abstract: UNASSIGNED: We used two years of eddy covariance (EC) measurements collected over an intensively grazed dairy pasture to better understand the key drivers of changes in soil organic @entity505 stocks. Analysing grazing systems with EC measurements poses significant challenges as the respiration from grazing animals can result in large short-term @entity515 fluxes. As paddocks are grazed only periodically, EC observations derive from a mosaic of paddocks with very different exchange rates. This violates the assumptions implicit in the use of EC methodology. To test whether these challenges could be overcome, and to develop a tool for wider scenario testing, we compared EC measurements with simulation runs with the detailed ecosystem model CenW 4.1. Simulations were run separately for 26 paddocks around the EC tower and coupled to a footprint analysis to estimate net fluxes at the EC tower. Overall, we obtained good agreement between modelled and measured fluxes, especially for the comparison of evapotranspiration rates, with model efficiency of 0.96 for weekly averaged values of the validation data. For net ecosystem productivity (NEP) comparisons, observations were omitted when @entity291 grazed the paddocks immediately around the tower. With those points omitted, model efficiencies for weekly averaged values of the validation data were 0.78, 0.67 and 0.54 for daytime, night-time and 24-hour NEP, respectively. While not included for model parameterisation, simulated gross primary production also agreed closely with values inferred from eddy covariance measurements (model efficiency of 0.84 for weekly averages). The study confirmed that CenW simulations could adequately model @entity505 and water exchange in grazed pastures. It highlighted the critical role of animal respiration for net @entity515 fluxes, and showed that EC studies of grazed pastures need to consider the best approach of accounting for this important flux to avoid unbalanced accounting.

title: Modelling XXXX and water exchange of a grazed pasture in New Zealand constrained by eddy covariance measurements.

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Accumulation of postprandial @entity1674 -rich lipoproteins is generated by assimilation of ingested dietary fat and has been increasingly related to atherogenic risk. Nevertheless, the influence of different kinds of dietary @entity1718 on postprandial lipid metabolism is not well established, except for (n-3) polyunsaturated long-chain @entity1718 . Our goal was to evaluate the effects of test meals containing a common edible fat source of saturated (butter), monounsaturated (olive oil) or (n-6) polyunsaturated (sunflower oil) @entity1718 on postprandial lipid and @entity1674 -rich lipoprotein responses. After a 12-h fast, 10 healthy young @entity1 ingested mixed meals containing 0 g (control) or 40 g fat, provided as butter, olive oil or sunflower oil in a random order. Fasting and postmeal blood samples were collected for 7 h. The no-fat test meal did not elicit any change over baseline except for plasma phospholipids, insulin and nonesterified @entity1718 . Conversely, the three fat-containing meals elicited bell-shaped postprandial changes (P < 0.05) in serum @entity1674 , free and esterified @entity165 , and nonesterified @entity1718 . The butter meal induced a lower postprandial rise of @entity1674 in serum and chylomicrons (incremental AUC, mmol.h/L: 0.72) than the two unsaturated oils (olive oil: 1.6, sunflower oil: 1.8), which did not differ. Circulating chylomicrons were smaller after the butter meal than after the two vegetable oil meals. The in vitro susceptibility of circulating chylomicrons to hydrolysis by postheparin plasma was higher after sunflower oil than after butter or olive oil. We conclude that butter results in @entity407 and chylomicron accumulation in the circulation of young @entity1 than olive or sunflower oils after consumption of a single mixed meal.

title: Butter differs from olive oil and sunflower oil in its effects on postprandial XXXX and @entity1674 -rich lipoproteins after single mixed meals in healthy young @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['lower postprandial lipemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['lipemia']


abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1920 -activated protein kinase ( @entity33725 ) is involved in the regulation of @entity413 and glycogen metabolism in skeletal muscle. We used @entity1 with chronic high muscle glycogen stores and deficient glycogenolysis ( @entity9847 ) as a model to address this issue. Six @entity9847 @entity1 were compared with control subjects during exercise. Muscle alpha2AMPK activity increased in @entity9847 @entity1 (from 1.3 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.2 pmol min(-1) mg(-1), P = 0.05) but not in control subjects (from 1.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.3 +/- 0.3 pmol min(-1) mg(-1)). Exercise-induced phosphorylation of the in vivo @entity33725 substrate @entity6625 carboxylase (ACCbeta; Ser(221)) was higher (P < 0.01) in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (18 +/- 3 vs. 10 +/- 1 arbitrary units). Exercise-induced whole-body @entity413 utilization was also higher in @entity9847 @entity1 than in control subjects (P < 0.05). No correlation between individual @entity33725 or ACCbeta values and @entity413 utilization was observed. @entity3156 ( @entity3156 ) activity was decreased in @entity9847 @entity1 from 11 +/- 1.3 to 5 +/- 1.2 % (P < 0.05) and increased in control subjects from 19 +/- 1.6 to 23 +/- 2.3 % (P < 0.05) in response to exercise. This was not associated with activity changes of @entity3156 kinase 3 or protein phosphatase 1, but the changes in @entity3156 activity could be due to changes in activity of @entity33725 or protein kinase A (PKA) as a negative correlation between either ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) or plasma @entity1425 and @entity3156 activity was observed. These findings suggest that @entity3156 activity is increased by glycogen breakdown and decreased by @entity33725 and possibly PKA activation and that the resultant @entity3156 activity depends on the relative strengths of the various stimuli. Furthermore, @entity33725 may be involved in the regulation of @entity413 utilization during exercise in @entity1 , although the lack of correlation between individual @entity33725 activity or ACCbeta phosphorylation (Ser(221)) values and individual @entity413 utilization during exercise implies that @entity33725 may not be an essential regulator.

title: Role of @entity1920 -activated protein kinase in glycogen synthase activity and @entity413 utilization: insights from XXXX with @entity9847 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3156 :: ('MESH:C566917', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'Glycogen synthase']

entities_list: @entity9847 :: ('MESH:D006012', 'Disease') :: ['McArdle', "McArdle's disease"]

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl CoA']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A number of molecular changes observed by varied conventional methods, including loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 3, have been associated with primary @entity2 . To further define the locus of chromosome 3p allele loss in @entity2 , we performed LOH study by using innovative laser capture microdissection and WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-eight paired specimens from @entity1 with @entity2220 were used for this study. Formalin-fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue from normal stromal cells or lymphocytes and @entity420 were collected using laser capture microdissection. DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using six polymorphic DNA markers for chromosome 3. PCR products were analyzed by both gel electrophoresis and WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis. RESULTS: LOH at 3p22-24 was found in @entity5 cells from twelve out of thirty-eight @entity1 (32%) when analyzed by WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis and LOH was found in @entity5 cells from nine out of thirty-eight @entity1 (23%) when analyzed by gel electrophoresis. LOH was found in normal control from one out of thirty-eight @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Our results suggest putative @entity5 suppressor gene(s) is present in a region at 3p22-24, which may play a role in @entity2 . 2. Laser capture microdissection is essential tool for defined LOH studies. 3. WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis is an accurate, sensitive and automated tool for analysis of DNA fragments.

title: Loss of heterozygosity in primary XXXX using laser capture microdissection and WAVE DNA fragment analysis techniques.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis of lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the lung']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Opioid ligands may exert antinociception through receptors expressed on peripheral afferent axons. Whether local opioid receptors might attenuate @entity9 is uncertain. In this work, we examined the function and expression of local mu opioid receptors (MORs) associated with the @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) model of sciatic @entity9 in @entity35 . Low-dose @entity1286 or its carrier were percutaneously superfused over the @entity8638 site with the injector blinded to the identity of the injectate. @entity1286 , but not its carrier, and not equimolar systemic doses of @entity1286 reversed thermal @entity1931 in a dose-related, @entity1510 -sensitive fashion. Moreover, @entity1337 was conferred at both 48 hours and 14 days after @entity8638 , times associated with very different stages of nerve repair. Equimolar local DAGO ([D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-(ol)] @entity10971 ), a selective MOR ligand, provided similar @entity1337 . Local @entity1286 also attenuated mechanical @entity1931 . MOR protein was expressed in axonal endbulbs of Cajal just proximal to the injury site, in aberrantly regenerating small axons in the @entity4847 around the @entity8638 site and in residual small axons distal to the @entity8638 lesion. Sensory neurons ipsilateral to @entity8638 had an increase in the proportion of neurons expressing MOR. We suggest that local MOR expressed in axons may be exploited to modulate some forms of @entity9 .

title: Mu opioid receptors and XXXX at the site of a peripheral nerve injury.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'allodynia']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['epineurial sheath']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: @entity71000 ( @entity71000 ) is a synthetic aromatic @entity49406 compound which has a number of important biochemical effects, including inhibition of a family of esteroproteases (trypsin, urokinase, @entity1351 ) previously linked to the complex process of @entity5 invasion. Previous work has suggested that exogenous natural protease inhibitors can block invasion of @entity5 cells across basement membranes (BM) in vitro. The authors studied the effect of BABIM on the @entity1 cell line HT-1080 with the use of a quantitative in vitro amnion invasion assay system. They have verified the ability of these cells to grow in @entity19 and metastasize via the lymphatics or blood vessels on the basis of the route of administration of the inoculum. Cells which were able to actively cross the entire BM were trapped on filters and counted by both brightfield microscopy and by beta scintillation counting of cells whose DNA was labeled with tritiated @entity1014 . In agreement with either counting technique, BABIM, at a concentration of 10(-4) M, significantly inhibited invasion (P less than 0.005) over the 7-day course of the experiments. Under these conditions, the inhibitor was nontoxic and did not alter the attachment of the cells to the amniotic membrane. Furthermore, a highly significant inhibition of invasion (P less than 0.001) was also demonstrated across a variation in molar concentration of BABIM of more than 2 orders of magnitude. Most remarkably, cells were initially inhibited in their ability to invade in the presence of between 10(-9) and 10(-3) M BABIM. Measurement of Type IV specific collagenase in media from these cells shows a significant inhibition of activity in the presence of BABIM. These results suggest two, not necessarily exclusive, alternative interpretations: first, that inhibition of the proteolytic steps along the pathway of activation of basement membrane degrading enzymes results in inhibition of invasion; second, that @entity369 directed esteroproteases may work in concert with cellular collagenolytic metalloproteinases in the process of invasion by @entity1 @entity5 cells through native matrix barriers.

title: In vitro inhibition of XXXX sarcoma cells' invasive ability by @entity71000 --a novel esteroprotease inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity49406 :: ('CHEBI:2634', 'Chemical') :: ['amidine']

entities_list: @entity71000 :: ('MESH:C025426', 'Chemical') :: ['BABIM', 'Bis(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)methane']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effect of bronchoscopy on intestinal mucosal barrier function and its association with intestinal @entity842 production. METHODS: 30 @entity35 were used. The study group (n=15) underwent rigid bronchoscopy. At 24 h following bronchoscopy, ileal @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels were evaluated. The ileum was also examined for @entity16 , and graded according Chiu's histologic injury scale. RESULTS: In the bronchoscopy group, the ileal @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels were significantly higher than those of controls (398.5 +/- 85.1 and 44.5 +/- 6.6 nmol/g tissue, respectively, P=0.001). In the bronchoscopy group, the @entity16 was significant, compared with those of controls (mean ranks, 22.8 and 8.2, P<0.0001). The changes varied from denuded villi and dilated capillaries to significant @entity2167 , @entity1066 and @entity548 . Significant correlation was found between ileal @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels and @entity16 in the bronchoscopy group (rs=0.56, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that bronchoscopy induces @entity1944 in association with excess intestinal @entity842 production. These events may be involved in mechanisms responsible for bacterial translocation after bronchoscopy.

title: Bronchoscopy induces XXXX : a possible role for @entity842 .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['architectural distortion, lamina propria disintegration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction']


abstract: Thirty-one @entity1 were randomized during 39 episodes of @entity548 to receive either 1 g of intravenous @entity3524 (19 @entity1 ) or no antibiotic (20 @entity1 ) immediately before emergency endoscopic sclerotherapy. Blood was obtained for culture before and at 5 minutes, 4 hours, and 24 hours after the procedure. Specimens for culture were taken from the endoscope tip and channel, water bottle, and injection needle after sclerotherapy. When @entity843 was present (5 @entity1 in the antibiotic group, 7 in the control group), fluid was obtained by paracentesis before endoscopy and at 4 and 24 hours. @entity2259 occurred in 1 of 19 @entity1 in the antibiotic group (5.3%), compared with 6 of 19 in the control group (31.6%; p = .04). The cultured organisms were oral flora and usually also contaminated the endoscope and needle. No bacteria were cultured from ascitic fluid in any @entity1 nor was the ascitic fluid white cell count elevated. @entity922 attributable to sclerotherapy did not develop in any @entity1 . In conclusion, the frequency of @entity2259 after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity548 esophageal varices can be reduced by prophylactic administration of intravenous @entity3524 . However, this may not be clinically relevant, given the absence of bacterascites and @entity281 in this study. These findings do not support the routine use of antibiotics before sclerotherapy.

title: XXXX and bacterascites after endoscopic sclerotherapy for @entity548 esophageal varices and prevention by intravenous @entity3524 : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Bacteremia']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['Clinical infection']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['Bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) assessed the clinical and economic impact of @entity34 ( @entity34 ) as compared with treatment-as-usual (TAU) in @entity1 served in public mental health centers. This report presents clinical outcomes in @entity1 with a history of @entity162 ( @entity2403 ), including @entity162 and @entity914 , @entity162 , during 12 months of treatment beginning March 1998 and ending with the final active @entity1 visit in April 2000. METHOD: @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity162 or @entity914 , @entity162 , according to DSM-IV criteria. @entity34 was comprised of a medication algorithm and manual to guide treatment decisions. Physicians and clinical coordinators received training and expert consultation throughout the project. @entity34 also provided a disorder-specific @entity1 and family education package. TAU clinics had no exposure to the medication algorithms. Quarterly outcome evaluations were obtained by independent raters. @entity3628 , based on a declining effects model, was used to assess clinical outcome of @entity34 versus TAU. RESULTS: @entity34 and TAU @entity1 showed significant initial decreases in symptoms (p =.03 and p <.001, respectively) measured by the 24-item Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-24) at the 3-month assessment interval, with significantly greater effects for the @entity34 group. Limited catch-up by TAU was observed over the remaining 3 quarters. Differences were also observed in measures of @entity162 and @entity716 but not in @entity308 , side-effect burden, or functioning. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with a history of @entity162 , relative to TAU, the @entity34 intervention package was associated with greater initial and sustained improvement on the primary clinical outcome measure, the BPRS-24, and the secondary outcome measure, the Clinician-Administered Rating Scale for @entity162 (CARS-M). Further research is planned to clarify which elements of the @entity34 package contributed to this between-group difference.

title: Texas Medication Algorithm Project, phase 3 (TMAP-3): clinical results for @entity1 with a history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar type', 'bipolar I', 'bipolar I disorder', 'Mania', 'mania']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['schizoaffective disorder']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['Hierarchical linear modeling']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['algorithm-driven treatment', 'ALGO']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['mania']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To testify the phenomenon that large amplitude action potential appears at the early stage of @entity3541 , and to search for the mechanism through clinical and experimental studies. @entity1 (ANIMALS) AND METHODS: The action potentials of the orbicular ocular and oral muscles were recorded in 34 normal @entity1 by electromyogram instruments. The normal range of amplitude percentage was found out according to the normal distribution. One hundred @entity1 with @entity3541 were also studied. The action potentials of facial muscles were recorded in 17 @entity840 before and after the facial nerve was compressed and the facial nerve was examined under electromicroscope before and after the compression. RESULTS: The amplitude percentage of the suffered side to the healthy side was more than 153 percent in 6 of the 100 @entity1 . Large amplitude action potential occured in 35 per cent @entity840 which were performed the experiment of @entity2850 . Electromicroscopic examination revealed separation of the lammae of the @entity17 in the @entity840 which exhibited large amplitude action potential. CONCLUSION: The facial nerve exhibited a temporary over-excitability at the early stage of @entity2123 in some @entity1 and @entity840 . If the injury was limited in the myelin sheath, the prognosis was relatively good.

title: Clinical and experimental studies of large amplitude action potential of the suffered facial muscles in intratemporal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ["facial nerve's myelin sheath"]

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['facial nerve paralysis']


abstract: @entity14625 (MG) is a highly reactive @entity413 metabolic intermediate and a major precursor of advanced glycation end products. MG level is elevated in @entity74 such as @entity6 . Substantial evidence has shown that MG is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity6 and @entity6 complications. We investigated the impact of MG on insulin secretion by MIN6 and INS-1 cells and the potential mechanisms of this effect. Our study demonstrates that MG impaired insulin secretion by MIN6 or ISN-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production and apoptosis rate in MIN6 or ISN-1 cells and inhibited mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and @entity855 production. Furthermore, the expression of @entity5912 , JNK, and @entity1435 as well as the phosphorylation JNK and @entity1435 was increased by MG. These effects of MG were attenuated by MG scavenger @entity898 . Collectively, these data indicate that MG impairs insulin secretion of pancreatic b-cells through increasing ROS production. High levels of ROS can damage b-cells directly via JNK/ @entity1435 upregulation and through activation of @entity5912 resulting in reduced MMP and @entity855 production, leading to b-cell dysfunction and impairment of insulin production.

title: @entity14625 Impairs Insulin Secretion of Pancreatic b-Cells through Increased Production of ROS and Mitochondrial Dysfunction Mediated by Upregulation of XXXX and MAPKs.

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetyl cysteine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity5912 :: (7351,Gene) :: ['UCP2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Care management has become a widespread strategy for improving @entity102 care. However, primary care provider (PCP) participation in programs has been poor. Because the success of care management relies on provider engagement, understanding provider perspectives is necessary. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to identify care management functions most valuable to PCPs in @entity101 treatment. DESIGN: Six focus groups were conducted to discuss current challenges in @entity101 care and identify specific functions of care management that would improve care. @entity1 : The study included 39 PCPs (participation rate: 83 %) representing six clinics, two of which care for large African American populations and four that are in underserved locations, in the greater Baltimore metropolitan area. APPROACH: This was a qualitative analysis of focus groups, using grounded theory and iterative coding. KEY RESULTS: Providers desired achieving blood pressure control more rapidly. Collaborating with care managers who obtain ongoing @entity1 data would allow treatment plans to be tailored to the changing life conditions of @entity1 . The P.A.R.T.N.E.R. framework summarizes the care management functions that providers reported were necessary for effective collaboration: Partner with @entity1 , providers, and the community; Arrange follow-up care; Resolve barriers to adherence; Track treatment response and progress; Navigate the health care system with @entity1 ; Educate @entity1 _ Engage @entity1 in self-management; Relay information between @entity1 and/or provider(s). CONCLUSIONS: The P.A.R.T.N.E.R. framework is the first to offer a checklist of care management functions that may promote successful collaboration with PCPs. Future research should examine the validity of this framework in various settings and for diverse @entity1 populations affected by @entity102 .

title: Provider perspectives on essential functions for care management in the collaborative treatment of XXXX : the P.A.R.T.N.E.R. framework.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness', 'chronic diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: A prospective randomized study involving @entity1 with premature rupture of the membranes between the twenty-eighth week and the thirty-fourth week of pregnancy was conducted. @entity1 with @entity5870 , @entity1442 , and fetal distress, as well as those with mature lecithin/ @entity4291 ratios and/or Gram stains positive for bacteria, were delivered immediately. The remaining @entity1 were randomized. One group received @entity5935 . Tocolytic agents were used in this group when necessary. After 48 hours all @entity1 given @entity288 (CS group) were delivered). The second group was managed expectantly (EM group) and were delivered only when spontaneous labor or @entity281 occurred. A total of 160 @entity1 were randomized, 80 in each group. Maternal outcome, including @entity5870 and cesarean section rates, was not different; however, the @entity7288 rate was significantly higher in the CS group (p less than 0.05). Neonatal outcome did not differ in mean birth weights, perinatal @entity204 rates, @entity281 , or incidences of @entity649 . The frequency of prolonged hospital stay (greater than 4 weeks) was higher in the neonates in the CS group (p less than 0.01). The conclusion is that @entity288 and active management in @entity1 with premature rupture of the membranes and premature gestations do not decrease the incidence of @entity649 or perinatal mortality and may aggravate certain infectious complications.

title: Prospective randomized study of XXXX in the management of premature rupture of the membranes and the premature gestation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity5935 :: ('MESH:D001623', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity5870 :: ('MESH:D002821', 'Disease') :: ['chorioamnionitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced labor']

entities_list: @entity4291 :: ('CHEBI:17636', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingomyelin']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: @entity558 ( @entity558 ) prepared from bone marrow (BM) or spleen (SPL) cells from @entity19 injected with @entity1421 in doses ranging from 0.0001 to 10 micrograms was found to contain an activity inhibitory to the proliferation of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells (CFU-GM). This activity was found in medium conditioned for 24 to 48 h, but was not present in medium conditioned for longer time intervals. BM cells from @entity1421 -treated @entity19 incubated over a concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 x 10(6) cells/ml and SPL cells over a range of 1.0 to 10 x 10(6) cells/ml produced @entity558 with equivalent degrees of inhibition for CFU-GM proliferation. Titration of this activity revealed a significant inhibitory effect still present at a 1/256 dilution. Inhibitory activity was similar whether or not @entity558 was prepared in the presence or absence of FCS. Inhibition of CFU-GM development was approximately equal in the presence of either PWM SPL @entity558 or L cell @entity558 as sources of CSF activity. Morphologic analysis of CFU-GM revealed an equivalent inhibition of monocyte, monocyte-neutrophil, and neutrophil CFU-GM by the @entity1421 -stimulated inhibitory activity. Equivalent picogram amounts of @entity5014 were measured in @entity558 derived from BM or SPL cells from either control or @entity1421 -treated @entity19 , indicating a low probability that injected @entity1421 was carried over in the @entity558 and contributed to CFU-GM inhibition. Protease digestion of BM or SPL cell @entity558 from @entity1421 -treated @entity19 revealed a loss of inhibitory activity after trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, and neuraminidase treatment. Inhibitory activity was also ablated by heat treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min and 100 degrees C for 5 min. @entity3323 -agarose gel filtration of BM @entity558 revealed an active inhibitory fraction in the Mr range of 5.5 to 8.0 kDa. The results of the present study suggest that one of the mechanisms by which @entity1421 exerts its in vivo myelopoietic inhibitory action may be by stimulating the production of an inhibitory factor or factors from BM and SPL cells.

title: In vivo modulation of myelopoiesis by @entity1421 . IV. XXXX induction of myelopoietic inhibitory activity.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'Conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity3323 :: ('MESH:D020106', 'Chemical') :: ['Acrylamide']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['Prostaglandin E2']


abstract: AIM: To validate the association between atypical endoscopic features and @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ). METHODS: A total of 247 @entity1 with @entity8799 (NETs) were analyzed. Endoscopic images were reviewed independently by two endoscopists, each of whom classified @entity5 by sized and endoscopic features, such as shape, color, and surface change (kappa coefficient 0.76 for inter-observer agreement). All of @entity1 underwent computed tomography scans of abdomen and pelvis for evaluation of @entity1600 . Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with @entity1600 . Additionally, the association between endoscopic atypical features and immunohistochemical staining of @entity5 was analyzed. RESULTS: Of 247 @entity1 , 156 (63.2%) were male and 15 (6.1%) were showed positive for @entity1600 . On univariate analysis, @entity5 size (P < 0.001), shape (P < 0.001), color (P < 0.001) and surface changes (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with @entity1600 . On multivariate analysis, @entity5 size (OR = 11.53, 95%CI: 2.51-52.93, P = 0.002) and atypical surface (OR = 27.44, 95%CI: 5.96-126.34, P < 0.001) changes were independent risk factors for @entity1600 . The likelihood of atypical endoscopic features increased as @entity5 size increased. Atypical endoscopic features were associated with @entity1600 in rectal NETs < 10 mm (P = 0.005) and 10-19 mm (P = 0.041) in diameter. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the rate of atypical endoscopic features was higher in non L-cell @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Atypical endoscopic features as well as @entity5 size are predictive factors of @entity1600 in @entity1 with rectal NETs.

title: Clinical impact of atypical endoscopic features in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis', 'LNM']

entities_list: @entity8799 :: ('MESH:D018358', 'Disease') :: ['rectal neuroendocrine tumors']

answer: @entity8799 :: (MESH:D018358,Disease) :: ['rectal neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal was to assess a possible relationship between the detection of mRNA from @entity8587 gene in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and neoplastic relapse in pediatric @entity1 being treated for lymphoid precursor cell neoplasms. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ninety-four @entity1 less than 19 years old with lymphoid precursor cell @entity1778 in hematologic remission and without central nervous system (CNS) compromise were included. Cytology, cytochemistry, cell count, and qualitative RT-PCR were performed using routine CSF samples obtained during intrathecal chemotherapy administration. The main outcome measure was clinical, radiologic, and cytologic evidence of CNS, hematologic or any other type of neoplastic relapse. RESULTS: At some time during follow-up, 28.7% of the @entity1 had a positive @entity8587 CSF test. Relapses included 10 @entity1 with isolated hematologic, 4 with isolated CNS, 1 with combined CNS and hematologic, and 1 with mediastinal relapse; the maximal follow-up period was 312 days. A statistically significant association was found between the detection of @entity8587 in CSF and CNS relapse. Adjusted hazard rate ratios of 5.04 (95% confidence interval 1.33-19.12) and 7.48 (2.34-23.93) were estimated for isolated hematologic relapse and for all types of relapses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is likely that the short follow-up period underestimated the incidence of relapse, this study was able to identify a strong association between @entity8587 mRNA detection and CNS or hematologic relapse. These findings represent a potentially novel and useful approach for subclinical disease detection.

title: XXXX mRNA in cerebrospinal fluid associated with relapse in pediatric lymphoblastic leukemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

answer: @entity8587 :: (7490,Gene) :: ['WT1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) to correct refractive @entity1714 , @entity940 , or both after keratoplasty. SETTING: Eye Clinic Day Hospital, S  o Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Twenty-two eyes that had previously had corneal transplantation were studied. Laser in situ keratomileusis was performed using the Chiron automated microkeratome and the VISX Twenty-Twenty B excimer laser. RESULTS: Mean follow-up after LASIK was 10.09 months +/- 3.87 (SD). The spherical equivalent refraction dropped from -4.55 +/- 3.66 D before LASIK to -0.67 +/- 1.24 D after surgery. At the last examination, 72.7% of @entity1 had a @entity2516 within +/- 1.00 D of emmetropia and 54.5% had uncorrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Vector analysis of astigmatic correction showed an index of success of 54.0%. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity was unchanged in 8 cases, improved in 9, and decreased in 5. Significant endothelial cell loss, keratoplasty wound dehiscence, and other serious complications did not develop in any eye. CONCLUSION: The correction of @entity2516 with LASIK in postkeratoplasty @entity1 proved to be safe, effective, and predictable. Further studies with longer follow-up are needed to determine the method's clinical value.

title: Laser in situ keratomileusis to correct XXXX after keratoplasty.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['refractive errors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most commonly used regimen for the treatment of advanced @entity978 ( @entity978 ) is ABVD ( @entity632 , @entity1732 , @entity5713 and @entity2699 ). Two of these components, @entity1732 and @entity2699 , have defined @entity137 such as @entity3794 and @entity390 / @entity391 , and also uncertain single-drug activity. The EVA regimen ( @entity2879 , @entity5713 , @entity632 ) is an attempt to substitute a known active agent, @entity2879 , for @entity1732 and @entity2699 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 51 @entity1 with advanced @entity978 without prior systemic therapy were treated. The series included 12 stage II @entity1 with bulky (>10 cm) mediastinal @entity5 , 10 of whom received complementary radiation therapy. The remaining @entity1 received EVA only. Response, duration of response, survival, @entity137 and the efficacy of salvage therapy were evaluated in all @entity1 . The median follow-up time was 111 months and permitted an assessment of the long-term effects of treatment and natural history of a cohort of treated @entity1 . RESULTS: EVA achieved a complete response (or clinical complete response) in 48/51 @entity1 (94%). Of these 48 responders, 16 relapsed in a median of 11 months (range 3-48 months). In follow-up, 32/51 @entity1 had no evidence of relapsed @entity978 , although three died from other causes (two from vascular events and one from @entity706 ), resulting in progression-free survival for the entire group of 57% at 111 months. Eight of the 16 were alive and free from disease at follow-up at 111 months. In the entire series, only seven @entity1 (14%) died of @entity978 . 37 @entity1 (73%) continued free from disease. There was no @entity358 . CONCLUSIONS: The EVA regimen appears to have an overall survival (OS) outcome comparable to ABVD, but without the @entity358 . The high salvage rate of second-line therapy, in most instances at conventional dosage, suggests an absence of cross-resistance to alkylating agents in @entity1 treated with EVA.

title: Primary systemic treatment of advanced @entity978 with EVA ( XXXX , @entity5713 , @entity632 ): 10-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['large cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity', 'lung toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HD', "Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: Importance: @entity263 incidence in @entity1 75 years and older substantially decreased following the 2008 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation against @entity1486 (PSA)-based screening for this age group. It is unknown whether incidence has changed since the USPSTF recommendation against screening for all @entity1 in May 2012. Objective: To examine recent changes in stage-specific @entity263 incidence and PSA screening rates following the 2008 and 2012 USPSTF recommendations. Design and Settings: Ecologic study of age-standardized @entity263 incidence (newly diagnosed cases/100   000 @entity1 aged >= 50 years) by stage from 2005 through 2012 using data from 18 population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries and PSA screening rate in the past year among @entity1 50 years and older without a history of @entity263 who responded to the 2005 (n   =   4580), 2008 (n   =   3476), 2010 (n   =   4157), and 2013 (n   =   6172) National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Exposures: The USPSTF recommendations to omit PSA-based screening for average-risk @entity1 . Main Outcomes and Measures: @entity263 incidence and incidence ratios (IRs) comparing consecutive years from 2005 through 2012 by age (>= 50, 50-74, and >= 75 years) and SEER summary stage categorized as local/regional or distant and PSA screening rate and rate ratios (SRRs) comparing successive survey years by age. Results: @entity263 incidence per 100   000 in @entity1 50 years and older (N   =   446   009 in SEER areas) was 534.9 in 2005, 540.8 in 2008, 505.0 in 2010, and 416.2 in 2012; rates began decreasing in 2008 and the largest decrease occurred between 2011 and 2012, from 498.3 (99% CI, 492.8-503.9) to 416.2 (99% CI, 411.2-421.2). The number of @entity1 50 years and older diagnosed with @entity263 nationwide declined by 33   519, from 213   562 @entity1 in 2011 to 180   043 @entity1 in 2012. Declines in incidence since 2008 were confined to local/regional-stage disease and were similar across age and race/ethnicity groups. The percentage of @entity1 50 years and older reporting PSA screening in the past 12 months was 36.9% in 2005, 40.6% in 2008, 37.8% in 2010, and 30.8% in 2013. In relative terms, screening rates increased by 10% (SRR, 1.10; 99% CI, 1.01-1.21) between 2005 and 2008 and then decreased by 18% (SRR, 0.82; 99% CI, 0.75-0.89) between 2010 and 2013. Similar screening patterns were found in age subgroups 50 to 74 years and 75 years and older. Conclusions and Relevance: Both the incidence of @entity5 and rates of PSA screening have declined and coincide with 2012 USPSTF recommendation to omit PSA screening from routine primary care for @entity1 . Longer follow-up is needed to see whether these decreases are associated with trends in mortality.

title: XXXX Incidence and PSA Testing Patterns in Relation to USPSTF Screening Recommendations.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: A long-term (12 years) follow-up of treatment with intra-articular injections into the @entity1348 ( @entity1348 ) of @entity134 or non- @entity134 agents was performed in 21 @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and symptomatic TMJs. The aim of the study was to compare symptoms, signs and radiological appearance of the @entity1348 initially and at the follow-up in this group of @entity1 . Eleven @entity1 were assigned to a @entity134 group and 10 @entity1 to a non- @entity134 group. Initial and follow-up clinical and radiological examination procedures were the same. The radiological evaluation was based on a grading system using standard reference films. At follow-up, 14 @entity1 reported no @entity158 from the @entity1348 and positive changes in most clinical variables were found in both groups. Radiographic follow-up examination was performed on 12 @entity1 . Initially, all but 4 of the 24 joints had structural bone changes. At follow-up, 2 joints had lower, 11 joints had unchanged and 11 joints had higher radiological grades. Two out of 5 and 3 out of 10 joints in the @entity134 and non- @entity134 group, respectively, showed progression of structural bone changes. Among 9 untreated joints, 6 had higher radiological grades and 3 were unchanged. In the 11 TMJs with higher radiological grades at follow-up, there was in most cases moderate progression of erosive changes. The results suggest that the long-term development of symptoms and signs from the @entity1348 in @entity1 previously treated was good and the long-term progression of joint destruction was low for both @entity134 and non- @entity134 agents in this @entity1 group with @entity309 .

title: Long-term follow-up of intra-articular injections into the @entity1348 in XXXX with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ', 'temporomandibular joint']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor @entity3593 on @entity1103 and @entity227 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. METHODS: setting: Outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Medical Center of Utrecht. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 with @entity1103 were included. intervention: Each @entity1 received @entity3593 (10 mg daily) or placebo for three months. After two months of a @entity3593 /placebo free wash-out period, the groups received the reverse study medication for three months. Fluorescein angiography was performed to evaluate the retina. main outcome measures: @entity1103 , @entity227 and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: @entity3593 had no effect on @entity1103 , @entity227 , papillary leakage, @entity4816 , and @entity3193 . In a subgroup analysis, we observed a @entity551 ( @entity3593 , 14 of 36 @entity1 ; placebo, 5 of 36 @entity1 ; P = .02) and a decrease in morning @entity644 ( @entity3593 , 23 of 35 @entity1 ; placebo 10 of 34 @entity1 , P = .003) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity3593 had no effect on @entity1103 and @entity227 , we found a positive effect on the vascular system.

title: A randomized, masked, cross-over trial of @entity3593 for inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['urinary albumin excretion']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'best-corrected visual acuity']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory cystoid macular edema', 'Cystoid macular edema', 'cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal leakage']

entities_list: @entity3593 :: ('MESH:D017706', 'Chemical') :: ['Lisinopril', 'lisinopril']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity4816 :: ('MESH:D031300', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vasculitis']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['macular edema']


abstract: Fifteen cases of @entity9279 are reported, on 1798 operations for non malignant diseases of the biliary tract (0.8%), carried out by the Authors in the last 11 years. Two cases were described separately, consisting respectively of an "eastern" hepatolithiasis, and a secondary form, due to stenosis of a choledochoduodenostomy, which had been performed after surgical injury of the common bile duct. The other 13 @entity1 had a "mixed" form. @entity1087 was present in 8 of these cases, @entity255 in 4. Intrahepatic stones were diagnosed preoperatively in 3 cases and intraoperatively in 10. A bilioenteric @entity254 was carried out in 9 cases, a sphincteroplasty in 3, and a T-tube drainage in a @entity1 with @entity255 . Two @entity1 died postoperatively, both from sepsis: the first in the early postoperative phase, after emergency operation for @entity255 ; the other, with "primitive" hepatolithiasis, 3 months after the operation. Clinical results are satisfactory after 1-11 years. On the basis of data from current literature, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects are set forth, with specific reference to the mixed and secondary forms: the bilioenteric anastomoses seem to give better chances of success, but the need to have access to lobar ducts may sometimes impose hilar derivations. Spincteroplasty may have a few indications, solely in selected @entity1 .

title: [Personal case series of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['suppurative cholangitis', 'cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic lithiasis']

answer: @entity9279 :: (MESH:D020347,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic lithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Moderate to severe @entity10204 in @entity554 signaling during early development is associated with a constellation of physical @entity601 , including @entity3570 . It is thought that more subtle @entity10204 of this system, which might be achievable via dietary (i.e. @entity8853 ) or pharmacological (i.e. @entity1092 ) exposure in @entity1 , will manifest on behavioral domains including sociability, without overt physical abnormalities. METHODS: During early life, @entity3392 were exposed to low doses of two chemicals that disrupt @entity554 signaling. From 0 to 5dpf, larvae were reared in aqueous solutions containing @entity1968 (0, 0.02, 0.2 or 2nM) or @entity1092 (0, 0.5, 5.0 or 50 M). One cohort of @entity3392 was assessed using a locomotor activity screen at 6-dpf; another was reared to adulthood and assessed using a neurobehavioral test battery ( @entity427 , novel tank exploration, shoaling, and predator escape/avoidance). RESULTS: There was no significant increase in the incidence of physical @entity600 among exposed fish compared to controls. Both @entity1968 and @entity1092 exposures during development disrupted @entity3457 with persisting behavioral alterations later in life, primarily manifesting as @entity6100 . CONCLUSIONS: Social behavior and some aspects of motor function were altered in exposed fish; the importance of examining emotional or psychological consequences of early life exposure to @entity554 acting chemicals is discussed.

title: Persistent behavioral effects following early life exposure to @entity1968 or XXXX in @entity3392 .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity6100 :: ('OMIM:300082', 'Disease') :: ['decreased social affiliation']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['larval activity']

entities_list: @entity10204 :: ('MESH:D021081', 'Disease') :: ['dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity8853 :: ('MESH:D006986', 'Disease') :: ['hypervitaminosis A']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['malformations and/or neural tube defects']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startle habituation']

entities_list: @entity554 :: ('CHEBI:26537', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoid']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess T2 HASTE MR in acute abdominal imaging and ascertain if it is a reliable alternative to CT in @entity1 under 60. METHOD AND MATERIALS: In a prospective diagnostic performance study from January 2009 to December 2013, @entity1 under 60 presenting with acute @entity490 , that required imaging following surgical review, were imaged with T2 HASTE MR. Rapid acquisition HASTE (Half Fourier Acquisition Single Shot Turbo Spin Echo) coronal and axial sequences were obtained, without intravenous contrast. @entity1 were followed up clinically for a minimum of 3 months. RESULTS: 468 cases included in the study. 349 were negative for acute abdominal pathology, 116 positive for acute abdominal pathology and 3 were indeterminate. In the MR positive group (n=116), 64 had surgery confirming findings (34 @entity698 , 14 SBO, 3 ovarian torsion, 3 LBO, intussusception, @entity43 , @entity2670 , @entity733 , crohns, 4 endoscopy for acute bowel pathology) while 51 were managed conservatively with concordant follow up (4 SBO, 11 @entity4436 , 6 pelvic inflammatory disease, 7 @entity29 , 7 @entity1960 , 6 @entity2885 , 2 @entity2679 , @entity8 , @entity8307 , @entity4558 , @entity3298 , 2 @entity788 , @entity706 , @entity14162 ). 1 @entity1 had an MR diagnosis of @entity698 but at laparoscopy a sigmoid diverticular perforation was diagnosed and the appendix was normal. In the MR negative group (n=349), 324 had uneventful follow-up, 22 had negative laparoscopies, while 3 had subsequent appendectomies, with @entity698 on histology (3 days, 10 days and 2 months post scan). In the MR indeterminate group (n=3), one was treated conservatively with uneventful follow up, one had laparoscopic appendectomy with normal appendix on histology, one had laparoscopic appendectomy with @entity697 on histology. When MR correlated with clinical follow up (n=468), overall diagnostic accuracy is 99% (463/468). When MR findings correlated with direct visualisation at surgery/endoscopy (n=90), sensitivity is 98% (95% CI) and specificity is 92% (95% CI). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rapid acquisition axial and coronal T2 HASTE MR is a practical, safe and effective method in the diagnosis of acute @entity490 . MR is the preferred option to CT in @entity1 of an age prone to radiation with a potential surgical diagnosis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE/APPLICATION: MRI in acute abdominal imaging is both effective and practical and is the preferred imaging option in @entity1 of an age prone to radiation with a potential surgical diagnosis.

title: Rapid acquisition axial and coronal T2 HASTE MR in the evaluation of acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal abscess']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity4558 :: ('MESH:D013158', 'Disease') :: ['splenic haematoma']

entities_list: @entity8307 :: ('MESH:D004761', 'Disease') :: ['pseudomembranous colitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular abscess']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian dermoid, 2 pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity3298 :: ('MESH:D008199', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric adenitis']

entities_list: @entity14162 :: ('MESH:D018280', 'Disease') :: ['epiploic appendagitis']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['abdominal pain']


abstract: @entity785 is an @entity792 characterized by fibrotic changes in skin and other organs involving excessive collagen deposition. The @entity641 ( @entity641 ) signaling pathway plays a key role in the fibrotic process in @entity785 ( @entity785 ). @entity16290 ( @entity16290 ) isolated from one of the Chinese herbs, Astragalus mongholicus, are known to have a variety of immunomodulatory activities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity16290 on @entity641 signaling and its potential mechanism using a @entity19 model of @entity1732 -induced @entity2631 . @entity2631 was induced in C3H/He @entity19 by subcutaneous @entity1732 injections daily for 21 days. Skin samples were obtained 7, 14, and 21 days and @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression was observed by real time PCR. The @entity720 content which consistent with the collagen content in skin samples from the BLM-injected group was significantly higher than the PBS group, and corresponded with dermal thickening at the injection site. In contrast, @entity19 treated with @entity16290 after initiating BLM injection showed obviously lesser collagen content. Increased @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 mRNA expression were also observed in the BLM group. @entity641 , @entity14570 , @entity3078 expression was significantly lesser for the @entity16290 group than for the BLM group. In contrast, @entity641 mRNA expression was remarkably inhibited by @entity16290 . These results suggest that @entity16290 treatment may inhibit @entity641 production, and thus could be a potential drug for managing @entity74 such as @entity785 .

title: Astragalus polysaccharide suppresses excessive collagen accumulation in a @entity19 model of XXXX -induced @entity2631 .

entities_list: @entity16290 :: ('MESH:C564877', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'Astragalus polysaccharides']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-b']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['Scleroderma', 'scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic scleroderma', 'Systemic scleroderma', 'SSc']

answer: @entity1732 :: (MESH:D001761,Chemical) :: ['bleomycin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1282 is one of the most critical problems in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 . However, clinically useful and practical scales to evaluate @entity1282 are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop such a scale. An 8-stage @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS) was developed and tested for its inter- and intrarater reliabilities, concurrent validity, and responsiveness. The NdSSS was used to evaluate 134 @entity1 with @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) and 84 @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ). Inter- and intrarater reliabilities were examined with weighted kappa statistics. Concurrent validity was assessed by correlating the NdSSS with the existing scales [Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Functional Intake LEVEL Scales (FILS), and @entity746 Functional Rating Scale-Revised Swallow (ALSFRS-R Sw)], using Spearman's correlation coefficients. Responsiveness was determined with the standardized response mean (SRM). For inter- and intrarater reliabilities, the weighted kappas were 0.95 and 1.00, respectively, for @entity1555 ; and 0.98 and 0.98, respectively, for @entity746 . The NdSSS showed strong correlations with the FOIS (rs  =  0.87 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.93 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), FILS (rs  =  0.89 for @entity1555 , rs  =  0.92 for @entity746 , p  <  0.001), and ALSFRS-R SW (rs  =  0.93, p  <  0.001). SRMs were 0.65 for @entity1555 and 1.21 for @entity746 . The SRM was higher in @entity1555 @entity1 for the NdSSS than for the other scales, while it was similar in @entity746 @entity1 and the other scales. Our originally developed NdSSS demonstrated sufficient reliability, validity, and responsiveness in @entity1 with @entity1555 and @entity746 . It is also useful in evaluating @entity1282 in @entity1 with progressive @entity4094 .

title: Development of a new scale for @entity1282 in XXXX with progressive @entity4094 : the @entity4094 Swallowing Status Scale (NdSSS).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular diseases', 'Neuromuscular Disease']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['Dysphagia', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity483 ( @entity483 ) there is evidence of tissue @entity82 involving a number of structural changes, including papillary dermal @entity82 and @entity1373 . These changes are suggested to be the result of @entity32 . Several remodeling-associated cytokines, including @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 , have been shown to be increased in @entity56 , including @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 expression in skin biopsy specimens recovered from acute and chronic @entity272 from @entity1 with @entity483 , as well as from uninvolved skin of @entity1 with @entity483 and skin from healthy volunteers. We also examined the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the extent of total, type I, and type III collagen deposition. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 by means of immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposition was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and van Gieson staining. RESULTS: @entity2533 expression was markedly enhanced in both acute and particularly chronic lesions (P <.001). Although @entity4382 expression was significantly increased only in chronic lesions (P <.0001), @entity4155 was preferentially associated with acute lesions (P <.005). Although @entity1413 was not significantly different among the groups, type I collagen deposition was significantly increased in chronic @entity483 (P <.0005). There was a significant correlation between @entity4382 and type I collagen deposition, as well as the number of eosinophils in skin specimens from @entity1 with @entity483 (r (2) = 0.527, and r (2) = 0.622, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 are involved in the remodeling of @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity483 . However, @entity4382 and @entity4155 are preferentially expressed at different stages of the disease. Type I collagen appeared to be the major subtype involved in this repair process.

title: Polarized in vivo expression of @entity4382 and XXXX between acute and chronic @entity272 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation of the skin']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['AD lesions', 'atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen type III deposition']

answer: @entity4155 :: (3605,Gene) :: ['IL-17']


abstract: The survival rate for @entity1 with @entity11 is poor. We describe the results of a prospective study using concomitant chemoradiotherapy, neutron boost, and adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity11 . Forty-two @entity1 with @entity816 ( @entity816 ) and @entity463 ( @entity463 ) were treated with postoperative photon radiation 45 Gy/25 fraction (fxs) with concomitant continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1487 at 300 mg/m2/day x 5 days and @entity1862 0.5 g orally every 12 hr for 6 days for 5 consecutive weeks, followed by a neutron boost of 450 N cGy/6 fxs delivered twice weekly. Adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ) was given up to 1 year or until @entity5 progression. Thirty-four @entity1 (81%) had @entity463 and 8 @entity1 (19%) had @entity816 . Sixteen @entity1 (38%) were ineligible for the neutron boost because of large @entity5 or poor performance status and instead received a photon boost with concomitant chemotherapy for a total dose of 60-65 Gy to the @entity5 . The overall median survival is 68 weeks at a median follow-up of 203 weeks (range 166-302 weeks for the 11 @entity1 remaining alive); 7/8 @entity1 with @entity816 are alive, 2 of these with progressive disease. For @entity816 the median survival is not reached at a median follow-up of 203 weeks (range 166-302 weeks for the 7 @entity1 alive with @entity816 ). Time to @entity5 progression for the 1 dead @entity1 with @entity816 was 35 weeks and the other 2 @entity1 failed at 171 weeks and 179 weeks following treatment. The median survival for the 34 @entity1 with @entity463 was 62 weeks; 4/34 @entity1 with @entity463 are alive at 285, 238, 216, and 206 weeks. Multivariate survival analysis in the 34 @entity1 with @entity463 revealed age and Karnofsky performance status as important prognostic factors. Extent of surgery and neutrons did not affect survival. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated by all @entity1 . The only toxicities observed were @entity33 < or = grade II in 3 @entity1 (7%) and mild myelosuppression in 1 @entity1 (2.4%). Adjuvant @entity1485 was well tolerated. Continuous concomitant chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated by all @entity1 with acceptable side effects. The survival rate for the @entity1 with @entity463 suggests no significant impact on the prognosis for these @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity816 did well; however, the @entity1 numbers are small.

title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy, neutron boost, and adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity816 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma multiforme']


abstract: @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity1370 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity870 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity870 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity842 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity35 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity870 , used alone or in association with @entity701 (HY), on intracellular @entity460 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity1865 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity870 increased intracellular @entity460 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity460 , while dramatically reduced @entity870 -induced @entity460 fluxes. @entity870 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity870 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity35 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity35 cardiomyocytes, @entity870 @entity137 is due to a @entity460 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity870 -induced @entity137 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity460 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity870 -induced @entity1370 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: XXXX has a protective effect on @entity205 -induced @entity1370 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['CyclosporinA']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric Oxide']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity701 :: (MESH:D006854,Chemical) :: ['Hydrocortisone']


abstract: @entity13727 ( @entity13727 ) are highly persistent anthropogenic contaminants found in the environment, posing a risk to aquatic ecosystems, whereas there is a lack of data concerning their impacts on marine invertebrates. The objective of this study was to assess the relative lethal and sublethal @entity137 effects of two @entity13727 , @entity20062 and @entity13729 congeners, on marine zooplankton rotifer @entity29171 associated with @entity13728 concentrations and time of exposure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses were performed to determine actual @entity13728 concentrations. Rotifer population demographic parameters from life tables, including age-specific survivorship (lx), age-specific fecundity (mx), net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (  ), life expectancy (E0) and generation time (T), were used as measures of treatment effects. Results from this study have revealed increasingly intense negative effects on many of the rotifer demographic parameters with elevated @entity13728 concentrations. The population growth curves of @entity29171 showed almost no lag phase and reached peak abundances within 11 days, while @entity29171 exposed to @entity13729 had a lag phase of about 5 days. In addition, increased @entity13728 levels reduced the population abundances and peak population densities of @entity29171 . The two @entity13727 have caused the carrying capacity (K) suppressed and the negative influence turned more serious as the concentration rose. Results also revealed that the time to reach growth curve inflection point (Tp) was shortened by @entity13727 to different degrees. This study not only indicated that life table demography and population growth curve studies were two important aspects used to evaluate toxicant @entity13728 effects, but also compared the two @entity13728 disruptions to the population growth and reproduction of the rotifer.

title: Using population demographic parameters to assess impacts of two @entity13727 ( @entity20062 , XXXX ) on the rotifer @entity29171 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['aquatic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity13727 :: ('MESH:D055768', 'Chemical') :: ['PBDEs', 'Polybrominated diphenyl ethers']

entities_list: @entity29171 :: ('10195', 'Species') :: ['B. plicatilis', 'Brachionus plicatilis']

answer: @entity13729 :: (MESH:C010902,Chemical) :: ['BDE-209']


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively evaluate the primary and long-term venographic and clinical results of catheter-directed thrombolysis in the treatment of proximal @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) of lower extremity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with mean age of 48 (range 15-81) years with acute @entity1150 (symptom duration of less than 2 weeks), extending to high femoral (16 @entity1 ) or iliac vein (40 @entity1 ) were treated with selective catheter-directed thrombolysis. The mean total dose of 3.8 (range 1.0-8.1) million units of urokinase was administered during a mean of 39 (range 6-72) hours. Endovascular stenting was performed in 9 of the iliac @entity1150 @entity1 . RESULTS: Complete procedural venographic success was achieved in 79% of @entity1 . Major complications were noted in 7% of @entity1 and the total rate of complications was 13%. Mean venographic follow-up was 3.5 years (range 3 months to 9.6 years); well preserved femoral vein valves and fully recanalized deep crural veins were observed in 83% and 57% of @entity1 . Normal clinical findings in the affected limb were noted during the latest follow-up visit in 67% of @entity1 . Clinical @entity715 occurred in 9% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Catheter-directed thrombolysis achieves good primary success with acceptable complication rate and effectively reduces prevalence of @entity715 .

title: Catheter-directed thrombolysis of proximal lower extremity XXXX : a prospective trial with venographic and clinical follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['post-thrombotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: AIM: The study aims to evaluate the association of oesophageal damage with clinical data and feeding practices in @entity1 who suffered a caustic substance ingestion (CSI). METHODS: Cross-sectional design was used in this study. The setting was at a paediatric referral hospital in 2006. Ninety-four @entity1 with CSI were used as study samples, with mean age of 38.4 months, and 37.2% were females. The independent variable was oesophageal damage; the dependent variables were clinical data and feeding practices. RESULTS: Main symptoms included salivation, oropharyngeal burns and @entity391 . On endoscopy, 84.6% had second- or third-degree burns. Oesophageal stricture occurred in 48.9%. Severe burns were associated with oesophageal stricture and ingestion of alkaline products; @entity1282 was associated with oesophageal stricture. In about one fourth of the cases, a nutritional intervention with complete and balanced liquid diets was required to maintain the adequate daily recommended intake (DRI). CONCLUSIONS: Alkali ingestion was associated with severe burns and oesophageal stricture. The presence of oesophageal strictures and @entity1282 required changes in the feeding practices in order to maintain an adequate nutritional status and/or to complete their DRI.

title: Caustic ingestion and oesophageal damage in XXXX : Clinical spectrum and feeding practices.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity195 Assessment Scale ( @entity11509 ) is often used in international multicenter trials. Use across countries presupposes correct translation and adaptation of the scale, and maintenance of its psychometric properties. OBJECTIVES: To compare the various translations of the @entity11509 used in Western Europe, to design internationally harmonized translations and to validate these. SETTING: International cooperative study in eight European countries. METHODS: An inventory was made of existing versions of the @entity11509 -Cog used in eight European countries, and adaptations were made. The concurrent validity of the harmonized versions of the @entity11509 was tested in 283 @entity1 with probable or possible @entity195 . The Nurses Observation Scale for Geriatrics (NOSGER), CAMCOG-R and MMSE was used to assess concordance between cognitive and behavioral measures. RESULTS: Differences between the versions mainly involved object naming, items for verbal memory, such as the number of trials allowed, the imagery value of the words selected as targets or distractors, and the number of parallel versions. These differences were eliminated by adapting and harmonizing the various versions of the @entity11509 -Cog. Thereafter, only small differences between the different countries were found, and patterns of correlation between @entity11509 -Cog, and the NOSGER, CAMCOG-R and MMSE were consistent. CONCLUSIONS: The study underlines the need to use harmonized versions of instruments for rating @entity303 in multinational studies. The findings indicate that the harmonization of the @entity11509 -Cog was successful.

title: Cross-national comparison and validation of the @entity195 Assessment Scale: results from the European Harmonization Project for Instruments in XXXX (EURO-HARPID).

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Treatment with @entity15152 ( @entity15152 ) inhibitors, such as @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ), increase survival in animal models of @entity130 and @entity295 . @entity3262 is a pan-inhibitor that blocks most of the known @entity15152 isoforms. Targeting individual @entity15152 isoforms may increase survival and reduce complications, but little is known of the natural history of @entity15152 gene expression following @entity130 . We hypothesized that distinct @entity15152 isoform gene expression patterns would be associated with differences in outcomes following @entity130 . METHODS: 28 day longitudinal @entity15152 leukocyte gene expression profiles in 172 blunt @entity130 @entity1 were extracted from the Inflammation And Host Response to Injury (Glue Grant) dataset. Outcome was classified as complicated ( @entity204 or no recovery by day 28, n=51) or uncomplicated (n=121). Mixed modeling was used to compare the @entity15152 expression trajectories between the groups, corrected for Injury Severity Score, base deficit, and volume of blood products transfused over the initial 12 hours following admission. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) identified modules of genes with significant co-expression, and @entity15152 genes were mapped to these modules. Biological function of these modules was investigated using the Gene Ontology database. RESULTS: Elevated longitudinal @entity15152 expression trajectories for @entity17029 ,3,6 and 11 were associated with complicated outcomes. In contrast, suppressed expression of Sirtuin (SIRT) 3 was associated with adverse outcome (p<0.01). WGCNA analysis identified significant co-expression of @entity15152 and SIRT genes with genes involved in ribosomal function and downregulation of protein translation in response to stress ( @entity17029 ), T-cell signaling and T-cell selection ( @entity3997 ), as well as coagulation and hemostasis ( @entity34268 ). No co-expression of @entity46015 was identified. CONCLUSION: Expression trajectories of @entity15152 1,3,6,11 and @entity34268 correlate with outcomes following @entity130 , and may potentially serve as biomarkers. They may also be promising targets for pharmacological intervention. The effects of @entity15152 and SIRT gene expression in @entity130 may be mediated through pathways involved in ribosomal and T-cell function as well as coagulation and hemostasis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III STUDY TYPE: Prognostic.

title: Histone deactylase gene expression profiles are associated with outcomes in blunt @entity130 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity15152 :: ('9734', 'Gene') :: ['HDAC', 'histone deacetylase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Local control in @entity1 with @entity2347 ( @entity2347 ) of the @entity135 remains a challenge because of the relative radioresistance of these @entity5 . This prospective @entity505 ion pilot project was designed to evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plus @entity505 ion (C12) boost ( @entity18106 therapy). The authors present the first analysis of long-term outcomes of raster-scanned C12 therapy compared with modern photon techniques. METHODS: @entity1 with inoperable or subtotally resected @entity2347 received C12 therapy within the pilot project. Whenever C12 was not available, @entity1 were offered IMRT or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT). @entity1 received either C12 therapy at a C12 dose of 3 Gray equivalents (GyE) per fraction up to 18 GyE followed by 54 Gray (Gy) of IMRT or IMRT up to a median total dose of 66 Gy. @entity137 was evaluated according to version 3 of the Common @entity137 Terminology for Adverse Events. Locoregional control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 received C12 therapy, and 37 received photons (IMRT or FSRT). The median follow-up was 74 months in the C12 group and 63 months in the photon group. Overall, 90% of @entity1 in the C12 group and 94% of those in the photon group had T4 @entity5 ; and the most common disease sites were paranasal sinus, parotid with skull base invasion, and nasopharynx. LC, PFS, and @entity1349 at 5 years were significantly higher in the C12 group (59.6%, 48.4%, 76.5%, respectively) compared with the photon group (39.9%, 27%, and 58.7%, respectively). There was no significant difference between @entity1 who had subtotally resected and inoperable @entity2347 . CONCLUSIONS: C12 therapy resulted in superior LC, PFS, and @entity1349 without a significant difference between @entity1 with inoperable and partially resected @entity2347 . Extensive and morbid resections in @entity1 with advanced @entity2347 may need to be reconsidered. The most common site of locoregional recurrence remains in field, and further C12 dose escalation should be evaluated.

title: Combined intensity-modulated radiotherapy plus raster-scanned @entity505 ion boost for advanced XXXX of the @entity135 results in superior locoregional control and @entity1349 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma', 'ACC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for @entity1 @entity5632 (Mb) was developed. Serum Mb was assayed by incubation with an anti-Mb rabbit IgG-coated @entity852 ball and then with affinity-purified anti-Mb Fab'-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate. The HRP activity bound to the @entity852 ball was assayed fluorimetrically. The sensitivity was 3.1 pg/tube and serum Mb levels of 0.4-1000 micrograms/l could be determined. The recoveries of Mb added to @entity1 sera at 3 concentrations were 92.8-99.8%. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variations (CV values) were both below 10%. The regression equation of values determined by EIA and radioimmunoassay (RIA) was y(EIA) = 0.964x (RIA)--2.30 and the correlation coefficient was 0.984. The mean normal serum concentration of Mb was 21.5 +/- 6.0 micrograms/l (mean +/- SD) in males and 16.9 +/- 5.8 micrograms/l in females. The significance of serum Mb determination by the EIA in @entity66 was confirmed. The present EIA for Mb is more sensitive and economical than RIA and should be useful for determining Mb in biological materials.

title: A sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for @entity1 @entity5632 using Fab'-horseradish peroxidase conjugate: methods and results in normal subjects and @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['various diseases']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['various diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity146 symptom severity and impairment are overlapping but nevertheless distinct illness parameters, little research has examined whether variables found to be associated with the severity are also correlated with symptom-induced impairment. Parents and teachers completed ratings of symptom-induced @entity73 , and parents completed a background questionnaire for a consecutively referred sample of primarily male (81  %) 6-to-12  year olds with @entity72 ( @entity72 ) (N   =   221). Some clinical correlates (e.g., IQ   <   70, maternal level of education, pregnancy complications, current use of psychotropic medication, season of birth) were associated with @entity73 , whereas others were correlated with only a few syndromes (e.g., gender, co-morbid medical conditions) or were not related to @entity73 (e.g., family psychopathology). There was little convergence in findings for parents' versus teachers' ratings. Some clinical correlates (e.g., season of birth, current psychotropic medication, maternal education) were unique predictors of three or more disorders. Pregnancy complications were uniquely associated with social @entity148 and @entity25192 symptom-induced impairment. IQ was a unique predictor of @entity161 , @entity72 , @entity952 symptom-induced impairment. @entity1 whose mothers had relatively fewer years of education had greater odds for symptom-induced @entity73 , @entity308 , @entity146 , and @entity162 and greater number of impairing conditions. Season of birth was the most robust correlate of symptom-induced impairment as rated by teachers but not by parents. @entity1 born in fall evidenced higher rates of co-occurring @entity146 and @entity72 symptom-induced @entity73 of impairing conditions. Many variables previously linked with symptom severity are also correlated with impairment.

title: Clinical Correlates of Co-occurring Psychiatric and XXXX ( @entity72 ) Symptom-Induced Impairment in @entity1 with @entity72 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggression']

entities_list: @entity25192 :: ('MESH:D012557', 'Disease') :: ['schizoid personality']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment and total number', 'impairment in social anxiety', 'impairment in any disorder', 'impairment for several disorders', 'impairment for DSM-IV-referenced syndromes']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['Autism Spectrum Disorder']


abstract: In the cochlear nucleus of mammals, the relatively homogeneous responses of auditory nerve fibers are transformed into a variety of different response patterns by the different classes of resident neurons. The spectrum of these responses is hypothesized to depend on the types and distribution of receptors, ion channels, G proteins, and second messengers that form the signaling capabilities in each cell class. In the present study, we examined the immunocytochemical distribution of the @entity671 ( @entity9197 in the dorsal cochlear nucleus to better understand how this second messenger might be involved in shaping the neural signals evoked by sound. Affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies directed against the @entity9423 labeled a homogeneous population of neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus of @entity35 , @entity840 , mustache bats, @entity468 , New World owl monkeys, @entity2608 , and @entity1 . These cells were all darkly immunostained except in the @entity1 where the labeling was less intense. Immunoblots of dorsal cochlear nucleus tissue from the @entity35 revealed a single band of protein of molecular weight approximately 260 kD, which is the same size as the purified receptor, indicating that our antibodies reacted specifically with the @entity9423 . These immunolabeled neurons were identified as cartwheel cells on the basis of shared characteristics across species, including cell body size and distribution, the presence of a highly invaginated nucleus, and a well-developed system of cisternae. Reaction product was localized along the membranes of rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, subsurface cisternae, and the nuclear envelope. This label was distributed throughout the cartwheel cell body and dendritic shafts but not within dendritic spines, axons, or axons terminals. The regular pattern of immunolabeling across mammals suggests that IP3 and cartwheel cells are conserved in evolution and that both play an important but as yet unknown role in hearing.

title: XXXX receptors: immunocytochemical localization in the dorsal cochlear nucleus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity671 :: (MESH:D015544,Chemical) :: ['Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']


abstract: The role of Th2 cytokines and Th2-associated chemokines in @entity378 ( @entity378 ) remains controversial, though in Mexico a polymorphism causing increased production of @entity2842 is a risk factor. We studied levels of the Th2-associated chemokines @entity2842 and @entity11602 , circulating soluble @entity3646 receptors (sIL-4R), @entity3646 and the inhibitory splice variant of @entity3646 ( @entity3646  2) in a cohort of @entity1 with @entity1907 and their healthy contacts. These were followed for 2 years during which time 10 contacts developed @entity1907 . Results were compared with measurements made in @entity1906 , and in disease controls with @entity2028 that have large Th2 components. In these disease controls both chemokines were significantly raised. They were also very significantly raised in all forms of @entity378 , irrespective of age or disease site. Levels of @entity11602 were raised least in @entity1906 , and most in pulmonary @entity1 with long histories, when levels were similar to those in disease controls. Levels of @entity2842 , although also raised in all three forms of @entity378 , were negatively correlated with @entity11602 . We found that levels of sIL-4R were strikingly reduced in all forms of @entity378 , particularly meningeal. Contacts who progressed could not be distinguished from contacts who remained healthy at 2 years in terms of @entity3646 , sIL-4R, @entity2842 or @entity11602 . However contacts had raised expression of @entity3646  2 as previously found. These results indicate vigorous and previously unrecorded activity within the Th2 axis, and further investigation is warranted.

title: XXXX , @entity11602 and sIL-4R in renal, meningeal and @entity1907 ; a 2 year study of @entity1 and contacts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2028 :: ('MESH:D018410', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial pneumonias or Dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal TB', 'renal and meningeal TB']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['TB', 'tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary TB']

answer: @entity2842 :: (6347,Gene) :: ['CCL2']


abstract: Accurate preoperative staging is essential for the indication and selection of the appropriate surgical procedure in @entity1 with @entity418 . The present prospective study was designed to determine if the preoperative use of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) increases the accuracy of staging @entity418 compared with computed tomography (CT) and if it thereby leads to a different therapeutic approach. A total of 58 @entity1 , 46 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 (mean age 61 years), with histologic proof of @entity418 underwent FDG-PET of the neck, chest, and abdomen, as well as CT of the chest and abdomen, to determine @entity5 stage. FDG-PET and CT data were compared with each other and with pathohistologic findings. Sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy for detecting histologically verified lymph node and distant @entity3 were calculated for FDG-PET and CT. FDG-PET showed a higher specificity, whereas CT had higher accuracy for detecting both abdominal (73% vs. 59%) and thoracic (73% vs. 63%) lymph node @entity3 . The accuracy of detecting blood-borne and lymphatic distant @entity3 was identical for CT and FDG-PET imaging (50%). FDG-PET had a higher specificity than CT (87% vs. 13%) but lower sensitivity (35% vs. 67%). FDG-PET did not provide new information on the indication for surgery, nor was it helpful for choosing the appropriate surgical procedure in @entity1 with @entity418 . In view of the relatively high cost of FDG-PET examinations, the use of this modality is indicated primarily in @entity1 with inconclusive CT findings or for scientific research projects. Higher sensitivity as a result of @entity5 -affinity radiopharmaceuticals and optimized apparatus resolution, in addition to the advantages offered by whole-body PET scanning, may lead to new indications for this staging procedure in the future.

title: Positron emission tomography for staging XXXX : does it lead to a different therapeutic approach?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer', 'esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: The subcellular distribution and ultrastructural effects of lead have been studied in the kidneys and liver of @entity35 given @entity10222 (600 ppm @entity10781 ) in their drinking water for 6 months. Control @entity35 were given @entity13101 . Tissue samples were fixed in @entity3584 and examined by electron microscopy with and without staining. Unstained sections of both kidney and liver from lead-treated animals showed small particles (2-5 nm diameter) of very high electron density which appear to represent a deposited form of @entity10781 . Ultrastructural changes in the kidneys were largely confined to glomeruli (swelling of endothelial cells, fusion of foot processes, thickening of basement membrane) and proximal tubules (ranging from minimal sub-lethal changes to necrotic disorganization). The electron-dense particles of @entity10781 occurred in large clusters in basement membranes. As individual particles, or small groups, they were numerous in nuclei of proximal epithelium but usually only a few, largely confined to vesicles or inclusion bodies, were present in the cytoplasm. Only when cells were markedly damaged morphologically were particles more generally distributed in the cytoplasm. @entity409 by @entity10781 was largely confined to centrilobular regions. Endothelial and Kupffer cells were the most affected; they often sequestered large numbers of the particles. In parenchymal cells, particles were few and mainly in vesicles, but they were more widely distributed in the cytoplasm when morphological injury was apparent. The free distribution of @entity10781 in liver and kidney seems to be limited by its deposition in basement membranes and sequestration in reticulo-endothelial cells; intracellular distribution in healthy cells is also limited, by deposition in nuclei (in kidney only) or cytoplasmic vesicles.

title: Localization of lead in the kidney and liver of @entity35 treated in vivo with XXXX : ultrastructural studies on unstained sections.

entities_list: @entity13101 :: ('MESH:D019346', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium acetate']

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver damage']

answer: @entity10222 :: (MESH:C008261,Chemical) :: ['lead acetate']