abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apart from transplant, there are no satisfactory therapies for the severe @entity308 in contractility in @entity384 ( @entity384 ). Current @entity712 treatments that act by increasing contractility involve signaling cascades that alter @entity460 homeostasis and induce @entity943 . Omecamtiv mecarbil is a promising new inotropic agent developed for @entity712 that may circumvent such limitations. Omecamtiv is a direct cardiac myosin activator that promotes and prolongs the strong myosin-actin binding conformation to increase the duration of systolic elastance. We tested the effect of omecamtiv on @entity9495 sensitivity of myofilaments of a @entity384 @entity19 model containing a tropomyosin @entity49819 mutation. We compared tension and @entity28653 activity of detergent-extracted myofilaments with and without treatment with 316 nM omecamtiv at varying pCa values. When transgenic myofilaments were treated with omecamtiv, the pCa50 for activation of tension increased from 5.70    0.02 to 5.82    0.02 and @entity28653 activity increased from 5.73    0.06 to 6.07    0.04. This significant leftward shift restored @entity9495 sensitivity to levels no longer significantly different from controls. Proteomic studies lacked changes in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that omecamtiv can potentially augment cardiac contractility in @entity384 by increasing @entity9495 sensitivity. The use of direct myosin activators addresses functional defects without incurring the adverse side effects of @entity9495 -dependent treatments.

title: Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a Cardiac Myosin Activator, Increases Ca2+ Sensitivity in Myofilaments With a XXXX Mutant Tropomyosin @entity49819 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'familial dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity49819 :: ('p|SUB|E|54|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E54K']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Dilated Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: To characterize interventions resulting in 'physiological' growth of the heart, @entity35 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity35 and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) had @entity1378 induced (0.05 mg.kg-1.day-1 @entity1954 for 6 days) or were treated with a high dose of the @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor, @entity55587 (15 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 5 weeks). Etomoxir increased cardiac growth evenly, but @entity1378 resulted in an over-proportional higher right ventricular weight. Both interventions increased the proportion of the myosin isozyme V1. The rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity141 uptake was increased to a greater extent in @entity1378 @entity35 than in etomoxir-treated @entity35 (P < 0.05). Left ventricular levels of immunoreactive phospholamban (semiquantitative ELISA) were moderately decreased (P < 0.05) in @entity1378 @entity35 but not in etomoxir-treated @entity35 . The protein kinase A-catalyzed in vitro 32P-incorporation into the SR @entity141 pump modulator phospholamban was greatly reduced (P < 0.05) in @entity1378 @entity35 , indicating an increased in vivo phosphorylation. Etomoxir did not affect phospholamban phosphorylation in WKY @entity35 . Thus, both a higher in vivo phospholamban phosphorylation state and a greater number of active @entity141 pumps contributed to an increased rate of SR @entity141 uptake in @entity1378 . The etomoxir treatment primarily increased the number of active @entity141 pumps. A scheme is proposed focusing on long-term vs short-term regulation of the SR @entity141 pump/phospholamban system in diseased states.

title: Differential influences of @entity6211 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibition and XXXX on cardiac growth and sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: We describe a @entity1 with acute necrotizing @entity2401 who recovered rapidly after pericardial drainage and without corticosteroid therapy. The 25-year- old @entity1 was referred to our hospital with suspected acute @entity583 on the basis of severe epigastralgia, abnormal Q waves and ST elevation on electrocardiography, and an increase in cardiac enzymes. Echocardiography disclosed pericardial effusion that compressed the right ventricle, left @entity67 in conjunction with posterolateral hypokinesis, and a thickened ventricular wall but no mural @entity715 . The eosinophil count in the peripheral blood was slightly increased. Coronary angiography showed normal arteries and thus prompted an endomyocardial biopsy. The @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit with a clinical diagnosis of @entity2401 associated with @entity2293 . Emergency pericardiocentesis relieved symptoms immediately. The cells in the pericardial effusion were mainly eosinophils; @entity225 and @entity4047 levels were predominantly elevated, and the effusion was drained for 5 days. The biopsy specimen revealed necrotizing @entity2401 . Left ventricular function recovered within a week without corticosteroid therapy. No relapse was observed as of 8 months after diagnosis.

title: Therapeutic role of pericardiocentesis for acute necrotizing @entity2401 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'eosinophilic myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity2293 :: (MESH:D002305,Disease) :: ['cardiac tamponade']


abstract: We studied the role of @entity16084 C isoform @entity4456 in @entity2367 ( @entity24399 ) formation, as well as in the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway induced by anticancer drugs in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) cells. @entity2879 and @entity1311 induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in @entity4456 -positive LNCaP and DU145 cells but not in @entity4456 -negative LN-TPA or @entity263 -3 cells. In contrast, these drugs induced mitotic cell cycle arrest in all @entity263 cell lines. Treatment with @entity12703 , a specific @entity4456 inhibitor, significantly inhibited drug-induced @entity24399 formation and apoptosis in LNCaP cells, as did overexpression of dominant negative-type @entity4456 . Overexpression of wild-type @entity4456 had an opposite effect in @entity263 -3 cells. Notably, @entity2879 induced biphasic @entity24399 formation in LNCaP cells. The early and transient @entity24399 increase resulted from de novo @entity24399 synthesis, while the late and sustained @entity24399 accumulation was derived from @entity4291 hydrolysis by @entity29682 ( @entity29682 ). @entity24399 , in turn, induced mitochondrial translocation of @entity4456 and stimulated the activity of this kinase, promoting @entity4674 release and @entity8187 activation. Furthermore, the specific @entity8187 inhibitor LEHD-fmk significantly inhibited @entity2879 -induced @entity29682 activation, @entity24399 accumulation, and @entity4456 mitochondrial translocation. These results indicate that @entity4456 plays a crucial role in activating anticancer drug-induced apoptosis signaling by amplifying the @entity24399 -mediated mitochondrial amplification loop.

title: XXXX Cdelta amplifies @entity2367 formation via mitochondrial signaling in @entity263 cells.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity12703 :: ('MESH:C085746', 'Chemical') :: ['Rottlerin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide', 'Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity29682 :: ('6610', 'Gene') :: ['neutral sphingomyelinase', 'nSMase']

entities_list: @entity2367 :: ('CHEBI:17761', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramide']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

answer: @entity16084 :: (1022,Gene) :: ['Protein kinase']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to quantify the amount of agreement among orthopaedic surgeons regarding the natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee, surgery, and rehabilitation, and the treatment of these @entity1 . TYPE OF STUDY: Physician mail survey. METHODS: Orthopaedic surgeons were randomly selected from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) directory. Only individuals who treated or referred @entity1887 @entity1 for treatment within the past year were asked to complete the 3-page survey. The survey included 25 questions regarding clinical opinion. Clinical agreement was present when 80% or more of the surgeons agreed on the same response option. RESULTS: The total number of surgeons who responded to the survey was 397 (response rate, 54.8%) and the number who had treated or referred @entity1887 @entity1 in the past year was 261. Among surgeons who completed the questionnaire, the response rates to the individual questions ranged from 92% to 100%. The mean response rate for all questions was 97.4%. The mean age of the surgeons was 48.4 years, and 35.8% considered their practice to be a subspecialty in sports medicine or knee surgery. For 12 questions (48%), there was clinical disagreement among the surgeons. Surgical volume was associated with clinical opinion for 16 of 25 questions (P < or =.05). CONCLUSIONS: Significant variation is seen in clinical opinion and decision-making regarding @entity130 among members of the AAOS, particularly regarding whether @entity1347 @entity1 can participate in all recreational sports activities, that ACL reconstruction reduces the rate of @entity4040 , and on the use of braces in the postoperative period. Additionally, surgeons disagreed on the effect of 4 @entity1 characteristics (age over 40, presence of @entity158 , irreparable meniscal tear, @entity130 ) on the decision to perform surgery. Areas of significant clinical uncertainty should be the focus of future research and medical education for orthopaedic surgeons who treat @entity130 .

title: Beliefs and attitudes of members of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons regarding the treatment of anterior cruciate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-deficient']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['ACL-insufficient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ["injury involving Workers' Compensation", 'ACL injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['ligament injury']


abstract: The objective of this study was to image the surface structure of cultured @entity1 epidermal melanocytes using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Epidermis obtained from @entity1 foreskins was treated with 0.5% dispase. Cell suspensions of the epidermis were prepared and seeded in six-well plates, in which sheets of @entity1531 had been placed. Samples for AFM were fixed on @entity1531 and scanning AFM images were captured by contacting and tapping modes operated under normal atmospheric pressure and temperature. @entity1 epidermal melanocytes exhibited rounded, oval, triangular or quadrangular perikarya from which eight to 10 thick dendrites arose. These dendrites first bifurcated near the soma and then divided profusely into daughter branches, which spread out in all directions. We observed string-like long thin projections, growth cones and shorter thicker projections, which arose from the dendritic shafts, in which groups of melanosomes were arrayed. In addition to such structures, the most striking feature was the presence of filopodia arising from the melanocyte dendrite @entity3455 and the melanocyte cell body, many of which contained melanosomes. The termini of dendrites formed unbranched terminal protrusions (approximately 1,500-2,000 nm wide) consisting of two to three melanosomes wrapped in an arc, with their filopodia extending outwards. The @entity3455 of these structures also appeared to be squeezed and finally pinched off by the melanocyte to form a pouch filled with numerous melanosomes. We conclude that secondary and tertiary branches and subordinate branches might take part in transferring melanosomes into keratinocytes in addition to the transfer through the @entity3455 of the dendritic shafts. The melanin granules were expelled by exocytosis.

title: Morphology of cultured XXXX epidermal melanocytes observed by atomic force microscopy.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The symptomatic effect of @entity4444 was examined in 27 @entity1 with non- @entity1066 (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the symptomatic effect of drugs in individual @entity1 . None of the @entity1 showed an @entity1066 at the time, but 20 @entity1 had evidence of previous @entity10189 . The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and three regular interchanges between @entity4444 and placebo. Treatment periods lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the number of times (X score) @entity4444 was associated with less symptoms than the preceding or following placebo. In general, @entity4444 was associated with significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five @entity1 showed the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when @entity4444 is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when defining these five @entity1 as @entity4444 responders is 9%. The present study confirms that the MCO model may identify individual @entity4444 responders among @entity1 with NUD.

title: The effect of XXXX in non- @entity1066 . Experience with a multi-cross-over model.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: @entity5860 is a known cause of male and female @entity249 . In this retrospective study, we investigated the effect of treatment of asymptomatic @entity491 on pregnancy rates. Twenty-five infertile @entity1 with asymptomatic @entity491 received broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment (100 mg @entity3403 , 200 mg @entity800 , and 500 mg @entity868 twice a day for 7-10 days). Pregnancy rates and resolution of @entity491 were evaluated 6 months after treatment. Eleven @entity1 (44%) had persistent @entity491 and 16 (64%) had become pregnant within 6 months after treatment. Successful treatment of @entity491 resulted in an increase in the pregnancy rate: 13 of the 14 @entity1 (93%) who were cured of @entity491 became pregnant, while 3 of the 11 (27%) who did not become pregnant were cured (p = 0.002). @entity1 who did not achieve pregnancy were older (p = 0. 002) than those who did. @entity1 who were not cured were also older than those who were (p = 0.014). Our findings suggest that the treatment for @entity491 is less effective for older @entity1 than for younger @entity1 . However, treatment of asymptomatic @entity491 appears to help preserve the fertility of @entity1 with this disease.

title: Implications of asymptomatic endocervical @entity491 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity3403 :: ('MESH:D004318', 'Chemical') :: ['doxycycline']

entities_list: @entity5860 :: ('MESH:D060737', 'Disease') :: ['Genital tract infection']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis', 'cervical leukocytosis']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: The AZURE trial is an ongoing phase III, academic, multi-centre, randomised trial designed to evaluate the role of @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in the adjuvant therapy of @entity1 with @entity0 . Here, we report the safety and tolerability profile of @entity5921 in this setting. Eligible @entity1 received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and/or endocrine therapy and were randomised to receive neither additional treatment nor intravenous @entity5921 4 mg. @entity5921 was administered after each chemotherapy cycle to exploit potential sequence-dependent synergy. @entity5921 was continued for 60 months post-randomisation (six doses in the first 6 months, eight doses in the following 24 months and five doses in the final 30 months). Serious (SAE) and non-serious adverse event (AE) data generated during the first 36 months on study were analysed for the safety population. 3,360 @entity1 were recruited to the AZURE trial. The safety population comprised 3,340 @entity1 ( @entity5921 1,665; control 1,675). The addition of @entity5921 to standard treatment did not significantly impact on chemotherapy delivery. SAE were similar in both treatment arms. No significant safety differences were seen apart from the occurrence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) in the @entity5921 group (11 confirmed cases; 0.7%; 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.1%). @entity5921 in the adjuvant setting is well tolerated, and can be safely administered in addition to adjuvant therapy including chemotherapy. The adverse events were consistent with the known safety profile of @entity5921 , with a low incidence of ONJ.

title: Safety of @entity4381 and incidence of @entity2530 of the jaw (ONJ) during adjuvant therapy in a randomised phase III trial (AZURE: BIG 01-04) for XXXX with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage II/III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction chemotherapy before surgical resection increases survival compared with surgical resection alone in @entity1 with stage IIIA-N2 @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). We hypothesized that, following a response to induction chemotherapy, surgical resection would be superior to thoracic radiotherapy as locoregional therapy. METHODS: Selected @entity1 with histologic or cytologic proven stage IIIA-N2 @entity1149 were given three cycles of @entity902 -based induction chemotherapy. Responding @entity1 were subsequently randomly assigned to surgical resection or radiotherapy. Survival curves were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analyses from time of randomization. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy resulted in a response rate of 61% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 57% to 65%) among the 579 eligible @entity1 . A total of 167 @entity1 were allocated to resection and 165 to radiotherapy. Of the 154 (92%) @entity1 who underwent surgery, 14% had an exploratory thoracotomy, 50% a radical resection, 42% a pathologic downstaging, and 5% a pathologic complete response; 4% died after surgery. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered to 62 (40%) of @entity1 in the surgery arm. Among the 154 (93%) irradiated @entity1 , overall compliance to the radiotherapy prescription was 55%, and grade 3/4 acute and late esophageal and pulmonary toxic effects occurred in 4% and 7%; one @entity1 died of radiation @entity55 . Median and 5-year overall survival for @entity1 randomly assigned to resection versus radiotherapy were 16.4 versus 17.5 months and 15.7% versus 14%, respectively (hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.84 to 1.35). Rates of progression-free survival were also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: In selected @entity1 with pathologically proven stage IIIA-N2 @entity1149 and a response to induction chemotherapy, surgical resection did not improve overall or progression-free survival compared with radiotherapy. In view of its low morbidity and mortality, radiotherapy should be considered the preferred locoregional treatment for these @entity1 .

title: Randomized controlled trial of resection versus radiotherapy after induction chemotherapy in stage IIIA-N2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the feasibility and impact of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW MRI) as the first line neuroimaging of @entity64 at a district general hospital. METHODS: Prospective audit of all in- @entity1 admitted with clinically suspected @entity64 and referred for imaging over a consecutive 17 week period. The data collected included scan type, time from cerebral event to imaging request, and time from formal radiological request to neuroimaging. Clinicians' (general physicians, neurologists, and radiologists) perceptions were assessed by a questionnaire. RESULTS: 148 @entity1 had neuroimaging for clinically suspected @entity64 during this period. Eighty one per cent of @entity1 (120 of 148) had DW MRI as first line. Ninety two per cent of these @entity1 had DW MRI within 24 hours of the formal radiological request. Twenty eight @entity1 did not undergo DW MRI because lack of MRI safety, clinical state, unavailability because of maintenance service or lack of trained staff. Clinicians found the introduction of the DW MRI based service a significant improvement on computed tomography, especially for equivocal cases. CONCLUSION: DW based MRI service is both feasible and sustainable in the setting of a district general hospital and most clinicians feel that this is a significant improvement to @entity64 services.

title: Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging for XXXX : practical and popular.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['acute stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is growing evidence about differences in metastatic spread among @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity10204 ( @entity10204 ). Aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of metastasization according to @entity10204 and to explore the corresponding prognosis. A series of 544 consecutive patients receiving anticancer therapy for metastatic @entity0 from 2004 to 2013, was analyzed. @entity10204 were defined by immunohistochemistry according to St Gallen 2013 criteria. Association between @entity10204 and the different distant localizations was analyzed. Prognosis was described in terms of overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Results were reported taking luminal A @entity0 as reference. Triple negative @entity0 showed a higher tropism for lung (OR 4.30 95  % CI 1.41-13.1), while non luminal @entity1722 subtype was associated with a higher rate of liver metastases (OR 3.61 95  % CI 1.36-9.58). All subtypes were associated with a lower risk of bone-only localization. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement was more common in @entity1722 positive @entity0 (OR 6.3, 95  % CI 1.08-36.66). Liver, lung and CNS involvement influenced negatively OS (HR 1.64, 95  % CI 1.29-2.07; HR 1.49, 95  % CI 1.18-1.90; HR 2.891, 95  % CI 1.85-4.51, respectively) and PFS (HR 1.39, 95  % CI 1.13-1.71; HR 1.26, 95  % CI 1.02-1.55; HR 1.75, 95  % CI 1.12-2.71, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed liver involvement as independent predictor of worse OS (HR 1.64, 95  % CI 1.15-2.34). Stratification by metastatic pattern showed significant differences in terms of @entity1349 but not in terms of PFS. The study suggests that @entity10204 may be characterized by typical patterns of metastatic spread and have different impact on clinical outcome.

title: Pattern of metastasis and outcome in patients with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['post progression survival', 'PPS']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['BS', 'biologic subtypes']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: 1. The effects of elevation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) on the negative inotropic potencies of three representative @entity460 antagonists, @entity3988 , @entity1855 and @entity594 , were investigated in @entity840 papillary muscle preparations. 2. The negative inotropic effect of @entity3988 was potentiated 110 fold when [K+]o was raised from 2.7 mM to 12.7 mM. The effect of @entity1855 was also potentiated to a lesser extent, but that of @entity594 was not affected. 3. Resting membrane potentials in ventricular muscles were about -80 mV and -60 mV in 2.7 mM K+ and 12.7 mM K+, respectively. 4. To clarify the mechanism responsible for the differential potentiation of the negative inotropic effects, the blocking actions of the three @entity460 antagonists on the L-type @entity141 channel current (ICa(L)) were compared at the holding potentials of -80 mV and -60 mV by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 5. The use-dependent blocking effect of @entity3988 on ICa(L) was enhanced markedly by the change in the holding potential from -80 mV to -60 mV. The effect of @entity1855 was also enhanced to a lesser extent but that of @entity594 was not affected in this range of depolarization. 6. The differential effects of the [K+]o elevation on the negative inotropic potencies of the three @entity460 antagonists are explained by the differences in voltage-dependency of their use-dependent blocking effects on ICa(L). 7. The properties of @entity3988 and @entity1855 observed in this study may contribute to their protective effects on the ischaemic myocardium, without affecting the normal myocardium.

title: Differential potentiation by depolarization of the effects of @entity460 antagonists on contraction and XXXX current in @entity840 heart.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

answer: @entity141 :: (CHEBI:29108,Chemical) :: ['Ca2+']


abstract: Bone grafting plays an important role in the dental rehabilitation of @entity1 with @entity2419 . During the period between 1993 and 2001, 12 @entity1 with @entity2419 have been treated in our clinic. Cancellous iliac bone grafts were used in all 12 @entity1 . Seven @entity1 had left and five @entity1 had @entity3384 and @entity2419 operations. All @entity1 had @entity2419 . The ages were between 4 and 18 years (mean age, 10.5 y). Seven of them were female (58.4%) and 5 were male (41.6%). All the cancellous grafts survived. Enough filling and the closure of the @entity292 were achieved except one @entity1 who had wound dehiscence and partial graft loss. The @entity1 experienced a limp for 2 days (mean time) because of the donor site. This surgical procedure achieves successful results if it is used with the proper indication in suitable cases.

title: Cancellous bone grafting in XXXX repair: new experience.

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar clefts', 'alveolar cleft', 'palatal fistulas', 'complete cleft palate']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['right complete unilateral cleft lip']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistulas']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['alveolar cleft']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of change (fall) in serum @entity402 ( @entity402 ) in critically ill adults with severe @entity295 / @entity326 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in a general purpose Intensive Care Unit of a teaching Institute. @entity402 was measured at admission (D0) and after 72-96 h (D4) by electrochemi-luminescence immunoassay (BRAHMS @entity402 kit) in adults (>18 years) admitted with severe @entity295 or @entity326 . Change in procalcitonin values from D0 to D4 was correlated with the primary outcome, that is, 28 days mortality. All results are reported as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: A total of 171 (100 males) of 181 @entity1 were included. The median age was 46 years (range 19-79). 137 @entity1 were in @entity326 and 34 in severe @entity295 . The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in all @entity1 was 11 (9-14).91 (53.2%) @entity1 survived at 28 days (survivors). The baseline procalcitonin was similar in two groups (3.48 [1.04-15.85] vs. 5.27 [1.81-23.57] ng/ml in survivors and nonsurvivors [NS] respectively). The procalcitonin change was 1.58 (0.20-8.52) in survivors and 0.28 (-1.38-6.17) in NS (P = 0.01). The C-statistic of percentage change in procalcitonin from D0 to D4 to predict survival was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.82) when compared to 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86) for change of SOFA score. For an absolute fall in procalcitonin of >1 ng/ml, a 70% fall predicted survival with 75% sensitivity and 64% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill- @entity1 with severe @entity295 / @entity326 , change (fall) in procalcitonin is associated with good outcome.

title: Procalcitonin kinetics as a prognostic marker in severe @entity295 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity402 :: ('MESH:C564133', 'Disease') :: ['procalcitonin level', 'PCT']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

answer: @entity326 :: (MESH:D012772,Disease) :: ['septic shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Urodynamic studies are conducted on a regular basis to evaluate changes in bladder function after @entity1566 . Often, differences in urodynamic parameters exist from one study or one year to the next. The objective of this study was to provide reference ranges for "normal" variability in urodynamic parameters that can be considered as "no real change" from one study to the next. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Fifty consecutive individuals with @entity1566 had 2 trials (trial 1 and trial 2) of urodynamic studies done 5 minutes apart, and the following data were collected: maximum cystometric capacity, opening pressure, maximum detrusor pressure, volume voided, and postvoid residual. The corresponding data were compared, and the frequency distribution for the change between consecutive studies was plotted. Because there is no standard, variability ranges for 5th to 95th, 10th to 90th, and 25th to 75th percentiles were calculated to give health care providers more choices. RESULTS: Ranges of variability are as follows in the following format (urodynamic parameter; mean value; +, maximum increase; -, maximum decrease)--5th to 95th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +213.50 mL, -158.05 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity2507 , +30 cm @entity2507 , -18.00 cm @entity2507 ); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity2507 , +17.35 cm @entity2507 , -27.80 cm @entity2507 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +177.25 mL, -176.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +197.25 mL, -118.00 mL); 10th to 90th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +126.40 mL, -74.60 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity2507 , +13.70 cm @entity2507 , -12.00 cm @entity2507 ); maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity2507 , +10.00 cm @entity2507 , -20.00 cm @entity2507 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +105.60 mL, -82.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +131.00 mL, -86.00 mL); 25th to 75th percentile: cystometric capacity (234.63 mL, +72.00 mL, -27.00 mL); opening pressure (54.56 cm @entity2507 , +4.00 cm @entity2507 , -9.50 cm @entity2507 ; maximum detrusor pressure (60.82 cm @entity2507 , +4.00 cm @entity2507 , -10.00 cm @entity2507 ); volume voided (122.20 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL); postvoid residual (176.06 mL, +50.00 mL, -30.00 mL). CONCLUSIONS: Urodynamic studies have variability. Knowing these ranges of variability can be helpful in determining whether differences between filling trial 1 and filling trial 2 in a single study or year-to-year changes in urodynamic studies are significant or simply the normal variability of the urodynamic study.

title: Normal ranges of variability for urodynamic studies of neurogenic bladders in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is one potential treatment option for @entity1 starting dialysis after graft loss (DAGL). However, the infectious outcomes and their associations with @entity479 use remain undetermined in these @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 41 DAGL @entity1 undergoing @entity298 were recruited. The @entity1 were divided into low- and high-dose @entity479 groups according to the median level. Additionally, they were categorized into tapering and nontapering groups, for which the tapering regimen was defined as the withdrawal of @entity230 within 1 year after starting @entity298 . Primary outcomes, such as @entity298 and exit site infection (ESI), were compared between DAGL and 712 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall risk of @entity298 was similar between the @entity8 and DAGL groups. However, when the DAGL group was stratified by the @entity479 variable, the risk was higher in the high-dose or nontapering @entity479 groups than in the @entity8 or counterpart @entity479 groups. The DAGL group had a higher risk of ESI than the @entity8 group, irrespective of @entity479 dose. When the analysis was stratified by tapering regimen, the difference in ESI risks was seen only in the nontapering group and the @entity8 group; the tapering group had a similar risk of ESI as that of the @entity8 group. CONCLUSIONS: The present study first addresses the risks of @entity298 and ESI together and then raises awareness of the high risk that should be considered after using high-dose @entity230 or the nontapering regimen in the DAGL @entity1 .

title: @entity479 Use and Infectious Complication in Peritoneal Dialysis After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'transplant-naive']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Transplant Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2484 Pollen ( @entity14217 ) and Astragalus genus are used in some countries for the treatment of @entity249 . OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate effects of @entity14217 and Astragalus ovinus (A.Ovinus) on fertility in healthy adult male @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity35 were divided into six groups (n=6) including control and five treatment groups. @entity14217 (120, 240 and 360 mg/kg) and A.ovinus (100, 500 mg/ kg) were orally given to the treatment groups. After thirty-five days, blood samples were taken to determine serum levels of FSH, LH, @entity251 and @entity53 . Weight of testis and epididymis, sperm count, sperm motility, seminiferous tubules diameter (STD), germinal cell layer thickness (GCLT), sertoli, leydig and spermatogonia cells were also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity14217 at the of 120 and 240 mg/kg doses significantly raised the ratio of testis or epididymis to body weight, sperm count, sperm motility , and @entity53 level compared to the control group (p<0.05). LH and @entity251 levels only noticeably increased at 120 mg/kg of @entity14217 (p<0.01 and p<0.001 respectively). STD increased in the three applied doses (p=0.001). A. ovinus extract at the indicated doses produced a significant reduction in the ratio of testis or epididymis to body weight and sperm motility (p<0.05). Sperm count, spermatogonia, leydig cells and FSH level decreased at dose of 500 mg/kg. Furthermore, GCLT, spermatogonia cells, and serum @entity53 level increased at 100 mg/kg dose of A. ovinus. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that @entity14217 could improve fertility factors, while A.ovinus can exhibit deleterious effects on gonad and sperm parameters in @entity35 .

title: Effects of @entity2484 pollen ( @entity2484 .) and Astragalus ovinus on sperm parameters and sex hormones in adult male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: @entity53 -induced male @entity329 @entity105 is a well-known experimental model of @entity1 @entity0 . The pathomechanism postulated in this model is 4-hydroxylation of @entity53 and further free radical formation. The same process is suspected in @entity1 @entity0 . Dynamic changes in protein peroxidation were reported during the @entity5 induction. In this paper we try to correlate the protein peroxidation markers with the histopathological progression of the changes. The biochemical and histopathological evaluations were performed after 1, 3, 6 and 9 months of the hormone exposition. Significant protein peroxidation was observed as soon as after 1 month and increased further until the 6th month. After 9 months however, it was not significantly different from the control. The discrete histopathological changes after 1 month, progressed into tubular and @entity1373 after 3 and 6 months. After 9 months several @entity6349 , sometimes with features of @entity189 in situ, were observed. The severe 9-month histopathological changes did not correlate with the protein peroxidation.

title: The correlation of protein peroxidation with morphological changes in experimental XXXX -induced @entity105 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'cancer of the breast, ovary and uterus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', 'Oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic areas']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['oestradiol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a tool in identifying traumatized @entity1 at low risk of @entity174 and to determine the sensitivity of this low-risk model for @entity174 . We hypothesized that the proportion of @entity1 without predictors with @entity174 is less than 1%. METHODS: This is a retrospective @entity130 registry analysis of previously healthy @entity1 1 year to 17 years old presenting to the pediatric emergency department with @entity130 . Postulated predictors of @entity174 on radiograph or computed tomography included @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip, @entity85 , @entity811 , abdominal @entity158 /tenderness, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score of 13 or lower, and @entity1344 . We used multivariable logistic regression to identify independent predictors of @entity174 . RESULTS: Of 1,121 eligible @entity1 (mean [SD] age, 8.5 [4.6] years), 87 (7.8%) had @entity174 . Independent predictors included @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip (odds ratio [OR], 16.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.6-29.1), @entity811 (OR, 6.6; 95% CI, 3.0-14.6), @entity85 (OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 3.1-11.3), GCS score of 13 or lower (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.3-4.3), and @entity1344 (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.7-6.9). One of 590 @entity1 (0.2%; 95% CI, 0-0.5%) without predictors had @entity174 versus 86 (16.2%) of 531 in those with one or more predictors (OR, 119; 95% CI, 16.6-833). One of 87 @entity1 with @entity174 had no predictors (1.1%; 95% CI, 0-3%). When assuming a 100% radiography rate, this tool saves 53% pelvic radiographs. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with multiple @entity130 without @entity158 /abnormal examination result of the pelvis/hip, @entity85 , @entity811 , abdominal @entity158 /tenderness, GCS score of 13 or lower, or @entity1344 constitute a low-risk population for @entity174 , with less than 0.5% risk rate. This population does not require routine pelvic imaging. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.

title: Which pediatric XXXX @entity1 do not require pelvic imaging?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture', 'pelvic fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['femur deformity', 'femoral deformity']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: @entity170 is a global public health problem currently affecting more than 200 million @entity1 worldwide. Major research efforts are being made to improve the outcomes for @entity1 with @entity170 . However, the treatment of @entity174 associated with @entity170 remains unsatisfactory. Animal models continue to be an important tool for establishing strategies to treat @entity3604 , and various methods of inducing @entity170 have been used. Investigators must select a model that best reflects the clinical problem being studied, and the underlying pathophysiology of the @entity170 in the target @entity1 group. In particular a model for @entity14577 should mimic a fall in @entity2931 and rise in osteoclast activity observed with this condition, whereas a model for @entity170 should mimic the fall in osteoblast activity. Unfortunately, there is no single all-encompassing model that precisely imitates the underlying @entity170 or the @entity174 patterns seen in @entity1 . As such the choice of species and model must be individualised to the scientific question being addressed. This article summarises general considerations when choosing an @entity3604 model and outlines existing models of @entity170 . The most appropriate model in a range of @entity3604 research scenarios are subsequently considered.

title: Main differences in XXXX models: which should I use?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['Type I post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', "type II 'senile' osteoporosis", 'osteoporosis']

answer: @entity3604 :: (MESH:D058866,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Identification of mutations in the downstream @entity470 ( @entity470 ) signaling pathway could provide important insights of @entity470 -targeted therapies in @entity14 . We analyzed the mutation spectra of the @entity10412 / @entity983 / @entity584 and RAS/ @entity8496 /MAPK pathways in @entity14 and the associations of these mutations with sites of @entity3 or recurrence. METHODS: The study population comprised 1,492 retrospectively collected stages I-IV @entity14 specimens. Tissue was obtained between 2000 and 2010 at a single hospital. We analyzed 61 hot spots using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for nucleic acid analysis. RESULTS: Mutations were found in the RAS pathway in 47.3% of @entity1 and in the @entity10412 pathway in 14.3% of @entity1 , with 9.2% of @entity1 carrying mutations in both pathways. Both the RAS and @entity10412 pathway mutations were significantly associated with proximal @entity5 , @entity5 , and microsatellite instability. @entity5 carrying a RAS pathway mutation exhibited a higher frequency of lung and peritoneal @entity3 than did @entity5 with a wild-type gene (P   =   0.025 and 0.009, respectively). @entity8497 gene mutation was significantly associated with lung @entity3 (P   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Somatic mutations in the RAS pathway of the @entity5 in @entity14 can influence patterns of @entity3 and recurrence.

title: Mutations in the RAS and @entity10412 pathways are associated with metastatic location in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous tumors', 'Tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: RATIONALE: High demand for @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) services and limited bed availability have prompted hospitals to address capacity planning challenges. Simulation modeling can examine @entity1213 bed assignment policies, accounting for @entity1 acuity, to reduce @entity1213 admission delays. OBJECTIVES: To provide a framework for data-driven modeling of @entity1213 @entity1 flow, identify key measurable outcomes, and present illustrative analysis demonstrating the impact of various bed allocation scenarios on outcomes. METHODS: A description of key inputs for constructing a queuing model was outlined, and an illustrative simulation model was developed to reflect current triage protocol within the medical @entity1213 and step-down unit (SDU) at a single tertiary-care hospital. @entity1 acuity, arrival rate, and unit length of stay, consisting of a "service time" and "time to transfer," were estimated from 12 months of retrospective data (n   =   2,710 adult @entity1 ) for 36 @entity1213 and 15 SDU staffed beds. @entity1 priority was based on acuity and whether the @entity1 originated in the emergency department. The model simulated the following hypothetical scenarios: (1) varied @entity1213 /SDU sizes, (2) reserved @entity1213 beds as a triage strategy, (3) lower targets for time to transfer out of the @entity1213 , and (4) @entity1213 expansion by up to four beds. Outcomes included @entity1213 admission wait times and unit occupancy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: With current bed allocation, simulated wait time averaged 1.13 (SD, 1.39) hours. Reallocating all SDU beds as @entity1213 decreased overall wait times by 7.2% to 1.06 (SD, 1.39) hours and increased bed occupancy from 80 to 84%. Reserving the last available bed for acute @entity1 reduced wait times for acute @entity1 from 0.84 (SD, 1.12) to 0.31 (SD, 0.30) hours, but tripled subacute @entity1 ' wait times from 1.39 (SD, 1.81) to 4.27 (SD, 5.44) hours. Setting transfer times to wards for all @entity1213 /SDU @entity1 to 1 hour decreased wait times for incoming @entity1213 @entity1 , comparable to building one to two additional @entity1213 beds. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital queuing and simulation modeling with empiric data inputs can evaluate how changes in @entity1213 bed assignment could impact unit occupancy levels and @entity1 wait times. Trade-offs associated with dedicating resources for acute @entity1 versus expanding capacity for all @entity1 can be examined.

title: A Conceptual Framework for Improving Critical Care XXXX Flow and Bed Use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1337 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur is usually insufficient as physician usually relies on parental @entity1337 in such situations. Local anesthetic blockade of femoral nerve to provide @entity1337 in @entity174 shaft femur is an under-used technique. We conducted a study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ) with 0.5% @entity1342 for acute @entity158 relief in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 50 @entity1 were studied as they present in an emergency ward. All @entity1 received an @entity2096 with 15 ml of 0.5% @entity1342 . The onset of block, duration of @entity1337 , @entity1 's acceptance after 24 h together with the effect of block were assessed. RESULTS: The onset of @entity1337 occurred in 5.34    1.10 min after the block. @entity158 scores decreased significantly from 9.12    0.9, preblock visual analog scale (VAS) score to 1.84    1.25, VAS score at 10 min after the block (P < 0.001). The quality of @entity1337 did not change when @entity1 underwent radiological examination (38.9    5.22 min after block) and traction application (69.4    8.98 min after block). The duration of @entity1337 observed was 227    63.99 min. @entity1 acceptance after 24 h of @entity2096 was good in 86% @entity1 . There were no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that in the emergency ward, rapid, effective, and long lasting @entity1337 can be achieved by safe and simple @entity2096 in @entity1 with @entity174 shaft femur.

title: XXXX for acute @entity158 relief in @entity174 shaft femur in an emergency ward.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve block', 'FNB']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['Femoral nerve block']


abstract: SUMMARY: Improved diagnostic methods and medical therapies are necessary for early detection and treatment and an improved prognosis. It is thus vital to both examine and evaluate the role of the various existing proteins as biomarkers in @entity105 and to assess the contribution of these proteins in anti- @entity5 activity, for consideration in therapeutic strategies. It is essential to both examine and evaluate the role of the various existing proteins as biomarkers in @entity105 and to assess the contribution of these proteins in anti- @entity5 activity, for consideration in therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is twofold. Firstly, it is to evaluate recent data about which proteins can be utilized as biomarkers in @entity105 . The proteins reviewed include: @entity72014 , @entity650 , CCN, and S100. Secondly, it is to evaluate the contribution of dietary proteins in @entity5 activity. Specifically, how whey protein, soy proteins and lectin, a phytochemical could be useful in @entity5 prevention and treatment. RECENT FINDINGS: Whey protein, present in dairy products, is an excellent source of the sulphur amino acid cysteine, the rate limiting substrate in @entity2041 synthesis. Notably, this protein survives digestion and has been shown to have anti-carcinogenic properties in animal studies. Lectins are phytochemicals present in plant foods, and have active components which alters @entity5 initiation, promotion and progression. Lectins have been characterized as a useful tool in biochemistry, cell biology, immunology and in diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in @entity5 research. Soy proteins contain various compounds, including @entity6400 , protease inhibitors and protein kinase inhibitors, which have been proven effective in @entity5 growth inhibition. They have therefore, been greatly emphasized in @entity5 prevention and treatment. It has been proved that soy food consumption was associated with decreased risk of @entity204 and recurrence of @entity0 . @entity72014 is a recently discovered protein whose main role is to transport C1P, a pro-inflammatory molecule. The discovery of @entity72014 may shine a light on the mechanism of inflammatory diseases, and hopefully offer a potential target for therapeutic purposes in @entity5 research. @entity650 is a multifunctional cytokine that affects the activity of @entity5 cells. It is involved in @entity5 growth, and elevated levels is associated with an increased risk of @entity5 . S100B is a well-established biomarker for @entity320 , and useful in assessing @entity5 load, stage and prognosis for @entity1 with this disease. Other members of this family of proteins include @entity12848 , which has been associated with several @entity5 and @entity13063 , which has been found to be decreased in some @entity5 . CCN are a group of regulatory proteins, located in the extracellular matrix (maricellular). They are involved in cellular adhesion, mitogenesis, chemotaxis, cell survival, and wound healing. CCN proteins are also able to modulate the signals of several proteins, which may also influence skeletal development and angiogenesis. Many of the functions of these proteins are thus also related to @entity5 growth. Furthermore, CCN interacts with @entity172 in the development of @entity5 , and is implicated in some @entity5344 .

title: Use of proteins as biomarkers and their role in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A number of reports indicated that @entity875 or @entity16511 overexpression represented a negative prognostic factor in several @entity1 @entity5 . In @entity259 tissues a deregulated expression of Aurora kinases has been also demonstrated, butno information regarding its possible prognostic role in differentiated @entity259 is available. Here, weevaluated @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA expression and its prognostic relevance in a series of 87 @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ), with a median follow-up of 63 months. The analysis of @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA levels in @entity3557 tissues, compared to normal matched tissues, revealed that their expression was either up- or down-regulatedin the majority of @entity5 tissues. In particular, @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNA levels were altered, respectively, in 55 (63.2%) and 79 (90.8%) out of the 87 @entity3557 analyzed.A significant positive correlation between @entity875 and @entity16511 mRNAswas observed (p=0.001). The expression of both Aurora genes was not affected by the BRAFV600E mutation. Univariate, multivariate and Kaplan-Mayer analyses documented the lack of association between @entity875 or @entity16511 expression and clinicopathological parameterssuch as gender, age, @entity5 size, histology, TNM stage, lymph node @entity3 and @entity817 status as well asdisease recurrences or disease-free interval. Only @entity16511 mRNA was significantly higher in T(3-4) tissues, with respect to T(1-2) @entity3557 tissues. The data reported here demonstrate that the expression of Aurora kinases is deregulated in the majority of @entity3557 tissues, likely contributing to @entity3557 progression. However, differently from other @entity1 solid cancers, detection of @entity875 or @entity16511 mRNAs is not a prognostic biomarker inPTC @entity1 .

title: Deregulated Expression of Aurora Kinases Is Not a Prognostic Biomarker in @entity3557 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary thyroid cancers', 'PTC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: The optimal local-regional treatment for @entity1 with @entity0 has not been determined. To evaluate the effectiveness of radiation therapy as local treatment for such @entity1 , the results of 192 @entity1 (five with bilateral disease) treated with radiation therapy without mastectomy between July 1, 1968 and December 31, 1981 were reviewed. Excisional biopsy (gross @entity5 removal) was performed in only 54 of the 197 breasts. @entity1 typically received 4500 to 5000 cGy in 5 weeks to the breast and draining lymph nodes; a local boost to areas of gross disease was delivered to 157 @entity1 . Multi-agent chemotherapy was given to 53 @entity1 . The median follow-up was 65 months. The actuarial probability of survival for the entire group was 41% at 5 years and 23% at 10 years. The probability of relapse-free survival (RFS) was 30% at 5 years and 19% at 10 years. The addition of multi-agent chemotherapy was associated with a significantly improved 5-year RFS (40% versus 26%, P = 0.02). The 5-year survival rate was 51% for @entity1 who received adjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy and 38% for @entity1 who did not (P = 0.16). The actuarial rate of @entity5 control (not censored for distant failure) for all @entity1 was 73% at 5 years and 68% at ten years, and the crude incidence of local-regional control was 78%. @entity5 control was principally influenced by radiation dose. @entity1 who received 6000 cGy or greater to the primary site had a better 5-year rate of control in the breast than did @entity1 who received less than 6000 cGy (83% versus 70%, P = 0.06). Significant complications were seen in 15 @entity1 (8%); these included moderate or severe arm @entity4 in six @entity1 and @entity5300 in four @entity1 . Cosmetic results at last evaluation were excellent or good in 56% of evaluable @entity1 , fair in 25%, and poor in 19%. It is concluded that high-dose radiation therapy without mastectomy is an effective means of controlling @entity5 in @entity1 with locally advanced @entity0 .

title: Primary radiation therapy for locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'Stage III breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local-regional tumor', 'Local-regional tumor']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexopathy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4499 are a major complication following percutaneous cannulations of the femoral artery. Surgical repair has been the traditional treatment modality. Recent reports have introduced duplex-guided compression as a means of nonoperative management of these injuries. We proposed to determine if duplex-guided compression of @entity2096 could be successfully performed, could be done without complication, and could maintain @entity715 on long-term follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: All @entity1 presenting with large groin @entity1410 following invasive percutaneous femoral artery procedures over a seven-month period were studied using color-flow duplex analysis. Six @entity2849 were discovered and successfully treated with duplex-guided compression. All @entity1 were then followed-up prospectively with both early and long-term repeat duplex analysis. RESULTS: All @entity1 were rescanned 72 hours later and the @entity2849 remained @entity715 . Upon returning for long-term follow-up examination, @entity1 again had duplex confirmation of @entity715 , with a mean follow-up time of 21 months (range, five to 29 months). No complications attributable to this technique have been noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the clinical usefulness of duplex-guided compression in the evaluation and treatment of iatrogenic @entity2096 .

title: Duplex-guided compression of iatrogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4499 :: ('MESH:D007049', 'Disease') :: ['Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosed', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms']

answer: @entity2096 :: (MESH:D020428,Disease) :: ['femoral pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathological mechanisms underlying @entity73 in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) are not yet fully understood and, in addition to demyelinating lesions and gray-matter @entity194 , subclinical disease activity may play a role. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contribution of asymptomatic @entity2287 -enhancing lesions to @entity73 along with gray-matter damage and @entity194 in @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-two treated @entity3780 and 30 controls were evaluated. MRI (3T) variables of interest were brain white-matter and cortical lesion load, cortical and deep gray-matter volumes, corpus callosum volume and presence of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions. Outcome variables included EDSS, @entity15 Functional Composite (MSFC) subtests and the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological tests. @entity73 was classified as deficits in two or more cognitive subtests. Multivariate regression analyses assessed the contribution of MRI metrics to outcomes. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity73 (45.2%) had more @entity75 and lower gray-matter and callosal volumes. @entity1 with subclinical MRI activity (15%) had worse cognitive performance. Clinical disability on MSFC was mainly associated with putaminal @entity194 . The main independent predictors for @entity73 were high burden of @entity75 and number of @entity2287 -enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity73 was especially related to high burden of @entity75 and subclinical disease activity. Cognitive studies in @entity15 should look over subclinical disease activity as a potential contributor to @entity73 .

title: Subclinical MRI disease activity influences cognitive performance in @entity15 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive deficits', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'callosal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Five-weekly S-1 plus @entity900 ( @entity65542 ) is one of the standard first-line regimens for advanced @entity356 ( @entity356 ), proven in a Japanese phase III study. To enhance the dose intensity of @entity900 , 3-weekly S-1 plus @entity900 ( @entity28549 ) was developed. @entity1 AND METHODS: This multicenter, randomized, open-label, phase III study evaluated whether @entity28549 (S-1 80 mg/m(2)/day on days 1-14 and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1) was noninferior/superior to @entity65542 (S-1 80-120 mg/day on days 1-21 and @entity900 60 mg/m(2) on day 1 or 8) in terms of progression-free survival (PFS). Chemotherapy-naive @entity1 with metastatic, recurrent gastric or gastroesophageal junction @entity420 were randomized 1 : 1 to receive either @entity28549 or @entity65542 . The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00915382). RESULTS: Between February 2009 and January 2012, 625 @entity1 were randomized at 42 sites in Korea and Japan. With a median follow-up duration of 32.4 months (range, 13.3-48.6 months) in surviving @entity1 , @entity28549 was not only noninferior but also superior to @entity65542 in terms of PFS [median 5.5 versus 4.9 months; hazard ratio (HR) = 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.99; P = 0.0418 for superiority). There was no difference in overall survival (OS) between the groups (median 14.1 versus 13.9 months; HR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.81-1.21; P = 0.9068). In @entity1 with measurable disease, the response rates were 60% in the @entity28549 arm and 50% in the @entity65542 arm (P = 0.065). Both regimens were generally well tolerated, but grade 3 or higher @entity417 (19% versus 9%) and @entity1398 (39% versus 9%) were more frequent in @entity28549 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity28549 is superior to @entity65542 in terms of PFS. However, since the improvement in PFS was only slight and there was no difference in OS, both @entity28549 and @entity65542 can be recommended as first-line treatments for @entity1 with advanced @entity356 .

title: Comparison of two different S-1 plus XXXX dosing schedules as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic and/or recurrent @entity356 : a multicenter, randomized phase III trial (SOS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: 108 @entity1 who received @entity2890 or @entity4509 could be evaluated for nephrotoxicity in a prospective randomized trial. Both groups had similar illnesses, and causative agents, concurrent drug administration, ages, sex ratios, initial serum @entity1011 and @entity4028 levels and total dose and duration of therapy. Using urinary concentration of @entity2262 ( @entity2262 ) as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 13 (22.4%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and 13 (26%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). Using serum @entity1011 as a marker, nephrotoxicity was detected in 3 (5.2%) of 58 @entity1 given @entity2890 and in 7 (14%) of 50 given @entity4509 (n.s.). The whole group of 108 @entity1 was used to compare the usefulness of serum @entity1011 levels versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 . An elevation of serum @entity1011 was detected in 10 of 108 @entity1 (9.3%). In 5 of these 10 @entity1 the @entity2262 remained normal, suggesting a functional @entity177 . In 21 of the 108 @entity1 (19.4%) the @entity2262 increased while the serum @entity1011 remained normal, suggesting an @entity4028 nephrotoxicity which would have remained undetected if only serum @entity1011 had been measured. In the remaining @entity1 (77 of the 108; 71.3%) serum @entity1011 and urinary concentration of @entity2262 both remained normal throughout the treatment. In conclusion no statistically significant differences were found between @entity2890 and @entity4509 nephrotoxicity. Urinary @entity2262 is more sensitive than serum @entity1011 and furthermore it allows one to differentiate @entity4028 nephrotoxicity from functional @entity177 .

title: @entity2890 and XXXX nephrotoxicity. Value of serum @entity1011 versus urinary concentration of @entity2262 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity2262 :: ('567', 'Gene') :: ['beta 2m', 'beta 2 microglobulin']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['amikacin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4509 :: (MESH:D000583,Chemical) :: ['amikacin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lung transplant recipients (LTR) at our institution receive prolonged and mostly lifelong azole antifungal (AF) prophylaxis. The impact of this prophylactic strategy on the epidemiology and outcome of invasive @entity364 (IFI) is unknown. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. We reviewed the medical records of all adult LTR from January 2002 to December 2011. Overall, 16.5% (15 of 91) of @entity1 who underwent lung transplantation during this time period developed IFI. Nineteen IFI episodes were identified (eight proven, 11 probable), 89% (17 of 19) of which developed during AF prophylaxis. LTR with @entity2416 were more likely to develop IFI (HR: 4.29; 95% CI: 1.15-15.91; p  =  0.03). A higher hazard of mortality was observed among those who developed IFI, although this was not statistically significant (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.58-4.05]; p  =  0.27). @entity54 was the most common cause of IFI (45%), with @entity358 being the most common site of infection. None of our @entity1 developed disseminated @entity3 , @entity364 . IFI continue to occur in LTR, and the eradication of IFI appears to be challenging even with prolonged prophylaxis. Azole resistance is uncommon despite prolonged AF exposure.

title: Epidemiology of invasive XXXX in lung transplant recipients on long-term azole antifungal prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'cryptococcal or endemic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity54 :: ('746128', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus fumigatus']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: Eight @entity1 with @entity5513 were treated using a novel method developed at our institution for delivering fractionated stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FS-IMRT). We present treatment parameters, dosimetry analysis, and preliminary clinical outcome. The method incorporates high-precision invasive fixation, obliquely-oriented tomotherapy arcs, and reduced dimension pencil beams. The delivered dose distributions for the 8 @entity1 treated from April 1999 to May 2001 were assessed for dose conformality, homogeneity, and doses to organs at risk. Total doses prescribed were 54 Gy in daily doses of 1.8 Gy. Results show that the median planning target volume (gross @entity5 volume plus a safety margin of 2 mm) was 2.48 cm3 (1.64 to 16.86 cm3) and that the median conformality and homogeneity indices were 1.69 (1.56 to 2.16) and 1.12 (1.09 to 1.19), respectively. The respective average mean and maximum doses to the brain stem were 12.67 Gy and 53.86 Gy. The treatment parameters for the novel FS-IMRT method developed here document excellent dose conformality and normal tissue sparing. Preliminary short-term follow-up (mean 17, median 18.5 months) revealed a 100% local control and hearing preservation rate. No new persistent @entity21591 was observed. Our current follow-up experience indicates a reasonable potential for achieving outcomes comparable to established stereotactic radiotherapy techniques.

title: Fractionated stereotactic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FS-IMRT) for small XXXX .

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of facial and trigeminal nerve']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['acoustic neuromas']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['acoustic neuromas']


abstract: The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of Sakai Municipal Hospital. A total of 40 outpatients with @entity4013 unguium of the toenails, fingernails or both took part after giving voluntary written informed consent. Inclusion criteria were suggestive clinical appearance, a positive KOH preparation and an opaqueness of more than 50% of the nail length. The @entity1 received 125 mg @entity8974 once a day. The medication was taken after the evening meal and treatment was continued for 12 weeks. Medication stopped in twenty @entity1 who responded well and a follow-up study was continued for 64 weeks. In the other 20 @entity1 , medication was continued for 24 weeks and the follow-up study continued for 64 weeks. At 4-week intervals, the @entity1 were evaluated for their clinical and mycological statuses and adverse reactions. Clipping of distal nail samples, including any attached subungual tissue, was done using nail clippers at 4-week intervals after cessation of therapy and the level of @entity8974 was measured in the laboratory. No adverse reactions were detected. Tinea unguium of fingernails (1) and the third toes (2) were cured easily in the short term in the 12 week therapy group. One case in the 24 week therapy group was excluded because systemic @entity134 therapy was started for bullous pemphigoid at 32 weeks. The results of treatment of big toe @entity6313 were compared between the 12 week (17) and the 24 week (19). In the former group, 9 (52.9%) showed complete cure and 8 (47.1%) showed relapse or worse after cessation of therapy was. In 24 week therapy group, complete cure was achieved in 14 (73.7%) and relapse or worse in 5 (26.3%). The cure rate between the 2 groups was statistically not significant. @entity8974 was detected in the target nails up to 24 weeks after cessation of medication in both groups. @entity6313 or @entity4013 pedis reappeared in a few cases 12 to 16 weeks after medication ceased in the 12 week group. Topical antimycological therapy is necessary after cessation of oral @entity8974 .

title: [Treatment of @entity4013 unguium with XXXX : an open study comparing twelve weeks and twenty-four weeks of continuous @entity8974 therapy, and determination of @entity8974 level in the target nails].

entities_list: @entity8974 :: ('MESH:C041359', 'Chemical') :: ['Terbinafine', 'terbinafine']

entities_list: @entity6313 :: ('MESH:D014009', 'Disease') :: ['Onychomycosis', 'onychomycosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity8974 :: (MESH:C041359,Chemical) :: ['terbinafine']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: A large number of genes can cause inherited @entity2000 when mutated. It is important to identify the cause of disease for a better disease prognosis and a possible gene-specific therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of disease in families with @entity6391 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : @entity1 and family members were recruited for the study and underwent clinical evaluation and genetic analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Identification of sequence variants in genes using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: We performed exome sequencing for 4 families, which was followed by Sanger sequencing of the identified mutations in 120 ethnicity-matched @entity1 . In total, we identified 4 @entity42970 missense mutations that cause @entity6391 . Three siblings of Moroccan Jewish ancestry were compound heterozygotes for @entity72007 and @entity72008 , and 6 @entity1 belonging to 4 families of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry were homozygous for either @entity72009 or @entity72010 , or compound heterozygous for these 2 mutations. The mutations cosegregated with @entity6391 in the studied families, and the affected @entity535 residues are evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study shows that @entity42970 mutations can cause @entity6391 and highlights yet another candidate for this genetically heterogeneous condition.

title: Association Between Missense Mutations in the @entity42970 Gene and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2000 :: ('MESH:D012162', 'Disease') :: ['retinal degenerations']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa', 'retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity72007 :: ('p|SUB|A|33|D', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.A33D']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['Nonsyndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa']


abstract: This chapter is devoted to the contribution of long-term EEG and behavioral monitoring to the localization of @entity302 foci. Combined EEG and video monitoring may clarify the clinical @entity410 pattern reported by history; it may confirm or invalidate its localizing significance. It may also reveal unsuspected multiple clinical @entity410 patterns which may or may not correspond to multiple areas of @entity410 onset. The localizing evidence derived from interictal EEG abnormality provides valuable additional diagnostic information, identifying a likely area of @entity410 onset. Automatic spike recognition may improve the quality of the information provided by interictal activity by providing otherwise unavailable quantitative information. The main application of EEG monitoring is for detecting the region of @entity410 onset. This is important for the identification of @entity410 type, the differentiation between @entity302 and @entity302 and the preoperative localization of @entity410 onset. Reliable localization in @entity1 with partial @entity410 depends upon demonstration of a precise focal or regional onset of the ictal EEG changes occurring prior to or simultaneously with clinical @entity410 manifestations. Use of intracranial electrodes is indicated when monitoring with extracranial electrodes has not provided unequivocal localization of @entity410 onset. Automatic @entity410 recognition and phase analysis may again increase the yield of monitoring in localizing epileptogenic foci.

title: Localization of XXXX foci.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'non-epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']


abstract: The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) is thought to play a key role in regulating the excitability of @entity1176 (GnRH) neurons that control fertility. Using an angled, parahorizontal brain slice preparation we have undertaken a series of electrophysiological experiments to examine how the AVPV controls GnRH neurons in adult male and female @entity19 . More than half (59%) of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area were found to receive monosynaptic inputs from the AVPV in a sex-dependent manner. AVPV stimulation frequencies <1 Hz generated short-latency action potentials in GnRH neurons with @entity1246 and @entity2227 mediating >90% of the evoked fast synaptic currents. The AVPV @entity1246 input was dominant and found to excite or inhibit GnRH neurons in a cell-dependent manner. Increasing the AVPV stimulation frequency to 5-10 Hz resulted in the appearance of additional poststimulus inhibitory as well as delayed excitatory responses in GnRH neurons that were independent of ionotropic @entity535 receptors. The inhibition observed immediately following the end of the stimulation period was mediated partly by @entity1246 (B) receptors, while the delayed activation was mediated by the neuropeptide @entity32898 . The latter response was essentially absent in @entity32897 knock-out @entity19 and abolished by a @entity32897 antagonist. Together, these studies show that AVPV neurons provide direct @entity535 and neuropeptidergic inputs to GnRH neurons. Low-frequency activation generates predominant @entity1246 / @entity2227 release with higher frequency activation recruiting release of @entity32898 . This frequency-dependent release of @entity535 and neuropeptide neurotransmitters greatly expands the range of AVPV control of GnRH neuron excitability.

title: Frequency-dependent recruitment of fast XXXX and slow neuropeptide neurotransmitter release controls gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron excitability.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8863 -immobilized magnetic @entity71415 (mPHEMAH) nanoparticles were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization for cytochrome C (cyt C) purification from @entity35 liver. Elemental analysis, atomic force microscopy, zeta sizer, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to characterize mPHEMAH nanoparticles. In addition to these characterization steps, surface area, average particle size, and size distribution of mPHEMAH nanoparticles were determined. Quantity of immobilized @entity8863 was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. @entity71416 and @entity8863 content of mPHEMAH nanoparticles were 0.18 mmol/g polymer and 0.11 mmol/g polymer, respectively. Specific surface area of @entity8863 -immobilized mPHEMAH nanoparticles was 1180 m(2) /g. Effect of initial cyt C concentration, pH, temperature, and ionic strength on cyt C adsorption onto @entity8863 -immobilized mPHEMAH nanoparticles was investigated. Maximum cyt C adsorption capacity of @entity8863 -immobilized mPHEMAH nanoparticles was 311.9 mg/g polymer. Maximum adsorption was obtained at pH 8.0 and 4    C. @entity8863 -immobilized mPHEMAH nanoparticles were used ten times with 4.1% decrease in adsorption capacity. In the last stage, @entity8863 -immobilized mPHEMAH nanoparticles were used to purify cyt C from @entity35 liver tissue, and the purity of desorbed fractions was controlled by @entity214 -PAGE.

title: Metal-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles for cytochrome C purification from XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity71416 :: ('MESH:C491950', 'Chemical') :: ['N-Methacryloyl-(l)-histidinemethylester']

entities_list: @entity71415 :: ('MESH:C579323', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(hydroxyethylmethacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(l)-histidinemethylester)']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antipsychotic medication has limited abilities to improve the @entity73 that accompany @entity161 . Adding psychosocial treatment may result in marked improvements in cognitive function, as compared to antipsychotic treatment alone. We hypothesized that a combination of individual and family interventions may be a useful @entity73 paradigm for @entity161 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: An 18-month follow-up clinical trial of 256 stabilized @entity1 with @entity161 at six communities in Shanghai, @entity1 's Republic of China were randomly assigned to into either a comprehensive family therapy (CFT) group or a usual daily care (UDC) group. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were the primary outcome instruments for this study. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the CFT and UDC for all demographic characteristics at the baseline assessment. During the 18-month follow-up observation, changes in RBANS total score indicated that @entity1 undergoing CFT showed greater improvement from baseline to the follow-up assessments in cognitive function than those in the UDC group (F=9.77, P=0.002). Post hoc analysis showed that the CFT group presented with significant differences in the RBANS total score, immediate memory, visuospatial skill, language, attention, and delayed memory sections compared with the UDC after 18 months of follow-up (all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that CFT can be easily adapted and may prove to be an effective approach for improving cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity161 . Our program provides a potential paradigm for @entity73 for @entity161 @entity1 in the community.

title: Comprehensive family therapy: an effective approach for @entity73 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairments', 'cognitive rehabilitation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With increasing numbers of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), it is important to identify noninvasive methods of detecting disease activity. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal rapid calprotectin (FC) testing in the detection of endoscopically active @entity29 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 presenting to outpatient clinics with @entity344 were prospectively recruited. @entity1 provided FC samples. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for FC were calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the ideal FC cutoff that predicts @entity66 activity. Correlation between FC and @entity66 activity, disease location, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were measured. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six @entity1 , of whom 52% were females, were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 44.4    16.7 years. Comparing FC to endoscopic findings, the following results were calculated: A cutoff point of 100  g/g showed Sn = 83%, Sp = 67%, @entity2286 = 65%, and NPV = 85%; and 200  g/g showed Sn = 66%, Sp = 82%, @entity2286 = 73%, and NPV = 77%. Based on ROC curve, the best FC cutoff point to predict @entity66 activity was 140  g/g. Using this reference, FC levels strongly correlated with @entity14 and predicted endoscopic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FC is an accurate test when used as an initial screening tool for @entity1 suspected of having active @entity29 . Given its noninvasive nature, it may prove to reduce the need for colonoscopy and be an added tool in the management of @entity29 .

title: Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for @entity66 activity in XXXX : A diagnostic cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, ileocolonic, and ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity232 , a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of the parasites by smear and culture or its identification in tissue section. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological @entity272 in @entity4536 cases in Antalya, @entity233 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study included 28 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4536 at the Pathology Department of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Histopathological sections were stained with @entity6175 - @entity1711 , Giemsa or Leishman for visual examination of cellular components by two dermatopathologists. The epidermal ( @entity3594 , @entity8286 , @entity194 , lymphocytic exocytosis) and dermal changes that may indicate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and @entity738 formation were investigated. The parasitic load was classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index. RESULTS: Out of 28 cases, 11 had hyperparakeratosis, 17 had orthokeratosis, 20 had @entity3594 , 4 had epidermal @entity194 , and 7 had exocytosis. Typical epithelioid cell @entity738 with giant cells and a rim of lymphocytes were present in 16 cases. Leishman-Donovan bodies were extremely rare in typical @entity75 . The other 12 cases showed lymphohistiositic infiltration, giant cells and prominent plasma cells. There were numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in these lesions. CONCLUSION: We investigated the epidermal and dermal changes that would facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of @entity4536 in this study. We found that @entity194 , @entity3594 , and orthokeratosis were early stage indicators, while exocytosis, hyperparakeratosis, and @entity194 were indicative of late stage disease.

title: Clinicopathological evaluation of @entity4536 in the mediterranean region of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas', 'granuloma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneus leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity3594 :: ('MESH:D000052', 'Disease') :: ['acanthosis']

entities_list: @entity8286 :: ('MESH:D010241', 'Disease') :: ['hyper-parakeratosis']

entities_list: @entity4536 :: ('MESH:D016773', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['Haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: @entity6 is generally accompanied by abnormal levels of growth hormone and adrenal @entity230 , hormones known to modulate postpneumonectomy (post-PNX) compensatory lung growth. Thus, we examined the possibility that @entity6 may affect post-PNX lung growth processes. Left PNX was performed in young @entity6 @entity35 ( @entity3839 -induced; 75 mg/kg body weight) (DM-PNX) and in control @entity35 (C-PNX), for comparison with sham-operated control @entity35 (C-SHAM). The @entity35 were permitted free access to food and water. Examination at day 7 after surgery showed that right lung absolute dry weight and absolute DNA, collagen and @entity4116 contents were increased in C-PNX and DM-PNX @entity35 (but only C-PNX values reached those of both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 ). Body weights (BW) of DM-PNX @entity35 were lower than those of C-PNX and C-SHAM @entity35 . Lung DNA/BW in C-PNX and DM-PNX @entity35 were comparable, and matched values for both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 . Lung dry weight/BW, collagen/BW, and @entity4116 /BW in DM-PNX @entity35 exceeded values in C-PNX @entity35 and even more for values of both lungs in C-SHAM @entity35 . Data of another experiment, comparing DM-PNX @entity35 with body weight-matched (by food limitation) PNX and control @entity35 (WMC-PNX and WMC-SHAM @entity35 , respectively) indicated comparable lung absolute DNA contents in DM-PNX and WMC-PNX @entity35 (which matched values for both lungs in WMC-SHAM @entity35 ), however, lung absolute collagen and elastic contents were greater in the DM-PNX @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity3839 -induced XXXX on postpneumonectomy lung growth and connective tissue levels.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Photodynamic therapy is a potentially curative method with the best cost/effectiveness ratio in early stage @entity5 . A two-phase study on long-term results of photodynamic therapy for T1N0M0 @entity1820 was started in 1988: the first phase was connected with application of pure @entity3838 Hp/5 (Italy) while the second one was associated with application of a Bulgarian @entity3838 derivative HEMATODREX. The aim of the study is to report the 5 and 10-year survival. METHODOLOGY: @entity1 under study should never received any kind of antitumor and immunostimulant treatment prior to photodynamic therapy or in the course of the follow-up. Any cause of @entity204 in @entity1 under study should be confirmed by a hospital autopsy protocol. Follow-up until the end of the 5th year was carried out by means of regular check ups, while between the 5th and the 10th year by means of yearly questionnaires by mail. Thirteen cases entirely fulfilled the requirements of the study, 10 cases in the first phase and three cases in the second one. RESULTS: Crude survival rate was 128.0 months (approx. 10 years and 8 months) and the @entity5 -related mortality reached 7.7%. Three-year survival reached 100.0% while the 5-year survival was 92.3%. Longest survival was observed in the first phase--163.0 months (approx. 13 years and 7 months) with @entity5 rate of 10.0%. The second phase group is still under follow-up with a promise for better results. CONCLUSIONS: The future belongs to real radical photodynamic therapy used in early stages as a more natural and organ-preserving method.

title: Long-term results after photodynamic therapy (PDT) of T1N0M0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related death', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3838 :: ('MESH:D006415', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal (GI) tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data from experimental studies suggest that @entity2390 , the long acting @entity1943 analogue, improves survival of animals with @entity788 . To assess the antitumour effect of @entity2390 , a randomized trial was performed comparing @entity2390 with supportive care in advanced @entity788 @entity1 . All @entity1 , aged 59-75 years, were not liable to radical surgical treatment and were not submitted to other treatments (chemo and/or radiotherapy). METHODS: Six @entity1 were enrolled, 4 of these treated with @entity2390 (500 micrograms two times a day subcutaneous for six months) and the other 2 were inserted a control group. RESULTS: The @entity1 treated with @entity2390 showed a significant advantage in quality of life (restored appetite, improvement of digestion and intestine function, remission of @entity490 and preservation of baseline body weight) with a mean > 80 of karnofsky performance score. Monitoring of @entity5 size changes (US-TC) over the 6 months study period, showed slackened @entity5 in all treated @entity1 , whereas @entity5 grew according to an almost exponential trend in untreated @entity1 . Also survival was better in treated @entity1 : in particular, 2 @entity1 out of 4 who completed the study underwent follow-up until they died 12 and 16 months after beginning of treatment, respectively. Karnofsky performance score was particularly high in both @entity1 . This supports the view that @entity2390 is endowed with antiproliferative activity. CONCLUSION: In conclusion @entity2390 therapy seems to confer a survival benefit and a better quality of life in advanced @entity5 . Additional studies are needed to confirm these results and to clarify other questions about dose and @entity1943 receptors in this kind of @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity788 . Preliminary study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumour', 'neoplastic growth', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2390 :: (MESH:D015282,Chemical) :: ['Octreotide']