abstract: INTRODUCTION: To report the characteristics and anti- @entity322 outcomes of @entity1 who fail to demonstrate @entity322 on intubated urodynamics (UDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, the records of @entity1 who underwent UDS prior to artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) were reviewed. The histories, UDS, endoscopies, and anti- @entity322 outcomes of @entity1 who failed to demonstrate @entity322 on intubated UDS were recorded. In our UDS protocol, the urodynamic urethral catheter was removed and the UDS was repeated to elicit @entity322 without the urethral catheter. The valsalva leak point pressure (VLPP) was obtained via the rectal catheter in these @entity1 . RESULTS: All @entity1 were status post radical prostatectomy for @entity263 . Nineteen percent (32) of the study population (169) had non-demonstrable @entity322 on intubated UDS. Mean age at the time of UDS was 62 (range 48-81). All @entity1 demonstrated @entity322 on UDS upon removal of the urethral catheter. Their mean VLPP was 79.3 (SD 36.7). Fifty-six percent (18) of these @entity1 had an @entity850 ( @entity850 ) and 37.5% (12) had a history of radiotherapy treatment, of which six also had an @entity850 . Mean pads per day at the time of UDS was 4.6 (SD 2.9). At a mean follow up of 40.7 months (SD 24.7) from AUS placement, mean pads per day was 0.87 (SD 1.2). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who fail to demonstrate @entity322 on intubated UDS have a high rate of @entity850 and history of radiotherapy treatment, which is a known cause for urethra @entity82 and @entity2318 . Regardless, these @entity1 can achieve excellent anti- @entity322 outcomes.

title: Characteristics and outcomes of XXXX who fail to leak on intubated urodynamics prior to artificial urinary sphincter placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stricture', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Most physicians believe that @entity1 who have @entity221 within 24 hours of the planned date of discharge should be kept in the hospital until the @entity221 resolves. A search of the literature revealed very few articles addressing this topic. The object of this study was to review a number of @entity1 discharges from the surgical service and to document the presence or absence of @entity221 within 24 hours of the time of discharge. The primary end point of the study was to determine the rate of readmission for both @entity1 discharged with @entity221 and those discharged without @entity221 . Secondary end points were to determine whether the readmission was related to the original discharge diagnosis or the presence of @entity221 at the time of discharge. The records of all adult @entity1 with a hospital length of stay of > or = 5 days discharged from the surgical and gynecology services from April through July of 2007 were reviewed. Deaths were excluded. The following data elements were recorded: primary discharge diagnosis; age; highest recorded temperature within 24 hours of discharge; date time and cause of readmission within 30 days; and outcome. Fever was defined as a temperature of > or = 100 degrees F. Data were entered into an Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) spreadsheet, and statistical analysis was performed using chi2 and Fisher's exact tests using Primer of Biostatistics (McGraw-Hill, New York, NY). The records of 300 consecutive @entity1 were reviewed. Follow-up was available for 86.7 per cent of the @entity1 , 84.4 per cent of the febrile @entity1 , and 87.1 per cent of the nonfebrile @entity1 . A @entity221 of > or = 100 degrees within 24 hours of discharge was noted in 45 (15.0%) @entity1 . The mean @entity221 was 100.5 degrees, with a range of 100 degrees to 102.1 degrees. There were 38 readmissions. Of the 45 @entity1 with @entity221 , seven (15.6%) were readmitted. Of those seven, four readmissions were related to the previous admitting diagnosis. Of the @entity1 who were discharged without @entity221 , 31 (12.2%) were readmitted with 24 of those readmissions for diagnoses related to the first admission. The rate of readmission for @entity221 and nonfever @entity1 was not statistically significantly different (P = 0.697). Similarly, the rate of related versus nonrelated diagnoses in both the @entity221 and nonfever groups was not statistically significantly different (P = 0.351). The presence or absence of @entity221 within 24 hours of @entity1 discharge seems to have no impact on the rate of readmission within 30 days.

title: Does XXXX at the time of discharge have any impact on the incidence of readmission?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and recanalization efficacy of local IA rt-PA delivery in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with acute @entity385 were treated; of these, 10 were carotid @entity64 , 5 were vertebrobasilar territory @entity64 cases. The neurological status of the @entity1 were graded according to the Glascow @entity772 Scale and National Institutes of @entity64 Scale. All @entity1 underwent a CT examination on admission. In addition, 4 @entity1 had diffusion-weighted and one @entity1 had a perfusion MR examination. @entity1 of carotid territory @entity64 were treated within 6 hours from the @entity64 onset. There was no time limitation for the basilar artery territory. The Rankin Scale (RS) was used as outcome measures. RESULTS: Two of the 10 @entity1 with carotid @entity64 had carotid territory occlusions, 8 had middle cerebral artery main trunk occlusions. Four @entity1 had symptomatic @entity548 ; of these, 3 died within 24 hours. At the third month 4 @entity1 had a good outcome. Of 5 @entity1 with basilar @entity64 , 4 had basilar @entity432 . In one @entity1 , the basilar artery was open but the flow of the contrast material was very slow. Two @entity1 with unsuccessful recanalization due to underlying high grade @entity731 and one @entity1 with successful recanalization died. At the third month, the other @entity1 with succesful recanalization had a poor outcome (RS 4). The @entity1 with slow basilar artery flow developed from RS 5 to @entity62890 and was discharged without any @entity51 . CONCLUSION: In acute @entity385 , local IA thrombolysis is a safe and feasible treatment when the right @entity1 is selected. @entity548 does not exceed that which occurs in the natural history of the disease and with other treatment methods.

title: [Intraarterial thrombolysis in the treatment of acute XXXX : Technical and clinical results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Heart Stroke', 'artery stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to review the long-term outcomes of @entity1 with @entity174 treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 54 @entity1 with 55 @entity30844 , A3, C1, or C2 @entity174 treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. The average age of the @entity1 was 57 years. All @entity1 returned for follow-up examination at an average of 59 months, with a minimum of 22 months. Measurements included active range of motion, grip strength, @entity158 assessment, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, and final radiographic assessment. The paired t-test was used to determine significant differences. RESULTS: All @entity174 healed within 6 weeks. Active range of motion and grip strength of the injured wrist were statistically equal to those of the uninjured wrist for each of the parameters except wrist flexion and forearm supination. However, the difference in wrist flexion was 5 degrees and the difference in supination was 4 degrees , both of which are of little clinical importance. Eighty-five percent of @entity1 were @entity158 free. Radiographic parameters comparing the immediate postoperative view with the views taken at final follow-up showed no significant differences. One @entity1 required reoperation for loss of reduction after a fall in the preoperative period, and 3 others had minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for @entity174 had excellent range of motion, normal Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores, and no significant differences in the radiographic parameters between @entity174 fixation and @entity174 healing. Complications were few. Pinning is an efficacious, low-cost treatment option for 2- and 3-part @entity174 with excellent long-term results. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Long-term outcomes of closed reduction and percutaneous pinning for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of the femtosecond laser-assisted @entity231 surgery (FLACS) in our first 300 cases. METHODS: In this retrospective study, the study group comprised 300 cases (300 eyes) in which FLACS was done. The control group comprised 300 cases (300 eyes) in which phacoemulsification was performed. The steps of the FLACS included capsulotomy, @entity1949 , @entity2687 , and creation of incisions within the peripheral cornea to aid the correction of pre-existing @entity940 . After the FLACS, 2.2-mm coaxial micro-incision phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens were operated. The preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), the cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) of the phacoemulsification, and the parameters of the FLACS, including the docking time, the suction time and the laser time, were recorded. The complications of the FLACS were analyzed. RESULTS: The FLACS was successfully completed in 99.33% of the cases. The docking time was (24.6    16.8) sec, the suction time was (101.27    20.09) sec, and the laser time was (23.3    5.5) sec. The most common complications of the FLACS included suction break (7/300, 2.33%), @entity548 (58/300, 19.33%), pupillary constriction (47/300, 15.67%), incision at a wrong site (13/300, 4.33%), anterior capsular tag (17/300, 5.67%), decentration of the capsulorhexis (11/300, 3.67%), failure to split the lens nucleus (5/300, 1.67%), and posterior capsular @entity397 (1/300, 0.33%). The CDE was 5.52    5.18 in the FLACS group and 8.37    7.91 in the traditional phaco group (P < 0.05). The UCVA was 0.12    0.08 and 0.13    0.11 at 1 month after the FLACS and traditional phaco, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the conventional phacoemulsification surgery, the FLACS can achieve less CDE and better early postoperative visual acuity. Long-term effects remain to be investigated.

title: [Preliminary evaluation of the femtosecond laser-assisted XXXX surgery in 300 cases].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['lens fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal incisions']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: @entity1653 are common @entity5 with accepted treatment approaches and usually don't challenge healthcare specialists. We present a case of a huge unresectable @entity10413 , which was successfully treated with hypofractionated @entity7841 . A male @entity1 , sixty-two years of age, suffered for over 12 years from @entity10 , @entity154 , @entity735 , right eye movement restriction, right-sided ptosis, and @entity1183 . MRI and CT studies revealed an extended @entity10413 . Prior to @entity7841 , the @entity1 underwent four operations. Eventually, the @entity5 was irradiated with the CyberKnife in August 2009. @entity5 volume composed 1085 cc. The mean dose of 35.3 Gy was delivered in 7 fractions (31.5 Gy at 72% isodose line comprising 95% of @entity5 volume). The @entity1 was followed during six years and experienced only mild (Grade 1-2 CTCAE) acute skin  and mucosa reactions. During the follow-up period, we observed target volume shrinkage for 17% (for 26% after excluding @entity4916 ) and regression of @entity428 signs. Due to the extreme volume and complex shape of the @entity5 , spreading along the surface of the hemisphere as well as an optic nerve involvement, the case presented would not be generally  considered suitable for @entity7841 , especially for hypofractionation. We regard this clinical situation not as a treatment recommendation, but as a demonstration of the underestimated possibilities of hypofractionation regimen and CyberKnife system, both of which are limited with our habit of conventional treatments.

title: Successful CyberKnife Irradiation of 1000 cc Hemicranial XXXX : 6-year Follow-up.

entities_list: @entity7841 :: ('MESH:D012793', 'Disease') :: ['irradiation']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['facial deformity']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity4916 :: ('MESH:D015576', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostosis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity10413 :: ('MESH:D000757', 'Disease') :: ['hemicranial meningioma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['right eye displacement']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['Meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['Meningioma']


abstract: An extracellular protease was purified from Pseudomonas thermaerum @entity23593 a new strain identified by morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing. It was isolated from soil of Poultry waste site at Ghazipur near Ghaziabad, Delhi. The strain produces extra cellular protease in the culture media that was maintained at 37  C, 140 rpm. The media was harvested for protease after 48 hrs of incubation at 37  C in basal media supplemented with 1% casein. We report 6.08 fold purification of enzyme following @entity4859 precipitation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approximately 43,000 daltons as shown by casein zymography studies. The optimum pH for the proteolytic activity was pH 8.0 and enzyme remained stable between pH 5 -11 at 60  C. Interestingly @entity3281 (5mM) activated enzyme activity by 5 fold, while @entity8863 , @entity1025 and @entity141 moderately activated enzyme activity, where as @entity8862 , @entity8798 and @entity10694 inhibited enzyme activity. The protease produced was stable in presence of 50 % (v/v) @entity1046 and @entity1324 . @entity5723 , @entity1042 and @entity7935 increased protease activity by 2.7, 1.3 and 1.1 fold respectively but was inhibited in presence of @entity653 and @entity3733 . This organic solvent-stable protease could be used as a biocatalyst for enzymatic peptide synthesis.

title: Purification of Protease from Pseudomonas thermaerum XXXX Isolated from Poultry Waste Site.

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylacetate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['Isopropanol']

answer: @entity23593 :: (27327,Gene) :: ['GW1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the protective effects of @entity71844 ( @entity30765 ) on the Ab(25-35)-induced apoptosis in PC-12 cells. METHODS: The apoptosis of PC-12 cell was analyzed by @entity98 assay, transmission electron microscope and PI method at different concentrations of @entity30765 (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100   mol/L) with the addition of Ab or not. The expressions of @entity1976 and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: As demonstrated by the @entity98 assay, the values of cell viability were 76.5%    1.1%, 84.2%    1.3%, 89.5%    1.3% and 81.9%    1.9% at various concentration (0.1, 1.0, 10, 100   mol/L) of @entity30765 respectively. The model group was 71.7%    1.4%. It was revealed that the former could significantly prevent the cell viability under the induction of Ab(25-35) (P < 0.05). A pretreatment with 10   mol/L @entity30765 could significantly inhibit the decrease of viability under the induction of Ab(25-35) (P < 0.05). PI showed that the apoptosis rate of the 10   mol/L @entity30765 treatment group was significantly lower than that of the model group. Under electron microscope, the characteristics of cell apoptosis were significant in the model group. And the cell morphology of the 10   mol/L @entity30765 treatment group was normal. The expression rate of @entity1976 protein in the 10   mol/L @entity30765 treatment group was obviously higher than that in the model group. @entity19 was weakly expressed in nerve cells of the normal and the 10   mol/L @entity30765 groups. But it had a strong expression in the model group. CONCLUSION: @entity30765 prevents the injury of PC12 cells by Ab. And the mechanism may be related to the elevated level of @entity1976 and the inhibited mitochondrial release of Cyt-C.

title: [Effects of XXXX on the apoptosis of PC-12 cells under the induction of b-amyloid peptide].

entities_list: @entity71844 :: ('MESH:C027125', 'Chemical') :: ['butylphthalide']

answer: @entity71844 :: (MESH:C027125,Chemical) :: ['butylphthalide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: As part of new drug development initiatives in Thailand, a new tablet formulation of @entity8185 ( @entity4601 , an antimalarial drug) has been developed. Our previous bioequivalence study indicated that the new and reference @entity4601 formulations were well tolerated; however, a significant decrease in hemoglobin was detected after a single 200-mg oral dose. To explore further, a clinical study with an emphasis on hematological parameters was conducted. METHODS: A single-center, randomized, single-blind, cross-over clinical study was conducted in 18 healthy volunteers with a dosage of 300 mg daily for 2 days. @entity506 was used as a comparator. Adverse events were monitored and laboratory parameters on study Days 0, 2, 5, and 7 post drug administrations were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighteen volunteers completed both rounds of the study. Both drugs were well tolerated. All adverse events were mild. Significant decrease in hemoglobin compared to baseline was detected for both drugs 7 days after administration ( @entity4601 : 0.48 g/dl, p = 0.007; artesunate 0.38 g/dl, p = 0.001). Transient @entity236 was evidenced by reduction of reticulocytes with a lowest number on study Day 5 (artesunate 75% reduction in reticulocyte count; @entity4601 47%, p < 0.001 for both drugs compared to baseline). CONCLUSION: The present study confirmed our previous finding on significant decrease in hemoglobin. Artesunate appeared to have more negative effects on the numbers of reticulocytes and white blood cells than @entity4601 . Systemic laboratory and @entity137 profiles presented in this study may be used as a framework for future clinical studies of @entity507 and its derivatives.

title: Comparative study of @entity8185 and XXXX safety in healthy Thai volunteers.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8185 :: ('MESH:C039060', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydroartemisinin']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['Artesunate']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity506 :: (MESH:C039726,Chemical) :: ['artesunate']


abstract: The aim of this study was to clarify the differences in the pathogenesis of @entity16 between myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (MPO-ANCA)-positive and -negative @entity1 with @entity12534 ( @entity12534 ). Eight MPO-ANCA-positive and 14 MPO-ANCA-negative @entity1 were included. In addition to the standard histology, nerve biopsies were examined, employing immunohistochemistry for @entity28068 and electron microscopy. The groups did not differ significantly in clinical profiles, including the peak disability score and number of blood eosinophils. In nerve biopsies, @entity1333 was found in 63% (5/8) of the ANCA-positive and 21% (3/14) of the ANCA-negative @entity1 . Fibrinoid @entity39 of vessel walls was noted in 4 ANCA-positive @entity1 (50%), and in one ANCA-negative @entity1 (p = 0039). In contrast, a large number of eosinophilic infiltrations in the epineurium was shown in 36% (5/14) of the ANCA-negative @entity1 , with no eosinophilic infiltrations shown in ANCA-positive @entity1 . In 3 ANCA-negative @entity1 , endoneurial eosinophils were seen where focal axonal loss and @entity384 were occasionally noted. There may be 2 pathogenetic mechanisms of @entity16 with @entity12534 : ANCA-related vascular fibrinoid @entity39 , and a toxic eosinophilic effect on nerve fibers which is independent of ANCA. Therapy targeting activated eosinophils may be a possible treatment for intractable @entity16 of @entity12534 .

title: Two subtypes of XXXX with @entity16 : the roles of eosinophils and ANCA.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity12534 :: ('MESH:D015267', 'Disease') :: ['CSS', 'Churg-Strauss syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['capillary dilatation']

entities_list: @entity28068 :: ('5553', 'Gene') :: ['eosinophil major basic protein']

answer: @entity12534 :: (MESH:D015267,Disease) :: ['Churg-Strauss syndrome']


abstract: We previously identified the @entity19 @entity72624 ( @entity72624 ; related to testes-specific, vespid, and pathogenesis proteins) gene as a direct target of @entity899 with proapoptotic activities in various @entity5 cell lines, including @entity263 . To test the therapeutic potential of @entity72624 we constructed an adenoviral vector capable of efficient transduction and expression of @entity72624 (AdmRTVP-1) and used this vector in an orthotopic, metastatic @entity19 model of @entity263 . A single intratumoral administration of AdmRTVP-1 gene therapy significantly reduced @entity5 wet weight compared with control Adbetagal-injected @entity5 at two time points after injection with two different vector doses (p < or = 0.01 at 7 and 14 days). Spontaneous @entity3 to lung was also significantly reduced (p < or = 0.02). Evaluation of treated @entity5 revealed increased apoptosis and lower microvessel density counts. In a @entity35 aortic ring sprouting assay, AdmRTVP-1 inhibited endothelial cell sprouting compared with Adbetagal, confirming its antiangiogenic activity. These therapeutic activities were associated with a significant increase in survival from 22.9 to 26.8 days (p = 0.003) in this @entity263 . Interestingly, there were significant increases in the infiltration of @entity5 -associated macrophages, dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells, which persisted at 14 days posttreatment in the AdmRTVP-1-treated @entity5 compared with @entity5 . In addition, significantly increased natural killer and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activities were demonstrated in the @entity19 with AdmRTVP-1-treated @entity5 . The unique therapeutic properties of AdmRTVP-1 gene therapy demonstrated in this study provide new opportunities for gene and immunotherapy of @entity263 and potentially other @entity5 .

title: Adenoviral vector-mediated XXXX gene therapy for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive model of prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Adbetagal control-treated tumors', 'cancer', 'primary tumor', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity72624 :: (73690(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mRTVP-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a translated Italian version of the @entity239 Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). METHODS: The Italian version of the FIQ was administered to 50 @entity1 affected by @entity239 ( @entity239 ) (48 @entity1 filled out the questionnaire again 10 days later) together with the Italian version of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-36 (SF-36), and a @entity925 ( @entity925 ) obtained by summing the score (0-3) of each tender point tested by thumb palpation. All @entity1 were asked about the severity of @entity158 today (10 cm visual analog scale) and the duration of symptoms. Test-retest reliability was assessed using Spearman correlations. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach's alpha of reliability. Construct validity of the FIQ was evaluated by correlations between the HAQ and subscales of the SF-36 as well as the @entity925 . RESULTS: The mean duration of symptoms was 6.5 years and the mean age of the @entity1 was 57.4 years. Test-retest reliability was between 0.74 and 0.95 for physical functioning as well as for the total FIQ and other components. Internal consistency was 0.90 for the overall FIQ. Significant correlations were obtained between the FIQ items, the HAQ and the SF-36. CONCLUSIONS: The Italian FIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for detecting and measuring functional disability and health status in Italian @entity1 with @entity239 .

title: Validation of an Italian version of the XXXX Impact Questionnaire (FIQ-I).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tender point count', 'TPC']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['Fibromyalgia']


abstract: @entity7014 is a common @entity281 , and many of its symptoms are similar to those of @entity30 . Despite a long discussion on the role of microbiologic agents in @entity30 , @entity7014 has never been investigated. We studied @entity7014 as assessed by the occurrence of cysts in 86 @entity1 with @entity30 , in 82 @entity1 with other @entity344 , and in 52 @entity1 without @entity344 . In addition, in 20 @entity1 with @entity30 the effects of @entity868 on @entity7014 and disease activity were studied. Frequency of @entity7014 was 61.6% in @entity1 with @entity30 , 31.7% in @entity1 with other @entity344 , and 5.8% in the control group (p less than 0.01). Stool frequency, disease activity, and humoral signs of @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity30 showed no relationship to @entity7014 . All but two @entity1 treated with @entity868 became free of cysts. @entity30 activity index decreased in 14 of 20 @entity1 (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, @entity7014 is a common finding in @entity1 with @entity30 . Treatment of @entity7014 can, in individual cases of @entity30 , result in a quick recovery from symptoms of high disease activity.

title: @entity30 is frequently complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['Giardiasis', 'giardiasis']

answer: @entity7014 :: (MESH:D005873,Disease) :: ['giardiasis']


abstract: Monocyte infiltration and activation of the coagulation system have been implicated in the pathophysiology of @entity631 . In this study, spontaneous procoagulant activity (PCA) was measured in circulating mononuclear cells to determine whether elevated PCA correlated with the presence of proliferative @entity631 in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ). No increase in PCA was found in 20 @entity1 with @entity454 , 8 @entity1 with @entity631 without @entity1252 , and 10 @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgical or orthopedic procedures as compared with 20 normal controls. In eight @entity1 with @entity1252 but with no apparent @entity8 , PCA was not elevated above normal basal levels. Seven additional @entity1 with @entity1252 who had only mesangial proliferation on biopsy also had no increase in PCA. In contrast, eight @entity1 with focal or diffuse proliferative @entity1988 , and one @entity1 with @entity1310 who ultimately developed a @entity75 , had a marked increase in PCA with greater than 100 times the base-line levels. The activity was shown to originate in the monocyte fraction of the mononuclear cells and was shown to be capable of cleaving prothrombin directly. The prothrombinase activity was not @entity6236 , because it was not neutralized by anti-Factor X serum and was not inhibited by an established panel of @entity6236 inhibitors. Monocyte plasminogen activator determinations did not correlate with @entity8 activity. We conclude that monocyte procoagulant activity, a direct prothrombinase, seems to correlate with endocapillary proliferation in @entity1988 and could be a mediator of tissue injury.

title: Monocyte procoagulant activity in XXXX associated with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['active renal disease', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephritis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative lesion']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity2879 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity1138 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13770 . Fourteen @entity1 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity1 were 25% (5/20) for @entity420 , 0% (0/4) for @entity957 , 0% (0/3) for @entity152 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity1 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity1 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity1 , 4 months for pretreated @entity1 and 6 months for all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity957 (4 months) and @entity152 (3 months). @entity137 consisted of @entity1431 (74%), @entity417 (74%), @entity1209 (55%) and @entity1665 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity2879 , XXXX , and @entity786 in advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea or vomiting']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: A report is given on long-term results after the removal of spinal mengiomas and @entity808 . A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity1653 and 80 @entity1 with spinal @entity808 were operated on within a period of 25 years at the Neurosurgical Clinic in the Division Medicine of the Karl-Marx-University Leipzig. The primary results of the operations are secertained by a comparison of the preand portoperative ability to walk. Improvements were found in one third of all @entity1 after @entity1653 operations and in more than ten per cent of the @entity1 after removal of a @entity808 . The long-term rests were ascertained by means of questioning all @entity1 that could be contracted after 2 to 25 years, sending them a questionaire in the form of a reply card. The number of @entity1 who had become able to walk had doubles as compared with the condition before the operation: 56 per cent of all @entity1 after @entity1653 operations and 64 per cent of all @entity1 after removal of a spinal @entity808 . The long-term results have not been mainly influenced by the age of the @entity1 and by the duration of the anamnesis. The greatest threat for @entity1 with @entity5 are the misjudging of the disease and a certain loss of time when @entity912 was threatening. The prognosis in operations for relapses was considerably worse. So radical surgery in the first intervention must be attached the greatest importance. A tendency to infiltrations in case of @entity1653 , especially in juvenile @entity1 , and the overlooking of the smallest parts of extradural @entity5 in case of @entity2950 are frequent causes of the development of relapses and should be taken into account when carrying out the first ingervention.

title: [Follow-up study of XXXX of the spine].

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['neurinoma', 'neurinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'benign spinal tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['benign tumors']


abstract: @entity213 ( @entity213 ) is an aggressive @entity5 in which the early diagnosis of @entity75 is known to directly correlate with increased survival. However, only a portion of biopsies showing @entity1141 will progress to @entity5 , and there are no currently accepted criteria for predicting @entity75 will progress. Therefore, diagnostic protocols that can identify the lesions that are likely to become @entity213 are required. RNA was isolated from normal keratinocytes, the immortalized but nontumorigenic HaCat cell line, and the @entity5 cell lines @entity32565 , SCC-9, SCC-25, and OSCC-3. The RNA was then labeled and used to probe nylon microarray filters that contained a total of 9184 genes (5295 named and 3889 Expression Sequence Tags). Genes whose expression demonstrated a 3-fold or greater change were considered significant. Comparison of expression profiles from normal, HaCat, and four @entity5 cell lines revealed changes in gene expression in a total of 508 genes. Of these, 16 genes showed a consistent loss of expression when comparing normal to immortalized keratinocytes. In addition, 10 genes demonstrated a consistent loss of expression in the @entity5 cell lines only. In this latter group of genes, @entity10933 ( @entity10933 ), a gene whose expression has been linked to cell invasion, was additionally investigated. Altered expression of @entity10933 in the different cultured cells was validated via real-time quantitative-PCR. In addition, immunohistochemical evaluation of biopsy samples revealed a high expression of @entity10933 in both normal and @entity7944 with a marked decrease of expression in areas of the biopsies containing @entity213 . These data demonstrate that genomic profiling can then be used to identify potential genotypic/phenotypic biomarkers that may predict which @entity75 are most likely to progress to @entity213 .

title: XXXX : a molecular biomarker for head and neck cancer progression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'epithelial malignancy', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions', 'which lesions', 'dysplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma', 'HNSCC']

entities_list: @entity7944 :: ('MESH:C536309', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic epithelium']

entities_list: @entity10933 :: ('5055', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-2', 'plasminogen activator inhibitor-2']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity10933 :: (5055,Gene) :: ['Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2']


abstract: In recent years prescription of opioids has increased significantly. Although effective in @entity158 management, bothersome gastrointestinal adverse effects are experienced by a substantial proportion of opioid-treated @entity1 . This can lead to difficulties with therapy and subsequently inadequate @entity158 relief. Collectively referred to as opioid-induced @entity29 , these adverse effects are the result of binding of exogenous opioids to opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal tract. This leads to disturbance of three important gastrointestinal functions: motility, coordination of sphincter function and secretion. In the clinic this manifests in a wide range of symptoms such as reflux, bloating, abdominal cramping, hard, dry stools, and incomplete evacuation, although the most known adverse effect is opioid-induced @entity1142 . Traditional treatment with laxatives is often insufficient, but in recent years a number of novel pharmacological approaches have been introduced. In this review the pathophysiology, symptomatology and prevalence of opioid-induced @entity29 is presented along with the benefits and caveats of a suggested consensus definition for opioid-induced @entity1142 . Finally, traditional treatment is appraised and compared with the latest pharmacological developments. In conclusion, opioid antagonists restricted to the periphery show promising results, but use of different definitions and outcome measures complicate comparison. However, an international working group has recently suggested a consensus definition for opioid-induced @entity1142 and relevant outcome measures have also been proposed. If investigators within this field adapt the suggested consensus and include symptoms related to dysfunction of the upper gut, it will ease comparison and be a step forward in future research.

title: Evolving paradigms in the treatment of opioid-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['bowel dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) are rare @entity5 that occur in @entity1 aged between 1 and 24  months. The @entity5 in general has a favorable prognosis after surgical resection. There are no treatment algorithms, however, for @entity1 with multiple intracranial and intraspinal presentations. CASE REPORT: In an 11-month-old @entity1 with a history of nystagmus, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated contrast-enhancing lesions in the suprasellar region, the cerebellar vermis, and the spinal axis. The @entity5 in the cerebellar vermis was removed via a suboccipital midline approach. The histological examination revealed a @entity7668 ( @entity7668 ) WHO grade I. Postoperatively, it was decided to adopt a wait-and-see strategy. Further development, up to 16  months after surgery, was unremarkable. Follow-up MRI showed no recurrence of the @entity6804 , mild progress of the @entity5 , and significant regression of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity7668 is a rare mostly benign @entity1313 found in @entity1 . The final diagnosis always relies on histology. Surgical resection is the recommended therapy for symptomatic @entity5 ; however, more experience is needed to develop treatment recommendations for multiple-site @entity5 .

title: XXXX with multiple intracranial and intraspinal localizations at presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity7668 :: ('MESH:C535945', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma', 'DIA']

entities_list: @entity6804 :: ('MESH:D015192', 'Disease') :: ['posterior fossa tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors', 'suprasellar tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Desmoplastic infantile gliomas', 'DIG']

answer: @entity7668 :: (MESH:C535945,Disease) :: ['Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma']


abstract: Background: Variability of blood pressure (BP) across outpatient visits is frequently dismissed as random fluctuation around a @entity1 's underlying BP. Objective: To examine the association of visit-to-visit variability (VVV) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP with @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and mortality outcomes. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Post hoc analysis of ALLHAT (Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent @entity299 Trial). @entity1 : 25  814 ALLHAT @entity1 . Measurements: The VVV of SBP was defined as the SD across SBP measurements obtained at 7 visits conducted from 6 to 28 months after ALLHAT enrollment. @entity1 without @entity65 events during the first 28 months of follow-up were followed from the 28-month visit through the end of active ALLHAT follow-up. Outcomes included fatal @entity301 ( @entity301 ) or nonfatal @entity583 , all-cause mortality, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Results: During follow-up, 1194 fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI events, 1948 deaths, 606 @entity64 , and 921 @entity712 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, including for mean SBP, the hazard ratio comparing @entity1 in the highest versus lowest quintile of SD of SBP (>= 14.4 mm Hg vs. <6.5 mm Hg) was 1.30 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.59) for fatal @entity301 or nonfatal MI, 1.58 (CI, 1.32 to 1.90) for all-cause mortality, 1.46 (CI, 1.06 to 2.01) for @entity64 , and 1.25 (CI, 0.97 to 1.61) for @entity712 . Higher VVV of diastolic BP was also associated with @entity65 events and mortality. Limitation: Long-term outcomes were not available. Conclusion: Higher VVV of SBP is associated with an increased risk for @entity65 and mortality. Future studies should examine whether reducing VVV of BP lowers this risk. Primary Funding Source: National Institutes of Health.

title: Visit-to-Visit Variability of Blood Pressure and @entity301 , XXXX , @entity712 , and Mortality: A Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Heart Attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prevalence and incidence of @entity432 are influenced by life-style. Coffee consumption was shown with a lower incidence of @entity583 by Framingham Study. Yet, the mechanism is to be elucidated. METHODS: We examined the effects of coffee intake on the progression of occlusive @entity715 formation in @entity19 cremasteric arteries. After 7 days of free intake of pure water, coffee containing water (5 mg/ml), or @entity5834 containing water (0.1 mg/ml), endothelial cell function was locally damaged by @entity24871 . Circulating platelet and leukocytes were rendered fluorescently by @entity19501 . Process of occlusive @entity715 growth was continuously visualized by 3-D imaging system equipped with ultra-fast confocal microscopy, and time to @entity432 was measured in each @entity19 . RESULTS: Platelet accumulation started immediately after @entity24871 exposure in all tested groups. However, arterial occlusion time in taking coffee containing water was significantly longer than those taking pure water. (46.0    17.4 min (n = 5) vs. 12.3    2.6 min (n = 31), p < 0.05) Arterial occlusion time in @entity19 taking @entity5834 (13.8    5.9 min (n = 4)) was not different from those taking pure water. CONCLUSION: Coffee, but not @entity5834 intake, may have preventive effect on arterial occlusive @entity715 formation initiated by functional injury of arterial endothelium.

title: Possible mechanism of preventive effects of coffee intake on the formation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusive thrombosis', 'vascular occlusion']

entities_list: @entity19501 :: ('CHEBI:52672', 'Chemical') :: ['rhodamine 6G']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial occlusive thrombosis']


abstract: We investigated the rate of tension development (kappa td) after photolytical release of @entity855 from @entity73144 ('caged @entity855 ') of atrial and ventricular fibre bundles from @entity1707 . Contraction was initiated from @entity2701 ( @entity2701 ) and low-tension (LT) rigor at maximal @entity141 activation (pCa 4.5). The kappa td of atrial fibre bundles was 6.8 s-1 from LT and 6.9 s-1 from @entity2701 rigor. Rate of tension development of ventricular fibre bundles was significantly lower (P < 0.001) being 1.06 s-1 and 0.94 s-1 from LT and @entity2701 rigor, respectively. The kappa td of skinned ventricular fibre bundles incubated in a high [K+], low [ @entity141 ] (cardioplegic) solution prior to the skinning procedure decreased significantly (P < 0.05) to 0.73 s-1 and 0.63 s-1 from LT and @entity2701 rigor, respectively, whereas that of skinned atrial fibre bundles remained at 7.1 s-1 and 6.9 s-1 from LT and @entity2701 rigor, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of the @entity13143 light chain 2 isoform in the atrial fibre bundles (ALC-2) was 15.6 +/- 2.7%. The corresponding values for the two ventricular isoforms, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, were 31.2 +/- 0.4% and 25.1 +/- 2.1%, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of fibre bundles incubated in cardioplegic solution prior to skinning were 11.6%, 18.9%, and 15.4% of the ALC-2, VLC-2 and VLC-2*, respectively. The results show that the rate of tension development is more than seven-fold higher in the atrial compared with ventricular fibre bundles. These results correlate with the differences in ATPase activity of the contractile proteins in solution and, most likely, reflect differences in the @entity13143 isoform composition. In ventricular fibre bundles the increased levels of light chain phosphorylation were associated with increased rate of contraction.

title: Rate of active tension development from rigor in skinned atrial and ventricular cardiac fibres from @entity1707 following photolytic release of @entity855 from caged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'high-tension']

entities_list: @entity73144 :: ('MESH:C029273', 'Chemical') :: ["P3-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-ethyladenosine-5'-triphosphate"]

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: Surgical excision of @entity320 metastases is practical only when the number of lesions is small. In some @entity1 isolated limb perfusion is not possible or fails to achieve control, and @entity544 laser ablation is then an alternative treatment. Between September 1992 and September 1994, 19 @entity1 aged 45-94 years were treated with @entity544 laser. Two @entity1 had received no previous limb perfusion, while the remaining 17 had up to three previous perfusions. The number of lesions per @entity1 ranged from three to 40 nodules. A Sharplan 1030 portable @entity544 laser was used, which generates a beam wavelength of 10.6 microns and has a maximum power output of 80 W. All procedures were carried out under general anaesthesia. Each lesion was destroyed with a focused laser beam of 10-20 W with a spot size of 0.5-1.0 mm. At a mean follow-up of 15 months, five @entity1 have died from the disease. Among the 14 survivors, eight have had no limb recurrence of the disease, three have had one further treatment and three a further two treatments to control cutaneous metastases at new sites. Early experience suggests that @entity544 laser ablation of cutaneous metastases is an effective palliative treatment after failed isolated limb perfusion, and there may be a group of @entity1 in whom laser ablation should be the initial treatment of choice.

title: XXXX laser ablation as an alternative treatment for cutaneous metastases from malignant @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['Carbon dioxide']


abstract: AIM: The potential psycho-social sequelae of traumatic @entity8494 have received increasing attention in recent years, however there remains paucity of cross-national comparative data on the prevalence of @entity458 following such @entity130 . The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the prevalence of @entity148 and @entity308 in an adult @entity1 group who have been treated for maxillofacial @entity130 , and who attend a follow-up clinic in either the West Midlands, UK or New South Wales (NSW), Australia. By using an identical methodological and statistical approach, we hoped to add to the available information on the incidence of early @entity458 in @entity1 following facial @entity130 . METHOD: This was a comparative cross-sectional study. A sample of fifty consecutive adult victims of facial @entity130 in the West Midlands UK, was compared to a group of fifty-two facially injured @entity1 in NSW, Australia. Demographic data was collected, following which the @entity308 and @entity148 Scale (HADS) were applied to both groups of @entity1 . RESULTS: Psychometric scores suggestive of @entity148 and @entity308 state were common in both groups of @entity1 . The mean HADS @entity308 subscale score for UK @entity1 compared to Australian @entity1 was not significantly different (5.94 versus 5.54 p=0.62). This was also the case for the HADS @entity148 subscale (5.96 versus 5.94 p=0.98). Although the number of @entity1 achieving scores suggestive of a 'caseness' for co-morbid psychological state was higher within the UK sample when compared to the Australian group (20% versus 11.5% for HADS @entity308 subscale, and 20% versus 15% for HADS @entity148 subscales respectively); these differences did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: This cross-national comparative study has shown that @entity148 and @entity308 in @entity2123 were comparable in both settings.

title: The prevalence of XXXX in a sample of @entity2123 . A comparative cross-sectional study between UK and Australia.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Hospital Depression', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial trauma victims']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity8494 :: ('MESH:D005151', 'Disease') :: ['facial injury']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological distress']


abstract: PURPOSE: All previous studies reported the benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhotic @entity1 with either a mixture of nonvariceal and variceal @entity548 or variceal @entity548 alone. Reports on sole peptic ulcers @entity548 are lacking. We aimed to assess the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhotic @entity1 with peptic @entity1066 after endoscopic interventions and the risk factors associated with recurrent @entity548 . METHODS: A cross-sectional retrospective chart review study was conducted on 148 cirrhotic @entity1 with acute peptic ulcer @entity548 who underwent therapeutic endoscopic procedures. @entity1 who received prophylactic intravenous @entity2756 were classified as group A (n  =  38) and those who did not receive antibiotics were classified as group B (n  =  110). The outcomes were prevention of @entity281 , length of hospital stay, time of rebleeding, and @entity204 . RESULTS: More @entity1 suffered from recurrent @entity548 and @entity281 in group B than those in group A (28.2 vs. 5.3  %; p  =  0.003, and 26.4 vs. 10.5  %; p  =  0.043, respectively). The risk factors associated with recurrent @entity548 were being male (OR  =  3.4; p  =  0.024), those with advanced stage of @entity82 with @entity1 -Pugh's class C (OR  =  3.8; p  <  0.001), and those without antibiotic prophylaxis (OR  =  8.9; p  =  0.003). The observed 30-day survival was virtually identical for both groups (p  =  0.279). CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis in cirrhotic @entity1 after endoscopic interventions for acute peptic ulcer @entity548 reduced @entity281 and decreased rebleeding. Male gender, @entity82 @entity1 -Pugh's class C, and no antibiotic prophylaxis were independent predictors of recurrent @entity548 . Further studies should be directed to explore ways to improve the overall outcome of these @entity1 .

title: The effect of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for cirrhotic XXXX with peptic @entity1066 after endoscopic interventions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer bleeding']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 58-year old @entity1 was referred to our hospital for treatment of an abdominal mass. As for him, @entity5 resection with right nephrectomy had been performed ten years ago for a giant well-differentiated @entity20597 . CT examination showed a huge @entity5 shadow in the abdominal cavity. Abdominal MRI examination showed a 15   8 cm @entity5 with almost high signal intensity on the T2 weighted images. At laparotomy, a large bulky @entity5 pointed out before an operation was found. Surgical extirpation of the @entity5 was performed. Besides, several @entity5 of the thumb head size were detected into right retroperitoneal fatty tissue. The right side mesocolon and the @entity5 were not able to exfoliate, therefore right hemicolectomy was performed. Histological features showed @entity1821 . The postoperative course was uneventful. But eight months after surgery, he was admitted again for treatment of a 4   3 cm @entity5 . Extirpation of the @entity5 was performed. Histological finding of this @entity5 also showed @entity1821 . Dedifferentiation, occurring in 15% of the well-differentiated @entity1821 , sometimes may develop later. Long-term detailed follow-up is necessary for well-differentiated @entity1821 .

title: A case of XXXX which recurred ten years later from the initial operation.

entities_list: @entity20597 :: ('MESH:D010501', 'Disease') :: ['perinephric liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma', 'dedifferentiated liposarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'retroperitoneal tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity20597 :: (MESH:D010501,Disease) :: ['perinephric liposarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4053 is common in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We aimed to update the incidence of severe and symptomatic @entity4053 and investigate several correlated factors. METHODS: In this multicenter, observational retrospective study, the data of 206 @entity6 @entity1 from a sample of 2,229 consecutive @entity1 seen at 18 @entity6 clinics were analyzed. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, severe @entity4053 in the past 12  months, and symptomatic @entity4053 in the past 4  weeks were recorded with a self-report questionnaire and a clinical form during a routine visit. Poisson multivariate models were applied. RESULTS: A minority of @entity1 accounted for the majority of both severe and symptomatic episodes. The incidence rate (IR) of severe @entity4053 was 0.49 (0.40-0.60) events/ @entity1 -years. The incidence rate ratio (IRR) was higher in @entity1 with previous severe @entity4053 (3.71; 2.28-6.04), @entity16 (4.16; 2.14-8.05), long duration (>20  years, 2.96; 1.60-5.45), and on polypharmacy (1.24; 1.13-1.36), but it was lower when a complication was present. The IR of symptomatic @entity4053 was 53.3 events/ @entity1 -years, with an IRR significantly higher among @entity1 or @entity1 with better education, or shorter duration or on pumps. The IRR was lower in @entity1 with higher BMI or @entity16 or aged more than 50  years. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than 20  % of @entity6 @entity1 are free from @entity4053 , with one in six having experienced at least one severe episode in the last year. The distribution is uneven, with a tendency of episodes to cluster in some @entity1 . Severe and symptomatic episodes have different correlates and reflect different conditions.

title: Incidence and risk factors for severe and symptomatic XXXX in type 1 @entity6 . Results of the HYPOS-1 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: Control of @entity101 in the vascular @entity1 is clearly a priority. However, these @entity1 often will have significant co-morbidities that may influence the choice of medication, a decision that also may be affected by cost or Health Plan directives. Wherever possible, monotherapy should be attempted first, although in select circumstances combination therapy may be more appropriate. The 5 main categories of drugs used in the initial treatment of hypertensive @entity455 are (1). diuretics, (2). beta-adrenergic blockers, (3). @entity460 channel blockers, (4). @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors, and (5). angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). There are also other less commonly used drugs. Each of the antihypertensive agents is roughly equally effective, producing a good antihypertensive response in 40% to 60% of cases. Some antihypertensives, especially @entity1289 and ARBs, also may have beneficial effects on the vascular and metabolic systems separate from their blood pressure lowering effects, which suggests they may be beneficial even if blood pressure is well maintained with other agents. This report covers the basic information required for the vascular surgeon to become familiar with the various medications and their indications, dosage, and side effects. It also provides some guidelines in selecting relevant antihypertensive treatment regimens for the elderly @entity1 with @entity455 .

title: Treatment of XXXX from volume to vasoconstriction: The @entity1289 up your sleeve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial vascular disease', 'vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been no reports concerning the correlation between @entity712 and @entity3361 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 2000 to December 2007, 201 @entity1 with @entity712 were hospitalized at our institution. We could perform coronary arteriography and @entity2473 provocation tests in 37 (22 @entity1 , 67  11 years) out of 201 @entity1 with @entity712 before discharge. @entity955 was observed in 13 @entity1 (35%). After controlling @entity712 and 24h cessation of vasoactive drugs, pharmacological @entity2473 provocation tests were performed. Positive @entity2473 was defined as >90%. @entity3361 was observed in 12 @entity1 (32%) and multiple @entity2473 was recognized in 10 (83%) out of 12 @entity1 . Though ejection fraction on admission was not different between the two groups (42  18% vs. 43  11%, ns), left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimension after medical therapy over 1 year was significantly smaller in @entity1 with positive @entity2473 than that in @entity1 with negative @entity2473 . There was no difference concerning medications except the administration of @entity1507 and @entity7976 between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3361 , especially multiple @entity2473 , may cause transient @entity712 in a small part of unknown origin @entity712 in Japan.

title: XXXX : multiple @entity2473 may cause transient @entity712 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3361 :: ('MESH:D003329', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery spasm', 'coronary artery spasm', 'Coronary spasm']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity7976 :: ('MESH:D020108', 'Chemical') :: ['nicorandil']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Vasospastic heart failure']


abstract: @entity280 (pVHL)-mediated ubiquitination of @entity43331 plays a central role in the cellular responses to changes in @entity26 availability. In the present study, using @entity3392 as a model, we showed that specific knockdown of endogenous @entity71537 leads to @entity600 and @entity177 . Knockdown of @entity71537 resulted in abnormal kidney development, including curved and cystic pronephric tubule or/and cystic and @entity3202 . Co-injecting capped @entity71537 messenger RNA (mRNA) partially rescued pronephros morphant phenotype, confirming the specificity of the morpholino oligonucleotide (MO)-induced @entity154 . In keeping with the pronephros phenotype, renal function was affected as well in @entity71537 morphants. Dextran clearance abilities of @entity71537 morphants were significantly reduced as compared with those of control embryos. Further analysis indicated that glomerular integrity is impaired in @entity71537 morphants, while the organization of pronephric duct was minimally affected. @entity71537 morphants display global increased vegf signaling and angiogenesis. In addition, we found that @entity71537 morphants displayed elevated expression of vegfa in podocytes and increased angiogenesis at pronephric glomerulus and the nearby vessels. Treatment of vegf inducer to embryos also caused pronephros phenotype resembling @entity71537 morphants, further supporting that increased vegfa signaling contribute to the pronephros morphant phenotype. Our study establishes the @entity3392 as an alternative vertebrate model system for studying @entity71537 function during kidney development.

title: @entity280 gene plays a role during XXXX pronephros development.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['pronephric defects']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['pronephros malformation']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic glomerulus']

entities_list: @entity280 :: ('MESH:D006623', 'Disease') :: ['von Hippel-Lindau']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: Stenting may provide a new, less invasive therapeutic option for @entity438 . However, a conventional porous stent may be insufficient in modifying the blood flow for clinical @entity439 . We designed an asymmetric stent consisting of a low porosity patch welded onto a porous stent for an @entity438 of a specific @entity1 geometry to block the strong inflow jet. To evaluate the effect of the patch on aneurysmal flow dynamics, we "virtually" implanted it into the @entity1 's @entity439 geometry and performed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) analysis. The patch was computationally deformed to fit into the vessel lumen segmented from the @entity1 CT reconstructions. After the flow calculations, a patch with the same design was fabricated using laser cutting techniques and welded onto a commercial porous stent, creating a @entity1 -specific asymmetric stent. This stent was implanted into a phantom, which was imaged with X-ray angiography. The hemodynamics of untreated and stented @entity439 were compared both computationally and experimentally. It was found from @entity5173 of the @entity1 @entity439 that the asymmetric stent effectively blocked the strong inflow jet into the @entity439 and eliminated the flow impingement on the @entity439 wall at the dome. The impact zone with elevated wall shear stress was eliminated, the aneurysmal flow activity was substantially reduced, and the flow was considerably reduced. Experimental observations corresponded well qualitatively with the @entity5173 results. The demonstrated asymmetric stent could lead to a new minimally invasive image guided intervention to reduce @entity439 growth and @entity397 .

title: Evaluation of an asymmetric stent patch design for a XXXX specific @entity438 using Computational Fluid Dynamic ( @entity5173 ) calculations in the Computed Tomography (CT) derived lumen.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'anterior cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: In a @entity1 @entity151 cell line, GLC4, @entity632 (ADR) resistance was induced. In the resistant cell line, GLC4/ADR, a 45% decreased intracellular ADR level was found compared to GLC4, but this could not fully explain the resistance. Evaluation of DNA damage in both cell lines after incubation with ADR by alkaline and neutral elution revealed single-strand breaks, DNA-protein cross-links, and @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ). At all incubation concentrations there was a decreased amount of all types of DNA damage in GLC4/ADR. The number of @entity6724 was decreased also when corrected for the decreased intracellular concentration. This can at least partly be explained by the decreased stability of ADR induced @entity6724 . After removal of ADR, 80% of @entity6724 was repaired in 1 h in GLC4/ADR against no repair in GLC4. X-ray induced DSBs were also repaired faster: in GLC4/ADR t1/2 = 10 min and in GLC4 t1/2 = 23 min. Ratios for single strand breaks/DSBs and single strand breaks/DNA-protein cross-links between GLC4 and GLC4/ADR after exposure to ADR differed; these differences were compatible with differences in the distribution of the various types of DNA damage induced in the cell lines due to an altered ADR-topoisomerase II interaction. In this @entity1 @entity151 cell line the resistance is multifactorial with decreased intracellular ADR levels, increased DNA repair, and altered ADR-topoisomerase interaction.

title: Multifactorial drug resistance in an XXXX -resistant @entity1 @entity151 cell line.

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['double-strand breaks', 'DSB']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The TVT system has revolutionized the management of female stress @entity322 (SUI). Less favourable results have been observed in @entity1 with @entity322 associated with a low maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of TVT in this situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1999 to June 2001, 22 @entity1 between the ages of 53 and 84 years (median: 66.7 years) were operated for SUI with an MUCP < 25 cm @entity2507 (mean: 17.6 cm @entity2507 , range: 6 to 22 cm @entity2507 ) present for more than 8 months (range: 8 to 48 months). Three @entity1 also had associated urgency. The Ulmstem manoeuvre was positive in every case and the Bonney manoeuvre was positive in 19 @entity1 . Insertion of TVT was associated with sacral colpopexy in two @entity1 . Success of treatment was defined by complete absence of @entity322 and @entity74 after the operation. RESULTS: One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The median follow-up was 7.5 months (range: 3 to 27 months). The mean duration of bladder catheterization was 1.3 days (range: 1 to 5 days). Fifteen @entity1 were completely cured by TVT (71.4%). In these cases, uroflowmetry and post-voiding volume were not affected by the operation. Treatment was ineffective in 6 @entity1 (4 cases of uncontrolled leaks, one case of de novo urge @entity322 , one case of @entity86 with a post-voiding residue of 120 ml). CONCLUSION: The TVT system appears to be an effective method for the treatment of most @entity1 with SUI associated with severe manometric @entity1690 . However, these favourable results need to be confirmed by a longer follow-up.

title: [Efficacy of suburethral TVT in cases of stress XXXX associated with severe sphincter insufficiency. Report of 22 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['sphincter incompetence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysuria']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['voiding disorders']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: AIMS: Persistent @entity955 ( @entity955 ) often recurs after direct current electrical cardioversion (ECV). As several experimental and clinical studies suggest that n-3 @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) may have antiarrhythmic properties even at the atrial level, we aimed to evaluate whether oral supplementation with @entity5204 , in addition to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, could reduce the recurrence rate of the @entity943 after ECV of persistent @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Two hundred and four @entity1 (mean age 69.3 years, 33% females) with persistent @entity955 were randomly assigned to receive 3 g/day of @entity5204 until ECV and 2 g/day thereafter (104 @entity1 ) or placebo (100 @entity1 ) for 6 months, beginning at least 1 week before ECV. Selection of conventional antiarrhythmic prophylaxis was left to local medical advice. The cardiac rhythm was assessed by both trans-telephonic monitoring and clinical visits. Primary end-point was the recurrence rate of @entity955 . Sinus rhythm was restored, either spontaneously or after ECV, in 187 @entity1 (91.7%); 95 @entity1 (91.4%) on @entity5204 and 92 @entity1 (92.0%) on placebo (P=not significant). @entity955 relapsed in 56 (58.9%) of the @entity5204 @entity1 and in 47 (51.1%) of the placebo @entity1 (P=0.28). The mean time to @entity955 recurrence was 83  8 days in the @entity5204 group and 106  9 days in the placebo group (P=0.29). CONCLUSION: Our results do not support the hypothesis that, in @entity1 undergoing ECV of chronic persistent @entity955 , supplementation with @entity5204 in addition to the usual antiarrhythmic treatment reduces recurrent @entity955 .

title: n-3 XXXX for the prevention of @entity943 recurrence after electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent @entity955 : a randomized, double-blind, multicentre study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1474 :: (MESH:D005231,Chemical) :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']


abstract: In @entity31599 , the cellular requirements for @entity2518 (ALA) are in part regulated by the level of ALA synthase activity, which is encoded by the @entity72005 and @entity72006 genes. Under standard growth conditions, only the @entity72005 gene is transcribed, and the level of ALA synthase activity varies in response to @entity26 tension. The presence of an FNR consensus sequence upstream of @entity72005 suggested that @entity26 regulation of @entity72005 expression could be mediated, in part, through a homolog of the fnr gene. Two independent studies, one detailed here, identified a region of the @entity31599 genome containing extensive homology to the fix region of the symbiotic @entity1568 -fixing bacteria @entity16258 and @entity19062 . Within this region that maps to 443 kbp on chromsome I, we have identified an fnr homolog ( @entity60180 ), as well as a gene that codes for an anaerobic coproporphyrinogen III oxidase, the second such gene identified in this organism. We also present an analysis of the role of @entity60180 in the physiology of @entity31599 through the construction and characterization of @entity60180 -null strains. Our results further show that @entity60180 is essential for both photosynthetic and anaerobic-dark growth with @entity3733 . Analysis of @entity72005 expression, with @entity72005 ::lacZ transcriptional fusions, suggests that @entity60180 is an activator of @entity72005 under anaerobic conditions. On the other hand, the open reading frame immediately upstream of @entity72005 appears to be an activator of @entity72005 transcription regardless of either the presence or the absence of @entity26 or @entity60180 . Given the lack of @entity72006 expression under these conditions, we consider @entity60180 regulation of @entity72005 expression to be a major factor in bringing about changes in the level of ALA synthase activity in response to changes in @entity26 tension.

title: Aerobic and anaerobic regulation in @entity31599 : the role of the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethyl sulfoxide']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity31599 :: ('272943', 'Species') :: ['Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1', 'R. sphaeroides 2.4.1']

entities_list: @entity19062 :: ('375', 'Species') :: ['Bradyrhizobium japonicum']

entities_list: @entity16258 :: ('382', 'Species') :: ['Rhizobium meliloti']

answer: @entity60180 :: (3718176(Tax:272943),Gene) :: ['fnrL']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene order in eukaryotic genomes is not random, with genes with similar expression profiles tending to cluster. In @entity375 , the model taxon for gene order analysis, such syntenic clusters of non-homologous genes tend to be conserved over evolutionary time. Whether similar clusters show gene order conservation in other lineages is, however, undecided. Here, we examine this issue in @entity238 using high-resolution chromosome rearrangement data. RESULTS: We show that @entity238 has at least three classes of expression clusters: first, as observed in mammals, large clusters of functionally unrelated housekeeping genes; second, small clusters of functionally related highly co-expressed genes; and finally, as previously defined by Spellman and Rubin, larger domains of co-expressed but functionally unrelated genes. The latter are, however, not independent of the small co-expression clusters and likely reflect a methodological artifact. While the small co-expression and housekeeping/essential gene clusters resemble those observed in @entity375 , in contrast to @entity375 , we see no evidence that any of the three cluster types are preserved as synteny blocks. If anything, adjacent co-expressed genes are more likely to become rearranged than expected. Again in contrast to @entity375 , in @entity238 , gene pairs with short intergene distance or in divergent orientations tend to have higher rearrangement rates. These findings are consistent with co-expression being partly due to shared chromatin environment. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, while similar in terms of cluster types, gene order evolution has strikingly different patterns in @entity375 and in @entity238 , although recombination is associated with gene order rearrangement in both.

title: Support for multiple classes of local expression clusters in XXXX , but no evidence for gene order conservation.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'D. melanogaster']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila melanogaster']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aims of this study were to identify arteriographic manifestations of @entity810 and to evaluate the @entity887 . @entity8 angiography was performed on 83 @entity1 with @entity810 . As soon as @entity548 arteries were identified, emergency embolization was performed using gelatin sponge, @entity4832 particles, and coils. The arteriographic presentation and the effect of the treatment for @entity810 were analyzed retrospectively. Contrast extravasation was observed in 41 @entity1 . @entity8 were found in 12 of the 41 @entity1 . In all, 8 other @entity1 had a renal @entity2849 , 5 had @entity397 complicated by a @entity8 , and 1 had @entity397 complicated by a renal @entity17954 . Another 16 @entity1 had @entity5 vasculature seen on arteriography. Before the procedure, 35 @entity1 underwent renal artery computed tomography angiography (CTA). Following emergency embolization, complete hemostasis was achieved in 80 @entity1 , although persistent @entity811 was present in 3 renal @entity130 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 who had undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (justifying surgical @entity8 in this @entity1 ). Two-year follow-up revealed an overall effective rate of 95.18 % (79/83) for emergency embolization. There were no serious complications. Emergency embolization is a safe, effective, minimally invasive treatment for @entity548 . Because of the diversified arteriographic presentation of @entity810 , proper selection of the embolic agent is a key to successful hemostasis. Preoperative renal CTA plays an important role in diagnosing and localizing the @entity548 artery.

title: Emergency Transcatheter Arterial Embolization for Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal arteriovenous fistulas', 'Emergency renal artery', 'removal of the ipsilateral kidney', 'renal arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'renal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity17954 :: ('MESH:D016157', 'Disease') :: ['artery-calyceal fistula']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['efficacy of emergency embolization']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Renal Hemorrhage']


abstract: The proliferative response of clonal B cells from @entity1 with @entity1072 ( @entity1072 ) is drastically reduced compared to normal B lymphocytes stimulated via the B cell antigen receptor complex or by @entity2936 ligation. In the present study we demonstrate that @entity6306 of CLL-B cells can be overcome by stimulatory pathways mediated by activated @entity404 (+) T cells. In contrast to @entity2936 ligation, costimulation with activated T cells promotes a proliferative response in CLL-B cells identical to that in normal B cells. Furthermore, coculture with activated T cells improved survival of CLL-B cells in vitro. Differentiation of CLL-B cells into IgM producing cells was promoted, as well. However, the capacity for IgM secretion remained impaired compared to that of normal B cells. For T-cell-mediated B cell activation direct cellular contact with activated T helper cells is absolutely required. Prevention of @entity2936 / @entity11603 interaction by @entity2936 antibody caused only partial inhibition of B cell activation, suggesting that additional signals are involved in T-B cell interaction. Whereas interruption of the ligand pairs @entity1453 / @entity2071 , @entity5893 / @entity42428 , @entity2731 / @entity32998 had no influence, the addition of @entity7937 antibody completely inhibited B cell activation by activated T cells. In costimulation with cellular signals the presence of B-cell-tropic cytokines, such as @entity1199 and @entity3646 , was required to optimize @entity1072 proliferation, as demonstrated by the use of neutralizing antibodies. We conclude from these results that proliferative @entity6306 by CLL-B cells can be circumvented by antigen-nonspecific signals in addition to @entity2936 which are mediated by direct contact with activated T helper cells.

title: Direct cellular interaction with activated XXXX (+) T cells overcomes @entity6306 of @entity1072 in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'B-CLL']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: A mother carrying a fetus affected with @entity12554 received prenatal treatment with @entity619 (0.5 mg, tid, p.o.) started from the very beginning of the 8th week of gestation. Prenatal diagnosis had to rely on amniocentesis with karyotyping and @entity134 hormone determination, because HLA and DNA data from the deceased index case or direct molecular genetic techniques were not available. The pre- and postnatal diagnosis of @entity12554 was based on mass spectrometric determination of @entity4418 . @entity619 was discontinued for 5 days prior to amniocentesis. Monitoring of @entity701 , @entity2990 and @entity10586 in maternal plasma revealed suppressed maternal and fetal adrenal glands throughout pregnancy. Plasma @entity619 levels confirmed excellent maternal compliance. At term, an eutrophic @entity1 with normal female genitalia was delivered. The diagnosis of @entity12554 and salt loss was confirmed postnatally. Regarding the side-effects of @entity619 , the benefit/risk ratio was in favour of prenatal @entity619 therapy.

title: Successful prenatal treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity10586 :: ('CHEBI:27974', 'Chemical') :: ['oestriol']

entities_list: @entity2990 :: ('CHEBI:16814', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate']

entities_list: @entity12554 :: ('MESH:C535979', 'Disease') :: ['21-hydroxylase deficiency']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity12554 :: (MESH:C535979,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most severe form of @entity3570 , one of the most common @entity154 . Although open fetal surgical repair of the MMC defect has been shown to result in improved outcomes, a less invasive approach applicable earlier in gestation than the current open surgical approach between 19 and 26 weeks of gestation is desirable for further improvement of neurological symptoms, as well as reduction of maternal and fetal risks. We previously reported the therapeutic potential of a scaffold-based tissue engineering approach in a fetal @entity35 MMC model. The objective of this study was to confirm the long-term efficacy of this approach in the surgically created fetal @entity742 MMC model. Gelatin-based or gelatin/collagen hybrid sponges were prepared with and without @entity25195 ( @entity25195 ) incorporation. The defect was covered by a sponge and secured by a supporting sheet with adhesive at 100 days of gestation or the gelatin/collagen hybrid with @entity25195 was secured with adhesive without the sheet. Although sheets were found detached at term (140 days' gestation), both gelatin-based and gelatin/collagen hybrid sponges had integrated within the newly formed granulation tissue, resulting in complete coverage of the MMC defect. The release of @entity25195 from sponges resulted in enhanced formation of granulation tissue and epithelialization. There was also evidence of improved preservation of the spinal cord with less associated damage on histological analysis and reversal of hindbrain herniation. These experiments provide important proof-of-principle evidence of the efficacy of scaffold-based tissue engineered coverage for the prenatal treatment of MMC.

title: Complete tissue coverage achieved by scaffold-based tissue engineering in the fetal XXXX model of Myelomeningocele.

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spina bifida']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity25195 :: ('443306(Tax:9940)', 'Gene') :: ['bFGF', 'basic fibroblast growth factor']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of serial sectioning is considered the gold standard for detection of @entity320 activity in sentinel node (SN) biopsies. However, this is cost and labor intensive. In contrast, @entity11442 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is simple and quick, but it is hampered by its extreme sensitivity. This study was performed to test whether a strategy that combines the two methods, using @entity11442 RT-PCR to preselect nodes for IHC, could be accurate and cost effective. METHODS: In 36 @entity1 , SNs were identified by scintigraphy and patent blue uptake. Of each SN, one cross section was analyzed first by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining. Next, all nodes were examined by serial sectioning and IHC of one-half and @entity11442 RT-PCR of the other. Before comparison, all results were documented in a blinded manner. Material costs and workload estimates were noted per SN. RESULTS: Fifty-five SNs were retrieved from the 36 @entity1 . @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining of the first cross section revealed @entity5 positivity in 3 @entity1 (6 SN). @entity11442 RT-PCR was positive in 11 of the remaining 33 @entity1 (19 of 49 SN). Of these same 11 @entity1 , only 5 were shown to have @entity5 -positive SNs by using IHC on serial sections (7 SN). All these nodes had been positive for @entity11442 on PCR. For IHC, an average of 40 sections were prepared and examined per SN at a cost of  200(U.S.)/SN. In contrast, routine @entity11442 RT-PCR costs  37(U.S.)/SN, and takes 5% of the time necessary for IHC. A strategy including @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining on the first cross section, followed by @entity11442 RT-PCR on half of each negative (half) node, could preselect nodes to be taken through serial sectioning. In these series, such a strategy would have prevented serial sectioning and IHC of 30 SN from 22 @entity1 . Apart from a considerable gain in efficiency, this would have reduced material costs by a minimum of  6000 (U.S.). This discrepancy would be even higher if work intensity of analysts and pathologists were considered. CONCLUSIONS: In routine analysis of SN biopsies in @entity320 @entity1 , @entity11442 RT-PCR can be used effectively to preselect nodes for further IHC of serial sections. This method seems both time and cost effective.

title: Sentinel node biopsies in XXXX @entity1 : a protocol for accurate, efficient, and cost-effective analysis by preselection for immunohistochemistry on the basis of Tyr-PCR.

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin', 'hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity11442 :: ('7299', 'Gene') :: ['Tyrosinase', 'tyrosinase']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: @entity565 is a complex inflammatory disease involving the critical actions of several important cytokines. Epidemiological data show that @entity28 could increase the risk of @entity565 , and insulin resistance, or @entity209 are an important risk factor for @entity28 @entity565 . Some studies identified that upstream of the transcription start site within the @entity310 gene promoter region-308 polymorphism was associated insulin resistance or @entity209 , while this site was closely related to @entity565 . But no research was performed to evaluate the influence of @entity310 @entity15646 polymorphism on @entity209 in @entity748 @entity1 . Here, we recruited 248 @entity748 @entity1 , who were separated into @entity565 with Mets/ @entity565 without Mets groups and 226 matched healthy controls from Hebei Province to evaluate the influence of @entity310 @entity15646 polymorphism on @entity209 in @entity748 @entity1 . Single nucleotide polymorphism of @entity310 -308 locus was genotyped using PCR-RFLP. Some biochemical variables were also determined. Our result showed that the genotypic and allelic frequency of @entity40610 did not show significant difference between @entity748 @entity1 and normal controls. However, the frequency of A allele was signi   cantly higher in @entity565 group with Mets (22.36%) than in controls (15.71%) (P = 0.02; OR = 0.647; 95% CI = 0.447-0.936). After analyzing the relationship between biochemical features of @entity1 and genotype of @entity310 @entity15646 , we found levels of LDL @entity165 , @entity310 and insulin, and HOMA-IR were significantly higher in the @entity748 @entity1 carrying the GA and AA genotypes than in the carriers of GG genotype of @entity40610 (P = 0.029, P = 0.022, P = 0.043, respectively). Thus, our data suggested that @entity310 @entity15646 variation was related to metabolic phenotype in @entity565 @entity1 . Furthermore, we first identified @entity310 -308 A allele was the risk factor for @entity748 @entity1 with Mets in Hebei population, China.

title: Genetic polymorphisms of the @entity310 @entity15646 are associated with @entity209 in XXXX @entity1 from Hebei province, China.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['asthma', 'Asthma']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: Three cases of communicating @entity1276 after @entity510 are reported that underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt and suffered from delayed @entity1779 along the ventricular catheter. Ventricular catheters were inserted into the posterior horn with minimal @entity75 by our method, in case 1 and 2, 3 times try of ventriculostomy, in case 3, replacement along the same route on the shunt revision. Blood pressure control after the operation was good and @entity548 tendency was not observed. @entity455 was not found in preoperative angiography in any case. In case 1, 60 year-old @entity1 , @entity1779 occurred on the 7th-9th postoperative day as the result of @entity12906 and generalized @entity410 which needed assisted ventilation for two days. In case 2, 54 year-old @entity1 and case 3, 59 year-old @entity1 , @entity10 and @entity1269 suddenly developed immediately after micturition 4 days after operation. Postoperative CT scan revealed that cranioplasty, performed at the same time as shunt operation, caused mass effect on the shunted side of the brain in case 2. In case 3, VP shunt system revised did not seem to function so well. These conditions might predispose the shunted brain to bleed, in addition to the @entity428 or blood pressure probably produced by Valsalva effect at micturition. These cases indicate that the small surgical wound in the brain induced by shunt procedure could cause @entity455 and bring about delayed @entity932 under some predisposing factors.

title: [Delayed XXXX following VP shunt operation].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['progressive degenerative vascular change', 'Vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity12906 :: ('MESH:D000142', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the health outcomes and economics associated with the current guidance relating to the prevention of falls in the elderly through @entity560 supplementation. SETTING: UK. @entity1 : UK population aged 60   years and above. INTERVENTIONS: A Markov health state transition model simulated @entity1 transitions between key fall-related outcomes using a 5-year horizon and annual cycles to assess the costs and benefits of empirical treatment with @entity31864 800   iu daily. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Costs and health outcomes attributable to fall prevention following @entity560 supplementation. RESULTS: Our model shows that treating the UK population aged 60   years and above with 800   iu @entity31864 would, over a 5-year period: (1) prevent in excess of 430   000 minor falls; (2) avoid 190   000 major falls; (3) prevent 1579 acute @entity204 ; (4) avoid 84   000 @entity1 -years of long-term care and (5) prevent 8300 @entity204 associated with increased mortality in long-term care. The greatest gains are seen among those 75   years and older. Based on reduction in falls alone, the intervention in all adults aged 65+ is cost-saving and leads to increased quality adjusted life years. Treating all adults aged 60+ incurs an intervention cost of   2.70bn over 5   years, yet produces a -  3.12bn reduction in fall-related costs; a net saving of   420M. Increasing the lower bound age limit by 5-year increments increases budget impact to -  1.17bn, -  1.75bn, and -  2.06bn for adults 65+, 70+ and 75+, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that treatment of the elderly UK population with @entity31864 800   iu daily would be associated with reductions in mortality and substantial cost-savings through fall prevention.

title: Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of Empirical XXXX therapy on unintentional falls in older adults in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'person', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity31864 :: ('CHEBI:28940', 'Chemical') :: ['colecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']