abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a single center. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) and distal junctional @entity1513 (DJK) in @entity1 undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for @entity8322 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported risk factors for junctional @entity1513 include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data on 67 @entity1 (mean age 37) from a single center treated with instrumented fusion for @entity8322 were reviewed. All @entity1 had complete radiographic data with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 73 months). Abnormal PJK was defined by a proximal junctional angle greater than 10 degrees and at least 10 degrees greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. DJK was similarly defined between the caudal endplate of the lower instrumented vertebra to the caudal endplate that was 1 vertebra below. RESULTS: The incidence of PJK as defined above was seen in 20 @entity1 (30%). The development of PJK was associated with failure to incorporate the proximal end vertebra (15 @entity1 ), disruption of junctional ligamentum flavum (3 @entity1 ), or combination of both (2 @entity1 ). The most common cause of inappropriate end vertebra selection was poor visualization of the @entity1514 .DJK occurred in 8 @entity1 (12%) and 7 of them had fusion short of including the first @entity1797 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of PJK can be minimized by the appropriate selection of the upper end vertebra to be fused and avoiding disruption of the junctional ligamentum flavum. The development of DJK can be minimized by incorporation of the first @entity1797 into the fusion construct.

title: Incidence and risk factors for proximal and distal junctional @entity1513 following surgical treatment for XXXX : minimum five-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['Scheuermann kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['lordotic disc']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic vertebra']

answer: @entity8322 :: (MESH:D012544,Disease) :: ['Scheuermann kyphosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pregnancy has been reported to be an independent risk factor for 50% of @entity697 recorded in @entity1 younger than 45 years of age. The present epidemiologic study aimed to identify whether this putative association of pregnancy and acute type A dissection could be an artifact of selective reporting. METHODS: This population-based study was conducted in the City of Vienna, Austria, Europe, in an average female population of 34,1381 @entity1 in the age range of 15-45 years who were followed up between 1994 and 2004 (total of 3755.195 @entity1 -years of observation). During this study, the incidence, management, and outcome of acute type A dissection were determined. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (mean age: 38.8 years, SD: 4.8) with @entity697 were identified, and an overall incidence of 0.4 case per 100000 @entity1 -years was estimated. The prehospital mortality rate was recorded to be 53%. Six @entity1 , including two @entity1 in late pregnancy (incidence: 0.05 cases per 100000 @entity1 -years), were treated successfully by surgical repair during deep hypothermic @entity1167 (in-hospital mortality rate: 6.6%). Pregnancy and @entity1580 were identified as events that were not related (RR: 3.27; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.82-12.95; P=0.14). Observation during long-term follow-up was uneventful. CONCLUSIONS: Acute @entity1580 represents a rare pathology in @entity1 younger than 45 years of age; however, it is associated with a high rate of @entity944 . Pregnancy may not be a risk factor for this life-threatening vascular emergency. Immediate referral to surgery, even during pregnancy, will result in a prognosis of favorable outcome.

title: Acute XXXX and pregnancy: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute aortic dissections', 'acute aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1580 :: (MESH:C562834,Disease) :: ['type A aortic dissection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present the computed tomographic (CT) findings of @entity738 . METHODS: Five of 652 (0.9%) @entity1 who had undergone appendectomy for clinically suspected @entity697 over a 19-month period proved to have @entity738 . One @entity1 had surgery based on a clinical diagnosis of @entity697 . Four @entity1 (three @entity1 and one @entity1 ; age range = 14-39 years) underwent abdominal CT. The CT findings were retrospectively reviewed with special attention to the @entity854 . RESULTS: All four @entity1 presented with subacute clinical presentation. Enlarged appendices of 4.5 and 2 cm in diameter with thickened walls of soft tissue density were found in two @entity1 , and periappendicular inflammatory masses were found in the other two. Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and right lower quadrant fat stranding was seen in all four @entity1 . Histopathology showed numerous @entity738 within the inflamed appendix. CONCLUSION: Radiologists should be familiar with the rare entity of @entity738 in @entity1 examined by CT for suspected @entity697 . An insidious clinical presentation with CT findings of an exceptionally large appendix and associated periappendiceal inflammatory changes should raise the possibility of @entity738 or @entity189 or @entity706 .

title: XXXX presenting as right lower quadrant pain: CT findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous appendicitis', 'granulomas']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma of the appendix']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal abnormalities']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous appendicitis']


abstract: It is important to distinguish between @entity7261 , the presence of asymptomatic @entity7261 , and @entity66 which refers to symptomatic cases which can present with acute or chronic symptoms. Chronic symptoms range from mild intermittent abdominal cramps to the more severe picture of chronic @entity490 and occasional @entity548 . In contrast, acute @entity4436 refers to acute @entity32 in the @entity7261 . Low dietary fibre intake is reported to increase the risk of @entity66 . In the UK, the prevalence rises from approximately 5% of @entity1 in their 40s to almost 50% of those above the age of 80. It is estimated that 20% of @entity1 with @entity7261 will develop symptoms at some point in their lifetime. @entity66 can be confirmed radiologically or endoscopically. Referral of @entity1 with symptomatic @entity66 to secondary care is not indicated unless: the symptoms affect their quality of life; the @entity158 is not controlled by @entity1443 ; new symptoms develop which require further investigation; there are concerns about the possibility of an alternative diagnosis or @entity1 develop red flag symptoms. Even in @entity1 with established @entity7261 , a change in the clinical picture with development of red flag symptoms warrants urgent referral to rule out lower @entity344 . @entity1 with suspected uncomplicated acute @entity4436 should be assessed according to their level of @entity158 and associated systemic features of @entity295 . In those where @entity158 is controlled and there are no signs of @entity295 or multiple comorbidities, the @entity1 may be treated in primary care.

title: Diagnosing and treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'systemic sepsis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticular disease', 'diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal malignancy']

entities_list: @entity7261 :: ('MESH:D004240', 'Disease') :: ['diverticula', 'diverticulosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: AIM: Our aim was to compare the different methods of treatment available for @entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) in the oral maxillofacial region. A classification based on clinical and immunohistochemical data is proposed and a grading for disease severity is provided. @entity1 AND METHODS: The records and clinical data of 12 @entity1 were evaluated retrospectively. The @entity1 ages ranged from 20 months to 47 years. Nine had manifestations in the maxillo-facial region, of which six had a single oral manifestation only, with the three remaining ones having multiple manifestations in this region. Three @entity1 had additional manifestations in the upper thorax (coming to a total of twelve @entity1 ). Eleven @entity1 were surgically treated with one having been treated previously with a @entity134 -therapy. One @entity1 had been treated with chemotherapy. The longest duration of follow-up was 16 years. Immunohistochemical stains for antigen-CD1a, antigen-S-100 and antigen-Ki-67 were performed. A proposal for staging the manifestations in the oromaxillo-facial-region was made. The intensity of the antigen-Ki-67 stains were evaluated. RESULTS: One @entity1 presented a relapse only implying that surgical treatment was very effective in the eradication and cure of the disorder. Eleven @entity1 exhibited no signs of recurrence. It is felt that the number of antigen-Ki-67-positive cells is related to the activity of the disease. CONCLUSION: @entity1222 should be treated surgically. Only in very severe cases should surgical treatment be complimented by either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Especially in disseminated cases, chemotherapy seems to improve the outcome. Antigen-Ki-67 as a proliferation marker is suggested as a grading parameter for @entity5 behaviour.

title: Oral XXXX : antigen-Ki-67 as a indicator for @entity5 behaviour.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis', 'LCH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumor']

answer: @entity1222 :: (MESH:D006646,Disease) :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the exposure to bright light on EEG activity and subjective @entity25 at rest and at the mental task during @entity1949 . Eight male subjects lay awake in semi-supine in a reclining seat from 21:00 to 04:30 under the bright (BL; >2500 lux) or the dim (DL; <150 lux) light conditions. During the @entity1949 , the mental task (Stroop color-word conflict test: CWT) was performed each 15 min in one hour. EEG, subjective @entity25 , rectal and mean skin temperatures and urinary @entity2493 concentrations were measured. The subjective @entity25 increased with time of @entity1949 during both rest and CWT under the DL condition. The exposure to bright light delayed for 2 hours the @entity25 at rest and suppressed the increase in that during CWT. The bright light exposure also delayed the increase in the theta and alpha wave activities in EEG at rest. In contrast, the effect of the bright light exposure on the theta and alpha wave activities disappeared by CWT. Additionally, under the BL condition, the entire theta activity during CWT throughout @entity1949 increased significantly from that in a rest condition. Our results suggest that the exposure to bright light throughout @entity1949 influences the subjective @entity25 during the mental task and the EEG activity, as well as the subjective @entity25 at rest. However, the effect of the bright light exposure on the EEG activity at the mental task diminishes throughout @entity1949 .

title: Effect of bright light on EEG activities and subjective XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep deprivation', 'nocturnal sleep deprivation']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'increase in subjective sleepiness']

answer: @entity1949 :: (MESH:D012892,Disease) :: ['sleepiness to mental task during nocturnal sleep deprivation']


abstract: A current southeastern cancer study group protocol for the treatment of multiple @entity1582 involves induction with @entity3600 , @entity786 , and @entity229 (BCP) and maintenance with either melphalan and @entity229 (MP), @entity229 , @entity632 , @entity500 , and @entity1891 (PAIV), or delayed treatment of relapsed cases following induction. These combinations of drugs are used as induction regimens to establish their chemotherapeutic effects and hematological @entity137 in the @entity19 MOPC 104E @entity6872 model. The three combinations of drugs produce rapid, reliable, and reproducible @entity5 regressions. However, MP is the only combination which consistently gives long-term disease-free survivors. This particular regimen has least @entity137 and is considered to be most effective. BCP produces complete remission with no relapses; however, long-term survivors are not observed with this combination due to early deaths because of @entity137 . Most of the @entity19 on the PAIV regimen die due to @entity137 . This combination is considered least effective. With the different drug regimens, toxic events and regressions are noted to occur at different time periods, indicating that perhaps @entity5 cells in different stages are being destroyed. Toxic events as measured by hematocrit and body weight changes always precede regression by several days. This disparity between rapid drug effects on the host and a delayed effect on the @entity5 remains unexplained but may possibly be used to advantage in designing future trials.

title: Assessment of XXXX maintenance regimen of @entity229 . @entity632 , @entity500 , and @entity1891 in a @entity19 @entity6872 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['myeloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ) have a high mortality and morbidity. This pilot study was undertaken to identify contributors to outcome in the early management of @entity1 with @entity131 and to investigate the feasibility of a larger study. METHODS: Road @entity130 @entity1 who died between January 1 and April 30, 2000 were selected from the Alfred Hospital's Intensive Care @entity131 database. These @entity1 were matched with 2 survivors from the data base during the same period for age, injury severity score (ISS) and severity of @entity1545 using the head abbreviated injury score (head AIS). @entity1 injury scoring (using the revised @entity130 score, @entity130 and injury severity score and Glasgow @entity772 score), arterial blood gas analysis, lactate concentration, inspired @entity26 concentration, systolic and mean arterial blood pressure, intracranial pressure, intravenous fluid and blood transfusion volumes, body temperature, haemoglobin, white cell count, INR, APTT, temperature and plasma @entity413 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations were recorded for 48 hours from the time of injury. Time periods from the accident to key events (e.g. arrival of ambulance at accident scene, intubation, arrival at the emergency department, insertion of intracranial pressure monitor and primary surgery) were also recorded. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (6 deceased, 12 survivors) were identified. Despite matching, deceased @entity1 had lower initial Glasgow @entity772 Scores (GCS) (3.6 vs. 7.4, P = 0.01) and lower revised @entity130 scores (4.41 vs. 5.75; P = 0.044) compared with survivors. There were no significant differences in other parameters. However, deceased @entity1 tended to have longer times to treatment (P = NS) and experienced @entity130 at night more frequently, and survivors received almost double the volume of fluid resuscitation during the first 12 hours (19.7 +/- 19.1 vs. 11.8 +/- 2.7 mL/kg/hr, P = 0.513). CONCLUSIONS: Both initial GCS and severity of @entity1545 should be used to match @entity131 @entity1 for injury severity in future studies. Lower initial GCS in deceased @entity1 was likely due to greater severity of @entity1545 , although it is also possible that the lower GCS was due to decreased brain perfusion (perhaps reflecting inadequate resuscitation) in these @entity1 . Volume of early fluid resuscitation, time to definitive therapy, and time of presentation to hospital may also be important determinants of @entity1 outcome. A large case control outcome study is required to extend these observations.

title: Factors contributing to fatal outcome of XXXX : a pilot case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury', 'Traumatic Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wheezing and chest tightness is associated with @entity1729 . Thus the occurrence of @entity1729 may influence the prevalence of @entity565 . AIMS: To assess the strength of relation between two main symptoms of @entity565 and the prevalence of @entity1729 in @entity1 with and without @entity565 . METHODS: The study population was 3,796 @entity1 , four years of age, whose parents had answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and @entity565 . The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness in the last 12 months and four weeks was estimated according to the occurrence of @entity1729 during the corresponding time periods; 95% confidence intervals of the prevalence and the statistical significance of the differences in the prevalence by using chi-square test were calculated. RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness was higher in @entity1 who had experienced @entity1729 than in those who had not. The prevalence of wheezing was 17.5% among @entity1 who had experienced @entity3617 and 3.0% among @entity1 whom had not (p<0.001). The prevalence of chest tightness in the last 12 months was 3.7% (95% CI 3.1-4.1) among @entity1 without @entity565 and 59.3% (95% CI 53.4-65.2) among @entity1 with @entity565 (p<0.001). The prevalence of wheezing and chest tightness increased with increasing number of different types of @entity1729 among @entity1 without @entity565 (p<0.001) and tended to be so among @entity1 with @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings have implications for the interpretation of results from epidemiological studies using respiratory symptoms as a health-related outcome of @entity565 .

title: The effect of @entity1729 on reported XXXX symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: Exercise training is a common therapeutic approach known to antagonize the metabolic consequences of @entity28 . The aims of the present study were to examine 1) whether short-term, moderate-intensity exercise training alters the basal metabolite profile and 2) if 10 days of mild exercise training can correct @entity28 -induced shifts in metabolic spectra. After being weaned, male C57BL/6J littermates were randomly divided into two diet groups: low fat (LF) or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). After 12 wk of dietary manipulation, @entity1386 animals were @entity28 and @entity1602 compared with LF animals. @entity19 from each group were further divided into sedentary or exercise treatments. Exercise training consisted of wheel running exercise (2 h/day, 10 days, 5.64 m/min). After exercise training, animals were rested (36 h) and fasted (6 h) before serum collection. Samples were analyzed by high-resolution one-dimensional proton NMR. Fifty high- and medium-concentration metabolites were identified. Pattern recognition algorithms and multivariate modeling were used to identify and isolate significant metabolites changing in response to @entity1386 and exercise training. The results showed that while exercise can mitigate some of the abnormal patterns in metabolic spectra induced by @entity1386 diet feeding, they cannot negate it. In fact, when the effects of diet and exercise were compared, diet was a stronger predictor and had the larger influence on the metabolic profile. External validation of models showed that diet could be correctly classified with an accuracy of 89%, whereas exercise training could be classified 73% of the time. The results demonstrate metabolomics to effectively characterize @entity28 -induced perturbations in metabolism and support the concept that exercise is beneficial for this condition.

title: Metabolomic response to exercise training in lean and diet-induced XXXX @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: The relationships between age, systemic and renal hemodynamics, circulating @entity2661 ( @entity1063 , @entity1425 and @entity935 ) and intravascular volumes were studied in 38 normotensive subjects and in 77 @entity1 with borderline essential @entity101 . Borderline @entity101 @entity1 had a higher cardiac index (p less than 0.02) and renal blood flow (p less than 0.05) than normotensive subjects if they were younger than 30 years of age, whereas in older @entity1 no difference was observed. In contrast, total peripheral resistance was normal in young borderline @entity101 @entity1 , but significantly increased (p less than 0.02) in @entity1 older than age 40 years. Cardiac output (r = -0.28, p less than 0.01) and renal blood flow (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) correlated inversely with age in the entire population and in both subgroups. Cardiac output also correlated closely with renal blood flow in all subjects (r = 0.45, p less than 0.001). Circulating @entity1063 levels increased with age (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05), whereas @entity1425 concentration tended to decrease. Plasma and total blood volume correlated directly with cardiac output (r = 0.39, p less than 0.001) and inversely with peripheral resistance (r = -0.34, p less than 0.001). These data indicate that the hyperdynamic circulation (high cardiac output and renal blood flow) of borderline @entity101 is found predominantly in @entity1 younger than age 30 years. Older @entity1 are characterized by an elevated total peripheral resistance and normal cardiac output. The age-dependent increase in circulating @entity1063 and decrease in @entity1425 levels may participate in the shift of the hemodynamic profile from high-cardiac-output @entity101 in the young to a high-arteriolar-resistance @entity101 in the older @entity1 .

title: Borderline XXXX : relationship between age, hemodynamics and circulating @entity2661 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4225 ( @entity4225 ) has been associated with an intensive use of health resources and a high economic burden. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to analyze the use of mental healthcare resources by @entity4225 @entity1 , to identify the information gaps on @entity4225 at the regional health databases and to describe specific indicators and patterns of care utilization by @entity1 with @entity4225 in order to guide evidence-informed policy planning in Catalonia (Spain). METHODS: A multi-level cross-design synthesis approach was applied following a mixed quantitative-qualitative analysis to estimate the regional service utilisation of @entity1 with @entity4225 . This framing analysis included estimates based on all available data on the use of services combined with prior expert knowledge gathered through a nominal group of key stakeholders in this field. RESULTS: The estimated year prevalence of @entity4225 was 0.7% but only 9.6% of all @entity4225 @entity1 in Catalonia had any contact with the health care system. Of those, less than half contacted mental health care. @entity4225 represented 1.7% of the total care load in the community mental health centres. A significant information gap was identified in all the official databases and impeded their direct use for planning and resource allocation in @entity4225 . Expert knowledge was required to estimate rates of care utilization at every level of care system (primary care, specialized outpatient care and hospital care). Nevertheless the high pattern of care utilization identified at the databases was accurate according to the experts. DISCUSSION: Detection of @entity4225 was lower than expected in the local, regional and national databases and registries of Catalonia. Local data was judged highly inaccurate by experts in comparison to data available on other @entity146 in the same databases. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY AND RESEARCH: Specific incentives should be implemented to improve the availability and accuracy of information on @entity4225 at the regional databases. When present, @entity4225 should be coded before other @entity146 in clinical records and health databases. Mental health surveys and @entity146 epidemiological studies should specifically incorporate @entity4225 in their inclusion criteria and further studies on the utilisation pattern of this disorder are needed, both locally and internationally.

title: Regional Analysis of Health Service Utilisation by XXXX with Borderline Personality Disorders: Implications for Evidence-Informed Policy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity4225 :: ('MESH:D001883', 'Disease') :: ['BPD', 'Borderline Personality Disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders', 'psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Persons']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Laparoscopic gastric bypass is a recently introduced treatment option for morbid @entity28 , with promising initial results. Stenosis of the gastroenterostomy is a recognized complication. The efficacy and safety of @entity384 for the management of this type of @entity850 has not been studied. @entity1 AND METHODS: 450 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic gastric bypass at our institution were followed prospectively. All @entity1 had a 15 ml gastric pouch and either a 75 cm or 150 cm jejunal Roux limb depending on whether @entity28 was morbid (body mass index (BMI) < 50 kg/m 2) or super-morbid (BMI > 50 kg/m 2). @entity1 who developed symptoms compatible with stenosis of the gastrojejunostomy were referred for upper @entity344 . RESULTS: 14 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 and three @entity1 , underwent a total of 27 endoscopies, with 23 balloon dilations. Their average age was 46 years (range 33 - 59 years), average preoperative BMI was 47 kg/m 2, and they presented an average of 2.7 months after surgery (range 0.3 - 15.7 months). Of the 14 @entity1 , 13 had a stricture of the gastrojejunostomy and one @entity1 had @entity4 . For initial dilation, a 15 mm hydrostatic balloon was used in 12 @entity1 and an 18 mm balloon in two @entity1 . There was response to treatment with the 15 mm balloon in seven of the 12 @entity1 (58 %), and they required no further dilation; in one there was a response to a further 15 mm @entity384 ; in three @entity1 a response to subsequent 18 mm @entity384 ; and one @entity1 required 18 mm and 25 mm balloon dilations. The two @entity1 treated with an initial 18 mm @entity384 required no further dilations. The average length of follow-up after successful dilation was 18 months (range 7 - 30 months). There were no complications with any of the 23 dilations performed. CONCLUSION: Stenosis of the gastroenterostomy after laparoscopic gastric bypass occurred in 3.1 % of the @entity1 in this series. It can be successfully and safely treated with @entity384 with good long-term follow-up.

title: XXXX of gastroenteric anastomotic stricture after laparoscopic gastric bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation', 'endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Endoscopic balloon dilation']


abstract: The reverse hemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) was used to detect hormone release from cultured normal, @entity5072 , and neoplastic @entity35 pituitary cells. @entity5072 pituitary cells were produced by s.c. @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) treatment (10 mg in Silastic tubes) for 3, 6, and 9 weeks. Neoplastic pituitary cells from @entity35 with @entity5 treated with @entity4743 for 3 weeks were also analyzed. Aliquots of the same cells were also analyzed by immunocytochemical staining. @entity4743 treatment resulted in an increase in @entity3695 (PRL)-producing cells in @entity4611 compared to untreated pituitaries after 9 weeks of treatment by the RHPA [61.2 +/- 5.2 (SE) versus 32 +/- 3.0] and by immunocytochemical staining [70.9 +/- 2.4 versus 36 +/- 1.4]. The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells decreased from 11.3 +/- 3.8 to 4.2 +/- 2.6% in pituitary cells from these same groups of animals. After 3 weeks of @entity4743 treatment in @entity35 with @entity5 , there was an increase in @entity11249 ( @entity11249 )-producing cells and a decrease in PRL-producing cells when analyzed by the RHPA (control: percentage of @entity11249 , 36.3 +/- 6.2; percentage of PRL, 39.0 +/- 1.6 versus @entity4743 -treated @entity5 : percentage of @entity11249 of 68.2 +/- 1.9; and percentage of PRL, 3.2 +/- 1.8%). The percentage of mammosomatotropic cells declined from 12.4 +/- 2.3 to 0.77 +/- 2.4%. A combined procedure of RHPA followed by immunocytochemical staining on the same slides also revealed a decline in mammosomatotropic cells after chronic @entity4743 treatment in @entity5072 and neoplastic @entity5 cells. These results show that @entity4743 has different effects on PRL and @entity11249 secretion and storage in @entity5072 pituitary and in the MtT/W15 @entity977 cells.

title: Analysis of @entity3695 and XXXX production in @entity5072 and neoplastic @entity35 pituitary tissues by the hemolytic plaque assay.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['MtT/W15 transplantable tumors', 'MtT/W15 tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic', 'Hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic pituitaries']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonesterified @entity1718 (NEFA) play pathophysiological roles in @entity209 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). In this study, we analyzed the fasting NEFA profiles of normoglycemic individuals at risk for @entity2175 ( @entity1 with a recent history of @entity6677 (GDM)) in comparison to controls ( @entity1 after a normoglycemic pregnancy). We also examined the associations of NEFA species with overweight/ @entity28 , body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using LC-MS/MS, we analyzed 41 NEFA species in the fasting sera of 111 @entity1 (62 post-GDM, 49 controls). Clinical characterization included a five-point oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT), biomarkers and anthropometrics, magnetic resonance imaging (n = 62) and a food frequency questionnaire. Nonparametric tests with Bonferroni correction, binary logistic regression analyses and rank correlations were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 after GDM had a lower molar percentage of total @entity1718 ( @entity10194 ; 38.55% vs. 40.32%, p = 0.0002) than controls. At an explorative level of significance several NEFA species were associated with post-GDM status (with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and HbA1c): The molar percentages of 14:0, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:4 were reduced, whereas those of 18:1, 18:2, 20:2, 24:4, @entity6221 ( @entity8981 ), @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) and total n-6 NEFA were increased. BMI and the amount of body fat correlated inversely with several @entity10194 and @entity8981 and positively with various @entity5204 species over the whole study cohort (abs(  )>= 0.3 for all). 14:0 was inversely and BMI-independently associated with abdominal visceral adiposity. We saw no correlations of NEFA species with insulin sensitivity and the total NEFA concentration was similar in the post-GDM and the control group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found alterations in the fasting NEFA profile associated with a recent history of @entity6677 , a risk marker for @entity2175 . NEFA composition also varied with overweight/ @entity28 and with body fat distribution, but not with insulin sensitivity.

title: Differences in the serum nonesterified Fatty Acid profile of young @entity1 associated with a recent history of @entity6677 and overweight/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type 2 diabetes', 'T2D']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: A slow-growing Corynebacterium was isolated in pure culture from pus of a K  ntscher-nailed @entity174 . The strain was identified as Johnson-Kay strain or corynebacterium JK (CJK). This bacterium has been discovered recently and recognized as the cause of serious @entity281 , especially in immunocompromized @entity1 , polytraumatized @entity1 , and @entity1 with @entity299 . Superficial wounds can be colonized and hemocultures contaminated with CJK. Nosocomial spreading can occur. This microorganism is usually highly resistant to antimicrobial agents and requires therapy with @entity2176 . This case was different from @entity281 with "CJK" in several aspects. The @entity281 occurred in a @entity1 without underlying disease and the strain was sensitive to the antibiotic. The @entity1 responded well to @entity7048 treatment. Being part of the normal skin flora, Corynebacteria are often discarded as contaminants. A critical review of all clinical and laboratory data is necessary for the recognition of the @entity281 and is important especially when a resistant strain is encountered.

title: Corynebacterium JK (Johnson-Kay strain) @entity281 of a K  ntscher-nailed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity7048 :: ('MESH:D002437', 'Chemical') :: ['cephazolin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections', 'classic infections']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac valve replacement']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial fracture']


abstract: AIMS: Therapeutic approaches to treat @entity384 ( @entity384 ), which is characterized by @entity308 and susceptibility to @entity141 -related @entity943 , have been generally unsuccessful. Our objective in the present work was to determine the effect of the @entity14207 ( @entity14207 ) biased ligand, @entity70692 , on contractility of hearts of a transgenic @entity19 model of @entity384 with mutation in tropomyosin at position 54 (TG- @entity49819 ). Our rationale is based on previous studies, which have supported the hypothesis that biased G-protein-coupled receptor ligands, signalling via b-arrestin, increase cardiac contractility with no effect on @entity141 transients. Our previous work demonstrated that the biased ligand @entity70692 is able to block angiotensin-induced @entity1184 , while promoting an increase in sarcomere @entity141 response. METHODS AND RESULTS: We tested the hypothesis that the @entity308 in cardiac function associated with @entity384 can be offset by infusion of the @entity14207 biased ligand, @entity70692 . We intravenously infused saline, @entity70692 , or the unbiased ligand, @entity9886 , for 15 min in TG- @entity49819 and non- @entity19 to obtain left ventricular pressure-volume relations. Hearts were analysed for sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Results showed that the @entity14207 biased ligand increases cardiac performance in TG- @entity49819 @entity19 in association with increased myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity19 with an @entity14207 biased ligand, acting via b-arrestin signalling, is able to induce an increase in cardiac contractility associated with an increase in ventricular myosin light chain-2 phosphorylation. @entity14207 biased ligands may prove to be a novel inotropic approach in @entity384 .

title: Cardiac myosin light chain phosphorylation and inotropic effects of a biased ligand, XXXX , in a @entity384 model.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression', 'depressed sarcomeric tension']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'familial dilated cardiomyopathy', 'familial DCM']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity49819 :: ('p|SUB|E|54|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['E54K']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity14207 :: ('11610(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor', 'AT1R']

answer: @entity70692 :: (MESH:C555535,Chemical) :: ['TRV120023']


abstract: The training intensity may affect the monocarboxylate transporters @entity3195 and @entity3342 in skeletal muscle. Therefore, 20 elite cross-country skiers (11 @entity1 and nine @entity1 ) trained hard for 5 months at either moderate ( @entity373 , 60-70% of VO2max) or high intensity (HIG, 80-90%). The @entity880 threshold, several performance parameters, and the blood @entity880 concentration ( @entity4619 ) after exhausting treadmill running were also determined. Muscle biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after the training period were analysed for the two MCTs and for muscle fibre types and six enzymes. The concentration of @entity3195 did not change for HIG (P=0.3) but fell for @entity373 (-12 +/- 3%, P=0.01); the training response differed between the two groups (P=0.05). The concentration of @entity3342 did not change during the training period (P > 0.10). The concentration of the two MCTs did not differ between the two sexes (P=0.9). The running speed at the @entity880 threshold rose for HIG (+3.2 +/- 0.9%, P=0.003), while no change was seen for @entity373 (P=0.54); the training response differed between the two groups (P=0.04). The @entity4619 after long-lasting exhausting treadmill running correlated with the concentration of @entity3195 (rs=0.69, P=0.002), but not with that of @entity3342 (rs=0.2, P=0.2). There were no other significant correlations between the concentrations of the two MCTs and the performance parameters, muscle fibre types, or enzymes (r < or = 0.36, P > 0.10). Thus, the training response differed between @entity373 and HIG both in terms of performance and of the effect on @entity3195 . Training at high intensity may be more effective for cross-country skiers. Finally, @entity3195 may be important for releasing @entity880 to the blood during long-lasting exercise.

title: Effect of training intensity on muscle @entity880 transporters and XXXX threshold of cross-country skiers.

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: @entity2070 formation characterized by neovascularization is a prominent pathologic finding in both @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and @entity35 @entity1753 ( @entity1753 ). @entity1753 is a T-cell-dependent process induced by immunization of inbred LOU @entity35 with native type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity10822 is a highly specific inhibitor of new blood vessel formation by its effects on endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) is an immunomodulating agent that inhibits @entity5041 and other cytokine production involved in early antigen activation of T-cells. In this study the effects of single and combination therapy with @entity10822 (27 mg/kg alternate days) and low-dose @entity870 (4 mg/kg/day continuous infusion via osmotic pump) on established @entity1753 (total n = 62) were examined. At Day 18 post @entity625 onset, clinical @entity625 was significantly reduced in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity10822 (1.88 +/- 0.33) or combination therapy (1.13 +/- 0.32) (P < 0.00001 and 0.000001, respectively) versus control. Single-agent @entity870 -treated @entity35 , even if given @entity870 beginning on the day of immunization, did not attenuate @entity625 severity. THe @entity625 score of combination-treated @entity35 was significantly lower than that of @entity35 receiving @entity10822 (P < 0.0001), reflecting a more moderate early disease course in combination-treated @entity35 . Disease severity in @entity35 treated with single-agent @entity870 was not significantly different from control @entity35 . Mean WBC counts, differentials, and @entity56 responses were similar in all groups. CII antibody levels were lower in @entity10822 protocols compared to @entity870 or controls. Flow cytometry of peripheral blood, spleen, and lymph nodes demonstrated decreased levels of @entity11264 + cells in @entity35 given @entity870 . @entity1505 levels remained elevated, even in treated @entity35 , while @entity6667 levels were reduced in @entity35 receiving @entity10822 compared to both arthritic controls and naive @entity35 . Both single-agent and combination therapies were well tolerated. This is the first study to examine the effects of @entity10822 together with @entity870 . Combination therapy was more effective than single-agent therapy. The results suggest that the use of interventions with distinct mechanisms of action may be efficacious in the treatment of @entity309 .

title: Suppression of @entity1753 by an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity10822 , in combination with @entity205 : reduction of XXXX ( @entity6667 ).

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal mean arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1753 :: ('MESH:D001169', 'Disease') :: ['collagen-induced arthritis', 'CIA']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['delayed-type hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity6667 :: (83785(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']


abstract: Movement/arousal has been described as a characteristic of @entity27 ( @entity27 ), but opinions differ as to whether or not @entity27 in @entity1 increases the frequency of movement/arousal. The problem that we decided to address was the lack of a comprehensive definition and characterization of movement/arousals in @entity1 . We therefore quantified and classified movement/arousals during nocturnal polysomnography in 15 @entity1 5.2 +/- 2.7 SD yr of age being evaluated for @entity27 . Movement/arousals were defined by modifying the standard criteria for scoring arousals in adults. Median respiratory disturbance index was 4.4/h, with a range of 1 to 28/h. Videotape review was required to adequately distinguish technician-induced from spontaneous movement/arousals. Although movement/arousal durations varied from 1 s to prolonged awakenings, a high frequency of brief, 1- to 3-s movement/arousals occurred in all classification categories: respiratory, 44%; technician-induced, 33%; spontaneous, 36%. When comparing a 16-channel PSG montage with that of a seven-channel cardiorespiratory montage, we found that 84% of all movement/arousals could be detected using the abbreviated montage. In conclusion, we propose a simple classification system that distinguishes three types of movement/arousals: respiratory, technician-induced, and spontaneous. Our results further suggest that a simple montage using cardiorespiratory channels and videotaping would be suitable for home study and sensitive for identifying movement/arousals.

title: Movement/arousals. Description, classification, and relationship to sleep apnea in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['adult obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'OSAS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the best regimen for the primary treatment of low-risk @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two commonly used single-drug regimens were compared with respect to the proportion of @entity1 meeting the criteria for a complete response (CR) in a randomized phase III trial conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Eligibility was purposefully broad to maximize the generalizability of the results and included @entity1 with a WHO risk score of 0 to 6 and @entity1 with @entity3 (limited to lung lesions < 2 cm, adnexa, or vagina) or @entity1466 . RESULTS: Two hundred forty @entity1 were enrolled, and 216 were deemed eligible. Biweekly intravenous @entity4316 1.25 mg/m   was statistically superior to weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 30 mg/m   (CR: 70% v 53%; P = .01). Similarly, in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1469 as defined before the 2002 WHO risk score revisions (risk score of 0 to 4 and excluding @entity1466 ), response was 58% and 73% in the @entity1499 and @entity4316 arms, respectively (P = .03). Both regimens were less effective if the WHO risk score was 5 or 6 or if the diagnosis was @entity1466 (CR: 9% and 42%, respectively). There were two potential recurrences; one at 4 months ( @entity4316 ) and one at 22 months ( @entity1499 ). Not all @entity1 completed follow-up. Both regimens were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The biweekly @entity4316 regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM @entity1499 regimen in low-risk @entity1469 , a generally curable disease.

title: Phase III trial of weekly @entity1499 or pulsed XXXX for low-risk @entity1469 : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity4316 :: (MESH:D003609,Chemical) :: ['dactinomycin']


abstract: Significant incremental advances in the use of systemic hormonal therapy and chemotherapy for the treatment of @entity0 have occurred in the past few years. Benefits of systemic therapy can be broadly divided into two major categories. The first is the favorable impact of systemic adjuvant therapy on recurrence and survival following primary surgical therapy for early stage disease. In this setting, both hormonal therapy and chemotherapy are effective. The results of recent trials as well as an overview analysis of randomized studies, have been able to further delineate, although not unequivocally, for which populations of @entity1 a given type of therapy is most efficacious. Additionally, a more precise estimate of the reduction in odds of relapse and @entity204 afforded by a given therapy and within a defined @entity1 subgroups is now possible, and these may be helpful in guiding clinical decision-making. Second, the treatment of advanced @entity3 remains challenging due to the inability to induce long-term remissions or cures despite common initial responsiveness to hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. Over the last decade, only a few new drugs have been approved for the treatment of @entity0 , although several promising chemotherapeutic and biological agents are under scientific and clinical development. The use of therapy in this setting is therefore currently aimed at improving symptoms and quality of life. The use of conventional and novel chemotherapeutic agents at escalated doses with the use of hematopoietic growth factors, peripheral stem cells or autologous marrow support in terms of improved response rates and the potential to prolong survival, achieve long-terms remissions or cures, and improve quality of life is under active investigation.

title: Chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Individual differences are thought to influence the propensity for exposure to @entity130 and the subsequent development of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) symptoms. Prior research has identified pre-existing @entity1316 as one such individual risk factor for traumatic events as well as for @entity1005 . The present study reports the incidence of traumatic events (and @entity1005 ) and examines @entity146 risk factors for @entity130 exposure in a prospective community sample. Data come from a prospective, longitudinal epidemiological study of adolescents and young adults (age 14-24) in Munich, Germany. Respondent diagnoses (N = 2,548) at baseline and at follow-up 34-50 months later were considered. Psychiatric diagnoses at baseline were examined as predictors of qualifying @entity130 . Baseline prevalence of @entity1 having experienced @entity130 meeting DSM-IV A1 and A2 criteria ('qualifying @entity130 ') was 16.7%; during the follow-up period, 20.3% @entity1 had experienced incident (new) qualifying traumata. The prevalence of @entity1005 , including subthreshold cases, at baseline was 5.6%; by the end of the follow-up period this had increased to 10.3%. Presence of an @entity148 at baseline predicted exposure to qualifying @entity130 during the follow-up period (adjusted ORs ranging from 1.36 for any @entity130 type to 3.00 for sexual @entity130 ); this association was apparently due to an increased tendency to report events as being particularly horrific (meeting A2 criteria). In contrast, presence of illicit drug use predicted the onset of traumatic events (specifically assaultive and sexual @entity130 ) meeting at least A1 criteria, suggesting an actual exposure to these types of traumatic events for this class of disorders. In this prospective study of urban adolescents and young adults, certain classes of pre-existing @entity146 (most notably @entity148 and illicit @entity734 ) were associated with increased risk for qualifying traumatic events. The mechanisms by which premorbid @entity146 promote exposure to traumatic events are unknown. Better understanding of these pathways may lead to novel strategies for primary and secondary prevention of @entity1005 .

title: Patterns of incidence and XXXX risk factors for traumatic events.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug use disorders']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['traumas', 'trauma']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 is a common complication of @entity27 ( @entity27 ). Circulating cell-derived microparticles (MPs) have emerged as reliable biomarkers of @entity409 and @entity731 . METHODS: @entity1 underwent blood drawing the morning after a sleep study. Endothelial function was assessed using a modified hyperemic test after cuff-induced occlusion of the brachial artery. Circulating MP levels in plasma, including levels of endothelial MPs, endothelial progenitor MPs, leukocyte MPs, and platelet MPs, were measured using flow cytometry after staining with cell-specific antibodies. RESULTS: The levels of endothelial MPs, endothelial progenitor MPs, leukocyte MPs, and platelet MPs were significantly different according to the severity of @entity27 in @entity1 . Leukocyte @entity9536 + MPs and platelet CD41a+ MPs correlated with the @entity27 index (AHI) (r = 0.334, P < .001; and r = 0.301, P < .001, respectively), and associations emerged between leukocyte @entity9536 + MPs and @entity755 (r = 0.206, P < .05) and between endothelial MPs and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (r = 0.240, P < .01). In a multivariate regression model, the BMI z score (b    SE, 0.045    0.020; P = .020) and the @entity1427 a MPs to leukocyte @entity1195 MPs ratio (b    SE, 0.074    0.032; P = .021) were independently associated with peak hyperemic responses. After controlling for age, gender, race, BMI z score, and @entity755 levels, endothelial MPs, endothelial progenitor MPs, and leukocyte MPs showed independent associations with the AHI. Complex significant associations emerged between endothelial function, the AHI, and @entity1427 a MPs. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood @entity27 is associated with higher circulating MP levels that can promote cardiovascular risk. Platelet-derived MPs emerge as being significantly associated with the @entity455 associated with @entity27 in @entity1 and could potentially account for increased risk for altered endothelial function. However, the clinical use of MPs as reliable biomarker indicators of vascular risk will have to await further studies.

title: Circulating microparticles in XXXX with sleep disordered breathing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'OSA', 'pediatric obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ) have increased risks for @entity458 than healthy @entity1 . This study aimed to explore the roles of psychosocial factors and duodenal mast cells in the pathogenesis of @entity2210 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We prospectively included 48 @entity2210 @entity1 and 21 age- and sex-match healthy volunteers. There were 23 @entity1 with @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) and 25 @entity1 with @entity158 ( @entity158 ). The @entity308 Scale (HADS) was administered to evaluate their psychosocial status. Upper endoscopy was performed with biopsy of the mucosa from the bulb of duodenum. Mast cells counts and degranulation rates were identified by @entity11979 staining. The relationship among the scores of HADS-A ( @entity148 ) and HADS-D ( @entity308 ) and the mast cell counts and degranulation rates were analyzed. RESULTS: The scores of HADS-A and HADS-D were significantly higher in @entity4053 and @entity158 @entity1 than the normal controls (P<0.05). The mast cell counts and degranulation rates in the duodenum were significantly increased in @entity4053 and @entity158 @entity1 than the controls (P<0.05). In either @entity4053 or @entity158 @entity1 , the HADS-A and HADS-D scores were positively correlated with the mast cell counts and degranulation rate. CONCLUSION: @entity2210 @entity1 had significantly higher risks for @entity148 and @entity308 , which may lead to @entity2210 through the increased mast cell counts and degranulation.

title: @entity148 and XXXX are associated with increased counts and degranulation of duodenal mast cells in @entity2210 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'peoples']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Anxiety Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['PDS', 'postprandial distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity11979 :: ('MESH:D014048', 'Chemical') :: ['toluidine blue']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain syndrome', 'EPS']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['functional dyspepsia', 'FD']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Our research focusses on the role of brain and hypophysis in the control of background adaptation in the clawed toad, @entity1238 . This adaptation is regulated by @entity22847 ( @entity22847 ). Previously, it was shown that various neurotransmitters influence @entity22847 release. Here we report about the origin of these factors. Using retrograde labelling techniques combined with immunocytochemistry, it was found that the inhibitory transmitters @entity935 and neuropeptide Y coexist in neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. These neurons project to the pars intermedia and synaptically contact the @entity22847 -producing melanotrope cells. In the synapses also @entity1246 is present. Tracing of the optic nerve indicated the presence of a direct retinosuprachiasmatic tract. Furthermore, locus coeruleus neurons project to the pars intermedia. They contain the inhibitory transmitter @entity1063 . The stimulatory factors @entity73331 and thyrotropin stimulating hormone originate from the magnocellular nucleus which send its processes to the neural lobe of the hypophysis.

title: Central control of melanotrope cells of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity22847 :: ('380532(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-MSH', 'alpha-melanophorestimulating hormone']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity73331 :: ('100337609(Tax:8355)', 'Gene') :: ['corticotropin-releasing hormone']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus laevis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to compare dentofacial characteristics of @entity7166 in Saudi and Japanese adult females. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Lateral cephalograms of 50 Saudi adult female and 50 Japanese adult female (18-35-year-old) were obtained. All @entity1 were skeletal @entity7166 , angle @entity7166 , arch length discrepancy (-10-10 mm), overjet (1-5 mm), overbite (1-5 mm), absence of @entity154 , or significant @entity7439 or congenitally missing tooth other than the 3(rd) molar and absence of temporomandibular joint problems. @entity1 cephalograms were traced and digitized. 16 angular measurements and 13 linear measurements of facial form were used. RESULTS: A comparison of the vertical dimension showed that the Saudi females had a significantly larger gonial angle, a significantly larger facial angle and longer lower face height compared to the Japanese females. Dentally, Saudi females had more protruded incisors with increased distances of the posterior teeth to the palatal plane. For the soft tissue dimension, the Saudi subjects had a significantly more prominent nose, retruded lip and a more protruded chin compared with Japanese. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in dentofacial morphology between Saudi and Japanese adult females. Both Asian countries have distinct cephalometric features, which should be considered as a reference in treating @entity1 of varying ethnic backgrounds to optimize the final results.

title: Differences in dentofacial characteristics of XXXX between Saudi and Japanese adult females.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity7166 :: ('MESH:D008311', 'Disease') :: ['Class I', 'Class I malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity7439 :: ('MESH:D005146', 'Disease') :: ['facial asymmetries']

answer: @entity7166 :: (MESH:D008311,Disease) :: ['Class I malocclusion']


abstract: Thirty HLA-A2 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received up to 14 vaccinations with MDA-MB-231- @entity7938 , an HLA-A2 allogeneic @entity0 cell line, which had been lipofected with the cDNA for the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule. @entity5 cells were administered with BCG or @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Sera obtained before and after vaccination were analyzed for antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate, @entity2355 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 and @entity876 . Since the cell line was grown in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ), sera were also analyzed for antibodies to @entity2241 . Eighteen of 24 @entity1 for whom sera were available exhibited anti- @entity2241 activity at baseline. Eleven of these 18 @entity1 and all six @entity1 without baseline anti- @entity2241 activity showed an increased titer after vaccination. The anti- @entity2241 activity required that serum samples be absorbed in excess @entity2241 to detect specific antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate. A two-fold increase in the titer of IgG specific to @entity5 cell lysate was observed in 6 @entity1 . Eight of 24 @entity1 made an antibody response to @entity1722 , four of 24 to @entity2355 and one of 24 to @entity876 . Although antibody production to a variety of @entity5 cell-associated antigens was detected our results suggest that a whole cell vaccine comprising a @entity7938 -transfected allogeneic @entity0 cell line with adjuvant BCG or @entity2841 was not a reliable method to induce significant antibody responses in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Identification of @entity5 -specific antibodies in @entity1 with XXXX vaccinated with gene-modified @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences have indicated that there are gender differences in the prevalence of @entity209 ( @entity15 ), but the mechanism is uncertain. METHODS: A total of 711 subjects aged 35-65  years accepted health examinations both in 1992 and 2007. Since 114 subjects had @entity15 and 7 had @entity299 at baseline, they were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, 590 subjects with complete data (male: 61.5  %) were available and analysed. After the relationship between gender and incident @entity15 at follow-up was tested, these subjects were categorized into four groups according to the baseline resting heart rate(RHR) classified by genders. Trend tests of @entity15 incidences across the four groups of resting heart rate were conducted by Cochran-Armitage tend tests in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Additionally, three logistic regression models were used to estimate the effects of RHR on the new onset of @entity15 by taking RHR as a continuous variable(per 4 beats/min elevation). RESULTS: Gender( @entity1 ) itself was an independent risk factor for incident @entity15 at follow-up(OR   =   2.64, 1.33-5.23, P   =   0.005). The incidences of @entity15 according to the RHR categories showed a statistical linear trend in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.018) rather than in @entity1 (P for trend   =   0.194). The ORs[95  % confidence intervals(CIs)] of @entity15 for each 4  bpm elevation in RHR was 1.18(1.03-1.36)(P   =   0.020) in a univariate model, 1.20 (1.04-1.38) (P   =   0.011) adjusted for age and health related behaviors only and 1.23(1.06-1.43)(P   =   0.007) adjusted for age, health related behaviors and pre-existing components of @entity15 in the baseline in @entity1 . Otherwise, RHR did not have any significant associations with incident @entity15 in @entity1 neither in a univariate model nor in multivariate models. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, elevated RHR is correlated with the development of @entity15 in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 .

title: Elevated resting heart rate predisposes XXXX in @entity1 rather than in @entity1 : a 15-year prospective study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Photosystem II (PSII) contains a redox-active @entity669 , D. Difference FT-IR spectroscopy can be used to obtain structural information about this species, which is a neutral radical, D*, in the photooxidized form. Previously, we have used isotopic labeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetics to assign a vibrational line at 1477 cm-1 to D*; these studies were performed on highly resolved PSII preparations at pH 7.5   Kim et al. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1364, 337-360; publisher's correction, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1366, 330-354  . Here, we use kinetics to assign vibrational features to @entity18481 radical, D*, in PSII membranes. EPR and fluorescence controls identify a time regime in which D* decay occurs independently of redox changes involving the PSII @entity3276 acceptors. Difference FT-IR spectra, acquired over this time regime, exhibit decreases in the amplitude of a 1477 cm-1 line; quantitative comparison with EPR transients supports the assignment to D*. Conditions, requiring the use of @entity1391 / @entity5189 , have been described for observation of a dissimilar FT-IR spectrum, which has been assigned to @entity18481 radical D*; this spectrum lacks a 1477 cm-1 line   Hienerwadel et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14712-14723  . Under these conditions, we have observed (1) an acceleration in the rate of D* decay and a decrease in D* yield attributable to the presence of @entity5189 , (2) a proportional decrease in the amplitude of FT-IR spectra acquired over the time regime in which D* decays, (3) frequency shifts in the D* - D FT-IR spectrum, (4) large-scale structural changes, as assessed by the @entity6346 I line shape, and (5) contributions to the FT-IR spectrum from the @entity1391 / @entity5189 buffer in the absence of PSII. We conclude that changes in the FT-IR spectrum, observed in the presence of @entity1391 / @entity5189 , are caused by alterations in the environment of D* and by direct @entity1391 / @entity5189 contributions to the spectrum.

title: Vibrational spectrum associated with the reduction of XXXX radical D* in photosystem II: a comparative biochemical and kinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity18481 :: (CHEBI:37898,Chemical) :: ['tyrosyl']


abstract: In a study of the factors surrounding the development of @entity8 clinical data and serial radiographs were analysed in 74 @entity1 and @entity1 (66 @entity1 and eight @entity1 ) without duplex kidney or obstruction. The development of new scars was seen radiologically in 87 kidneys (74 previously normal and 13 previously scarred). New @entity2318 was extensive in 16 kidneys. Thirty four @entity1 were aged 5 or over when @entity2318 occurred. @entity293 occurred in all the @entity1 . Diagnosis and effective treatment were delayed in 45 of them; 58 suffered further urinary infections between the baseline intravenous urogram and the first showing new @entity2318 . @entity3025 was seen in 67 of the @entity1 . Investigation and treatment varied widely, and few @entity1 received long term prophylaxis. Social problems interfered with the management of 22 @entity1 . Early diagnosis, prompt effective treatment, investigation, and long term supervision of @entity1 with @entity293 are essential if renal @entity2318 is to be reduced; those over the age of 5 are still vulnerable.

title: Development of new XXXX : a collaborative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal scars']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteric reflux']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary infection', 'urinary infection']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal scars']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could prevent or alleviate @entity647 ( @entity647 ) when transplanted into lung; however, the mechanisms involved remains elusive. The study aimed to investigate the effect of MSCs in repairing alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) of @entity133 ( @entity133 ) cells through paracrine factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity11943 ( @entity11943 ) concentration in the supernatant of MSC culture medium was measured, and MSCs in lung after intravenous administration was traced. Next, MSCs transfected with or without @entity11943 SiRNA were injected intravenously into LPS-induced @entity647 @entity35 . Histological change and wet/dry ratio were determined. @entity133 cells were co-cultured with MSCs under different experimental situations to analyze the variation of @entity48414 subunits of @entity4024 - @entity3529 -ATPase in @entity133 cells. RESULTS: LPS-induced @entity647 was characterized by the typical inflammatory infiltrates, interalveolar septal thickening and increased wet/dry ratio. MSC administration significantly reduced the injury, while MSCs with @entity11943 knockdown did no show the same effect. In vitro study also confirmed that expressions of @entity48414 subunit were up-regulated as impaired @entity133 cells co-cultured with MSCs. Furthermore, expression of a1 subunit was down-regulated, while b1 subunit showed no apparent change as @entity133 cells were co-cultured with MSCs that were transfected with @entity11943 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS: AFC was @entity32 insult. MSCs-derived @entity11943 reduced the impaired AFC through up-regulated a1 subunit but not b1 subunit, which might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for @entity647 .

title: Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate LPS-induced @entity647 through XXXX promoting alveolar fluid clearance of alveolar type II cells.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['impaired by inflammation']

entities_list: @entity11943 :: ('29348(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Keratinocyte growth factor', 'KGF']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['AT-II', 'alveolar type-II']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity11943 :: (29348(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['KGF']


abstract: Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated an increased risk of @entity295 after splenectomy. The importance of the spleen in clearing a bacterial challenge from pneumococci or other encapsulated organisms is now well accepted. The role of the spleen in handling a @entity2259 due to nonencapsulated (Gram negative) organisms is not well established. @entity35 were subjected to either sham operation or splenectomy. Two weeks after surgery, all animals received 10(6) @entity526 by intraperitoneal injection. Tail vein blood samples for quantitative culture were obtained at multiple time intervals after the bacterial challenge. All animals developed a @entity2259 . Initially, the mean bloodstream bacterial counts were comparable in the sham and splenectomy groups. Sham-operated @entity35 cleared all bacteria from the bloodstream within 240 minutes. In contrast, 240 minutes after bacterial injection, @entity526 could still be recovered from the blood of asplenic @entity35 at levels comparable to those noted at the start of the experiment. The present study shows that splenectomy does impair the animal's ability to clear a @entity2259 .

title: The effect of splenectomy on gram-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['fatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia', 'Gram-negative bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: In a search for a simple noninvasive test for early detection of @entity0 , radioimmunoassay was used to determine carcinoembryonic ( @entity787 ) levels in the serum and breast fluid of 26 @entity1 presenting with spontaneous breast discharge, and in the serum and milk of 34 postpartum lactating @entity1 . In 54 milk samples from 34 healthy nursing mothers, the mean @entity787 level was 62.6 +/- 49.2 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) (range 5 to 252 ng/ml). The highest levels were found during the first days after delivery. Serum @entity787 levels measured in 18 of the 34 mothers were negative in 12 cases and normal (10 +/- 5.3 ng/ml) in six. No correlation was found between @entity787 levels in milk and those in serum. In the @entity1 with spontaneous breast fluid discharge, @entity787 levels in the breast fluid measured less than 300 ng/ml in 10 cases, 300 to 1,000 ng/ml in 9 cases and greater than 1,000 ng/ml in 7 cases. None of the 19 @entity1 with @entity787 values below 1,000 ng/ml had a @entity5 . Four of the seven @entity1 with the highest @entity787 levels were found to have @entity0 . Serum @entity787 levels were within the normal range in both the malignant and nonmalignant cases. We conclude that @entity787 levels are markedly elevated in breast fluid discharges in nonlactating @entity1 , and that the highest levels may be associated with @entity5 .

title: Carcinoembryonic-like substance in breast fluid discharge in benign and malignant breast disease and in milk of lactating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is a pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). We retrospectively examined the feasibility and safety of this technique to manage symptomatic simple @entity8 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with simple @entity8 were selected and treated by incising the cyst wall to drain into the collecting system through retrograde ureteroscopy. A retrospective observational study was performed to evaluate the @entity1 's symptomatic and radiologic results after ureteroscopic marsupialization. Symptomatic success based on @entity158 relief was evaluated using a visual analog @entity158 scale preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiologic success was defined as no recurrence of the cyst or a reduction in cyst size by at least half. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications observed. The mean operative time was 35 minutes (range 20-50 min). The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days (range 2-5 d). Of the 16 @entity1 , one @entity1 was lost at follow-up. The symptoms based on @entity158 had resolved in 13 (83%) cases but remained in 2 cases at a mean follow-up of 24.2 months (range 6-36 mos). The average visual analog @entity158 scale decreased from 6.7 (range 4-9) to 1.1 (range 0-5) at the sixth month. The mean size of all cysts decreased from 6.8 cm (range 4-10 cm) to 1.3 cm (range 0-5 cm). Radiographic success was achieved in 93% (14/15) of @entity1 . Cytology and cyst wall pathology reports revealed no evidence of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is a complete transurethral NOTES marsupialization. With appropriate @entity1 selection, the minimally invasive retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is feasible, safe, and effective. It can be preferred to more invasive laparoscopic or open surgical approaches.

title: Pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery management of simple XXXX : 2-year follow-up results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal cysts']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enteral feeding (tube feeding) is offered to many @entity1 with @entity746 / @entity4681 experiencing @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) and maintaining adequate nutritional intake leading to weight loss. OBJECTIVES: To examine the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement or other tube feeding placement on:  (1) survival;(2) nutritional status;  (3) quality of life;(4) minor and major complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity4094 Group Trials Register (24 November 2009), MEDLINE (from January 1966 to September 2009), and EMBASE (from January 1980 to September 2009) for all papers on enteral tube feeding in @entity746 / @entity4681 . The results were screened to identify randomised controlled trials and to identify non-randomized studies that might be worthy of review and discussion. We checked references in published articles and enlisted personal communications to identify any additional references.   SELECTION CRITERIA: A priori selection criteria included randomised and quasi-randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or other feeding tube placement. Since no such trials were discovered, all prospective and retrospective controlled studies were reviewed in the 'Background' or 'Discussion' sections of the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We independently assessed study design and extracted data. We considered the following outcomes: (1) survival rate in months (of primary interest), (2) nutritional status measured by weight change, change in body mass index, or other quantitative index of nutritional status, (3) self-perceived quality of life and (4) safety of the procedure as indicated by minor and major complications of surgical or radiological guided @entity970 tube insertion.   MAIN RESULTS: We found no randomised controlled trials comparing the efficacy of enteral tube feeding with those @entity1 who continued to eat orally, without enteral feeding. We summarized the results of retrospective and prospective studies in the 'Discussion' section. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There are no randomised controlled trials to indicate whether enteral tube feeding is beneficial compared to continuation of oral feeding for any of the outcome measures. The 'best' evidence to date suggests a survival advantage for some @entity1 with @entity746 / @entity4681 , but these conclusions are tentative. Evidence for improved nutrition is also incomplete but tentatively favorable.   Quality of life has been addressed in studies and needs more attention. Based on a number of recent non-randomized studies comparing surgical and radiographic approaches to feeding tube insertion these two procedures for @entity970 tube insertion appear to be equivalent.

title: Enteral tube feeding for XXXX / @entity4681 .

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular Disease']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty swallowing', 'dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity746 :: (MESH:D000690,Disease) :: ['amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of the pathological anatomy and blood supply model of massive @entity1653 (MTSM) and explore its corresponding microneurosurgical strategies. METHODS: The clinical data of 16 MTSM @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively. From January 1998 to January 2010, according to their unique pathological anatomy and blood supply model, all @entity1 underwent microneurosurgical removal with induced @entity551 through @entity5 corridor by the bi-subfrontal anterior longitudinal fission (n = 14), right frontolateral approach (n = 1) and pterional approach (n = 1). There were 5 males and 11 females with a mean age of 48.5 years old (range: 26 - 65). But the mean follow-up period was 74.9 months (range: 4 - 132) in 2/4 cases. RESULTS: Among all cases, the mean @entity5 diameter was 58.9 mm (range: 51.1 - 76.2 mm). Simpson grade I, II, III, IV removal of MTSMs were accomplished in 3, 9, 3 and 1 case respectively. One case died within 4 postoperative days. Visual acuity improved in 10 @entity1 , remained unchanged in 2 and deteriorated in 2. Transient @entity2010 occurred in 9 cases. CONCLUSION: It is critical to understand the unique characteristics of pathological anatomy and blood supply model of MTSM so as to adopt proper microneurosurgical strategies to remove it in situ.

title: [Microneurosurgical treatment of massive XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative diabetes insipidus']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']


abstract: Forty-eight individually fed crossbred steers (initial BW = 381    7.61 kg) were used to determine the effects of @entity653 ( @entity4022 ) concentration in steam-flaked @entity4336 (SFC)-based diets with added yellow grease on animal performance and carcass characteristics. @entity653 was included at 0, 2.5, 5, and 10% dietary @entity3918 replacing SFC. A completely randomized design was used with steers as the experimental unit, and the model included the fixed effects of diet. Contrast statements were used to determine linear and quadratic effects of @entity4022 inclusion. Final BW and DMI were not affected ( > 0.27) by @entity4022 concentration. Average daily gain and G:F based on live BW did not differ as @entity4022 level increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of @entity3918 ( > 0.33). Carcass-adjusted final BW and carcass-adjusted G:F were also not affected by @entity4022 concentration ( > 0.22); however, carcass-adjusted ADG tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 inclusion and increasing thereafter ( = 0.10). Calculated dietary NE and NE did not differ as @entity4022 increased in the diet ( > 0.37). Hot carcass weight tended to respond quadratically, decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 and increasing thereafter ( = 0.10). Likewise, dressing percentage tended to respond quadratically by decreasing from 2.5 to 5% @entity4022 inclusion and increasing to 10% @entity4022 inclusion ( = 0.09). Fat thickness decreased linearly as @entity4022 inclusion increased in the diet ( < 0.01); however, no differences were detected in marbling score and LM area ( > 0.21). Calculated yield grade (YG) decreased linearly as @entity4022 increased in the diet from 0 to 10% of @entity3918 ( = 0.04). Based on our results, there was no animal performance benefit for replacing SFC with @entity4022 in diets containing yellow grease, and the only change in carcass merit was a slight improvement in YG.

title: Effects of XXXX concentration in steam-flaked @entity4336 -based diets with supplemental yellow grease on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing beef steers.

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycerin', 'glycerin']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['glycerin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: What is the relationship between @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) of @entity4480 , adherence to therapy, and healthcare costs among @entity1 with @entity239 ? METHODS: Employing a retrospective cohort design, this study assessed administrative claims data for commercially-insured @entity239 @entity1 who initiated @entity4480 in 2006. Initiation was defined as a 90-day clean period without access to @entity4480 . Five study cohorts were constructed based on the @entity2794 of @entity4480 , calculated from all prescriptions dispensed over the 12-month follow-up period: <30   mg, 30   mg, 31-59   mg, 60   mg, and >60   mg ( @entity4480 starting dose: 30   mg/day; target dose: 60   mg/day). Medication possession ration (MPR) was used to assess @entity4480 adherence, with MPR >= 0.8 as 'high' adherence. Multivariate regressions were applied to examine the association between @entity2794 , @entity4480 adherence, and healthcare costs (total, inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy), adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between cohorts. RESULTS: Of the 4869 @entity1 with @entity239 , 3% had an @entity2794 of <30   mg, 12% had 30   mg, 21% had 31-59   mg, 46% had 60   mg, and 18% had >60   mg. High adherence to @entity4480 ranged from 16% to 41% across cohorts. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, @entity1 with an @entity2794 of 31-59   mg or >60   mg were more likely to adhere to @entity4480 therapy than those in the 60   mg cohort, while @entity1 in the <30   mg cohort were less likely to adhere to @entity4480 (all p   <   0.05). Total costs were significantly higher for individuals in the 31-59   mg or >60   mg @entity2794 cohorts ( 1834 and  5766) than those maintaining an @entity2794 of 60   mg, as were outpatient ( 1167 and  2275) and pharmacy costs ( 502 and  2983) (all p   <   0.05). @entity1 with an @entity2794 of 30   mg had significantly lower total (- 1770), inpatient (- 1524), and pharmacy (- 827) costs (all p   <   0.05) than those with an @entity2794 of 60   mg. LIMITATIONS: This study is subject to selection bias because some confounders might be unobserved in the administrative claims database. Indirect costs or over-the-counter medication costs were also not available. CONCLUSIONS: @entity239 @entity1 with an @entity2794 of 60   mg of @entity4480 had better adherence than @entity1 with an @entity2794  <=30   mg. @entity4480 @entity1 with an @entity2794 of 30   mg (31-59 or >60   mg) had significantly lower (higher) healthcare costs than those maintaining an @entity2794 of 60   mg.

title: Average daily dose, medication adherence, and healthcare costs among commercially-insured @entity1 with @entity239 treated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['ADD', 'average daily dose']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine', 'Duloxetine']

answer: @entity4480 :: (MESH:C058218,Chemical) :: ['duloxetine']


abstract: @entity58295 (Dha/ @entity58295 ) is a homeodomain protein containing an Engrailed homology (Eh) 1 repressor motif. It is important in @entity3392 dorsal organizer formation. Dha/ @entity58295 interacted with a co-repressor Groucho through the Eh1 motif. Expression of a Dha/ @entity58295 fused to the transcriptional activator @entity2879 repressed dorsal axis formation and the expression of organizer genes but led to the dorsal expansion of expression of the homeobox gene vox/ @entity72217 , indicating that Dha/ @entity58295 functions as a transcriptional repressor for dorsal axis formation. We also isolated a novel homeobox gene, ved, whose expression was negatively regulated by dha/ @entity58295 . ved's sequence and expression profile were similar to those of vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 . Like Vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , Ved acted as a transcriptional repressor. The combined inhibition of ved, vox/ @entity72217 , and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , by antisense morpholino injection, strongly dorsalized the embryos and elicited ventral expansion of organizer gene expression, compared with the effect of inhibiting each of these genes alone. These results suggest that ved is a target for the repressor Dha/ @entity58295 . Ved functions redundantly with vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 to restrict the organizer domain.

title: A novel repressor-type homeobox gene, ved, is involved in @entity58295 / XXXX -mediated dorsal organizer formation in @entity3392 .

answer: @entity58295 :: (30170(Tax:7955),Gene) :: ['bozozok']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to update the long-term outcome in the treatment of locally advanced @entity189 ( @entity189 ) after radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) regarding the role of adjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical data from 138 @entity1 who underwent RNU for locally advanced @entity189 (pT3/4 or pN+) were analyzed. RESULTS: The adjuvant chemotherapy group comprised 66 @entity1 , and other 72 @entity1 did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. @entity900 -based chemotherapy was the most common regimen, depending on the @entity1 's eligibility and renal function. The median follow-up period was 48.7 months (interquartile range: 29.2-96.9 months). The 3-and 5-year @entity66 ( @entity66 ) rates were 76.0% and 69.9% for the non- -adjuvant chemotherapy group versus 74.6% and 54.5% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p=0.301, log-rank test). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) rates for the same time period were 70.1% and 62.9% for the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group versus 73.8% and 53.2% for the adjuvant chemotherapy group (p=0.931, log-rank test). On multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy could not predict @entity66 and @entity1349 after surgery. When @entity1 who received @entity900 -based adjuvant chemotherapy (n=59) were compared to those who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy, similar results were found. CONCLUSIONS: There does not appear to be a significant @entity66 or @entity1349 benefit associated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Prospective randomized clinical trials are necessary to verify the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on locally advanced @entity189 .

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced XXXX : updated results of the Seoul National University Hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DSS', 'disease-specific survival']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma', 'UTUC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['upper tract urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: Hundred and ten liver biopsy specimens from various parts of the world were examined for episomal and integrated @entity97 -DNA sequences. In 54 @entity1 with HBsAg chronic @entity409 episomal @entity97 -DNA was found in 83% of HBeAg-positive @entity1 , compared to only 22% of patients with anti-HBe. Furthermore episomal @entity97 -DNA in the latter predominated among the Asians. Integrated @entity97 -DNA was found only in 5.5% of HBeAg-positive @entity1 but in 16.5% of patients with anti-HBe. In 28 HBsAg-positive @entity1 with @entity157 , episomal @entity97 -DNA was found in 50% of HBeAg-positive @entity1 but in only 11% of anti-HBe @entity1 . Conversely integrated sequences were less common (25%) in HBe-Ag-positive @entity1 than in anti-HBe @entity1 (50%), giving an overall incidence of integration in this group of 45%. No episomal, and only one case of integrated sequences of @entity97 -DNA, could be detected among 10 @entity1 with @entity157 . In addition neither episomal nor integrated @entity97 -DNA could be detected in 18 @entity1 with non- @entity97 -related @entity409 . Our data suggests that stable integration of @entity97 -DNA into the host's genome is not necessarily a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation but may be necessary for its initiation. Alternatively, the detection of integrated @entity97 -DNA may represent a 'snap shot' of a random integration event amplified by clonal expansion promoted by other factors.

title: Integration of XXXX -DNA may not be a prerequisite for the maintenance of the state of malignant transformation. An analysis of 110 liver biopsies.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma', 'HBsAg-negative hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

answer: @entity97 :: (10407,Species) :: ['HBV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Most studies on the prevalence of @entity566 to the permanent hair dye chemical @entity7227 ( @entity10155 ) are reported from populations of @entity484 @entity1 attending patch-test clinics, and are assumed to be much higher than in the normal population. No data exist on incidence of senitization to PPD resulting from the use of commercial hair dye preparations over a defined time period. METHOD: A total of 2545 healthy adult volunteers (Bangkok) were screened for @entity566 through standard patch testing. Volunteers not allergic to PPD were then recruited into two groups: one group applying a commercial hair dye brand as instructed on a monthly basis for 6 months (n=548) and the other group (controls) (n=516) was instructed not to dye their hair for 6 months. Sensitization to PPD resulting from the use of hair dye over this period was then detected by repeat patch testing. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity566 in a normal adult population was 2.7% (m=2.4%, f=3.2%). Projected to the adult Thai population, at least 1,000,000 Thai individuals could be allergic to PPD. The incidence of sensitization through the monthly application of standard commercial hair dye preparations over a 6-month period was 1.3%, substantially higher than in controls (0.4%), although numbers were small and not statistically significant. INTERPRETATION: There is a higher prevalence of hair dye @entity566 among the normal population than previously thought. The incidence of new cases of @entity566 would indicate that current regulations and practice of hair dye exposure lead to PPD sensitization and @entity566 , which is a public health problem.

title: A general population from Thailand: incidence of common allergens with emphasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'PPD allergy']

entities_list: @entity7227 :: ('MESH:C029728', 'Chemical') :: ['para-phenylenediamine']

answer: @entity7227 :: (MESH:C029728,Chemical) :: ['para-phenylenediamine']