were not very concerned about @entity410 , indicating that reduction in @entity410 frequency and/or severity may be an important gain with hemispherotomy.

title: A long-term XXXX perspective after hemispherotomy - A population based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 16-slice multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the coronaries and to provide data in a real clinical setting. Previous 16-slice MSCT studies presented data excluding @entity1 with @entity730 , vessels of < 1.5 or 2 mm, and segments with impaired image quality. By including these data for 16-slice MSCT, a direct comparison with new data from 64-slice MSCT is possible. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty two @entity1 with suspected or known @entity453 ( @entity453 ) were prospectively enrolled and underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All vessels were evaluated for the presence of a significant @entity3979 (>50%) using the @entity299 ( @entity299 ) 15-segment model. From the evaluation of 917 segments, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (NPV) (positive predictive value [ @entity2286 ] and NPV) for the presence of relevant @entity3979 were 73, 98, and 71 and 98% per segment and 94, 90, and 91 and 93% per @entity1 , respectively. The influence of age, gender, body surface area (BSA), heart rate (HR), stents, and @entity141 -score value was analyzed. High @entity141 -score values were the only statistically significant predictor for impaired diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, CTA with evaluation of all vessel segments in a broad spectrum of @entity1 allowed accurate and fast noninvasive coronary artery evaluation, including evaluation of stented segments. These data are very similar to those published recently for 64-slice scanners.

title: Diagnostic value of the 16-detector row multislice spiral computed tomography for the detection of XXXX in comparison to invasive coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'American Heart Association']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3979 :: (MESH:D023921,Disease) :: ['coronary artery stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent defects after primary sphincter repair and occult sphincter tears are common after vaginal deliveries. @entity322 may be associated with these morphological defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six primiparous @entity1 were evaluated with ultrasonography, manometry and electrophysiology. Twenty-four @entity1 had undergone primary repair of obstetric sphincter tears (sphincter group), 16 @entity1 had no clinical sphincter tear but developed @entity322 postpartum (symptom group), and six were delivered by elective cesarean section (cesarean group). RESULTS: In the sphincter group, 50% had @entity322 at follow-up. At ultrasonography, 70% had @entity130 anteriorly in the midanal canal. At manometry, 4% had decreased resting pressure and 50% decreased squeeze pressure. At electrophysiology, 19% had pathologic pudendal latency and 25% pathologic fiber density. In the symptom group, 44% had @entity130 anteriorly in the midanal canal at ultrasonography. At manometry, all @entity1 had normal resting pressure and 19% had a decreased squeeze pressure. At electrophysiology, 46% had pathologic pudendal latency and 29% pathologic fiber density. In the cesarean group, 33% had mild @entity322 at follow-up. Ultrasonography and manometry were normal in all @entity1 . At electrophysiology, 33% had pathologic pudendal latency and 17% pathologic fiber density. CONCLUSION: Anal sphincter @entity130 at childbirth are often inadequately diagnosed and primary repair frequently results in persisting defects in the anal sphincter. Anatomic @entity130 to the anal sphincter play an important role in the development of @entity322 after delivery, but a significant proportion of symptomatic @entity1 also demonstrate @entity16 at electrophysiologic testing.

title: Obstetric sphincter tears and XXXX : an observational follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['anal incontinence', 'Anal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['anal incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine more precise and accurate @entity5 risk estimates for @entity1318 that could be used to plan surveillance. DESIGN: Cohort. SETTING: Swedish population. @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity1318 listed in the population-based Swedish Inpatient Register from 1964 through 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The observed number of @entity5 in the cohort was compared with expected numbers of @entity5 (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation, calculated using data from the Swedish @entity5 Registry. RESULTS: A total of 1062 @entity1 with @entity1318 accumulated 9864 years of follow-up. The mean age at entry was 57.2 years, and the mean age at @entity5 diagnosis was 71.0 years. @entity418 occurred in 24 @entity1 . The risk of @entity418 in the first year after @entity1318 diagnosis was extremely high (SIR, 126.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.0 to 226.1) as a consequence of prevalent @entity5 leading to distal esophageal obstruction simulating @entity1318 . During years 1 to 24, the risk was increased more than 16-fold (SIR, 16.6; 95% CI, 8.8 to 28.3). Annual surveillance after the first year would require 406 endoscopic examinations in @entity1 and 2220 in @entity1 to detect one @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1318 are at markedly increased risk of developing @entity418 . A substantial number of surveillance examinations might be required to screen for @entity5 , especially in @entity1 . It is not known whether surveillance will result in improved survival.

title: The risk of @entity418 in XXXX with @entity1318 . A population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal cancer', 'esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Direct evidence to support the airway protective function of aerodigestive reflexes triggered by pharyngeal stimulation was previously demonstrated by abolishing these reflexes by topical pharyngeal anesthesia in normal subjects. Studies have also shown that these reflexes deteriorate in cigarette smokers. Aim of this study was to determine the influence of defective pharyngeal aerodigestive reflexes on airway protection in cigarette smokers. METHODS: Pharyngoglottal Closure reflex; PGCR, Pharyngo-UES Contractile reflex; PUCR, and Reflexive Pharyngeal Swallow; RPS were studied in 15 healthy non-smokers (24.2  3.3 SD y, 7 males) and 15 healthy chronic smokers (27.3  8.1, 7 males). To elicit these reflexes and to evaluate @entity1173 , colored water was perfused into the hypopharynx at the rate of 1 mL/min. Maximum volume of water that can safely dwell in the hypopharynx before spilling into the larynx (Hypopharyngeal Safe Volume; HPSV) and the threshold volume to elicit PGCR, PUCR, and RPS were determined in smokers and results compared with non-smokers. RESULTS: At baseline, RPS was elicited in all non-smokers (100%) and in only 3 of 15 smokers (20%; P<.001). None of the non-smokers showed evidence of @entity7552 of water, whereas 12 of 15 smokers with absent RPS had @entity7552 . Pharyngeal anesthesia abolished RPS reflex in all non-smokers resulting in @entity7552 . The HPSV was 0.61  0.06 mL and 0.76  0.06 mL in non-smokers and smokers respectively (P=.1). CONCLUSIONS: Deteriorated reflexive pharyngeal swallow in chronic cigarette smokers predispose them to risks of @entity1173 and similarly, abolishing this reflex in non-smokers also results in @entity7552 . These observations directly demonstrate the airway protective function of RPS.

title: Protective role of aerodigestive reflexes against XXXX : study on subjects with impaired and preserved reflexes.

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal spillage']

entities_list: @entity1173 :: ('MESH:D053120', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration']

answer: @entity1173 :: (MESH:D053120,Disease) :: ['aspiration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The primary goal of this study was to investigate hepatic @entity844 (FA) metabolism after severe @entity130 . METHODS: Sixteen @entity1707 were divided into control (n = 8) and burn (n = 8, with 40% full thickness total body surface area burned) groups. Catheters were inserted in the right common carotid artery, portal vein, and hepatic vein for blood sampling. Flow probes were placed around the hepatic artery and portal vein for blood flow measurements. Animals were @entity158 medication and sedated until the tracer study on day 4 after burn. The @entity1707 were infused for 4 hours with U-13C16-palmitate in order to quantify hepatic FA kinetics and oxidation. RESULTS: Liver @entity412 (TG) content was elevated from 162 +/- 16 (control) to 297 +/- 28 micromol TG/g dry liver wt. (p < .05). Hepatic FA uptake and oxidation were similar between the 2 groups, as were @entity1285 ( @entity9931 ) levels and activities of @entity6625 carboxylase and @entity860 ( @entity860 )-activated protein kinase. In contrast, incorporation of plasma-free @entity1718 into @entity99 was elevated (p < .05) and very low density lipoprotein TG (VLDL-TG) secretion was decreased from 0.17 +/- 0.02 (control) to 0.03 +/- 0.01 micromol/kg per minute in burned @entity1707 (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The accumulation of @entity99 in burned animals is due to inhibition of VLDL-TG secretion and to @entity99 . @entity1718 are not channeled to TG because of impaired oxidation.

title: Alteration of hepatic @entity844 metabolism after burn injury in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['increased synthesis of hepatic TG', 'hepatic TG']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['Fatty acids', 'fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1285 :: ('MESH:D008316', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyl-coenzyme A']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['given pain']

entities_list: @entity860 :: ('MESH:D000249', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine monophosphate', 'AMP']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['thermal injury']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate if perioperative chest physiotherapy modifies the risk of @entity358 after lobectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: We have reviewed a prospectively recorded database of 784 @entity2 @entity1 treated by scheduled lobectomy (361 operated after implementing a new physiotherapy program). No other changes were introduced in the @entity1 ' perioperative management during the study period. A propensity matching score was generated for all eligible @entity1 and two logistic models were constructed and adjusted. The first one (model A) included age of the @entity1 , forced expiratory volume in 1s (percent) (FEV1%) and predicted postoperative forced expiratory volume in 1s (percent) (ppoFEV1%); for the second model (model B); chest physiotherapy was added to the previous ones. Using each model, @entity1 ' individual probability of postoperative complication was calculated and maintained in the database as a new variable (risk A and risk B). Individual risks calculated by both models were plotted on a time series and presented in two different graphs. RESULTS: Rates of @entity358 were 15.5% before the intensive physiotherapy program and 4.7% for @entity1 included in the implemented program (p = 0.000). The propensity score identified 359 pairs of @entity1 . Model A included age (p = 0.012), FEV1% (p = 0.000), and ppoFEV1% (p = 0.031) as prognostic variables. Model B included age (p = 0.012), FEV1% (p = 0.000), and physiotherapy (p = 0.000). On graphic representation, a great decrease of the estimated risk could be seen after the onset of the physiotherapy program. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a program of perioperative intensive chest physiotherapy reduced the overall @entity358 after lobectomy for @entity2 .

title: Chest physiotherapy revisited: evaluation of its influence on the XXXX after pulmonary resection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary morbidity']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['pulmonary morbidity']


abstract: In order to objectively evaluate the effectiveness, safety and usefulness of the new oral cephem @entity26397 proxetil ( @entity7550 , CPDX-PR) for the treatment of @entity9244 , a double-blind comparative study was undertaken using cefaclor (CCL) as the control drug. CPDX-PR and CCL were administered for 7 days at daily doses of 400 mg (divided into 2 portions) and 750 mg (divided into 3 portions), respectively. A total of 243 @entity1 (118 in the CPDX-PR group and 125 in the CCL group) was treated in this study. The effectiveness, safety and usefulness were evaluated in 222 (106 in the CPDX-PR group and 116 in the CCL group), 234 (113 in the CPDX-PR group and 121 in the CCL group) and in 223 @entity1 (107 in the CPDX-PR group and 116 in the CCL group), respectively. There were no differences in @entity1 ' backgrounds between the 2 groups, except for the presence or the absence of surgical treatments. The results we obtained are summarized below: 1. In the evaluation of clinical efficacy by the subcommittee, excellent, good, fair and poor efficacy were observed in 36, 43, 17 and 10 @entity1 in the CPDX-PR group, respectively; the efficacy rate was, therefore, calculated to be 74.5%. As for the @entity31262 group, respective results were observed in 50, 39, 17 and 10 @entity1 , indicating an efficacy rate of 76.7%. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups. Improvement rates judged by physicians in charge were 80.2% in the CPDX-PR group and 88.8% in the CCL group. Moreover, no significant difference in diseases or severity were found between the 2 groups. 2. As for the bacteriological efficacy, the 2 groups showed high elimination rates, as 90.1% and 91.6% of the disease causing bacteria were eliminated in the CPDX-PR group and in the CCL group, respectively. Elimination rates in single infections with @entity794 were determined to be 85.7% in the CPDX-PR group and 85.0% in the CCL group. 3. Although 6 @entity1 in the CPDX-PR group and 2 @entity1 in the CCL group developed side effects, which were mainly gastrointestinal symptoms, there was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between the 2 groups. Abnormal laboratory values were found in 5 @entity1 in the CPDX-PR group and 1 @entity1 in the CCL group. 4. There was no significant difference in the usefulness between the 2 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Clinical evaluation of @entity26397 proxetil in the treatment of @entity9244 . A double blind comparison of XXXX proxetil and cefaclor].

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity26397 :: ('MESH:C053268', 'Chemical') :: ['cefpodoxime']

entities_list: @entity9244 :: ('MESH:D018461', 'Disease') :: ['skin and soft tissue infections']

answer: @entity26397 :: (MESH:C053268,Chemical) :: ['cefpodoxime']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3161 ( @entity3161 ) is a risk factor for @entity1086 ( @entity1086 ). This study investigated the significance of @entity3161 in @entity1 with @entity1086 . METHODS: Of the 453 @entity1 with @entity1086 underwent surgery at Seoul National University Hospital between 2000 and 2014, the 401 @entity1 who can be assessed for the presence of @entity3161 with radiologic image were analyzed. RESULTS: The 401 @entity1 with @entity1086 included 183 (45.6  %) males and 218 (54.4  %) females. @entity3161 was identified in 69 (17.2  %) @entity1 , 22 (31.9  %) males and 47 (68.1  %) females. @entity2941 ( @entity2941 ) was identified in 18 (4.5  %) @entity1 , all of whom had @entity3161 . Curative surgery was accomplished in 68.1  %. A comparison of @entity1 with and without @entity3161 showed that mean age (59.9 vs. 65.1  years, p  <  0.001) and association with @entity1085 (8.7 vs. 24.7  %, p  =  0.002) were significantly lower in the @entity3161 group, while the proportion of female (68.1 vs. 51.5  %, p  =  0.012), bile duct resection rate (47.8 vs. 18.4  %, p  <  0.001), and curative resection rate (81.1 vs. 65.7  %, p  =  0.003) were significantly higher in the @entity3161 group. Overall 5-year survival rates were similar in the @entity3161 and non- @entity3161 groups (74.4 vs. 69.0  %, p  =  0.533). In @entity1 with @entity3161 , the presence of @entity2941 did not have a significant effect on survival (p  =  0.099). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3161 was found in 17.2  % of @entity1 with @entity1086 . @entity3161 is associated with younger age, female gender, absence of @entity1085 , higher BDR rate, and higher curative resection rate. However, neither @entity3161 nor @entity2941 was prognostic of survival in curatively treated @entity1 with @entity1086 .

title: Clinicopathologic Differences in XXXX with @entity1086 According to the Presence of Anomalous Biliopancreatic Junction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder stones', 'gallbladder stone']

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cyst', 'CC']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['ABPJ', 'Anomalous biliopancreatic junction']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer', 'GBC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity1931 and @entity1286 @entity1337 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity158 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity35 treated with @entity1286 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity3795 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity158 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity1337 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity158 behaviors is critical to translational @entity158 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity3795 -induced @entity1931 and XXXX -induced @entity1337 in @entity35 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: A single, 68,000 m.w. glycoprotein antigen from adult @entity380 was purified by immunoaffinity chromatography with the use of a newly developed, protective, anti-schistosome murine monoclonal antibody. Immunization with two doses of 0.5 microgram or 1 microgram of purified antigen, without adjuvants, afforded a mean 28% reduction in parasite recovery in CF1 @entity19 , and 2-% reduction in parasite BALB/c @entity19 . On immunoblotting, the 68,000 m.w. antigen was common to @entity383 adults and schistosomula, whereas parasite eggs contained only cross-reacting low m.w. antigens of 19,100 and 16,000. Immunization resulted in the development of anti-antigen antibody and enhanced immediate cutaneous @entity56 to the 31-3B6 antigen. By contrast, @entity56 and sensitization to circumoval @entity738 formation were not observed in immunized @entity19 . It was concluded that the 68,000 m.w. 31-3B6 antigen represents a candidate vaccine for adjuvant-free immunization against @entity383 .

title: Isolation and characterization of a protective antigen for adjuvant-free immunization against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis, and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in @entity285 withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and @entity285 withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of @entity1068 withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in @entity285 - @entity4024  ve Withdrawal @entity410 -Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) @entity19 . Animals were administered @entity1239 , @entity5402 , or @entity1339 via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of @entity400 and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and @entity972 -stimulated @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) release in the @entity4778 region of the hippocampus. @entity972 was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hippocampal @entity3451 also was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity410 . RESULTS: Sensitivity to several @entity410 endpoints induced by @entity1239 , @entity5402 , and @entity1339 were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP @entity19 . In microdialysis experiments, the lines did not differ in basal release of @entity3451 , and 50 mM @entity10406 increased @entity3451 output in both lines of @entity19 . However, the increase in release of @entity3451 produced by the first application of @entity10406 was 2-fold higher in WSP versus WSR @entity19 . When hippocampal @entity3451 was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity410 , extracellular @entity3451 was significantly elevated (192%) in WSP @entity19 , but was nonsignificantly elevated (59%) in WSR @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic @entity410 may be associated with @entity1068 withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in @entity285 withdrawal. Specifically, WSP @entity19 may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic @entity410 compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons.

title: The relationship between hippocampal @entity934 release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal @entity410 -prone and withdrawal XXXX -resistant selected @entity19 lines.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsants', 'Seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium', 'potassium']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To propose terminology to distinguish cycles from episodes in @entity1 and adults with @entity162 ( @entity162 ). METHODS: To examine current definitions of rapid cycling and episodes in both @entity1 and adult @entity162 , an Internet search of the MEDLINE database was conducted. RESULTS: Investigations of rapid cycling in adults used the terms cycle and episode interchangeably to describe discrete periods of @entity1316 . Two studies of @entity1 and one study of adults with @entity162 , however, reported cycles occurring daily (ultradian cycling) or every few days (ultrarapid cycling). Without definitions to differentiate cycles from episodes, determining the overall duration of illness in subjects who experience ultrarapid or ultradian cycling is not possible. For example, a @entity1 cycled twice a day, every day, for 365 days (1 year). With the terminology currently in use, it is unclear whether this should be described as a single episode that had a duration of 365 days or as approximately 730 episodes (2 cycles per day x 365 days), each less than 24 hours in duration. Moreover, adults with @entity162 may have more intermittent pathology than @entity1 (e.g., adults may cycle 4 days per week, versus @entity1 may cycle 7 days per week). CONCLUSION: The following definitions are proposed. (1) Episodes will be defined by (a) the duration from onset to offset of a period of at least 2 weeks in length during which only one mood state persists or (b) the duration from onset to offset of a period of ultrarapid or ultradian cycling for at least 2 weeks. (2) Cycles will be defined by mood switches occurring daily or every few days during an episode. Further research will be needed to elucidate potential differences between @entity1 and adult cycling patterns.

title: Definitions of rapid, ultrarapid, and ultradian cycling and of episode duration in pediatric and adult XXXX : a proposal to distinguish episodes from cycles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BP']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New data suggest that a higher radiation dose will improve outcome in treatment of @entity263 . External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) may on the other hand induce disturbances in the @entity1 's urinary and intestinal function. Since 1997, 195 @entity1 have been treated with a stereotactic boost of 4-8 Gy added to conventional 70 Gy EBRT. Late side effects were prospectively evaluated 3 years after dose-escalated EBRT. METHODS: Urinary and intestinal problems were prospectively evaluated with a validated self-assessment questionnaire, the @entity263 Symptom Scale (PCSS). Two hundred and eighty-seven @entity1 completed the questionnaire at the 1 year follow-up, and 153 at 3 years after treatment. Pre-treatment mean age was 66 years. One hundred and sixty-eight @entity1 were treated with the conformal technique and 195 were treated with the dose-escalated stereotactic BeamCath technique. Mean total dose in the conformal group (< or =70 Gy) was 66 Gy (60.8-70.4 Gy). The dose-escalated group consists of three dose levels, 74 Gy (n = 68), 76 Gy (n = 74), and 78 Gy (n = 53). RESULTS: Analyzing the whole population 3 years after treatment, urgency and starting problems decreased in comparison to pre-treatment. A minor increase in @entity322 was reported 3 years after treatment in comparison to pre-treatment. No increases in other urinary symptoms were reported. Intestinal symptoms were slightly increased during the follow-up period in comparison to pre-treatment. Dose escalation with stereotactic EBRT (74-78 Gy) did not increase gastrointestinal or genitourinary late side effects at 1 year or 3 years in comparison to doses < or =70 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: The stereotactic BeamCath EBRT technique facilitates safe dose escalation of @entity1 with @entity263 .

title: Prospective evaluation of urinary and intestinal side effects after BeamCath stereotactic dose-escalated radiotherapy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE: Cross-species quantification of physiological behavior enables a better understanding of the biological systems underlying @entity146 such as @entity162 ( @entity162 ). Cardinal symptoms of @entity162 include increased motor activity and goal-directed behavior, thought to be related to increased @entity5733 activity, potentially selective to @entity935 homeostatic dysregulation. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to test whether acute administration of @entity4944 , a @entity1063 / @entity935 transporter inhibitor and @entity935 releaser, would replicate the profile of activity and exploration observed in both @entity1 with @entity162 and @entity19 models of @entity162 . METHODS: Healthy volunteers with no @entity146 history were randomized to a one-time dose of placebo (n   =   25), 10  mg @entity2254 (n   =   18), or 20  mg @entity4944 (n   =   23). Eighty @entity19 were administered one of four doses of @entity2254 or vehicle. @entity1 and @entity19 were tested in the behavioral pattern monitor (BPM), which quantifies motor activity, exploratory behavior, and spatial patterns of behavior. RESULTS: In @entity1 , the 20-mg dose of @entity4944 increased motor activity as measured by acceleration without marked effects on exploration or spatial patterns of activity. In @entity19 , @entity4944 increased activity, decreased specific exploration, and caused straighter, one-dimensional movements in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with @entity19 , @entity4944 increased motoric activity in @entity1 without increasing exploration. Given that @entity162 @entity1 exhibit heightened exploration, these data further emphasize the limitation of @entity4944 -induced @entity2915 as a suitable model for @entity162 . Further, these studies highlight the utility of cross-species physiological paradigms in validating biological mechanisms of @entity146 .

title: @entity4944 increases activity but not exploration in XXXX and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'Humans']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'BD', 'manic BD', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric diseases', 'neuropsychiatric diseases']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity2728 on @entity308 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity2728 for @entity1295 in @entity5 @entity1 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity2728 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity5 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity1295 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity2728 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity1 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity308 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity2728 would be associated with reduced @entity308 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity2728 did not have a significant effect on @entity308 , even for those @entity1 with severe @entity1295 . However, for subjects with severe @entity1295 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity2728 had lower @entity308 scores than did control subjects. @entity2728 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and Profile of Mood States @entity308 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity2728 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity1295 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2728 differentially impacts @entity308 based on a @entity1 's level of @entity1295 and reduced @entity308 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity1295 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity1 with high levels of @entity1295 , @entity2728 might also reduce @entity308 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity2728 Moderates the Relationship Between @entity5 in 541 XXXX Receiving Chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['Modafinil', 'modafinil']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 1. An isolated gastrocnemius muscle from cat was perfused with a modified Ringer fluid containing the extracellular tracers @entity2656 , @entity969 and inulin and in some cases tritiated water (HTO). When equilibration of the tracers between the perfusate and the tissue was obtained, perfusion with tracer-free fluid was started.2. The fractional rate of escape, @entity14243 (t), of the tracers was followed. For all tracers it declined steadily with time. The rate of decline was faster for the smaller extracellular molecules when any combination of two extracellular tracers was studied.3. Arrest of flow for 1-2 min lead to an increase in @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers when flow was resumed. There was little or no effect upon @entity14243 (t) for HTO.4. Doubling the rate of flow had no effect upon @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers, while that of HTO increased.5. We conclude that the cause of the decline in @entity14243 (t) for the extracellular tracers is concentration gradients in the interstitial space. The findings raise problems in methods for studying capillary permeability by means of the fractional rate of escape of tracers from the interstitial space into the vascular system.

title: The penetration of inulin, @entity969 , XXXX and tritiated water from the interstitial space in muscle into the vascular system.

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term and medium-term result of stent implantation with pharmaceutical thrombolysis in @entity1 with @entity432 . METHODS: From January, 2004 to December, 2008, thirty-five @entity1 diagnosed acute superior @entity5327 , 12 @entity1 treated with stent implantation (interventional therapy group) and 23 @entity1 with pharmaceutical thrombolysis (thrombolytic therapy group). Interventional therapy group treated with @entity384 and stent implantation assisted with anticoagulation, antiplatelet and @entity384 agents. Thrombolytic therapy group used urokinase combined with anticoagulation, antiplatelet and @entity384 agents. All @entity1 had taken @entity1397 and @entity117 orally after discharged and followed up. The clinical effects of both groups were evaluated separately and the Fisher exact test was used to analysis the significant differences. RESULTS: In the 23 cases of thrombolytic therapy group, 7 cases was effective, 16 cases was ineffective (7 cases aggravated or died, 9 cases turn to surgical operation). In the 12 cases of interventional therapy group, 10 cases treated with stent implantation (1 case died of acute @entity1188 3 days after interventional operation), 2 cases failed in recanalizing. All @entity1 were followed up after discharged (range 1 - 48 months, mean 15    12 months), 1 case in thrombolytic therapy group was stable, 6 cases died of the recurrence of @entity432 ; 7 cases in interventional therapy group was stable, 1 case died of acute @entity1188 20 months after interventional operation ( @entity63 not appeared), 1 case had @entity63 reoccurred and recovered by superior mesenteric artery thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of acute superior @entity5327 , stent implantation was obviously superior to pharmaceutical thrombolysis in improving @entity63 and survival, therefore it could provided a reliable choice for the @entity1 who had not appeared @entity39 .

title: [Acute superior XXXX : a contrast study on short-and mid-term result between stent implantation and pharmaceutical thrombolysis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation', 'vascular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1397 :: ('MESH:C055162', 'Chemical') :: ['clopidogrel']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: @entity4786 1 is the most common @entity66 . Neurologic manifestations are mainly represented by @entity5 such as @entity5150 , focal areas of high T2-weighted signal known as unidentified bright objects, and @entity1032 or @entity4207 . The prevalence of @entity410 has been reported to range from 3.8 to 6%. In the present study, we evaluated prevalence, type, and etiology of @entity302 in a @entity4786 1 population. A retrospective analysis of 198 @entity1 affected by @entity4786 1 was performed. Fourteen @entity1 (7%) were found to be @entity302 . Every @entity1 underwent electroencephalographic examination and neuroimaging investigations. Thirteen were submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study and one to computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Single-photon emission computed tomographic and positron emission tomographic studies were performed in a few selected cases. @entity410 were partial in 12 of these (85%) and generalized in 2 (15%). In nine (64%), @entity302 was secondary to @entity75 : five of these had @entity5 (three with @entity302 as the fist symptom), three had cortical @entity600 , and one had @entity3877 . @entity410 were controlled rapidly in eight (57%) and drug resistant in four (29%). Two @entity1 were lost at follow-up. All @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity410 had severe @entity1032 , and three of these had @entity6795 . Our observations and our re-evaluation of the literature indicate that @entity1 with @entity4786 1 have an increased risk of @entity302 related to intracranial masses and @entity410 can represent the first symptom of a @entity5 or cortical @entity600 . Brain MRI and, in selected cases, functional studies appear to be useful in @entity1 with @entity4786 1 who present with @entity410 , especially if associated with @entity1032 .

title: XXXX in @entity4786 1.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3877 :: ('MESH:C566903', 'Disease') :: ['mesial temporal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures', 'cytoarchitectural abnormalities, and seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['neurocutaneous disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cerebral tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['malformations of cortical development']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic gliomas']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['learning disabilities']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['Neurofibromatosis', 'neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence of @entity3126 after cardioversion of @entity943 . METHODS: Cases, case series, and related articles on the subject identified through a comprehensive literature search were examined. RESULTS: Thirty cases (23 males) of post cardioversion @entity3126 were identified. The mean age was 53.8 +/- 13 years (range, 18 to 75 years). Underlying @entity943 were @entity955 (69%), @entity956 (24%), @entity4710 (4%), and @entity1165 (4%). The duration of @entity943 preceding cardioversion varied widely ranging from 1 day to 13 years. Twenty-six (87%) @entity1 had concomitant @entity65 comprising of @entity453 (38%), @entity6331 (23%), @entity296 (23%), and @entity101 (8%). Direct current electrical cardioversion was used in 28 (93%) @entity1 and pacing in two (7%) @entity1 . Occurrence of @entity3126 was independent of the amount of energy used for cardioversion (range 20 to 1280 Joules, mean 263 +/- 27 Joules). Short acting general anesthetic drugs were administered in 14 (47%) and sedation in eight (27%) @entity1 . Sinus rhythm was established in 23 (77%) @entity1 . Duration to develop @entity3126 after cardioversion was available in 23 @entity1 and ranged from immediately to 96 h. @entity3126 occurred within 15 min after cardioversion in 22%, within 3 h in 30%, within 24 h in 30%, within 48 h in 17% and within 96 h in remaining 4% of @entity1 . Three @entity1 required mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSION: The rare complication of @entity3126 after cardioversion has been reported mostly in @entity1 with underlying @entity299 , and is independent of the amount of energy used for cardioversion.

title: XXXX after cardioversion of @entity943 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['acute pulmonary edema', 'pulmonary edema', 'Pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3126 :: (MESH:D011654,Disease) :: ['Acute pulmonary edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The donor cell culture in animal serum-free medium is important for the clinical application of cell transplantation therapy. Recently, @entity1 -derived platelet lysate (PL) gained interest as a substitute for fetal calf serum (FCS), but there are no studies that evaluate the validity of @entity1 bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) expanded with PL-containing medium for @entity6220 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that hBMSCs expanded with FCS-free, PL-containing medium can promote functional recovery after @entity385 . METHODS: hBMSCs were cultured in the FCS- or PL-containing medium. Cell-growth kinetics were analyzed. The vehicle or hBMSCs was stereotactically transplanted into the ipsilateral striatum of the @entity35 subjected to permanent @entity2500 7 days after the insult. Motor function was assessed for 8 weeks, and the fate of transplanted hBMSCs was examined using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in hBMSC expansion between the 2 groups. Transplantation of hBMSCs expanded with the FCS- or PL-containing medium equally promoted functional recovery compared with the vehicle group. Histological analysis revealed that there were no significant differences in their migration, survival, and neural differentiation in the @entity1188 brain between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: hBMSCs expanded with PL-containing medium retained their capacity of migration, survival, and differentiation and significantly promoted functional recovery when stereotactically transplanted into the @entity1188 brain. The PL may be a clinically valuable and safe substitute for FCS in expanding hBMSCs to regenerate the @entity1188 brain.

title: Therapeutic impact of XXXX bone marrow stromal cells expanded by animal serum-free medium for @entity385 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system disorders']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarct']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated @entity293 (CAUTI) and @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) are considered performance measures. We analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and risk of CAUTI and @entity2489 in @entity130 @entity1 , as well as the demographic and injury factors related to these @entity281 and their relative risks of negative outcomes (prolonged length of stay [LOS], @entity295 , and @entity204 ). METHODS: @entity130 registry data were analyzed (age >18   y; LOS >24   h) from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. @entity130 location, severity, and type were analyzed relative to outcomes along with device-associated @entity281 , as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The outcomes analyzed were intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital LOS, @entity295 , and in-hospital @entity204 . Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the factors contributing to @entity295 , including device-associated @entity281 . RESULTS: The included population (n=10,755) was 66.6% male and had a mean age of 45.1   y, with blunt @entity130 in 91.8% and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 10 points. @entity1 developing CAUTI (n=324; 3.0%; p<0.005) were more likely to be female (59.4%), had a higher median ISS (20.5), and were older (56.7 years). @entity1 with @entity2489 (n=161; 1.5%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (27). @entity1 with @entity295 (n=149; 1.4%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (24.0) and were older (52.3   y). @entity295 was associated with prolonged LOS and @entity204 , as expected (p<0.005). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of @entity295 were CAUTI (odds ratio [OR] 16.15; p<0.001), @entity2489 (OR 6.95; p<0.001), ISS (OR 1.05 per unit; p<0.001), age (OR 1.02 per year; p<0.001), and penetrating, abdominal, pelvic, or @entity764 . CONCLUSION: Development of CAUTI and @entity2489 are significantly associated with a higher risk of @entity295 in @entity130 @entity1 after adjustment for age and @entity130 , location, and severity. This study suggests the importance of device-associated @entity281 as vectors for @entity295 in @entity130 and highlights the importance of prevention initiatives.

title: Impact of Device-Associated Infection on @entity130 XXXX Outcomes at a @entity130 Center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injury']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Demographics and injury', 'Trauma', 'trauma', 'injury type']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity15627 (FAEs) offer an effective alternative to @entity1 with @entity1569 in whom other systemic agents are contraindicated or have failed. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy and side effect profile of FAEs in a group of @entity1 with @entity1569 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on @entity1 treated with FAEs over 21 months. Information was gathered from @entity1 ' notes. Dosage, response and side effects were recorded. RESULTS: In total, 31 @entity1 were included. The mean age was 46.8 years. All @entity1 had been treated with other modalities and 61.5% had received previous systemic treatment. There was good to excellent response in 58.6% of @entity1 . Subjective side-effects were common (87.1%), and @entity2905 occurred in 61.3%. The drug was not tolerated by one-fifth of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The relatively low @entity137 and absence of hepatotoxicity makes FAEs a reasonable first-line systemic treatment in selected @entity1 with difficult @entity1569 .

title: @entity15627 in the management of severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity15627 :: ('MESH:D005650', 'Chemical') :: ['Fumaric acid esters']

answer: @entity1569 :: (MESH:D011565,Disease) :: ['psoriasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity14 are two of the most common types and cause of a high rate of @entity204 worldwide. Therefore, any strategy to stop or at least slacken the development and progression of malignant cells is an important therapeutic choice. The aim of the present work is the identification of novel @entity5 chemotherapy agents. Nowadays, many different drug discovery approaches are available, but this paper focuses on Molecular Topology, which has already demonstrated its extraordinary efficacy in this field, particularly in the identification of new hit and lead compounds against @entity5 . This methodology uses the graph theoretical formalism to numerically characterize molecular structures through the so called topological indices. Once obtained a specific framework, it allows the construction of complex mathematical models that can be used to predict physical, chemical or biological properties of compounds. In addition, Molecular Topology is highly efficient in selecting and designing new hit and lead drugs. According to the aforementioned, Molecular Topology has been applied here for the construction of specific @entity584 / @entity3470 and @entity3546 inhibition mathematical models in order to identify and select novel antitumor agents. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Based on the results obtained by the selected mathematical models, six novel potential inhibitors of the @entity584 / @entity3470 and @entity3546 pathways were identified. These compounds were then tested in vitro to confirm their biological activity. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Five of the selected compounds, CAS n   256378-54-8 (Inhibitor n  1), 663203-38-1 (Inhibitor n  2), 247079-73-8 (Inhibitor n  3), 689769-86-6 (Inhibitor n  4) and 431925-096 (Inhibitor n  6) gave positive responses and resulted to be active for @entity584 / @entity3470 and/or @entity3546 inhibition. This study confirms once again the Molecular Topology's reliability and efficacy to find out novel drugs in the field of @entity5 .

title: Novel Cancer Chemotherapy Hits by Molecular Topology: Dual XXXX and Beta-Catenin Inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal and prostate cancers']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The ideal method for the surgical treatment of @entity6342 has not yet been found. We therefore conducted a retrospective matched-pair analysis and compared osteosynthesis with open reduction and internal fixation and that with an angular stable plate with minimally invasive, closed reduction, percutaneous fixation with the Humerusblock. METHODS: During a study period of 3  years, we matched 30 @entity1 treated with angular stable plates (group 1) for age, gender, fracture type and handedness (dominant or nondominant) to 30 @entity1 treated using the Humerusblock (group 2). At a minimal follow-up of 24  months, clinical evaluation included the Constant-Murley score, the UCLA score and the Simple Shoulder Test. Subjective @entity158 was evaluated using the VAS @entity158 scale. @entity1 were asked to rate their subjective satisfaction of final outcome as excellent, good, satisfied or dissatisfied. RESULTS: The mean CMS, UCLA score and SST differed significantly between groups 1 and 2 (60.9 vs 71.9, p   <   0.01), (25.1 vs 29.5, p   <   0.01) and (8.1 vs 9.4, p   <   0.05), respectively. The VAS @entity158 score was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (1.2 vs 2.4; p   <   0.01). The mean abduction (109.7   vs 133.7  ; p   <   0.01) and anterior flexion (128.3   vs 145.7  ; p   <   0.01) were significantly worse in group 1. The mean operation time was significantly shorter in group 2 (117.3 vs 72.1, p   <   0.01). Complications occurred in 30  % (group 1) and 23  % (group 2) of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the functional outcome is superior in the Humerusblock group. However, the general outcome after surgical treatment of 3-and 4-part @entity174 is moderate, and the complication rate has to be considered, even though it can be lowered with the use of minimally invasive implants.

title: Comparison between minimally invasive, percutaneous osteosynthesis and locking plate osteosynthesis in 3-and 4-part proximal humerus XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of intramuscularly administered @entity2892 / @entity9234 was studied in 70 @entity1 with mild or moderately severe @entity2348 (skin and soft tissue infections, @entity1729 , @entity293 and @entity5280 ). Doses of @entity2892 / @entity9234 ranged from 0.5 to 0.75 g twice daily. Fifty-five @entity1 were evaluable for bacteriological efficacy; in the remaining 15 @entity1 no pathogens were isolated or susceptibility data were lacking. MIC50 and MIC90 of @entity2892 were 0.12 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-negative pathogens isolated and 0.25 mg/l and 0.5 mg/l, respectively, for Gram-positive pathogens. Only one strain (a Flavobacterium odoratum) was resistant to @entity2892 . Clinical cure and bacteriological elimination was achieved in 94% of evaluable @entity1 while 3% showed marked clinical improvement. Two @entity1 were considered therapeutic failures. No clinical adverse effects were noted. Abnormal liver transaminases were recorded in 23% of the @entity1 and 11% developed @entity1712 . In no @entity1 was @entity2892 / @entity9234 discontinued due to adverse effects. It is concluded that intramuscular @entity2892 / @entity9234 in these @entity1 was well tolerated and efficacious.

title: Intramuscular XXXX / @entity9234 for treatment of mild and moderately severe @entity2348 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity9234 :: ('MESH:D015377', 'Chemical') :: ['cilastatin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity2892 :: (MESH:D015378,Chemical) :: ['imipenem']


abstract: Recently it has been demonstrated that retinal hemodynamics are disturbed in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . As the underlying cause a reduction in perfusion pressure due to @entity2790 (IOP) and @entity2479 has been discussed. The present study was undertaken to clarify the influence of filtering surgery on retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . A total of 17 @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 aged between 37 and 86 years were included in this prospective study. All @entity1 underwent digital @entity941 angiography before and 10 days after fistulating procedures. From the angiograms the arteriovenous passage time ( @entity1831 ) and arterial mean dye-bolus velocity (MDV) were quantified by means of digital picture analysis. At baseline the @entity1831 was significantly prolonged in the @entity1 as compared with reference values ( @entity1831 , 2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 1.6 +/- 0.4 s; P < 0.01). After the fistulating procedure (IOP: before, 29 +/- 5 mmHg; after, 16 +/- 4 mmHg) the @entity1831 was significantly reduced as compared with baseline values ( @entity1831 , 2.5 +/- 0.8 versus 2.0 +/- 0.4 s; P < 0.05), whereas the MDV showed only a slight increase ( @entity72877 .70 +/- 0.89 versus 5.99 +/- 0.92 mm/s; P > 0.05). This study confirms a disturbance of retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic @entity1538 . The significant reduction in @entity1831 observed after lowering of the IOP by fistulating procedures demonstrates the positive influence of IOP reduction on the retinal circulation. The improvement in retinal circulation may prevent the occurrence of further @entity16 after fistulating procedures.

title: Retinal hemodynamics in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['deficiencies of retinal autoregulation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous damage']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['increased intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In spite of controversial issues, pancreatectomy following neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NeoCRT) has been applied in treating advanced @entity788 . Cases of pathological complete remission (pCR) following NeoCRT is rare, and its long-term follow-up data are still lacking.From January 2000 to December 2012, medical records of the @entity1 who underwent pancreatectomy for @entity1124 were retrospectively reviewed. Characteristics of the @entity1 with pCR were summarized and their long-term follow-up data were analyzed.Among 86 @entity1 with @entity788 who underwent radical pancreatectomy following NeoCRT, 10 @entity1 (11.6%) were reported to pCR. Nine out of 10 @entity1 received @entity136 -based chemoradiation therapy. Median pre-NeoCRT serum CA 19-9 was 313.5U/ml, and post-NeoCRT serum CA 19-9 was 9.9U/ml, which was shown to be significant difference between 2 serum CA 19-9 level (P=0.005). Pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was done in 8 @entity1 , and the others received distal pancreatosplenectomy. Postoperative chemotherapy was received in 6 @entity1 . Disease-free survival was statistically superior in @entity1 with pCR than @entity1 without pCR (P<0.05). However, 5 @entity1 experienced @entity5 recurrence and no clinicopathologic variables including preoperative resectability could not predict the potential recurrence of @entity5 in @entity1 with pCR (P>0.05).pCR is rarely reported following NeoCRT, but this condition is not telling the cure of the disease. Early recurrence in the pattern of liver @entity3 and peritoneal seeding can be expected. However, long-term survival could be maintained in @entity1 without recurrence. Further investigation is necessary for predicting failure of treatment.

title: Pathological Complete Remission of XXXX Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy; Not the End of Battles.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Many endocrine surgeons advocate subtotal adrenalectomy for @entity1 with bilateral @entity74 despite the risk of recurrence. However, as the effectiveness of this procedure for locally recurrent @entity1911 is not well known, we investigated two @entity1 who underwent this operation. METHODS: We performed repeat subtotal adrenalectomy for recurrent @entity74 in two @entity1 who had undergone primary subtotal adrenalectomy. RESULTS: @entity1 1 was a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity13081 , in whom about 25% of the right adrenal gland was left in situ. @entity1 2 was a 22-year-old @entity1 with @entity280 , in whom about 25% of both normal adrenal glands was left in situ. No @entity134 replacement was required postoperatively, and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation revealed sufficient adrenocortical function in both @entity1 . No sign of recurrent @entity1911 has been found in 96 months and 11 months of follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: Recurrent hereditary benign @entity1911 after subtotal adrenalectomy may be treated successfully by repeated subtotal adrenalectomy. However, the risk of recurrence and @entity5 must be weighed carefully against the risk of lifelong @entity134 replacement and potential @entity3935 . Thus, repeated subtotal adrenalectomy should be considered for selective @entity1 who want to avoid @entity134 replacement.

title: Repeat adrenocortical-sparing adrenalectomy for recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'Patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['Addisonian crisis']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity13081 :: ('MESH:D018813', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von-Hippel-Lindau syndrome']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['hereditary pheochromocytoma']


abstract: Between 1971 and 1980, 20 @entity1 with @entity82 were treated by resection of ventricular endocardium and replacement of the @entity340 . There were 13 male and seven female @entity1 whose ages ranged between 12 and 58 years. Thirteen were white and the remaining seven were black Africans. Nine presented a right-sided form, five a left-sided one, and six presented involvement of both ventricles. The role of @entity1712 is discussed in the etiology of the disease. The operation was performed according to the techniques we had developed in our first operative case-excision of the @entity340 . Complete resection of the endocardium, and valvular replacement. There were three operative @entity204 . Complete @entity616 was observed in seven of our @entity1 . particularly in those with right-sided @entity884 . At late follow-up, we have not observed any case of recurrence of the disease. On the basis of our experience and the results previously published in the literature, we believe that endocardiectomy is the best current treatment of this disease.

title: Surgical treatment of constrictive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['hypereosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular dissociation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous endocarditis']


abstract: Analysis of 207 case reports on @entity1 with ring autosome showed that: Forty @entity1 , a fifth of the total, had @entity851 together with an otherwise almost-normal appearance, viz. no major @entity600 , no specific deletion syndrome, no or only a few unspecific @entity154 . This phenotype may be regarded as the " @entity3521 ", a term proposed by Cote et al. (1981) since it is independent of what chromosome is involved. @entity851 , the sole major physical @entity854 ", was seen significantly more often among @entity1 with ring of larger chromosomes than among @entity1 with a smaller ring, indicating that the greater the chromosome involved in ring formation, the higher is the probability of severe @entity851 . Larger ring chromosomes showed significantly more often instability than smaller rings, suggesting that there may be a correlation between ring instability and the size of the chromosome involved. @entity851 was present in significantly more @entity1 with a "labile" ring than with a "stable" ring, indicating that a correlation may exist between ring instability and @entity851 . It is suggested that the " @entity3521 " observed in many cases with ring autosome may result from end-to-end fusion of chromosome ends, an event not involving deletion in the genetic sense. It is also suggested that the " @entity3521 " is caused by a continuous generation of secondary aneuploid cells with increased mortality, i.e. structural ring instability which seems to be a function of the size of the chromosome involved. Thus, formation of a ring chromosome in certain cases might be regarded as a "structural mutation", i.e. an alteration in the structure of the genetic material per se, rather than a loss or gain of genetic dosages.

title: Does " XXXX " exist? An analysis of 207 case reports on @entity1 with a ring autosome.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['minor anomalies']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['Severe growth failure', 'Growth failure', 'growth failure', 'extreme growth failure']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormality in the "ring syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3521 :: ('MESH:D012303', 'Disease') :: ['ring syndrome']

answer: @entity3521 :: (MESH:D012303,Disease) :: ['ring syndrome']


abstract: PURPOSE: There have been conflicting reports regarding the incidence of @entity137 in @entity1 receiving intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with an extended field covering the para-aortic (PA) lymph nodes for gynecologic @entity5 . We reviewed our experiences and rates of @entity137 in @entity1 treated with extended field IMRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity1 with either cervical or @entity1204 who were treated with IMRT to the PA nodes for involved lymph nodes or for prophylactic intent between 2005 and 2013 were included. For prophylactic intent, the radiation dose to the PA nodes was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. For involved lymph nodes, a boost was delivered to the gross disease with a 0.7-cm expansion, with editing for critical structures. The entire duodenum was retrospectively contoured on all @entity1 from the gastric outlet to the jejunal transition. RESULTS: We identified 76 eligible @entity1 with @entity1204 . The PA region was treated prophylactically in 46.1% (n = 35) and for involved PA lymph nodes in 53.9% (n = 41). The duodenum was contoured on all @entity1 with a median volume of 83.2 cm(3) (range, 21.2-174.9 cm(3)). The mean volume of duodenum receiving 55 Gy (V55) for those treated prophylactically and for involved PA nodes was 0 cm(3) and 0.8 cm(3) (range, 0-10.6 cm(3)), respectively (P = .014). Specifically, no @entity1 had a V55 >15 cm(3). The mean V40 was 28.3 cm(3) (range, 0-77.3 cm(3)) and 41.4 (range, 0-90.0 cm(3)), respectively (P = .016). The mean dose delivered to 2 cm(3) of the duodenum was 34.9 Gy (range, 0-52.3 Gy) and 50.1 Gy (range, 31.3 - 58.3 Gy), respectively. Grade 3 acute @entity344 was recorded in 3.9% (n = 3) of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, the treatment of PA lymph nodes using an IMRT technique is associated with a low @entity137 profile and there has been no high-grade late @entity137 .

title: Extended field intensity modulated radiation therapy for gynecologic @entity5 : Is the risk of XXXX high?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['duodenal toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the causes of bilateral leg @entity4 in a primary care setting, and to determine the ability of primary care providers to arrive at the correct diagnosis using the information available at the initial clinical encounter. @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-eight ambulatory adult @entity1 with bilateral leg @entity4 were enrolled at an inner city family practice during a 3-year period. Historical information, physical examination findings, and clinical impressions of primary care providers were compared with the results of laboratory evaluations consisting of echocardiograms, venous duplex ultrasound leg scans, serum @entity2313 levels, and when appropriate, 24-hour urinalyses. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity1 (78%) completed the study. The initial clinical impression was @entity4096 in 32 (71%) @entity1 and @entity712 in 8 (18%) @entity1 . In actuality, 15 (33%) @entity1 had a @entity299 as a cause of their leg @entity4 , and 19 (42%) had @entity120 . All of the @entity1 with @entity299 , and almost all of those with @entity120 , were age 45 years or older. Only 10 (22%) of the subjects had @entity4096 . Renal conditions, medication use, and @entity4988 were less common. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing clinical information only, many @entity1 with cardiopulmonary pathology were incorrectly diagnosed as having more benign conditions, most commonly @entity4096 . Echocardiographic evaluation, including an estimation of pulmonary artery pressure, may be advisable in many @entity1 with bilateral leg @entity4 , especially if they are at least 45 years old.

title: Etiology and diagnosis of bilateral leg XXXX in primary care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity4096 :: ('MESH:D014689', 'Disease') :: ['venous insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac condition', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']