abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary oral mucosal @entity320 (POMM) is uncommon. Its biological behavior is more aggressive than that of @entity320 . Its site-specific prognostic factors and optimal management have not been determined yet. Retrospective POMM case analysis from peer-reviewed publications in the PubMed and Embase electronic database from January 1984 to December 2013, in which therapy and outcome data were available, was performed. A total of 151 primary cases were extracted from 39 peer-reviewed English literatures. The study population includes 63 males and 88 females with a medium age of 61 years. The treatment protocols include surgery alone (18%), radiotherapy alone (14%), surgery plus radiotherapy (14%), surgery plus chemotherapy (31%), as well as surgery plus chemoradiotherapy (15%) and chemoradiotherapy (8%). The male @entity1 have a higher risk for @entity3 than the female @entity1 do (odds ratio [OR]; 3.41, P = 0.021). The POMM originating from specialized mucosa was associated with increased risk for @entity5 recurrence and mortality (OR, 4.03, P = 0.001; OR, 2.03, P = 0.031, respectively). The @entity1 who had surgery-based multiple therapy have a significantly longer survival compared with those who had surgery alone and those who had no surgical treatment (P = 0.000). The age of 60 years or younger (hazard ratio [HR], 4.69; P = 0.000), nonsurgical treatment (HR, 12.838; P = 0.000), and surgery alone (HR, 1.517; P = 0.001) were independent adverse prognostic factors for overall survival. Taken together, the study results suggest that surgery-based multiple therapy is the most effective treatment protocol. The age of 60 years, nonsurgical treatment, and surgery alone were independent adverse prognostic factors for overall survival.

title: The Management and Site-Specific Prognostic Factors of Primary Oral Mucosal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous malignant melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant Melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: India is currently witnessing rising numbers of @entity1 in the middle-class who are @entity28 . A lot of the Indian population has started relying on processed foods that contain a huge percentage of trans-fat, @entity3363 , and other unhealthy and artificial ingredients. @entity28 is considered the core of many diseases. Increased weight carries significant health risks for some @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity299 and @entity64 . Junk food, @entity167 and sedentary lifestyle are leading us to silent self destruction, making one in every five Indian @entity1 and @entity1 either @entity28 or overweight. AIM: To determine the effect of Gomutra Haritaki on Sthaulya. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational pilot study on the effect of Gomutra Haritaki, diet control and exercise in the management of Sthaulya ( @entity28 ) was conducted on 21 @entity1 . Enrolled @entity1 were screened on the basis of clinical findings and allocated into two groups. Trial group received Gomutra Haritaki (6 g/day in three divided doses) while control group received placebo capsules in the same dose for 8 weeks. RESULT: Statistically highly significant relief was found in weight reduction (P < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01) in both groups. Control group has shown better results against trial group. CONCLUSION: These results prove the impact of diet and exercise in the management of Sthaulya.

title: An observational pilot study on the effect of Gomutra Haritaki, diet control and exercise in the management of Sthaulya ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity1 with reflux- @entity7552 is unclear. We performed a placebo-controlled crossover trial in @entity1 with @entity354 and @entity7552 to determine the effect of @entity10112 and to gain information on the natural course of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive non-smoking @entity1 with hoarseness and @entity7552 were examined. Scores with respect to the larynx and for subjective complaints were determined and 24-h pH-metry to assess acid reflux in the lower oesophagus and pharynx was performed. @entity1 with pathologic reflux were given the chance to enter a double-blinded randomized crossover trial with @entity10112 40 mg b.i.d. and placebo for a duration of 3 months each, separated by a 2-week washout period. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 62 @entity1 showed pathological reflux; 21 @entity1 were included in the study and 14 concluded all parts of the study. Both @entity10112 and placebo resulted in a marked improvement in @entity7552 scores (decrease of 8.0 +/- 1.4 versus 5.6 +/- 2.6; no significant difference between the 2 treatments) and symptoms after the first 3 months (decrease of oesophageal symptom score of 2.2 +/- 1.4 versus 5.4 +/- 2.8; decrease of laryngeal scores of 8.3 +/- 3.6 versus 10.3 +/- 3.9; also no significant difference between the 2 treatments). A second pH-metry 2 weeks thereafter proved the persistence of reflux in most of these @entity1 . Switching to @entity10112 led to a further improvement of scores. In the group switched to placebo there was recurrence only in a minority of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The self-limited nature of reflux- @entity7552 in non-smokers is largely underestimated. @entity7552 improves despite the persistence of reflux. @entity10112 may be helpful especially in relieving acute symptoms, but the advantage of long-term treatment over placebo has been greatly overestimated.

title: Effect of XXXX on the course of reflux- @entity7552 : a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7552 :: ('MESH:D007827', 'Disease') :: ['proven laryngitis', 'laryngitis', 'Laryngitis', 'associated laryngitis']

entities_list: @entity10112 :: ('MESH:C064276', 'Chemical') :: ['Pantoprazole', 'pantoprazole']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['proven reflux disease']

answer: @entity10112 :: (MESH:C064276,Chemical) :: ['pantoprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Adverse early life events are key factors for development of @entity344 ( @entity344 ). @entity293 ( @entity293 ) is associated with chronic @entity2371 in adults, a finding that has been recapitulated in @entity19 models, but the relation between @entity490 has not been studied in @entity1 . We hypothesized that @entity293 in infancy increases the risk of @entity344 and @entity490 ( @entity490 ) in childhood. METHODS:: The present study included @entity1 , ages 4 to 18 years, with a single @entity293 in the first year of life and their siblings with no history of @entity293 . Parents completed the Questionnaire on Pediatric Gastrointestinal Symptoms-Rome III Version (QPGS-III) by telephone. @entity1 meeting QPGS-III criteria for @entity344 but with @entity158 less than once weekly were considered to have @entity490 . RESULTS:: A total of 57 @entity1 with @entity293 and 58 sibling controls were identified. Mean age at @entity293 was 4.8 months, and mean time since @entity293 was 9.3 years. At the time of survey, mean age of @entity1 was 9.7 years (5-16 years, 40% @entity1 ) and that of controls was 9.6 years (range 4-17 years, 57% @entity1 ). @entity344 were diagnosed in 6 of 57 (11%) @entity1 , and 1 of 58 (2%) controls (P=0.06). @entity490 was identified in 10 of 57 (18%) @entity1 and 2 of 58 (3%) controls (P=0.02). Predominant sex (female), infecting organism ( @entity526 ), and treatment (third-generation cephalosporin) were similar in @entity1 with @entity293 with and without @entity490 . CONCLUSIONS:: We show for the first time that @entity293 is associated with @entity490 in childhood. We speculate that pelvic organ sensory convergence explains our findings.

title: @entity293 in Infancy Is a Risk Factor for Chronic XXXX in Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['FGIDs', 'functional gastrointestinal disorders']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['UTI and chronic pelvic and abdominal pain', 'CAP', 'chronic abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['UTI', 'Urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity490 :: (MESH:D015746,Disease) :: ['Abdominal Pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The psychopathological symptoms occurring in the course of diseases associated with @entity281 are often initially isolated and non-characteristic, and may cause diagnostic difficulties. Moreover, such disorders tend to be less responsive to @entity146 management. Among possible causes such as @entity130 , @entity5 and vascular changes, inflammatory changes of the brain as a  result of a  @entity1800 should also be considered. There were 452 registered cases of @entity11410 in Poland in 2010, and although not very prevalent they remain a  severe and life-threatening condition. What is more, the frequently occurring neurological and @entity146 complications of @entity11410 often result in @entity2319 , causing a  significant decrease in the quality of life. This article presents the three types of @entity198 that are most prevalent among immunocompetent @entity1 in Poland, i.e. @entity10926 ( @entity10926 ), @entity17991 ( @entity17991 ) and herpes @entity6079 (HZE). The psychopathology of the acute phase of the @entity281 , the residual symptoms, features apparent in imaging studies and some neuropathological aspects are also presented. The paper also focuses on @entity146 aspects of the diagnostics and treatment of the described conditions. The clinical pictures of these @entity281 are quite specific, although they cover a  wide range of symptoms, and these characteristic features are described. The aim of this review is also to show the significance of thorough diagnostics and a  multidisciplinary approach to @entity1 with @entity23798 .

title: Psychiatric Aspects of Herpes Simplex @entity198 , XXXX and Herpes @entity6079 Among Immunocompetent @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity17991 :: ('MESH:D004675', 'Disease') :: ['TBE', 'tick-borne encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity11410 :: ('MESH:D018792', 'Disease') :: ['viral encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity6079 :: ('MESH:D020804', 'Disease') :: ['zoster encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disabilities']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity23798 :: ('MESH:D020805', 'Disease') :: ['viral CNS infections']

entities_list: @entity10926 :: ('MESH:D020803', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex encephalitis', 'HSE']

answer: @entity17991 :: (MESH:D004675,Disease) :: ['Tick-Borne Encephalitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Many @entity1 with @entity1868 desire uterine conservation. Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a new non-invasive therapy. We describe our early results regarding efficacy and safety of MRgFUS for the treatment of uterine @entity2909 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty-two French @entity1 , over 18 years of age, who were candidates for surgical myomectomy, @entity1416 due to symptomatic @entity1868 were treated by MRgFUS (ExAblate 2000(  ), InSightec) and followed up for at least 6 months. Intramural or @entity1868 with a size between 4-12 cm and a T2 low intensity MRI image were selected in @entity1 with no abdominal scar and no bowel interposition. The modified symptom severity score (SSS) was examined before and after the treatment at 6 months. Second treatment rate during the first follow-up year was reported. RESULTS: No serious complications were recorded during the treatments or follow-up period. Seven @entity1 had @entity177 mostly because of bowel interposition, six of them had uterine artery embolisation. The mean modified SSS value for @entity1 before MRgFUS was 41/100 and the values diminished significantly to a mean value of 22/100. A total of 65% of @entity1 had a reduction of at least 10 points (n=22) (initial score of 41 [29; 62] and 22 [16; 46] at 6 month follow-up). Good correlation was observed between @entity1868 destruction and the symptoms score. During the follow-up period, ten @entity1 (19%) required invasive interventions (six hysterectomies, two embolisations and two myomectomies). The average reduction in @entity1868 volume determined by MR imaging at 6 months after treatment was 14%. This volume reduction is poorly correlated with the @entity1868 's treated volume of 36.4% (6-74%). CONCLUSION: MRgFUS can safely be used for symptomatic treatment and avoid the need for surgical intervention in most @entity1 . Additional follow-up is needed to determine the long-term durability of this promising non-invasive approach and to obtain reimbursement.

title: [French first results using magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for XXXX treatment].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['hysterectomy or uterine artery embolization']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['initial failure']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['myomas', 'myoma', 'subserous myomas']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas']

answer: @entity1868 :: (MESH:D009214,Disease) :: ['myoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Survey of the influence of smoking on the healing of open @entity174 . DESIGN: Retrospective. METHOD: During the period 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2000, 168 @entity1 were treated at the Department of Surgery (University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands) due to an open @entity174 ; 118 @entity1 with 125 @entity174 were included in the study. On the basis of their smoking behaviour, @entity1 were classified as 'non-smokers' or 'smokers'. For all of the @entity1 it was ascertained whether or not complications had occurred during treatment. Whether the @entity174 had consolidated was determined on the basis of clinical and radiological criteria. RESULTS: Seventy-two (61%) @entity1 were non-smokers and 46 were smokers. The non-smokers had 77 open @entity174 and the smokers 48. Initial therapy was identical and wound @entity281 occurred with similar incidences in both groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of @entity4421 between both groups: 7 (9%) times in the non-smokers and 13 (27%) times in smokers (p = 0.04). The mean time to consolidation was 26 weeks for non-smokers and 33 weeks for smokers (p = 0.04). Smokers remained longer in hospital and underwent more re-operations. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was negatively associated with the healing of open @entity174 . In smoking @entity1 , the time to consolidation was on average statistically significantly longer and they suffered more from @entity4421 .

title: [The adverse effects of smoking on healing of open XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'tibial fractures', 'tibial fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['tibial fractures']


abstract: Postischaemic @entity296 (stunning) induced by partial occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and its relation to @entity880 production during reperfusion were studied in nine @entity1707 . A 40% reduction in regional left ventricular wall thickening, as measured by ultrasonic crystals, was prospectively defined as stunning. A perfusion pressure of 20 mmHg was maintained with a hydraulic occluder for each ischaemic period and was monitored by a distal arterial catheter. To achieve a 40% reduction in function, four animals required three ischaemic periods (mean ischaemic @entity450 73%), four two (86% @entity450 ), and one one (93% @entity450 ). At 25 min of reperfusion transmural flow was slightly reduced from 0.67 ml.g-1.min-1 at control to 0.58 ml.g-1.min-1 (p less than 0.05), whereas regional flow endocardial to epicardial flow ratio was unchanged. At 60 min reperfusion, percentage systolic wall thickening was reduced to 25% from a control of 39% (p less than 0.01) and parallel reductions in regional myocardial @entity26 consumption from 4.3 ml.min-1 to 2.7 ml.min-1 occurred (p less than 0.01). @entity880 extraction was @entity308 at 15 min reperfusion (-4.0% compared with control +18.0% (p less than 0.05)) but returned to control values by 30 min. It is concluded that postischaemic @entity296 (stunning) can be induced by partial @entity1563 and that the extent of dysfunction depends on the degree of @entity450 . The reductions in myocardial @entity26 consumption parallel those of wall thickening during reperfusion after stunning. Finally, @entity880 production occurs during early reperfusion but does not persist with the postischaemic reductions in function and myocardial @entity26 consumption.

title: Relation of XXXX production to postischaemic reduction in function and myocardial @entity26 consumption after partial coronary occlusion in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusions']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['flow reduction']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increasing recognition of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and demand for polysomnography has created a need for home sleep testing (HST) using unattended diagnostic and titration studies. Although these studies increase access to care and reduce cost, the limited interaction with sleep laboratories may negatively affect positive airway pressure ( @entity2786 ) adherence. We sought to determine the difference in @entity2786 use between HST and traditional in-laboratory studies. METHODS: This observational cohort study included 210 @entity1 with @entity27 classified into three equal groups. Following preestablished guidelines, group 1 underwent unattended, type III home diagnostic and unattended home auto-adjustable @entity2786 ( @entity1443 ) titrations; group 2 underwent in-laboratory, type I diagnostic and continuous @entity2786 titration studies; group 3 underwent type I diagnostic and @entity1443 titration studies. Group 1 was primarily managed and educated in a primary care clinic, whereas groups 2 and 3 received extensive education in an academic sleep medicine center. Objective measures of @entity2786 use during the first 4 to 6 weeks of therapy were compared between groups. RESULTS: Type of study and location of care did not affect @entity2786 adherence. @entity2786 was used for 70%, 73%, and 72% of nights in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively (P = .94). Mean hours of nightly use (4.4    2.0 h, 4.7    1.5 h, and 4.6    1.5 h; P = .98) was also similar. Regular use was observed in 54%, 51%, and 50% of subjects (P = .84). Discontinuation rates were similar between groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2786 usage did not differ between those undergoing HST vs in-laboratory studies. HST offers a more accessible and cost-effective alternative without compromising therapeutic adherence.

title: Does home sleep testing impair continuous positive airway pressure adherence in @entity1 with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a rare case of bilateral @entity3171 as presentation of an obstructing @entity6872 . METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: A 41-year-old healthy @entity1 presented with distortion of his peripheral vision for 9 months. He denied @entity10 or @entity16 . Examination showed bilateral @entity4 , @entity548 , and absent spontaneous venous pulsations. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance venography were unrevealing. Lumbar puncture showed a normal opening pressure of 19 cm cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF protein was significantly elevated at 3.22 g/L (0.10-0.45 g/L). Spinal MRI with contrast revealed a @entity5 in the T9 vertebral body extending through the disc spaces into T8 and T10, compressing the spinal cord. Computed tomography-guided biopsy confirmed a @entity6872 . He received radiotherapy to the spine T7-T11 to reduce @entity1745 followed by a 6-month course of chemotherapy with @entity619 , @entity786 , and @entity2816 . Disc swelling improved on starting radiotherapy with complete resolution 8 months posttreatment. MRI spine showed reduction of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: This case highlights the importance of spinal imaging in @entity1 with normal cranial scans and raised CSF protein levels who lack the typical @entity3762 intracranial @entity101 phenotype.

title: Bilateral @entity3171 as a presentation of an obstructing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['spinal plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['radial disc hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc swelling']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic']

entities_list: @entity3171 :: ('MESH:C531767', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc edema']

answer: @entity6872 :: (MESH:D010954,Disease) :: ['spinal plasmacytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: inflammatory mediators such as @entity2918 (PGs), @entity4443 (LTs), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) have been identified in @entity1 @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ), as well as in the experimentally induced @entity2171 of animals. However, the exact function of LTs in the middle ear cavity is still unknown. In this study, the role of LTs was investigated using an experimental model in which OME was induced by LTD4. METHODS: to examine whether leukotrienes (LTs) induce @entity2346 media with effusion (OME), 2x10(-6), 2x10(-5), 1x10(-4) and 2x10(-4) M of LTD4 was injected into the @entity35 ear. The severity of OME was assessed based on the histological findings. The concentrations of @entity1356 , @entity310 , and GRO/CINC-1 in @entity2171 were also measured. Additionally the therapeutic efficacy of a specific LTs antagonist, @entity1440 on experimental OME was investigated. RESULTS: all ears developed @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ) within 24 h and about 50% of the animals continued to demonstrate @entity2171 for 14 days in the 1x10(-4) and 2x10(-4) M groups. The cytokine levels seemed to correspond well with the persistence of OME. The oral administration of a specific LTs antagonist, @entity1440 , was found to alleviate the experimental OME. CONCLUSION: these findings suggest that LTs appear to plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OME.

title: Experimental XXXX media with effusion induced by leukotriene D4.

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2171 :: ('MESH:D010034', 'Disease') :: ['MEE', 'middle ear effusions', 'MEEs', 'middle ear effusion']

entities_list: @entity1440 :: ('MESH:C047681', 'Chemical') :: ['pranlukast']

answer: @entity2346 :: (MESH:D010031,Disease) :: ['otitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to evaluate the results and complications of image-guided percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) using computed tomography (CT) and C-arm fluoroscopy, with finger-touch guidance to determine the needle entry point. Of the 86 @entity1 (106 PKP) examined, 56 were treated for @entity3814 and 30 for @entity5 . All @entity1 underwent image-guided treatment using CT and conventional fluoroscopy, with finger-touch identification of a puncture point within a small incision (1.5 to 2 cm). Partial or complete @entity158 relief was achieved in 98% of @entity1 within 24 h of treatment. Moreover, a significant improvement in functional mobility and reduction in analgesic use was observed. CT allowed the detection of cement leakage in 20.7% of the interventions. No bone cement leakages with neurologic symptoms were noted. All work channels were made only once, and bone cement was distributed near the center of the vertebral body. Our study confirms the efficacy of PKP treatment in @entity3604 and oncological @entity1 . The combination of CT and C-arm fluoroscopy with finger-touch guidance reduces the risk of complications compared with conventional fluoroscopy alone, facilitates the detection of minor cement leakage, improves the operative procedure, and results in a favorable bone cement distribution.

title: XXXX using percutaneous kyphoplasty guided by a combination of computed tomography and C-arm fluoroscopy with finger-touch guidance to determine the needle entry point.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral tumors']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['Treatment of vertebral body compression fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Control of @entity101 in @entity1 with @entity2316 improves mortality and slows progression to @entity454 . However, blood pressure is difficult to treat; multiple drug combination therapy is required and treatment algorithms to establish this are lacking. We used a stepped-care algorithm, centered on maximum doses of an @entity1289 inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker, to treat @entity101 according to American @entity6 Association recommended blood pressure target goals (<130/80 mmHg) in @entity1 with @entity2316 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated 49 consecutive @entity1 with @entity6 (13 with @entity164 1 and 36 with @entity164 2), @entity2316 , and @entity644 > or =500 mg/24 h with a stepped-care blood pressure treatment algorithm. The level of blood pressure control achieved at most recent follow-up was assessed. RESULTS: @entity1 were followed for a median of 18 months (range 9-48). Mean blood pressure achieved was 140/75 +/- 23/14 mmHg in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 146/76 +/- 22/14 mmHg in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Target blood pressure was reached in 16 (33%) @entity1 , 6 of 13 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 and 10 of 36 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 , whereas systolic blood pressure remained above the target level in the remaining @entity1 . There was no difference in baseline blood pressure, @entity644 , or serum @entity1011 level between @entity1 who were treated to target and those who were not. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of blood pressure control similar to those achieved in clinical trials in @entity2316 were obtained with a stepped-care algorithm. However, in most @entity1 , systolic blood pressure was difficult to control to target despite the use of multiple drug combination therapy.

title: Treating XXXX in @entity2316 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Thus far, orthopedic research lacks a suitable animal model of @entity170 . In OVX @entity742 , 6 months of @entity134 exposure reduced bone density and mechanical competence. Bone properties and bone formation did not recover for another 6 months. Therefore, @entity134 -treated OVX @entity742 may serve as a large animal model for @entity6092 bone. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of glucocorticoid treatment on cancellous bone density, microarchitecture, biomechanics, and formation of new bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen ovariectomized merino @entity742 received either a 6-month glucocorticoid treatment ( @entity367 ; 0.45 mg/kg @entity1667 ) or were left untreated (control). Cancellous bone biopsy specimens from the tibia were harvested 6 months after ovariectomy. After 12 months, the animals were killed, and biopsy specimens were obtained from the contralateral tibia and the lumbar spine. All biopsy specimens were scanned for apparent bone mineral density by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) and tested mechanically in uniaxial compression. Three-dimensional bone reconstructions were obtained by microcomputed tomography. Formation of new bone was analyzed using histologies of the femoral condyles. RESULTS: After 6 months, mineral density (-19%) and mechanical competence (-45%) were reduced by glucocorticoid treatment (p < 0.1). BV/TV (-21%; p < 0.01) and trabecular thickness (-20%; p = 0.01) declined, whereas BS/BV increased (24%; p = 0.01). After 12 months, mineral density (-33%) and mechanical properties (-55%) were reduced even more profoundly (p < 0.05). Also, the structural parameters (BS/BV and Tb.Th.) still seemed to be affected by glucocorticoid treatment (p < 0.05). New bone formation, assessed by measurement of osteoid surface, was markedly reduced (-63%, p < 0.1) by glucocorticoid treatment. The differences between groups were generally more pronounced at the tibia and the femur than at the spine. CONCLUSION: The effects of short-term high-dose @entity134 administration on bone mineral in this animal model were comparable with those observed in @entity1 after long-term corticoid treatment. Reduction in bone quality and bone formation rate persisted after the cessation of @entity134 administration. Glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomized @entity742 may therefore serve as a large animal model for @entity134 -induced @entity2331 .

title: Glucocorticoid treatment of ovariectomized XXXX affects mineral density, structure, and mechanical properties of cancellous bone.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity742 :: (9940,Species) :: ['sheep']


abstract: Animal data suggest that @entity943 can result from a variety of mechanisms. In clinical settings, @entity943 that are easily initiated and terminated with programmed electrical stimulation are often designated as @entity591 . However, proof of reentry is contingent upon demonstration of the entire circuit; this relation has been proposed for @entity943 associated with large circuits, such as those seen in the @entity3153 . Reentry has also been proposed as the mechanism responsible for a variety of other @entity591 , including bundle branch and @entity2917 , permanent junctional reentrant @entity591 , reentry @entity591 associated with nodoventricular Mahaim fibers and inducible atrial and @entity1165 . Documentation of triggered rhythms as the mechanism responsible for clinical @entity943 has been even more difficult. Examples of @entity943 resulting from triggered activity may include those associated with @entity137 arising from the atria, the atrioventricular junction or the ventricles. Clinical @entity943 due to triggered activity in the absence of digitalis have also been described. @entity943 that cannot be induced by electrical stimulation are presumably due to normal or abnormal automaticity. Examples of normal automaticity in the @entity1 heart are sinus rhythm and junctional and idioventricular escape rhythms. @entity591 by abnormal automaticity have seldom been investigated for the purpose of documenting the mechanism and therefore the limited data available make it difficult to draw any final conclusions.

title: Mechanisms of clinical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['digitalis toxicity']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'Tachycardias', 'tachycardias', 'reentry tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'cardiac arrhythmias', 'Cardiac arrhythmias']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['tachycardias']


abstract: AIM: To review the imaging findings of @entity6 , and document the colour flow ultrasound and MR imaging features in this benign condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity6 was clinically and histologically diagnosed in eight lesions in six @entity1 . All six @entity1 underwent conventional mammography and high frequency grey-scale ultrasound. Colour flow ultrasound was performed additionally in six lesions in four @entity1 and MR imaging in four lesions in three @entity1 before biopsy. The imaging findings were reviewed and correlated with final histological diagnosis. RESULTS: Mammography showed regional asymmetric increased opacity with ill-defined margins in all lesions. A heterogeneously hypoechoic mass with ill-defined margins was identified on high frequency grey-scale ultrasound in all lesions. Marked posterior acoustic shadowing was present in seven of eight (88%) lesions. Six lesions interrogated with colour flow ultrasound showed absence of Doppler signal. MR imaging in three @entity1 revealed non-specific stromal enhancement. CONCLUSION: @entity6 shows absence of Doppler signal on colour flow ultrasound and non-specific stromal enhancement on MR imaging.

title: Ultrasound and MR imaging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetic mastopathy', 'diabetic mastopathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic mastopathy']


abstract: Malignant change at the site of a @entity6275 , a rare condition, is reported in a 45-year-old @entity1 , along with a review of the literature. This @entity1 with a 30-year history of @entity6275 of the right femur and an intermittently discharging sinus had a large abscess in the lower thigh. The abscess was drained, and an @entity1066 developed at the mouth of the sinus tract. Soon afterward, he sustained a pathologic @entity174 through the lower femur. Biopsy specimens of the @entity1066 showed a well-differentiated @entity957 . An amputation was performed at the level of the proximal 10 cm of the femur. The @entity1 remains well 18 months later with no clinical or radiologic evidence of @entity3 . Changes in character of a previously innocuous @entity4034 sinus tract should arouse suspicion of @entity5 . Biopsy of various depths of the sinus tract, including the bone marrow, is essential. Early amputation for @entity957 is indicated and offers a good prognosis.

title: @entity957 in XXXX . Report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity6275 :: ('MESH:C535456', 'Disease') :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic transformation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity6275 :: (MESH:C535456,Disease) :: ['chronic osteomyelitis']


abstract: Angiotensin converting enzyme was localized in @entity35 brain by quantitative in vitro autoradiography using an [125I]labelled converting enzyme inhibitor called "351A". This radioligand was found to bind with high affinity and specificity to angiotensin converting enzyme. Very high levels of converting enzyme were observed in the ventricular choroid plexus, ependyma of all ventricles and large and medium blood vessels, subfornical organ, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. High levels of converting enzyme were found in the basal ganglia including caudate putamen, nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, entopenduncular nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata. The neurosecretory nuclei, paraventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus, as well as the median eminence and posterior pituitary displayed high levels of the enzyme. In the amygdala, basolateral, lateral, basomedial, medial and anterior cortical nuclei showed moderate converting enzyme activity. The medial habenula and molecular layer of the dentate gyrus showed high levels of activity. In the cerebellum, dense labelling was observed in the Purkinje cell layer. Moderate levels of converting enzyme occurred in the gelatinosus subnucleus of the caudal part of the nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal. There was a close correspondence between the distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme and @entity1808 in the neurosecretory nuclei (paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei) and median eminence and this suggests a role of angiotensin converting enzyme in the production of @entity1808 in this system. There was also a good correspondence between the distribution of angiotensin converting enzyme and @entity1808 in the subfornical organ, median preoptic nucleus, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, structures abutting the anterior wall of the third ventricle which are implicated in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. A striking discrepancy occurs in the basal ganglia which is reported to contain very little @entity1808 or @entity1808 receptors but is very rich in angiotensin converting enzyme. It is concluded that the enzyme may act to convert circulating @entity4689 to @entity1808 in circumventricular organs; generate intraneuronal @entity1808 in pathways such as the hypothalamic-hypophyseal tract; and process neuropeptides other than @entity1808 in regions such as basal ganglia.

title: Angiotensin converting enzyme in XXXX brain visualized by quantitative in vitro autoradiography.

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity43 in pregnancy are a diagnostic and management challenge that is increasingly being faced by the clinician. While most masses are benign and resolve spontaneously, there are others that persist and indicate the need for surgical management. Ultrasound not only detects asymptomatic masses but also helps to guide their management based on presence or absence of features suspicious of @entity5 . The role of @entity5 markers in pregnancy is limited due to their non-specific nature. Most masses treated in pregnancy are benign (most commonly dermoids), and most @entity5 are either of low malignant potential or germ cell @entity5 , usually early stage disease. Surgical management is indicated for symptomatic masses or those with increasing size or complexity indicating possible @entity5 . Both laparoscopy and laparotomy have similar results with regard to obstetric outcome. Conservative management is preferred in the remainder. MRI may help in better characterization of doubtful masses. National @entity5 registries can help to establish guidelines.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: a literature review.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian tumours']


abstract: Background. Treatment of pelvic lymph nodes (PLNs) in higher risk @entity263 is controversial. The primary focus of the study was to evaluate the early @entity137 profile for this cohort of @entity1 treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Methods. @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics of those who received VMAT from May 2010 to December 2012 were analysed. A simplified contouring process of the PLNs to the aortic bifurcation was developed based on consensus guidelines. @entity344 were documented according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Version 2 Guidelines. Successive @entity1486 (PSA) values after treatment were measured on average 3 months apart. Results. 113 @entity1 were treated between May 2010 to December 2012 with a median follow-up of 14 months. No @entity1 experienced acute grade 3 or 4   GU and @entity344 . Only 1 @entity1 experienced a late grade 3   GU complication. No late grade 4   GU or GI events have yet occurred. Conclusions. This study reviews the first Australian experience of VMAT in the treatment of pelvic lymph nodes in @entity263 , specifically to the level of the aortic bifurcation. It demonstrates a favorable acute @entity137 profile whilst treating large PLN volumes with optimal dose coverage.

title: Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy of the Pelvic Lymph Nodes to the Aortic Bifurcation in Higher Risk Prostate Cancer: Early XXXX Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostate carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'Acute and late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate Specific Antigen']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the incremental risk of diagnosis of clinically insignificant @entity263 with serial prostate biopsies. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional radical prostatectomy (RP) database comprising 2411 consecutive @entity1 undergoing RP. We then stratified @entity1 by the prostate biopsy on which their @entity5 was diagnosed and correlated biopsy number with the risk of clinically insignificant disease and adverse pathology at radical prostatectomy. RESULTS: A total of 1867 (77.4%), 281 (11.9%), and 175 (7.3%) @entity1 underwent 1, 2, and 3 or more prostate biopsies, respectively, before RP. Increasing number of prostate biopsies was associated with increasing prostate volume (P <.01), @entity1486 (P <.01), associated @entity5436 (P <.01), and increased likelihood of clinical Gleason 6 or less disease (P <.01). On pathologic analysis, increasing number of prostate biopsies was associated with increased risk of low-volume (P <.01), organ-confined (P <.01) disease. The risk of clinically insignificant disease was found to be 31.1%, 43.8%, and 46.8% in those undergoing 1, 2, and 3+ prostate biopsies, respectively. Conversely, the risk of adverse pathology was found to be 64.6%, 53.0%, and 52.0% in those undergoing 1, 2, and 3+ prostate biopsies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing multiple prostate biopsies before RP are more likely to harbor clinically insignificant @entity263 than those who only undergo 1 biopsy before resection. Nonetheless, the risk of adverse pathology in @entity1 undergoing serial biopsies remains significant. The increased risk of @entity263 overdiagnosis and overtreatment must be balanced with the continued risk of clinically significant disease when counseling @entity1 regarding serial biopsies.

title: Repeat prostate biopsy and the incremental risk of clinically insignificant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostate intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nowadays, microsurgical discectomy is being performed as an outpatient procedure. A retrospective chart review was done to document factors that delayed discharge or led to unanticipated admission. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, the hospital medical records of 106 @entity1 who underwent microsurgical discectomy on an ambulatory basis were reviewed. All @entity1 were operated upon by a single surgeon at the Toronto Western Hospital. Perioperative data were collected on specifically designed data sheets. All anesthetic and surgical factors that affected discharge were noted. RESULTS: Of the 106 @entity1 reviewed, only six required unanticipated admission. Two @entity1 were admitted due to @entity390 and @entity391 , one due to severe @entity158 , one due to urinary retention and two were surgical causes (dural tear). Eight @entity1 had delayed discharge. Anesthesia causes were severe @entity390 , severe @entity158 , low @entity26 saturation, sore throat and @entity936 . Two @entity1 had surgical causes. The incidence of @entity1209 was 9.4%. Eighty @entity1 (75.4%) complained of @entity158 in the postanesthesia care unit. Of these, 33.9% had @entity227 scale scores more than 6. CONCLUSION: Ambulatory lumbar microdiscectomy can be carried out as an ambulatory procedure with an acceptably low unanticipated admission rate (5.7%). The percentage of @entity1 with severe @entity390 (16%) and @entity158 (33.9%) is high. Adequate perioperative @entity158 management and effective control of @entity390 and @entity391 may further improve the @entity1 ' experience after anesthesia for ambulatory microdiscectomy.

title: XXXX , @entity390 , @entity391 and ocular complications delay discharge following ambulatory microdiscectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual analogue pain']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative nausea was 61% and postoperative vomiting']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Monitoring and management of intravascular volume status is of crucial importance in @entity3124 @entity1 . @entity3485 , induced by @entity548 or pathologic fluid shifts in the presence of systemic @entity32 , is frequently the cause for hemodynamic instability and @entity551 . This @entity1503 leads to a reduction in biventricular cardiac preload. With respect to the Frank-Starling mechanism, this causes an alteration in left @entity64 . If this reduction in @entity64 volume cannot be compensated by an increase in heart rate, this finally results in a decline of cardiac output. In this clinical situation fluid loading is the treatment of choice. However, insufficient peripheral vascular resistance and thus reduced cardiac afterload as well as @entity296 also have to be taken in account to be causative for @entity551 . Potential hazards of fluid loading specifically in the latter situation include @entity3126 , worsening of pulmonary gas exchange and @entity712 . Thus, prediction of fluid responsiveness, i.e. the prediction of the hemodynamic response to fluid loading is of utmost importance in @entity3124 @entity1 . Several conventional parameters of systemic hemodynamic monitoring such as the @entity299 and PAOP, the estimation of the left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) by echocardiography and measurement of central blood volumes as the right-ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) or the global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) by thermodilution are frequently used for preload monitoring. Further, functional preload parameters such as the left @entity64 (SW), describing the specific interactions of the heart and the lungs under mechanical ventilation, have been recently proposed to be useful for predicting fluid responsiveness. Thus, it is the aim of the present article to analyze these different concepts of hemodynamic monitoring regarding their usefulness and clinical applicability to predict fluid responsiveness at the bedside.

title: [Assessment of volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ventricular stroke volume', 'ventricular stroke volume variation']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['impaired myocardial contractility']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['deficit of central blood volume']

entities_list: @entity3485 :: ('MESH:D020896', 'Disease') :: ['Hypovolemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac filling pressures CVP']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. @entity973 ( @entity974 ) and @entity5128 ions ( @entity1041 ), which block voltage-dependent @entity972 channels in other nerve membranes, have been used to study nerve conduction in fibres of normal @entity35 spinal roots and those demyelinated with @entity7394 toxin. The pharmacological actions have been compared with those of temperature. 2. Both @entity1041 and @entity974 increased the amplitude and duration of the monophasically recorded compound action potentials of non-myelinated fibres in normal @entity35 dorsal roots. Enhancement of the action potential amplitude by @entity974 was maximal near 1 mM, and was not readily reversed by washing. At concentrations up to 50 mM the action of @entity1041 was weaker and reversible. 3. In normal dorsal and ventral roots @entity1041 (20 mM) and @entity974 (5 mM) had only a mildly depressant action on the compound action potentials of myelinated fibres. Whereas the slight reduction in peak amplitude and increase in width was also found in a single fibres treated with @entity1041 , none was discerned in single fibres exposed to @entity974 over a wide temperature range. 4. It is concluded that voltage-dependent @entity972 channels occur in significant numbers in @entity1 non-myelinated fibres, but not at nodes of Ranvier. 5. Spinal roots previously treated with @entity7394 toxin to cause @entity17 were studied by longitudinal current analysis. Fibres affected by @entity7394 toxin had a late phase of outward current, either restricted to nodes or, in the case of continuous conduction, distributed along internodes, and this outward current was specifically blocked by @entity974 . 6. Both @entity974 and @entity1041 increased the temperature at which conduction block occurred in most single demyelinated fibres, so that in some cases fibres blocked at physiological temperatures were enabled to conduct. @entity974 was more potent than @entity1041 , but less consistent in its effect. 7. It is concluded that @entity972 channels are present at widened nodes and in internodal axolemma exposed by @entity17 . Their presence enables @entity1041 and @entity974 to overcome conduction block in some @entity17 .

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity5128 ions on normal and demyelinated @entity1 nerve fibres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination', 'demyelinated nerve fibres']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-Aminopyridine']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: @entity5217 , @entity19191 , and apamin (blockers of @entity855 -sensitive, large-conductance, and small-conductance @entity141 -activated @entity3529 channels, respectively) were infused into the diaphragmatic vasculature of anesthetized @entity3352 -treated @entity235 to assess the contribution of @entity3529 channels to active @entity450 . Diaphragmatic blood flow (Qphr) and @entity3612 uptake (VO2di) were measured at rest and during 2 min of continuous left phrenic nerve stimulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Hz. These measurements were repeated before (control) and after the infusion of a selective @entity3529 channel blocker in three groups of animals. @entity5217 at 10(-5) M significantly attenuated Qphr at rest and in response to all stimulation frequencies. Whereas resting VO2di remained unchanged, @entity5217 infusion significantly reduced VO2di in response to all stimulation frequencies. The slope of the linear relationship between Qphr and VO2di, however, was not affected by @entity5217 . By comparison, infusion of @entity19191 (10(-7) M) in a second group reduced Qphr at rest and in response to 0.5- and 1-Hz stimulation, whereas Qphr measured in response to 2- and 4-Hz stimulation remained similar to control values. @entity3855 (10(-6) M) infusion in a third group reduced only resting Qphr with no effect on active @entity450 during phrenic nerve stimulation. Neither @entity19191 nor apamin influenced resting or stimulated VO2di. In all groups diaphragmatic tension measured after the infusion of @entity3529 channel blockers remained similar to control values. These results indicate that @entity3529 channels, especially those sensitive to @entity5217 , modulate the increase in Qphr and VO2di in response to moderate augmentation of metabolic demands.

title: Contribution of potassium channels to active XXXX of the @entity235 diaphragm.

entities_list: @entity19191 :: ('MESH:C064719', 'Chemical') :: ['iberiotoxin']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['Glibenclamide', 'glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity450 :: (MESH:D006940,Disease) :: ['hyperemia']


abstract: AIMS: @entity955 ( @entity955 ) is the most common cause of @entity385 . Recent data suggest that @entity955 @entity1 after successful ablation have the same risk for @entity1031 events (TE) as @entity1 without @entity955 . Despite current guideline recommendations it is still under debate if oral anticoagulation (OAC) can be safely discontinued after ablation. We analyzed follow-up (FU) after ablation of paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) in a high- ( @entity64 ; group 1) and a low-risk group (no @entity64 ; group 2) based on data from the German Ablation Registry to reveal real-life prescription behavior. METHODS: Overall 29 centers in Germany participated by performing @entity955 . Between April 2008 and April 2011, 83 @entity1 in group 1 and 377 @entity1 in group 2 with a first ablation of PAF were included in the registry. RESULTS: Mean CHA2DS2-VASc-Score was 4.2      1.4 (group 1) vs. 1.6      1.2 (group 2) (p  <  0.0001). No peri-interventional TE was observed. @entity943 recurrence was seen in 47.4 vs. 48.4  % (p  =  0.79) during a median FU of 489 (453-782) days, resulting in a repeat procedure in 20.0 vs. 20.7  % (p  =  0.88), respectively. OAC was discontinued in 38.6  % in group 1 vs. 66.3  % in group 2 (p  <  0.0001) during FU. TE during FU occurred more often in group 1 than in group 2 (4.3 vs. 0.3  %, p  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: Even in @entity1 with @entity64 , OAC was frequently discontinued during FU after @entity5567 ablation in this observational study. However, TE occurred significantly more frequent in these high-risk @entity1 . These data argue against OAC discontinuation after ablation in @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Oral anticoagulation is frequently discontinued after ablation of paroxysmal @entity955 despite XXXX : data from the German Ablation Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['previous stroke']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'AF-ablation']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['previous stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of different products available for @entity4037 repairs (LVHR), which vary widely in their costs. There are few clinical studies commenting on cost efficacy of LVHR. The objective of this study is to investigate the cost, safety, and efficacy of using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity7502 (PP) mesh in LVHR. METHODS: Between the years 2002 and 2006, LVHR was performed in 141 consecutive @entity1 (84 male, 57 female) using intraperitoneal PP. Using a 3-trocar technique, PP mesh was underlayed by 3 to 5 cm beyond the edges of the @entity154 and fixed to the abdominal wall with 2 rows of @entity702 staples. Data concerning the demographics of @entity1 , mesh cost, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications were collected. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity1 (95%) were discharged on the day of surgery. Mean age was 58.7 years (range, 29 to 91 y). Mean operative time was 63 minutes (range, 34 to 124 min). Follow-up was achieved in 123 @entity1 (87%) with a mean of 40 months (range, 12 to 68 mo). The average mesh size was 256.9 cm (range, 116 to 903 cm). The cost of the PP mesh was US 0.14 per cm. The average mesh cost per @entity1 was  35.90. When compared with other meshes commonly used for LVHR, PP mesh was substantially cheaper with a cost saving of  436 per @entity1 with proceed,  770 per @entity1 with composix, and  931 per @entity1 with @entity736 . The postoperative complications included: Wound infection n=4 (3.2%), transient @entity1744 which resolved in all cases without operative management n=3 (2.4%), port site hernia n=2 (1.6%), and seroma n=1 (0.7%). Overall recurrence rate was n=6 (4.8%). There were no conversions to an open procedure. CONCLUSIONS: LVHR with intraperitoneal PP results in outcomes comparable with earlier publications on LVHR but at reduced costs. These data suggest that the use of intraperitoneal PP in LVHR is safe and cost effective.

title: Cost and clinical outcomes of @entity4037 repair using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight XXXX mesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['hernia defect']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['partial small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity7502 :: (MESH:D011126,Chemical) :: ['polypropylene']


abstract: We conducted a retrospective study of 78 @entity1 who underwent palliative reconstructive operation for @entity1699 representing an entire consecutive experience between 1983 and 1991 to identify predictors of mortality that might enable more appropriate triage of @entity1 to either reconstruction or transplantation. Twenty-nine @entity1 had @entity2333 , mitral @entity1146 ; 18 had @entity472 , @entity4794 ; 20 had @entity2333 and @entity4794 ; and 11 had miscellaneous forms of @entity1699 . There were 29 hospital deaths (37%). A worst preoperative pH (p = 0.01) and immediate preoperative pH (p = 0.03) less than the median were predictors of hospital mortality. The anatomic subgroup @entity2333 , @entity4794 (p = 0.06) had a possible increased hospital mortality. One @entity1 was lost to follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier survival estimate among hospital survivors was 34% at 3 years and 25% at 5 years. The anatomic subgroup @entity2333 , mitral @entity1146 (p = 0.02) had a worse late outcome (11% 3-year survival) whereas the subgroup @entity472 , @entity4794 (p = 0.04; 76% 3-year survival) had a better late outcome. There were no other significant predictors of late survival other than immediate prerepair pH (p = 0.05). Interpretation of this experience is complicated by the large number of different surgical techniques used for both first-stage neonatal reconstruction and the Fontan procedure plus introduction of the bidirectional Glenn shunt as an intermediate step midway through the experience. Nevertheless in this time frame and with the variety of techniques used, this experience demonstrates that @entity1 with @entity2333 , mitral @entity1146 , particularly those who have been very acidotic in the neonatal period, are least likely to do well with the reconstructive approach to @entity1699 and are the most appropriate subgroup to be directed to transplantation. @entity1 with @entity472 , @entity4794 have an excellent late outcome with the reconstructive approach.

title: Anatomic subtype and survival after reconstructive operation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atresia']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Renal biopsy has been used extensively in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) with @entity8 . However, there is no complete agreement about the need for renal biopsy at presentation. The goal of this study is to define the role of renal biopsy as a therapeutic guide in new-onset @entity1252 with @entity8 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed renal biopsy findings in 131 @entity1252 @entity1 who received renal biopsy within 3 months from the diagnosis of @entity1252 . RESULTS: In @entity1 presenting with @entity810 , 91% of @entity1 had proliferative @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) (class IV, mixed class V + III) and 9% had non-proliferative @entity8 (pure class V). In @entity1 presenting with @entity1985 range @entity644 , proliferative @entity1988 (class III, IV, mixed class V + III) and non-proliferative @entity8 (class II, pure class V) accounted for 55% and 36% of @entity1 , respectively, whereas 9% had @entity8 . With the exception of anti-double-stranded DNA, no clinical findings correlated with pathology. In @entity1 presenting with sub- @entity1985 @entity644 , 49% of @entity1 had proliferative @entity1988 (class III, IV, mixed class V + III) and 51% had non-proliferative @entity8 (class II, pure class V). Decreased C4 levels were more common in @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 (P = 0.031). In @entity1 presenting with @entity811 , all were not active form @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggested that similar clinical features may be observed despite very different classes of @entity1988 . Therefore, in new-onset @entity1252 @entity1 with @entity8 , early renal biopsy may be helpful in planning the treatment.

title: Renal biopsy findings in new-onset @entity1252 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'clinical renal disease', 'renal involvement', 'lupus nephropathy', 'non-lupus nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['isolated hematuria']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['clinical renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) with the open thoracotomy access to @entity358 by the clinical outcomes and long-term survival in @entity2 . METHODS: Non-randomized comparative intention-to-treat study of prospective institutional registry data and survival data of 100 consecutive @entity1 undergoing segmentectomy. RESULTS: Within one decade (2002-12), 100 @entity1 with proven or highly suspected @entity2 underwent 100 anatomical sub-lobar pulmonary resections (52 typical and 20 atypical segmentectomies, 28 split-lobe procedures). Fifty-six @entity1 were operated by VATS and 44 by thoracotomy access. Comparison of demographic, medical, oncological and surgical baseline data did not provide evidence for differences between the VATS and thoracotomy groups. The surgery time for the VATS group was 225    62 min and 195    57 min for the thoracotomy group (P = 0.014). Postoperative hospitalization was 9 days for the VATS group and 12 days for the thoracotomy group (P = 0.034). Postoperative morbidity was 35.7% for the VATS group and 50% for the thoracotomy group (P = 0.161). Both groups had no 30-day mortality. Conversion to thoracotomy occurred in 30.4% of the VATS group. Conversion was more frequent in @entity1 with male gender, critical and prohibitive lung function, @entity5 with diameters exceeding 3 cm and atypical segmentectomies. The fractions of the pathological Union international contre le @entity5 (UICC) stages I, II and III were 74.4, 11.6 and 14% in the VATS group, and 70, 20 and 10% in the thoracotomy group (P = 0.445), respectively. Five-year overall survival was 86% in the VATS group and 69.9% in the thoracotomy group (P = 0.047), and 5-year recurrence-free survival was 58.5 and 48.6% (P = 0.480), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with thoracotomy access, the VATS approach to segmentectomy was associated with less postoperative morbidity and a 25% decrease in median hospital stay, despite a conversion rate of 30% due to the inclusion of atypical segmentectomies, higher @entity5 stages and @entity1 with critical function for single lung ventilation. Five-year survival estimates suggested a small but significant overall survival benefit and a 10% difference of recurrence-free survival in favour of VATS. Although not fully conclusive, long-term results indicate that the thoracoscopic access to segmentectomy is probably not inferior to the thoracotomy approach. Confirmation by a larger number of risk-adjusted outcome data is required.

title: Comparative intention-to-treat analysis of the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery approach to XXXX   .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary segmentectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung carcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['pulmonary segmentectomy for lung carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2916 is an @entity74 characterized by @entity410 that are refractory to medication in severely affected individuals. The mechanism involved in drug resistance in @entity2916 is unknown. The proteins @entity1262 (multidrug resistance) and @entity11092 ) are linked to chemotherapy resistance in @entity5 cells. However, the relationship between refractoriness to antiepileptic drugs and @entity1262 or @entity11092 brain expression has been poorly studied. We have previously described a case of @entity2916 with @entity302 that expressed multidrug resistance gene ( @entity1262 ) in tuber cells from @entity75 . In this retrospective study, we describe the expression of @entity1262 and @entity11092 in the @entity2916 of three pediatric @entity1 with @entity2916 and @entity302 surgically treated. Monoclonal antibodies for @entity1262 and @entity11092 proteins were used for immunohistochemistry. In epileptogenic cortical tuber brain specimens, @entity1262 and @entity11092 proteins were strongly immunoreactive in abnormal balloon cells, dysplastic neurons, astrocytes, microglial cells, and some blood-brain vessels. A more extensive @entity1262 immunoreactivity was observed. These data suggest that @entity302 phenotype in @entity2916 can be associated with the expression of both multidrug resistance @entity1262 and @entity11092 transporters in @entity2916 .

title: Multidrug resistance proteins in XXXX and @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['epileptogenic brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity11092 :: ('4363', 'Gene') :: ['MRP-1', 'MRP-1 (multidrug resistance-associated protein-1']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis', 'Tuberous sclerosis', 'epileptogenic cortical tubers']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impact of training programs on the care and maintenance of @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has been assessed mainly in @entity1 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Data on the impact of such programs in a whole general hospital are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess compliance with @entity1211 care after an extensive training program aimed at nurses caring for adult ICU and non-ICU @entity1 . METHODS: We performed 2 point prevalence studies in a general hospital. A specialized nurse visited all hospitalized adult @entity1 , performed a bedside inspection, and reviewed the nursing records for @entity1 with a @entity1211 before and after a 1-year training program. The program included an interactive on-line teaching component and distribution of pocket leaflets and posters with recommendations on @entity1211 care. RESULTS: Data recorded for the first and second prevalence studies were as follows: number of @entity1 visited, 753 vs. 682; total number of @entity1 with   >=    1 @entity1211 implanted on the visit day, 653 (86.7%) vs 585 (85.8%); catheters considered unnecessary on the study day, 183 (22.9%) vs 48 (7.1%) (p   <   0.001); number of catheters with local clinical evidence of @entity281 on the study day, 18 (2.2%) vs 12 (1.8%) (p   =   0.52); registration of insertion day (42.3% vs 50.1%; p   =   0.003); and registration of day of dressing change (41.2% vs 49.1%; p   =   0.003). Maintenance parameters improved more in non-ICU than in ICU @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A multidisciplinary teaching program to improve @entity1211 care and compliance with recommendations is effective. Point prevalence studies are easy to carry out and effective at demonstrating increases in compliance, mainly in non-ICU @entity1 .

title: Effectiveness of a training program in compliance with recommendations for XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'venous lines']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous lines']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoluminal repair of thoracic aortic pathology has become established in clinical practice, but is associated with significant @entity16 . The aim of this study was to identify factors that were predictive of @entity64 and @entity451 . METHODS: Prospective data was collected for a cohort of 293 consecutive @entity1 having thoracic aortic endovascular repair between August 1997 and September 2009. @entity1 and procedural characteristics were related to the incidence of @entity64 and @entity451 using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age was 68 years (18-87), there were 191 @entity1 and 102 @entity1 . Mortality was 5.1% for 195 elective and 13.4% for 98 urgent @entity1 . @entity64 affected 16 (5.5%) @entity1 : 11 affected the anterior and 5 the posterior circulation. Coverage of the left subclavian artery with no revascularisation was the only significant factor predictive of @entity64 (OR 5.34 (1.42-20.40) P = 0.01). @entity451 affected 16 @entity1 (5.5%) but no independent risk factor was identified: 12 were identified perioperatively and 4 were delayed by up to 6 months. CONCLUSION: Covering the left subclavian artery without revascularisation increases the risk of @entity64 following endoluminal repair of thoracic pathology. @entity451 appears to be more complex and no independent precipitating factor was identified.

title: Predictors of @entity64 and XXXX in thoracic aortic endovascular intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity451 :: (MESH:C536857,Disease) :: ['paraplegia']


abstract: Clinical and cytogenetic studied were done on 12 @entity1 with @entity981 . The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 17 to 58 years (median, 24.5 years). Males predominated by a ration of 5:1. Ten of the 12 @entity1 had a mediastinal mass at diagnosis; two thirds of the @entity1 had involvement of the bone marrow (3 of 12 @entity1 initially were in a leukemic phase), and 5 of 12 @entity1 had involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) with @entity706 . In all @entity1 , the malignant cells were characterized by nuclear convolutions. Cytogenetic studies done on four @entity1 showed @entity2008 in two cases. Six of the 12 @entity1 were treated with the combination chemotherapy regimen @entity4195 and received CNS prophylaxis; their survival was slightly longer than that of the other @entity1 , who were treated with a variety of treatment regimens. Two of the 12 @entity1 achieved a complete remission. The median survival of all @entity1 was 11.5 months but was shorter in @entity1 with initial CNS involvement or @entity1778 . The poor results achieved thus far in the treatment of this disease demand a new therapeutic approach.

title: XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['clonal chromosome abnormalities']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['Lymphoblastic lymphoma']


abstract: Inadequate primary treatment of calcaneal @entity174 frequently results in persistent, @entity158 . This can be caused by @entity625 , an @entity101 , and/or @entity924 . Many @entity1 experience multiple disorders simultaneously, requiring a combination of procedures to treat the injury. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic debridement with lateral calcaneal ostectomy for @entity158 after a calcaneal @entity174 . Four feet (4 @entity1 ) were treated with arthroscopic debridement and lateral calcaneal ostectomy. The @entity1 were 3  males and 1 female, with a mean age of 55.3      14.1  years. The mean follow-up duration was 33.5      10.5  months postoperatively. Three @entity1 @entity1538 as a result of their condition. The @entity1 were examined for improvement in @entity158 levels using the numeric @entity158 intensity scale and healing was assessed using the Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot score. The mean Japanese Society of Surgery of the Foot score improved from 64.5      13.8 preoperatively to 82.5      7.1 postoperatively. The mean postoperative numeric @entity158 intensity scale score was 2.3      1.9. No complications, such as @entity281 with wound healing, were observed in any of the @entity1 . The simultaneous use of arthroscopic subtalar debridement and lateral calcaneal ostectomy is a valuable intervention for the treatment of @entity158 after a calcaneal @entity174 in @entity1 who present with @entity101 and mild or no degenerative changes in the subtalar joint.

title: Simultaneous use of lateral calcaneal ostectomy and subtalar arthroscopic debridement for XXXX after a calcaneal @entity174 .

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ["received worker's compensation"]

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased calcaneal width']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['subtalar arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneal fibular impingement of the peroneal tendons']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection or problems']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['residual pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['residual pain']


abstract: @entity72986 (CFAs) are synthetized in situ by the transfer of a @entity845 group from @entity3874 to a double bond of @entity5031 chains of membrane phospholipids. This conversion, catalyzed by the @entity3795 synthase enzyme, occurs in many bacteria and is recognized to play a key role in the adaptation of bacteria in response to a drastic perturbation of the environment. The role of CFAs in the acid tolerance response was investigated in the lactic acid bacterium @entity7878 MG1363. A mutant of the @entity3795 gene was constructed by allelic exchange. The @entity3795 gene encoding the @entity3795 synthase was cloned and introduced into the mutant to obtain the @entity465 for homologous system studies. Data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) validated that the mutant could not produce @entity3795 . The @entity3795 levels in both the wild-type and complemented strains increased upon their entry to stationary phase, especially with acid-adapted cells or, more surprisingly, with @entity1068 -adapted cells. The results obtained by performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments showed that transcription of the @entity3795 gene was highly induced by acidity (by 10-fold with cells grown at pH 5.0) and by @entity1068 (by 9-fold with cells grown with 6% @entity1068 ) in comparison with that in stationary phase. Cell viability experiments were performed after an acidic shock on the mutant strain, the wild-type strain, and the @entity465 , as a control. The higher viability level of the acid-adapted cells of the three strains after 3 h of shock proved that the cyclopropanation of @entity1474 is not essential for @entity26135 survival under acidic conditions. Moreover, fluorescence anisotropy data showed that @entity3795 itself could not maintain the membrane fluidity level, particularly with @entity1068 -grown cells.

title: Cyclopropanation of membrane @entity1474 is not essential to the acid stress response of @entity7878 subsp. XXXX .

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity72986 :: ('MESH:C028775', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclopropane fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity26135 :: ('1359', 'Species') :: ['L. lactis subsp. cremoris']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complemented strain']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity26135 :: (1359,Species) :: ['cremoris']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) requires later cranioplasty (CP) in survivors. However, if additional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement due to shunt-dependent @entity1276 is necessary, the optimal timing of both procedures still remains controversial. We therefore analyzed our computerized database concerning the optimal timing of CP and @entity260 . METHODS: From 2009-2014, 41 cranioplasty procedures with simultaneous or staged VPS placement were performed at the authors' institution. @entity1 were stratified into two groups according to the time from CP to VPS ("simultaneous" and "staged"). @entity1 characteristics, timing of CP and VPS, as well as procedure-related complications, were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS: Overall CP and VPS were performed simultaneously in 41% and in staged fashion in 59% of the @entity1 . The overall complication rate was 27%. @entity1 who underwent simultaneous CP and VPS suffered significantly more often from complications compared with @entity1 who underwent staged CP and VPS procedures (47% vs. 12%; P = 0.03). @entity1 with simultaneous CP and VPS had a significantly higher rate of infectious postoperative complications compared with @entity1 with staged procedures (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, simultaneous CP and VPS procedure was the only significant predictor of postoperative complication after CP and VPS (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: We provide detailed data on surgical timing and complications for cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement after DC. The present data suggest that @entity1 who undergo staged CP and VPS procedures might benefit from a lower complication rate. This might influence future surgical decision making regarding optimal timing of CP and VPS placement.

title: Cranioplasty and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement after Decompressive Craniectomy: Staged Surgery Is Associated with Fewer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['VPS regarding postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['Postoperative Complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prior to 1993, the follow-up program for our pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) was the responsibility of the rotating senior pediatric resident. There were inherent problems with this system, as a consequence of inconsistent personnel. The residents' revolving schedules and the fact that they were accountable to other clinical areas decreased their availability for follow-up. Also, it was difficult for the clerical staff to identify the @entity1 responsible for answering parent calls. The medical director of the @entity341 made the decision to turn the core responsibility for the follow-up program to the nurse practitioners in addition to their direct care provider role. The nurse practitioner group is a consistent member of the treatment team who has the critical thinking skills necessary to handle the majority of issues that require follow-up. The emergency attending physicians are available for consultation whenever questions arise. OBJECTIVE: Review of current follow-up program of a pediatric @entity341 and its impact on @entity1 care, @entity1 /parent satisfaction, and communication with community providers and specialists. METHOD: A retrospective review of the evolution of the multi-faceted follow-up of @entity1 from an urban pediatric @entity341 . RESULTS: Antidotal evidence suggests that a comprehensive follow-up program increases @entity1 satisfaction, improves communication between the @entity341 , primary care providers, and specialists. It also decreases the workload of the attending emergency physicians, allowing them more time to focus on acute issues. In addition, the follow-up program for @entity341 @entity1 can decrease the medical /legal risks associated with reporting of delayed laboratory results. CONCLUSION: The next step in further reviewing this program is the development of a satisfaction questionnaire for @entity1 / families and community providers to quantify their level of satisfaction with the program. A retrospective chart review of the @entity1 who received a follow-up phone call after discharge, and the return visit rate would be another avenue to pursue to validate our antidotal information.

title: A pediatric XXXX follow-up system: completing the cycle of care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity1943 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity1 with active @entity309 , 4 @entity1 with severe @entity571 ( @entity571 ), and 30 control @entity1 were studied. The @entity1943 analog [111In- @entity12306 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity1943 analog @entity11033 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity158 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity1 with @entity309 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity158 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity309 @entity1 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity1 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity1 with @entity571 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity1 with @entity309 . None of the joints of the control @entity1 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity1 with active @entity309 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with active @entity309 is presently unknown.

title: XXXX receptor imaging. The presence of @entity1943 receptors in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful joints', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1943 :: (MESH:D013004,Chemical) :: ['Somatostatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity4776 is 'an anatomical entity in which the pituitary fossa is partially or completely filled with cerebrospinal fluid, while the pituitary gland is compressed against the posterior rim of the fossa'. Reports of this entities relating to the @entity1313 not situated in the pituitary fossa, have rarely been reported. METHODS: In order to analyze the incidence and relationship of @entity4776 in @entity1 having @entity1313 , the authors reviewed preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 72 @entity1 with @entity1313 regardless of pathology except the @entity977 . The @entity1 were operated in single institute by one surgeon. There were 25 males and 47 females and mean @entity1 age was 53 years old (range from 5 years to 84 years). @entity5 volume was ranged from 2 cc to 238 cc. RESULTS: The overall incidence of @entity4776 was positive in 57/72 cases (79.2%). Sorted by the pathology, @entity4776 was highest in @entity1653 (88.9%, p = 0.042). The @entity4776 was correlated with @entity1 's increasing age (p = 0.003) and increasing @entity5 volume (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Careful review of brain MRI with periodic follow up is necessary for the detection of secondary @entity4776 in @entity1 with @entity1313 . In @entity1 with confirmed @entity4776 , follow up is mandatory for the management of @entity4614 , cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity227 and @entity428 .

title: Analysis of XXXX secondary to the @entity1313 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['rhinorrhea, visual disturbance']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['definition of empty sella syndrome', 'empty sella']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumors']

answer: @entity4776 :: (MESH:D004652,Disease) :: ['empty sella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central @entity1224 is still challenging to physicians. We herein report on our experiences with bronchotherapeutic procedures over a recent 8-month period. METHODS: From January 2002 to August 2002, 21 @entity1 received 26 procedures (4 core outs, 6 dilations, 13 stent placements, 2 biopsies, and 1 foreign body removal). All @entity1 were treated with or assisted using a rigid bronchoscope technique, except in 1 case in which a fiber bronchoscope was used. The etiologies included 4 cases of @entity2 , 3 cases of @entity5 , 6 cases of airway intubation, 2 cases of @entity378 , 1 case of @entity850 , 1 case of @entity130 , 1 case of subglottic web, 1 case of foreign body, and 2 cases of unknown origin. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 receiving bronchotherapeutic procedures benefited from the procedures, with 2 complications occurring in our series. One @entity1 who was 87 years old with @entity418 and @entity4501 died 5 days after the operation. Stent-related complications occurred in 2 @entity1 (1 collapse by compression and 1 @entity9358 ). No airway laceration occurred while performing the procedure. Two instances of intraoperative @entity548 were encountered, which were successfully controlled by compression of the lesion using the side of the rigid bronchoscope. CONCLUSIONS: In malignant airway obstructions, we resected the @entity5 with the tip of the rigid bronchoscope. Stents were reserved for @entity1 with residual obstruction or severe extrinsic compression. In benign airway obstructions, dilation with a rigid bronchoscope was routinely used. @entity6619 stents were preferred for managing benign @entity1224 .

title: Preliminary experience with bronchotherapeutic procedures in central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['post-anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4501 :: ('MESH:D014138', 'Disease') :: ['tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endobronchial tumor', 'malignancy-related tracheoesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal trauma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['laryngotracheal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity9358 :: ('MESH:D009078', 'Disease') :: ['mucous obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['airway obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to profile @entity1 who were treated with high dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for @entity8376 that occurred after hysterectomy, with special reference to a rational prescription of radiation dose. STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed 13 @entity1 who were treated for posthysterectomy @entity8376 by the brachytherapy as the sole treatment. The brachytherapy was delivered by a remote-controlled afterloading intracavitary radiation system. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 62 years. The total dose of absorbed radiation was 36 and 30 Gy that was prescribed at 1.0-cm depth to the vaginal surface in 3 cases and at 40 and 30 Gy that was prescribed at 0.5-cm depth in 10 cases. All @entity1 had @entity3137 changes of mild to moderate grade. Three cases that were irradiated to a total dose of 30 Gy at 1.0-cm depth had @entity548 and/or macroscopic @entity811 . Complaints regarding sexual functioning were not found in this retrospective analysis. All @entity1 remain free of disease after a median follow-up period of 127 months. CONCLUSION: High dose-rate brachytherapy with a dose prescription at 0.5-cm depth can yield a promising rate of @entity5 control, with lower associated morbidity than that with a dose prescription at 1.0-cm depth in the treatment of posthysterectomy @entity8376 .

title: High dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for XXXX occurring after hysterectomy: a rational prescription of radiation dose.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['rectal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity8376 :: ('MESH:D014625', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma in situ of the vagina']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal mucosal radiation']

answer: @entity8376 :: (MESH:D014625,Disease) :: ['carcinoma in situ of the vagina']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival rates are commonly used to measure success in treating @entity5 , but can be misleading. Modern diagnostic practices can lead to the appearance of improving @entity5 survival, as @entity5 are diagnosed earlier (lead-time bias) or as an increasing proportion are slow-growing (length bias), whereas the actual burden of @entity5 deaths is unchanged. Increasingly, more @entity259 are being diagnosed. The objective of the current study was to determine whether @entity259 survival rates have been affected by this phenomenon. METHODS: The authors analyzed survival data from @entity1 with @entity259 who were treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering @entity5 Center (MSKCC) from 1950 to 2005, and United States population-based incidence, prevalence, and survival data from 1973 to 2009 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set. RESULTS: US @entity259 incidence has increased 3-fold from 1975 to 2009. Over time, the proportion of @entity259 that are subcentimeter in size has increased from 23% (1983) to 36% (2009). At MSKCC, this percentage rose from 20% (1950) to 35% (2005). The incidence rates of large @entity5 (>6 cm) and distant metastasis have not changed. In the United States, 10-year relative survival improved from 95.4% to 98.6% (1983-1999). At MSKCC, 10-year disease-specific survival improved from 91.1% to 96.1% (1950-2005). However, when stratified by @entity5 size and stage, no changes in survival outcomes were observed. US @entity259 mortality rates have remained stable (1975-2009). CONCLUSIONS: Modern medical practices increasingly uncover small, asymptomatic @entity259 . Survival rates appear improved, but this finding is spurious, attributable instead to shifts in the characteristics of disease being diagnosed. Relying on survival rates to measure success in treating @entity259 may reinforce inappropriately aggressive management. Treatment decisions in @entity259 should be made based on mortality, not survival data. @entity5 2015.    2014 American @entity5 Society.

title: Increasing diagnosis of XXXX leads to spurious improvements in survival rates.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancers', 'thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['subclinical thyroid cancers']