abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in the adjunctive treatment of medically diagnosed @entity1538 and to compare the difference in intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects between 180-degree and 360-degree SLT. METHODS: This study is a retrospective consecutive chart review of @entity1538 @entity1 who had undergone first-time SLT from January of 2005 to July of 2007. All the @entity1 had primary @entity1538 or @entity9998 under medical treatment and followed for at least 3 months after the procedure. The IOP reduction and treatment success were compared with the 2 treatment types. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 underwent 180-degree SLT (35 eyes) and 25 @entity1 underwent 360-degree SLT (34 eyes). The average follow-up was 19.5 months (range 3 to 36) for 180-degree group and 17.9 months (range 3 to 36) for 360-degree group. During the follow-up period, the 360-degree SLT group showed significantly lower posttreatment IOP at each follow-up point relative to pretreatment IOP, and its IOP reduction rate stayed statistically higher than the 180-degree group. We found a positive correlation between the pretreatment IOP and the IOP reduction rate for 360-degree SLT. The lower the pretreatment IOP was, the lower IOP reduction rate became. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed higher success rates after 360-degree SLT than after 180-degree SLT. CONCLUSIONS: The 360-degree SLT was shown to be more effective than180-degree SLT for intermediateterm reduction in IOP of Japanese @entity1 with @entity1538 as an adjunctive treatment protocol.

title: Clinical results of selective laser trabeculoplasty in XXXX in Japanese eyes: comparison of 180 degree with 360 degree SLT.

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoexfoliation glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity1538 :: (MESH:D005902,Disease) :: ['open-angle glaucoma']


abstract: Clinical studies have shown that negative symptoms of @entity161 unresponsive to antipsychotic given alone can improve after augmentation with SSRI antidepressant. Laboratory investigations into the mechanism of this synergism showed that co-administration of SSRI and antipsychotic produces changes in @entity1246 (A) receptor and related systems, which differ from the effects of each drug alone. To examine the clinical relevance of these findings, the current study examined the effects of SSRI augmentation treatment on @entity1246 (A) receptor and related systems in @entity161 @entity1 . @entity161 @entity1 with high levels of negative symptoms unresponsive to antipsychotic treatment received add-on @entity3755 (100 mg/d). Blood was taken before and 1, 3 and 6 wk after adding @entity3755 and peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC) isolated. RNA encoding for @entity1246 (A)b3, @entity7601 , and 5-HT7 receptors, PKCb2, and @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ) was assayed with real-time RT-PCR. Plasma @entity2252 protein was assayed using ELISA. Clinical symptoms were assessed with validated rating scales. We found significant increase in mRNA encoding for @entity1246 (A)b3 and 5- @entity7601 , 5-HT7 receptors and @entity2252 and a reduction in PKCb2 mRNA. Plasma @entity2252 protein concentrations were increased. There were significant correlations among the genes. Clinical symptoms improved significantly. mRNA expression of PKCb2, @entity7601 and 5-HT7 showed significant associations with clinical symptoms. Combined SSRI+antipsychotic treatment is associated with changes in @entity1246 (A) receptor and in related signalling systems in @entity1 . These changes may be part of the mechanism of clinically effective drug action and may prove to be biomarkers of pharmacological response.

title: SSRI augmentation of antipsychotic alters expression of @entity1246 (A) receptor and related genes in PMC of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Exercising muscle releases @entity650 ( @entity650 ), but the mechanisms controlling this process are poorly understood. This study was performed to test the hypothesis that the @entity650 release differs in arm and leg muscle during whole-body exercise, owing to differences in muscle metabolism. Sixteen subjects (10 @entity1 and six @entity1 , with body mass index 24    1 kg m(-2) and peak @entity26 uptake 3.4    0.6 l @entity1009 )) performed a 90 min combined arm and leg cycle exercise at 60% of maximal @entity26 uptake. The subjects arrived at the laboratory having fasted overnight, and catheters were placed in the femoral artery and vein and in the subclavian vein. @entity455 was sampled and arm and leg blood flow were measured by thermodilution. Lean limb mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorbtiometry scanning. Before and after exercise, biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis and deltoideus. During exercise, @entity650 release was similar between @entity1 and @entity1 and higher (P < 0.05) from arms than legs (1.01    0.42 and 0.33    0.12 ng @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1), respectively). Blood flow (425    36 and 554    35 ml @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) and @entity844 uptake (26    7 and 47    7  mol @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) were lower, @entity413 uptake similar (51    12 and 41    8 mmol @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) and @entity880 release higher (82    32 and -2    12  mol @entity1009 ) (kg lean limb mass)(-1)) in arms than legs, respectively, during exercise (P < 0.05). No correlations were present between @entity650 release and exogenous substrate uptakes. Muscle glycogen was similar in arms and legs before exercise (388    22 and 428    25 mmol (kg dry weight)(-1)), but after exercise it was only significantly lower in the leg (219    29 mmol (kg dry weight)(-1)). The novel finding of a markedly higher @entity650 release from the exercising arm compared with the leg during whole-body exercise was not directly correlated to release or uptake of exogenous substrate, nor to muscle glycogen utilization.

title: XXXX release is higher across arm than leg muscles during whole-body exercise.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['During exercise, arterial and venous limb blood']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity650 :: (3569,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-6']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The primary aim of our meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (c-tDCS) on sensory and @entity158 thresholds ( @entity24873 and @entity461 ) in healthy individuals and @entity158 level (PL) in @entity1 with @entity1118 . Electronic databases were searched for c-tDCS studies. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro and Downs and Black (D_B) assessment tools. C-tDCS of the primary motor cortex (S1) increases both @entity24873 (P<0.001, effect size of 26.84%) and @entity461 (P<0.001, effect size of 11.62%). In addition, c-tDCS over M1 led to @entity24873 increase (P<0.005, effect size of 30.44%). Likewise, PL decreased significantly in the @entity1 group following application of c-tDCS. The small number of studies precluded subgroup analysis. Nevertheless, meta-analysis showed that in all groups (except c-tDCS of S1) active c-tDCS and sham stimulation produced significant differences in @entity24873 / @entity461 in healthy and PL in @entity1 group. This review provides evidence for the site-specific effectiveness of c-tDCS in increasing @entity24873 / @entity461 in healthy individuals and decreasing PL in @entity1 with @entity1118 . However, due to small sample sizes in the included studies, our results should be interpreted with caution. Given that the level of blinding was not considered in the inclusion criteria, the results of the current study should be interpreted with caution.

title: A Meta-Analysis of Site-Specific Effects of Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Sensory Perception and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted @entity384 with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected @entity1 with @entity1146 and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). BACKGROUND: @entity1 with PA-IVS who have mild to moderate @entity509 of the right ventricle (RV) and patent infundibulum have the greatest potential for complete biventricular circulation. The use of RF or laser wires to perforate the atretic valve followed by @entity384 provides an alternative to surgery. METHODS: Between May 1990 and March 1998, 33 selected @entity1 underwent either percutaneous @entity384 (group 1, n = 21; two crossed over to group 2) or surgical valvotomy with concomitant BT shunt (group 2, n = 14). Second RV decompression by @entity384 or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction were performed if necessary. @entity1 who remained cyanosed were subjected to transcatheter trial closure of the interatrial communication. Partial biventricular repair was offered to those with inadequate growth of the RV. RESULTS: The primary procedure was successful in 19 @entity1 in group 1. There was one in-hospital death and two late deaths. Of the remaining 16 survivors, 12 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 7 of whom required no further interventions. Two @entity1 required repeat @entity384 , 1 RVOT reconstruction and 2 transcatheter closure of interatrial communication. Two @entity1 underwent partial biventricular repair. In group 2, there were 3 in-hospital deaths after the primary procedure and 1 @entity1 died four months later. All survivors (n = 10) required a second RV decompression, 8 by @entity384 and 2 by RVOT reconstruction, after which, two @entity1 died. Of the final 8 survivors, 7 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 5 after coil occlusion of the BT shunt and 2 after closure of interatrial communication. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency @entity384 is more efficacious and safe compared with closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in selected @entity1 with PA-IVS.

title: @entity1146 with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted XXXX versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['RF valvotomy and balloon dilation', 'balloon dilation', 'valvotomy and balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['valvotomy and balloon dilation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 following solid organ transplantation have an increased risk of developing de novo @entity150 , but their biology is poorly characterized. METHODS: We studied 1743 @entity1 who underwent a transurethral resection of a newly diagnosed @entity150 at a single institution. The histopathology, treatment, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were evaluated and compared between transplant and non-transplant @entity1 . RESULTS: We identified 74 transplant @entity1 who developed a de novo @entity150 after a median post-transplantation interval of 62  months. The @entity5 was malignant in 29 @entity1 (39  %). The most common benign lesion was @entity652 (84  %), which neither coexisted with nor developed into @entity5 during follow-up. Compared with non-transplant @entity1 (n  =  1669), transplant @entity1 were significantly younger (median 55 vs 69  years, P  <  0.001) and had a 9.0-fold higher odds of @entity5 (P  <  0.001), while there were no differences in pathology among @entity1 with @entity189 of the bladder (UCB). In a multivariable analysis for non-muscle-invasive UCB that was adjusted for the risk group, @entity1 with a transplant had a 1.8-fold increased risk of recurrence (P  =  0.048). Four of five transplant @entity1 did not respond to Bacillus Calmette-Gu  rin instillations. There were no differences in overall survival after radical cystectomy (P  =  0.87). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity150 in transplant @entity1 are benign, and they neither coexist with nor develop into @entity5 . Transplant @entity1 with non-muscle-invasive UCB show an increased risk of disease recurrence, while those treated with radical cystectomy have similar outcomes to @entity1 without a transplant.

title: Histopathology and prognosis of de novo XXXX following solid organ transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nephrogenic adenoma']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumors']


abstract: Several cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are expressed in the @entity1 lung, where they participate in metabolic inactivation and activation of numerous exogenous and endogenous compounds. In this study, the expression pattern of all known xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP genes was characterized in the @entity1 alveolar type II cell-derived A549 @entity420 cell line using qualitative reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In addition, the mechanisms of induction by chemicals of members in the @entity4187 and @entity5322 subfamilies were assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of CYPs 1A1, 1B1, 2B6, 2C, 2E1, 3A5, and 3A7 was detected in the A549 cells. The amounts of mRNAs of CYPs 1A2, 2A6, 2A7, 2A13, 2F1, 3A4, and 4B1 were below the limit of detection. @entity1300 ( @entity1300 ) induced @entity4187 and @entity4188 mRNAs 56-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively. @entity5396 was induced 8-fold by @entity619 and 11-fold by @entity109 . @entity5322 was not induced by any of the typical @entity5322 inducers used. The @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity670 and the protein kinase C inhibitor @entity866 blocked @entity1300 -elicited induction of @entity4187 , but they did not affect @entity4188 induction. Protein phosphatase inhibitors @entity18398 and @entity29478 enhanced @entity1300 -induction of @entity4188 slightly, but had negligible effects on @entity4187 induction. These results suggest that @entity4187 and @entity4188 are differentially regulated in @entity1 pulmonary epithelial cells and give the first indication of the induction of @entity5396 by glucocorticoids in @entity1 lung cells. These results establish that having retained several characteristics of @entity1 lung epithelial cell CYP expression, the A549 lung cell line is a valuable model for mechanistic studies on induction of the pulmonary CYP system.

title: Induction and regulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450s in the XXXX A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line.

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity29478 :: ('MESH:C059041', 'Chemical') :: ['calyculin A']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity1300 :: ('MESH:D013749', 'Chemical') :: ['TCDD', '2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to assess sexual function, @entity1316 and self esteem in @entity1 who were surgically treated for @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective, blind, cross sectional study. SETTING: Single tertiary @entity5 center. @entity1 : 4 @entity1 who were operated on Istanbul University Cerrahpasa School of Medicine Otorhinolaryngology Department between 2008 and 2012 were classified according to the type of the operation as total laryngectomy (Group 1) and partial laryngectomy (Group 2). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity250 , @entity308 and self esteem were evaluated with The Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), Beck's @entity308 Inventory (BDI) and @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) respectively. RESULTS: Average ASEX scores of the group 1 was (13,98    6,32) and group 2 was (13,08    4,96) without statistically significant difference (p=0,537). Mean BDI score of group 1 was (13,20    10,41) higher than group 2 (7,76    8,14) and the difference was significant statistically (p=0,026). Mean @entity2653 scores of group 1 and group 2 were 20,68    5,33 and 19,25    4,70 respectively again without significant difference (p=0,262). However, when the average scores of each item of Rosenberg Scale were compared, significant difference was found in d4 (2,37    0,78; 1,64    0,99; p=0,001), d6 (1,22    1,05; 1,84    1,14; p=0,023), d10 (2,55    2,39; 1,28    1,49; p=0,018) and d11 (1,35    0,95; 2,00    1,41; p=0,021). BDI scores were correlated with @entity2653 scores and ASEX scores were correlated with age. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 with total laryngectomy seem to have more psychological problems that must be addressed in the postoperative period. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX , self esteem and sexual function in @entity5 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['RSES', 'Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorders']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: A case of dural @entity7026 manifested during pregnancy was reported. On December 28, 1979, a 28-year-old primipara, suddenly developed @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 at the 8th month of her pregnancy and soon after became unconscious. She was transferred by ambulance to our hospital. On admission she was @entity772 exhibiting @entity2003 . The blood pressure was 126/76 mmHg and the pulse rate 97 per minute and regular. Right pupil was dilated and did not react to light. CT scan revealed a subdural @entity1410 on the right side and @entity1779 in the right middle fossa. Angiography demonstrated a dural @entity7026 in the right anterior middle fossa fed by the middle meningeal artery. @entity1211 consisted of the superficial sylvian vein directed toward the superior sagittal sinus. The @entity1 was in no @entity558 , so we only removed subdural @entity1410 , decompressed externally and ligated the external carotid artery. The postoperative course was uneventful, the anisocoria was diminished, and the consciousness improved up to @entity911 , but the @entity1269 remained. Two months later a 2,760g baby @entity1 was born by Caesarean section without accident. But two weeks later, suddenly she had generalized @entity410 and became @entity772 . CT scan revealed an @entity1779 in the middle fossa again. Second operation was performed, and the nidus was electrocoagulated and removed together with the @entity1410 . The postoperative course was also uneventful. At present, one and a half years after operation, no symptom of recurrence is observed. @entity1779 and dural @entity7026 in pregnancy were discussed and the reports in the literature were reviewed.

title: [A case of dural XXXX during pregnancy (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good condition']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['decerebrate rigidity']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['Intracerebral hemorrhage', 'intracerebral hematoma']

answer: @entity7026 :: (MESH:D002538,Disease) :: ['AVM']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our long-term goal is to develop a nonsurgical method of @entity432 for the purpose of permanent contraception. We have previously demonstrated that transcervical administration of 5% @entity5324 foam (PF) can create @entity432 in macaques but that multiple treatments are required. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of various regimens of PF with and without @entity11796 ( @entity12135 ) (to control ovarian cycle phase) in the @entity3474 . STUDY DESIGN: Adult cycling female @entity6599 were evaluated for tubal patency by hysterosalpingography and then received a transcervical infusion of PF with (+) or without (-) an intramuscular injection of @entity12135 (3.5 mg/kg). Two concentrations of PF were compared: 1% [(+) @entity12135 , n=5; (-) @entity12135 , n=3] and 5% [(+) @entity12135 , n=4; (-) @entity12135 , n=3]. Controls received (+) @entity12135 (n=2) or (-) @entity12135 , (n=3) only. The reproductive tracts were removed 1-3 months after treatment for examination. RESULTS: No @entity432 was observed in negative controls (  @entity12135 ). Histologic complete @entity432 was observed in 3/8 of females treated with 1% PF and in 6/7 treated with 5% PF. Histologic evaluation suggested that 1% PF is associated with @entity1162 (more than 2-3 months), while 5% treatment eliminates the epithelial lining, at least focally, and resolves into complete occlusion within 1-2 months. This pattern of complete occlusion was seen in all 4 females that received 5% PF (+ @entity12135 ) and in 2/3 that received 5% PF (- @entity12135 ). CONCLUSION: In a @entity3474 model of transcervical permanent contraception, a single treatment with 5% PF resulted in complete @entity432 more reliably (85%) than 1% PF (38%). Cotreatment with @entity12135 may improve treatment results with 5% PF but requires additional study. IMPLICATIONS: A finding that a single transcervical treatment with 5% PF can occlude the fallopian tubes of @entity3474 supports further study of this approach as a novel strategy for permanent contraception for @entity1 .

title: Characterization of XXXX after transcervical @entity5324 foam (PF) infusion in @entity6599 .

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['depomedroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity5324 :: ('MESH:C008976', 'Chemical') :: ['polidocanol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tubal occlusion', 'fallopian tubal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged chronic inflammation']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['tubal occlusion']


abstract: When @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are placed on various surfaces, they attach and spread rapidly, increasing their diameter severalfold. The spreading is associated with extensive changes in the cytoskeleton. Since many cytoskeletal events are regulated by @entity141 , we measured the cytosolic free @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in individual @entity1 PMN as they spread. [ @entity141 ]i was measured in single cells by microspectrofluorometry using the fluorescent @entity141 -sensitive dye @entity593 . Immediately before spreading, PMN exhibit a rapid increase in [ @entity141 ]i, from 69 +/- 51 nM to 547 +/- 190 nM (mean +/- SD, n = 12). [ @entity141 ]i returns to near resting levels during the next minute, as the cells spread. Neither the spreading nor the [ @entity141 ]i spike is blocked by removal of extracellular @entity460 , by @entity1855 , by calmodulin antagonists, or by mitochondrial or microtubule poisons. Spreading, but not the [ @entity141 ]i increase, is blocked by the microfilament inhibitor cytochalasin B. Both spreading and the [ @entity141 ]i spike are blocked by @entity855 depletion and reversibly blocked by placing the cells in medium containing hypertonic sucrose or @entity2827 . These data strongly suggest that an increase in [ @entity141 ]i, derived from nonmitochondrial intracellular pools, plays an important role in the microfilament-mediated process of PMN spreading.

title: Spreading of XXXX neutrophils is immediately preceded by a large increase in cytoplasmic free @entity460 .

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity4854 is frequent in @entity3124 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity413 control with @entity8446 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity8446 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity95 received a @entity130 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity1602 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity413 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity8446 infusion, whereas in the @entity1602 group blood @entity413 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity130 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity8446 after severe @entity130 to a large extent prevented @entity353 , @entity8193 , and @entity2753 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity32 and stress-induced @entity24863 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity520 , excessive @entity32 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity8446 therapy on outcome of @entity3124 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress XXXX in a @entity95 model of prolonged @entity3124 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Stress hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine suicide rates, sociodemographic risk factors, and reasons for suicide attempts. METHODS: This hospital based, retrospective study consisted of 1613 suicide attempts brought to the emergency services of 8 state hospitals in Hatay, @entity233 from January 2007 to December 2009. We obtained the data by retrospective analysis of @entity1 record forms including information on age, gender, education level, marital status, occupation, reason for suicide, method of suicide, presence of previous @entity146 in the @entity1 or family, previous suicidal behavior in the @entity1 or family. We obtained current population data of the province from the Turkish State Institute of Statistics. Chi-Square test, and percentage distribution was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of females (23.9+/-7.9) was lower than males (26.6+/-9.7). The mean annual rate of attempted suicides per 100,000 was 38.14 (16.11 in males, 60.42 in females). The rate decreased as the age increased, and was highest in the 15-24 age group, in @entity1 , in non-married @entity1 , and in the individuals with high school education. Self-poisoning with a drug @entity1445 was the most common method, and domestic conflicts were the most common reason. @entity146 history in the family or @entity1 , and suicide attempt in the family were risk factors associated with repeated suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: The suicide attempt rate was lower than in many western countries, and similar to previous studies in @entity233 . The risk of recurrence in suicide attempts is high, and is associated with psychosocial factors.

title: Epidemiology of attempted suicide in Hatay, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric disease', 'psychiatric disease']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic value (sensitivity, specificity) of positron emission mammography (PEM) in a single site non-interventional study using the maximum PEM uptake value (PUVmax). @entity1 , METHODS: In a singlesite, non-interventional study, 108 @entity1 (107 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with a total of 151 suspected lesions were scanned with a PEM Flex Solo II (Naviscan) at 90 min p.i. with 3.5 MBq 18F-FDG per kg of body weight. In this ROI(region of interest)-based analysis, maximum PEM uptake value (PUV) was determined in lesions, @entity5 (PUVmaxtumour), benign lesions (PUVmaxnormal breast) and also in healthy tissues on the contralateral side (PUVmaxcontralateral breast). These values were compared and contrasted. In addition, the ratios of PUVmaxtumour   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast and PUVmaxnormal breast   /   PUVmaxcontralateral breast were compared. The image data were interpreted independently by two experienced nuclear medicine physicians and compared with histology in cases of suspected @entity189 . RESULTS: Based on a criteria of PUV>1.9, 31 out of 151 lesions in the @entity1 cohort were found to be malignant (21%). A mean PUVmaxtumour of 3.78    2.47 was identified in @entity5 , while a mean PUVmaxnormal breast of 1.17    0.37 was reported in the glandular tissue of the healthy breast, with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean ratio between @entity5 and healthy glandular tissue in @entity0 @entity1 (3.15    1.58) was found to be significantly higher than the ratio for benign lesions (1.17    0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: PEM is capable of differentiating @entity0 from benign lesions with 100% sensitivity along with a high specificity of 96%, when a threshold of PUVmax >1.9 is applied.

title: Positron emission mammography in the diagnosis of XXXX . Is maximum PEM uptake value a valuable threshold for malignant @entity0 detection?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'man']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumours', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term effects of ganglionated plexi ablation on electrophysiological characteristics and neuron remodeling in target atrial tissues remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity235 in group 1 (control, n=8) were not subjected to ganglionated plexi ablation and observed for 1 month, and @entity235 in groups 2 to 4 (ablation groups, n=8 each) underwent ablation of the right-sided ganglionated plexi and observed for 1, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Atrial electrophysiological characteristics were examined before ablation, immediately and continuously after ablation. Target atrial tissues were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Atrial effective refractory period was significantly prolonged immediately after ablation (P<0.001), and persisted for 1 month (P<0.05). Nerve densities decreased 1 month after ablation (P<0.001). These parameters reverted to preablation levels after 6 and 12 months. In the ablation groups, @entity955 was induced in 5 of 8 @entity235 after 1 month and in all animals after 6 and 12 months. @entity955 was not observed in the control group and in the experimental groups immediately after ablation. Moreover, the expression of the @entity22104 was upregulated after ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Ganglionated plexi ablation effectively prolonged atrial effective refractory period for a short period, but the long-term effects on atrial effective refractory period and the suppression of @entity955 induction were not persistent. Targeted @entity528 may be an important mechanism underlying the observed electrophysiological changes.

title: Long-Term Effects of Ganglionated Plexi Ablation on Electrophysiological Characteristics and Neuron Remodeling in Target Atrial Tissues in a XXXX Model.

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['atrial neuron remodeling']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'Atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Canine']


abstract: Oral @entity134 treatment is the first line of therapy for childhood @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ). Nonetheless, some @entity1 are resistant to this treatment. Many efforts have been made to explain the differences in the response to @entity134 treatment in @entity1 with @entity1985 based on the genetic background. We have investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms of the @entity1262 [ @entity7656 ( @entity18595 ), @entity18596 ( @entity18597 ), and @entity18598 ( @entity18599 )] and @entity6785 ( @entity13842 , @entity40609 ) genes in 170 @entity1 with @entity1985 . Of these @entity1 , 69 (40.6%) were initial @entity134 non-responders, and 23 (13.5% of total) developed @entity740 . Renal biopsy findings, which were available for 101 @entity1 , showed that 35 @entity1 had minimal change lesion and 66 had @entity628 . The frequencies of the @entity1262 1236 CC (18.8 vs 7.2%) or TC (53.5 vs 43.5%) genotype and C allele (45.5 vs 29.0%) were significantly higher in the initial @entity134 responders than in the non-responders. Analysis of @entity1262 three-marker haplotypes revealed that the frequency of the TGC haplotype was significantly lower in the initial @entity134 responders than in the non-responders (15.8 vs 29.0%). There was no association between the @entity6785 @entity13842 polymorphism and clinical parameters, renal histological findings, and @entity134 responsiveness. These data suggest that the initial @entity134 response in @entity1 with @entity1985 may be influenced by genetic variations in the @entity1262 gene.

title: Polymorphisms of the @entity1262 and XXXX genes in @entity1 with @entity1985 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity6785 :: (4282,Gene) :: ['MIF']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate alterations in protein kinases and phosphatases that regulate the activity of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ). BACKGROUND: In vacuolated fibers in @entity5589 , several studies reported upregulation of the @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ) subclass of MAPK family. Whereas MAPK kinases (MKK) activate MAPK, MAPK phosphatases (MKP) inactivate MAPK. @entity14520 is involved in muscle fiber differentiation and it is downregulated during myotube formation. METHODS: Immunolocalization of @entity12363 through @entity33644 and @entity14520 to @entity34113 was tested in muscle specimens from 10 @entity1 with @entity5589 and controls. RESULTS: In @entity5589 , strong and focal deposits of @entity14520 were observed in vacuolated fibers. The @entity14520 -positive deposits were colocalized with @entity3963 . @entity21323 , @entity34113 , and MKK were not associated with vacuolated fibers. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity5589 , @entity14520 is abnormally induced in vacuolated fibers probably to inactivate @entity3963 . Although direct activators other than those tested in the current study might induce @entity3963 , the absence of activation of MKK suggests that the aggregation of @entity3963 protein itself causes the seeming upregulation of the protein kinase in @entity5589 . Like @entity3963 and its nuclear substrate, @entity14520 is an enzyme that forms aggregates in vacuolated fibers and is involved in myogenesis.

title: @entity14520 is induced in abnormal fibers in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['IBM', 'sporadic inclusion body myositis']

answer: @entity5589 :: (MESH:D018979,Disease) :: ['inclusion body myositis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The protective roles of metallothioneins (MT) against metal @entity137 suggest that MT may have a functional role in @entity900 resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MT in specimens of @entity2971 and compare it with clinical sensitivity to @entity900 based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue blocks of primary GCT specimens obtained from 39 @entity1 were examined immunohistochemically for MT expression. Staining intensity was evaluated according to the percentage of MT positive cells and graded as [-], [+] and [++]. The staining characteristics were compared with the clinical response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity5 , 3 evidenced no MT expression while 26 and 10 specimens showed [+] and [++] staining, respectively. Although @entity4797 tend to stain weaker than @entity4797 , the difference of staining between them was not significant (p = 0.19). Of the 39 @entity1 , 23 underwent @entity900 based chemotherapy. Of those, 6 progressed and 17 achieved complete remission. Of the non-responders, 5 showed [+] and 1 showed [++] staining. Six of the responders showed [+], 10 had [++] and 1 showed no staining. No association was found between MT staining and chemo-sensitivity (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: MT expression in primary @entity2971 did not differ between responding and non-responding @entity1 and therefore may not be useful in predicting response to chemotherapy.

title: Association of metallothionein expression and clinical response to XXXX based chemotherapy in testicular @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'non-seminomas']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The excitable gap of a reentrant circuit has both temporal (time during the cycle length that the circuit is excitable) and spatial (length of the circuit that is excitable at a given time) properties. We determined the temporal and spatial properties of the excitable gap in reentrant circuits caused by nonuniform anisotropy. @entity583 was produced in @entity235 hearts by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Four days later, reentrant circuits were mapped in the epicardial border zone of the @entity1188 with a multielectrode array during sustained @entity1165 induced by programmed stimulation. During @entity591 , premature impulses were initiated by stimulation at sites around and in the reentrant circuits, and their conduction characteristics in the circuit were mapped. All circuits had a temporal excitable gap in at least part of the circuit, which allowed premature impulses to enter the circuit. Completely and partially excitable segments of the temporal gap were identified by measuring conduction velocity of the premature impulses; conduction was equal to the native reentrant wave front in completely excitable regions and slower than the reentrant wave front in partially excitable regions. In some circuits, a temporal gap existed throughout the circuit, permitting the entire circuit to be reset over a range of premature coupling intervals, although the size of the gap varied at different sites. In other circuits, the gap became so small at local sites that even though premature impulses could enter the circuit, the circuit could not be reset. Premature impulses could terminate reentry in circuits that could be reset or not. We also found a significant spatial gap, which was identified by determining the distance between the head of the circulating wave front, which could be located on the activation map, and its tail, which was the site most distal from the head as located by the site of entry of the premature wave front into the circuit. The spatial gap could also vary in different parts of the circuit. Therefore, nonuniform anisotropic reentrant circuits have both a temporal and spatial excitable gap with fully and partially excitable components that change in different parts of the circuit.

title: Characteristics of the temporal and spatial excitable gap in anisotropic reentrant circuits causing sustained XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['ventricular tachycardia']


abstract: In the authors' institute 1097 @entity1 received treatment for @entity43 between the 1st of January, 1960 and the 31st of December, 1997. 92 of them had @entity722 . In this study the link between ovulation induction therapy and @entity43 was analyzed with retrospective questionnaire. 236 questionnaires were shared out among @entity1 with @entity43 , who were treated between 1990 and 1997. 7 of 113 @entity1 , who gave correct answers to the questions (6.2%) received ovulation induction therapy. @entity43 developed in 2 of the cases during, and in 5 cases just 6-16 years after the @entity4082 - @entity1792 treatment. None of the 45 @entity1 with granulosa cell @entity5 received induction therapy. The number of @entity1 admitted because of @entity43 before and after the induction therapy was also compared. There was no significant increase in the occurrence of the @entity5 . Since 1986 in the in vitro fertilization program of the clinic nearly 1,500 @entity1 were treated with effected ovulation induction drugs causing superovulation. The authors don't know of any development of @entity43 , and 732 @entity1 have confirmed this fact. The number of @entity1 deceased in consequence of @entity43 in different age groups, and the distribution of the @entity1 population in every age group in Hungary, from the year of 1979 was also analyzed. There was no significant increase found in the number of deceased among the studied age groups, moreover a significant decrease among them could be observed. The link between ovulation induction therapy and @entity43 can neither be strengthen, nor deny by the result of the study, however the close relationship which seemed to be logical can be queried. To give an exact answer for the question a vast, long-term, prospective of retrospective follow-up case-control study is needed.

title: [Ovulation induction therapy and malignant XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'Epithelial ovarian cancer', 'malignant ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity722 :: ('MESH:D006106', 'Disease') :: ['malignant granulosa cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity5379 ( @entity1476 and @entity1495 ) preferentially degrade the basement membrane, a key step in @entity5 invasion, @entity3 , and induction of vascularization of @entity5 tissue. AIM: To determine @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions in @entity14 from Iraqi @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty archived paraffin-embedded @entity14 samples and their resection margins were enrolled in our study. Thin paraffin embedded sections (3-5  m thick) of both @entity5 and resection margins were prepared for each respective biopsy and were used to detect @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions based on in situ hybridization technique. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analyses were conducted to describe different variables and parameters in this research, and to describe relationships with each other as well. For the comparisons, the t test of significance was used. The associations were found by chi-square (  2 ) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests, or as appropriate, as well as 95% confidence interval. The correlations were calculated using correlation coefficient (r). Statistical significance was defined as P < 0.05. RESULTS: Based on the current outcome, there were significant differences in @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions when each @entity5 sample were compared to its respective resection margin (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When @entity5 samples were analyzed based on their depth of invasion, means of in situ mRNA expressions of both @entity1476 and @entity1495 were significantly increased in the group in which @entity5 invaded submucosa into muscularis properia (SMP) compared to that of @entity5 in serosa (SE) group and @entity5 invading other organs (OR) group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, when @entity5 lymph node @entity3 were questioned, exclusively, @entity1476 in situ mRNA expression was significantly differentiated among N0, N1, and N2 groups (P < 0.05). Regarding the possible correlation between the two investigated parameters with respect to various histopathological variables, both @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions have significant positive correlation in @entity5 samples (r = 0.88), whereas in resection margins, this correlation was absent. Interestingly, @entity1476 and @entity1495 in situ mRNA expressions were found to correlate positively as well as significantly within @entity5 differentiation [ @entity3271 ( @entity3271 ) @entity420 : r = 0.78; @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) @entity420 : r = 0.90; and poorly differentiated (PD) @entity420 : r = 0.91], @entity5 stage (A-B: r = 0.70 and C-D: r = 0.95), depth of invasion (SMP: r = 0.77; SE: r = 0.87; and OR: r = 0.97), lymph node @entity3 (N0: r = 0.82; N1: r = 0.92; and N2: r = 0.96), and @entity5 size (<3 mm 3 : r = 0.76 versus >= 3 mm3: r = 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity1476 and @entity1495 are often associated with increased invasive metastatic potential of @entity14 . However, their activities are essential during the early stages of @entity5 progression.

title: @entity5379 in situ mRNA expression in XXXX from Iraqi @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity5379 :: ('4313;4318', 'Gene') :: ['CONTEXT: Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['moderately differentiated', 'MD']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinoma', 'colorectal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['well-differentiated', 'WD']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Manikins and simulated @entity1 (SPs) are commonly used in health care education and assessment. SPs appear to offer a more realistic experience for learners than 'plastic' manikins, and might be expected to engender interactions that approximate real clinical practice more closely. The analyses of linguistic patterns and touch are methodologies that could be used to explore this hypothesis. Our research aims were: (1) to compare verbal interactions and the use of procedural touch by @entity283 ( @entity283 ) in scenarios with SPs and with manikins; and (2) to evaluate the methodologies used to inform a large-scale study. METHODS: We conducted a pilot preliminary comparative study on conversations and touch in two scenarios in emergency care training, each performed using an SP and a high-fidelity manikin. The setting was a simulation centre. Two scripted acute-care scenarios ( @entity662 and acute @entity1353 ) were performed using both an SP and a high-fidelity manikin. Audiovisual recordings were subsequently analysed. Two teams comprising a clinician (medical student), a senior nurse and a clinical support worker took part in the study. The linguistics research methodology integrated a multimodal corpus-based approach and discourse analysis. Simulated @entity1 appear  to offer  a more realistic experience for  learners than 'plastic' manikins RESULTS: Overall, @entity283 had far more interactions with the SPs than with the manikins, and the utterances and behaviours were more akin to what one would expect in real clinical practice. @entity283 used procedural touch without the @entity1 's permission much more frequently with the manikin. DISCUSSION: These methodologies offer opportunities for further research projects studying interactions with SPs, manikins and real clinical practice.

title: Simulated XXXX versus manikins in acute-care scenarios.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care workers', 'HCWs']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: CONTEXT: Overall, 4-10% of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) present with @entity5 thrombus. It is uncertain which surgical technique is best for these @entity1 . Appraisal of outcomes with differing techniques would guide practice. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review relevant literature comparing the outcomes of different surgical therapies and approaches in treating vena caval thrombus (VCT) from nonmetastatic @entity1358 . EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Relevant databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) were searched to identify relevant comparative studies. Risk of bias and confounding assessments were performed. A narrative synthesis of the evidence was presented. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The literature search identified 824 articles. Fourteen studies reporting on 2262 @entity1 were included. No distinct surgical method was superior for the excision of VCT, although the method appeared to be dependent on @entity5 thrombus level. Minimal access techniques appeared to have better perioperative and recovery outcomes than traditional median sternotomy, but the impact on oncologic outcomes is unknown. @entity8 did not offer any oncologic benefits and instead resulted in significantly worse perioperative and recovery outcomes, including possibly higher perioperative mortality. The comparison of cardiopulmonary bypass versus no cardiopulmonary bypass showed no differences in oncologic outcomes. Overall, there were high risks of bias and confounding. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base, although derived from retrospective case series and complemented by expert opinion, suggests that @entity1 with nonmetastatic @entity1358 and VCT and acceptable performance status should be considered for surgical intervention. Despite a robust review, the findings were associated with uncertainty due to the poor quality of primary studies available. The most efficacious surgical technique remains unclear. @entity1 SUMMARY: We examined the literature on the benefits of @entity703 that have spread to neighbouring veins. The results suggest such surgery, although challenging and associated with high risk of complications, appears to be feasible and effective and should be contemplated for suitable @entity1 if possible; however, many uncertainties remain due to the poor quality of the data.

title: Systematic Review of Surgical Management of Nonmetastatic XXXX with Vena Caval Thrombus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Preoperative renal artery embolisation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['venous tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['surgery to remove kidney cancers']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['Renal Cell Carcinoma']


abstract: In the @entity19 the maturation of mononuclear phagocytes was followed by comparing the ultrastructural pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity (PA) at different time points during an acute @entity298 induced with newborn calf serum (NCS). Exudate macrophages demonstrate PA only in lysosomes, whereas resident macrophages have reaction product in the nuclear envelope (NE) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). Transitional cells called "exudate-resident" macrophages have PA in the NE, @entity1893 , and some virginal lysosomes. In addition, peroxidase-negative macrophages were also present. A monoclonal antibody, @entity11496 , that specifically recognizes a @entity19 macrophage differentiation antigen (Austyn and Gordon, 1981) was used in this study. To compare the indirect immunoperoxidase labeling of this antigen and the endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry on the cellular level, a combined method was developed. Finally, the method was applied to the peritoneal cells at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of NCS in @entity19 . The relative numbers of cells demonstrating the different patterns of endogenous PA and the proportions of each subpopulation expressing @entity11496 antigen were estimated. It appeared that the expression of the antigen @entity11496 coincides with the development of the resident pattern of PA. It is therefore concluded that the macrophages with the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidase are derived from monocyte-like exudate macrophages. In addition, the results indicate that both exudate-resident macrophages and at least a part of the peroxidase-negative macrophages are transitional forms.

title: The development of the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity in @entity19 peritoneal macrophages coincides with the expression of the differentiation antigen XXXX . A combined method for immunoperoxidase labeling and endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity11496 :: (13733(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['F4/80']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelets (PLTs) stored at 22  C accumulate microparticles and biologic response modifiers (BRMs) that induce inflammatory reactions in transfusion recipients. However, soluble BRMs are fully diluted in the recipient's blood circulation. The mechanisms by which BRMs exert their effects have not been elucidated. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of PLT microparticles (PMPs) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-mediated @entity1 pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC) damage and determine the role of soluble @entity2936 ligand (sCD40L). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: PMPs were isolated from apheresis PLT concentrates. We used a two-insult in vitro model of @entity358 to investigate the effects of @entity25982 and sCD40L and role of @entity12824 , an inhibitor of PMN respiratory burst. Their priming activities were measured using @entity273 production. The expression of @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) and integrin aM ( @entity9536 ) were also determined. RESULTS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated @entity358 and PMN respiratory burst depend on the presence of @entity25982 and the concentration of sCD40L. @entity25982 -induced PMN-mediated @entity358 was significantly reduced by @entity12824 -treated PMNs (p   <   0.05). The surface expression of @entity2071 on HMVEC was increased by LPS stimulation. The expression of @entity9536 on PMNs was increased by @entity25982 priming. Blocking @entity2071 with a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) @entity2071 significantly reduced @entity358 (p   <   0.05). The treatment of endothelial cells but not PMN with a MoAb targeting @entity2936 failed to prevent the @entity358 caused by PMPs (p   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: PMPs carry a concentrated @entity11603 signal, promote PMN-mediated @entity358 , and may affect the development of transfusion-related @entity647 .

title: Platelet-derived microparticles induce polymorphonuclear leukocyte-mediated damage of XXXX pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['HMVEC damage']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'CD54', 'intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The study of brain networks by resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) is a promising method for identifying @entity1 with @entity303 from @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Using graph theory, different aspects of the brain network can be efficiently characterized by calculating measures of integration and segregation. In this study, we combined a graph theoretical approach with advanced machine learning methods to study the brain network in 89 @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ), 34 @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and 45 age-matched @entity23 . The rs-fMRI connectivity matrix was constructed using a brain parcellation based on a 264 putative functional areas. Using the optimal features extracted from the graph measures, we were able to accurately classify three groups (i.e., @entity23 , @entity73 , and @entity195 ) with accuracy of 88.4  %. We also investigated performance of our proposed method for a binary classification of a group (e.g., @entity73 ) from two other groups (e.g., @entity23 and @entity195 ). The classification accuracies for identifying @entity23 from @entity195 and @entity73 , @entity195 from @entity23 and @entity73 , and @entity73 from @entity23 and @entity195 , were 87.3, 97.5, and 72.0  %, respectively. In addition, results based on the parcellation of 264 regions were compared to that of the automated anatomical labeling atlas (AAL), consisted of 90 regions. The accuracy of classification of three groups using AAL was degraded to 83.2  %. Our results show that combining the graph measures with the machine learning approach, on the basis of the rs-fMRI connectivity analysis, may assist in diagnosis of @entity195 and @entity73 .

title: Application of advanced machine learning methods on resting-state fMRI network for identification of XXXX and @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: The @entity19 surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes ( @entity71144 ) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and M. Fried, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85:3527-3530, 1988). The heterogeneous 5' ends of @entity71145 and @entity71146 are separated by 15 to 73 base pairs (bp), and the 3' ends of @entity71146 and @entity71147 overlap by 133 bp (T. Williams and M. Fried, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4558-4569, 1986; T. Williams and M. Fried, Nature (London) 322:275-279, 1986). A fourth gene in this locus, @entity71148 , which is a member of a multigene family, has been identified. The poly(A) addition site of @entity71148 lies only 70 bp from the poly(A) addition site of @entity71145 . Transcription of @entity71148 has been studied in the absence of the other members of its multigene family after transfection of a cloned genomic @entity19 DNA fragment, containing the @entity71148 gene, into heterologous monkey cells. @entity71148 specifies a highly expressed 1.0-kilobase mRNA that contains a long open reading frame of 266 @entity1522 , which would encode a highly basic polypeptide (23% @entity534 plus Lys). The other members of the @entity71148 multigene family are predominantly, if not entirely, intronless pseudogenes with the hallmarks of being generated by reverse transcription. The role of the very tight clustering on regulation of expression of the genes in the surfeit locus is discussed.

title: One of the tightly clustered genes of the XXXX surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ) using a three-dimensional pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL). We aimed to study the effects of different post label delay on the resulting CBF maps and to investigate the characteristics and clinical applications of brain perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity195 @entity1 and nineteen healthy control subjects were recruited. 3D PCASL was performed using a 3.0T MR scanner. ASL was performed twice with different @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ). Comparisons of CBF were made between @entity195 @entity1 and healthy control subjects respectively with @entity1005 of 1.5s and @entity1005 of 2.5s. Relationship between the CBF values and cognition was investigated using correlation analysis. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was generated for CBF measurements in posterior cingulate region. RESULT: @entity195 @entity1 with @entity1005 of 1.5s showed lower CBF values primarily in bilateral temporal lobes, precuneus, middle and posterior cingulate gyri, left inferior parietal gyrus, left angular gyrus and left superior frontal gyrus. Lowered cerebral values were also observed in similar regions with @entity1005 of 2.5s, but the clusters of voxel were smaller. CBF values were associated with cognition scores in most of gyri mentioned above. CONCLUSION: Hypoperfusion areas were observed in @entity195 @entity1 . @entity1005 of 1.5s was sufficient to display CBF. Considering the complicated @entity195 pathology, multiple PLDs are strongly recommended.

title: Different post label delay cerebral blood flow measurements in @entity1 with XXXX using 3D arterial spin labeling.

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post label delays', 'PLD']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Schistosome eggs must traverse tissues of the intestine or bladder to escape the @entity1 host and further the life cycle. Escape from host tissues is facilitated by secretion of immuno-reactive molecules by eggs and the formation of an intense strong granulomatous response by the host which acts to exclude the egg into gut or bladder lumens. Schistosome eggs hatch on contact with freshwater, but the mechanisms of activation and hatching are poorly understood. In view of the lack of knowledge of the behaviour of egg hatching in schistosomes, we undertook a detailed dynamic and correlative study of the hatching biology of @entity2042 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Hatching eggs of @entity2043 were studied using correlative light and electron microscopy (EM). The hatching behaviour was recorded by video microscopy. EM preparative methods incorporating high pressure freezing and cryo-substitution were used to investigate ultrastructural features of the miracidium and extra-embryonic envelopes in pre-activated and activated eggs, and immediately after eggshell rupture. Lectin cytochemistry was performed on egg tissues to investigate subcellular location of specific @entity1735 groups. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The hatching of @entity2043 eggs is a striking phenomenon, whereby the larva is liberated explosively while still encapsulated within its sub-shell envelopes. The major alterations that occur in the egg during activation are scission of the outer envelope-eggshell boundary, autolysis of the cellular inner envelope, and likely hydration of abundant complex and simple polysaccharides in the lacunal space between the miracidial larva and surrounding envelopes. These observations on hatching provide insight into the dynamic activity of the eggs and the biology of schistosomes within the host.

title: Correlative and dynamic imaging of the hatching biology of XXXX from eggs prepared by high pressure freezing.

entities_list: @entity2042 :: ('6182', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity2042 :: (6182,Species) :: ['Schistosoma japonicum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome is a recurrent @entity409 that affects up to 23% of @entity1 with normal menstrual cycles and up to 73% with @entity46 . Mechanisms underlying the development of @entity33422 in mares were studied to provide a potential model for @entity1 @entity3206 . The effect of extended increase in circulating @entity35120 achieved by administration of recombinant @entity1641 @entity35120 (reLH) or a short surge of @entity35120 and decrease in @entity1420 induced by @entity22667 ( @entity22667 ) on LUF formation (Experiment 1), identification of an optimal dose of @entity12567 inhibitor ( @entity3258 , FM; to block the effect of @entity2918 ) for inducing LUFs (Experiment 2), and evaluation of intrafollicular endocrine milieu in LUFs (Experiment 3) were investigated. In Experiment 1, mares were treated with reLH from Days 7-15 (Day 0 = ovulation), @entity22667 on Day 7, or in combination. In Experiment 2, FM at doses of 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every 12 h and hCG (1500 IU) were administered after a follicle >= 32 mm was detected. In Experiment 3, FM at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg every 12 h plus hCG was used to induce LUFs and investigate the intrafollicular endocrine milieu. No LUFs were induced by reLH or @entity22667 treatment; however, LUFs were induced in 100% of mares using FM. Intrafollicular @entity22667 metabolite (PGFM), @entity22667 , and @entity1421 were lower and the ratio of @entity1421 : @entity22667 was higher in the Induced LUF group. Higher levels of intrafollicular E2 and total primary sex @entity230 were observed in the Induced LUF group along with a tendency for higher levels of GH, @entity701 , and T; however, @entity35120 , PRL, @entity7 , and NO did not differ between groups. In conclusion, this study reveals part of the intrafollicular endocrine milieu and the association of @entity2918 in LUF formation, and indicates that the mare might be an appropriate model for studying the poorly understood @entity33422 .

title: The mare as a model for luteinized XXXX : intrafollicular endocrine milieu.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['anovulatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity22667 :: ('CHEBI:15553', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2a', 'PGF2a']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity33422 :: ('MESH:C537070', 'Disease') :: ['LUF syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3258 :: ('MESH:C014558', 'Chemical') :: ['flunixin-meglumine']

answer: @entity33422 :: (MESH:C537070,Disease) :: ['unruptured follicle syndrome']


abstract: Gross excision of the @entity5 followed by radiotherapy is used for treatment of early @entity0 . Local recurrence after this form of treatment is uncommon except in @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 whose excision specimens reveal an @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ). It is unclear whether this observation is due to a qualitative difference in the response of @entity5 with @entity2483 to radiation or to a quantitative difference in the @entity5 burden remaining after gross excision in @entity1 with @entity2483 . To address this question, the authors examined pathologic material in 71 @entity1 with infiltrating @entity513 treated with gross excision of the @entity5 and then selected for re-excision of the @entity5 site prior to radiotherapy because of the presence of either @entity2483 in the primary excision specimen or microscopic @entity5 at or close to margins in the initial excision. @entity189 was seen in 62% of all @entity1 but was more frequent among the 25 @entity1 with @entity2483 than the 46 without (88% vs. 48%, P = 0.002). The nature of the @entity41 differed for @entity1 with and without @entity2483 in the primary excision specimen. @entity189 in @entity1 with @entity2483 was often widespread and composed predominantly of @entity3821 . In contrast, @entity41 in @entity1 without @entity2483 usually consisted of only scattered microscopic foci of infiltrating and/or @entity3821 . The authors conclude that @entity1 with @entity2483 treated with gross excision of the @entity5 frequently have considerable residual @entity3821 near the primary site. This finding may account for the increased risk of local recurrence observed in @entity1 with @entity2483 treated without re-excision of the @entity5 site before radiation therapy.

title: Pathologic findings on re-excision of the primary site in @entity0 XXXX considered for treatment by primary radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Residual carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['EIC', 'extensive intraductal component']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157 isolated from @entity1 and @entity291 were analyzed by uni- and multivariable logistic regression, and population structure methods, to gain insight into transmission and the nature of @entity1 @entity281 . Eleven genotyping assays, including PCR typing of five virulence factors ( @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), @entity23345 ), eae, and ehxA) and a lineage-specific polymorphism assay using six markers (LSPA6), were considered in the analyses. The prevalence of the @entity10952 ), @entity23345 ), and @entity23345 ) virulence factors was significantly different between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates. However, multivariable regression revealed that the presence of only the @entity23345 ) gene was significantly associated with @entity1 isolates after controlling for confounding effects. LSPA6 typing demonstrated an apparent difference in the distribution of LSPA6 lineages between @entity1 and @entity291 isolates and a strong association between stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. Population genetics tools identified three genetically distinct clusters of STEC O157. Each cluster was characterized by stx genotypes and LSPA6 genotypes. The @entity1 isolates typically comprised LSPA6 lineage I with @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains and LSPA6 lineage I/II with @entity23345 ) or @entity23345 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected]. In contrast, the @entity291 isolates comprised LSPA6 lineage II strains withstx(2c) or @entity10952 ) @entity23345 ) strains [corrected] in addition to the clusters identified for the @entity1 isolates. Our analyses provide new evidence that the @entity23345 ) gene is the most distinctive feature in @entity1 isolates compared to @entity291 isolates in Japan, and only a subset of the genetically diverse population isolated from @entity291 is involved in @entity1 illnesses. Our results may contribute to international comparisons and risk assessments of STEC O157.

title: Multivariate analyses revealed distinctive features differentiating @entity1 and XXXX isolates of Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 O157 in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identification of genetic markers of antihypertensive drug responses could assist in individualization of @entity101 treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a genome-wide association study to identify gene loci influencing the responsiveness of 228 male @entity1 to 4 classes of antihypertensive drugs. The Genetics of Drug Responsiveness in Essential @entity101 (GENRES) study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study where each subject received @entity3591 , @entity2179 , @entity918 , and @entity9886 , each as a monotherapy, in a randomized order. Replication analyses were performed in 4 studies with @entity1 of European ancestry (PEAR Study, N=386; GERA I and II Studies, N=196 and N=198; SOPHIA Study, N=372). We identified 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms within the @entity71939 gene that showed associations with @entity2179 response reaching genome-wide significance (P<5x10(-8))however, this could not be replicated in the PEAR Study using @entity2165 . In addition, 39 single-nucleotide polymorphisms showed P values of 10(-5) to 10(-7). The 20 top-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms were different for each antihypertensive drug. None of these top single-nucleotide polymorphisms co-localized with the panel of >40 genes identified in genome-wide association studies of @entity101 . Replication analyses of GENRES results provided suggestive evidence for a missense variant ( @entity71940 ) in the @entity6333 ( @entity6333 ) gene influencing @entity9886 response, and for 2 variants influencing @entity918 response, located within or close to the @entity17610 ( @entity71941 ) and @entity58189 ( @entity71942 ) genes. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide some evidence for a link between biology of the glomerular protein @entity6333 and antihypertensive action of angiotensin receptor antagonists and encourage additional studies on @entity264 dehydrogenase   mediated reactions in antihypertensive @entity734 .

title: Pharmacogenomics of XXXX : a genome   wide, placebo   controlled cross   over study, using four classes of antihypertensive drugs.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity264 :: ('CHEBI:17478', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehyde']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug action']

entities_list: @entity2179 :: ('MESH:D017298', 'Chemical') :: ['bisoprolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Overexpression of @entity56787 in bronchial epithelial cells is a marker for early metaplastic changes induced by various toxicants/carcinogens. Previously, we have shown that the transcriptional stimulation of @entity56787 expression by @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) is mainly mediated by a -150/-94 bp enhancer harboring two critical @entity864 -responsive elements (TREs) and by @entity1178 . @entity5742 dimers. Here, we show that a region between -54 and -39 bp containing an ETS-binding site (EBS) and a GC box is essential for both basal and @entity4515 -inducible @entity56787 transcription. In vivo footprinting demonstrated binding of transcription factors to these elements. However, unlike enhancer TREs, exposure of cells to @entity4515 did not significantly alter the footprinting pattern at these elements. Mutations that crippled both the EBS and GC box suppressed both basal and @entity4515 -inducible @entity56787 transcription. Consistent with this, overexpression of EBS-binding proteins @entity18437 and @entity36612 significantly stimulated @entity56787 promoter activity. Furthermore, preceding @entity56787 transcription, @entity4515 up-regulated mRNA expression of ETS family members such as @entity18437 and @entity36612 . Although @entity18437 synergistically activated @entity1178 - and @entity4515 -enhanced @entity56787 transcription, coexpression of @entity3419 and @entity18437 showed no synergistic or additive effect on promoter activity, indicating an obligatory role for AP-1 proteins in such regulation. In support of this notion, deletion or mutation of two functional TREs inhibited @entity18437 - and @entity3419 -enhanced promoter activation. Thus, the interaction between @entity18437 and @entity3419 , and AP-1 proteins that bind to the proximal and distal promoter regions, respectively, play a critical role in the induction of squamous differentiation marker expression in bronchial epithelial cells.

title: Interplay between proximal and distal promoter elements is required for squamous differentiation marker induction in the bronchial epithelium: role for XXXX , @entity3419 , and AP-1 proteins.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity18437 :: (1999,Gene) :: ['ESE-1']


abstract: Stenting may provide a new, less invasive therapeutic option for @entity438 . However, a conventional porous stent may be insufficient in modifying the blood flow for clinical @entity439 . We designed an asymmetric stent consisting of a low porosity patch welded onto a porous stent for an @entity438 of a specific @entity1 geometry to block the strong inflow jet. To evaluate the effect of the patch on aneurysmal flow dynamics, we "virtually" implanted it into the @entity1 's @entity439 geometry and performed @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) analysis. The patch was computationally deformed to fit into the vessel lumen segmented from the @entity1 CT reconstructions. After the flow calculations, a patch with the same design was fabricated using laser cutting techniques and welded onto a commercial porous stent, creating a @entity1 -specific asymmetric stent. This stent was implanted into a phantom, which was imaged with X-ray angiography. The hemodynamics of untreated and stented @entity439 were compared both computationally and experimentally. It was found from @entity5173 of the @entity1 @entity439 that the asymmetric stent effectively blocked the strong inflow jet into the @entity439 and eliminated the flow impingement on the @entity439 wall at the dome. The impact zone with elevated wall shear stress was eliminated, the aneurysmal flow activity was substantially reduced, and the flow was considerably reduced. Experimental observations corresponded well qualitatively with the @entity5173 results. The demonstrated asymmetric stent could lead to a new minimally invasive image guided intervention to reduce @entity439 growth and @entity397 .

title: Evaluation of an asymmetric stent patch design for a @entity1 specific @entity438 using Computational Fluid Dynamic ( XXXX ) calculations in the Computed Tomography (CT) derived lumen.

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['CFD', 'Computational Fluid Dynamics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms', 'anterior cerebral artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity5173 :: (MESH:D065634,Disease) :: ['CFD']


abstract: The existing literature is inconsistent with respect to optimal dietary concentrations of @entity8959 ( @entity4022 ) and @entity563 ( @entity60448 ) in broiler feed. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the response of broilers to dietary levels of @entity4022 using a full quadratic model based on mixed model methodology. Response was measured as ADG (g/d), ADFI (g/d), and G:F (g/g). In addition, the influence of other dietary constituents was evaluated. This meta-analysis was based on a data set comprising a total of 9,626 broilers in 10 peer-reviewed papers that investigated the response of broilers to different dietary concentrations of @entity4022 , achieved by addition of free @entity4022 . The fitted quadratic model, with either @entity4022 + @entity60448 or the calculated @entity8959 equivalent (Glyequi) of both @entity3534 as the independent variable, revealed that all model terms were significant (P  <= 0.05), and hence proved a curvilinear relationship between these independent variables and response traits. The R(2) value and root @entity15 error confirmed a strong relationship between observed and predicted traits. A comparison of the influence of @entity4022 + @entity60448 and Glyequi on response traits revealed that both approaches produced similar results. Because Glyequi should meet the physiological values of a diet better than @entity4022 + @entity60448 , models with 2 independent variables were conducted using Glyequi. The second independent variables were @entity1853 ( @entity4508 ):TSAA ratio and the concentrations of @entity462 ( @entity2569 ) and @entity2723 . In models with one or 2 independent variables, the impact of dietary @entity4022 on ADFI was low. By contrast, G:F was markedly influenced by dietary @entity4022 ; this effect intensified at lower @entity4508 :TSAA ratios and higher @entity2569 and @entity2723 levels. ADG was also a function of Glyequi and the second independent variables. For ADG, an optimal @entity4508 :TSAA ratio of 0.655 and @entity2569 concentration of 0.302% was calculated. Following the nonlinear nature of relationship, generally applicable replacement values could not be calculated. However, it was concluded that consideration of dietary @entity2569 can diminish the requirement for Glyequi, and therefore, enable a reduction in the @entity2723 of broiler diets without limiting growth performance.

title: Meta-analysis of the influence of dietary @entity8959 and XXXX , with consideration of @entity1853 and @entity462 , on growth and feed conversion of broilers.

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity563 :: (CHEBI:17822,Chemical) :: ['serine']


abstract: Mouse anti-human CD3 (T3) antibodies can induce T cell proliferation in the presence of Fc receptor ( @entity6433 )-bearing accessory cells. Depending on whether the particular antibody can interact with the @entity6433 , it can be mitogenic or otherwise. Previously, some of us (Smith, K. G. C. et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1986. 16:478) examined @entity1 T cell responses to the murine anti-CD3 antibody switch variants UCHT1 (IgG1) and UCHT1B (IgG2b). Using a novel xenogeneic system with @entity19 macrophages (M phi) and an anti- @entity6433 antibody, 2.4G2, we obtained direct evidence for accessory function of @entity6433 in these responses. However, @entity19 B cells which also possess @entity6433 were not accessory cells. Here we show that resting B cells do not inhibit anti-CD3 responses in the presence of other accessory cells, and they do not synergize with them. They appear to be inert in these responses but this is not simply because of their radiosensitivity. In contrast, B cell blasts proved to be potent stimulators of responses with UCHT1, UCHT1B and OKT3 (IgG2a). All three responses were inhibited by 2.4G2, whereas we have shown previously that the OKT3 response with M phi was not, in keeping with the known specificities of B cell and M phi @entity6433 . These findings are discussed in relation to the molecular cloning of @entity6433 , and we consider the possibility that distinct @entity6433 could be expressed on resting and activated B cells. A report that anti- @entity1454 ( @entity1454 ) antibodies blocked the UCHT1 response with @entity1 monocytes raised the possibility that this molecule might also be involved in accessory function. However, we show that this inhibition is in fact at the level of the T cell, since anti-human, but not anti-mouse @entity1454 antibodies, inhibited proliferative responses and clustering with both @entity1 and @entity19 accessory cells. Our results demonstrate that the principal contribution of accessory cells to anti-CD3 responses may be the provision of an @entity6433 , and that @entity1454 is most probably required at the level of the T cell.

title: T cell activation by anti-CD3 antibodies: function of Fc receptors on B cell blasts, but not resting B cells, and XXXX on the responding T cells.

answer: @entity1454 :: (3689,Gene) :: ['CD18']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential for using seven prescribing indicators, individually and in combination, to measure prescribing quality for hospitalised @entity146 @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: The dataset included full details of all psychotropic medication prescribed over a 24 hour period to 4192 inpatients in 49 British mental health services in 1998. RESULTS: Despite the large size of the dataset, for three of the indicators 20 services had fewer than 10 eligible @entity1 . There was great variation between services in indicator scores. Correlations between standardised indicator scores and total score (which omitted the indicator concerned) were above 0.3 for all but one of the indicators. Cronbach's alpha was 0.73 when this outlying indicator was removed. CONCLUSIONS: There are no routinely collected prescribing data that allow for the quality of prescribing for @entity146 @entity1 to be monitored. Six of the seven indicators measured during this census survey appear to reflect a common attribute of the services, and the analysis suggests that they might be combined to give an overall measure of service performance. There was, however, no relationship between performance on the seventh indicator and performance on the other six. This raises questions about case mix and service level factors that might influence indicator scores independent of prescriber decision making. The psychometric properties of prescribing indicators (occurrence rates, consistency over time) are unknown.

title: The use of prescribing indicators to measure the quality of care in XXXX inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity311 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity19 @entity311 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity462 protease genes of @entity2637 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity4801 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity4801 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity3964 with different @entity462 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity14377 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity4801 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in @entity2637 --a XXXX @entity311 model.

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of berghepains']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4350 proved its efficacy in relapsed @entity242 (STS) in 3 multicenter phase II studies with selected @entity1 . The aim of the present study is to investigate @entity4350 efficacy and tolerance in a cohort of "real-life" unselected @entity1 with @entity242 . METHODS: A single-center analysis was carried out on all consecutive @entity1 with histologically proven unresectable advanced or metastatic STS, who received at least one cycle of @entity4350 . Data on efficacy and tolerance were retrospectively reported. RESULTS: From 2004 to 2014, data of 59 @entity1 were reviewed. Median age was 62 years (from 23 to 87). A total of 317 cycles of @entity4350 were administered. Twenty-five @entity1 (42%) suffered grade 3-4 hematological @entity137 , mainly with @entity1398 (22 @entity1 , 37%). Disease control rate was 24%, mainly with stable disease, and 45 @entity1 (76%) experienced disease progression. Median overall survival was 6.6 months (95%CI [4.9-12.6]). CONCLUSION: @entity4350 might be an option for @entity1 without any other validated alternative, but phase III study evaluating @entity4350 +best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC is necessary.

title: What makes real world outcomes in soft @entity242 ? A mono-institutional XXXX experience.

entities_list: @entity4350 :: ('MESH:C099150', 'Chemical') :: ['trabectedin', 'Trabectedin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'advanced soft tissue sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity4350 :: (MESH:C099150,Chemical) :: ['trabectedin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity4032 with @entity717 is well described. However debate exists with regard optimal management notably should 'asymptomatic' @entity717 undergo operation? The present study therefore sought to determine: (1) the risk(s) of @entity3313 in @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4032 and (2) define morbidity associated with operation for ' @entity10094 in a fragile @entity1 cohort with co-existent @entity299 . METHODS: Medical case record reviews of @entity981 @entity1 born during January 1993-December 2013 and attending a UK paediatric centre were analyzed. RESULTS: Of a total of 92 @entity1 , 16 (17.4%) cases underwent foregut imaging studies. Three examinations were performed in 'symptomatic' @entity1 . Twelve studies reported 'abnormal anatomy' with only five @entity1 undergoing surgical correction. No complication(s) were recorded after Ladd's operation to correct defects. A single fatality occurred within 30 days postoperatively from @entity712 . In 87 @entity1 in whom Ladd's operation was not undertaken, no single @entity1 developed @entity3313 (median length of follow-up 27.2 months, total 446.1 @entity1 years). CONCLUSION: This study strongly supports a 'watchful waiting' policy for @entity4032 @entity1 . Many @entity1 who ultimately die from @entity299 may avoid unnecessary abdominal surgery.

title: Heterotaxy and XXXX : 20 years experience at a UK regional paediatric surgery centre.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['bowel rotation anomalies', 'intestinal rotation anomalies']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL heterotaxy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity3313 :: ('MESH:D045822', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal volvulus', 'volvulus']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ["asymptomatic' anomalies"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['heterotaxy']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intestinal rotation anomalies']