abstract: @entity444 and @entity14258 both are common causes of primary @entity2588 . Coexistence of @entity444 and @entity14258 has been previously described as a rare event. The karyotypes, 45,XO,45,X/46,XX,45,X/46,X,dic(X),46,XX, and 46,XY, have been reported in the literature. A 22-year-old @entity1 presented with primary @entity2588 and normal intelligence. Her physical examination confirmed the absence of breast development and axillary hair. The @entity1 weighed 43 kg and was 150 cm tall. Scoliosis of the thoracic spine was noted on a chest X-ray film. Also, her pelvic examination revealed a vaginal introitus with a vaginal depth of 7 cm, measured by sounding. Her external genitalia were female but lacked pubic hair. The rectal examination failed to reveal a uterus. Pelvic ultrasound disclosed the absence of uterus and ovaries, and her serum gonadotropin levels were in the menopausal range (FSH, 118.59 IU/L; LH, 38.94 IU/L). @entity53 was less than 10 pg/ml. Two mosaic cell lines, 45,X (50%) and 46,X,del(X)(p22.2X50%), were found in the chromosomal study. Laparoscopic evaluation confirmed the absence of uterus and ovaries with normal fallopian tubes. Coexistence of @entity444 and @entity14258 is a rare event. The two mosaic cell lines 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p22.2) in this combination have not been reported before. In @entity1 with this condition, @entity172 will initiate and sustain maturation and function of secondary sexual characteristics, and lifelong hormone therapy will protect against @entity170 and @entity65 .

title: Coexistence of @entity444 and XXXX with two mosaic cell lines 45,X/46,X,del(X)(p22.2).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14258 :: ('MESH:C537371', 'Disease') :: ['Mullerian agenesis']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

entities_list: @entity444 :: ('MESH:D006059', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal dysgenesis', 'Gonadal dysgenesis']

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity14258 :: (MESH:C537371,Disease) :: ['Mullerian agenesis']


abstract: Controversy continues over the optimal method of resecting @entity5142 . Electrosurgery, cryosurgery and laser resection have all had some clinical success. We sought to compare these treatment methods in experimentally-created @entity5142 . Subglottic strictures were created transbronchoscopically in newborn @entity742 by electrocoagulating a rim of mucosa. Four weeks later, all had 20 to 90% occlusion documented bronchoscopically. Control animals were found to have dense @entity82 in the cricoid area. Remaining experimental animals were treated with: (1) electrosurgical resection; (2) cryosurgical treatment; (3) @entity3278 -yag (Nd:Yag) laser at 20 watts; (4) Nd:Yag laser with 40 watts; or (5) @entity544 laser at 10 watts. Animals from each group were sacrificed at 5 and 30 days postresection and the tracheas were examined grossly and microscopically. Animals sacrificed at 30 days postresection were bronchoscoped at weekly intervals. Cryosurgical and electrosurgical resection resulted in 1-3 mm of thermal damage adjacent to the margin of resection at 5 days post-treatment. Mucosal ingrowth and healing were rapid and there was no development of @entity850 or damage to underlying structures. Use of the Nd:Yag laser resulted in 10-20 mm of surrounding damage in animals sacrificed at 5 days. At 30 days posttreatment, there was mucosal healing but extreme underlying damage and redevelopment of @entity850 at the level of treatment. The @entity544 laser-treated animals showed thermal damage present up to 2 mm in depth from resected areas at 5 days post-treatment. Mucosal regeneration proceeded rapidly. This study indicates that electrosurgical and cryosurgical resection for experimental @entity5142 create minimal thermal damage and are associated with comparably acceptable rates of @entity33 and healing. The @entity544 laser created comparable to slightly decreased thermal damage but suffers at present from lack of optimal visualization of the subglottic lesion.

title: XXXX : histopathologic and bronchoscopic comparison of electrosurgical, cryosurgical, and laser resection.

entities_list: @entity3278 :: ('MESH:D009354', 'Chemical') :: ['Neodymium']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity5142 :: (MESH:D007829,Disease) :: ['Experimental subglottic stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) is an @entity14827 . The genetic cause is an expansion of CAG repeats located in the @entity2034 gene. Though the number of CAG repeats ((CAG)n) can largely explain the @entity22072 ( @entity22072 ), a percentage of its variation could be attributed to modifier genes and to environmental factors. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic modifiers of the @entity22072 of @entity2033 including: (CAG)n and del2642 in the @entity2034 gene, @entity28569 @entity28571 , @entity31482 @entity72998 , @entity6217 @entity33975 and @entity5855 @entity72999 . Eighteen @entity1 with positive family history and @entity2033 suggestive symptoms were recruited. The (CAG)n and gene polymorphisms were determined by different molecular biology techniques. We observed that the (CAG)n influenced in a 64.5% of the variability in the @entity22072 . We also showed that the @entity28571 variant significantly affected this variability. However, the influence of @entity5855 , del2642, @entity31482 and @entity6217 gene polymorphisms could not be replicated, perhaps due to small sample size. Genetic studies including the molecular determination of (CAG)n in addition to other genetic modifiers involved in the variability of the @entity22072 were first performed in Uruguay. We could replicate in our cohort the anticipation effect on the @entity22072 by the @entity28569 @entity28571 . Our results confirm the usefulness of an expanded molecular characterization in @entity2033 @entity1 .

title: Molecular characterization of genes modifying the age at onset in @entity2033 in Uruguayan XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's Disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity22072 :: ('MESH:C564653', 'Disease') :: ['age at onset of symptoms', 'AAO']

entities_list: @entity14827 :: ('MESH:D020271', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary neurodegenerative disorder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Monocytes may contribute to a coagulation process by expression of the tissue factor and by synthesizing factors V, VII, X and XIII. Cultured blood monocytes also express both the tissue plasminogen activator and the plasminogen activator inhibitor I. The present study assesses the ability of @entity1 monocytes to secrete protein C and its cofactor protein S, which are potent inhibitors of the clotting cascade. Monocytes derived from the blood of healthy volunteers and prepared according to Boyum were cultured for up to 36 hours with or without lipopolisaccharide from @entity526 . After different times of incubation, the concentrations of proteins C and S in the supernatants were measured in order to determine synthesis of proteins, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of @entity1880 , the protein synthesis inhibitor. The concentration of protein C was estimated by means of the ELISA Protein C test (Boehringer Mannheim). Protein S concentrations were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell, using monospecific antisera (American Diagnostica Inc., N.Y.). The study showed that @entity1 monocytes, when stimulated by lipopolisaccharide, release proteins C and S in vitro. The concentration of these proteins in the culture supernatants markedly increased with time during the 36-hour observation. The supernatants obtained from the culture of unstimulated monocytes did not contain detectable quantities of the investigated proteins. The exposure of the cells to @entity1880 did not suppress the release of proteins C and S. In conclusion, our results suggest that monocytes are not able to synthesize proteins C and S. They can only release these factors. Furthermore, monocytes may be responsible for coagulation due to the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa by protein C.

title: Release of XXXX monocytes protein C and the cofactor protein S in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: This study reports the dynamics of changes in postnatal ontogenesis of the activity of soluble and membrane-bound forms of @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) and @entity16855 ( @entity16855 ) in sensorimotor cortex of @entity35 as well as the pattern of their changes after prenatal @entity519 (E14, 7% @entity3612 , 3 h) or acute @entity519 in adult animals (4 months, 7% @entity3612 , 3 h). In normally developing @entity35 the activity of the membrane-bound @entity4833 form in the sensorimotor cortex gradually increased up to the end of the first month after birth and remained at this high level during all further postnatal ontogenesis, while the activity of the soluble form of @entity4833 reached its maximum on the 10th day after birth and decreased significantly by the end of the first month. In animals exposed to prenatal @entity519 the activity both of the soluble and membrane bound forms of @entity4833 during the first two weeks after birth was 20-25% lower, as compared to controls but increased by the end of the first month and even exceeded the control values remaining increased up to old age (1.5 years). The activity of both @entity16855 forms in @entity35 sensorimotor cortex at all stages of postnatal ontogenesis was significantly lower than of @entity4833 , although the dynamics of their changes was similar to that of @entity4833 . Prenatal @entity519 led to a decrease in the activity of the membrane-bound form of @entity16855 , as compared to controls, practically at all developmental stages studied, but was higher at the end of the first month after birth. At the same time, the activity of the soluble form of @entity16855 was decreased only on the 20th day of development, as compared to the control, but increased from the end of the first month of life onwards. Acute @entity519 in adult @entity35 also led to a decrease in the activity of both forms of @entity4833 and @entity16855 in the sensorimotor cortex but the dynamics of these changes was different for each enzyme. Thus, insufficient @entity26 supply to the nervous tissue at different stages of ontogenesis has a significant effect on the activity and ratio of various forms of cholinesterases exhibiting either @entity2140 or signaling properties. This may lead to changes in brain development and formation of behavioural reactions, including learning and memory, and also increase the risk of development of the sporadic form of @entity195 ( @entity195 )--one of the most common @entity179 of advanced age. This study expands our knowledge of the properties of brain cholinesterases under normal and pathological conditions and may be useful for developing new approaches towards prevention and treatment of @entity195 .

title: [The effect of @entity519 on cholinesterase activity in XXXX sensorimotor cortex].

entities_list: @entity16855 :: ('65036(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['butyrylcholinesterase', 'BChE']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity303 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity1 with @entity3669 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity3605 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity1 with a double mutation in the @entity3669 gene. He showed @entity4653 , gait disturbance, and @entity73 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity3605 clinically, and analyzed the @entity3669 gene, which revealed a @entity31966 mutation and a @entity63782 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity1 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity31966 and @entity63782 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity3605 @entity1 . For @entity1 with a double @entity3669 gene mutation, only @entity31966 and @entity63782 have been known. @entity1 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the @entity3669 gene might show an @entity66 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity3605 with a double mutation ( @entity31966 / @entity63782 ) in the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['atypical disease course']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity3669 :: (5621,Gene) :: ['PRNP']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to compare the equipotent doses of @entity1342 and @entity1343 for walk-out criteria and the characteristics of spinal anesthesia in inguinal herniorrhaphy surgery. METHODS: Combined spinal-epidural anesthesia was performed. Adult @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive 5  mg 0.5% @entity1342 plus 25   g @entity3575 (group RF, n  =  25) or 3.75  mg 0.75% @entity1343 plus 25   g @entity3575 (group LF, n  =  25). Each solution was hypobaric, and the same volume, 3  ml, was administered. Sensory and motor block characteristics, hemodynamic changes, side effects, number of @entity1 having ability to stand and walk at the end of the operation, time to first analgesic requirement, time to urination, time to getting out of bed (ambulation), and time to home discharge were determined. RESULTS: Sensory block onset time and time to reach the T6 dermatome were significantly shorter in group LF, whereas time to the two-segment regression and time to first analgesic requirement were significantly shorter in group RF. All @entity1 in group LF were Bromage 0. Time to home discharge was shorter in group LF, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: We suggest that both local anesthetics can be used in walking spinal technique. @entity1343 may be an alternative local anesthetic for walking spinal anesthesia as it provides minimum motor block and a long duration of @entity86 , even if its use is not associated with a shorter home discharge time.

title: Low-dose XXXX or @entity1343 walking spinal anesthesia in ambulatory inguinal herniorrhaphy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1343 :: ('MESH:C476513', 'Chemical') :: ['Levobupivacaine', 'levobupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative analgesia']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1342 :: (MESH:C037663,Chemical) :: ['ropivacaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyramiding multiple genes into a desirable genetic background can take years to accomplish. In this paper, a pseudo-backcrossing scheme was designed to shorten the backcrossing cycle needed. PinK3, an aromatic and potentially high-yielding @entity579 variety-although one that is intolerant to flash flooding (Sub) and susceptible to @entity2348 ( @entity2348 ), leaf-neck blast (BL) and the @entity3312 ( @entity3312 )-was used as a genetic basis for significant improvements through gene pyramiding. RESULTS: Four resistance donors with five target genes (Sub1A-C, xa5, Xa21, TPS and SSIIa) and three QTLs (qBph3, qBL1 and qBL11) were backcrossed individually using markers into the pseudo-recurrent parent 'PinK3' via one cycle of backcrossing followed by two cycles of pseudo-backcrossing and three selfings with rigorous foreground marker-assisted selection. In total, 29 pseudo-backcross inbred lines (BILs) were developed. Genome composition was surveyed using 61 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), 35 of which were located on six carrier chromosomes, with the remainder located on six non-carrier chromosomes. The recurrent genome content (%RGC) and donor genome content (%DGC), which were based on the physical positions of BC1F2, ranged from 69.99 to 88.98% and 11.02 to 30.01%, respectively. For the pseudo-BC3F3BILs, the %RGC and %DGC ranged from 74.50 to 81.30% and 18.70 to 25.50%, respectively. These results indicated that without direct background selection, no further increases in %RGC were obtained during pseudo-backcrossing, whereas rigorous foreground marker-assisted selection tended to reduce linkage drag during pseudo-backcrossing. The evaluation of new traits in selected pseudo-BC3F3BILs indicated significant improvements in resistance to @entity2348 , BL, @entity3312 and Sub compared with PinK3, as well as significant improvements in grain yield (21-68%) over the donors, although yield was 7-26% lower than in 'PinK3'. All pyramided lines were aromatic and exhibited improved starch profiles, rendering them suitable for industrial food applications. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that our new pyramiding platform, which is based on marker-assisted pseudo-backcrossing, can fix five target genes and three QTLs into a high-yielding pseudo-recurrent background within seven breeding cycles in four years. This multiple pseudo-backcrossing platform decreases the time required to generate new @entity579 varieties exhibiting complex, durable resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in backgrounds with desirable qualities.

title: Pseudo-backcrossing design for rapidly pyramiding multiple traits into a preferential XXXX variety.

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['BB', 'bacterial leaf blight']

entities_list: @entity3312 :: ('MESH:D002095', 'Disease') :: ['BPH', 'brown planthopper']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of oral postoperative @entity134 therapy in facial plastic surgery on mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis. DESIGN: Double-blind randomized trial with placebo control. SETTING: Private practice, ambulatory care facility. @entity1 : Any @entity1 who was to undergo a procedure in which we had previously been employing postoperative @entity134 therapy was a potential @entity1 . Any @entity1 with known contraindications to @entity134 use was excluded. A consecutive, volunteer sample of 60 of 65 @entity1 approached agreed to participate. Five @entity1 of the 60 who participated were excluded from the final results owing to either study or @entity1 errors, leaving a total sample of 55 @entity1 . All 55 @entity1 completed the study in the 7-day follow-up period. No @entity1 were withdrawn owing to adverse effects. INTERVENTION: Taper of @entity229 therapy from 60 mg orally and decreasing by 10 mg each day over a total of 6 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mood, @entity4 , and ecchymosis. RESULTS: No significant differences were noted in mood, @entity4 , or ecchymosis between the placebo and intervention groups. The study observer was blinded to @entity1 groupings in the subjective measures of @entity4 and ecchymosis. The @entity1 rated any changes in mood and were also blinded to the group in which they belonged. CONCLUSIONS: The use of oral @entity230 given postoperatively in facial plastic surgery may be unnecessary and may subject the @entity1 to undue risk. Further studies would be helpful to determine the potential benefit of @entity230 given in different dosages, routes, and timing in relation to the procedure.

title: Effects of @entity230 on mood, XXXX , and ecchymosis in facial plastic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: Adverse effects and venous blood @entity3265 concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 months in @entity1 with @entity302 treated with @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ). During the 1st, 4th, 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of therapy, blood samples for analysis of @entity3265 and anticonvulsants were taken immediately before the morning dose of @entity2052 as well as 2 h after dosing. In all, 40 @entity1 completed the follow-up; 16 of these (Group 1) received @entity2052 alone, while the remaining 24 (Group 2) were treated simultaneously with @entity2052 and other anticonvulsants ( @entity109 , @entity3174 , and/or @entity2049 ). In Group 1 @entity1 , a slight though significant increase in @entity3265 concentrations was found during long-term @entity2052 treatment; this trend was even more pronounced in Group 2 @entity1 . The difference between postdose and predose @entity3265 levels in Group 2 @entity1 was significant at each of the five follow-up examinations. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrated in @entity1 of Group 1. @entity2052 concentrations were found to be consistently higher in Group 2 @entity1 than in Group 1. Twenty-three @entity1 complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free. The adverse effects reported included drowsiness, @entity400 , @entity1017 , hair loss, and @entity344 . Our data confirm the previously suggested hypothesis that changes in venous blood @entity3265 are particularly evident in @entity1 taking @entity2052 in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity109 and @entity3174 .

title: Long-term treatment with @entity1092 : monitoring of venous XXXX concentrations and adverse effects.

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity3265 :: (MESH:D000641,Chemical) :: ['ammonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The French drug authorities audited first-time prescription of @entity1583 growth factors using a prescription follow-up survey. Data collected between April 1995 and March 1996 were analyzed then criticized by three clinical experts working in three different areas where lenograstime is most widely used. METHODS: First-time prescription data and follow-up information were recorded on separate inclusion and follow-up diaries by the prescribing physicians. The delivering pharmacies complete the diaries and addressed them to the INSERM unit 330 for analysis. RESULTS: There were 7,102 inclusion diaries and 1376 follow-up diaries from 234 different hospital facilities. Lenograstime was most frequently prescribed in @entity1 with @entity706 (19%), @entity0 (16.4%), and @entity2 (13.8%). Prescriptions involved 377 different chemotherapy protocols, including 196 which concerned a single @entity1 . At the first prescription, lenograstime was given as a preventive measure in 61% of the cases and for curative therapy in 25.3%. The planned duration of preventive treatment was longer than the true period of treatment. DISCUSSION: Pr Rossi, hematologist, Pr Misset, cancerologist and Pr Lebeau, pneumologist criticized the findings.

title: [Prescription of a XXXX growth factor, lenograstim, in current practice. Results and commentaries of a national survey from April 1995 to March 1996].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) and @entity296 are considered common findings of the @entity296 in echocardiography studies. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of @entity4346 , @entity299 and @entity296 was undertaken in @entity1 with @entity2012 using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRi) before and after 12 months of @entity2390 long-acting repeatable treatment. @entity1 AND METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with active @entity2012 submitted to biochemical analysis and CMRi before and after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, echocardiography was performed before treatment. RESULTS: Forty consecutive @entity1 were evaluated using CMRi at baseline and 30 @entity1 were reevaluated after 12 months of treatment. Additionally, 29 of these @entity1 were submitted to echocardiography. Using CMRi, the frequency of @entity4346 was 5%. The mean left ventricular mass index (LVMi) was 61.73    18.8 g/m(2). The mean @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) was 61.85    9.2%, and all @entity1 had normal systolic function. Late @entity2287 enhancement was present in five @entity1 (13.5%), and one @entity1 (3.5%) had an increased extracellular volume. After treatment, 12 @entity1 (40%) had criteria for disease control. No clinically relevant differences in cardiac variables before and after treatment were observed. Additionally, there was no difference in LVMi and @entity1002 among @entity1 with and without disease control. Using echocardiography, 31% of the @entity1 had @entity4346 , mean LVMi was 117.8    46.3 g/m(2) and mean @entity1002 was 67.3    4.4%. All @entity1 had normal systolic function. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated by CMRi, the gold-standard method, that @entity1 with active @entity2012 might have a lower prevalence of @entity299 than previously reported.

title: Low Frequency of @entity296 Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in an XXXX Contemporary Cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis', 'acromegaly cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities', 'systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['Acromegaly']


abstract: The effect of @entity5230 , a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on a transplantable @entity420 in Fischer @entity35 was studied. Forty male Fischer @entity35 were injected with 1 X 10(6) DMH-F317 @entity420 cells, and after 2 weeks were assigned to be treated with @entity5230 or carrier solution. The groups were as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, 4.0 mg/kg @entity5230 ; Group 3, 6.0 mg/kg @entity5230 ; and Group 4, 8.0 mg/kg @entity5230 . Thirty-nine of forty @entity35 developed measurable @entity5 during this study. At the conclusion, 60% (6/10) of the @entity35 in Group 2 were @entity5 free compared to 0/10 controls, 0/10 Group 3 @entity35 , and 1/8 Group 4 @entity35 . (P less than 0.005, chi 2). Mean @entity5 volumes (mm3) were calculated for each group and converted to log10. At Week 6, the mean log10 @entity5 volume (+/- SEM) for Group 2 was 1.5 +/- 0.6 vs 4.1 +/- 0.1 for Group 1 (P less than 0.05). The mean log10 volume for Group 3 was 3.8 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.05 vs Group 2). The mean log10 volume for Group 4 was 3.4 +/- 0.05 and was not significantly different from that for Group 2 (P greater than 0.05). Plasma @entity1421 levels for each treatment group were determined at the conclusion of the study and no statistical difference between treatment groups was found. It is concluded that @entity5230 inhibits @entity5 growth in this model, and may have a role as a biological response modifier in @entity5 therapy.

title: @entity5230 inhibits the growth of an @entity420 isograft in Fischer XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Tissues from @entity2608 were screened by PCR for the presence of sequences homologous to known adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes 1-6. DNA spanning entire rep-cap ORFs from two novel AAVs, called AAV7 and AAV8, were isolated. Sequence comparisons among these and previously described AAVs revealed the greatest divergence in capsid proteins. AAV7 and AAV8 were not neutralized by heterologous antisera raised to the other serotypes. Neutralizing antibodies to AAV7 and AAV8 were rare in human serum and, when present, were low in activity. Vectors formed with capsids from AAV7 and AAV8 were generated by using rep and inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) from @entity4700 and were compared with similarly constructed vectors made from capsids of @entity21481 , @entity4700 , and @entity21481 . @entity19 models of skeletal muscle and liver-directed gene transfer were used to evaluate relative vector performance. AAV7 vectors demonstrated efficiencies of transgene expression in skeletal muscle equivalent to that observed with @entity21481 , the most efficient known serotype for this application. In liver, transgene expression was 10- to 100-fold higher with AAV8 than observed with other serotypes. This improved efficiency correlated with increased persistence of vector DNA and higher number of transduced hepatocytes. The efficiency of AAV8 vector for liver-directed gene transfer of factor IX was not impacted by preimmunization with the other AAV serotypes. Vectors based on these novel, nonhuman primate AAVs should be considered for @entity1 gene therapy because of low reactivity to antibodies directed to @entity1 AAVs and because gene transfer efficiency in muscle was similar to that obtained with the best known serotype, whereas, in liver, gene transfer was substantially higher than previously described.

title: Novel adeno-associated viruses from XXXX as vectors for @entity1 gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of a 12 week problem-solving (PS) counseling program to facilitate intensified walking with machinery monitoring on @entity1 with @entity6 in Korea. METHODS: The study used a quasi-experimental design. The @entity1 were 57 @entity1 with @entity6 from three endocrinology or internal medicine clinics in an urban city of South Korea. Moderate-intensity walking and PS counseling were recommended to both groups. The difference between the two groups was whether the intensity of the exercise was monitored by an ambulatory heart rate monitor (experimental group) or was self-regulated (comparison group). Those programs were evaluated in relation to BMI, glycemic control (blood @entity413 level, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]), a vascular complication index (total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 , @entity1674 , tissue plasminogen activator [ @entity3479 ], @entity2289 [ @entity2289 ], Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index), and coping strategies at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: The experimental group members showed dramatic decreases in their @entity413 and HbA1c levels at 3 months. The values of @entity3479 decreased significantly at baseline, compared to at 3 months. The levels of @entity2289 continuously declined and the Parma Cardiovascular Risk Index score did not change significantly from baseline to at 3 months, but showed significant effects at 6 months. CONCLUSION: A combined program of intensified walking, using a heart rate monitor, with PS counseling is more helpful to prevent complications than self-regulated exercise for @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 in Korea.

title: Effects of a problem-solving counseling program to facilitate intensified walking on Koreans with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['plasminogen activator inhibitor-1', 'PAI-1']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity1760 in treating @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has been controversial. Several small clinical trials indicate that @entity1760 may have a role in treating @entity583 early, whereas the other results suggest that @entity1760 is of questionable benefit. METHODS AND RESULTS: We looked at the effect of @entity1760 on @entity1188 size (IS) when given during a @entity1563 and after reperfusion. @entity2399 ( @entity73260 bolus plus 2 mEq/h for 5 hours) was given at 15 or 45 minutes of @entity1563 or 15 minutes of reperfusion. The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 90 minutes, followed by 300 minutes of reperfusion. IS to area at risk (IS/AR) was measured by planimetry after @entity5045 staining. Collateral myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. The IS/AR ratio in the control group was 52.3 +/- 19.6% compared with 20.5 +/- 11.7% and 21.3 +/- 6.5% at 15 and 45 minutes of occlusion, respectively (P < .05). There were no significant differences in the reduction in IS at 15 and 45 minutes of occlusion. Although there was a reduction in the IS when @entity1760 was administered during reperfusion (38.2 +/- 13.4%), it was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the AR relative to the total left ventricular weight between the four groups. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1760 infusion during a @entity1563 has a significant benefit in reducing the IS in this model. @entity1760 may have a beneficial clinical role in @entity583 , especially if administered before reperfusion as a bolus followed by a constant infusion.

title: @entity2399 reduces XXXX size when administered before but not after coronary reperfusion in a canine model.

entities_list: @entity5045 :: ('MESH:C009591', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyltetrazolium chloride']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['Magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium', 'Magnesium']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarct']


abstract: Importance: The association between early exposure to animals and @entity565 is not clear, and previous studies have yielded contradictory results. Objective: To determine whether exposure to @entity235 and farm animals confers a risk of @entity565 . Design, Setting and @entity1 : In a nationwide cohort study, the association between early exposure to @entity235 and farm animals and the risk of @entity565 was evaluated and included all @entity1 born in Sweden from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010 (N   =   1   011   051), using registry data on @entity235 and farm registration, @entity565 medication, diagnosis, and confounders for parents and their @entity1 . The association was assessed as the odds ratio (OR) for a current diagnosis of @entity565 at age 6 years for school-aged @entity1 and as the hazard ratio (HR) for incident @entity565 at ages 1 to 5 years for preschool-aged @entity1 . Data were analyzed from January 1, 2007, to September 30, 2012. Exposures: Living with a @entity235 or farm animal. Main Outcomes and Measures: Childhood @entity565 diagnosis and medication used. Results: Of the 1   011   051 @entity1 born during the study period, 376   638 preschool-aged (53   460 [14.2%] exposed to @entity235 and 1729 [0.5%] exposed to farm animals) and 276   298 school-aged @entity1 (22   629 [8.2%] exposed to @entity235 and 958 [0.3%] exposed to farm animals) were included in the analyses. Of these, 18   799 @entity1 (5.0%) in the preschool-aged @entity1 's cohort experienced an @entity748 event before baseline, and 28   511 cases of @entity565 and 906   071 years at risk were recorded during follow-up (incidence rate, 3.1 cases per 1000 years at risk). In the school-aged @entity1 's cohort, 11   585 @entity1 (4.2%) experienced an @entity748 event during the seventh year of life. @entity235 exposure during the first year of life was associated with a decreased risk of @entity565 in school-aged @entity1 (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.81-0.93) and in preschool-aged @entity1 3 years or older (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.83-0.99) but not in @entity1 younger than 3 years (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.00-1.07). Results were comparable when analyzing only first-born @entity1 . Farm animal exposure was associated with a reduced risk of @entity565 in both school-aged @entity1 and preschool-aged @entity1 (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.31-0.76, and HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56-0.84), respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, the data support the hypothesis that exposure to @entity235 and farm animals during the first year of life reduces the risk of @entity565 in @entity1 at age 6 years. This information might be helpful in decision making for families and physicians on the appropriateness and timing of early animal exposure.

title: Early Exposure to XXXX and Farm Animals and the Risk of @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['childhood asthma', 'asthma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: Overweight and @entity28 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity28 , @entity5 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity5 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity353 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity353 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity353 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity353 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity353 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity353 and whether the timing of @entity353 is important.

title: XXXX in a prospective cohort of overweight and @entity28 US @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal breast cancer', 'weight loss and postmenopausal breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Weight loss and postmenopausal breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the results of transoral laser microsurgery for the treatment of early @entity5 at our institution. DESIGN: Cohort study. Retrospective review of charts of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 stage 1 or 2 (early stage; no nodes or @entity3 ), previously untreated, primary @entity5 , treated with transoral laser microsurgery at the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The minimum follow-up period was two years. SETTING: Tertiary care @entity135 centre. @entity1 : Fifty-three @entity1 treated between January 2002 and November 2007. OUTCOME MEASURE: Kaplan-Meier survival analysis for disease-free survival, overall survival and laryngectomy-free survival, at five years. RESULTS: The group comprised 46 @entity1 and seven @entity1 , with a mean age of 66 years (range 30-84 years). Mean follow up was 40 months (range 12-89 months). There were four cases of complications (7.5 per cent). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a five-year disease-free survival (including salvage) of 96.2 per cent, a five-year overall survival (all causes) of 88.8 per cent and a five-year laryngectomy-free survival of 98.1 per cent. CONCLUSION: Transoral laser microsurgery is a safe and effective initial treatment for early @entity5 , and has high rates of laryngeal preservation and disease-free survival.

title: Transoral laser microsurgery outcomes with early XXXX : the Dalhousie University experience.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'glottic cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glottic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emergence and spread of drug resistant Salmonellae of both @entity1 and animal origins are global concerns and worrisome in countries where the risk of @entity281 is high and treatment options are limited. The objective of this study was to estimate the proportions of animal isolates resistant to antimicrobials used against @entity1 @entity5746 in Ethiopia. METHODS: Published studies on the antimicrobial resistance features of Salmonellae isolated from food animals of Ethiopia were searched in Medline, Google Scholar and the lists of references of articles. Eligible studies were selected by using inclusion and exclusion criteria and data were extracted. The extracted data included the host species, the numbers of isolates and the numbers of ampicillin, co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. The risks of bias were assessed and the percentages of the variations of the estimates attributable to heterogeneities were quantified. Pooled proportions were estimated by the DerSimonian and Laird random effects model. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty four Salmonellae isolated from @entity291 , @entity20770 , @entity742 , @entity1237 and @entity1707 were tested with a variety of antimicrobials. The percentages of the variations attributable to heterogeneities were low for chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone (I(2) = 0) and high for ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin resistance estimates (I(2) > 75%). The pooled estimate of ampicillin resistant isolates was higher in slaughtered ruminants (17.28%) than in @entity1707 (3.95%), (p < 0.001). The pooled estimates of co-trimoxazole resistant isolates in true ruminants (4.35%) and @entity1707 (1.12%) were not significantly different (p > 0.05). The overall pooled estimates of chloramphenicol and ceftriaxone resistant isolates were 2.24% and 1.25%, respectively. Seven serotypes have been reported to be resistant to antimicrobials uncommonly used in veterinary clinical practice in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: Among Salmonellae of farm animals, there exist strains that are resistant to drugs used in the therapeutic management of @entity1 @entity5746 in Ethiopia. Intervention measures should be taken to ensure the prudent use of antimicrobials and curb the spread of high risk strains across the country.

title: A meta-analysis of the proportion of animal Salmonella isolates resistant to drugs used against XXXX @entity5746 in Ethiopia.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['salmonellosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe @entity733 formation complications in @entity765 of @entity1 with @entity4511 and percutaneous drainage. METHODS: Three @entity1 with @entity4511 and @entity765 were diagnosed as having intratumor @entity733 formation. Percutaneous drainage was the initial method of treatment in each case. Two subsequently underwent surgical resection and one @entity1 refused surgery and was lost to follow-up. RESULTS: In each case, percutaneous drainage and antibiotics resulted in clinical improvement. In two, fistulous communication with the small bowel could be demonstrated, presumed to be the cause of @entity733 formation. Surgical resection confirmed @entity292 communication to the small bowel. In the third @entity1 , no @entity292 was seen and only percutaneous drainage was performed. CONCLUSION: @entity490 and @entity221 in @entity1 with @entity4511 and desmoids is suggestive of @entity733 formation in these @entity5 . Percutaneous drainage is useful as initial management.

title: @entity733 formation in @entity765 of XXXX and percutaneous drainage: a report of three cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4511 :: ('MESH:D005736', 'Disease') :: ["Gardner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity765 :: ('MESH:D018222', 'Disease') :: ['intramesenteric desmoid tumors', 'desmoid tumors']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4511 :: (MESH:D005736,Disease) :: ['Gardner's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of two kinds homogenous assays for direct determination of high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) based on the principle of polyanion polymer/detergent (PPD method) and @entity968 -modified enzyme (PEGME) method. METHODS: The two homogenous methods were compared with the precipitation method ( @entity865 -Mg2+ method), their precision, accuracy, specificity and interference were also analyzed. RESULTS: Both homogenous HDL-C assays were precise, having a within-run CV < 3%, day-to-day CV < 3% and total CV < 4%. The HDL-C values measured by the two homogenous methods correlated well with those by @entity865 -Mg2+ method (X): Y = 0.9316 X + 0.1063, r = 0.9762 for PPD method (Y); and Y = 0.9106 X + 0.1368, r = 0.9894 for PEGME method (Y). The linearity studies showed the two homogenous methods to be linear up to 4.14 mmol/L. The lowest detectable concentration of the two methods was apparently 0.08 mmol/L. Recoveries of the two methods were 94.1%-106.2%. Hemoglobin did not interfere with the HDL-C results in the two homogenous methods, whereas icteric samples with total @entity648 > 200 mg/L showed discrepancies. @entity407 up to @entity412 concentration of 17.0 mmol/L did not interfere with the two homogenous HDL-C assays. CONCLUSIONS: The two new homogenous HDL-C assays meet the requirements for accuracy, precision, ease of handling with massive sample, allow full automation, and are clinically useful.

title: [Clinical evaluation of two kinds homogenous assays for determination of high-density lipoprotein XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity97 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity1 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity1 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with baseline @entity97 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity97 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of XXXX response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['lamivudine']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study was conducted as a controlled, prospective investigation to show the safety and efficacy of a @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) device in a @entity742 model. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of a permanent @entity939 hydrogel barrier to reduce the risk of potential vessel damage during anterior vertebral revision surgery, to provide a nonadhesive barrier at the surgical site, and to create a surgical revision plane of dissection. BACKGROUND: The development of scar tissue and adhesions presents a significant postoperative problem in spine surgery, where adhesion involvement of overlying structures can cause @entity158 , and present a difficult surgical environment during revisions. METHODS: The devices were implanted onto the ventral surface of exposed lumbar intervertebral discs using an anterolateral approach. One disc separated from the study site was also exposed to serve as a control. Three @entity742 each were then evaluated with an explant procedure at 30 and 90 days. Extensive sampling was undertaken to evaluate gross anatomic, micropathologic, and biochemical environments and properties of the device. RESULTS: The structural properties and appearance of the device remained intact at both 30 and 90 days. The material remained flexible, hydrophilic, and soft, without visible resorption or decomposition. The material was well tolerated by the animal, with minimal histologic signs of @entity32 or rejection. Tissue planes were easily able to be localized by the surgeon attempting to locate the prior surgical site at the time of resection. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity939 vessel shield effectively protected the structures overlying the @entity742 spine during revision, providing a clear dissection plane for resection at repeat surgery. The overlying structures separated from the previous surgical site with no adhesion, and allowed safe separation of adjacent tissues without the use of sharp dissection.

title: Safety and effectiveness of a XXXX barrier in reducing risks of vascular tissue damage during anterior spinal revision surgery.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, neurovascular complications']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: We report a case of @entity424 with extracranial @entity3 in a 22-year-old female. The @entity1 originally presented with @entity10 and @entity4653 . Neuroimaging revealed a large solid and cystic right fronto-temporal lesion. It was located completely extraventricularly and a @entity463 was suspected based on the neuroimaging findings. A gross total resection was achieved. Histopathologic examination revealed an @entity424 . The @entity1 was treated with radiotherapy. Approximately 1  year after the initial surgery, the @entity1 presented with metastatic disease to the scalp. At 2  years, an intraparotid @entity3 was detected. Subsequent neck dissection revealed positive lymph nodes at several levels. It was followed by radiotherapy to the neck. 5  years after the initial surgery, the @entity1 has residual metastatic disease. The case is discussed and the literature on extraventricular @entity5 is reviewed.

title: Extraventricular XXXX with @entity3 to scalp and neck.

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ependymal neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['dysarthria']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['anaplastic ependymoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This article reports on the findings of the effect of two structured exercise interventions on secondary cognitive outcomes that were gathered as part of the Progressive Resistance Exercise Training in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) randomized, controlled trial. METHODS: This study was a prospective, parallel-group, single-center trial. Fifty-one nondemented @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity191 were randomly assigned either to modified Fitness Counts (mFC) or to Progressive Resistance Exercise Training (PRET) and were followed for 24 months. Cognitive outcomes were the Digit Span, Stroop, and Brief Test of Attention (BTA). RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 in mFC and 20 @entity1 in PRET completed the trial. At 12 and at 24 months, no differences between groups were observed. At 12 months, relative to baseline, mFC improved on the Digit Span (estimated change: 0.3; interquartile range: 0, 0.7; P   =   0.04) and Stroop (0.3; 0, 0.6; P   =   0.04), and PRET improved only on the Digit Span (0.7; 0.3, 1; P   <   0.01). At 24 months, relative to baseline, mFC improved on the Digit Span (0.7; 0.3, 1.7; P   <   0.01) and Stroop (0.3; 0.1, 0.5; P   =   0.03), whereas PRET improved on the Digit Span (0.5; 0.2, 0.8; P   <   0.01), Stroop (0.2; -0.1, 0.6; P   =   0.048), and BTA (0.3; 0, 0.8; P   =   0.048). No neurological or cognitive adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides class IV level of evidence that 24 months of PRET or mFC may improve @entity2414 in nondemented @entity1 with mild-to-moderate @entity191 .    2015 International Parkinson and @entity717 Society.

title: Exercise improves cognition in @entity191 : The PRET- XXXX randomized, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Movement Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['attention and working memory']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['PD']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of intravitreal @entity1456 (tPA) in the management of @entity2994 ( @entity2994 ) in @entity1 with symptoms for <3 days. METHODS: We evaluated the visual outcome of a consecutive series of @entity1 with @entity2994 following intravitreal tPA injection. All @entity1 presented with visual acuity worse than 20/50 within 3 days from the onset of symptoms. Main outcome measures included percentage of @entity1 whose final vision improved to 20/50 or better and change in percentage of @entity1 with vision of 20/200 or worse before and after treatment. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 received intravitreal tPA for @entity2994 . Nine @entity1 (75%) had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse at presentation compared with 4 @entity1 (33%) at the last follow-up after treatment. Five (55%) of these 9 @entity1 had final visual acuity that improved to 20/50 or better. The remaining four @entity1 did not have improvement or their vision continued to worsen. All 4 @entity1 had fluorescein angiographic evidence of >10 disk areas of capillary nonperfusion at presentation. Overall, 8 (67%) of 12 @entity1 had final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. No side effects related to @entity865 injection were observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that intravitreal tPA injection may have a beneficial role in the management of @entity2994 when used within a few days of the onset of symptoms in @entity1 with no angiographic evidence of severe capillary nonperfusion even if initial visual acuity is 20/200 or worse.

title: Intravitreal @entity1456 in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['central retinal vein occlusion', 'CRVO']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['central retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: We have studied the incidence of internal @entity5 on @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ). This incidence has been compared to expected number of @entity5 in that population by a precise statistical analysis. Two-hundred and eighty-three @entity957 confirmed by histology are diagnosed on 235 @entity1 (159 @entity1 , 76 @entity1 ). These @entity1 have been followed between December 1970 and November 1982 at the specialized consultation on cutaneous @entity5 . We have examined all these @entity1 , questioned their doctors, consulted their medical case history, to search an internal @entity5 . Twenty-eight @entity1 had a @entity5 : this @entity5 has been found 11 times before and 17 times at the same time or after @entity957 . These 17 @entity5 are the only statistically interesting cases. The annual incidence of @entity5 related to age and sex has been evaluated by consulting French registers. The French incidence has been compared to foreign incidences. This incidence enables us to calculate the expected observed numbers (12 and 5). The expected numbers are 9.15 for @entity1 and 2.1 for @entity1 . These numbers are not statistically different from observed numbers (12 and 5). The incidence of internal @entity5 on @entity1 with @entity957 is not different from the incidence of general population.

title: [Cutaneous prickle-cell epitheliomas and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumor', 'malignant neoplasms', 'malignant neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['visceral cancer']


abstract: @entity27 is a @entity66 with pathologic sequelae that become apparent after a number of years. @entity1 with @entity27 generally present with @entity2147 , and diagnosis is eventually established through observation of the @entity1 during sleep. @entity1 with @entity27 snore loudly and experience nocturnal @entity26 desaturation and repetitive disruptions from sleep that eventually lead to daytime @entity2147 . Numerous complex interactive pathophysiologic events occur during each obstructive episode, and it is important for the clinician to be aware of the cardiopulmonary, neurologic, and anatomic abnormalities associated with this condition. The anatomic configuration of the pharynx and the physiologic response to occlusion of the upper airway have a major role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Alveolar ventilation during an apneic episode is immediately reduced to zero, and the metabolic demands for @entity26 must be met by @entity26 stores within the body. With repetitive episodes of obstruction, the @entity26 stores within the lungs are diminished and the rate of arterial @entity7672 desaturation increases. During @entity2749 , the systemic blood pressure increases while heart rate and cardiac output decrease. Bradydysrhythmias have been noted with the obstructive @entity2749 , and @entity943 are associated with episodes of severe @entity7672 desaturation. Coexisting @entity4094 in @entity1 with @entity27 contributes to the development of @entity3316 , serious gas exchange derangement, and general cardiovascular instability.

title: XXXX : a @entity66 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity2749 :: ('MESH:C580065', 'Disease') :: ['apneic episodes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multisystemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'Obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['hypersomnolence']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhemoglobin']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity2026 has been described in left @entity410 . It may be of fluent, non-fluent or global type. We present here a @entity1 who displayed signs of mixed @entity8378 ( @entity70891 ). The @entity1 was a 67 year old @entity1 who underwent excision of a left frontal @entity1653 in 1987. Since then he has been treated with @entity3174 for generalized @entity410 (GTCS). He was admitted in @entity159 . On awakening, the @entity1 was non-fluent with palilalia and @entity12862 . His repetition was relatively preserved but all the other language functions were impaired. This picture faded away within a few hours. Brain CT, performed during this postictal state, was normal except for signs related to frontal craniotomy. SPECT, which was performed after language functions returned to normal, displayed @entity75 . The postictal language dysfunction of the @entity1 corresponded to @entity70891 . Although our case has frontal, he had no other structural lesion that could explain either @entity63 of the left hemisphere or watershed areas secondary to the generalized @entity410 . The uniqueness of this case is the combination of postictal @entity70891 with good prognosis.

title: Postictal mixed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe seizures', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity8378 :: ('MESH:D020240', 'Disease') :: ['transcortical aphasia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['left frontal, cingular and insular hypoperfusion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2026 :: ('MESH:D001037', 'Disease') :: ['Postictal aphasia']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['parasagittal meningioma']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity8378 :: (MESH:D020240,Disease) :: ['transcortical aphasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Drug sensitization with various inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) has proved to be a promising and an emergent concept in the field of nanomedicine. Rose bengal (RB), a notable photosensitizer, triggers the formation of reactive @entity26 species under green-light irradiation, and consequently, it induces @entity137 and cell death. In the present study, the effect of photoinduced dynamics of RB upon complexation with semiconductor @entity1947 NPs is explored. To accomplish this, we successfully synthesized nanohybrids of RB with @entity1948 NPs with a particle size of 24   nm and optically characterized them. The uniform size and integrity of the particles were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. UV/Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence studies reveal the formation of the nanohybrids. ultrafast picosecond-resolved fluorescence studies of RB- @entity1948 nanohybrids demonstrate an efficient electron transfer from the photoexcited drug to the semiconductor NPs. Picosecond-resolved F  rster resonance energy transfer from @entity1948 NPs to RB unravel the proximity of the drug to the semiconductor at the molecular level. The photoinduced ROS formation was monitored using a @entity33196 oxidation assay, which is a conventional oxidative stress indicator. It is observed that the ROS generation under green light illumination is greater at low concentrations of RB- @entity1948 nanohybrids compared with free RB. Substantial photodynamic activity of the nanohybrids in bacterial and fungal cell lines validated the in vitro @entity137 results. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of the nanohybrids in HeLa cells, which was monitored by @entity98 assay, is also noteworthy.

title: Photoinduced Dynamics and XXXX of a Cancer Drug in Proximity of Inorganic Nanoparticles under Visible Light.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1947 :: ('MESH:D015034', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc oxide']

entities_list: @entity33196 :: ('MESH:C037631', 'Chemical') :: ['dichlorofluorescin']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['Toxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical application of @entity560 over implant surface, placed immediately to the extraction, throughout histological and histomorphometric analysis of peri-implant tissue. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six American foxhound @entity235 were used in the study. Mandibular premolar distal roots were extracted. Twenty-four immediate conical C1 implants (MIS, Barlev, Israel) were randomly assigned to the distal site on each site of the mandible in three groups: (Group CI) 12 @entity702 implants alone; (Test Group @entity6684 ) 12 @entity702 implants supplemented with @entity560 . Prior to implanting, test implants ( @entity6684 ) were submerged in @entity560 10% solution. No treatment was applied at control implants (CI). After 12  weeks, animals were sacrificed. Block sections were obtained and processed for mineralized ground sectioning. Bone-to-implant contact (Total BIC and BIC%), new bone formation (NBF), interthread bone (ITB), and histological linear measurements (HLM) were analyzed. RESULTS: At 12  weeks, all implants were clinically stable and histologically osseointegrated. BIC evaluation showed Total BIC mean and SD values for @entity6684 (48.96      2.14), CI (44.56      1.75) (P  <  0.05), BIC% @entity6684 (43.59      0.98), and CI (42.67      9.26) (P  >  0.05). For interthread bone formation, values were as follows: @entity6684 (15.21      3.87), CI (14.79      1.45) (P  >  0.05), no statistically differences. Regarding peri-implant new bone formation, no statistically differences could be found between the two groups @entity6684 (31.87      1.23), CI (27.18      2.38) (P  >  0.05). For linear measurements, test group ( @entity6684 ) showed statistically significant less @entity604 (CBL) @entity6684 (0.37      0.12)*, CI (1.26      0.8) (P  <  0.05), and @entity560 implants showed less lingual junctional epithelium @entity6684 (1.58      0.43)*, CI (2.18      0.48) (P  <  0.05). No differences were observed in the buccal mucosa. CONCLUSION: With the limitation of animal studies, topical application of @entity560 on dental implants could reduce crestal @entity604 and increase 10% more bone-to-implant contact at 12-week follow-up period.

title: Topical applications of XXXX on implant surface for bone-to-implant contact enhance: a pilot study in @entity235 part II.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss', 'buccal crestal bone loss']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity560 :: (MESH:D014807,Chemical) :: ['vitamin D']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe the type and frequency of cutaneous manifestations of @entity1778 . METHODS: Observational, descriptive study. We included @entity1 over 16 years of age, with confirmed diagnosis of @entity1778 from the Hematology and Dermatology Departments of the outpatient clinic and from in- @entity1 . @entity1 with bone marrow transplantation were excluded. A complete history and physical examination of the skin and appendages was performed, with biopsy and cultures if required. The cutaneous manifestations were classified as infection or drug-related, @entity2617 , associated @entity272 to @entity1778 and non-specific lesions. Descriptive statistics was employed. RESULTS: We included 142 @entity1 (62 females, 80 males) with the following diagnoses: @entity3052 (n=36), @entity981 (n=52), @entity1860 (n=21), chronic @entity1778 (n=30) and @entity5734 (n=3). 42% of @entity1 (n=60) presented some dermatoses. There were 36 non-specific dermatoses, 21 drug-related, 20 infectious, 3 infiltrative and none associated. CONCLUSIONS: Cutaneous manifestations directly related to @entity1778 are frequent, being the non-specific ones, the most commonly observed. However, a thorough dermatologic examination is important in these @entity1 as part of an overall evaluation.

title: [Cutaneous manifestations of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic infiltration']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cells leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocitic leukemia', 'leukemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: An increased level of glucocorticoid receptors has been found in @entity157 . The aim of this study was to determine the in vivo effect of glucocorticoid on the growth of @entity19 @entity157 cells. In vitro cell growth was determined by @entity98 assay, while cell cycle progression was assayed with flow cytometry. For in vivo experiments, @entity1 and Hepa 1-6 cells were implanted in BALB/c and @entity915 @entity19 , respectively. Each @entity19 received 4 subcutaneous injections of @entity701 and/or @entity3927 after @entity5 implantation. We found that glucocorticoid treatment of @entity1 and Hepa 1-6 cells in vitro resulted in an increase in cell growth which was partially inhibited by @entity3927 , a glucocorticoid antagonist. Glucocorticoid treatment enhanced the cell cycle progression of @entity1 cells. The incidence of @entity5 in the @entity701 group was significantly higher than that of the saline, @entity3927 , or @entity701 plus @entity3927 groups. @entity3927 partially blocked the @entity701 -stimulated growth of @entity157 . Further study showed that glucocorticoid treatment of @entity915 @entity19 also stimulated Hepa 1-6 @entity5 growth. In conclusion, our results indicated that glucocorticoid directly stimulated @entity157 growth and this stimulation was not the result of immune suppression. Glucocorticoids may play an important role in regulating the growth of @entity157 .

title: In vivo and in vitro growth stimulation of @entity19 XXXX cells by glucocorticoid.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ML-3 tumor']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immunity to non-cerebral severe @entity311 is estimated to occur within 1-2 infections in areas of endemic transmission for @entity3964 . Yet, nearly 20% of infected @entity1 die annually as a result of severe @entity311 . Multiple risk factors are postulated to exacerbate @entity66 , one being @entity325 with other pathogens. @entity1 living in Sub-Saharan Africa are seropositive for @entity9653 ) by the age of 6 months. This timing overlaps with the waning of protective maternal antibodies and susceptibility to primary @entity3964 @entity281 . However, the impact of acute @entity2025 on the generation of anti-malarial immunity is unknown. Using well established @entity19 models of @entity281 , we show here that acute, but not latent @entity21525 (MHV68) @entity281 suppresses the anti-malarial humoral response to a secondary @entity281 . Importantly, this resulted in the transformation of a non-lethal @entity501 XNL @entity281 into a lethal one; an outcome that is correlated with a defect in the maintenance of germinal center B cells and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in the spleen. Furthermore, we have identified the MHV68 M2 protein as an important virus encoded protein that can: (i) suppress anti-MHV68 humoral responses during acute MHV68 @entity281 ; and (ii) plays a critical role in the observed suppression of anti-malarial humoral responses in the setting of @entity325 . Notably, @entity325 with an M2-null mutant MHV68 eliminates lethality of @entity501 XNL. Collectively, our data demonstrates that an acute gammaherpesvirus @entity281 can negatively impact the development of an anti-malarial immune response. This suggests that @entity697 with EBV should be investigated as a risk factor for non-cerebral severe @entity311 in young @entity1 living in areas endemic for @entity3964 transmission.

title: Gammaherpesvirus @entity325 with XXXX Suppresses Anti-parasitic Humoral Immunity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['malarial disease']

entities_list: @entity2025 :: ('MESH:D020031', 'Disease') :: ['EBV infection']

entities_list: @entity21525 :: ('33708', 'Species') :: ['murine gammaherpesvirus 68']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malaria infection']

entities_list: @entity9653 :: ('10376', 'Species') :: ['Epstein Barr Virus (EBV']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections', 'co-infection']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['Malaria']


abstract: The etiopathogenesis of many @entity146 remains unclear and a variety of these diseases can coexist, partly mimicking each other while contributing to and distorting symptomatic expressions. To understand the processes involved, it is necessary to unravel signalling pathways, complex interaction networks and metabolic alterations involving a plethora of anatomical components. When addressing such largely obscure mechanisms, primary data mainly based on genomics and differential gene expression patterns turns out to be of limited usefulness. Numerous direct as well as very indirect processes modulate and dissociate gene expression from protein functions and physiological effects. Proteomics approaches that utilise metabolic labelling and high-throughput mass spectrometry to provide proteome dynamics data need to be utilised. However, the data thus gathered encompasses a complex assembly of numerous types of intermixed cells, representing biological processes that occur in both time and space across several scalar levels. The complexities represented are such that to analytically approach these diseases, a systems standpoint becomes necessary. This implies multiple experimental interrogations in an iterative interplay between experimentation and modelling. While this may be reasonably considered in the context of in vitro systems, it can hardly be contemplated when addressing CNS tissues from heterogeneous @entity1 origins, thereby imposing serious constraints upon the investigation of @entity1 @entity73 . In this article, the authors expose a paradigm that addresses and alleviates at least some of these major difficulties. Based on the reasoned utilisation of trait animal models and @entity1 material, this approach has already started to deliver novel and directly exploitable knowledge.

title: Proteome-based pathway modelling of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disorders']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric illnesses']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National @entity165 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel ( @entity855 ) III recommendations incorporate new evidence for treating elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . OBJECTIVES: Comparisons between the prevalence of drug-eligible Canadians under the old @entity855 II and the new @entity855 III guidelines were made, and the impact of @entity28 on current and future drug eligibility was explored using various models. METHODS: @entity1 from the Canadian Heart Health Surveys (1986 to 1992; n=17,728; 20 to 74 years of age) were assigned to therapeutic lifestyle change or drug-eligible groups in the event of elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . Body mass index was used to classify @entity1 as having normal weight, or as being overweight or @entity28 . The prevalence of overweight and @entity28 status for 2001, 2006 and 2011 were projected from past trends by linear regression. Population attributable risk was used to model reductions or increases in the prevalence of @entity28 in drug-eligible @entity1 using several nationally representative population health surveys. RESULTS: In 2001, an additional 1.1 million Canadians were drug-eligible under @entity855 III (16.0% of @entity1 , 9.5% of @entity1 ), compared with @entity855 II (7.7% of @entity1 , 7.7% of @entity1 ). Drug eligibility was elevated in overweight @entity1 ( @entity1 : OR=1.87 [1.51 to 2.31]; @entity1 : OR=1.60 [1.13 to 2.28]) and the @entity28 ( @entity1 : OR=2.86 [1.86 to 4.38]; @entity1 : OR=2.28 [1.63 to 3.18]) versus normal weight @entity1 . The population attributable risk was higher in @entity1 (overweight 22.6%, @entity28 11.5%) than in @entity1 (overweight 9.4%, @entity28 9.2%). IMPLICATIONS: A 10% reduction in overweight and @entity28 prevalence could have prevented 69,530 cases of drug eligibility in 2001. On the other hand, by 2011 over one million Canadians will be drug-eligible because of an elevated body mass index, if the recent trends in overweight and @entity28 status continue.

title: National XXXX Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines and @entity28 : implications for Canada.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['Cholesterol']


abstract: The transcriptome is the mRNA pool found within a cell. Transcriptomic discovery approaches include microarray-based technologies as well as sequencing-based technologies. Transcriptomic experiments provide dynamic information about gene expression at the tissue level. The proteome is the pool of proteins expressed at a given time and circumstance. The word PROTEOMICS summarizes several technologies for visualization, quantitation, and identification of these proteins. Protein separation can be accomplished by two-dimensional electrophoresis, use of protein chips with an affinity matrix, or by a variety of advanced chromatographic methods. Mass spectrometry is used to identify the proteins in conjunction with protein sequence databases. Recent proteomic experiments in resting and activated platelets have identified novel signaling pathways and secreted proteins. Platelet transcriptomic studies in essential @entity1148 , @entity731 , @entity3458 , and an inherited @entity1423 are reviewed. Transcript profiling has the potential to distinguish molecular signatures in normal and diseased platelets and to classify prothrombotic @entity1 phenotypes to tailor their therapy.

title: Genomic and proteomic applications in diagnosis of XXXX and classification.

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet defect']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic disease']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['platelet disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation resistance presents a challenge to the effective treatment of @entity5 . If therapeutic compounds were capable of resensitizing resistant @entity5 then a concurrent chemo-radiation treatment could be used to overcome radiation resistance. METHODS: We have developed a phenotypic assay to investigate the response of radiation resistant @entity0 cells grown in 3D-microtissue spheroids to combinations of radiation and established chemotherapeutic drugs. The effects were quantified by real time high content imaging of GFP detection area over 14  days. Ten established chemotherapeutic drugs were tested for their ability to enhance the effects of radiation. RESULTS: Of ten analysed chemotherapeutics, @entity5713 was the most effective compound, with @entity1205 and @entity23974 being less effective in combination with radiation. To investigate the response in a model closer to the in vivo situation we investigated the response of heterotypic 3D microtissues containing both fibroblasts and @entity0 cells. Drug treatment of these heterotypic 3D cultures confirmed treatment with radiation plus @entity5713 to be additive in causing @entity0 growth inhibition. We have validated the screen by comparing radiation sensitizing effects of known chemotherapeutic agents. In both monotypic and heterotypic models the concurrent treatment of @entity5713 and radiation proved more effective inhibitors of mammary @entity5 cell growth. The effective concentration range of both @entity5713 and radiation are within the range used in treatment, suggesting the 3D model will offer a highly relevant screen for novel compounds. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time comfortable 3D cell-based phenotypic assay is available, that allows high throughput screening of compounds with radiation therapy modulating capacity, opening the field to drug discovery.

title: A 3D-microtissue-based phenotypic screening of radiation resistant XXXX cells with synchronized chemotherapeutic treatment.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity23974 :: ('CHEBI:28748', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Age is the main clinical determinant of large artery stiffness. Central arteries stiffen progressively with age, whereas peripheral muscular arteries change little with age. A number of clinical studies have analyzed the effects of age on @entity2333 . Increase of central artery stiffness with age is responsible for earlier wave reflections and changes in pressure wave contours. The stiffening of aorta and other central arteries is a potential risk factor for increased @entity65 and mortality. Arterial stiffening with aging is accompanied by an elevation in systolic blood pressure (BP) and pulse pressure (PP). Although arterial stiffening with age is a common situation, it has now been confirmed that older subjects with increased @entity432 and elevated PP have higher @entity65 and mortality. Increase in @entity2333 with age occurs gradually and continuously, similarly for @entity1 and @entity1 . Cross-sectional studies have shown that aortic and carotid stiffness (evaluated by the pulse wave velocity) increase with age by approximately 10% to 15% during a period of 10 years. @entity1 always have 5% to 10% lower stiffness than @entity1 of the same age. Although large artery stiffness increases with age independently of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or other associated conditions, the extent of this increase may depend on several environmental or genetic factors. @entity101 may increase @entity432 , especially in older subjects. Among other cardiovascular risk factors, @entity1723 and 2 accelerates @entity432 , whereas the role of @entity2299 and @entity286 smoking is unclear. Arterial stiffness is also present in several cardiovascular and @entity8 . @entity1 with @entity712 , @entity454 , and those with @entity731 often develop central artery stiffness. Decreased carotid distensibility, increased arterial thickness, and presence of calcifications and plaques often coexist in the same subject. However, relationships between these three alterations of the arterial wall remain to be explored.

title: Influence of age, risk factors, and cardiovascular and @entity8 on XXXX : clinical applications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 1']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stiffness']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end stage renal disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['arterial stiffness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The influence of skin substitutes upon angiogenesis during wound healing is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To compare the angiogenic response in acute cutaneous @entity1 wounds treated with autogenic, allogenic and xenogenic skin substitutes to those left to heal by secondary intention. METHODS: On day 0, four 5mm full-thickness punch biopsies were harvested from fifty healthy volunteers (sites 1-4). In all cases, site 1 healed by secondary intention (control), site 2 was treated with collagen-GAG scaffold (CG), cadaveric decellularised dermis (DCD) was applied to site 3, whilst excised tissue was re-inserted into site 4 (autograft). Depending on study group allocation, healing tissue from sites 1-4 was excised on day 7, 14, 21 or 28. All specimens were bisected, with half used in histological and immunohistochemical evaluation whilst extracted RNA from the remainder enabled whole genome microarrays and qRT-PCR of highlighted angiogenesis-related genes. All wounds were serially imaged over 6 weeks using laser-doppler imaging and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis. RESULTS: Inherent structural differences between skin substitutes influenced the distribution and organisation of capillary networks within regenerating dermis. Haemoglobin flux (p = 0.0035), @entity7672 concentration (p = 0.0005), and vessel number derived from CD31-based immunohistochemistry (p = 0.046) were significantly greater in DCD wounds at later time points. This correlated with time-matched increases in mRNA expression of @entity22079 ( @entity22079 ) (p = 0.021) and @entity16943 ( @entity16943 ) (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Corroborating evidence from invasive and non-invasive modalities demonstrated that treatment with @entity6061 resulted in increased angiogenesis after wounding. Significantly elevated mRNA expression of pro-angiogenic @entity16943 and extracellular matrix protease @entity22079 seen only in the DCD group may contribute to observed responses.

title: Acute Cutaneous Wounds Treated with XXXX Decellularised Dermis Show Enhanced Angiogenesis during Healing.

entities_list: @entity22079 :: ('64386', 'Gene') :: ['MT6-MMP', 'membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase']

entities_list: @entity7672 :: ('CHEBI:7861', 'Chemical') :: ['oxyhaemoglobin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Substance use disorder is characterized by impaired decision @entity5516 , impulsivity, and risk taking. @entity11532 shares many of these characteristics, and having both diagnoses may be associated with greater problems than either diagnosis alone. We investigated whether among substance-dependent individuals, comorbid @entity11532 would be associated with worse decision @entity5516 , greater impulsivity, risk taking, and drug severity. METHODS: Ninety-six substance-dependent individuals were recruited from a residential treatment program and divided into 1 of the 2 groups depending on whether they met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria for @entity11532 (SDPG, n = 26) or not (SD, n = 70). Ninety-two controls were recruited from the community. @entity1 completed a decision- @entity5516 task (modified Iowa Gambling Task), measures of impulsivity (Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Delay Discounting), and risk taking (Balloon Analog Risk Task). Decision @entity5516 was analyzed using a computational model. We tested for group differences using analysis of covariance or Kruskal-Wallis and appropriate post-hoc tests. RESULTS: The groups differed in decision- @entity5516 parameters (P < 0.001) and self-reported impulsivity (P < 0.001). All post-hoc comparisons were significant on these measures, and indicated stepwise changes in controls, followed by SD, followed by SDPG, with SDPG performing worse on decision @entity5516 and being more impulsive. Compared with SD, SDPG had greater drug severity (P < 0.001). No group differences were observed in delay discounting or risk taking. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with individuals with @entity734 without @entity11532 , those with both disorders demonstrated worse decision @entity5516 and significantly more drug-related symptoms. When evaluating @entity1 with @entity734 , clinicians should consider diagnostic assessments for gambling, as the co-occurrence of both disorders may impact clinical characteristics.

title: Impaired Decision-Making, Higher Impulsivity, and Drug Severity in @entity734 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['pathological gambling', 'Pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['Pathological Gambling']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antineoplastic therapy may cause @entity209 , which result in e.g. abnormal growth rate. The aim of the study was the assessment of @entity442 and @entity2301 plasma concentrations in @entity1 after intensive therapy of @entity981 completed according to age, weight, height and therapy protocols ( @entity1499 dose, Central Nervous System - CNS prophylaxis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 63 @entity1 (43 @entity1 ) were involved in this study with mean age 10.95+/-4.73 years after @entity981 therapy according to BFM protocols. 35 @entity1 were in maintenance therapy and 28 completely finished the therapy. 20 @entity1 had cranial irradiation as CNS prophylaxis (12 Gy). We assessed plasma levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 in radioimmunoassay method and the obtained results were related to mean age values ( @entity214 core). RESULTS: 1. A) @entity442 mean plasma levels in @entity1 (n=30) before puberty (Tanner I) was 151.48+/-75.75 ng/ml and was lower than compared to value in the puberty group (n=16, Tanner II-IV) - 222.06+/-96.61 ng/ml p=0.000008. After puberty (Tanner V) @entity442 was 332.03+/-75.66 ng/ml. b) @entity2301 was highest after puberty (3837.4 ng/ml +/-598.49); before puberty it was 2899.68+/-656.57 ng/ml, and in puberty it was 3593.14+/-598,49 ng/ml. 2. @entity442 @entity214 values were lower than mean age values. 3. @entity2301 @entity214 were insignificantly higher than mean age values. 4. There were no differences between @entity442 @entity214 and @entity2301 @entity214 according to gender, prior CNS prophylaxis, @entity1499 dose and phase of maintenance therapy and completed therapy. 5. @entity442 and @entity2301 correlated to each other and to body mass index, height but @entity442 @entity214 and @entity2301 @entity214 was independent on age, CNS prophylaxis, BMI @entity214 and height @entity214 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity442 and @entity2301 values are dependent on puberty degree, body mass index and height. 2. @entity442 @entity214 are lower and @entity2301 values higher, independent on gender, therapy protocol and CNS prophylaxis (12 Gy).

title: [The assessment of plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and binding protein ( @entity2301 ) during the maintenance therapy and after remissionof XXXX ( @entity981 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']