abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity302 is a severe @entity16 characterized by altered electrical activity in the brain. Important pathophysiological mechanisms include disturbed metabolism and homeostasis of major excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, @entity3264 and @entity1246 . Current drug treatments are largely aimed at decreasing neuronal excitability and thereby preventing the occurrence of @entity410 . However, many @entity1 are refractory to treatment and side effects are frequent. @entity1315 ( @entity1315 ) is the most common type of drug-resistant @entity302 in adults. In rodents, the @entity2134 - @entity159 model reflects the pathology and @entity1315 and the @entity5093 kindling model exhibits chronic induced limbic @entity410 . Accumulating evidence from studies on @entity1315 points to alterations in astrocytes and neurons as key metabolic changes. The present review describes interventions which alleviate these disturbances in astrocyte-neuronal interactions by supporting mitochondrial metabolism. The compounds discussed are the endogenous transport molecule @entity4162 and the @entity412 of @entity49065 , @entity26543 . Both provide @entity16374 moieties for oxidation in the @entity6626 cycle whereas @entity49065 is also provides @entity19722 , which after carboxylation can produce @entity16740 , resulting in anaplerosis-the refilling of the @entity6626 cycle.

title: Modification of Astrocyte Metabolism as an Approach to the Treatment of XXXX : @entity26543 and @entity4162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity16740 :: ('MESH:C012046', 'Chemical') :: ['succinyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity5093 :: ('MESH:D010433', 'Chemical') :: ['pentylenetetrazole']

entities_list: @entity4162 :: ('MESH:D000108', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-L-carnitine']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal lobe epilepsy', 'TLE', 'chronic spontaneous seizures of TLE']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity19722 :: ('MESH:C009061', 'Chemical') :: ['propionyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity26543 :: ('MESH:C531010', 'Chemical') :: ['triheptanoin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity49065 :: ('CHEBI:32362', 'Chemical') :: ['heptanoate']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: This is the second in a series of papers that describes the use of a sensitive microculture procedure to investigate the transmitter status of sympathetic neurons. Cultured immature principal neurons, dissociated from the superior cervical @entity21 of newborn @entity35 , are known to be plastic with respect to transmitter status; under certain culture conditions, populations of neurons that display (at least) adrenergic properties at the outset can be induced to display a variety of cholinergic properties, including the formation of functional neuron-neuron cholinergic synapses, as adrenergic properties decline. With the microculture procedure described in the preceding paper (Furshpan et al., 1986a), we have examined the transmitter status of individual neonate-derived neurons during this transition. Many such neurons secreted both @entity1063 and @entity1617 (adrenergic/cholinergic dual function); examination of such neurons with the EM revealed a mixed population of synaptic vesicles. Direct evidence for a transition via this dual status was obtained by serial physiological assays of 14 neurons. The neonate-derived neurons were markedly heterogeneous in the rate of change of transmitter status. Principal neurons derived from adult superior cervical @entity21 also displayed dual status, but the incidence was lower than in neonate-derived neurons cultured for similar periods. In preliminary serial assays of adult-derived neurons, many of the neurons did not acquire detectable cholinergic function, but in two cases evidence consistent with plasticity was obtained. While it is known that several types of neurons will form functional junctions in the presence of agents that block electrical activity, sympathetic principal neurons have apparently not been tested. In microculture, neuron-neuron synapses and junctions with cardiac myocytes were formed by sympathetic neurons grown chronically in the presence of blocking concentrations of @entity4524 and @entity4033 .

title: Synaptic functions in XXXX sympathetic neurons in microcultures. II. Adrenergic/cholinergic dual status and plasticity.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the characteristics of @entity1 with @entity1478 changed as minimally invasive modalities for diagnosis and surgical treatment were integrated to our clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pathologic reports of all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1478 in 1990 (220 @entity1 ) and 1996 (386 @entity1 ) were reviewed. The respective medical records were reviewed for anthropomorphic factors, bleeding pattern, diagnosis, and modality of surgical removal. Comparisons of dichotomous data and analysis of nominal variables with two or more categories were carried out with the chi(2) test. RESULTS: Differences in @entity1 characteristics or pattern of bleeding were minimal. In both groups, @entity1478 were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity548 , reaching almost 80%. Diagnostic and therapeutic modalities were significantly different in 1990 vs. 1996. Diagnosis by ultrasound increased fivefold (3.6 vs. 16.8%) and operative hysteroscopy increased threefold (6.4 vs. 19.7). The frequency of incidental diagnosis of @entity1478 at the time of hysterectomy decreased significantly. The most frequent modality of surgery done in 1990 was dilatation and curettage (44.6%), followed in frequency by endometrial biopsy and abdominal hysterectomy. In contrast, the most frequent modality in 1996 was hysteroscopic resection (36.8%), followed by dilatation and curettage (12.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and treatment of @entity1478 has not changed the overall @entity1 population with this lesion.

title: Does the introduction of new technology change population demographics? Minimally invasive technologies and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal bleeding']

answer: @entity1478 :: (MESH:D014591,Disease) :: ['endometrial polyps']


abstract: Adrenochromaffin cells have been shown to physiologically synthesize and secrete @entity4545 . We have thus hypothesized that excessive intraadrenal @entity4545 production may be involved in the pathogenesis of primary @entity699 . In this report we describe a case of @entity699 due to bilateral adrenocortical macronodular @entity1373 associated with suppression of plasma @entity4545 levels. HPLC analysis of adrenal tissue extracts revealed the presence of a peptide coeluting with bioactive @entity4545 . Immunohistochemical studies showed that @entity4545 immunoreactivity was detectable in a subpopulation of steroidogenic cells, but not in chromaffin cells. @entity4545 -positive cells were also labeled by antibodies against relaxin-like factor, a marker of Leydig cells. The presence of @entity4545 in the hyperplastic tissue resulted from local expression of the gene encoding the @entity4545 precursor proopiomelanocortin. Finally, @entity1373 fragments, contrary to normal adrenal cortex explants, appeared to release in vitro measurable amounts of @entity4545 . In conclusion, this observation shows that @entity699 associated with suppressed plasma @entity4545 levels may be dependent upon @entity4545 produced within adrenocortical tissue. The term @entity4545 -independent used to designate primary @entity699 may therefore be inappropriate in some cases of bilateral macronodular @entity774 with @entity699 and undetectable plasma @entity4545 levels.

title: Intraadrenal adrenocorticotropin production in a case of bilateral macronodular XXXX causing @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndromes", "Cushing's syndrome", 'hypercortisolism', "adrenal Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: We report a rare case of advanced @entity1358 which showed complete resolution of multiple @entity3 following nephrectomy, partial metastatectomy and interferon therapy. A 55-year-old male @entity1 underwent right nephrectomy for the @entity1358 with @entity3 to the right lung and the left femur. In 45 days from the nephrectomy, @entity3 to the right humerus was discovered. Immediately after this, the @entity1 suffered occlusive ileus. Laparotomy revealed multiple @entity4056 , and a temporary partial jejunotomy was performed for the detectable lesions proved to be @entity3 later. After this operation the @entity358 revealed regression. Then, the @entity1 was treated with daily intramuscular administration of @entity1 lymphoblastic interferon (3 X 10(6) units). In consequence, the @entity358 showed complete resolution in two months and the humeral lesion in five months. The left femur which remained osteolytic was replaced by an artificial bone, and revealed no @entity5 cells histologically. No evidence of metastatic lesion has been found with following intestinal examinations. More than a year has passed since the detection of disease and complete response has persisted for three months under the interferon therapy.

title: [A case of complete resolution of multiple @entity3 of advanced @entity1358 following partial jejunotomy in intestinal XXXX and interferon therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Thermal inactivation of @entity1641 liver @entity167 dehydrogenase (LADH) exhibits the following biphasic kinetics A = Afast.e-Kfast.t + Aslow.e-Kslow.t Where A is the per cent residual activity at time t,Afast and Aslow are amplitudes (expressed as % of initial activity) and kfast and kslow first-order rate constants of the fast and slow phases, respectively. For apoenzyme, Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity under all conditions of temperature and pH. On the addition of a substrate or coenzyme ligand, there is a ligand concentration-dependent increase in per cent Aslow and a decrease in kslow. At sufficiently high ligand concentration, the entire time-course of inactivation can be described as a single exponential decay. The variations of per cent Aslow and of kslow with ligand concentration are consistent with the existence of two binding sites of different ligand affinities. Inactivation of LADH by excess @entity1098 also exhibits a similar biphasic kinetics with Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity. Addition of @entity1068 or @entity2125 + brings about a concentration-dependent decrease in kfast and kslow without affecting amplitudes of the two phases. The @entity2125 concentration-dependence of this decrease is consistent with a single dissociation constant for the coenzyme. Inactivation of @entity375 @entity167 dehydrogenase by heat or excess @entity1098 can be represented as a single exponential decay of activity under all conditions of temperature and pH in the absence as well as presence of @entity1068 or @entity2125 +. Implications of these results for the molecular symmetry of the two oligomeric enzymes in solution are discussed.

title: Effect of substrates and coenzymes on the molecular symmetry-related properties of @entity1641 liver and @entity375 XXXX dehydrogenases.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Parents frequently give over-the-counter @entity1443 ( @entity1443 ) during childhood illness. This study aims at exploring parents' use of this medicine in relation to their management of common childhood illnesses and the impact on the family. METHODS: Parents of pre-school aged @entity1 were asked open-ended questions about their perceptions of illness, its impact on the family, the use of @entity1443 and sources of medical information. The interviews were audiotaped. The transcribed text was condensed and different views and opinions were identified for each question. The parents were recruited from six Norwegian public health centres during a questionnaire study on the use of @entity1443 among their @entity1 . Volunteering parents supplied their name and telephone number for further contact. A strategic sample of 24 parents was selected for interviews according to their responses to the questionnaire and family characteristics. RESULTS: Parents recognized illness among their @entity1 either intuitively or by taking notice of specific signs or symptoms. @entity221 was considered a definite sign of illness, almost congruent with the disease itself. Some parents acknowledged that low or moderate fever reflected a battle between the body and the disease-causing organism. High or rapidly increasing fever, however, was frequently looked upon as dangerous. Mothers preferred to stay close to their @entity1 during illness and postponed other duties. Inexperienced parents felt particularly anxious and helpless since they often found the severity of the illness difficult to judge. Administration of @entity1443 gave parents the feeling of mastery. The medicine was also used to calm down the @entity1 enabling sleep and rest for the whole family. Some parents were generally interested in information about @entity1 diseases, others were only eager to know more about it during periods of illness, and some parents were not interested as they felt information only caused more @entity148 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity221 was often judged to cause discomfort and danger. Thus antipyretics like @entity1443 were regarded as a medicine counteracting disease. @entity1443 constituted an important tool for parents in managing different upsets during childhood illnesses. Information was not always wanted. Better knowledge about the significance of fever and how to handle @entity1 during common illnesses might need to be presented in a context familiar to parents, for instance, in relation to general information on childcare.

title: Childhood illnesses and the use of @entity1443 ( XXXX ): a qualitative study of parents' management of common childhood illnesses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['Paracetamol', 'paracetamol', 'acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: Functional recovery with surgical revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium has not been compared with its nonsurgical counterpart in experimental preparations of @entity1563 . This study compares the functional and metabolic recovery of ischemic (1 hr @entity1563 ) segments revascularized either by restoration of coronary patency (simulating nonsurgical recanalization, e.g., angioplasty) or by surgical revascularization with multidose hypothermic @entity972 blood cardioplegic solution. Twenty-two anesthetized open-chest @entity235 were instrumented with Millar micromanometer-tip catheters to measure left ventricular and aortic pressures. Piezoelectric ultrasonic dimension gauges were implanted in the subendocardium supplied by the left anterior descending coronary artery to measure segmental contractile function. In five @entity235 , only biopsy samples were obtained for control measurements of @entity855 , @entity1734 , and tissue water content. In the remaining 17 @entity235 , the left anterior descending artery and collaterals were ligated for 1 hr. The ligatures were removed in eight @entity235 and coronary perfusion continued for 2 hr, simulating nonsurgical reperfusion. The remaining nine @entity235 were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass and the hearts were arrested for 1 hr with multidose (every 20 min) blood cardioplegic solution enhanced with @entity2227 and @entity492 , simulating surgical revascularization (coronary artery bypass grafting). The coronary ligatures were not released until the second cardioplegic infusion, simulating graft placement. One hour of @entity1563 placed 39.4 +/- 2.5% of the left ventricle at risk, and converted active systolic shortening to persistent paradoxical bulging (25.2 +/- 2.2% to -5.8 +/- 1.2% systolic shortening).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immediate functional recovery and avoidance of reperfusion injury with surgical revascularization of short-term XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['coronary occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study we aimed to evaluate the effect of lowering the cut point of the 2010 criteria to identify more @entity1 with @entity309 among early inflammatory @entity625 @entity1 . METHODS: We included early @entity625 @entity1 from the Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort with at least one joint with clinical @entity603 and symptoms for <1 year, with no other explanation for their symptoms. The demographic and clinical characteristics of each @entity1 were recorded at baseline. @entity1 were classified as case or non-case at the 1-year follow-up by the definition used in the development of the 2010 criteria ( @entity6822 initiation). To assess the diagnostic performance of the 2010 criteria, the sensitivity and specificity at each cut point were determined. RESULTS: We included 557 @entity1 in our analysis. At the 1-year follow-up, 253 @entity1 (45%) were classified as case ( @entity6822 use). In the group of @entity1 who scored 0-5 points (n = 328), 98 @entity1 (30%) were classified as case ( @entity6822 use). The sensitivity and specificity of the 2010 criteria using the cut point of 6 were 61% and 76%, respectively. With the cut point of 5, the sensitivity would increase to 76% and the specificity would decrease to 68%. CONCLUSION: By lowering the cut point of the 2010 criteria from 6 to 5 points, we were able to identify 15% more @entity309 @entity1 at the cost of 8% more false-positive @entity1 .

title: Do we need to lower the cut point of the 2010 ACR/EULAR classification criteria for diagnosing XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Bone sialoprotein ( @entity16240 ) is a major non-collagenous protein found almost exclusively in bone and other mineralized tissues including enamel, dentin and cementum. Although a role for @entity16240 in mineralization has been indicated, @entity16240 also appears to function in patho-physiological processes, including the @entity3 of @entity0 cells to bone. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of @entity16240 in the homing of @entity5 cells and to provide insights into the role of @entity16240 in physiological as well as pathological processes. We established cultures of MDA-231 @entity0 cells stably transfected with DNA constructs of pIRES2-EGFP (green fluorescent protein) expressing @entity1 @entity16240 ( @entity16240 ) cDNA (231BSP) under a @entity2834 promoter, or with an antisense sequence of @entity16240 cDNA (231BSPAS), or with an empty vector as a control (231EV). These 3 cell groups were selected for @entity5154 resistance using G418 and analyzed by flow cytometry for GFP expression. The resultant cultured cells expressed different levels of @entity16240 as detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Among the three, 231BSP expressed the highest levels of @entity16240 while 231BSPAS expressed the lowest. The capacity of the @entity5 cells to metastasize to bone was determined in @entity19 (5 in each group) by intra-cardiac injection of the cells from the 3 different groups. Four weeks after inoculation, radiological examination revealed that all the 5 @entity19 in the 231BSP cell group had developed osteolytic bone @entity3 . In the 231BSPAS group only 1 @entity19 demonstrated metastatic @entity79 while 3 out of 5 @entity19 in the control group (231EV) developed metastatic lesions in the bone. These results strongly suggest that @entity16240 over-expression in @entity1 @entity5 cells can enhance bone @entity3 of MDA-231 cells whereas repressed expression of @entity16240 , using antisense @entity16240 cDNA, inhibits this effect in a @entity19 model.

title: Over-expression of bone sialoprotein enhances bone @entity3 of @entity1 XXXX cells in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast and prostate cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: The mechanisms whereby the @entity10173 ( @entity10173 ) exerts its anabolic action on bone are incompletely understood. We previously showed that inhibition of @entity8837 enhanced @entity3078 -induced bone anabolic action in osteoblasts. These findings suggested the hypothesis that changes in gene expression associated with the altered @entity3078 -induced signaling brought about by an @entity8837 inhibitor would identify novel bone anabolic factors in osteoblasts. We therefore performed a comparative DNA microarray analysis between empty vector-transfected @entity19 osteoblastic @entity19 cells and @entity4286 -treated stable @entity3078 -overexpressing @entity19 cells. Among the novel factors, @entity73050 was selected on the basis of its rapid induction by @entity10173 independent of later increases in endogenous @entity641 . The levels of @entity73050 increased with time in cultures of @entity19 cells and @entity19 mesenchymal @entity19 cells committed to the osteoblast lineage by @entity8385 . @entity10173 stimulated @entity73050 levels within 1 h as determined by Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry in @entity19 cells. @entity19 cells stably overexpressing @entity73050 exhibited elevated levels of @entity2447 , @entity2450 , alkaline phosphatase, and b-catenin, whereas @entity73050 augmented @entity8385 -induced @entity2447 levels in mesenchymal cells. @entity73050 interacted with @entity2447 , @entity14901 , and @entity21602 in C2C12 cells. In conclusion, we identified a @entity3078 -related factor, @entity73050 , that is induced by @entity10173 and promotes differentiation in @entity19 osteoblastic cells. @entity73050 is an important molecule in the pathway downstream of @entity10173 and @entity3078 signaling in osteoblasts.

title: @entity10173 -responsive XXXX -related factor, @entity73050 , promotes osteoblast differentiation and interacts with the bone morphogenetic protein- @entity2447 pathway.

answer: @entity3078 :: (17127(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Smad3']


abstract: In view of the @entity308 immunity in @entity3147 , an assessment of the lymphoproliferative activity of the constantly stimulated mesenteric lymph node of the @entity840 was undertaken. A significant reduction of this activity was observed in @entity1131 . a) The germinal centers were reduced in number and size; new formation in the medulla was rarely seen. Lymphoid cells showed lowering of mitotic index and mitotic rate and prolongation of mitotic duration and turnover time. Nuclear labeling with @entity665 was focal and localized to the peripheral zone. b) Mitotic activity and nuclear labeling were less pronounced in the outer cortex and medulla and least in the paracortical area. Specific uptake of @entity665 paralleled the low labeling index. c) No appreciable reduction in the number of plasma cells in the medulla was observed. Serum gamma-globulin levels were not significantly altered, but albumin levels were consistently reduced. This was suggestive of preferential preservation of plasma cell activity in the malnourished host. d) There were significant @entity2905 and @entity1398 with relative increase of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. This might indicate more severe involvement of lymphopoiesis than myelopoiesis in @entity3147 .

title: Lymphopoiesis in @entity1131 . Stathmokinetic and tritiated thymidine uptake studies of the mesenteric lymph node of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['(3)H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and an important public health issue. @entity171 are the primary treatment options for @entity170 . The oral administration of @entity171 may result in poor @entity1 compliance and thence reduced treatment efficacy. Intravenously administered @entity171 may therefore show better treatment efficacy. We have carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4381 treatment for @entity170 in both @entity1 and @entity1 with either @entity174 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Randomized controlled trials with @entity4381 treatment for @entity170 were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE and clinicaltrials.gov. The risk ratio with 95% confidence interval (RR, 95% CI) was calculated to evaluate the effect of @entity4381 treatment on incidence of @entity174 . Data on changes in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) following @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) treatment was also extracted. STATA software was used for all the statistical analyses. RESULTS: Significant reduction in the incidence of both vertebral and nonvertebral @entity174 was observed following @entity5921 treatment, as seen from the values for RR with 95% CI (RR 0.24 and 95% CI 0.15 to 0.40 for @entity174 ; RR 0.76 and 95% CI 0.67 to 0.86 for @entity174 ). @entity79 was also seen to be increased after @entity5921 treatment. CONCLUSION: Ourmeta-analysis showed that @entity4381 was effective in reducing the incidence of @entity174 as well as @entity174 , including @entity173 . Significant increase in @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was also observed in @entity1 administered @entity5921 as compared to placebo.

title: Efficacy of @entity4381 in treatment of @entity170 in XXXX and @entity1 -a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates', 'Bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['nonvertebral fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'vertebral or non-vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed the incidence of stent-graft migration after @entity439 repair in a prospective multicenter trial and identified factors that may predispose to such migration. METHODS: All @entity1 who received treatment during the course of the multicenter AneuRx clinical trial were reviewed for evidence of stent-graft migration over 5 years, from 1996 to 2001. Post-deployment distance from the renal arteries to the proximal end of the stent graft and the proximal fixation length (length of the infrarenal neck covered by the stent graft) were determined in @entity1 for whom pre-procedure and post-procedure computed tomography scans were measured in an independent core laboratory. RESULTS: Stent-graft migration was reported in 94 of 1119 @entity1 , with mean time after device implantation of 30 +/- 11 months. Freedom from migration was 98.6% at 1 year, 93.4% at 2 years, and 81.2% at 3 years (Kaplan-Meier method). Subset (n = 387) analysis revealed that initial device deployment was lower in 47 @entity1 with migration, as evidenced by a greater renal artery to stent-graft distance (1.1 +/- 0.7 cm), compared with 340 @entity1 without migration (0.8 +/- 0.6 cm; P =.006) on post-implantation computed tomography scan. Proximal fixation length was shorter in @entity1 with migration (1.6 +/- 1.4 cm) compared with @entity1 without migration (2.3 +/- 1.4 cm; P =.005). There was significant variation in migration rate among clinical sites (P <.001), ranging from 0% to 30% (median, 8%), with a greater than twofold difference in migration rate between the lowest quartile (6%) and the highest quartile (15%) clinical sites. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that renal artery to stent-graft distance (P =.001) and proximal fixation length (P =.005) were significant predictors of migration, and that each millimeter increase in distance below the renal arteries increased risk for subsequent migration by 5.8% and each millimeter increase in proximal fixation length decreased risk for migration by 2.5%. @entity135 , neck diameter, degree of device oversizing, correct versus incorrect oversizing, device type (stiff vs flexible), placement of proximal extender cuffs at the original procedure, and post-procedure endoleak were not significant predictors of migration. Migration was treated with placement of extender modules in 23 @entity1 and surgical conversion in 7 @entity1 ; 64 @entity1 (68%) with migration have required no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Stent-graft migration among @entity1 treated in the AneuRx clinical trial appears to be largely related to low initial deployment of the device, below the renal arteries, and short proximal fixation length. Significant variation in migration rate among clinical sites highlights the importance of the technical aspects of stent-graft deployment. Advances in intraoperative imaging and deployment techniques that have been made since completion of the clinical trial facilitate precision of device placement below the renal arteries and should increase proximal fixation length. Whether this, together with increased iliac fixation length, will result in lower risk for migration remains to be determined in long-term follow-up studies.

title: Stent graft migration after XXXX repair: importance of proximal fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-implantation aortic neck length']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['endovascular aneurysm']


abstract: This premature female @entity1 died soon after birth. She had numerous gross anomalies and was found on cytogenic studies to have @entity20928 . Polytomographic and histologic studies of the left ear revealed @entity156 including complete aural @entity1146 , non-pneumatization of the middle ear with a vertical shelf of bone in the mid portion of the middle ear, absence of the stapes and oval window and bony closure of the round window niche. The cochlea is flat in shape and shows one and a half turns with incomplete formation of the modiolus. The intersaccular septum is rudimentary but the @entity4494 is clearly seen in Rosenthal's canal through the one and a half turns. The organ of Corti is well developed and contains hair cells. The stria vascularis is present. The utricular and saccular maculae as well as all cristae are well developed and contain hair cells. The saccular wall is collapsed onto an @entity3202 appearing otolithic membrane. The utricle is dilated, the lateral semicircular canal appears short and the bony canal is wide. The flattened and shortened cochlea with deformities of the cochlear duct, and the large vestibule resembles Mondinis @entity1141 .

title: [Temporal bone histopathology in a case of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity4494 :: ('MESH:D045888', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity20928 :: (MESH:C536799,Disease) :: ['trisomy 22-syndrome']


abstract: Tat is an essential regulatory protein for the replication of @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV). Mutations in the tat gene have been shown to block @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells. Several studies have established that Tat releases an elongation block to the transcription of @entity645 long terminal repeat (LTR); however, it is not known whether this mechanism alone is sufficient to explain the block to @entity645 replication in @entity1 T cells when Tat is absent. It is possible that Tat is also needed for other functions during @entity645 replication. To test these hypotheses, we studied several tat mutants, including two stop codon mutants and one deletion mutant using replication-competent @entity2858 constructs carrying wild-type or mutant LTRs with modifications in the NF-kappa B and/or Sp1 binding sites. In this study, we show that Tat- @entity2858 with wild-type LTRs can replicate in HeLa cells, and the virus produced from HeLa cells can infect primary peripheral blood lymphocytes and macrophages. It was found that the propagation of the Tat mutants containing wild-type LTRs was less efficient than that of the LTR-modified Tat mutants. Large amounts of viral RNA and particles were synthesized in infections established using the tat mutants that contain modified LTRs. However, this efficient propagation of the LTR-modified tat mutants was restricted to some lymphoid cell lines that have been transformed with other viruses. Thus, despite its essential role for releasing an elongation block, Tat is not otherwise absolutely required for synthesis of full-length @entity645 transcripts and assembly of virus particles. Direct sequencing of the viral genomes and reinfection kinetics showed no evidence of wild-type reversion even after prolonged infection with the Tat- virus. The implications for in vivo @entity2858 replication and potential application of this system to the study of alternative Tat function are discussed.

title: Infection and replication of Tat- XXXX @entity465 viruses: genetic analyses of LTR and tat mutations in primary and long-term @entity1 lymphoid cells.

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of a @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity788 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity788 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity158 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity136 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity4181 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity4181 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity4181 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity1 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity1 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity1 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity1 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity1398 occurred in 30.4% of @entity1 , @entity390 / @entity391 in 8.3%, @entity294 in 4.3%, and @entity33 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity788 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of @entity136 , UFT-E, @entity4181 Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['Leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity16891 therapy is superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind comparison of active treatments. SETTING: Comprehensive @entity5 center. @entity1 : One hundred ninety-eight consecutive hypercalcemic events in 164 @entity1 screened for entry. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: hospitalization and intravenous hydration for at least 2 days; persistent elevated serum @entity460 levels of 2.99 mmol/L or greater (adjusted for serum albumin); serum @entity1011 levels of 221 mumol/L or less; no cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiation, or @entity18377 within the preceding 7 days or during study; no concurrent use of @entity4028 antibiotics; life expectancy greater than 4 weeks; @entity706 and @entity3243 excluded. @entity1 were stratified by histologic type of @entity5 (epidermoid or nonepidermoid). Fifty @entity1 were randomized and treated. INTERVENTIONS: @entity16891 200 mg/m2 body surface area for 5 days by continuous intravenous infusion, or salmon @entity175 8 IU/kg body weight every 6 hours for 5 days by intramuscular injection. @entity1 randomized to receive @entity16891 received sham injections of saline to simulate @entity175 ; @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 received 1000 mL 5%- @entity413 solution to simulate @entity16891 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All @entity1 were evaluable. Eighteen of twenty-four @entity1 who received @entity16891 achieved normocalcemia compared with 8 of 26 @entity1 who received @entity175 for an observed difference of 44% (95% confidence interval, 19% to 69%; P = 0.002). Median duration of normocalcemia before other cytotoxic or @entity14645 therapy was 6 days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 compared with 1 day for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.001). Median duration of normocalcemia regardless of intercurrent treatment and without adjustment for serum albumin was 11+ days for @entity1 treated with @entity16891 and 2 days for @entity1 treated with @entity175 (P less than 0.01). Mean daily fluid intake and mean daily dose of @entity1483 were similar in both treatment groups. No additional benefit was seen in 9 @entity1 randomized to receive @entity175 who incidentally received corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS: @entity16891 therapy is highly effective and superior to maximally approved doses of @entity175 for acute control of @entity5 -related @entity2741 .

title: @entity16891 for acute treatment of @entity5 -related XXXX . A randomized, double-blind comparison to @entity175 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity16891 :: ('MESH:C027235', 'Chemical') :: ['gallium nitrate', 'Gallium nitrate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity18377 :: ('MESH:D008926', 'Chemical') :: ['mithramycin']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity14645 :: ('MESH:C562689', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity2741 :: (MESH:D006934,Disease) :: ['hypercalcemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern about @entity172 -related adverse effects has led to progressive reductions in the @entity172 dose in combination oral contraceptives (COCs). However, reducing the amount of @entity172 to improve safety could result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness and unacceptable changes in @entity548 patterns. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that COCs containing  <= 20  g @entity2082 (EE) perform similarly as those containing > 20  g in terms of contraceptive effectiveness, @entity548 patterns, discontinuation, and side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP, and examined references of eligible trials. Initially, we wrote to oral contraceptive manufacturers to identify trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: English-language reports of randomized controlled trials were eligible that compare a COC containing  <= 20  g EE with a COC containing > 20  g EE. We excluded studies where the interventions were designed to be administered for less than three consecutive cycles or to be used primarily as treatment for non-contraceptive conditions. Trials had to report on contraceptive effectiveness, @entity548 patterns, trial discontinuation due to @entity548 -related reasons or other side effects, or side effects to be included in the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One author evaluated all titles and abstracts from literature searches to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted data from studies identified for inclusion. We wrote to the researchers when additional information was needed. Data were entered and analyzed with RevMan. MAIN RESULTS: No differences were found in contraceptive effectiveness for the 13 COC pairs for which this outcome was reported. Compared to the higher- @entity172 pills, several COCs containing 20  g EE resulted in higher rates of early trial discontinuation (overall and due to adverse events such as @entity548 ) as well as increased risk of @entity548 disturbances (both @entity2588 or infrequent @entity548 and irregular, prolonged, frequent @entity548 , or @entity1867 or spotting). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: While COCs containing 20  g EE may be theoretically safer, this review did not focus on the rare events required to assess this hypothesis. Data from existing randomized controlled trials are inadequate to detect possible differences in contraceptive effectiveness. Low-dose @entity172 COCs resulted in higher rates of @entity548 pattern disruptions. However, most trials compared COCs containing different progestin types, and changes in @entity548 patterns could be related to @entity1871 type as well as @entity172 dose. Higher follow-up rates are essential for meaningful interpretation of results.

title: 20   g versus >20   g XXXX combined oral contraceptives for contraception.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['irregular bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['breakthrough bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intralesional injection with @entity228 remains the mainstay of therapy for @entity2805 and @entity12347 , however some lesions are unresponsive or may result in @entity272 . Intralesional @entity1732 injection is an alternative therapy that has been widely reported. In order to compare the effectiveness and safety of @entity1732 for the treatment of @entity12347 and @entity2805 in skin of color population, Fitzpatrick skin type III to V @entity1 with @entity12347 or @entity2805 were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated monthly with intralesional @entity2995 (10  mg/mL), while group B with intralesional @entity1732 (1  mg/mL) for three consecutive months. Evaluation of the treatment was performed using " @entity1 and Observer Scar Assessment Scale" (POSAS), self-rated @entity1 satisfaction score, photography, and ultrasonography. Two @entity1 had their @entity1732 blood levels monitored. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity12347 or @entity2805 were recruited. The clinical improvement as assessed by the POSAS was not statistically significant. In terms of @entity1 satisfaction score, one half of both groups reported a very good improvement. Photographic as well as ultrasonographic evaluation showed no difference between the two groups. @entity1732 was found to enter the blood circulation in a very small amount. The major side effect was @entity2117 . There was no @entity272 detected in this study. Intralesional @entity1732 is a safe and effective treatment for @entity12347 and @entity2805 . The treatment is comparable to intralesional @entity2713 . Unfortunately, @entity2117 was the major side effect in darker skin type.

title: The Treatment of XXXX and @entity2805 with intralesional @entity1732 in skin of color.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic scars']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity12347 :: (MESH:D007627,Disease) :: ['keloids']


abstract: The experience of @entity221 can best be viewed as a situation of multiple losses involving the dying @entity1 , family members and friends, and the health care providers engaged in offering services to them. It is a major transition during which the central @entity1 must cope with the personal meanings of the forthcoming @entity204 as well as other losses brought about by the disease process, medical treatments, and the need to provide care for the dying @entity1 . How families adapt to the stresses and changes imposed by the experience of living with dying depends on their previous experiences with @entity204 , their established patterns of communication about serious matters, and their decision-making practices. Some individuals and families are at greater risk than others for developing maladaptive responses and behaviors during and after the experience of @entity221 . Risk factors to be considered in making hypotheses about the potential for maladaptive reactions include the strength of the attachment to the dying @entity1 , uncontrollable and distressing symptoms, and coping limitations associated with age and other factors contributing to increased vulnerability to the demands of continuous change. Working effectively with different kinds of families during the transition of @entity221 can best be accomplished within a conceptual framework built upon knowledge about @entity1 undergoing change. The concept of safe conduct can serve as an overall guide for the creation of nursing services designed to offer personalized care and accessibility of professional help at times of maximum need by the family. Assisting dying @entity1 and their families toward the achievement of their personal goals is fundamental to the idea of safe conduct. The delivery of nursing care in @entity221 requires an orientation to assessment as an ongoing process that makes use of knowledge about disease processes, medical treatments, individual and group adaptations to loss, risk factors suggestive of maladaptive responses, and family dynamics in relation to crisis and change. Although nurses bring expert knowledge about available treatments and resources, the process of assessment and decision-making about what needs to be done can be best accomplished through a process of contracting with the @entity1 and family. These mutual agreements need to be concerned with the establishment of specific goals, plans for achieving them, available resources within the family, division of responsibility, time limits on the achievement of objectives, and mutual evaluation of the process and the outcomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Loss and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['terminal illness']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['terminal illness']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The National @entity5 Institute (NCI) annually confirms therapy with treating physicians on a sample of @entity1 diagnosed with a specific @entity5 . METHODS: Using the NCI Patterns of Care data, treatment patterns were examined on a population-based sample of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity674 ( @entity674 ) in 2008. RESULTS: A random sample of 323 of 405 @entity674 @entity1 registered in SEER was selected. Most @entity1 had @entity356 , were >= 65   years, white, had private insurance, and treated in a hospital with a residency program. Surgery was primarily performed in @entity1 with non-metastatic disease (94%), in which: 26, 12, and 36% were at low, intermediate, and high-risk of recurrence, respectively. Amongst low-risk @entity1 ,    30% received adjuvant therapy. Amongst @entity1 at higher risk, 26-40% did not receive adjuvant therapy. @entity2213 was the most common targeted therapy administered. On multivariate analysis, age and risk-group were associated with receipt of adjuvant targeted therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that in 2008, the majority of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity674 received appropriate surgical and adjuvant therapies. However, a considerable subset may have been overtreated and undertreated. Future studies identifying factors that impact the delivery of adjuvant therapy should be conducted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:702-707.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: XXXX : Treatment patterns of a population-based sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumors', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['Imatinib']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GISTs']

answer: @entity674 :: (MESH:D046152,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal stromal tumors']


abstract: @entity1 saliva contains a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein (agglutinin) which binds to specific streptococci in a @entity460 -dependent reaction leading to the formation of bacterial aggregates. We report the cloning of a gene encoding a surface antigen from @entity885 M5 and show that the expressed protein inhibits agglutinin-mediated aggregation and specifically binds the @entity25206 in a @entity460 -dependent fashion. Clones isolated from the immunological screening of @entity885 M5 genomic libraries with polyclonal antibodies against whole cells were assayed for the ability to compete with @entity885 for agglutinin. One clone, pSSP-5, expressed antigens of 165 and 130 kilodaltons (kDa) possessing this activity. A 3-kilobase-pair (kbp) insert fragment from this clone was used to screen a genomic library in lambda EMBL3 which resulted in the isolation of clone SSP-5A. This clone contained an insert of 17 kb and expressed proteins of 170 to 205 kDa that reacted with the anti-S. sanguis antibodies. Subcloning of a 5.3-kbp EcoRI-BamHI fragment from SSP-5A produced pEB-5, which expressed streptococcal components that were indistinguishable from SSP-5A. The streptococcal antigen was purified by gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography and shown to potently compete with @entity885 M5 cells for agglutinin. The antigen also bound purified @entity25206 in the presence of 1 mM @entity3282 . This binding was inhibited by @entity1098 . Both the SSP-5 antigen and a 205-kDa protein in surface protein extracts from @entity885 M5 cross-reacted with antibodies directed against antigen B from @entity6586 and SpaA from S. sobrinus 6715. These results indicate that a 205-kDa surface protein that is antigenically related to SpaA and antigen B is involved in the binding of @entity25206 to @entity885 M5.

title: Cloning and expression of a XXXX sanguis surface antigen that interacts with a @entity1 @entity25206 .

entities_list: @entity885 :: ('1305', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus sanguis', 'S. sanguis']

entities_list: @entity25206 :: ('1755', 'Gene') :: ['salivary agglutinin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity6586 :: (1309,Species) :: ['Streptococcus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a serial screening program in achieving early detection and preventing @entity204 in @entity1 at increased risk for @entity320 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Private dermatology practice. @entity1 : The study included all @entity1 at increased risk for @entity320 who were screened in the program during the 17-year period, July 1, 1992-June 30, 2009 (=1108 @entity1 per year). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and indicators of early detection. RESULTS: All @entity320 that developed in program @entity1 during the 17-year period were detected early and there were no deaths, metastases, recurrences, nor need for sentinel node biopsies. An analysis of @entity320 cases seen in five recent years revealed additional evidence of consistent early detection: 80 percent of the lesions were in situ, no lesions were greater than 0.15 mm in @entity92 , and all lesions were in the radial growth phase, a stage almost always associated with cure. Four measures, often absent in mass screening programs, contributed to very early detection and cure: thorough serial examinations, biopsying suspicious lesions (particularly pigmented lesions that were highly irregular and/or approaching black in color), recalling @entity1 every six months to detect all @entity320 in the radial growth phase, and educating @entity1 on the need to return. CONCLUSION: An office-based surveillance program that includes serial full skin examinations and ongoing recalls appears capable of detecting @entity320 at a very early stage when cures can be realized in almost every case. Therefore, when @entity1 present with recognized risk factors for @entity320 , dermatologists should seriously consider recommending and performing such serial screening procedures.

title: Serial screening for XXXX : measures and strategies that have consistently achieved early detection and cure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['Breslow depth']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) @entity1 have both visceral and cutaneous @entity1931 . The neural mechanisms of these forms of @entity1931 were further characterized by comparing cortical processing of both @entity5584 (35, 55mmHg) and cutaneous heat nociceptive stimuli (foot immersion in 45 and 47 degrees C water bath) in @entity1744 @entity1 and in a group of healthy age/sex-matched controls. Our approach relied on functional magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging analyses in which brain activation in age/sex-matched control subjects was subtracted from that found in @entity1744 @entity1 . These analyses revealed that both @entity5584 and cutaneous heat stimuli evoked greater neural activity in several brain regions of @entity1744 @entity1 in comparison to age/sex-matched control subjects. These include those related to early stages of somatosensory processing (e.g. thalamus, somatosensory cortex) as well as those more related to cognitive and affective processing (insular, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that @entity1931 of @entity1744 is manifested by increased somatosensory processing at all cortical levels. This was found to be the case not only for @entity1931 but also for cutaneous @entity1931 , a likely form of secondary @entity1931 . Furthermore, visceral and @entity1931 were accompanied by increased neural activity within the same brain structures. These results support the hypothesis that visceral and cutaneous @entity1931 in @entity1744 @entity1 is related to increased afferent processing in pathways ascending to the brain rather than to selectively increased activity at higher cortical levels (e.g. limbic and frontal cortical areas).

title: Central representation of visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['visceral hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity5584 :: ('MESH:D012002', 'Disease') :: ['rectal distension']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2298 over 1,000 mg/dl can provoke @entity656 and its persistence can worsen the clinical outcome. On the contrary, a rapid decrease in @entity412 level is beneficial. Plasmapheresis has been performed in some @entity1 to remove chylomicrons from the circulation, while heparin and/or @entity2690 have been administered in some other cases to rapidly reduce blood @entity1674 . Heparin and @entity2690 stimulate lipoprotein-lipase activity and accelerate chylomicron degradation. AIM: To report five @entity1 with @entity656 treated with heparin and @entity2690 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Five @entity1 (4 females and 1 male) seen in the last two years, who suffered @entity656 induced by @entity2298 are reported. Initial blood @entity412 levels were above 1,000 mg/dl (range 1,590-8,690 mg/dl). Besides the usual treatment of @entity656 , heparin and/or @entity2690 were administered intravenously in continuous infusion. Heparin dose was guided by usual parameters of @entity1003 , and @entity2690 dose, by serial determinations of blood @entity413 . @entity39 was demonstrated in 4 patients. RESULTS: Serum @entity412 levels decreased to < 500 mg/dl within 3 days in all cases. No complication of treatment was observed and all @entity1 survived. Early and late complications of @entity788 occurred in one @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Administration of heparin and/or @entity2690 is an efficient alternative to reduce @entity412 levels in @entity1 with @entity656 and @entity2298 .

title: [heparin and @entity2690 treatment of XXXX caused by @entity2298 . Experience of 5 cases].

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia', 'hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the surgical trends and utilization of treatment for mixed @entity322 among female Medicare beneficiaries. METHODS: Data was obtained from a 5% national random sample of outpatient and carrier claims from 2000 to 2011. Included were female @entity1 65 and older, diagnosed with mixed @entity322 , who underwent surgical treatment identified by Current Procedural Terminology, Fourth Edition ( @entity1191 -4) codes. Urodynamics (UDS) before initial and secondary procedure were also identified using CPT-4 codes. Procedural trends and utilization of UDS were analyzed. RESULTS: Utilization of UDS increased during the study period, from 38.4% to 74.0% prior to initial surgical intervention, and from 28.6% to 62.5% preceding re-intervention. Sling surgery (63.0%) and injectable bulking agents (28.0%) were the most common surgical treatments adopted, followed by sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) (4.8%) and Burch (4.0%) procedures. Re-intervention was performed in 4.0% of @entity1 initially treated with sling procedures and 21.3% of @entity1 treated with bulking agents, the majority of whom (51.7% and 76.3%, respectively) underwent injection of a bulking agent. Risk of re-intervention was not different among those who did or did not receive urodynamic tests prior to the initial procedure (8.5% vs. 9.3%) CONCLUSIONS: Sling and bulk agents are the most common treatment for MUI. Preoperative urodynamic testing was not related to risk of re-intervention following surgery for mixed @entity322 in this cohort. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Trends in surgical management and pre-operative urodynamics in female medicare beneficiaries with mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) is a common complication of surgery. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are recruited into resolving venous thrombi. In this report, we investigated the effects of @entity10013 on EPCs function and venous @entity715 resolution. We demonstrated that overexpression of @entity10013 enhanced EPCs' migration and tubulogenic activity in vitro, and promoted EPCs' homing and @entity715 resolving in vivo. Moreover, we identified that @entity10013 directly targeted @entity8569 and affected @entity10412 /Akt signaling axis. Overall, our findings demonstrated that @entity10013 promoted EPCs function through suppressing @entity8569 expression and modulation of @entity10013 may represent a potential therapeutic intervention for treating @entity1150 . J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 1613-1623, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Upregulation of MicroRNA-126 Contributes to Endothelial Progenitor Cell Function in @entity1150 via Its Target XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['Deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity8569 :: (5296,Gene) :: ['PIK3R2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity817 -V600 mutation is the most common mutation in cutaneous @entity320 and is currently considered a target mutation when planning treatment for @entity320 @entity1 . Various techniques are used to determine the mutation status. The aim of this study was to determine the @entity817 -V600 mutation status in primary and metastatic foci of @entity320 cases and the consistency between the results of immunohistochemical and molecular methods. METHODS: A total of 48 primary or metastatic cases were included in the study. Pyrosequencing was used as the molecular method and the VE1 antibody for immunohistochemical evaluation when determining the @entity817 -V600 mutation. RESULTS: The @entity817 -V600 mutation was found in 75 of the 96 @entity5 (78.1%) from the 48 cases. @entity8554 and @entity16232 were present in 60 and 10 @entity5 , respectively, whereas @entity17330 and @entity72350 were present in 2 @entity5 and @entity43051 in 1 @entity5 . There was no mutation in 5 metastases (12.8%) of the 39 cases with a V600 mutation in the @entity5 and no mutation in the @entity5 of 2 of the 36 cases (5.6%) with the V600 mutation in the @entity3 . Fifty-six @entity5 were immunohistochemically positive where a @entity8554 mutation was detected with pyrosequencing. @entity5 (n = 20) and @entity5 with non- @entity8554 mutations (n = 15) on pyrosequencing were immunonegative with VE1. The sensitivity and specificity of immunohistochemistry were 93.3% and 97.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, @entity817 -V600 mutation inconsistencies of up to 14.5% can be seen between the primary and metastatic foci in @entity320 cases. These findings should be taken into account when planning targeted therapy and deciding on treatment responsiveness/unresponsiveness. An immunohistochemical method can be used as the first step to detect a @entity817 -V600 mutation but additional molecular methods should be used when immunohistochemistry results are negative.

title: XXXX -V600 Mutation Heterogeneity in Primary and @entity320 : A Study With Pyrosequencing and Immunohistochemistry.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumor', 'Wild-type tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'metastatic melanoma']

answer: @entity817 :: (673,Gene) :: ['BRAF']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Our main objective was to investigate the effect of preoperative oral @entity230 on @entity954 and quality of the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Our second objective was to determine whether the @entity4421 score could be used to predict the volume of @entity954 . METHODOLOGY: This double-blinded, randomized trial included 65 @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 . The @entity228 group received oral @entity617 (1 mg/kg), administered to @entity1 once daily for 2 days and then tapered down, with treatment completed on the day 10. The control group received placebo before the operation. Endoscopic exams were recorded, and preoperative sinus computed tomography scans were scored. Intraoperative @entity190 was recorded. Quality of the surgical field was assessed by the surgeon, using a linear scale from 1 to 10. RESULTS: The mean @entity548 volume was 239 ml in the @entity228 group and 203 ml in control group. There was no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.495). Surgical field quality scores were higher in the @entity228 group than in the control group, but the difference was not significant (p = 0.36). There was no statistically significant relationship between the @entity548 volume and Kennedy @entity4421 Scores in @entity228 group (r = 0.225, p = 0.186) and control group (r = 0.084, p = 0.663). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that using oral @entity288 , which have rare but serious side effects, is not necessary in the preoperative period. Furthermore, we found that the radiological @entity4421 score was not a suitable marker for predicting @entity954 volumes.

title: Oral @entity230 and XXXX during endoscopic sinus surgery.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['Osteitis', 'osteitis']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity954 :: (MESH:D016063,Disease) :: ['intraoperative bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single transverse cage placed in the anterior vertebral column can better maintain lumbar @entity1515 and sagittal alignment and is frequently used via the lateral transpsoas approach. However, there is no clear description in the literature of the steps required to place the single transverse cage during the instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) procedure for the treatment of @entity179 . The objective of this study is to describe the technique using single transverse-orientation cage when performing TLIF procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 18 illustrative cases in which single transverse-orientation cage was placed according to a step-by-step technique that can be used during the TLIF procedure. Information acquired included procedure time, intraoperative @entity190 and @entity260 . The preoperative and postoperative @entity717 Index (ODI) and the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were recorded. Changes in disc height and segmental @entity1515 were measured at radiographs. RESULTS: The single transverse-orientation cage was successfully placed in 18 @entity1 in a stepwise technique to achieve lumbar fusion. Using this technique, the @entity1 significantly improved clinically and radiographically at postoperative visits. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report demonstrating the safety and efficacy of instrumented TLIF with single transverse-orientation cage for the treatment of @entity179 . Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity248 -TLIF approach can maintain @entity1515 and avoid the unique complications of lateral transpsoas approach. Understanding the options for cage placement is important for surgeons considering the use of this technique.

title: Single transverse-orientation cage via @entity248 -TLIF approach for the treatment of XXXX : a technical note.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1515 :: ('MESH:D008141', 'Disease') :: ['lordosis', 'greater lumbar lordosis']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar disease']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Oswestry Disability']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar disease']


abstract: Infliximab (Remicade), a biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), binds to and inhibits the activity of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, which is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of @entity309 . Intravenous infliximab plus @entity1499 is recommended in @entity1 with @entity309 who have not achieved satisfactory disease control with adequate courses of other DMARDs. Pharmacoeconomic analyses have been based on efficacy data from the pivotal placebo-controlled Anti- @entity5 Necrosis Factor Trial in @entity309 with Concomitant Therapy (ATTRACT) trial in @entity1 with active, refractory @entity309 . Infliximab every 8 weeks plus @entity1499 demonstrated rapid and sustainable improvements in clinical response, delayed radiographic progression, and/or improved functional status and health-related QOL compared with placebo plus @entity1499 at weeks 30, 54 and 102. In cost-utility analyses of infliximab plus @entity1499 conducted from a healthcare payer and/or societal perspective in the US, Europe, Portugal, Sweden and the UK, infliximab 3 mg/kg every 8 weeks plus @entity1499 was associated with acceptable (< US50,000 per discounted QALY gained) cost-utility ratios relative to @entity1499 alone in @entity1 with active, refractory @entity309 . When only direct costs were considered, the lifetime incremental cost per discounted QALY gained with infliximab plus @entity1499 relative to @entity1499 alone was  US30,500-38,700 (year of costing 1998 or not reported; treatment duration 54 or 102 weeks or lifelong) in the US and Europe analyses, and euro39 500 (year of costing not reported; lifelong treatment) in the Portuguese analysis. The cost-utility ratios were more favourable when lost productivity costs or the additional benefit of infliximab on radiographic stabilisation were considered. In the Swedish and UK analyses with a 10-year time horizon, infliximab plus @entity1499 for 1 or 2 years was associated with cost-utility ratios of euro28 600-56 100 (year of costing not reported) when direct costs were considered, and euro3440-48 200 when direct costs plus loss-of-productivity costs were considered. In conclusion, cost-utility analyses, which were based on modelling of data from the pivotal clinical trial of infliximab plus @entity1499 , indicate that infliximab plus @entity1499 is associated with acceptable cost-effectiveness ratios (< US50,000 per discounted QALY gained) relative to @entity1499 monotherapy in @entity1 with active @entity309 who have not responded to previous @entity1499 or other DMARD therapy. The cost effectiveness of infliximab versus other DMARDs is at present unclear, but will be clarified when appropriate data from directly comparative clinical and/or pharmacoeconomic studies become available. In @entity1 in whom adequate courses of other DMARDs have failed to achieve satisfactory disease control, infliximab plus @entity1499 may prevent or delay disability, which may produce reductions in nondrug costs that can help offset its acquisition cost.

title: Infliximab: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: AIM: To test the effect of a noncaustic concentration of @entity3879 ( @entity3880 ) in a standardized smear layer model. METHODOLOGY: The smear layer dissolution kinetics of 0.5% @entity3880 on @entity1 dentine were compared to those of 2.25% @entity3880 and 17% @entity1098 ( @entity1098 ) solutions. Coronal dentine discs were prepared from six @entity1 maxillary molars. A standardized smear layer was produced on the pulpal side of each disc. The smear layer-covered surface was divided into three similar areas and then exposed to one of the three solutions tested. Co-site image sequences (around 40, 500  ) of the specific areas were obtained after four cumulative demineralisation times (15, 30, 60 and 180 s). An image processing and analysis sequence measured sets of images, providing data of area fraction (AF, dentine-free area in % of total analysis area). A general linear model for repeated measures was used to verify the influence of time and solution type over the change in AF from baseline (/\AF). RESULTS: Overall, @entity1098 and 2.25% @entity3880 produced higher /\AF values than the 0.5% @entity3880 solution (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in /\AF between 15 s and 30 s (P > 0.05). After 60 s of etching, all tested solutions produced similar /\AF (P > 0.05), whereas at 180 s, /\AF of both @entity1098 and 2.25% @entity3880 continued to increase (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: After 60 s of contact, the 0.5% @entity3880 solution dissolved smear layer as well as 2.25% @entity3880 and 17% @entity1098 .

title: Smear layer dissolution by XXXX of low concentration.

entities_list: @entity3879 :: ('MESH:D010463', 'Chemical') :: ['peracetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1098 :: ('MESH:D004492', 'Chemical') :: ['EDTA', 'ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid']

answer: @entity3879 :: (MESH:D010463,Chemical) :: ['peracetic acid']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study was conducted according to @entity42231 criteria as a prospective randomized cross-over study. The primary goal of the study was to determine clinical findings and @entity1 satisfaction with postoperative treatment. 29 @entity1 with a @entity174 that was surgically stabilized from volar and who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled over a 12-month period. Each @entity1 randomly received either a dorsal plaster splint or a vacuum-fit flexible but blocked orthosis applied postoperatively in the operating theatre to achieve postoperative immobilization. After one week all @entity1 were crossed over to the complementary device maintaining the immobilization until end of week 2. After week 2 both groups were allowed to exercise wrist mobility with a physiotherapist, in the orthosis group the device was deblocked, thus allowing limited wrist mobility. After week 4 the devices were removed in both groups. Follow-up exams were performed after postoperative weeks 1, 2, 4 and 12. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Results were determined after week 1 and 2 using SF 36 and a personally compiled questionnaire; after weeks 4 and 12 with a clinical check-up, calculation of ROM and the DASH Score. Comparison of the two groups showed a significant difference in ROM for volar flexion after 4 weeks, but no significant differences in DASH Score, duration of disability or x-ray findings. With regard to satisfaction with comfort and hygiene, @entity1 were significantly more satisfied with the dynamic orthosis, and 23 of the 29 @entity1 would prefer the flexible vacuum orthosis in future. TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00006097.

title: Early Functional Postoperative Therapy of XXXX with a Dynamic Orthosis: Results of a Prospective Randomized Cross-Over Comparative Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Distal Radius Fracture']


abstract: This article is part of a Special Issue " @entity53 and cognition". @entity172 have been seen to play a role in @entity1 cognitive abilities, but questions remain about the cognitive impact of @entity2082 , which is contained in many @entity7280 ( @entity6862 ). Inconsistencies in past studies likely reflect small samples and heterogeneous groups of OC users. The aims of the present work were to examine OC effects on sex-typed spatial and verbal abilities by (a) comparing @entity717 and expressional fluency in normally-cycling (NC) @entity1 and @entity1 to OC users considered as a heterogeneous group and then to homogeneous groups of OC users created by classifying pills according to their active constituents, and (b) determining the relation between synthetic hormone doses in @entity6862 and @entity717 and expressional fluency. @entity1 were 136 @entity1 , 93 NC @entity1 , and 148 OC users, including homogeneous monophasic (n = 55) and triphasic (n = 43) OC groups, aged 18 to 30 years. Significant effects of OC use were seen in homogeneous group comparisons but not when OC users were considered as a heterogeneous group. On @entity717 , @entity1 outperformed @entity1 , and monophasic OC users outperformed NC @entity1 . The latter difference may be attributable to @entity53 , as @entity2082 was inversely related to spatial ability among OC users and was lower in monophasic than in triphasic users. On expressional fluency, NC @entity1 and monophasic OC users outperformed @entity1 , and monophasic users outperformed triphasic users. Thus, results show the importance of @entity2082 and of considering pill constituents when studying the cognitive effects of @entity6862 .

title: Oral contraceptives and cognition: A role for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'human', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2082 :: ('MESH:D004997', 'Chemical') :: ['ethinyl estradiol']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol', 'Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mental rotations']

entities_list: @entity7280 :: ('MESH:D003276', 'Chemical') :: ['oral contraceptives']

answer: @entity2082 :: (MESH:D004997,Chemical) :: ['ethinyl estradiol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparin and its derivatives are known to attenuate @entity5 @entity3 in preclinical models, but have not been used clinically due to adverse bleeding effects. This study compared the efficacy of S-NACH (a sulfated non-anticoagulant heparin) versus @entity23294 (a low molecular weight heparin) in inhibiting @entity3 of a growing @entity5 and following surgical excision of @entity5 in a @entity788 @entity19 model. The efficacy of S-NACH versus @entity23294 on @entity3 of the @entity5 was evaluated in each experiment using IVIS imaging. Athymic female @entity19 were treated with S-NACH or @entity23294 , and 30  min later luciferase-transfected @entity788 cells (Mpanc96) were implanted into the spleen; treatment was continued daily until termination. Next we studied the effect of S-NACH versus @entity23294 on @entity3 after surgical excision of the @entity5 after 3 weeks of daily treatment with S-NACH or @entity23294 . S-NACH reduced surgically induced @entity3 (p<0.01) and @entity5 recurrence (p<0.05) relative to control. Histopathological studies demonstrated significant increase in @entity5 @entity39 mediated by S-NACH and to lesser extent by @entity23294 as compared to control group. Furthermore, either S-NACH or @entity23294 upregulated the expression of the junctional adhesion molecule @entity3112 in @entity788 cells where its low expression enhances @entity5 cell migration and invasion. In terms of bleeding time (BT), S-NACH did not affect BT as compared to @entity23294 , which doubled BT. These data suggest that S-NACH is an effective and safe anti-metastatic agent and warrants further clinical evaluation.

title: Anti- XXXX efficacy and safety of non-anticoagulant heparin derivative versus low molecular weight heparin in surgical @entity788 models.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity23294 :: ('MESH:C081247', 'Chemical') :: ['tinzaparin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2417 ( @entity2417 ) is common in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) and is associated with poor quality of life and prognosis. Early acute studies using transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation (PNS) to treat @entity2417 in @entity712 have shown a significantly reduction of @entity2417 and improvement of key polysomnographic parameters. In this study, we evaluated the safety of and efficiency chronic transvenous PNS with an implanted neurostimulator in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . METHODS: This study was a prospective, nonrandomized evaluation of unilateral transvenous PNS in eight @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . The stimulation lead, which connected to a proprietary neurostimulator, was positioned in either the left pericardiophrenic or right brachiocephalic vein. Monitoring during implantation and 6-monthly follow-ups were performed. RESULTS: Six of the implanted eight @entity1 completed the study (one was lost to follow-up; one died from @entity55 ). Neither side effects nor adverse events related to stimulation occurred. During the 6-monthly follow-ups, one @entity1 had a lead dislodgement in the first month and the lead was subsequently repositioned. No additional lead dislodgements occurred. There were no significant changes in sleep habits, appetite, @entity548 or @entity281 . Compared with the parameters before stimulator implantation, there were significant improvement in @entity27 index, central apnea index, left ventricular ejection fraction and 6-min walk distance (all P   <   0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Use of chronic transvenous PNS appears to be safe and feasible in @entity712 @entity1 with @entity2417 . Large multicenter studies are needed to confirm safety and efficacy in this population.

title: Safety and feasibility of chronic transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation for treatment of central sleep apnea in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2417 :: ('MESH:D020182', 'Disease') :: ['Central sleep apnea', 'CSA']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 545 Background: The @entity21597 are nontaxane microtubule stabilizers which have shown promising activity in 1- and 3-hour infusions every 3 weeks. Grade 3 @entity16 was reported in 12-37% of @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 with metastatic or locally advanced @entity0 and measurable disease were stratified by prior @entity3907 therapy. @entity1 were treated with @entity19878 at 6 mg/m(2)/d IV d1-5, every 3 weeks. A novel battery of tests to assess @entity2359 included subjective questionnaires, balance testing, Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, the Jebsen Test of Hand Function, the Grooved Peg Board Test, and nerve conduction studies. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 received 174 cycles. Prior @entity3907 -treated @entity1 received 0-10 (median 2) prior chemo regimens; @entity3907 na  ve @entity1 received 0-1 (median 0) prior chemo regimens. Grade 3 and 4 @entity137 per @entity1 : @entity1398 (32%, grade 4: 20%), @entity1398 (10%, all grade 3), @entity882 (5%), @entity1295 (15%), @entity294 (12%), @entity1209 (5%), @entity1142 (2%), @entity925 / @entity4841 (2%), @entity16 (grade 3: 2%, all grades: 40%). Of the 33 prior @entity3907 -treated @entity1 , there are 6 (18%) PR, 12 (40%) SD, 12 (40%) PD, 3 (9%) too early to evaluate (TE). Of the 9 @entity3907 -naive @entity1 , 4 (44%) PR, 4 (44%) SD, and 1 (11%) TE. One @entity1 was removed from study due to grade 3 @entity2359 , and 2 pts for other grade 3/4 @entity137 . Eleven of 30 (37%) @entity1 with no baseline @entity16 developed grade 1; 3 (10%) of 30 developed grade 2; 1 (3%) developed grade 3. Only 1 of 12 (8%) @entity1 with baseline grade 1 developed grade 2 @entity16 . @entity16 was associated with self-reported worsening of @entity158 intensity (p<0.01), but not with the other @entity2359 tests evaluated, and further analyses are ongoing. Eight @entity1 have had pre- and post-treatment biopsies. Tubulin stabilization will be assessed by examining post-translational modifications of tubulin on pre- and post-therapy biopsies by Western blot. CONCLUSIONS: Responses are seen in both prior @entity3907 -treated and @entity3907 na  ve @entity1 . @entity16 was mild with grade 3 @entity2359 rarely seen. [Table: see text].

title: A phase 2 trial of @entity19878 ( @entity19878 ), an epothilone B analog, given daily x 5 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity21597 :: ('MESH:D034261', 'Chemical') :: ['epothilones']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Increased sensory neuropathy', 'sensory neuropathy', 'neuropathy', 'Sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: We have shown that expiratory flows increase when expirations are rapidly interrupted in stable @entity748 @entity1 . We hypothesized that a similar increase could be obtained in @entity1 with acute exacerbation of @entity565 treated in the Emergency Room. A total of 30 @entity748 @entity1 were randomly allocated into two groups, the study and the control groups. @entity1 in the study group were connected to a device with an inspiratory line designed to administer pressurized aerosols. The expiratory line passed through a valve completely interrupting flow at 4 Hz, with an open/closed time ratio of 10/3. The control group @entity1 were also connected to the device, but with the valve kept open. Mean expiratory flow at tidal volume (MEFTV) was measured under basal conditions and at 4, 8 and 12 minutes after connecting the @entity1 to the device. All @entity1 received standard treatment throughout the procedure. At all time points MEFTV increased more in the study than in the control group (p < 0.003 by two-way ANOVA). There was no residual effect after disconnection from the device. We conclude that TEFI can rapidly improve expiratory flows in @entity1 with acute exacerbations of @entity565 , while pharmacologic interventions proceed.

title: Transient expiratory flow interruptions (TEFI) increase expiratory flow in acute XXXX exacerbation.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: @entity1364 -dependent kinase ( @entity15308 interacting cyclins perform essential functions for DNA replication and cellular proliferation. The @entity1 genome encodes two E-type cyclins (E and E2) and two A-type cyclins (A1 and A2). Dysregulation of the @entity15308 -bound cyclins plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity7596 is associated with cellular proliferation and can be used for molecular diagnostics as a proliferation marker. In addition, @entity7596 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in several types of @entity5 . @entity58665 is a tissue-specific @entity1364 that is highly expressed in @entity3052 and in @entity5 . High levels of @entity1364 E expression are found in many types of @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity1364 E at the mRNA level can be based on gene amplification and transcriptional mechanisms. In addition, proteolytically cleaved forms of @entity1364 E that show oncogenic functions have been described. @entity1364 E plays a critical role for G1/S transition. Its overexpression is not only associated with proliferation but rather indicates a more malignant phenotype which is likely to be linked to the induction of chromosomal instability. These biological functions of @entity1364 E relate to a poor prognosis when high @entity1364 E levels are found. The link between @entity1364 E and poor prognosis is well established in @entity0 but is likely to be observed in other @entity5 as well. The second E-type @entity1364 , @entity20408 , has been shown to be overexpressed in @entity0 although the potential role as a diagnostic or prognostic marker is unknown. This review provides an overview of the potential of cyclins E and A as markers for diagnosis and prognosis in @entity1 @entity5 .

title: E- and A-type cyclins as markers for XXXX diagnosis and prognosis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast and lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a new surgical technique using elaborated perineal anastomotic urethroplasty combined with laparoscopic omentoplasty for @entity1 with complex and prior failed @entity174 repair was feasible, safe, and effective. METHODS: We performed a prospective, observational, stage 2a study to observe treatment outcomes of combined perineal and laparoscopic approach for urethroplasty in @entity1 with @entity174 at a single center in Pune, India, between January 2012 and February 2013. Complex and redo @entity1 with @entity174 occurring after @entity174 @entity130 were included in the study. @entity3832 were excluded. The primary study outcome was the success rate of the surgical technique, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate feasibility and safety of the procedure. The clinical outcome was considered a failure when any postoperative instrumentation was needed. RESULTS: Fifteen male @entity1 with a median age of 19 years were included in the study. Seven @entity1 were adolescents (12-18 years) and 8 @entity1 (53.3%) were adults (19-49 years). The mean number of prior urethroplasties was 1.8 (range, 1-3). All @entity1 underwent @entity254 using a perineal approach with inferior pubectomy combined with laparoscopic mobilization of the omentum into the perineum to envelope the @entity254 and to fill the perineal dead space. Of 15 @entity1 , 14 (93.3%) were successful and 1 (6.6%) failed. One adolescent @entity1 14 years old developed a recurrent stricture 2 months after the procedure and was managed using internal urethrotomy. Median follow-up was 18 months (range, 13-24 months). CONCLUSION: Combining a laparoscopic omentoplasty to a membranobulbar @entity254 for complex and redo @entity174 @entity130 is successful, feasible, safe, and with minimal additional morbidity to the @entity1 . The technique has the advantage of a perineal incision and the ability to use the omentum to support the @entity254 .

title: Laparoscopic omentoplasty to support anastomotic urethroplasty in complex and redo XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic fracture urethral defect', 'pelvic fracture']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis', 'elaborated bulbomembranous anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['Anterior urethral strictures']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['urethral injury']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['pelvic fracture urethral defects']