abstract: The contamination of beach waters occurs from the discharge of storm water and sanitary sewer overflows containing faecal material. Additional faecal material derives from discharge of animals and waterfowl. In order to protect public from exposure to faecal-contaminated water, it is required to test enteric indicators in beach water. The problem is that the traditional culture-based methods cannot meet this goal because it takes too long (>24 h), so the results are not available until a day later. A rapid method for testing beach water for @entity526 within 1 h has been developed. @entity1172 ( @entity1172 ) and @entity855 bioluminescence were used for selective capture and quantification, respectively. This rapid method was compared to the current method (m-TEC) using beach water samples. The beach samples were prefiltered with a 20 microm pore size filter in order to remove algae, plant debris and large particles. The results showed that the prefiltration step did not trap the bacteria which were present in the original water samples. The prefiltered water was then passed through a 0.45 microm pore size filter for concentration. The deposited bacteria were resuspended and then mixed with superparamagnetic @entity852 beads (diameter of 0.6 microm) that were coated with E. coli antibodies. After @entity1172 , the quantification of the @entity526 was done by @entity855 bioluminescence. The results obtained with @entity1172 - @entity855 bioluminescence correlated well with the plate count method (Rsq = 0.93). The detection limit of the assay was about 20 CFU/100 mL, which is well below the US EPA limits for recreational water. The entire procedure can be completed in less than 1 hour. The necessary equipment is portable and was tested on-site.

title: Detection of @entity526 in beach water within 1 hour using immunomagnetic separation and XXXX bioluminescence.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['Immunomagnetic separation', 'IMS']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of socioeconomic factors on the association between parity and long-term maternal mortality. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study of mothers with births registered in the Medical Birth Registry of Norway during the period 1967-2009. We estimated age-specific (40-69 years) cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality ratios by number of births using Cox proportional hazard models. To assess effect modification by mothers' attained education, we stratified on low (less than 11 years) and high (11 years or greater) educational level. We further evaluated fathers' mortality by number of births using the same analytical approach. RESULTS: Mothers with low education had higher mortality (cardiovascular: hazard ratio 2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.34-2.93, noncardiovascular: hazard ratio 1.67, 95% CI 1.62-1.73). Among mothers with low education, @entity65 increased linearly with each additional birth above one (P trend=.02). In contrast, among mothers with high education, @entity65 declined with added births (P trend=.045). For noncardiovascular mortality there was no association among mothers with low education, whereas mortality declined with increasing number of births among mothers with high education (P trend<.01). Father's mortality showed similar associations with number of births when stratified on maternal education. CONCLUSION: @entity1 's long-term mortality rose with number of births only for cardiovascular causes of @entity204 and only among mothers with low education. Partners of @entity1 with low education had similar increasing risk with increasing number of births. Maternal educational level is a strong modifier of the association between parity and long-term mortality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

title: Association of XXXX 's Reproductive History With Long-term Mortality and Effect of Socioeconomic Factors.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: @entity3039 is an @entity792 characterized by antibody-mediated @entity1423 . A protein @entity669 phosphatase ( @entity5812 ) present in lymphocytes is an important negative regulator of signal transduction for the T-cell receptor-MHC complex and has been associated with @entity792 that produce autoantibodies. The present study investigated the frequency of the @entity43873 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the @entity5812 gene in @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) @entity1 . This case series study included 50 @entity1 with @entity3039 , 24 acute and 26 chronic cases, and 50 normal @entity1 as a control group. All were subjected to clinical history and laboratory investigations including complete blood count, genotyping of @entity5812 @entity43873 SNP by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and platelet antibodies using platelets suspension immunofluorescence test for the cases. Thirteen @entity1 (26%) were positive for the @entity5812 @entity43873 SNP. Three @entity1 were homozygous for the mutation and 10 were heterozygous. Comparison of the 26% of the @entity3039 @entity1 who were positive for the @entity5812 @entity43873 mutation with the 6% positive in the control group yielded a P value of 0.006. Antiplatelet antibodies were detected in five @entity1 (20.8%) with @entity3039 and in three @entity1 (11.5%) with chronic @entity3039 ; no significant association between the presence of @entity5812 @entity43873 mutation and the presence of antiplatelet antibodies was detected. The prevalence of @entity5812 gene mutation was higher in @entity3039 @entity1 , thus it may be considered as a genetic risk factor in the development of @entity3039 in Egyptian @entity1 .

title: The role of XXXX gene polymorphism in childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet destruction']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['Immune thrombocytopenia', 'acute ITP', 'ITP', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune disorder']

answer: @entity5812 :: (26191,Gene) :: ['PTPN22']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the frequencies and clinicopathologic effect of a @entity15786 [DNA ( @entity5538 -5)-methyltransferase 3A] mutation in @entity1 with @entity11511 ( @entity11511 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 64 @entity1 with @entity11511 who had been admitted to Mansoura University Oncology Center were included in the present study. For all @entity1 , DNA extraction and amplification with sequencing analysis using the 310 ABI genetic analyzer for detection of a mutation ( @entity71593 ). RESULTS: The @entity15786 mutation ( @entity71593 ) was found in 12 of the 64 @entity1 (18.8%). The @entity15786 mutation was frequently detected in the older age group and was associated with high leukocytic counts, a high bone marrow blast cell percentage, and the frequent presence of extramedullary disease. However, it was not associated with the hemoglobin level, red blood cell count, or platelet count. The @entity1 with mutant @entity11511 had a low tendency to achieve remission after induction. These @entity1 had significantly shorter overall survival and shorter disease-free survival compared with those with wild-type @entity11511 (P  = .037 and P  = .006, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity15786 is frequently mutated in @entity11511 and is associated with distinct clinicopathologic entities and a poor prognosis. These findings could help in risk stratification and treatment decisions for @entity1 with @entity11511 .

title: Clinicopathologic Effect of XXXX Mutation in @entity11511 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5538 :: ('MESH:D003596', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine']

entities_list: @entity11511 :: ('MESH:D054218', 'Disease') :: ['T-ALL', 'adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

answer: @entity15786 :: (1788,Gene) :: ['DNMT3A']


abstract: Castration of young (3-week-old) but not older (3-month-old) male (NZB X NZW)F1 @entity19 was associated with autoantibody production similar to that of untreated female littermates. The castration-induced disease provided a unique model for the evaluation of therapeutic modalities during the first 9 months of life. Castrated male (NZB X NZW)F1 @entity19 were treated with either long-term thymosin (fraction 5) or @entity251 for different periods of time. Continuous @entity251 replacement abolished the autoimmune disease-accelerating effects of castration at 3 weeks. Brief treatment during either the early or the later periods of life of castrated (NZB X NZW)F1 males was insufficient to prevent accelerated anti-DNA production. Thymosin treatment, when started at the time of castration and continued through life, abolished the rise in anti-DNA. These studies suggest that @entity3800 work throughout the first 7 months of life of the @entity19 to suppress anti-DNA and that lack of @entity3800 for a relatively brief period allows anti-DNA production to be initiated. Once initiated it cannot be completely suppressed. The cellular basis of the fixed aspect of this process is unknown. A possible role of the thymus is suggested by the ability of thymosin to suppress anti-DNA.

title: Effect of partial XXXX replacement or thymosin on anti-DNA in castrated (NZB X NZW)F1 males.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity251 :: (MESH:D013739,Chemical) :: ['testosterone']


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity66 : @entity1526 , @entity2040 , @entity232 , @entity1201 , @entity311 and @entity6565 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity66 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity1526 and @entity2040 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on @entity1526 , XXXX , @entity311 , @entity232 and @entity6565 ].

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity2040 :: (MESH:D012552,Disease) :: ['schistosomiasis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rate of @entity1 with advanced stage @entity46 is nearly half that of the general population, suggesting incomplete targeting of the pathophysiology underlying @entity46 -associated @entity249 . Compelling evidence highlights inflammation as the etiologic link between @entity46 and @entity249 and a potential target for adjunctive treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of @entity619 on @entity19 embryos exposed to @entity1 endometriotic peritoneal fluid (PF) using the established @entity19 embryo assay model. METHODS: PF was obtained from @entity1 with and without severe @entity46 . @entity19 embryos were harvested and randomly allocated to five groups of culture media conditions: (1) @entity1 tubal fluid (HTF), (2) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity1 without @entity46 , (3) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity1 with @entity46 (PF-E), (4) HTF with PF-E and 0.01  mcg/mL @entity619 , and (5) HTF with PF-E and 0.1  mcg/mL @entity619 . Embryos were cultured in standard conditions and evaluated for blastocyst development. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity19 embryos were cultured. Baseline blastulation rates were 63.6  %. The addition of peritoneal fluid from @entity1 with @entity46 decreased the blastocyst development rate to 38.9  % (P   =   0.008). The addition of 0.1  mcg/mL of @entity619 to the culture media restored the blastulation rate to near baseline levels (61.2  %; P   =   0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our in vitro study demonstrate the capacity of @entity619 to mitigate the deleterious impact of endometriotic PF on embryo development. If confirmed in vivo, @entity619 may prove a useful adjunct for the treatment of @entity46 -associated @entity249 .

title: @entity619 attenuates the embryotoxic effect of endometriotic peritoneal fluid in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'murine', 'Murine']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Many of the symptoms experienced by @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) develop insidiously and have often been misinterpreted as normal aging. The purpose of this study was to quantify @entity2742 @entity1 ' preoperative symptoms prospectively and study the impact of successful surgical intervention on these symptoms. Altogether 63 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2742 and 54 comparison @entity1 with nontoxic @entity1374 were prospectively enrolled in the study. An outcome questionnaire documenting symptoms with a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and at 7 to 10 days and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year the questionnaire also included a general health assessment and quality of life index. Demographic data and follow-up blood work was obtained. Descriptive statistics, parametric comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA), and nonparametric comparisons (Mann-Whitney U-test) were calculated. The @entity2742 group demonstrated a significant decrease in reported symptoms between the preoperatively assessment and 7 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.001). There were no further statistically significant decreases in the @entity2742 group's symptoms at 3 and 12 months, but there was a trend for these symptoms to decrease over time. @entity2742 @entity1 perceived a 60% increase in their general health at 1 year; the comparison group perceived no increase. There was no significant change in the symptoms reported by the comparison group between each of the study intervals. Surgical intervention on @entity2742 @entity1 significantly reduces preoperative symptoms, and this reduction is most marked within the first 10 days after surgery.

title: Prospective surgical outcome study of relief of symptoms following surgery in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective means are needed to predict and assess clinical response in @entity1 treated for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We examined whether early changes in serum galactomannan (GM) and/or b-D-glucan (BDG) can predict clinical outcomes. @entity1 with proven or probable @entity3 were prospectively enrolled, and serial GM and BDG levels and GM optical density indices (GMI) were calculated twice weekly for 6 weeks following initiation of standard-of-care antifungal therapy. Changes in these biomarkers during the first 2 and 6 weeks of treatment were analyzed for associations with clinical response and survival at weeks 6 and 12. Among 47 @entity1 with @entity3 , 53.2% (25/47) and 65.9% (27/41) had clinical response by weeks 6 and 12, respectively. Changes in biomarkers during the first 2 weeks were associated with clinical response at 6 weeks (GMI, P = 0.03) and 12 weeks (GM+BDG composite, P = 0.05; GM, P = 0.04; GMI, P = 0.02). Changes in biomarkers during the first 6 weeks were also associated with clinical response at 6 weeks (GM, P = 0.05; GMI, P = 0.03) and 12 weeks (BDG+GM, P = 0.02; GM, P = 0.02; GMI, P = 0.01). Overall survival rates at 6 weeks and 12 weeks were 87.2% (41/47) and 79.1% (34/43), respectively. Decreasing biomarkers in the first 2 weeks were associated with survival at 6 weeks (BDG+GM, P = 0.03; BDG, P = 0.01; GM, P = 0.03) and at 12 weeks (BDG+GM, P = 0.01; BDG, P = 0.03; GM, P = 0.01; GMI, P = 0.007). Similar correlations occurred for biomarkers measured over 6 weeks. @entity1 with negative baseline GMI and/or persistently negative GMI during the first 2 weeks were more likely to have CR and survival. These results suggest that changes of biomarkers may be informative to predict and/or assess response to therapy and survival in @entity1 treated for @entity3 .

title: Correlation between Circulating Fungal Biomarkers and Clinical Outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis', 'IA']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive Aspergillosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Untreated dental caries will eventually lead to @entity32 . Although much is known regarding the interaction of microbial antigens and the immunologic defense systems of pulp, many aspects of the pathogenesis of @entity11624 are not fully understood. The relationship between @entity1 pulp stem cells (HPSCs) and the pathogenesis of @entity11624 remains among the poorly understood areas. Many of the invading bacteria are known to produce considerable amounts of @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ), which causes apoptosis in some tissues. The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity3958 causes apoptosis in HPSCs and to examine its signaling pathway. METHODS: Stem cells were isolated from @entity1 dental pulp and incubated with 50 ng/mL @entity3958 for 48 hours. To detect apoptosis, the cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry. The mitochondrial signaling pathway was examined by determining mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Activation of the key apoptotic enzymes @entity8187 , @entity8186 , and @entity522 was assessed by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Release of @entity4674 from mitochondria was also determined. RESULTS: The number of apoptotic cells increased significantly with @entity3958 treatment from 1.6% to 16.3% (P < .01). Significant increases were also measured in the amounts of @entity8187 and @entity522 and in @entity4674 release (all P < .01) and in mitochondrial membrane depolarization (P < .05), whereas @entity8186 activity was not found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3958 causes apoptosis in HPSCs by activating the mitochondrial pathway. It is suggested that @entity3958 might be one of the factors modifying the pathogenesis of @entity11624 by causing loss of viability of HPSCs through apoptosis.

title: @entity3957 causes apoptosis in XXXX pulp stem cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal inflammation']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic contribution of @entity310 gene polymorphisms on the disease course and therapeutic response in @entity1 with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: 74 Caucasian @entity1 with @entity4932 were recruited with a control group of 77 healthy @entity1 . DNA was extracted for analysis of @entity310 gene promoter polymorphisms at positions -163, -244, -238, -376, and -308. RESULTS: No SNPs at position -163 were observed, while we observed only SNPs at positions -244 and -376 in the controls. No differences were observed in the prevalence of SNPs at -238 and -308 between @entity4932 and controls. In @entity4932 @entity1 no significant differences were observed between the -238 and @entity15646 genotypes and different disease phenotypes. We observed a significant lower disease activity expressed in the carriers of -308 GG genotype with respect to GA and AA genotypes after 6 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.013, respectively) and 12 months of disease (p = 0.02 and p = 0.08, respectively). Also the -238 GG genotypes showed a better disease course after 12 months of disease. Moreover, the -238/-308 GG genotypes presented the higher reduction of disease activity both after 6 (p < 0.01 vs GA and p < 0.01 vs AA) and 12 months from baseline (p < 0.01 vs GA and p < 0.01 vs AA). After 12 months of biologic therapy, a significant higher disease activity was observed in @entity1 with genotype -308 AA respect to both GA (p = 0.012) and GG (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4932 @entity1 carrying the @entity310 -308 GA/AA and -238 GA genotypes are associated with a worse prognosis and with a lower response to anti- @entity310 drugs.

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms and @entity4932 : Influence on disease outcome and therapeutic response.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) is one of the key cytokines in the induction of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Several reports indicated the presence of sRANKL in gingival crevicular fluid of @entity1 with @entity2520 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of @entity5298 in peri-implant crevicular fluid samples of implants with @entity737 , @entity33 and healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 40 implants were categorized as clinically healthy, @entity33 and @entity737 according to the clinical and radiographic findings. Filter paper strips were used to collect peri-implant crevicular fluid for 30 seconds in the base of the crevice/pocket. Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) samples were obtained from buccal and lingual aspects of implants. Plaque index, probing depth, gingival index and @entity548 on probing were recorded at six sites per implant. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to determine the PICF levels of sRANKL. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in sRANKL concentration between healthy group, @entity33 and @entity737 (p=0.12). There were also no statistical correlation between the concentration of sRANKL and probing pocket depth (R=0.051, p=0.65), or any of the other clinical regarding (p>0.05). No differences between the mean sRANKL concentration in the buccal and lingual sites were found (p=0.693). CONCLUSION: Our results may suggest that peri-implant crevicular fluid analysis of sRANKL in conjunction with some other osteoclastogenic mediators could be further investigated in further well-designed prospective longitudinal studies on a larger-scale sample size in the evaluation of dental implants.

title: XXXX ( @entity5298 ) levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['peri-implant mucositis']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['periimplantitis', 'peri-implantitis']

answer: @entity5298 :: (8600,Gene) :: ['Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand']


abstract: More and more prosthetic materials are being used in the treatment of @entity169 . This report deals with some unusual but devastating complications, occurring after preperitoneal mesh implantation. A 56-year old male @entity1 underwent a Stoppa-repair for a @entity169 . Two years postoperatively, a localized abdominal wall abscess was treated with antibiotics and drainage. A barium enema and a CT-scan of the abdomen were performed to rule out an enteric @entity292 ; the CT-scan unexpectedly revealed a tumoral mass involving the sigmoid colon, and an explorative laparotomy was done. Peroperatively, part of the mesh was found to penetrate the bowel wall and a sigmoidectomy with removal of the mesh was performed. Two years later, ingrowth of the urinary bladder by the remains of the mesh was the unfortunate peroperative finding when the @entity1 was operated on for an inflammatory mass, involving the bladder wall. The @entity1 needed two more interventions for persisting wound @entity292 . All the remains of the mesh have been removed and all @entity292 have been widely excised. Nowadays, the @entity1 is recovering well with complete healing of all wounds. Although infection of prostheses used in the treatment of @entity547 has been described, late and serious complications related to mesh implantation, such as perforation of the @entity1494 , have seldom been reported.

title: Unusual complications of preperitoneal mesh implantation in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['colon and the bladder']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral inguinal hernia', 'inguinal hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the neuroprotective properties of single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 when administered prior to @entity64 . Male @entity35 were assigned randomly to one of the following groups: (1) control (Con) group (n=10), (2) @entity1214 (Mino) group (n=10), (3) @entity17756 (SO) group (n=10). @entity35 were treated with a single dose of @entity1214 or @entity17756 at 30min before @entity64 . A @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) was made at 30min after drug administration and reperfusion was done. The @entity35 were subjected to a neurobehavioral test at days 1, 3 and 7 after @entity2500 . The cerebral ischemic volume was quantified by MetaMorph imaging software after TTC staining. The neuronal cell survival and astrocytes expansion were assessed by the @entity2141 and @entity40 immunohistofluorescence staining. Apoptosis was detected by the TUNEL assay. We statistically analyzed and compared the results with each other. Mino and SO groups had neuroprotective effect and showed a better behavioral performance of adhesive removal and treadmill test at 7 days after @entity64 . Mino and SO groups also showed a smaller @entity1188 volume than control group at 7 days after @entity64 . Immunohistofluorescence staining showed a higher number of @entity2141 positive cells, lower activated astrocytes in @entity40 and a lower apoptosis in TUNEL staining. This study showed that single doses of @entity1214 and @entity17756 prior to @entity64 had neuroprotective effects. These agents will be useful not only in post- @entity64 therapy but also in @entity64 prevention in several cerebrovascular procedures like carotid endarterectomy, bypass procedure, endovascular angioplasty, thromboembolectomy or thrombolysis.

title: Preischemic Neuroprotective Effect of @entity1214 and XXXX on Transient Cerebral Ischemic @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity1214 :: ('MESH:D008911', 'Chemical') :: ['minocycline']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity17756 :: ('MESH:C034364', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium ozagrel', 'ozagrel']

answer: @entity17756 :: (MESH:C034364,Chemical) :: ['Sodium Ozagrel']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor in the development and progression of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Modified risk @entity286 products (MRTPs) are being developed to reduce smoking-related health risks. The goal of this study was to investigate hallmarks of @entity1030 and @entity65 over an 8-month period in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) or to the aerosol of a candidate MRTP, THS2.2. In addition to chronic exposure, cessation or switching to THS2.2 after 2 months of CS exposure was assessed. Engaging a systems toxicology approach, exposure effects were investigated using physiology and histology combined with transcriptomics, lipidomics, and proteomics. CS induced @entity2543 and @entity4648 , @entity55 , and emphysematous changes ( @entity73 and @entity16 ). Atherogenic effects of CS exposure included altered lipid profiles and aortic plaque formation. Exposure to THS2.2 aerosol ( @entity1239 concentration matched to CS, 29.9 mg/m(3)) did not induce @entity55 or @entity2415 , nor did it consistently change the lipid profile or enhance the plaque area. Cessation or switching to THS2.2 reversed the inflammatory responses and halted progression of @entity2333 . Biological processes, including senescence, @entity32 , and proliferation, were significantly impacted by CS, but not by THS2.2 aerosol. Both, cessation and switching to THS2.2 reduced these perturbations to almost sham exposure levels. In conclusion, in this @entity19 model cessation or switching to THS2.2 retarded the progression of CS-induced @entity731 and emphysematous changes, while THS2.2 aerosol alone had minimal adverse effects.

title: An 8-Month Systems Toxicology Inhalation/Cessation Study in @entity6970 -/- XXXX to Investigate Cardiovascular and Respiratory Exposure Effects of a Candidate Modified Risk @entity286 Product, THS 2.2, Compared with Conventional Cigarettes.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['nasal epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['initial emphysematous changes and the aortic plaque area']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is of restricted value for the in vivo characterization of @entity5 types. The applicability of @entity3151 -31 (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in the diagnosis of @entity2721 is unknown. METHODS: A total of 191 consecutive @entity1 (85 females and 106 males; mean age 41 years, range 1-80) with @entity2721 on MRI were analyzed for additional 31P spectroscopy. Histology and/or cytology was obtained from all @entity5 . Because of low sensitivity of the 31P nucleus and the contamination of surrounding tissue, only large, superficially located @entity5 accessible to the surface coil could be accepted for MRS. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity1 (11%) could be included in the study. From this remaining group only 12 studies (57%) produced spectra with well resolved @entity3151 peaks and an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. However, these spectra did not allow differentiation between the benign and malignant nature of the lesions. The other 9 studies showed spectra with poor signal intensities and/or poorly defined peaks, making @entity5 differentiation impossible. CONCLUSION: Only 6% of the @entity2721 produced well defined spectra, which implies that localized 31P MRS cannot be considered as a routine technique in the diagnostic and treatment evaluation of @entity2721 .

title: Clinical applicability of @entity1 in vivo localized @entity3151 -31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2721 :: ('MESH:D018213', 'Disease') :: ['a well-defined bone or soft tissue tumor', 'bone and soft tissue tumors']

answer: @entity2721 :: (MESH:D018213,Disease) :: ['bone and soft tissue tumors']


abstract: We report the clinical and genetic findings in a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity51832 ( @entity51832 ). The @entity1 had a family history of @entity459 ( @entity459 ) and uterine @entity81 in her mother. The @entity1 presented @entity425 . The diagnosis of @entity459 was confirmed by an elevated @entity3243 hormone level above 1450 pg/ml with @entity2741 and @entity5200 . X-ray radiographies showed a radiolucent lesion in the right body of the mandible. Bilateral neck exploration was performed. An inferior right parathyroidectomy, a left thyroid lobectomy with isthmectomy and thymectomy were carried out. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed a @entity1373 of the @entity3243 principal cells. The association of @entity459 with a right jaw @entity5 and uterine @entity81 suggested the diagnosis of @entity51832 . Mutation screening of @entity15966 gene was carried out and identified a germline mutation, consisting in a base deletion in exon 1, @entity70841 , inducing a frameshift. The diagnosis of @entity51832 is clinically important because of its hereditary component and its high risk of @entity5 , making a genetic inquiry necessary.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism', 'PHPT']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'parathyroid malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity5200 :: ('MESH:D053565', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuria']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity51832 :: ('MESH:C563273', 'Disease') :: ['HPT-JT', 'hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome', 'HPT-JT syndrome']

entities_list: @entity81 :: ('MESH:D005350', 'Disease') :: ['fibroma']

answer: @entity51832 :: (MESH:C563273,Disease) :: ['Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome']


abstract: Impaired linear growth has been reported in @entity1 treated during childhood with allogeneic stem cell transplantation and fractionated total body irradiation (fTBI). The objective of this study was to determine the final height and body mass index (BMI) achieved. Forty-nine @entity1 with @entity1778 were included and surveyed for more than 5 years. Median age at follow-up was 24.3 years (range, 18.9-35.8) and median follow-up time from allograft was 14.4 years (range, 4.5-21.9). Mean height standard deviation score (s.d.s.) at final examination (-1.1    1.3,) was significantly lower than at fTBI (0.3    1.2; P = .001). Final height s.d.s. was significantly correlated with age at diagnosis, age at fTBI, and target height (P = .001; P < .001; P < .001, respectively). Final height was significantly lower in @entity1 transplanted before age 5 (P = .006). Growth hormone treatment (n = 6) had only a modest effect on growth velocity. Mean BMI at follow-up was normal at 19.6 kg/m(2) for @entity1 and 21.2 for @entity1 , but with a significant decrease since allograft only for @entity1 (-1.2    1.5 s.d.s.) (P = .003). In conclusion, final height is decreased; BMI is normal but decreased from fTBI in @entity1 .

title: Final height and body mass index after fractionated total body irradiation and allogeneic stem cell transplantation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'girls']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: Mesosomes were isolated and purified from @entity7178 under hypertonic conditions throughout preparation processes. The purified mesosomal preparation was composed of closed tubules and vesicles. Electron-dense ribosome-like particles were observed within the isolated mesosomal vesicles by electron microscopy. The ribosome-like particles were isolated from the purified mesosomes by a procedure involving solubilization of the membranes with detergents followed by centrifugation on a linear density gradient of @entity969 . The isolated particles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S in the presence of 10 mM @entity1025 , when @entity1025 concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM, the particles were dissociated into two sub-particles of 30S and 50S. The 70S particles had the same appearance as cytoplasmic 70S ribosome particles upon observations of negatively stained preparations. These findings indicate that mesosomal tubules contain ribosomes. The isolated mesosomal ribosomes had the ability for protein synthesis when @entity22878 -directed @entity37251 synthesis was assayed. The sensitivity of mesosomal ribosomes to inhibitors, @entity2755 and @entity3639 , for protein synthesis was significantly lower than that of both cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition, three @entity114 -binding proteins were detected in the mesosomal membranes. One of these was localized predominantly in the mesosomal membranes and the other two were distributed almost equally in both mesosomal and cytoplasmic membranes.

title: Characterization of mesosomes of @entity7178 : isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of XXXX -binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

entities_list: @entity22878 :: ('CHEBI:73279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyuridylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity37251 :: ('MESH:C012001', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenylalanine']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: Up-to-date observations in the regions where effective food @entity1496 supplementation was introduced confirm a significant decrease in @entity5651 incidence. However, in some regions the incidence of @entity5651 remains unchanged or even the increase in the frequency of @entity66 of the thyroid like, Grave's-Basedov disease and chronic/subacute @entity1669 is observed. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of @entity66 of the thyroid in @entity1 aged 6-13 years in the Polish population after 5 years of obligatory @entity1496 supplementation program. The study included 480 school @entity1 from 4 elementary schools chosen randomly in the city of Bia  ystok and 120 @entity1 at the same age treated due to @entity5651 with KI and/or thyroxin for minimum 12 months in the Regional Specialist Outpatient Clinic of Endocrinology. All @entity1 underwent physical examination with palpation of @entity5651 and USG of the thyroid. @entity1496 concentration was assessed in the morning urine by the catalytic method of Sandell-K  lthoff. The concentrations ofTSH and antibodies against TSH, @entity5787 ( @entity5787 ) and @entity3745 (Tg) were also determined. The mean concentrations of anti-Tg antibodies were statistically significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity5651 in comparison with @entity1 with the thyroid gland within the norm (155.8 IU/ml vs. 24.4 IU/ml, p = 0.045). In @entity1 with @entity5651 the incidence of'positive' titre of anti-Tg antibodies was 4-fold as high as in @entity1 without @entity5651 (33.3% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.0147). High incidence of antibodies against @entity3745 in the population of @entity1 with @entity5651 and a positive correlation between the titre of anti-Tg antibodies and the size of the thyroid in this group suggest a significant role of @entity74 in the pathogenesis of @entity5651 in the studied population.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX of the thyroid in @entity1 in the Bia  ystok population].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1496 :: ('MESH:D007455', 'Chemical') :: ['iodine', 'Iodine']

entities_list: @entity5787 :: ('7173', 'Gene') :: ['TPO', 'thyroid-peroxidase']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunological diseases']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunological disorders']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['autoimmunological disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) for incompletely resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, there is still a paucity of evidence for this approach. Hence, we analyzed survival in 78 @entity1 following radiotherapy for incompletely resected @entity1149 (R1) and investigated prognostic factors. @entity1 AND METHODS: All 78 @entity1 with incompletely resected @entity1149 (R1) received PORT between December 2001 and September 2014. The median total dose for PORT was 60Gy (range 44-68Gy). The majority of @entity1 had locally advanced @entity5 stages (stage IIA (2.6%), stage IIB (19.2%), stage IIIA (57.7%) and stage IIIB (20.5%)). 21 @entity1 (25%) received postoperative chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median follow-up after radiotherapy was 17.7 months. Three-year overall ( @entity3012 ), progression-free (PFS), local (LPFS) and distant progression-free survival (DPFS) rates were 34.1, 29.1, 44.9 and 51.9%, respectively. @entity3012 was significantly prolonged at lower nodal status ( @entity3121 ) and following dose-escalated PORT with total radiation doses >54Gy (p=0.012, p=0.013). Furthermore, radiation doses >54Gy significantly improved PFS, LPFS and DPFS (p=0.005; p=0.050, p=0.022). Interestingly, survival was neither significantly influenced by R1 localization nor by extent (localized vs. diffuse). Multivariate analyses revealed lower nodal status and radiation doses >54.0Gy as the only independent prognostic factors for @entity3012 (p=0.021, p=0.036). CONCLUSION: For incompletely resected @entity1149 , PORT is used for improving @entity5 control. Local progression is still the major pattern of failure. Radiation doses >54Gy seem to support improved local control and were associated with better @entity3012 in this retrospective study.

title: Outcome and prognostic factors of postoperative radiation therapy (PORT) after incomplete resection of @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the development of post-extraction @entity582 (PEB) after the prophylactic use of @entity1216 (CHX). @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 201 @entity1 who underwent a tooth extraction were randomly distributed into four groups: 52 received no prophylaxis (CONTROL), 50 did a mouthwash with 0.2% CHX before the tooth extraction (CHX-MW), 51 did a mouthwash with 0.2% CHX and a subgingival irrigation with 1% CHX (CHX-MW/SUB_IR) and 48 did a mouthwash with 0.2% CHX and a continuous supragingival irrigation with 1% CHX (CHX-MW/SUPRA_IR). Peripheral venous blood samples were collected at baseline, 30 seconds after performing the mouthwash and the subgingival or supragingival irrigation, and at 30 seconds and 15 minutes after completion of the tooth extraction. Blood samples were analysed applying conventional microbiological cultures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions performing bacterial identification of the isolates. RESULTS: The prevalences of PEB in the CONTROL, CHX-MW, CHX-MW/SUB_IR and CHX-MWSUPRA_IR groups were 52%, 50%, 55% and 50%, respectively, at 30 seconds and 23%, 4%, 10% and 27%, respectively, at 15 minutes. The prevalence of PEB at 15 minutes was significantly higher in the CONTROL group than in the CHX-MW group (23% versus 4%; p = 0.005). At the same time, no differences were found between CONTROL group and CHX-MW/SUB_IR or CHX-MW/SUPRA_IR groups. Streptococci (mostly viridans group streptococci) were the most frequently identified bacteria (69-79%). CONCLUSIONS: Performing a 0.2% CHX mouthwash significantly reduces the duration of PEB. Subgingival irrigation with 1% CHX didn't increase the efficacy of the mouthwash while supragingival irrigation even decreased this efficacy, probably due to the influence of these maneuvers on the onset of @entity582 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results confirm the suitability of performing a mouthwash with 0.2% CHX before tooth extractions in order to reduce the duration of PEB. This practice should perhaps be extended to all dental manipulations. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02150031.

title: Post-tooth extraction @entity582 : a randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of XXXX prophylaxis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

answer: @entity1216 :: (MESH:D002710,Chemical) :: ['chlorhexidine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phytases hydrolyze phytate to release inorganic @entity1391 , which decreases the requirement for @entity3151 in fertilizers for crops and thus reduces environmental pollutants. This study analyzed microbial communities in rhizosphere sediment, collected in September 2012 from Shenzhen Bay, Guangdong, China, using high-throughput pyrosequencing; the results showed that the dominant taxonomic phyla were Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria, and the proportion of the beneficial bacteria, Bacillus, was 4.95 %. Twenty-nine culturable, phytase-producing bacteria were isolated, their @entity3151 solubilization capacity was analyzed, and they were taxonomically characterized. Their phylogenetic placement was determined using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence analysis. The result shows that most of the isolates are members of the order Bacillales, although seven strains of Enterobacteriales, two strains of Pseudomonadales, and one strain of Oceanospirillales were also identified. The phytase gene was cloned from SPC09, @entity5259 , which showed the highest @entity3151 solubilizing ability among the isolated strains. The gene encoded a primary translation product of 335 @entity1522 . A construct including the 1005-nt ORF fragment, Bc-phy, was transformed into @entity526 . The recombinant phytase was produced and purified, which revealed the temperature optima at 60   C and pH optima at 6.5. The assessment by quantitative PCR (qPCR) showed an abundance of bacteria containing the Bc-phy gene; the level was generally higher in the mangrove forest than in the tidal flats and in surface soil compared to bottom soil, and the highest value was obtained in June. Herein, we report on the cloning, characterization, and activity of a novel phytase isolated from a mangrove system.

title: Microbial diversity of mangrove sediment in Shenzhen Bay and gene cloning, characterization of an isolated phytase-producing strain of SPC09 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5259 :: ('1396', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus cereus']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity5259 :: (1396,Species) :: ['B. cereus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) @entity1 with @entity135 at presentation are the minority. Prognosis for such @entity1 is poor, but there is disagreement about which treatment policy is best adopted. The aim of this study was to identify which groups of @entity1 are best offered radical treatment, examining factors of association, prognosis, and survival. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Regional @entity135 unit. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from @entity1 treated for @entity213 with N3 nodal disease between 1975 and 2005. The data collected included age, sex, @entity5 @entity2802 stage, histological grade, treatment, and survival. Odds ratio was used to calculate whether each parameter was statistically significant. Tumor-specific and observed survival curves were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 275 @entity1 had N3 disease. Multivariate analysis confirmed that advanced disease at the primary site (odds ratio = 4.6, P = .0261) mitigated against curative treatment. @entity5 -specific survival between curative and palliative treatment strategies suggests that aggressive treatment is associated with greatly improved survival (median survival = 1.45 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23-1.67 years; 5-year survival = 26.6%, CI = 17.14%-36.06%) compared with those treated palliatively (median survival = 3.18 months, CI = 3.06-3.30 months; no 5-year survivors; P < .0001). CONCLUSION: A major factor in determining treatment strategies for N3 disease @entity213 is the extent of disease at the primary site. These data suggest that aggressive treatment of the neck improves survival and should be considered in these @entity1 .

title: Extensive neck node metastases (N3) in XXXX : is radical treatment warranted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['tertiary head and neck cancer', 'N3 neck disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Comparison of tumor']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['head and neck squamous carcinoma']


abstract: AIMS: Pre-clinical and few clinical studies suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNC) improves heart function in dilated @entity296 . Our objective was to determine if intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC improves the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of @entity1 with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with a follow-up of 12 months. @entity1 with @entity384 and LVEF <35% were recruited at @entity712 ambulatories in specialized hospitals around Brazil. One hundred and sixty subjects were randomized to intracoronary injection of BMNC or placebo (1:1). The primary endpoint was the difference in change of LVEF between BMNC and placebo groups as determined by echocardiography. One hundred and fifteen @entity1 completed the study. Left ventricular ejection fraction decreased from 24.0% (21.6-26.3) to 19.9% (15.4-24.4) in the BMNC group and from 24.3% (22.1-26.5) to 22.1% (17.4-26.8) in the placebo group. There were no significant differences in changes between cell and placebo groups for left ventricular systolic and diastolic volumes and ejection fraction. Mortality rate was 20.37% in placebo and 21.31% in BMNC. CONCLUSION: Intracoronary injection of autologous BMNC does not improve left ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity384 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00333827.

title: Multicentre, randomized, double-blind trial of intracoronary autologous mononuclear bone marrow cell injection in @entity384 (the dilated XXXX arm of the MiHeart study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy', 'NIDCM']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathies']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ), a derivative of @entity57479 has been most commonly used as an ingredient of oxidative hair dye and permanent tattoos. We have studied the phototoxic potential of @entity10155 under ambient ultraviolet radiation. @entity10155 is photodegraded and form a novel photoproduct under UV A exposure. @entity10155 shows a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability of @entity1 Keratinocyte cells (HaCaT) through @entity98 and NRU test. Significant intracellular ROS generation was measured by @entity21184 assay. It caused an oxidative DNA damage via single stranded DNA breaks, micronuclei and CPD formation. Both lysosome and mitochondria is main target for @entity10155 induced apoptosis which was proved through lysosomal destabilization and release of @entity467 by immunofluorescence, real time PCR and western blot analysis. @entity467 process @entity5353 to active tBID which induces the release of @entity4674 from mitochondria. Mitochondrial depolarization was reported through transmission electron microscopy. The cathepsin inhibitor reduced the release of @entity4674 in @entity10155 treated cells. Thus study suggests that @entity10155 leads to apoptosis via the involvement of lysosome and mitochondria both under ambient UV radiation. Therefore, photosensitizing nature of hair dye ingredients should be tested before coming to market as a cosmetic product for the safety of @entity1 beings.

title: Involvement of @entity467 in mitochondrial apoptosis by XXXX under ambient UV radiation.

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraphenylenediamine']

entities_list: @entity467 :: ('1508', 'Gene') :: ['Cathepsin B', 'cathepsin B']

entities_list: @entity57479 :: ('MESH:C019498', 'Chemical') :: ['paranitroaniline']

answer: @entity7227 :: (MESH:C029728,Chemical) :: ['p-phenylenediamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is a marker of future @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk, yet epidemiological studies have yielded inconsistent results. We therefore studied the association between @entity409 and @entity65 under diverse circumstances. METHODS AND RESULTS: Literature-based meta-analysis of prospective observational studies with >=   12  months of follow-up published in Medline and having information on endothelial function and @entity65 outcomes. Tabular data on @entity1 characteristics, endothelial function assessments and incident @entity65 outcomes were abstracted from individual studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to quantify pooled associations, and I(2) statistic to evaluate between-study heterogeneity. Potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Thirty five studies involving 17,206 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. During more than 80,000 @entity1 -years of observation, up to 2755 @entity65 events were accrued, yielding a pooled relative risk (RR) of 1.25 (95% confidence interval 1.15-1.35) for @entity65 comparing top (i.e. more severe) vs. bottom (less severe) third of @entity409 . There was significant between-study heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias. RRs varied importantly according to the method used to ascertain endothelial function, and were higher among older individuals and among @entity1 with risk factors for @entity65 or established @entity65 at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity409 is an important determinant of cardiovascular outcomes in @entity1 with pre-existing @entity65 , current evidence base does not support its use as a potentially useful measurement for risk stratification in @entity1 at lower risk of @entity65 .

title: A meta-analysis of published studies of XXXX does not support its routine clinical use.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'person', 'people']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['endothelial dysfunction']


abstract: The present study was to investigate the effects of @entity5261 (Agm) on free intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]( i )) of isolated @entity35 ventricular myocytes. [ @entity141 ]( i ) was measured by confocal microscopy in single @entity35 ventricular myocytes which were dissociated by enzymatic dissociation method and loaded with @entity3576 . The changes in [ @entity141 ]( i ) were represented by fluorescence intensity (FI) or relative fluorescence intensity (F/F(0)%). The results showed that the control level of FI value of single @entity35 ventricular myocytes was 128.8+/-13.8 and 119.6+/-13.6 in the presence of normal Tyrode's solution containing @entity141 1.0 mmol/L and @entity141 -free Tyrode's solution, respectively. There was no difference between these two groups (P>0.05). Agm 0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L significantly reduced the [ @entity141 ]( i ) in both extracellular solutions in a concentration-dependent manner. The similar effect of Agm on [ @entity141 ]( i ) was also observed in the presence of EGTA 3 mmol/L. KCl 60 mmol/L, PE 30 micromol/L, and @entity9898 10 micromol/L, all these substances induced [ @entity141 ]( i ) elevations in ventricular myocytes. Agm (0.1, 1, and 10 mmol/L) markedly inhibited the increase in [ @entity141 ]( i ) induced by @entity4338 , @entity2647 (PE), and @entity9898 . When @entity141 waves were produced by increasing extracellular @entity141 concentration from 1 to 10 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L Agm could block the propagating waves of elevated [ @entity141 ]( i ), and reduce the velocity and duration of propagating waves. These results suggest that Agm possesses an inhibitory effects on [ @entity141 ]( i ) via blocking voltage-dependent @entity141 channel, and possibly by alleviating @entity460 release from SR in single isolated @entity35 ventricular myocytes.

title: Effect of XXXX on intracellular free @entity460 concentration in isolated @entity35 ventricular myocytes.

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity5261 :: ('MESH:D000376', 'Chemical') :: ['agmatine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity5261 :: (MESH:D000376,Chemical) :: ['agmatine']


abstract: The absorption-enhancing effects of @entity21454 ( @entity21455 ) dendrimers with various generations (G0-G3) and concentrations [0.1%-1.0% (w/v)] on the pulmonary absorption of peptide and protein drugs were studied in @entity35 . Insulin and calcitonin were chosen as models of peptide and protein drugs, and their pulmonary absorption with or without @entity21455 dendrimers was examined by in vivo pulmonary absorption studies. @entity21455 dendrimers significantly increased the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity35 , and their absorption-enhancing effects were generation dependent. The rank order of absorption enhancement effect of these @entity21455 dendrimers was G3 > G2 > G1 > G0. For the same generation, the absorption-enhancing effects of @entity21455 dendrimers were shown to be concentration dependent. The @entity137 of these @entity21455 dendrimers in the lung tissues was evaluated by measuring the release of protein and the activities of @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The @entity21455 dendrimers with various generations and concentrations did not significantly increase the release of protein and the activities of LDH in BALF, indicating that these dendrimers did not cause any membrane damage to the lung tissues. The zeta potentials of insulin and calcitonin solutions changed to positive by the addition of @entity21455 dendrimers, and the degree of positive charge as determined by the zeta potentials was linearly correlated with the absorption-enhancing effects of the @entity21455 dendrimers. This positive charge of the @entity21455 dendrimers might be related to their absorption-enhancing mechanisms for improving the pulmonary absorption of insulin and @entity175 in @entity35 . In conclusion, the @entity21455 dendrimers are suitable absorption enhancers to improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin without any membrane damage to the respiratory tissues.

title: XXXX dendrimers can improve the pulmonary absorption of insulin and calcitonin in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity21454 :: ('MESH:C531249', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamidoamine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity21454 :: (MESH:C531249,Chemical) :: ['Polyamidoamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the epidemiology of @entity8845 ( @entity8845 ) and @entity8845 ( @entity8845 ) in hemodialysis @entity1 and analyzed the influences of @entity2742 on the formation of oral tori. METHOD: During 2013, 119 hemodialysis @entity1 were recruited for dental examinations for this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral tori in our sample group was high at 33.6% (40 of 119). The most common location of tori was @entity8845 (70.0%), followed by @entity8845 (20.0%), and then both @entity8845 and @entity8845 (10.0%). Of the 40 tori cases, most (67.5%) were <2 cm in size; moreover, the majority (52.5%) were flat in shape. In symmetry, most (70.0%) occurred in the midline, followed by bilateral sides (20.0%). Notably, the levels of intact parathyroid hormone did not differ in @entity1 with or without tori (P = 0.611). Furthermore, @entity1 with tori did not differ from @entity1 without tori in inflammatory variables such as log high-sensitivity @entity1851 (P = 1.000) or nutritional variables such as albumin (P = 0.247). Finally, there were no differences between @entity1 with and without tori in adequacy of dialysis (P = 0.577). CONCLUSIONS: Neither @entity2742 nor inflammation @entity3147 was found to contribute to the formation of oral tori in chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . Further studies are warranted.

title: Oral tori in chronic hemodialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8845 :: ('MESH:C566043', 'Disease') :: ['TP', 'torus palatinus', 'torus mandibularis', 'TM']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a context where there is an increasing demand to evaluate the outcome of bio-medical research, our work aims to develop a set of indicators to measure the impact of translational @entity5 research. The objective of our study was to explore the scope and issues of translational research relevant to evaluation, explore the views of researchers on the evaluation of oncological translational research, and select indicators measuring the outcomes and outputs of translational research in oncology by consensus. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews amongst 23 researchers involved in translational @entity5 research were conducted and analysed using thematic analysis. A two-round modified Delphi survey of 35 @entity1 with similar characteristics was then performed followed by a physical meeting. @entity1 rated the feasibility and validity of 60 indicators. The physical meeting was held to discuss the methodology of the new indicators. RESULTS: The main themes emerging from the interviews included a common definition for translational research but disagreements about the exact scope and limits of this research, the importance of multidisciplinarity and collaboration for the success of translational research, the disadvantages that translational research faces in current evaluation systems, the relative lack of pertinence of existing indicators, and propositions to measure translational @entity5 research in terms of clinical applications and @entity1 outcomes. A total of 35 @entity1 took part in the first round survey and 12 in the second round. The two-round survey helped us select a set of 18 indicators, including four that seemed to be particularly adapted to measure translational @entity5 research impact on health service research (number of biomarkers identified, generation of clinical guidelines, citation of research in clinical guidelines, and citation of research in public health guidelines). The feedback from @entity1 helped refine the methodology and definition of indicators not commonly used. CONCLUSION: Indicators need to be accepted by stakeholders under evaluation. This study helped the selection and refinement of indicators considered as the most relevant by researchers in translational @entity5 research. The feasibility and validity of those indicators will be tested in a scientometric study.

title: Identifying potential indicators to measure the outcome of translational XXXX research: a mixed methods approach.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is mounting evidence for the contribution of @entity2204 to the pathophysiology of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Studies also indicate that plasma @entity2204 levels may reflect disease status, suggesting that @entity2204 is a potential @entity195 biomarker. However, while some studies of @entity2204 levels in plasma have presented correlations with @entity195 pathology, others have not. Thus, there is a lack of consensus as to the suitability of plasma @entity2204 as an @entity195 biomarker. The major objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate total plasma @entity2204 as well as levels of the @entity2204 form in a large, highly characterized cohort which included both healthy controls and @entity1 with early-stage @entity195 . METHODS: Total @entity2204 and @entity2204 were measured in 1,079 individuals drawn from the highly characterized Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study. Total and isoform-specific plasma @entity2204 levels were then compared with cerebral Ab load, as assessed by PET using Pittsburgh compound B ( @entity7659 ). RESULTS: Total @entity2204 and @entity2204 levels were found to be significantly lower in @entity1 with @entity195 in the entire cohort, and decrease with Ab load in the @entity7659 -PET subset. @entity2204 levels were significantly lower among   4 homozygous individuals. In @entity2204 /  4 heterozygote carriers, @entity2204 levels decrease, indicating that @entity2204 levels increase with disease. CONCLUSION: Analysis of cross-sectional data from the AIBL study indicates that plasma @entity2204 levels are altered in @entity195 and correlate with @entity195 pathology level. The significance of these findings will be determined in the AIBL longitudinal study of aging.

title: Plasma apolipoprotein E and XXXX risk: the AIBL study of aging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-126( @entity10013 ) has been shown to be frequently down-regulated in a variety of @entity5 and act as a potential @entity5 suppressor. However, its correlations with the clinicopathological characters of @entity5 remain unclear. METHODS: TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the expression level of @entity10013 in tissue samples. The associations of @entity10013 expression with clinicopathologic variables were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to analyze the association of @entity10013 expression with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of @entity1 . Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: @entity10013 expression level in @entity1 @entity5 tissues was significantly lower than that in adjacent nontumorous tissues (mean        SD: 0.59        0.44 vs. 1.00        0.51, P   <   0.0001). Decreased @entity10013 expression in @entity5 was found to be significantly associated with lymphatic invasion (P   =   0.002), distant @entity3 (P   <   0.001), FIGO stage (P   =   0.009), and histological grade (P   =   0.005). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity1 with lower levels of @entity10013 had significantly poorer survival than those with higher expression of this miRNA in @entity1 , with a 5-year @entity1349 of 45.7% and 70.9%, respectively (P   =   0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity10013 expression (HR   =   3.97, 95% CI: 2.01-20.22; P   =   0.003) was independently associated with the @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggests the potential of @entity10013 as a prognostic biomarker for @entity5 . VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/13000_2014_220.

title: Decreased expression of microRNA-126 is associated with poor prognosis in XXXX with @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity2643 was utilized in 70 @entity1 with symptomatic, sustained refractory @entity591 . Of these, 29 had @entity943 (20 recurrent @entity955 and nine sustained @entity4710 ). Control was achieved in eight with @entity4710 and in 16 with @entity955 . Recurrence has been prevented in these 24 @entity1 (83%) during an average follow-up of 13.4 months. An additional 41 @entity1 had recurrent @entity1165 . In 19 with symptoms consisting of @entity1296 without @entity1163 or clinically apparent hemodynamic compromise, treatment was limited to @entity2643 . Of these, 14 responded (74%) and have been free of @entity943 during an average follow-up of 13 months. In 22 who had experienced either @entity1163 or life-threatening @entity73 , @entity2643 was added to those agents which had only partially suppressed advanced grades of @entity1540 . Fourteen of these @entity1 (64%) have remained free pf recurrent @entity943 during an average follow-up of 12 months. After drug loading, maintenance therapy consisted of a daily dose ranging from 200 to 600 mg. Only mild side effects have been encountered in the 17 @entity1 (23%) with any untoward responses. This experience confirms that oral @entity2643 is an effective and safely applied agent against recurrent refractory @entity4710 and sustained intractable @entity1165 with moderate symptoms. While also efficacious in refractory sustained life-threatening @entity1165 , usage of the agent is often difficult in this condition owing in part to insufficient information concerning @entity2643 pharmacokinetics.

title: XXXX therapy in symptomatic, sustained refractory @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone', 'Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic impairment']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness of lightheadedness']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia', 'atrial tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmia', 'ventricular arrhythmia', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity2643 :: (MESH:D000638,Chemical) :: ['Amiodarone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Increasing numbers of @entity1 with @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ) have been treated with focused-beam stereotactic radiation treatment (SRT) including Gamma knife, CyberKnife, X-knife, Novalis, or proton beam therapy. The purpose of this study was to document the incidence of @entity5 regrowth or symptoms that worsened or first developed following SRT and to discuss surgical strategies for @entity1 who have failed SRT for @entity5513 . A consecutive series of 39 @entity1 with SRT failed @entity5513 were surgically treated. Clinical symptoms, @entity5 regrowth at follow-up, intraoperative findings, and surgical outcome were evaluated. There were 15 males and 24 females with a mean age of 51.8  years. Thirty-six @entity1 (92.3  %) demonstrated steady @entity5 growth after SRT. Two (5.1  %) @entity1 with slight increase of the mass underwent surgical resection because of development of unbearable @entity158 . Symptoms that worsened or newly developed following SRT in this series were @entity2319 (41  %), @entity1296 (35.9  %), facial @entity1183 (25.6  %), @entity392 (20.5  %), @entity2103 (7.7  %), and @entity158 (7.7  %). Intraoperative findings demonstrated fibrous changes of the @entity5 mass, cyst formation, and brownish-yellow or purple discoloration of the @entity5 capsule. Severe adhesions between the @entity5 capsule and cranial nerves, vessels, and the brainstem were observed in 69.2  %. Additionally, the facial nerve was more fragile and irritable in all cases. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved in 33.3  % of @entity1 , near-total resection (NTR) in 35.9  %, and subtotal resection (STR) in 30.8  % of @entity1 . New @entity2103 was seen in seven @entity1 (19.4  %) postoperatively. Our findings suggest that @entity1 with @entity5513 who fail SRT with either @entity5 progression or worsening of clinical symptoms will have an increased rate of adhesions to the @entity531 and may have radiation-influenced neuromalacia. Salvage surgery of radiation-failed @entity5 is more difficult and will have a higher risk of @entity260 . Radical total resection may not be feasible, and conservative modality of subtotal resection needs to be considered to avoid new @entity51 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX after failed radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['VS', 'vestibular schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['facial pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular structures']

answer: @entity5513 :: (MESH:D009464,Disease) :: ['vestibular schwannomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advances in therapies for @entity0 , improvement in survival for @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 has been difficult to establish. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 has improved from 1974 to 2000. METHODS: The authors analyzed the survival experience of 834 @entity1 who developed recurrent @entity0 between November 1974 and December 2000. All @entity1 had been treated previously with adjuvant @entity4349 -based protocols. @entity1 were divided into five consecutive groups based on year of @entity0 recurrence, and survival was compared across the five groups. Because some prognostic variables were divided unevenly divided among the cohorts, a multivariate model was created to determine the association of year of recurrence and survival after accounting for other prognostic factors. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement in survival across the five groups, and the more recent cohorts had longer survival (P < 0.001). Other variables that predicted longer survival after @entity0 recurrence included smaller @entity5 size, lower stage of disease, fewer lymph nodes involved, longer disease-free interval, @entity172 receptor-positive @entity5 , and nonvisceral dominant site of disease recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, which adjusted for these prognostic factors, year of recurrence was associated with a trend toward improved survival, with a 1% reduction in risk for each increasing year. CONCLUSIONS: For these cohorts of @entity1 , the authors present data suggesting that the prognosis for @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 improved between 1974 and 2000.

title: Is XXXX survival improving?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['initial tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A few trials so far have evaluated the effectiveness of algorithms designed to calculate doses in oral anticoagulant therapy, with negative or contradictory results. We compared a genotype-guided algorithm vs physician management for the initiation of @entity11271 . In a two-arm, prospective, randomised study with @entity1 with @entity955 who started therapy, the first dose was administered to all @entity1 according to the physician's criteria. At 72 hours, the corresponding dose was calculated based on INR in the standard care group (SC, N=92), whereas genetic data ( @entity5058 , @entity5060 and @entity5062 ) were also considered for the genotype-guided dosing (pharmacogenetic) group (PGx, N=87) by using an algorithm previously validated in 2,683 @entity1 . The primary outcomes were: @entity1 with steady dose, the time needed to reach the same and the percentage of therapeutic INRs. After 90 days, 25   % of the SC and 39   % of the PGx @entity1 reached the steady dose (p=0.038). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that PGx group needed fewer days to reach therapeutic INR (p=0.033). Additionally, PGx had a higher percentage of therapeutic INRs than SC @entity1 (50   % and 45   %, respectively) (p=0.046). After six months the proportion of steadily anticoagulated @entity1 remained significantly higher in PGx (p=0.010). In conclusion, genotype-guided dosing was associated with a higher percentage of @entity1 with steady dose than routine practice when starting oral anticoagulation with @entity11271 .

title: Genotype-guided therapy improves initial XXXX dosing. Results from a prospective randomised study.

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity11271 :: (MESH:D000074,Chemical) :: ['acenocoumarol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Smoking during pregnancy is the most important, preventable cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes including @entity2208 , @entity600 , and low birth weight with huge financial costs to the National Health Service. However, there are very few published economic evaluations of smoking cessation interventions in pregnancy and previous studies are predominantly U.S.-based and do not present incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER). A number of studies have demonstrated cost-effectiveness of @entity1239 replacement therapy (NRT) in the general population, but this has yet to be tested among pregnant smokers. METHODS: A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken alongside the smoking, @entity1239 , and pregnancy trial to compare NRT patches plus behavioral support to behavioral support alone, for pregnant @entity1 who smoked. RESULTS: At delivery, biochemically verified quit rates were slightly higher at 9.4% in the NRT group compared to 7.6% in the control group (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% CI = 0.82-1.96), at an increased cost of around   90 per @entity1 . Higher costs in the NRT group were mainly attributable to the cost of NRT patches (mean =   46.07). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio associated with NRT was   4,926 per quitter and a sensitivity analysis including only singleton births yielded an ICER of   4,156 per quitter. However, wide confidence intervals indicated a high level of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: Without a specific willingness to pay threshold, and due to high levels of statistical uncertainty, it is hard to determine the cost-effectiveness of NRT in this population. Furthermore, future research should address compliance issues, as these may dilute any potential effects of NRT, thus reducing the cost-effectiveness.

title: Cost-Effectiveness of XXXX Patches for Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy: A Placebo Randomized Controlled Trial (SNAP).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['premature birth']

answer: @entity1239 :: (MESH:D009538,Chemical) :: ['Nicotine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Long-term potentiation induced by conditioning electrical stimulation of afferent fibers is a widely studied form of synaptic plasticity in the brain and the spinal cord. In the spinal cord dorsal horn, long-term potentiation is induced by a series of high-frequency trains applied to primary afferent fibers. Conditioning stimulation (CS) of sciatic nerve primary afferent fibers also induces expression of immediate early gene proteins in the lumbar spinal cord. However, the time course of immediate early gene expression and the rostral-caudal distribution of expression in the spinal cord have not been systematically studied. Here, we examined the effects of sciatic nerve conditioning stimulation (10 stimulus trains, 0.5 ms stimuli, 7.2 mA, 100 Hz, train duration 2 s, 8 s intervals between trains) on cellular expression of immediate early genes, @entity5019 and @entity11970 , in anesthetized @entity35 . Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on sagittal sections obtained from Th13- L5 segments of the spinal cord at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 h post-CS. Strikingly, all immediate early genes exhibited a monophasic increase in expression with peak increases detected in dorsal horn neurons at 2 hours post-CS. Regional analysis showed peak increases at the location between the L3 and L4 spinal segments. Both Arc, @entity5019 and @entity11970 remained significantly elevated at 2 hours, followed by a sharp decrease in immediate early gene expression between 2 and 3 hours post-CS. Colocalization analysis performed at 2 hours post-CS showed that all @entity5019 and @entity11970 neurons were positive for Arc, while 30% and 43% of Arc positive neurons were positive for @entity5019 and @entity11970 , respectively. The present study identifies the spinal cord level and time course of immediate early gene (IEGP) expression of relevance for analysis of IEGPs function in neuronal plasticity and nociception.

title: Time Course of Immediate Early Gene Protein Expression in the Spinal Cord following Conditioning Stimulation of the Sciatic Nerve in XXXX .

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: Although hemodynamic-based functional brain imaging techniques are powerful tools to explore the brain functions noninvasively, hemodynamic-based signal is strongly affected by spatial configuration of microvessels. Understanding the quantitative relations between microvascular structure and functional activity is therefore significant to make a valid signal interpretation for the imaging techniques. In the present study, we evaluated depth profiles of microvascular distributions in @entity35 somatosensory subfields (barrel field, forelimb region, trunk region and hindlimb region) and characterized depth variations in microvascular structures, such as locations, lengths and directions of microvessels, throughout the cortical layers (I-VI). To obtain the accurate microvascular structure, we made a customized casting method by using confocal laser scanning microscope. We observed that microvascular distribution successively varied throughout the cortical layers (I-VI) and that the maximum number density of microvessels was consistently found in @entity2172 (III-V). In addition, superficial layers had relatively long microvessels, almost perpendicular to the cortical surface, whereas @entity2172 had short microvessels propagating in all directions. These regional differences in microvascular structures were closely related to the somatosensory subfields, e.g., barrel field was the greatest number density of microvessels among the investigated subfields. Based on these observations, we compared microvascular profiles with previously reported distribution patterns of tissue partial pressure of @entity26 ( @entity4095 ). The results showed that tissue @entity4095 was correlated with microvascular distribution in some but not all of the subfields. This finding shows that detailed microvascular profiles are helpful to investigate causal relationships between microvascular structure and functional activities in cerebral cortex.

title: Successive depth variations in microvascular distribution of XXXX somatosensory cortex.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle layers']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1375 (induced by 8 weeks of oral 0.05% @entity5652 ) heightened the phenotype of mdx @entity19 dystrophin-deficient @entity121 to more closely resemble @entity1 @entity1555 . Muscle repair after crush injury to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) in @entity1375 mdx @entity19 showed decreased myotube formation and delayed debris removal. To investigate whether reduced muscle precursor cell proliferation can account for the effects of @entity1375 on repair from injury, immunocytochemistry for @entity4497 ( @entity4497 ) on muscle precursor cells and autoradiography to detect DNA synthesis were performed in control and mdx TA. The proportions of labelled @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ), @entity6415 ( @entity6415 ), and total mononuclear cell nuclei (TLN, the majority being muscle precursors) were counted in defined areas of regenerating TA after 2 and 4 days recovery. @entity6415 and the numbers of activated satellite cell nuclei on intact fibers were counted in surviving areas. In the same muscle, earlier phases of regeneration were observed in areas distal than proximal to the injury. At 2 days of regeneration, labelled @entity6415 were increased in treated compared with untreated mdx TA. In distal areas at 4 days, fewer muscle precursors had recently fused to myotubes in treated than in untreated mdx. In proximal areas 4 days (relatively late in repair), TLN data suggested that muscle precursor proliferation was greater in @entity1375 compared with untreated mdx TA. @entity4497 immunostaining was consistent with proliferation data and confirmed that there were more muscle precursors in mdx than in control regenerating muscle. These results suggest that @entity1375 prolongs and increases the phase of replication by mdx muscle precursors and delays precursor fusion into myotubes in regeneration.

title: XXXX prolongs and increases mdx muscle precursor proliferation and delays myotube formation in normal and @entity121 .

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroid']

entities_list: @entity6415 :: ('MESH:C566014', 'Disease') :: ['polymorphonuclear leukocyte nuclei', 'PMN', 'myotube nuclei', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity5652 :: ('MESH:D011441', 'Chemical') :: ['propylthiouracil']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathy']

entities_list: @entity4497 :: ('17967(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['NCAM', 'neural cell adhesion molecule']

answer: @entity1375 :: (MESH:D007037,Disease) :: ['Hypothyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) cell signaling pathway is important in @entity32 and cell survival. @entity32 and cell death in the kidney are features of @entity900 -induced @entity810 . While it is known that @entity900 induces NF-kB signaling in the kidney, the NF-kB responsive genes and the effect of direct NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 is not known. @entity19 injected with @entity900 , 25mg/kg, developed @entity810 , @entity4295 ( @entity4295 ) and apoptosis on day 3. @entity19 were treated with @entity72551 (20 or 40mg/kg) which directly affects NF-kB transcriptional activity. Kidney function, @entity810 ( @entity4295 , serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], but not apoptosis) and @entity10873 ( @entity10873 ) activity were significantly improved by @entity72551 (40mg/kg). Sixty one NF-kB responsive genes were increased by @entity900 of which 21 genes were decreased by @entity72551 . Genes that were decreased by @entity72551 that are known to play a role in @entity900 -induced @entity810 were @entity1618 , IFN-y, chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2 ( @entity1750 ) and @entity13761 . Another gene, caspase recruitment domain family, member 11 ( @entity72552 ), not previously known to play a role in @entity810 , was increased more than 20-fold and completely inhibited by @entity72551 . @entity15891 and @entity637 , known mediators of @entity900 -induced @entity810 , were decreased by @entity72551 . @entity72553 , receptor-interacting @entity563 / @entity1889 -protein kinases, that play an important role in necroptosis, were decreased by @entity72551 . In @entity19 proximal tubule cells in culture, @entity72551 resulted in an increase in apoptosis suggesting that the mechanism of protection against @entity810 by @entity72551 is not due to a direct effect on proximal tubules. In conclusion, NF-kB transcriptional inhibition in @entity900 -induced @entity810 without a significant effect on apoptosis and is associated with a decrease pro-inflammatory mediators and @entity72552 .

title: NF-kB transcriptional inhibition ameliorates @entity900 -induced XXXX ( @entity810 ).

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'Inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis', 'ATN']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI ameliorates kidney function and ATN', 'AKI', 'tubular injury']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dual acid-etching is widely used to modify dental implant topography and enhance early bone healing. This study evaluated the histomorphometric, biomechanical, and histological bone response to acid-etched ( @entity5066 ) in comparison with grit-blasted/acid-etched (GB) and machined control (C) implants within sites of relatively low-bone remodeling rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Implant surface topography was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and optical interferometry (IFM). Six adult male @entity742 (n = 6) received 72 Ti-6Al-4V implants (n = 24 per surface) in both ilium (n = 12 per bone bilaterally). The implants remained for 3 and 6 weeks in vivo. The histomorphometric parameters bone-implant contact (BIC) and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) were evaluated. Biomechanical analysis consisted of torque-to-interface failure. RESULTS: IFM analysis showed the highest average surface roughness for GB and the highest density of summits and developed surface area percentage (P < 0.01) for @entity5066 . No difference was observed in BAFO for all groups in 3 and 6 weeks. Increased BIC and torque resistance were observed for @entity5066 implants at both time points after implantation. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, improved bone-to-implant response was observed for the @entity5066 implant surface.

title: Surface Characterization and In Vivo Evaluation of Dual Acid-Etched and Grit-Blasted/Acid-Etched Implants in XXXX .

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['Sheep']


abstract: Previous research has linked exercise under unfavourable environmental conditions to decreased concentration and/or secretion rate of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate exercise in a thermoneutral (TN) and a @entity5032 ( @entity26636 ) environment on the concentration of s-IgA and the secretion rate of s-IgA in moderately active females. Sixteen females (23.4 +/- 6.8 yrs, 61.1 +/- 5.9 kg, 1.64 +/- 0.07 m) served as subjects for this study. On separate occasions, one week apart, all subjects ran or walked for 30 minutes at 71 % of individual heart rate reserve on an outdoor (1 degrees C) or an indoor track (24 degrees C). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected for 4-min immediately pre (PR), post (POST), and 30-min post (30POST) exercise. Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaires were completed pre and post exercise intervention and Global Mood State (GMS) was calculated. The absolute concentration of s-IgA, and total non-specific protein were measured and the secretion rate of s-IgA and s-IgA:Protein were calculated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that flow rate increased in @entity26636 and decreased in TN such that it was significantly lower (POST) and (30POST) in the TN environment when compared to @entity26636 . There was a significant increase in the secretion rate of s-IgA at 30POST for the @entity26636 trial and a significant decrease at 30POST for the TN trial. No significant differences were found for the concentration of s-IgA, the s-IgA:Protein:ratio, or GMS. Stepwise regression revealed that with all predictors in the model, only the concentration of s-IgA accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in @entity5032 temperature, while in the TN environment, both the concentration of s-IgA and the flow rate accounted for significant proportions of the variance. These findings suggest that moderate exercise in @entity5032 temperatures does not decrease secretion rate of s-IgA, while exercise in TN temperatures does.

title: s-IgA response in females following a single bout of moderate intensity exercise in XXXX and thermoneutral environments.

answer: @entity5032 :: (MESH:C569627,Disease) :: ['cold']