abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 ( @entity740 ) in @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have been poorly evaluated. In @entity583 , female gender has been independently associated with an increased risk of mortality. @entity740 has been found to be an important prognostic marker in @entity583 . The aim of this study was to evaluate gender differences in prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 on short-term and long-term mortality. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: The national quality register SWEDEHEART was used. In the beginning of the study period, 94% of the Swedish coronary care units contributed data to the register, which subsequently increased to 100%. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated ( @entity470 ) according to Modification of Diet in @entity8 Study (MDRD) and Cockcroft-Gault (CG). @entity1 : All @entity1 with @entity583 registered in SWEDEHEART from the years 2003-2009 were included (37   991 @entity1 , 66% @entity1 ). MAIN RESULTS: @entity1 had 1.6 (MDRD) to 2.2 (CG) times higher multivariable adjusted risk of @entity740 . Half of the @entity1 had @entity740 according to CG. @entity740 was associated with 2-2.5 times higher risk of in-hospital mortality and approximately 1.5 times higher risk of long-term mortality in both genders. Each 10   mL/min decline of @entity470 was associated with an increased risk of in-hospital and long-term mortality (22-33% and 9-16%, respectively) and this did not vary significantly by gender. Both in-hospital and long-term mortality were doubled in @entity1 . After multivariable adjustment including @entity470 , there was no longer any gender difference in early outcome and the long-term outcome was better in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity583 , female gender was independently associated with @entity740 . Reduced @entity470 was a strong independent risk factor for short-term and long-term mortality without a significant gender difference in prognostic impact and seems to be an important reason why @entity1 have higher mortality than @entity1 with @entity583 .

title: Prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity740 in XXXX from a gender perspective: data from the SWEDEHEART register, a large Swedish prospective cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'Women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal Disease']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST segment elevation myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['STEMI']


abstract: Tongue @entity2133 rinsing are basic treatment measures for @entity7868 , and as such are categorised as @entity34 ( @entity34 )-1. Although @entity34 -1 is used for treatment of physiologic @entity7868 treatment, pseudo-, extra oral pathologic or halitophobic @entity1 must also be managed with @entity34 -1 as well as other treatments. Since the origin of physiological @entity7868 is mainly the dorso-posterior region of the tongue, tongue cleaning is more effective than mouth rinsing. However, practitioners should always instruct their @entity1 on how to brush their tongues to prevent harmful effects. Another approach using a @entity1216 mouthwash is most effective in reducing oral malodour. However, @entity1216 should not be used routinely; therefore, @entity219 -containing mouthwashes have been recommended for use. @entity1 can also use chewing gum to reduce oral malodour. Surprisingly, however, it has been noted that sugarless chewing gum increased @entity24591 , one of the principal components of oral malodour. @entity3834 did not reduce the concentration of @entity5498 mercaptan either, although these products are widely used for their ability to mask oral malodour. There is a need for the development of a novel food or chewing gum that could considerably reduce VSC levels in mouth air to complement @entity34 -1.

title: Tongue @entity2133 rinsing as basic treatment measures for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People']

entities_list: @entity1216 :: ('MESH:D002710', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorhexidine']

entities_list: @entity7868 :: ('MESH:D006209', 'Disease') :: ['halitosis']

entities_list: @entity24591 :: ('MESH:C005231', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl mercaptan']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['brushing and mouth']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['TN', 'treatment needs']

answer: @entity7868 :: (MESH:D006209,Disease) :: ['halitosis']


abstract: The sensitivity of @entity419 PET to localize epileptogenic zones in @entity4940 was evaluated by both visual assessment and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity4940 were examined. All @entity1 showed good outcome after surgical resection (Engel class I or II). On pathologic examination, 22 @entity1 had @entity6795 , 4 had @entity5 , 1 had cortical scars, and 2 had an old @entity1188 . @entity75 were found on @entity419 PET images by both visual assessment and SPM analysis. On SPM analysis, the cutoff threshold was varied and sensitivity to find epileptogenic zones was compared. RESULTS: MRI showed structural lesions in 15 @entity1 and normal findings in 14. @entity419 PET correctly localized the epileptogenic zones in 16 @entity1 (55%) by visual assessment. The sensitivity of @entity419 PET was 36% in @entity1 without structural lesions on MRI and 73% in @entity1 with structural lesions. On SPM analysis, using an uncorrected probability value of 0.005 as the threshold, the sensitivity of SPM analysis was 66%, which was not statistically different from the sensitivity of visual assessment. The sensitivity decreased according to the decrease in probability value. CONCLUSION: @entity419 PET was sensitive in localizing epileptogenic zones by revealing hypometabolic areas in nonlesional @entity1 with @entity4940 as well as in lesional @entity1 . SPM analysis showed a comparable sensitivity to visual assessment and could be used as an aid in diagnosing epileptogenic zones in @entity4940 .

title: @entity419 PET in localization of XXXX : comparison of visual and SPM analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Hypometabolic lesions']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']

answer: @entity4940 :: (MESH:D017034,Disease) :: ['frontal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are clinical subgroups that may have different prognoses among @entity827 @entity1 . METHODS: The cumulative clinical features of a large group of @entity827 @entity1 [1168 @entity1 , 593 (50.8%) male, mean age 35.3 years (s.d. 12.4)] were studied. To analyse our data and identify groups of @entity827 @entity1 with similar clinical characteristics, a two-step cluster analysis using log-likelihood distance measures was performed. For clustering the @entity827 @entity1 , we evaluated the following variables: gender, current age, age at symptom onset, age at diagnosis, presence of major clinical features, variables related with therapy and family history for @entity827 , @entity177 and carriage of @entity16502 . RESULTS: Three distinct groups of @entity827 @entity1 were identified. Cluster 1 was characterized by a high prevalence of @entity625 , @entity5641 , @entity13171 -like erythema (ELE) and @entity925 . The dosage of @entity3812 and the frequency of @entity2783 were lower in cluster 1. @entity1 in cluster 2 had an earlier age of disease onset and diagnosis. @entity16502 carriage and @entity2783 prevalence were the highest in cluster 2. This group of @entity1 was using the highest dose of @entity3812 . @entity1 in cluster 3 had the lowest prevalence of @entity625 , ELE and @entity925 . The frequencies of @entity16502 carriage and @entity2783 were lower in cluster 3 than the overall @entity827 @entity1 . Non-response to @entity3812 was also slightly lower in cluster 3. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity827 can be clustered into distinct patterns of clinical and genetic manifestations and these patterns may have different prognostic significance.

title: Different disease subtypes with distinct clinical expression in XXXX : results of a cluster analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['febrile myalgia']

entities_list: @entity13171 :: ('MESH:D004886', 'Disease') :: ['erysipelas']

answer: @entity827 :: (MESH:D010505,Disease) :: ['familial Mediterranean fever']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The recent introduction of high-efficiency solid-state gamma cameras for myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography has enabled lower @entity1 radiation dose, faster imaging, and improved image quality. However, artifacts still complicate interpretation. Prone imaging is a common maneuver to reduce artifacts and increase accuracy for detection of @entity453 , but its effect on imaging relative to supine imaging has not been fully characterized in these new systems. METHODS: In this IRB-approved, HIPAA-compliant retrospective study, 30 @entity1 were reviewed, who underwent prone and supine imaging on the GE 530c multipinhole @entity19429 camera under both rest and stress conditions. Informed consent was waived. Perfusion was scored visually by two readers on a five-point scale according to the 17-segment model. Differences were assessed for significance using a multivariate linear effects model and restricted maximum likelihood method. RESULTS: Prone positioning resulted in increased activity in the basal inferior (P<0.001), basal inferolateral (P=0.009), basal inferoseptal (P<0.001), and mid-inferior (P<0.001) segments when taking into account factors such as stress versus rest, perfusion scores of other segments, and reader. CONCLUSION: Prone imaging on the GE 530c camera increases measured tracer activity in the basal inferior, basal inferolateral, basal inferoseptal, and mid-inferior segments. Caution is advised when diagnosing @entity741 in these territories, particularly if clinical data are unavailable.

title: Difference in appearance between prone and supine myocardial perfusion images obtained on a high-efficiency XXXX SPECT camera.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19429 :: ('MESH:C474490', 'Chemical') :: ['cadmium zinc telluride']

answer: @entity19429 :: (MESH:C474490,Chemical) :: ['cadmium zinc telluride']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 after single and multiple dosing was studied in 20 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) of NYHA functional class II. @entity6309 100 mg was given 3 times a day for 7 days in 6 @entity1 and for 30 days in the other 14 @entity1 . Plasma pharmacokinetics of total (mainly conjugated) and free @entity14524 was studied after the first dose and on the 3rd, 7th and 30th days of treatment. The urinary recoveries of total @entity14524 , @entity3829 and @entity4925 were measured in 5 @entity1 for 24 h after @entity6309 ingestion on the 1st and 30th days. Plasma pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 did not vary during the repeated administration of the drug. In the course of the treatment, total @entity14524 elimination t1/2 showed no significant variations. The build-up of Cmax, Cmin and AUC of total @entity14524 observed after multiple dosing was as expected on the basis of the interval adopted between the doses of @entity6309 and of the elimination t1/2 of total @entity14524 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of free @entity14524 did not show significant variations during the course of the treatment. The amounts of @entity3829 and @entity4925 recovered in urine on the 1st and 30th days of treatment were similar while the amount of total @entity14524 was greater on the 30th day, the increment mainly reflecting a partial carry over of the less rapidly excreted conjugated @entity14524 from the last previous doses. The results obtained for free @entity14524 plasma levels and for the urinary recoveries of @entity6309 metabolites thus indicated that no saturation of the enzymes involved in @entity6309 metabolism occurred.

title: @entity6309 kinetics after single and multiple dosing in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6309 :: ('MESH:C023487', 'Chemical') :: ['ibopamine', 'Ibopamine']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The condition of discharge of intraocular fluid (IOF), the value of systemic arterial pressure (AP), the condition of mean dynamic arterial pressure in the ocular artery (Pm.ophth.) an the perfusion ocular pressure (Pperf.) were examined in @entity1 with @entity18665 ( @entity18665 ). A decrease in the IOF discharge from 0.16 +/- 0.02 cu mm @entity307 mm Hg at the @entity18665 initial stage to 0.11 +/- 0.01 cu mm @entity307 mm Hg at the @entity18665 deteriorated stage was established. The value of decrease of the systemic AP within an interval of 100 to 116 mm Hg is observed in @entity1 with @entity18665 by 6.9 times more often as compared to the controls (in 42.2% and 6.1% of cases, respectively). A reliable reduction of Pm.ophth. by 4.0 mm Hg and of Pperf.--by 4.9 mm Hg was found in @entity1 with @entity18665 as compared with Pm.ophth. and Pperf. in the controls with the same systemic AP values; the deficit of the ocular volumetric blood flow reached 10.9%. The treatment of @entity18665 @entity1 must be related with improving the IOF discharge, with reducing the genuine intraocular pressure (Po) to a tolerable level, and with increasing the systemic AP, Pm.ophth. and Pperf. to the mean statistically normal level.

title: [Condition of ocular blood supply in XXXX with primary open-angle glaucoma with normal pressure].

entities_list: @entity18665 :: ('OMIM:606657', 'Disease') :: ['normal pressure glaucoma', 'NPG']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate an @entity717 for @entity8244 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 aged 6 to 13 years) with @entity8244 were treated with @entity717 . Magnetic resonance imaging of the elbow showed the proximal radioulnar joint on the anterior-lateral side of the ulna rather than on the lateral side in @entity1 with @entity8244 . On the basis of this finding, we performed an osteotomy on the ulna and laterally rotated the proximal radioulnar joint achieving radial head reduction and restoring the anatomical relationship between the radial head and the capitellum. Clinical and radiographical evaluation of the elbow was performed before surgery and at postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed for 13 to 45 months after surgery. Elbow radiography showed that the radiocapitellar joint was reduced in all @entity1 at the last follow-up visit and that the carrying angle was decreased relative to that in the preoperative condition. Elbow stability and the range of @entity11535 were improved at the last follow-up. We did not observe ulnar osteotomy site nonunion or @entity571 in these @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity8244 did not recur. CONCLUSIONS: At early follow-up, @entity717 was a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity8244 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: Ulnar Rotation Osteotomy for Congenital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['elbow osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity8244 :: ('MESH:C566728', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anterior dislocation of the radial head', 'radial head dislocation']

entities_list: @entity11535 :: ('MESH:D009041', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexion motion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar rotation osteotomy']

answer: @entity8244 :: (MESH:C566728,Disease) :: ['Radial Head Dislocation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hearing aids (HA) provide adequate support for many @entity1 with @entity393 , but not all. Around one third of 10.000 @entity1 provided with hearing aids in the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit felt no actual benefit when using the hearing aid, although they demonstrated the necessary hearing improvement on speech audiometry. Epidemiological data show bad compliance, especially in older @entity1 . Only one in three hearing aid owners wears their device regularly. For this subpopulation of @entity1 active @entity2172 (AMEIs) have been used since 1998. In the present review, the current indications for AMEIs are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A selective literature search in PubMed, as well as a guideline search at the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften e.  V. (German Association of Scientific Societies), was carried out. RESULTS: The present review shows that when there is an adequate indication the hearing capacity of @entity1 can be thoroughly rehabilitated and thus their quality of life improved with the help of AMEIs. Although most commercially available systems have a satisfactory risk profile, increased extrusion rates, malfunctioning and facial paresis have been reported in older implant series. The advantages of AMEIs include @entity393 , reduced feedback, increased hearing quality, increased speech discrimination in the presence of background noise, and an absence of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: The audiological indication for AMEIs in primary care is usually controversial, since the functional hearing gain and increase in speech discrimination may be small compared with modern conventional hearing aids. AMEIs thus play a main role in the secondary care of @entity1 who do not have sufficient benefit or who have side effects after having a conventional hearing aid fitted.

title: [Differential indication of active XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'increased hearing gain']

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear implants']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear implants']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1652 ( @entity1652 ) are becoming first-line therapies for the treatment of @entity323 and preservation (rehabilitation) of erectile function following treatment for @entity263 . Currently, there is limited efficacy of the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in elderly @entity1 , or @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity6 , @entity101 , and @entity453 . AIM: The article aims to study the role of @entity34882 in @entity1 following @entity263 therapy. RESULTS: Alternative therapies such as @entity34882 have emerged as one of the primary options for @entity1 refractory to oral therapy. @entity34882 has also been successfully used in combination treatment with oral therapy and penile injections. More recently, there has been interest in the use of @entity34882 in early intervention protocols to encourage corporeal rehabilitation and prevention of @entity5501 . This is evident by the preservation of @entity546 and girth that is seen with early use of the @entity34882 following radical prostatectomy. There are ongoing studies to help preserve @entity546 and girth with early use of @entity34882 following prostate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for @entity263 . Recently, there has also been interest in the use of @entity34882 to help maintain @entity546 following surgical correction of @entity545 and to increase penile size prior to implantation of the penile prosthesis. CONCLUSION: @entity1652 can be one of the options for penile rehabilitation after @entity263 therapy.

title: @entity1652 revisited: its emerging role in the treatment of XXXX and early penile rehabilitation following @entity263 therapy.

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1652 :: ('MESH:D009471', 'Disease') :: ['Vacuum erection devices', 'VEDs']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ["Peyronie's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['postradical prostatectomy veno-occlusive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile length']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Laboratory models show that the beta-blocker, @entity1169 , can inhibit @entity1063 -induced @entity0 cell migration. We hypothesised that @entity0 @entity1 receiving beta-blockers for @entity101 would show reduced @entity3 and improved clinical outcome. Three @entity1 subgroups were identified from the medical records of 466 consecutive female @entity1 (median age 57, range 28-71) with operable @entity0 and follow-up (>10 years). Two subgroups comprised 43 and 49 @entity101 @entity1 treated with beta-blockers or other antihypertensives respectively, prior to @entity5 diagnosis. 374 @entity1 formed a non- @entity101 control group. @entity3 development, @entity5 recurrence and hazards risk were statistically compared between groups. Kaplan-Meier plots were used to model survival and @entity3918 . Beta-blocker treated @entity1 showed a significant reduction in @entity3 development (p=0.026), @entity5 recurrence (p=0.001), and longer disease free interval (p=0.01). In addition, there was a 57% reduced risk of @entity3 (Hazards ratio=0.430; 95% CI=0.200-0.926, p=0.031), and a 71% reduction in @entity0 mortality after 10 years (Hazards ratio=0.291; 95% CI=0.119-0.715, p=0.007). This proof-of-principle study showed beta-blocker therapy significantly reduces distant @entity3 , @entity5 recurrence, and @entity5 -specific mortality in @entity0 @entity1 suggesting a novel role for beta-blocker therapy. A larger epidemiological study leading to randomised clinical trials is needed for breast and other @entity5 types including colon, prostate and ovary.

title: Beta-blocker drug therapy reduces secondary XXXX formation in @entity0 and improves @entity5 specific survival.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['disease free interval, tumour', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 studies demonstrated that allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) represents an effective treatment for @entity56 . IT involves repeated administration of the sensitizing allergen, indicating a crucial contribution of T cells to its medicinal benefit. However, the underlying mechanisms of IT, especially in a @entity102 , are far from being definitive. In the current study, we sought to elucidate the suppressive mechanisms of IT in a @entity19 model of @entity56 . OVA-sensitized @entity19 were challenged with OVA or PBS for 4 wk. After development of @entity32 , @entity19 received OVA-specific IT or placebo alternately to airway challenge for 3 wk. To analyze the T cell-mediated mechanisms underlying IT in vivo, we elaborated the role of T-bet-expressing Th1 cells, T cell-derived @entity1618 , and Ag-specific thymic as well as peripherally induced @entity3744 (+) regulatory T (Treg) cells. IT ameliorated airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 in a chronic @entity565 model. Of note, IT even resulted in a regression of structural changes in the airways following chronic inhaled allergen exposure. Concomitantly, IT induced Th1 cells, @entity3744 (+), and @entity1618 -producing Treg cells. Detailed analyses revealed that thymic Treg cells crucially contribute to the effectiveness of IT by promoting @entity1618 production in @entity3744 -negative T cells. Together with the peripherally induced Ag-specific @entity3744 (+) Treg cells, thymic @entity3744 (+) Treg cells orchestrate the curative mechanisms of IT. Taken together, we demonstrate that IT is effective in a chronic @entity56 and dependent on @entity1618 and thymic as well as peripherally induced Ag-specific Treg cells.

title: @entity1618 and Regulatory T Cells Cooperate in Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy To Ameliorate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['airway inflammation', 'chronic airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'chronic allergic asthma', 'allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are currently no effective treatments to halt the muscle breakdown in @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ), although genetic-based clinical trials are being piloted. Most of these trials have as an endpoint the restoration of dystrophin in muscle fibers, hence requiring sufficiently well-preserved muscle of recruited @entity1 . The choice of the muscles to be studied and the role of noninvasive methods to assess muscle preservation therefore require further evaluation. METHODS: We studied the degree of @entity121 in the lower leg muscles of 34 @entity1 with @entity1555 >8 years, using muscle MRI. In a subgroup of 15 @entity1 we correlated the muscle MRI findings with the histology of open extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle biopsies. Muscle MRI involvement was assigned using a scale 0-4 (normal-severe). RESULTS: In all @entity1 we documented a gradient of involvement of the lower leg muscles: the posterior compartment (gastrocnemius > soleus) was most severely affected; the anterior compartment (tibialis anterior/posterior, popliteus, extensor digitorum longus) least affected. Muscle MRI showed EDB involvement that correlated with the @entity1 's age (p = 0.055). We show a correlation between the MRI and EDB histopathologic changes, with MRI 3-4 grades associated with a more severe fibro-adipose tissue replacement. The EDB was sufficiently preserved for bulk and signal intensity in 18/22 wheelchair users aged 10-16.6 years. CONCLUSION: This study provides a detailed correlation between muscle histology and MRI changes in @entity1555 and demonstrates the value of this imaging technique as a reliable tool for the selection of muscles in @entity1 recruited into clinical trials.

title: Muscle histology vs MRI in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle involvement']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A    (Lp- @entity1989   ) is a recently identified and potentially useful plasma biomarker for cardiovascular and @entity731 . However, the correlation between the Lp- @entity1989    activity and @entity2998 remains poorly investigated in @entity1 with @entity209 ( @entity209 ). The present study aimed to evaluate the potential role of Lp- @entity1989    as a comprehensive marker of @entity209 in individuals with and without @entity2998 . METHODS: We documented 118 consecutive @entity1 with @entity209 and 70 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. The @entity1 were further divided into two groups: 39 with carotid plaques and 79 without carotid plaques to elucidate the influence of Lp- @entity1989    on @entity2998 . The plasma Lp- @entity1989    activity was measured by using ELISA method and carotid @entity1004 ( @entity1004 ) was performed by ultrasound in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Lp- @entity1989    activity was significantly increased in @entity209 subgroups when compared with controls, and was higher in @entity1 with carotid plaques than those without plaques (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that significant difference in Lp- @entity1989    was obtained between @entity1 with three and four disorders of @entity209 (P < 0.01). Age (b = 0.183, P = 0.029), LDL- @entity165 (b = 0.401, P = 0.000) and waist-hip ratio (b = 0.410, P = 0.000) emerged as significant and independent determinants of Lp- @entity1989    activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis revealed that LDL- @entity165 (b = 0.309, P = 0.000), systolic blood pressure (b = 0.322, P = 0.002) and age (b = 0.235, P = 0.007) significantly correlated with max @entity1004 , and @entity6511 was not an independent predictor for @entity1004 . CONCLUSIONS: Lp- @entity1989    may be a modulating factor for @entity1004 via age and LDL- @entity165 , not independent predictor in the pathophysiological process of @entity2998 in @entity1 with @entity209 .

title: Plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in @entity1 with @entity209 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['intimal-media thickness', 'carotid IMT', 'IMT']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'MetS']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2998 :: (MESH:D002340,Disease) :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity465 ( @entity465 ) are traditionally considered childhood diseases; however, adults account for 35% of all @entity1 with @entity465 . @entity465 , especially @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ), which have their peak incidence in adulthood, require a high suspicion index. Even though the estimated frequency of @entity6078 is not high (1:25,000), high rates of under diagnosis and under reporting are very likely. The delay in diagnosis increases the morbidity and mortality; therefore, adult physicians should be able to suspect, identify and initiate management of individuals with @entity465 . Here we report the case of a 37 year-old @entity1 presenting to the emergency room with @entity1353 , @entity221 and cough; he developed @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. He complained of recurring @entity55 associated with widespread @entity4595 since he was 18 years old. Serum immunoglobulins quantification showed severe @entity7893 (total IgG <140 mg/dL; total IgA, 2.9 mg/dL; and total IgM <5 mg/dL). Treatment with @entity1 Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) 10% was started, and with antibiotic treatment for severe @entity55 (during 14 days) was also prescribed. His clinical evolution has been favorable after one year follow-up. @entity6078 ( @entity6078 ) diagnosis was made.

title: Disseminated XXXX in an adult with common variable @entity465 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'man']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6078 :: ('MESH:D017074', 'Disease') :: ['Common Variable Immunodeficiency', 'CVID']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['PID', 'Primary immunodeficiencies', 'Antibody deficiencies']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['hypogammaglobulinemia']

answer: @entity4595 :: (MESH:D001987,Disease) :: ['bronchiectasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eclampsia remains a major cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. We examined facilitators and barriers to the use of @entity2400 ( @entity2400 ) in the management of @entity1468 / @entity3036 ( @entity5029 ) in health facilities in Bauchi and Sokoto States in Nigeria. METHODS: Data were collected from 80 health facilities using a cross-sectional, mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) design. We assessed health facility readiness to manage @entity5029 and use @entity2400 as the drug of choice, through provider interviews, in-depth interviews with facility managers and an inventory of equipment and supply in facilities. Bivariate and qualitative data analyses were performed to isolate the principal enabling factors and barriers to the management of @entity5029 and use of @entity2400 . RESULTS: The majority of health facility providers correctly mentioned @entity2400 as the drug of choice for the prevention and termination of @entity410 in severe @entity5029 (65  %). Sixty-four percent of the health facilities had service registers available. About 45  % of providers had been trained on the use of @entity2400 for the management of @entity5029 . Regarding providers' practices, 45  % of respondents indicated that @entity2400 was used to prevent and treat @entity410 in severe @entity5029 in their facilities. Barriers to management of @entity5029 included inadequate numbers of skilled providers, frequent shortages of @entity2400 , lack of essential equipment and supplies, irregular supply of electricity and water, and non-availability of guidelines and clinical protocols at the health facilities. Technical support to providers was inadequate. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that a constellation of factors adversely affect the management of @entity5029 and especially the use of @entity2400 by service providers. Efforts to improve the management of @entity5029 in facilities should include integrated programs that substantially improve provider and facility readiness to manage @entity5029 for better maternal and newborn health outcomes in Northern Nigeria.

title: Factors influencing the use of @entity2400 in XXXX / @entity3036 management in health facilities in Northern Nigeria: a mixed methods study.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'MgSO4']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the anxiolytic effect of an ethanolic extract of @entity73014 Linn. in @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The elevated plus maze test (EPMT), light and dark test (L and DT) and open field test (OFT) were used to assess the anxiolytic activity of the ethanolic extract of @entity73014 Linn. in @entity19 . In addition, aggressive @entity146 was also assessed by @entity146 ( @entity146 ) and rota rod test (RRT). @entity3175 1 mg/kg served as a standard anxiolytic drug, administered orally. RESULTS: The ethanolic extract of @entity73014 (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the percentage of time spent and number of entries in open arm in EPMT. In L and DT, the extract produced significant increase in time spent, number of crossing and decrease in the duration of immobility in light box. In OFT, the extract showed significant increase in number of rearings, assisted rearings and number of square crossed, all of which are demonstrations of exploratory behavior. In @entity146 , @entity73014 extract attenuated @entity146 related to anxiolytic activity, such as number of vocalization, leaps, rearing, biting/attacks and facing each other in paired @entity19 . Furthermore, the extract produced skeletal muscle relaxant effect assessed by RRT. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study suggest that an ethanolic extract of @entity73014 may possess anxiolytic activity and provide a scientific evidence for its traditional claim.

title: Anxiolytic activity of XXXX Linn. in @entity19 as experimental models of anxiety.

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior', 'FSIAT', 'behavior and motor coordination', 'foot shock induced aggression test']

entities_list: @entity73014 :: ('34301', 'Species') :: ['Nymphaea alba', 'N. alba']

answer: @entity73014 :: (34301,Species) :: ['Nymphaea alba']


abstract: The anticonvulsant @entity109 (PB), at concentrations of 20, 40, and 90 micrograms/ml, was chronically applied to cell cultures of @entity19 spinal cord from day 2 or day 14 after initial plating, and the effects of this exposure on neuronal density and morphological characteristics were determined. Neuronal morphological characteristics were analyzed quantitatively following intracellular injection of the fluorescent dye Lucifer yellow. Cultures exposed to PB for 6 weeks, from day 14 after plating, showed concentration-dependent reductions in neuronal density; both large and small neurons were equally affected. PB exposure also reduced dendritic branching frequency, and the length of dendrites, of remaining large neurons. A higher percentage of these neurons had a bipolar branching pattern than was normally the case. Neurons in cultures exposed to PB from day 2 after plating, compared with those exposed from day 14, showed significantly less alteration in terms of density and morphological characteristics. Effects on neuronal morphological characteristics increased with duration of drug exposure. Equimolar concentrations of @entity17166 produced effects similar to those produced by PB. Chronic exposure to PB adversely affects survival and morphological characteristics of @entity1 central neurons grown in cell culture. Curiously, exposure from the time of initial plating appears to be less deleterious than exposure initiated 2 weeks later. To the extent that neuronal development in vitro can be compared to the situation in vivo, these results, and those of other investigators, raise concerns about long-term exposure of the developing @entity1 nervous system to PB.

title: Effects of chronic @entity109 exposure on cultured XXXX spinal cord neurons.

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['barbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity4177 , although rare, is the most common primary @entity5 of the liver in @entity1 . In this paper we describe a case of @entity4177 with unusual cytologic features and present the histologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of this @entity5 . A 7-month-old @entity1 presented with a large hepatic mass and metastatic nodules in both lungs. Intraoperative biopsy revealed a @entity4177 . Aspiration biopsy yielded a highly cellular aspirate with cords of pleomorphic cells embedded in a mucoid matrix. Histologic sections showed a diffusely infiltrative @entity5 composed of sheets and cords of highly pleomorphic cells. The neoplastic cells stained strongly positive for cytokeratin CAM 5.2 and @entity1325 and focally positive for @entity160 , ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity2277 . Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had abundant intercellular junctions and intracytoplasmic aggregates of intermediate filaments. A mucoid matrix, to our knowledge, has not been reported as a finding on aspiration biopsy. This @entity1 presented with pulmonary metastases, and thus we think the mucoid matrix may be a marker of a more @entity146 . This case illustrates additional cytologic features of @entity4177 and the usefulness of aspiration biopsy in the rapid diagnosis of this rare @entity5 .

title: XXXX . Report of a case with cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive variant of hepatoblastoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasm', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatoblastoma', 'hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['Hepatoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to analyze the role of complex lesion morphology on the acute results of angioplasty. BACKGROUND: Acute complications of angioplasty are higher in unstable than in stable @entity951 . The unstable culprit lesion is usually complex, indicative of plaque disruption and @entity715 formation. Previous nonrandomized studies have shown that the presence of intracoronary thombus increases morbidity after coronary angioplasty. The role of complex morphology in coronary angioplasty outcome was studied in a prespecified subgroup analysis of a large multicenter coronary angioplasty trial. METHODS: The results of coronary angioplasty from the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in @entity1459 (TAUSA) trial were analyzed. This large trial randomized 469 @entity1 in double-blinded manner to receive either intracoronary urokinase or placebo during coronary angioplasty of the culprit lesion in @entity63 with or without recent @entity1188 . The study presented here analyzes in detail the results of coronary angioplasty in complex versus simple lesions in the urokinase and placebo groups. @entity75 were defined before angioplasty by a core laboratory as having one or more of the following: irregular borders, overhanging edges, @entity1066 or intraluminal filling defects proximal or distal to the lesion. RESULTS: Of the 469 @entity1 , 458 had identifiable culprit lesions, of which 245 were complex and 213 were simple. @entity75 were associated with a higher abrupt closure rate than simple lesions (10.6% vs. 3.3%, respectively, p < 0.003). @entity1 with complex lesions also had higher recurrent in-hospital @entity951 (p < 0.02) and emergent bypass surgery (p < 0.02). Further analysis of complex lesions revealed that abrupt closure was particularly high in the urokinase group (15.0% vs 5.9% for the placebo group, p < 0.03), and most abrupt closures were @entity715 . Composite clinical end points were also significantly higher with complex lesions and urokinase. In the placebo group, complex lesions had a higher abrupt closure rate as well as postcoronary angioplasty filling defects, but clinical end points were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: @entity75 before coronary angioplasty increase acute complication rates after coronary angioplasty. Urokinase as administered in the TAUSA trial had significant adverse effects, especially in complex lesions. However, even in the placebo arm, complex lesions were associated with higher complication rates than simple lesions. Newer antithrombotic measures that particularly target the platelet may eventually decrease complication rates in these lesions.

title: Angioplasty of complex lesions in @entity63 : results of the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in XXXX (TAUSA) trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic rest angina']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Complex lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable Angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1459 :: (MESH:D000789,Disease) :: ['Unstable Angina']


abstract: Background: In contrast to @entity794 -derived superantigenic exotoxins, the role of non-superantigenic exotoxins in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic @entity1030 remains obscure. We sought to characterize @entity794 alpha-toxin-induced cellular responses in chronic rhinosinusitis with @entity480 (CRSwNP). Methods: Dispersed nasal polyp cells and uncinate tissue cells were prepared from @entity1 with @entity91 with and without @entity480 , respectively. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of alpha-toxin or staphylococcal enterotoxin B and then the levels of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-y, IL-17A, and @entity688 in the cell supernatants were determined. The pathophysiological significance of alpha-toxin-induced cytokine production was also determined including radiological severity of rhinosinusitis, tissue and blood @entity1712 , serum total IgE level, and 1-s forced expiratory volume/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC). Results: Nasal polyp cells produced substantial amounts of IL-5, IL-13, IFN-y, IL-17A, and @entity688 in response to alpha-toxin. Cytokine production was higher in nasal polyp cells than in uncinate tissue cells. The potency of alpha-toxin in stimulating IL-5, IL-13, and @entity688 production was comparable to that of @entity11765 . Alpha-toxin-induced IFN-y, IL-17A, and @entity688 production significantly and negatively correlated with the degree of eosinophil infiltration into @entity480 . Conversely, alpha-toxin-induced IFN-y and @entity688 production significantly and positively correlated with FEV1/FVC. @entity688 production was significantly lower in @entity748 @entity1 compared to non-asthmatics Conclusions: @entity794 -derived alpha-toxin can provoke cellular responses in @entity480 . These responses, especially failure to synthesize @entity688 , may play a role in the pathophysiology of CRSwNP.

title: Cellular Responses to XXXX Alpha-Toxin in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with @entity480 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity11765 :: ('MESH:D004768', 'Chemical') :: ['enterotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: @entity1317 account for 25% to 30% of all @entity1317 seen in urban @entity130 centers where penetrating wounds are the most common cause of @entity130 . @entity1 have moderate @entity551 if contained @entity1410 are present and present in extremis with massive @entity1661 , if @entity548 into the peritoneal cavity is occurring. Injuries occur in five areas, each containing its own vessels and techniques of exposure and vascular repair. Included are the midline supramesocolic, midline inframesocolic, lateral perirenal, lateral pelvic, and portal areas. In these areas, arterial repair is essentially always attempted, whereas ligation of major veins, if necessary, is well tolerated in many instances. Survival depends on the number and magnitude of associated vascular and @entity130 . If an operation can be performed soon after injury, survival with most major abdominal arterial injuries ranges from 35% to 85%. When major @entity1317 are considered, the survival rate ranges from 50% to 95%. @entity260 include @entity715 of repairs, dehiscence of suture lines, and @entity281 . Second-look operations may be beneficial to evaluate tenuous repairs, whereas various techniques are helpful in avoiding suture line breakdowns as a result of @entity281 .

title: Approach to major XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal venous injuries', 'vascular injuries', 'Abdominal vascular injuries']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['visceral injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1317 :: (MESH:D057772,Disease) :: ['abdominal vascular injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1224 ( @entity1224 ) to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with indirect markers of mast cell activation and @entity32 . It is unknown how @entity1224 to @entity2656 relates to mast cell phenotype, mast cell function and measures of @entity32 in airway tissue. We compared the number and phenotype of mast cells, mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes and number of eosinophils in airway tissue of subjects with @entity565 and healthy controls in relation to @entity1224 to @entity2656 . METHODS: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 was measured in 23 non-smoking, corticosteroid-free asthmatic individuals and 10 healthy controls. Mast cells and eosinophils were identified in mucosal biopsies from all @entity1 . Mast cells were divided into phenotypes based on the presence of chymase. mRNA expression of mast cell-associated genes was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The proportion of submucosal MCTC was higher in asthmatic individuals with @entity1224 to @entity2656 compared with asthmatic individuals without @entity1224 (median: 40.3% vs. 18.7%, P  =  0.03). Increased submucosal MCTC numbers were associated with increased levels of mRNA for @entity24373 ( @entity24373 ) and @entity26135 in asthmatics. Reactivity to @entity2656 correlated significantly with eosinophils in submucosa (r(s): 0.56, P  =  0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1224 to inhaled @entity2656 is associated with an altered submucosal mast cell profile in asthmatic individuals. This mast cell profile is associated with increased levels of @entity24373 and @entity26135 . The degree of @entity1224 to @entity2656 is correlated with the degree of @entity32 in the airway submucosa.

title: Airway responsiveness to XXXX in @entity565 is associated with chymase-positive mast cells and @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic airway inflammation', 'eosinophilic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['Airway hyperresponsiveness', 'AHR']

entities_list: @entity24373 :: ('85480', 'Gene') :: ['thymic stromal lymphopoietin', 'TSLP']

answer: @entity2656 :: (MESH:D008353,Chemical) :: ['mannitol']


abstract: Primary @entity602 are rare @entity5 comprising two percent of all @entity4097 . Although a treatment guideline has yet to be established, maximal surgical resection is primary in the treatment of @entity602 . Adjuvant radiotherapy has remained controversial, and it is unclear whether chemotherapy adds any benefit. In this case report, the authors present a 24-year-old male who had a seven-year history of @entity425 and a radiating @entity158 in both legs. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed an intramedullary mass at the T4-T8 level. He underwent subtotal @entity5 and pathologic diagnosis revealed a WHO grade II @entity3271 . The @entity1 was treated with radiotherapy postoperatively and followed up with MRI annually. Clinical and radiological status of the @entity1 had been stationary for four years after the surgery. The five-year follow-up MRI showed an increase in the size and extent of the @entity41 . Despite radiological progression, considering that symptoms and the performance status of the @entity1 had remained unchanged, further treatment has not been performed. Given the clinical outcome of this @entity1 , close observation after subtotal removal with adjuvant radiotherapy is one of the acceptable treatment options for WHO grade II @entity602 .

title: Primary XXXX with Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy: A Case Report.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord oligodendrogliomas']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['left leg weakness']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Oligodendroglioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the growing tendency toward tooth-colored restorations in dentistry, polymerization shrinkage and subsequent marginal microleakage remains a problem. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare microleakage between @entity16971 -based and @entity11379 -based composite resins at different time intervals and with different restorative techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, 108 sound extracted @entity1 molar teeth were used. Mesial and distal proximal class II boxes with dimensions of 1.5 mm depth and 4 mm width were prepared. The gingival margins of all cavities were 1 mm below the cement enamel junction. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups based on test materials. In the first group, the teeth were restored by a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT, 3MESPE) and SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray, Japan), in the second group, the teeth were restored with a @entity16971 -based (Filtek @entity12328 , 3MESPE) and Filtek @entity12328 Adhesive (3M ESPE, USA) and in the third group, the teeth were restored with a microhybrid posterior composite resin (Filtek @entity27761 , 3MESPE) and SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray, Japan). Half of the proximal cavities in each of these three groups were restored in two horizontal layers and the other half in four horizontal layers. After a period of aging (24-h, 3-month and 6-month) in water and then application of 500 thermal cycles, the teeth were immersed for 24-h in 0.5% @entity7661 and evaluated under a stereomicroscope at *36 magnification to evaluate leakage in @entity2522 . Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. P  <= 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In Z350XT statistically significant differences were observed in microleakage in comparison of 24-h and 6-month intervals (P = 0.01) that was higher in 6-month. Comparison of microleakage in @entity12328 and @entity27761 composite resins was also statistically significant and was less in @entity12328 . Microleakage was not significantly different between @entity12328 and Z350XT at 24-h. However, this difference was significant at 3-month and 6-month intervals. Differences in microleakage of @entity27761 and Z-350XT composite resins were not statistically significant in all intervals (P = 0.38). @entity12328 showed the lowest microleakage during storage in water. Z350XT had microleakage similar to @entity12328 within 24-h, but after 6-month of storage in water, it showed the highest microleakage among all the groups. The number of layers (2 layers vs. 4 layers) did not result in any differences in microleakage scores of the composite resins (P = 0.42). CONCLUSION: Water storage times did not result in any significant effect on microleakage of @entity12328 and @entity27761 .

title: Comparison of microleakage in Class II cavities restored with @entity16971 -based and XXXX -based composite resins using different restorative techniques over time.

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival margin']

answer: @entity11379 :: (CHEBI:25218,Chemical) :: ['methacrylate']


abstract: Several genotypic methods have been developed for determining the host origin of fecal bacteria in contaminated waters. Some of these methods rely on a host origin database to identify environmental isolates. It is not well understood to what degree these host origin isolates are geographically variable (i.e., cosmopolitan or endemic). This is important because a geographically limited host origin database may or may not be universally applicable. The objective of our study was to use one genotypic method, ribotyping, to determine the geographic variability of the fecal bacterium, @entity526 , from one location in Idaho and three locations in Georgia for @entity291 ( @entity291 ), @entity1641 ( @entity1641 ), @entity1707 ( @entity1707 ), and @entity1573 ( @entity1573 ). A total of 568 fecal @entity526 isolates from Kimberly, ID (125 isolates), Athens, GA (210 isolates), Brunswick, GA (102 isolates), and Tifton, GA (131 isolates), yielded 213 ribotypes. The percentage of ribotype sharing within an animal species increased with decreased distance between geographic locations for @entity291 and @entity1641 , but not for @entity1707 and @entity1573 . When the @entity526 ribotypes among the four host species were compared at one location, the percent of unshared ribotypes was 86, 89, 81, and 79% for Kimberly, Athens, Brunswick, and Tifton, respectively. These data suggest that there is good ribotype separation among host animal species at each location. The ability to match environmental isolates to a host origin database may depend on a large number of environmental and host origin isolates that ideally are not geographically separated.

title: Geographic variability of XXXX ribotypes from animals in Idaho and Georgia.

entities_list: @entity1707 :: ('9823', 'Species') :: ['Sus scrofa', 'swine']

entities_list: @entity1641 :: ('9796', 'Species') :: ['Equus caballus', 'horse', 'horses']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus gallus domesticus', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['Bos taurus', 'cattle']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe variations in blood-based resuscitation in an injured cohort. We hypothesize that distinct transfusion trajectories are present. BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies of @entity548 utilize the concept of massive transfusion, where a set volume of blood is required. Patterns of @entity548 vary and massive transfusion does little to describe these differences. METHODS: @entity1 were prospectively included from June 2012 to 2013. Time of transfusion for each packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfused was recorded, in minutes, for all @entity1 . Additional measures included @entity130 data, admission laboratory values, and vital signs and outcomes including mortality, tempo of transfusion, and operative requirements. Group-based trajectory modeling was utilized to describe transfusion trajectories throughout the cohort. RESULTS: Three hundred sixteen @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 72% were @entity1 and median age was 35 years (interquartile range [IQR] 24-50), median injury severity score was 13 (IQR 9-22), median 24-hour transfusion volume was 4 units of PRBCs (IQR 2-8), and mortality was 14%. Six transfusion trajectories were identified. Among the @entity1 , 35% received negligible transfusions (group 1). Groups 2 and 3 received greater than 15 units PRBCs-the former as early resuscitation, whereas the latter intermittently throughout the day. Groups 4 and 5 had similar small resuscitations with distinct demographic differences. Group 6 suffered @entity1913 and required rapid resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional definitions of massive transfusion are broad and imprecise. In cohorts of severely injured @entity1 , there are distinct, identifiable transfusion trajectories. Identification of subgroups is important in understanding clinical course and to anticipate resuscitative and therapeutic needs.

title: Utilizing Group-based Trajectory Modeling to Understand Patterns of XXXX and Resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['demographic and injury']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['Hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) is a potent vasodilator that was initially described as the mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, @entity12834 ). It is now known that NO is produced by a variety of other cell types. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: Endothelium produces NO ( @entity12834 ) under basal conditions and in response to a variety of vasoactive stimuli in large cerebral arteries and the cerebral microcirculation. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in the presence of several pathophysiological conditions. This impairment may contribute to @entity2806 or @entity64 . Activation of @entity2227 receptors appears to be a major stimulus for production of NO by neurons. Neuronally derived NO may mediate local increases in cerebral blood flow during increases in cerebral metabolism. NO synthase-containing neurons also innervate large cerebral arteries and cerebral arterioles on the brain surface. Activation of parasympathetic fibers that innervate cerebral vessels produces NO-dependent increases in cerebral blood flow. Increases in cerebral blood flow during @entity2944 also appear to be dependent on production of NO. Astrocytes may release some NO constitutively, but astrocytes and microglia can release relatively large quantities of NO after induction of NO synthase in response to endotoxin or some cytokines. Expression of @entity3623 , perhaps in response to local production of cytokines, may exert cytotoxic effects in brain during or after @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Because endothelium, neurons, and glia can all produce NO in response to some stimuli, the influence of NO on the cerebral circulation appears to be very important. Under normal conditions, constitutively produced NO influences basal cerebral vascular tone and mediates vascular responses to a diverse group of stimuli. The inducible form of NO synthase produces much greater amounts of NO that may be an important mediator of @entity137 in brain.

title: XXXX and the cerebral circulation.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NO synthase']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity78 ceramics are synthetic bone substitutes able to fill in @entity79 as a support of the bone growth. This work consisted in an in vitro assessment of osteoblasts and fibroblasts cultures on macroporous @entity460 - @entity1391 bone substitutes to analyze the interaction between cells and bone substitute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The macroporous ceramic was composed of 70% @entity692 and 30% @entity9039 with known mechanical and physico-chemical properties. Three compounds were processed with different size of macropore and with or without microporosity on their surface. Cells were seeded on discs measuring 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Cellular viability was evaluated by the @entity98 test for every stage of observation. An histological study to observe the invasion in the depth of discs was performed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the cellular comportment in contact with the surface of substitutes. RESULTS: An exponential cellular growth was effective on each substitute with the two cellular types. Cells spread on the surface of the compounds covering macropores and colonized the depth of the discs. A size of macropore of 300 microm or more seemed to support this invasion. 15 microm sized interconnections appeared to be effective to allow cell migration between macropores. The cell proliferation was similar on substitutes with or without microporosity. CONCLUSION: Biomaterials currently used as bone substitute are more or less osteoconductive but they have no osteoinductive property. A hybrid association of @entity78 ceramic with osteogenic cells should promote the development of a @entity78 compound with osteoinductive capacity.

title: [Cellular culture of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on porous @entity460 - XXXX bone substitutes].

entities_list: @entity9039 :: ('MESH:C018392', 'Chemical') :: ['tri-calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate', 'calcium-phosphate', 'Calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1391 :: (CHEBI:26020,Chemical) :: ['phosphate']


abstract: Since it is impossible to estimate radiation @entity105 in @entity1 , particularly its type and the magnitude of risk, from data obtained from animal experiments, it is necessary to conduct studies directly using epidemiological data on @entity1 populations. In addition to @entity1129 , populations subject to occupational exposure and medical exposure are considered as samples for epidemiological study of radiation @entity105 . With regard to @entity1129 , the Japanese National Institute of Health and the Atomic Bomb Causality Commission ( @entity11092 ) of the U.S. initiated joint programs in 1947, two years after the bombings, and they have energetically engaged in research activities since then. Especially after 1950 a fixed population of approximately 110,000 individuals, composed of @entity1129 and non-exposed subjects as controls, was established and a large-scale epidemiological prospective study has been conducted for a long-term follow-up of the population. In 1970 the @entity11092 was reorganized as the Radiation Effects Research Foundation, a joint U.S.-Japan research organization, but the research programs have been continued. The results are often cited as the most reliable data available in the reports of both the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR report) and the U.S. Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR report), and are also regarded as important data in the calculation of permissible dose (dose limit) by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Scientists from various countries other than the U.S., such as the United Kingdom, Israel, the @entity1 's Republic of China and Indonesia in the capacity of visiting research fellows have engaged in collaborative studies in the fields of epidemiology, immunology, cytogenetics and pathology at the REF Recently a British biostatistician, engaged in an analysis of the follow-up study for a fixed population of approximately 20,000 individuals who underwent radiotherapy for @entity1691 in the United Kingdom, joined the Foundation to make a comparative study of research data concerning a fixed population of @entity1129 , especially the mortality rate from @entity5 , using the same analytical method as that employed in England and confirmed that the developmental pattern of radiation-induced @entity5 is almost the same in the two populations. This is one typical example of the collaborative studies being carried out. At present, reassessment of radiation dosimetry, which provides a basis for risk estimation, is being conducted with the cooperation of radiation physicists in U.S. and Japan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: ["International cooperation in XXXX research" research on radiation carcinogenicity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'man', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A-bomb survivors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity97 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity97 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity16332 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity1 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity1 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with baseline @entity97 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity97 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity1 with @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity1956 @entity1 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity97 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity97 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of @entity16332 response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity1956 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Animal models are indispensable for the study of tumorigenesis and the development of anti- @entity5 drugs for @entity1 @entity788 . In the present study, two orthotopic xenograft @entity19 models were developed. @entity1 @entity1 @entity788 cells were stably labeled with red fluorescent protein ( @entity7351 ) and injected subcutaneously into @entity19 . For the @entity5 mass model, the formed subcutaneous @entity5 were cut into blocks and implanted into the pancreas of @entity19 via laparotomy. For the Matrigel    @entity5 block model, solidified Matrigel containing @entity7351 -labeled @entity1 cells was cut into blocks and implanted into the pancreas of @entity19 . A subcutaneous @entity5 xenograft model was used as a control. @entity5 growth and @entity3 were assessed using an in vivo fluorescence imaging system. Thirty-six days after implantation, all @entity19 from the two orthotopic xenograft models (n=20 per group) and 55% of the subcutaneous xenograft @entity19 (n=20) developed @entity5 . The @entity5 growth rate was significantly higher in the orthotopic models than that in the subcutaneous model (P<0.01). @entity3 to organs such as the liver was observed in the @entity5 models. Histological examination showed that the @entity5 were poorly differentiated @entity420 . In conclusion, two orthotopic xenograft @entity19 models of @entity1 @entity788 were established; these exhibited greater @entity5 growth and @entity3 than the subcutaneous xenograft @entity19 model.

title: Construction of orthotopic xenograft XXXX models for @entity1 @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'orthotopic tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The ideal antidepressant would control @entity308 with no adverse effect on sexual function. @entity323 and other @entity250 associated with antidepressant medication treatment are problems with many antidepressants and can lead to @entity1 dissatisfaction and decreased compliance with treatment. A computerized MEDLINE search (English language, 1966-2003) was performed using the terms antidepressive agents, @entity323 , and @entity250 . Emphasis was placed on studies with specific sexual function measurements taken before and after treatment and placebo control. Mixed mediator, nonserotonergic antidepressants that block postsynaptic serotonin type 2 receptors ( @entity9021 , @entity13332 ) or that primarily increase @entity935 or @entity1063 levels ( @entity752 ) were thought to be good choices for avoiding antidepressant-associated @entity250 or for switching @entity1 in whom antidepressant-associated @entity250 emerged. Comparisons with @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) have revealed @entity458 with nonserotonergic @entity752 , less @entity409 with @entity9021 , and superior overall satisfaction with sexual functioning with @entity752 or @entity9021 . However, most of these studies have design flaws that make evidence-based claims of efficacy difficult to substantiate. Agents proposed for antidote use in antidepressant-associated @entity250 have either not been studied in @entity1 or not proved efficacious in randomized placebo-controlled trials. Switching to and augmentation with @entity752 or @entity9021 have also not clearly shown efficacy in controlled trials and require care and monitoring to avoid SRI discontinuation symptoms and loss of antidepressant efficacy. Few proposed treatment options, apart from avoidance, have proved effective for antidepressant-associated @entity250 , which can have negative consequences on @entity308 management.

title: Antidepressant-related XXXX : management via avoidance, switching antidepressants, antidotes, and adaptation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'Erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['orgasm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['less desire and orgasm dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: Loading of the spine induces dynamic changes in the osmotic environment of the intervertebral disc (IVD) due to the exudation and recovery of tissue water. Cells from the anulus fibrosus (AF) respond to osmotic stress with altered biosynthesis through a pathway that may involve @entity460 ( @entity141 ) as a second messenger. We examined the hypothesis that AF cells respond to hypo-osmotic stress by swelling and initiating regulatory volume decrease (RVD). Further, the role of F-actin disruption and transient increases in intracellular @entity460 concentration ([ @entity141 ]i) in volume adaptation were studied. In response to hypo-osmotic stress, AF cells swelled, disrupted F-actin, and exhibited [ @entity141 ]i transients in proportion to the magnitude of the stress. The transient disruption of F-actin was dependent on the presence of extracellular @entity141 . After swelling, AF cells underwent RVD at all magnitudes of hypo-osmotic stress. The extent of RVD was diminished significantly by F-actin breakdown using cytochalasin D or by inhibition of swelling-induced F-actin disruption by removing extracellular @entity141 . Swelling-induced disruption of F-actin facilitated RVD, as evidenced by a more rapid volume recovery with increased F-actin breakdown. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the F-actin network plays an important role in the response of AF cells to osmotic stress.

title: The role of F-actin in hypo-osmotically induced cell volume change and XXXX signaling in anulus fibrosus cells.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the development rate of @entity157 and survival of @entity1 diagnosed to have regenerative, and low-grade and high-grade dysplastic liver nodules. DESIGN: Retrospective descriptive study. SETTING: Acute public hospital, Hong Kong. @entity1 : @entity1 with non-malignant liver nodules confirmed by imaging-guided liver biopsy between January 1997 and December 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rates of @entity157 development and survival. RESULTS: A total of 147 @entity1 with non-malignant liver nodules were followed up over a median duration of 29 months. The initial histological diagnosis included regenerative nodules (n=74), low-grade dysplastic nodules (n=34), and high-grade dysplastic nodules (n=39). The respective cumulative @entity157 development rate during the first, second, third, and fourth year were 3%, 5%, 9% and 12% for simple regenerative nodules, 29%, 35%, 38% and 44% for low-grade dysplastic nodules, and 38%, 41%, 51% and 51% for high-grade dysplastic nodules. The @entity157 development rate was highest in those with high-grade dysplastic nodules. Multivariate analysis showed that histological dysplastic changes were associated with increased @entity160 levels and advanced age, which were both independent predictors of @entity157 development. Histological dysplastic changes, male sex, advanced age, prolonged prothrombin time, and ultrasound appearances were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity6349 in liver nodules increased the risk of @entity157 development and @entity204 .

title: Hepatocarcinogenesis of regenerative and dysplastic nodules in Chinese XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic change']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The @entity8034 ( @entity8034 ), also known as @entity8389 , has been shown previously to regulate T-cell function and is produced by T cells and endothelial cells. It was reported recently to be elevated in mild @entity779 @entity1 during @entity697 . The @entity8389 gene encodes several splice products: L (long), V (short) and s (soluble). A cohort of 38 @entity1 with @entity7643 ( @entity7643 ) and mild @entity779 ( @entity779 ) were evaluated using a secreted soluble @entity8389 (sST2) ELISA. The RNA expression of @entity8389 was evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR using @entity1 ' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vitro using @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to sera from @entity779 @entity1 . @entity7643 @entity1 had higher levels of serum sST2, @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity310 ), @entity687 and @entity688 compared with @entity779 @entity1 and normal healthy control individuals. However, viraemia was indistinguishable between mild and severe cases. No changes in @entity8389 mRNA expression were found in PBMCs from these two groups of @entity779 @entity1 . In vitro, sST2 was elevated in HUVECs treated with @entity1 sera. Neutralization of @entity310 in @entity1 sera by pre-treatment with a @entity310 antibody inhibited the upregulation of sST2 expression in HUVECs. These results implicate serum @entity310 in the modulation of expression of sST2 in an in vitro system, and indicate that sST2 could be associated with the severity of disease. Further studies to determine whether sST2 levels are predictive of the severe form of the disease and the role of sST2 in immune regulation are warranted.

title: Levels of soluble XXXX in serum associated with severity of @entity779 due to @entity5 necrosis factor alpha stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8034 :: ('9173', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 receptor-like-1 protein', 'IL1RL1']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['DHF', 'dengue haemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'DF', 'dengue']

answer: @entity8389 :: (6761,Gene) :: ['ST2']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of single-session aspiration and @entity1068 sclerotherapy with laparoscopic de-roofing in the management of symptomatic @entity8 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 2010 and December 2012, @entity1 with @entity8 presenting with pressure and @entity158 symptoms were divided into two groups. In Group 1 following local anesthetic administration, single session percutaneous aspiration with 95% @entity1068 sclerotherapy (n=38) and in Group 2 transperitoneal laparoscopic de-roofing under general anesthesia (n=42) were performed. The data were evaluated retrospectively and demographic characteristics, duration of operation and hospitalization, complication rates, cost effectiveness, radiological and symptomatic success rates at six month- follow-up were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The mean age and gender of the @entity1 , cyst diamater, side and localization of the cyst and indications for intervention were similar in two groups. The median course of treatment and hospitalization were signifcantly decreased in Group 1 (respectively 33 min versus 59 min and 6 hours versus 24 hours, p<0.001). As complications in Group 1 fever in two @entity1 (5.3%) and in Group 2 bleeding requiring transfusion in one @entity1 (2.4%) were observed (p=0.495). Total cost was calculated as   131.7 in Group 1 and   729.8 in Group 2. After the sixth month follow-up control radiological success rates were found to be signifcantly higher in Group 2, while symptomatic success rate is similar in both groups (63.2% versus 95.2%, p<0.001; 94.7% versus 97.6%, p=0.498, respectively). CONCLUSION: Single-session percutaneous aspiration with @entity285 sclerotherapy and laparoscopic de-roofing are safe and effective methods in the treatment of symptomatic @entity8 . While radiological recurrence rate was higher in single session percutaneous aspiration with @entity285 sclerotherapy, however similar symptomatic recurrence rates were seen with laparoscopy. Therefore single session percutaneous aspiration combined with @entity285 sclerotherapy seems to be an important option in the treatment of @entity8 when considering the duration of the operation, hospitalization and total costs of the process.

title: Comparison of single-session aspiration and XXXX sclerotherapy with laparoscopic de-roofing in the management of symptomatic @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['simple renal cysts']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plant-derived compounds have been used clinically to treat type 2 @entity6 for many years as they also exert additional beneficial effects on various other disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of anti- @entity6 activity of twelve (seven Australian Aboriginal and five Indian Ayurvedic) plant extracts. METHODS: The ethanolic plant extracts were investigated for @entity413 uptake and adipogenesis in @entity19 3T3-L1 adipocytes. @entity137 studies were also carried out against two cancerous cell lines, HeLa and A549, to investigate the potential anti- @entity5 activities of the extracts. RESULTS: Of the seven Australian Aboriginal plant extracts tested, only Acacia kempeana and Santalum spicatum stimulated @entity413 uptake in adipocytes. Among the five Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts, only Curculigo orchioides enhanced @entity413 uptake. With respect to adipogenesis, the Australian plants Acacia tetragonophylla, Beyeria leshnaultii and Euphorbia drumondii and the Indian plants Pterocarpus marsupium, Andrographis paniculata and Curculigo orchioides reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. Extracts of Acacia kempeana and Acacia tetragonophylla showed potent and specific activity against HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the plant extracts exert their anti- @entity6 properties by different mechanisms, including the stimulation of @entity413 uptake in adipocytes, inhibition of adipogenesis or both. Apart from their anti- @entity6 activities, some of the extracts have potential for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Exploring the anti- XXXX potential of Australian Aboriginal and Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts using cell-based assays.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: To investigate the basis for the pattern of ovarian @entity134 production during the @entity291 estrous cycle, the tissue concentrations of major steroidogenic enzymes, 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 and @entity165 side-chain cleavage cytochrome P-450 ( @entity21767 ), and their respective electron donors, @entity1110 - @entity70880 and adrenodoxin, were estimated and compared with those of the nonsteroidogenic enzymes, @entity21304 and F1-ATPase. The levels of these enzymes were estimated in medium sized (9-11 mm) and large (14-18 mm) follicles after removal of follicular fluid by centrifugation, and corpora lutea from the early, early-mid late-mid, and late stages of the luteal phase (n = 5 per group). The specific contents of all enzymes and electron donors were determined by immunoblot analysis, except for @entity21304 , which was quantified by determination of specific activity. The specific (per microgram of tissue homogenate protein) and total (per follicle or corpus luteum) tissue contents of 17 alpha-hydroxylase cytochrome P-450 increased 0.5- and 5-fold respectively from medium sized to large follicles, but then decreased to undetectable levels in corpora lutea in the early luteal phase, and remained undetectable throughout the luteal phase. In contrast, the specific content of @entity1110 - @entity70880 was similar between follicles and corpora lutea. The specific contents of @entity21767 , adrenodoxin and @entity21304 in follicles were similar to those of corpora lutea of the early luteal phase. However, by the early-mid luteal phase the specific contents of luteal cytochrome @entity21767 (490 +/- 46 vs. 5709 +/- 982 cpm/micrograms protein) and adrenodoxin (44 +/- 15 vs. 705 +/- 229 cpm/micrograms protein) were increased, by 12- and 15-fold, respectively (P less than 0.05). In contrast, @entity21304 activity (29.1 +/- 10.1 vs. 108.6 +/- 20.7 nmol/mg tissue protein X min) and the specific content of F1-ATPase increased only 3- to 4-fold reflective of an increase in numbers of mitochondria. The levels of these enzymes remained elevated until the late luteal phase when they declined markedly. It is concluded that the induction of synthesis of @entity21767 and adrenodoxin after ovulation is specific and does not merely reflect biogenesis of mitochondria during luteinization. Moreover the changes in the types of @entity230 produced by the ovarian compartments throughout the estrous cycle are a reflection of changes in the tissue content of steroidogenic enzymes.

title: Cytochromes @entity21767 , P-450(17)alpha, adrenodoxin, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate- @entity70880 in XXXX follicles and corpora lutea. Changes in specific contents during the ovarian cycle.

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Cortical @entity3325 ( @entity3325 ) monitoring was used in 15 @entity1 2 to 50 years old undergoing repair of @entity1498 to detect the onset of @entity2759 during the cross-clamp period. Three different response patterns were observed. In 8 @entity1 (53%), the @entity3325 remained unchanged throughout the cross-clamping. This was designated a type 1 response. Six @entity1 (40%) showed a gradual deterioration in the @entity3325 after 15 minutes of cross-clamping (type 2 response). All SEPs returned to normal levels within 5 minutes of release of the clamp. One @entity1 (7%) demonstrated a decline in @entity3325 commencing prior to the application of the cross-clamp when an intercostal vessel was controlled with slings. The @entity3325 completely disappeared within 5 minutes of cross-clamping, but after 19 minutes the repair was completed and the @entity3325 returned within 3 minutes of reperfusion (type 3 response). No @entity1 sustained neurological sequelae of repair. We believe that @entity3325 monitoring offers the potential to identify the @entity1 at risk of developing @entity2759 intraoperatively before irreversible damage occurs. However, it is susceptible to deep @entity1508 anesthesia, which abolishes all cortical responses and requires expert monitoring.

title: Somatosensory evoked potentials in the detection of XXXX in @entity1498 repair.

entities_list: @entity3325 :: ('MESH:D020886', 'Disease') :: ['SEP', 'somatosensory evoked potential']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity2759 :: ('MESH:D020760', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ischemia']

answer: @entity2759 :: (MESH:D020760,Disease) :: ['spinal cord ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To locate preoperatively continent @entity1 with @entity3577 at risk of developing @entity322 after surgery by means of reducing the prolapse preoperatively with a speculum and a pessary. DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Northern Alvborgs County Hospital, Varbergs Hospital, and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden, between 2000 and 2004. POPULATION: @entity1 scheduled for anterior wall repair with no history of @entity322 . METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire, a voiding diary, a gynecological examination including staging of prolapse with the Pelvic Organ Quantification System and clinical testing preoperatively and one year after vaginal repair. The first test included a cough test while the prolapse was reduced with a speculum. The second test was performed with the @entity1 undergoing a standardized quantification test and a 48-hour pad test after reducing the prolapse with a pessary. Postoperatively, clinical testing was repeated one year after surgery without any device in place. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Reported symptoms of leakage during movement or coughing. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were included. Before surgery, six (8.1%) @entity1 tested positive during the speculum test and seven (9.5%) during the pessary test. Eight @entity1 (10.8%) were found to have subjective @entity3142 after 1 year. This was only confirmed in four @entity1 during stress testing. The positive predictive values for subjective @entity3142 of the speculum and the pessary tests were 42.9% (95%CI 12.0-76.9) and 33.3% (95%CI -4.4 to +71.5), respectively. The negative predictive values of the tests were 92.5% (95%CI 90.3-1.00) and 91.1% (95%CI 88.5-99.7). CONCLUSIONS: The tested preoperative methods predicting de novo subjective @entity3142 after anterior wall repair did not show sufficient positive predictive values to be clinically useful.

title: Can de novo XXXX after anterior wall repair be predicted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3577 :: ('MESH:D056887', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic organ prolapse']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'stress incontinence']

answer: @entity3142 :: (MESH:D014550,Disease) :: ['stress incontinence']


abstract: @entity8625 ( @entity8625 ) is a rare form of @entity1778 characterized by a very high-proliferation index, rapid clinical progression, and a high frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Commonly, it is treated in the clinical trials for @entity2109 , of which it represents the leukemic counterpart. PROCEDURE: @entity1 with @entity8625 diagnosed between 1988 and 1999 were enrolled in the AIEOP-8805 protocol. Treatment included six high-dose chemotherapy courses. No prophylactic CNS irradiation was administered. RESULTS: Sixty-five consecutive @entity1 were enrolled in the study. L3 morphology was observed in 57 of 65 @entity1 (88%). Twenty-five @entity1 (38%) had @entity5 mass in addition to massive @entity236 ; 11 @entity1 (17%) had @entity6220 at diagnosis. Sixty-two @entity1 obtained complete morphological remission of which 13 suffered a relapse, including 3 with initial CNS involvement. Ten-year overall survival and event-free survival were 77% and 75%, respectively. Neither relevant long-term @entity137 nor second @entity5 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The AIEOP-8805 confirmed that short high-dose chemotherapy is highly effective for the treatment of @entity8625 without significant long-term adverse sequelae. Therapy modifications to reduce relapse rate, such as the use of anti- @entity2225 monoclonal antibody and more effective CNS treatment, are being tested.

title: Long-term results of AIEOP-8805 protocol for XXXX of childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ['Burkitt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8625 :: ('MESH:D015456', 'Disease') :: ['BACKGROUND: Acute B-cell leukemia', 'B-ALL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow infiltration']

answer: @entity8625 :: (MESH:D015456,Disease) :: ['acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia']