abstract: PURPOSE: To present results of @entity231 surgery combined with @entity6716 ring implantation in @entity1  with @entity16392 ( @entity16392 ) in terms of vision, refraction, eye movements, and subjective @entity3917 and glare. SETTING: Anterior segment services of Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DESIGN: Consecutive clinical case series study. METHODS: Enrolled @entity1 underwent phacoemulsification and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC IOL) implantation and had 2 Morcher @entity6716 rings (types 50 F or 50 E) inserted intracapsularly. Preoperative and postoperative examinations included tests for visual acuity, manifest refraction, measurement of ocular alignment, and electronystagmography. After surgery, @entity1 also completed a questionnaire to subjectively assess glare reduction. RESULTS: Twelve eyes of 6 @entity16392 @entity1 were included. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. None of the @entity1 had any @entity260 . In addition to improved uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and significant reduction of @entity2516 , all @entity1 had a marked @entity353 and @entity3917 after surgery. CONCLUSION: Iris ring implantation during @entity231 surgery was an effective procedure for increasing vision and reducing @entity717 in @entity1 with @entity16392 . In light of the results and @entity1 ' expressed satisfaction, a study should be performed to assess the outcomes of refractive lens exchange along with implantation of a PC IOL and prosthetic iris device in @entity16392 @entity1 seeking refractive correction.

title: Combined @entity231 surgery and XXXX ring implantation in  @entity16392 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of glare']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive error']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity16392 :: ('MESH:D016115', 'Disease') :: ['OCA', 'oculocutaneous albinism']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['glare disability']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity6716 :: (MESH:D015783,Disease) :: ['aniridia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) exhibiting skewed X chromosome inactivation (XCI) have been reported. The copy number variations (CNVs), loss of heterozygosity (LOH), or single- @entity4334 variant (SNV) events in those epigenetically distinct cells remain unknown, and whether such genetic abnormalities will influence the XCI status of hESCs is unclear. In this study, three hESCs with skewed XCI, three with random XCI, and two male hESC lines at different passages were analyzed for CNVs and LOH levels using a high-resolution genotyping microarray. Whole-exome sequencing was used to investigate the potentially damaging SNVs. On average, 17.6 CNVs and 5.3 cases of LOH were identified in the skewed hESCs, which were similar to the rates observed in random hESCs. Five recurrent @entity471 regions were uniquely identified in the skewed hESCs, but all of them were considered polymorphisms. With the exception of a nongenic @entity471 , no additional CNVs were detected on the X chromosome in the skewed hESCs. Although the XCI status in two hESC lines was observed to be changed from random to skewed, no significant @entity471 difference was identified before and after the XCI change. SNV analysis indicated that normal alleles are maintained for most genes within copy-neutral LOH regions. Three types of expression patterns were observed in heterozygous alleles, and the damaging SNVs in skewed hESCs favored the expression of the wild-type alleles. In conclusion, in the present study, we did not find genetic differences in the @entity471 and LOH levels between hESCs with and without skewed XCI. Wild-type allele expression in the presence of damaging SNVs on the X chromosome in skewed hESCs might alleviate adverse effects in those hESCs.

title: Genetic Evaluation of Copy Number Variations, Loss of Heterozygosity, and Single-Nucleotide Variant Levels in XXXX Embryonic Stem Cells With or Without Skewed X Chromosome Inactivation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9238 is a common nosocomial microorganism and its @entity2893 's resistance has increased. The management of these cases is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated 16 @entity1 with KPC-producing @entity9238 infections, detailing the site of infection, therapy, clinical and epidemiological data. METHODS: A retrospective and descriptive study. Clinical data were revised and KPC-2 detection was by molecular methods. Risk factors associated with mortality were compared using appropriate tests according to variable type with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality rate was 37.5% with no association with inadequate treatment. Age (p=0.004) and Charlson score of comorbidities (p=0.048) were independent risk factors associated with @entity204 in the multivariate analysis. The odds ratio for age >43 years was 3.00 (95% CI: 1.02-9.32) and for Charlson score >3 was 2.00 (95% CI: 1.08-3.71). Five strains were pan-resistant based on automated susceptibility tests. All @entity1 were treated with monotherapy. CONCLUSION: The clinician should be alert to @entity2893 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection in older @entity1 with comorbidities. The mortality is high and we believe that prompt and adequate therapy must be employed.

title: KPC-producing XXXX infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity9238 :: ('548', 'Species') :: ['Enterobacter', 'Enterobacter aerogenes']

answer: @entity9238 :: (548,Species) :: ['Enterobacter aerogenes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessing driving aptitude in @entity303 @entity1 is critically important for both @entity1 and public safety. However, there have been only a few reports on the driving behaviours and accident risk of @entity1 with @entity303 , especially @entity747 ( @entity747 ). Therefore, we compared the characteristics of driving behaviours in @entity1 with @entity747 and those with @entity195 ( @entity195 ). METHODS: The subjects were 28 @entity747 and 67 @entity195 @entity1 who visited the Department of Psychiatry, Kochi Medical School Hospital. We conducted semi-structured interviews with their families and caregivers about traffic accident history and changes in @entity1 driving behaviours after @entity303 onset and then compared the findings between the two groups. RESULTS: Overall changes in driving behaviours were reported in 89% (25/28) and 76% (51/67) of the @entity747 and @entity195 @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.17). In the @entity747 group, difficulty in judging inter-vehicle distances, ignoring road signs and traffic signals, and distraction were reported in 50% (14/28), 61% (17/28), and 50% (14/28) of @entity1 , respectively, and 75% (21/28) @entity1 had caused a traffic accident after @entity303 onset. The risk of causing an accident was higher in the @entity747 group than in the @entity195 group (odds ratio = 10.4, 95% confidence interval = 3.7-29.1). In addition, the mean duration between @entity303 onset and a traffic accident was 1.35 years in the @entity747 group compared with 3.0 years in the @entity195 group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity747 were more likely to show dangerous driving behaviours than those with @entity195 , and the risk of causing a traffic accident may be higher in @entity1 with @entity747 from an @entity66 stage.

title: Comparing the driving behaviours of individuals with @entity747 and those with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity747 :: ('MESH:D057174', 'Disease') :: ['frontotemporal lobar degeneration', 'FTLD']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nonsedating H(1)-antihistamines are recommended for the treatment of @entity110 by the recent EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EDF guidelines. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, after 4 weeks of treatment, with @entity14294 5 mg and @entity14295 5 mg, both once daily in the morning, in symptomatic @entity14687 ( @entity14687 ) @entity1 . METHODS: This multi-center, randomized, double-blind study involved 886 @entity1 (438 on @entity14294 and 448 on @entity14295 ). The primary objective was to compare their efficacy on the mean @entity111 severity score after 1 week of treatment. Mean @entity111 severity score over 4 weeks and @entity111 duration score, number and size of wheals, mean @entity14687 composite score (sum of the scores for @entity111 severity and numbers of wheals), quality of life, and the @entity1 's and investigator's global satisfaction with treatment, were secondary efficacy measures. RESULTS: @entity14294 led to a significantly greater decrease in @entity111 severity than @entity14295 over the first treatment week; mean @entity111 severity scores of 1.02 and 1.18 for @entity14294 and @entity14295 , respectively (P < 0.001). The result was similar for the entire 4-week treatment period (P = 0.004). In addition, @entity14294 decreased @entity111 duration and the mean @entity14687 composite scores to a significantly greater extent than @entity14295 during the first week (P = 0.002 and 0.005, respectively) and over the entire study (P = 0.009 and P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, @entity14294 increased the @entity1 ' global satisfaction after one and 4 weeks (P = 0.012 and 0.021, respectively), compared with @entity14295 . Safety and tolerability were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14294 5 mg was significantly more efficacious than @entity14295 5 mg in the treatment of @entity14687 symptoms.

title: Comparison of the efficacy of @entity14294 5 mg and XXXX 5 mg in @entity14687 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14294 :: ('MESH:C472067', 'Chemical') :: ['Levocetirizine', 'levocetirizine']

entities_list: @entity14687 :: ('MESH:D007566', 'Disease') :: ['chronic idiopathic urticaria', 'CIU']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity14295 :: ('MESH:C121345', 'Chemical') :: ['desloratadine']

answer: @entity14295 :: (MESH:C121345,Chemical) :: ['desloratadine']


abstract: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out comparing the efficacy of two treatment options for @entity497 ( @entity497 ): @entity23315 and @entity4581 . It was a retrospective analysis using a decision tree model. The efficacy of the two treatment options was estimated from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, in which 800 mg/day oral @entity23315 for 10 days was compared to 1000 mg/day oral @entity4581 for 10 days in @entity1 with @entity497 (162 and 156 respectively). The use of resources was estimated based on the clinical trial and Spanish sources, and the unit costs from a Spanish health costs database. Costs were evaluated for the acquisition of antibiotic treatments, change of antibiotic due to therapeutic failure, hospital admissions, adverse reactions to treatment, primary care visits, tests and indirect costs (working days lost). The model was validated by a panel of Spanish clinical experts. As the clinical trial was designed to show equivalence, there were no significant differences in efficacy between the treatment options (clinical cure rate 88.3% and 88.5%, respectively), and a cost minimization analysis was performed. In the base case, the average cost of the disease per @entity1 was 308.29 @entity7634 with @entity23315 and 331.5 @entity7634 with @entity4581 (a difference of 23.21 @entity7634 ). The results were stable in the susceptibility analysis, with differences favorable to @entity23315 ranging between 5.50 and 45.45 @entity7634 . @entity23315 results in a cost savings of up to 45.45 @entity7634 per @entity497 @entity1 compared to @entity4581 .

title: [Pharmacoeconomic analysis of XXXX treatment with @entity23315 or @entity4581 ].

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity23315 :: ('MESH:C106791', 'Chemical') :: ['Telithromycin', 'telithromycin']

answer: @entity497 :: (MESH:D003147,Disease) :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare contemporary results of @entity384 and surgery for @entity472 in @entity1 and @entity1 in the five years between August 1988 and October 1993. Thirty four @entity1 underwent attempted balloon valvuloplasty (age 1 day-16 years, weight 1720 g-68 kg) (group 1), eight of whom were neonates with critical @entity472 . During the same period, 17 @entity1 underwent direct surgical valvotomy (group 2) (seven neonates). @entity661 was achieved in 33 (97%) with immediate reduction in the instantaneous systolic pressure gradient from 82 to 34 mm Hg (mean). There were two deaths in this group (both neonates), the second in a preterm neonate from @entity1964 . Complications requiring intervention in group 1 were @entity337 in one and femoral @entity1317 in two. Follow up from four months to five years showed sustained results in most cases. There were two neonatal deaths in the surgical group. When the two groups were compared there was no significant difference in mortality, morbidity, or need for reintervention within 12 months. Deaths from both groups were attributed to small left ventricles. Hospital stay was significantly shorter in group 1. It is concluded that @entity384 for @entity472 is effective and safe for the entire paediatric population. The results compare favourably with those of surgery.

title: Contemporary results of balloon valvuloplasty and surgical valvotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Successful balloon valvuloplasty']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['artery injury']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['valvar aortic stenosis', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1964 :: ('MESH:D004760', 'Disease') :: ['necrotising enterocolitis']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['congenital aortic stenosis']


abstract: We report a case of a 31 year-old @entity1 who in 1991 presented a clinical history of @entity10 , @entity390 and @entity391 . CT scan showed a right frontotemporal @entity1653 . The first operation achieved a macroscopically complete resection. The @entity5 was histologically classified as a transitional @entity1653 . There were recurrences of the @entity1653 in 1994, 1996, 1997 and 1998. These recurrences were accompanied by differentiation to atypical and @entity1653 . In all of these operations, a macroscopically complete resection of the @entity5 was performed. In 1996 adjuvant radiation therapy was given. In 1998 therapy with @entity2847 was adopted. In April 1999, the @entity1 presented with @entity158 associated with L5 bilateral sciatica. MRI showed a @entity2287 enhancing mass lesion at L5-S1 level. Complete @entity5 resection was performed. The histological findings were the same as in 1998. In December 1999 the @entity1 presented with perineal @entity158 and MRI showed a L4 and S3 recurrence and the @entity5 was resected. The histological findings were those of a @entity5 . In February 2000 an intracranial recurrence was detected and operated on. The histological diagnosis was @entity5 . A review of the literature was undertake and is discussed.

title: Recurrent lumbosacral metastases from XXXX . Report of a case and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant meningioma', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic meningioma', 'intracranial meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'lumbosacral pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity888 ( @entity7865 ) is a psychostimulant and drug of abuse, commonly used early in life, including in childhood and adolescence. Adverse effects include @entity716 , @entity148 and @entity1316 , as well as increased risk of developing a @entity146 later in life. The current study investigated the long-term effects of chronic @entity7865 exposure during pre-adolescence in stress-sensitive Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) @entity35 (genetic model of @entity308 ) and control Flinders Resistant Line (FRL) @entity35 . @entity7865 or vehicle control was administered twice daily from post-natal day 19 (PostND19) to PostND34, followed by behavioural testing at either PostND35 (early effects) or long-lasting after withdrawal at PostND60 (early adulthood). Animals were evaluated for @entity308 -like behaviour, locomotor activity, social interaction and object recognition memory. @entity7865 reduced @entity308 -like behaviour in both FSL and FRL @entity35 at PostND35, but enhanced this behaviour at PostND60. @entity7865 also reduced locomotor activity on PostND35 in both FSL and FRL @entity35 , but without effect at PostND60. Furthermore, @entity7865 significantly lowered social interaction behaviour (staying together) in both FRL and FSL @entity35 at PostND35 and PostND60, whereas self-grooming time was significantly reduced only at PostND35. @entity7865 treatment enhanced exploration of the familiar vs. novel object in the novel object recognition test (nORT) in FSL and FRL @entity35 on PostND35 and PostND60, indicative of reduced cognitive performance. Thus, early-life @entity7865 exposure induce @entity73 . Lastly, early-life exposure to @entity7865 may result in acute antidepressant-like effects immediately after chronic exposure, whereas long-term effects after withdrawal are depressogenic. Data also supports a role for genetic predisposition as with FSL @entity35 .

title: The long-term effects of @entity888 exposure during pre-adolescence on @entity308 -like behaviour in a genetic animal model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['Methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['social and cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Tissue specimen collection represents a cornerstone in diagnosis of proximal biliary tract malignancies offering great specificity, but only limited sensitivity. To improve the @entity5 detection rate, we developed a new method of forceps biopsy and compared it prospectively with endoscopic transpapillary brush cytology. @entity1 AND METHODS: 43 @entity1 with proximal biliary stenoses, which were suspect for @entity5 , undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were prospectively recruited and subjected to both biopsy [using a double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) forceps under a guidance of a pusher and guiding catheter with guidewire] and transpapillary brush cytology. The cytological/histological findings were compared with the final clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: 35 out of 43 @entity1 had a malignant disease (33 cholangiocarcinomas, 1 @entity157 , 1 @entity1086 ). The sensitivity of cytology and biopsy in these @entity1 was 49 and 69%, respectively. The method with DBE forceps allowed a pinpoint biopsy of the biliary stenoses. Both methods had 100% specificity, and, when combined, 80% of malignant processes were detected. All @entity1 with non-malignant conditions were correctly assigned by both methods. No clinically relevant complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of forceps biopsy and transpapillary brush cytology is safe and offers superior detection rates compared to both methods alone, and therefore represents a promising approach in evaluation of proximal biliary tract processes.

title: A novel method of forceps biopsy improves the diagnosis of proximal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early utilisation of neuraxial anaesthesia has been recommended to reduce the need for general anaesthesia in @entity28 parturients. The insertion and management of labour epidurals in @entity28 @entity1 is not straight-forward. The aim of this pilot study was to compare the failure rate of extension of epidural analgesia for emergency caesarean section, in pregnant @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI)   >=    40  kg/m(2), to those with a BMI   <   30  kg/m(2). The results will be used to calculate the sample size of a planned prospective study. METHODS: In this retrospective, (1:1) case-control pilot study, @entity28 subjects and control subjects were selected from the obstetric database, if they delivered between January 2007 and December 2011. All subjects used epidural analgesia during labour and subsequently required anaesthesia for Category 1 or 2 Caesarean Section. Data was extracted from the @entity1 medical record. Failure to extend was analysed using liberal and restrictive definitions. Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests were used to detect differences between groups. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine variables predictive of extension failure. RESULTS: There were 63 subjects in each group. The mean BMI of the @entity28 group was 45.4 (5.8) kg/m(2) and 23.9 (3.0) kg/m(2) in the control group. The odds ratio for failure to extend the existing epidural blockade (liberal definition) was 2.48 (95  % CI:1.02 - 6.03) for the @entity28 group compared with the control group (adjusted for age, parity and gestation). Using the restrictive definition, the odds ratio for failure in the @entity28 group was 6.78 (95  % CI:1.43 - 32.2). The combination of respiratory co-morbidity and gestational @entity6 significantly predicted extension failure. Surgical time and epidural complications on labour ward were significantly greater in the @entity28 group. CONCLUSIONS: In this small retrospective cohort, @entity1 with a BMI   >=    40  kg/m(2) were significantly more likely to fail epidural extension for caesarean section. The presence of respiratory co-morbidity and gestational @entity6 were significant predictors of extension failure; their clinical relevance requires further evaluation.

title: What is the failure rate in extending labour analgesia in XXXX with a body mass index   >=    40  kg/m(2)compared with @entity1 with a body mass index   <   30  kg/m(2)? a retrospective pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the clinical relevance of nocebo effects, few studies have addressed their underlying neural mechanisms in clinically-relevant @entity158 models. We aimed to address the contribution of nocebo effects and their underlying neural circuitry to central @entity158 , as it may develop over repeated @entity158 experiences due to negative @entity158 -related expectations. Healthy volunteers received verbal suggestions of @entity158 sensitization (nocebo group, N=28) or neutral instructions (control group, N=16). fMRI was used to investigate changes in neural responses during cued @entity158 anticipation and @entity158 delivered in successive fMRI sessions. @entity158 intensity was rated trial-by-trial, and expected @entity158 intensity, state @entity148 and @entity2701 were assessed prior to each session. Behavioral analyses demonstrated significantly greater increases in both expected and perceived @entity158 in the nocebo group. The fMRI analysis performed on nocebo-responders only (N=14) revealed that these behavioral changes were associated with increased activation within the secondary somatosensory cortex and amygdala during @entity158 and amygdala during @entity158 stimulation when compared to controls. A subsequent psycho-physiological interaction analysis of the @entity158 phase showed increased functional connectivity between the anterior insula, which was set-up as seed region based on group results, and midcingulate cortex as a function of negative expectations. These findings support that negative @entity158 -related expectations can play a crucial role in @entity158 amplification of @entity3825 , which is mediated, at least in part, by a neural up-regulation of @entity158 and their connectivity. These findings may have implications for the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic @entity490 .

title: Neural underpinnings of nocebo hyperalgesia in XXXX : A fMRI study in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful rectal distensions', 'pain amplification in visceral pain', 'pain-associated areas', 'Pain', 'pain', 'pain anticipation and within the thalamus, insula', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity3825 :: (MESH:D059265,Disease) :: ['visceral pain']


abstract: We analysed 6549 @entity5883 treated between 1992 and 2005 at a specialist hospital in @entity233 to identify risk factors for amputations. There were 2899 (44%) hand amputations. @entity130 were more prone to amputation. The risk of amputation was higher in @entity1 , workers and those in the 15-24 and 45-54 year-old age groups. Compared to home, commercial areas were the places with highest risk, followed by farms and industrial/construction areas. The majority of amputations occurred in industrial/construction areas (87%). Among objects/substances producing injury, watercraft led to the highest risk of amputation and contact with machinery was the mechanism with highest risk. Press machines were the most frequent objects causing amputation both in @entity1 and @entity1 , followed almost equally by powered wood cutters in @entity1 . Doors were the most frequent objects of amputation in @entity1 , followed by powered wood cutters. Education, enforcement, and improved engineering are the keys to prevent amputations. Precluding illegal @entity1 labour is essential.

title: What kinds of XXXX are more likely to result in amputation? An analysis of 6549 @entity5883 .

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Left-side injuries']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5883 :: ('MESH:D006230', 'Disease') :: ['hand injuries']

answer: @entity5883 :: (MESH:D006230,Disease) :: ['hand injuries']


abstract: Cigarette smoking has been inconsistently associated with @entity694 risk. To evaluate the hypothesis that smoking is primarily linked to a specific @entity694 subgroup(s), we assessed associations between smoking and the occurrence of mutations in the @entity1412 , @entity984 and @entity876 genes, @entity876 overexpression, and @entity124 ( @entity124 ) in a Dutch population-based case-control study on sporadic @entity694 . The study population consisted of 176 cases and 249 controls. Smoking status (never, ever), number of cigarettes smoked per day (never, <15, > or =15), total years of smoking (never, < or =30, >30), and years since first started smoking (never, < or =35, >35) were all evaluated. Cigarette smoking status was significantly differently related to @entity876 overexpression-positive ( @entity876 (pos)) @entity5 compared with @entity876 overexpression-negative ( @entity876 (neg)) @entity5 ( @entity876 (pos) versus @entity876 (neg), OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9), as well as to @entity5 with transversion mutations in @entity1412 , @entity984 or @entity876 (transv(+)) compared with @entity5 without transversion mutations in one of these genes (transv(-)) (transv(+) versus transv(-), OR 2.5, 95% CI 1.0-5.9). Positive associations were observed with @entity876 (neg) @entity5 and transv(+) @entity5 when compared with the population-based controls (ever versus transv(-), OR 1.5, 95% CI 0.9-2.8 and OR 2.2, 95% CI 0.9-5.6, respectively), inverse associations with @entity876 (pos) @entity5 and transv(-) @entity5 (ever versus never, OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-1.0 and OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.5-1.3, respectively). Similar patterns of association were observed for the other smoking variables evaluated. In addition, although statistically non-significant, smoking was more notably positively associated with @entity5 that exhibit @entity984 mutations, especially @entity984 transversion mutations, than with @entity5 without @entity984 mutations. An inverse relationship between smoking and the occurrence of @entity1412 mutations was suggested, whereas no clear associations were observed with @entity124 . Our data suggest that smoking-related @entity694 develop through a @entity876 (neg) pathway and that smoking particularly results in @entity694 with transversion mutations.

title: Cigarette smoking and genetic alterations in sporadic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MSI', 'microsatellite instability']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon carcinomas', 'colon cancer', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinomas']


abstract: This randomized, comparative, phase-IIIb study conducted in France aimed to demonstrate whether seroprotection against @entity7394 , @entity116 and @entity3328 1 month after a single dose of REVAXIS (low-dose @entity7394 ) is non-inferior to seroprotection 1 month after a single dose of DT Polio (standard-dose @entity7394 ), both vaccines being given as a second booster to healthy @entity1 at 6 years of age. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive a single intramuscular dose of REVAXIS or DT Polio. Primary endpoints were the 1-month post-booster seroprotection rates for @entity7394 , @entity116 and @entity9925 type-1, -2 and -3 antigens. Secondary endpoints were immunogenicity and safety observations. Of 788 @entity1 screened, 760 were randomized: REVAXIS group, 384 @entity1 ; DT Polio group, 376 @entity1 . No relevant difference in demographic characteristics at baseline was observed between REVAXIS and DT Polio groups. Non-inferiority of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio for seroprotection was demonstrated against @entity7394 (respectively 98.6% and 99.3%), @entity116 (respectively 99.6% and 100%), and poliovirus antigens (100% for each types in both groups). No @entity56 to REVAXIS were reported. A benefit/risk ratio in favor of REVAXIS was suggested by the trend towards a better tolerability of REVAXIS compared with DT Polio regarding the rate of severe solicited injection-site reactions. The results support the use of REVAXIS as a booster at 6 years of age in @entity1 who previously received a three-dose primary series within the first 6 months of life and a first booster including @entity7394 , @entity116 and @entity9925 vaccine(s) given before 2 years of age.

title: Immunogenicity and safety of combined adsorbed low-dose @entity7394 , @entity116 and inactivated XXXX vaccine (REVAXIS (  )) versus combined @entity7394 , @entity116 and inactivated @entity9925 vaccine (DT Polio (  )) given as a booster dose at 6 years of age.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity7394 :: ('MESH:D004165', 'Disease') :: ['diphtheria']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1791 is a common disease with multiple etiologies and risk factors. Studies suggest an increased incidence in developed nations in recent decades as well as differential geographic incidence and prevalence rates, and differences between the genders. We updated @entity1791 epidemiological data by examining the incidence and prevalence rates in a stable rural Wisconsin population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were obtained from the Marshfield Epidemiologic Study Area database, a surveillance tool created in 1991 to track disease in residents of an area of 24 ZIP Codes including approximately 85,000 individuals, of whom most receive care at Marshfield Clinic and affiliates. @entity1791 cases were identified using ICD-9 codes. Incidence, prevalence and recurrence rates were determined. RESULTS: The mean age adjusted incidence of new onset @entity1791 per 100,000 @entity1 -years was 202 (95% CL 168-235) in 1992 and 289 (95% CL 253-325) in 2008. In @entity1 the increase per 100,000 @entity1 -years was higher than in @entity1 , that is 171 (95% CL 129-213) and 289 (95% CL 238-340) vs 238 (95% CL 184-290) and 296 (95% CL 244-348), respectively. The male-to-female incidence ratio decreased from 1.4 to 1.0. The age adjusted prevalence per 100,000 individuals was 1,968 (2%) and 3,554 (3.5%) in 1992 and 2008, respectively. The increase in @entity1 was higher than in @entity1 (52% vs 26%). The age adjusted recurrence rate per 100,000 individuals was 553 (0.72%) and 676 (1.0%) in 1992 and 2008, respectively. The increase in @entity1 was higher than in @entity1 (88% vs 20%). CONCLUSIONS: Since 1992, @entity1791 incidence, prevalence and recurrence rates in this rural Wisconsin population have increased with higher increases noted in @entity1 . While prevalence increased, it was lower than reported in other geographic areas in the United States.

title: XXXX in a rural Wisconsin population from 1992 to 2008: narrowing of the male-to-female ratio.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis', 'Urolithiasis']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['Urolithiasis']


abstract: We report the first double-blind, placebo-controlled study that assesses the efficacy and safety of @entity4546 20 mg daily in the maintenance treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . For the healing phase, 128 @entity1 with endoscopically proven active duodenal @entity1066 and a history of three or more relapses during the 2 years prior to the study were treated until healing with @entity4546 40 mg daily for 2 and up to 8 weeks. One hundred and twenty-three @entity1 whose @entity1066 were healed were randomized to receive @entity4546 20 mg daily (n = 60) or placebo (n = 63) for 12 months as maintenance treatment. @entity1 were interviewed at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, and endoscopy was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months and whenever symptoms recurred. The healing rates of the 124 @entity1 completing the healing phase were 84, 98 and 100% at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. During the maintenance phase, eight and four @entity1 discontinued treatment from the @entity4546 and placebo groups, respectively. The proportion of @entity1 in remission in the @entity4546 group and placebo group after 12 months were 94 and 9% respectively (life table estimates, P < 0.0001). No significant clinical or laboratory changes were observed in @entity1 on therapy with @entity4546 . @entity1 with a history of frequent relapses thus continued to have a very high relapse rate without prophylactic treatment. @entity4546 20 mg daily was effective and safe in maintaining such @entity1 in remission.

title: Prevention of duodenal @entity1066 relapse with XXXX 20 mg daily: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: @entity5015 ( @entity5015 ) has been generally given only by intravascular injection. Recently, an oral @entity5015 named @entity72627 has been developed. @entity72627 is a potent inhibitor of @entity1423 as well as a strong vasodilator, and its half-life in @entity1 is extremely prolonged because it is not metabolized in the lungs. Leg ulceration is one of the cutaneous manifestations in Beh  et's disease and sometimes is very difficult to treat. In this investigation five @entity1 having Beh  et's disease with leg @entity1066 were treated with @entity72627 . All of the @entity1 had the leg @entity1066 for more than 2 months. Fifteen micrograms of @entity72627 was given initially, and the dosage was increased to 30 micrograms whenever there were no adverse effects. All the @entity1 were soon able to tolerate the drug and increased dosage. Within 2 weeks, regeneration of granulomatous tissues was observed in all cases. Furthermore, the leg @entity1066 healed within one year. Only one @entity1 developed @entity294 , but this symptom disappeared when he adjusted to the dosage. The findings strongly indicate that @entity72627 is a safe and promising drug for the treatment of leg @entity1066 in Beh  et's disease.

title: Oral @entity5015 as a therapeutic modality for leg XXXX in Beh  et's disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostaglandin E1', 'PGE1']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: Neurophysiological studies of major @entity308 performed using PET imaging have shown abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and @entity413 metabolism in multiple prefrontal cortical and limbic structures that have been more generally implicated in emotional processing. The current study investigated the effects of antidepressant drug treatment in these regions using PET measures of @entity413 metabolism. Subjects with primary @entity4696 (n=27) were imaged while unmedicated and @entity308 , and, of these, 20 were rescanned following chronic antidepressant drug treatment. Regional metabolism was compared between unmedicated @entity308 and controls and between the pre- and post-treatment conditions in regions-of-interest (ROI) where metabolism or flow had previously been shown to be abnormal in unmedicated @entity308 . At baseline, the mean metabolism was increased in the left and right lateral orbital cortex/ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), left amygdala, and posterior cingulate cortex, and decreased in the subgenual ACC and dorsal medial/dorsal anterolateral PFC in the unmedicated @entity308 relative to controls, consistent with the results of previous studies. Following treatment, metabolism significantly decreased in the left amygdala and left subgenual ACC, and corresponding changes in the orbital and posterior cingulate cortices approached significance. The metabolic reduction in the amygdala and right subgenual ACC appeared largely limited to those subjects who both responded to treatment and remained well at 6 months follow-up, in whom the reduction in amygdala metabolism tightly correlated with the reduction in @entity3831 scores. The magnitude of the treatment-associated, metabolic change in the amygdala also correlated positively with the change in the stressed plasma @entity701 levels measured during scanning. These data converge with those from other PET studies to indicate that primary @entity4696 is associated with abnormal metabolism in limbic and paralimbic structures of the mesiotemporal and prefrontal cortices. Chronic antidepressant drug treatment reduces metabolism in the amygdala and ventral ACC in subjects showing a persistent, positive treatment response. In contrast, the persistence of the abnormal metabolic deficits in the dorsomedial/dorsal anterolateral PFC in @entity4696 during treatment may conceivably relate to the histopathological changes reported in these regions in post mortem studies of @entity4696 .

title: Functional anatomical correlates of antidepressant drug treatment assessed using PET measures of regional XXXX metabolism.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressives', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) is characterized by a minimum of two of three features: @entity400 , @entity2003 , and @entity2845 . Asymmetry of these features is often considered to support a diagnosis of @entity191 in contrast to other @entity191 . All major manifestations of @entity191 are often more pronounced on the side first manifesting features of @entity191 . Significant dissociation of features on the contralateral side, along with other variants of presentation involving the contralateral side, are rarely observed. To determine the frequency and significance of unusual asymmetry in @entity304 , we retrospectively examined 613 @entity1 clinically diagnosed as idiopathic @entity191 for presence of unusual asymmetries of clinical features. Three groups of @entity1 with unusual asymmetrical clinical findings were identified. Group 1 comprised 10 @entity1 followed for an average of 6 years presenting with rest @entity400 most prominent in one lower limb and contralateral upper limb. Group 2 comprised 24 @entity1 followed for an average of 5.5 years with action @entity400 most prominent on the side contralateral to the side of most prominent rest @entity400 . Group 3 comprised 33 @entity1 followed for an average of 10 years who had @entity191 signs of greatest severity on one side but subsequently, over an average of 5.4 years, became gradually more prominent on the opposite side. In Group 3, 15 of 33 @entity1 (45%) demonstrated evolution to a rigid form of @entity304 with disappearance of rest @entity400 over an average of 7.1 years after presentation. A small percentage (11%) of @entity191 @entity1 in our clinic demonstrated anomalous asymmetrical clinical findings, which indicates that (1) the disease process may begin in different topographic sites on each side; (2) rest @entity400 and action @entity400 may have different anatomical bases; (3) the disease process may progress at different rates on different sides; and (4) @entity400 becomes less pronounced with progression of disease in some @entity1 with @entity304 .

title: Anomalies of asymmetry of clinical signs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsonism', 'parkinsonism']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian syndromes', "Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian', "Parkinson's", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: @entity3473 ( @entity3473 ), an invagination of a portion of the intestine into itself, has recently attracted considerable interest after the withdrawal of a rotavirus vaccine because of reports on increased risk of @entity3473 shortly after vaccination. The present study was designed to shed further light on the mechanism of @entity3473 formation and its prevention. @entity3473 was induced in adult @entity19 by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 8 mg/kg) from @entity2491 . The presence of @entity3473 was confirmed at laparotomy. The serum levels @entity637 were measured with ELISA. Six hours after LPS injection, 14.5% of the animals demonstrated @entity3473 . A total of 65 animals received @entity13586 (20 mg/kg), a selective @entity10178 inhibitor, 15-30 min before intraperitoneal injection of LPS, and only two (3%) in this group demonstrated @entity3473 6 h later (P < 0.05 vs. control). We confirmed the well-known increase in serum @entity637 levels in response to LPS; however, this increase was not blocked by @entity13586 pretreatment. Notably, there was no correlation between the serum @entity637 levels and the development of @entity3473 . The results show that the occurrence of @entity3473 can be significantly decreased by pretreatment with a selective @entity10178 inhibitor.

title: Prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced intussusception in @entity19 by the @entity10178 inhibitor XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['salmonella typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'Intussusception']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: @entity11224 containing structures in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity35 were visualized by an immunocytochemical method using @entity3584 fixation and an antiserum developed against a @entity11224 - @entity3584 -protein conjugate. Labelled elements (perikarya and cell processes) were observed to be distributed throughout the layers of the cerebral cortex in a pattern similar to that described using @entity2227 decarboxylase immunocytochemistry. The morphological features of many immunoreactive cell bodies were typical of stellate neurons. In the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje, basket, Golgi and stellate, cell bodies were found to be immunoreactive along with numerous labelled neuronal processes. At the ultrastructural level, the labelled processes in both areas corresponded to immunoreactive dendrites and fibres. Labelled synaptic boutons, generally of the symmetrical type, could also be seen in contact with positive or negative cell bodies and dendrites. In the cerebellum, glomeruli could be clearly identified including mossy fibres surrounded by unlabelled dendrites in contact with immunoreactive terminals. At the subcellular level in both brain regions, the areas occupied by the Golgi apparatus were never labelled, although the nuclei had varied reactions. The strong @entity3584 fixation that limits the diffusion of @entity11224 limits also antibody diffusion. However, this fixation is compatible with a good morphological preservation and should enable immunocytochemistry studies to be compared to other methods such as autoradiography.

title: Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry of XXXX in the cerebral and cerebellar cortex of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity11224 :: ('CHEBI:30566', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-aminobutyrate', 'gamma-Aminobutyrate']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

answer: @entity11224 :: (CHEBI:30566,Chemical) :: ['gamma-aminobutyrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The presence of lipid in the upper gut is able to modify gastrointestinal motor performance, but its influence on the relaxation of the @entity1 stomach, which is known to modify gastric emptying, remains incompletely understood. The relaxation of the proximal stomach in response to various lipid concentrations was therefore studied in healthy volunteers. Since the observed effects could be mediated through osmolality or energy sensitive pathways, the effects of equicaloric and equiosmolar non-lipid solutions were also determined. METHODS: The tone of the proximal stomach was measured during stepwise inflation of a non-compliant bag sited in the proximal stomach, both before and after a test meal was delivered intragastrically. Iso-osmolar lipid emulsions were diluted in iso-osmolar saline at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%. @entity1219 solutions at osmolalities of 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mmol/kg and @entity413 solutions of 836 and 3344 kJ/l were also given. RESULTS: All lipid meals of 2.5% or greater concentration induced a reduction in gastric tone in a non-dose-dependent manner, responses to 5% lipid (median (range) 74 (62-92)%) being similar to those to 20% lipid (80 (55-83)%; p > 0.05). No relaxation was elicited by isocaloric @entity413 . @entity1219 only consistently caused relaxation at 2400 mmol/kg. CONCLUSION: Lipid meals reduce @entity1 proximal gastric tone by a lipid specific mechanism, independently of their energy content or osmolality.

title: Evidence for a lipid specific effect in nutrient induced XXXX proximal gastric relaxation.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Immunosuppression can be discontinued from selected and stable @entity1 after liver transplantation resulting in spontaneous operational tolerance (SOT), although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Thus we analyzed serial liver biopsies from adult liver recipients enrolled in a prospective multi-center immunosuppression withdrawal trial employing immunophenotyping and transcriptional profiling. Liver samples were collected before the initiation of weaning, at time of rejection, or 1 and 3 years after complete drug discontinuation. Unexpectedly the tolerated grafts developed portal tract expansion with increased T cell infiltration after immunosuppression withdrawal. This was associated with transient and preferential accumulation of @entity404 (+) @entity403 (+) cells and a trend towards up-regulation of immune activation and regulatory genes, without signs of rejection. At the same time no markers of endothelial damage or activation were noted. Portal infiltrates persisted at 3 year, but were characterized by decreased expression of genes associated with @entity1200 . Furthermore SOT was not associated with a progressive @entity1575 up to five years. These data suggest that SOT involves several mechanisms: a long-lasting local immune cell persistence with a transient regulatory T cells accumulation followed by a down-regulation of immune activated genes over years. These results have important implications for designs and follow-up of weaning trials. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Hepatic infiltrates in operational tolerant XXXX after liver transplantation show enrichment of regulatory T cells before proinflammatory genes are down-regulated.

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['chronic immunological damage']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The Number is a standard parameter of the @entity9999 that reportedly distinguishes normal and @entity735 . The authors evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the Number and examined whether expert clinical judgment of @entity9999 printouts leads to a better separation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two experienced observers judged 800 @entity9999 scans on 400 randomly presented printouts from 200 @entity726 @entity1 and 200 age-matched normal subjects. The diagnosis was based on the symmetry analysis printout and was per @entity1 rather than per eye. The observers assessed sensitivity for all @entity726 @entity1 together, and separately for mild, moderate, and severe @entity726 . Their specificity was determined in the group of normal subjects. The same procedure was performed for the Number, at various critical values. RESULTS: Both observers discriminated better than the Number. At a critical value of 23, the specificity of the Number was 81.5%, which matched the lowest specificity of the 2 observers: 82.5% and 92.0% for observers 1 and 2, respectively. At these specificities, the sensitivity of the 2 observers and of the Number were 92.0%, 89.5%, and 85.5%, respectively. The sensitivity increased with the severity of @entity726 . The Kappa values for intraobserver agreement were 0.80 and 1.0. CONCLUSIONS: The Number yielded acceptable sensitivity and specificity values at a critical value of 23 in this test population. However, the clinical judgments of the printouts by both expert observers resulted in a better separation between normal and @entity735 , particularly in the group with mild @entity726 .

title: Sensitivity and specificity of the XXXX : clinical judgment of standard printouts versus the number.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous eyes']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity9999 :: (8266,Gene) :: ['GDx']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined whether bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs) could induce antitumor immunity when a chemotherapeutic drug was added. METHODS: CT26 (a @entity19 @entity694 cell line syngeneic with BALB/c) and CT26-bearing @entity19 were treated with @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) intraperitoneally (i.p.). Next, @entity19 immunized with a coinjection of DCs and @entity1139 -treated CT26 (i.p.) were given an intradermal inoculation of CT26. Finally, CT26-bearing @entity19 were treated with @entity1139 (i.p.) with or without DCs, given peritumorally. RESULTS: Although the inoculated @entity5 was not rejected in the control @entity19 , CT26 was rejected in 50% of the @entity19 injected with @entity1139 alone. Apoptosis was observed in the @entity1139 -treated CT26 cells in vitro and in vivo. Immunization with DCs and apoptotic CT26 cells, but not with apoptotic CT26 alone, gave protection against @entity5 challenge in 7 of 13 @entity19 . A significantly higher level of cytotoxic T-cell activity and @entity60 production was seen in the protected @entity19 . When @entity1139 (i.p.) treatment was followed by peritumoral DC injection in the CT26-bearing @entity19 , remarkable therapeutic effects were observed. CONCLUSION: DCs can collaborate with chemotherapy-induced @entity5 cells and elicit improved antitumor immunity, probably through the acquisition of @entity5 -associated antigens from @entity5 cells.

title: Dendritic cells coinjected with @entity5 cells treated with an anticancer drug to induce XXXX rejection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['apoptotic tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Counselling was made a statutory requirement for clinics providing assisted reproduction services as a result of the concern raised that these treatments would raise uniquely challenging emotional and ethical problems for @entity1 . Before the @entity1 Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990, few counsellors specialized in this field and there were no standards for their training or experience. In the intervening years considerable progress has been made in these areas. The research evidence, which informs their practice concerning the impact of @entity249 and its treatment, has also grown very substantially. There is now a reasonable consensus about the broad nature of the emotional and psychological sequelae, although many unexplored questions remain. In addition, the literature providing evidence for the efficacy and effectiveness of counselling in other areas has developed in both quantity and sophistication. Counsellors are often well-placed to work with @entity1 groups and also with the multidisciplinary assisted conception team itself on the very difficult psychosocial and ethical issues faced in practice. The sophisticated research in these fields has not yet been done in the context of @entity249 ; it is therefore necessary to extrapolate from other fields, especially in mental health practice. This article will argue that there is now ample evidence to support the decisions made by legislators in requiring counselling to be available to @entity1 in assisted conception units. The @entity249 counselling profession is in a position to begin contributing to the generation of research relevant to this field.

title: Counselling--its role in the XXXX team.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed to older people have anticholinergic properties as adverse effects and are therefore potentially harmful. These effects typically include @entity1142 , @entity2133 , blurred vision, @entity1296 and slowing of urination. It has been shown that drugs with anticholinergic properties (DAPs) are associated with @entity73 and @entity303 , may contribute to events such as falls, @entity933 and @entity23 , are associated with self-reported adverse effects and @entity73 , and may even be associated with mortality. However, studies of the prognostic implications of DAPs remain scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of DAPs on hospitalization and mortality in older @entity1 with stable @entity65 ( @entity65 ). METHODS: This was a prospective study with a mean follow-up of 3.3 years involving two study groups: users (n   =   295) and non-users (n   =   105) of DAPs. The @entity1 were 400 community-dwelling older @entity1 (aged 75-90 years) with stable @entity65 participating in a secondary prevention study of @entity65 (DEBATE) in Helsinki, Finland. The use of DAPs was estimated using definitions from the previous scientific literature. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to estimate the burden of co-morbidity and the Mini-Mental State Examination test was used to assess cognitive function. The risks in the two study groups for hospital visits, number of days spent in hospital care and mortality were measured from 2000 to the end of 2003. RESULTS: The unadjusted follow-up mortality was 20.7% and 9.5% among the users and non-users of DAPs, respectively (p   =   0.010). However, the use of DAPs was not a significant predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex and CCI score (hazard ratio 1.57; 95% CI 0.78, 3.15). The mean        SD number of hospital days per @entity1 -year was higher in the DAP user group (14.9        32.5) than in the non-user group (5.2        12.3) [p   <   0.001]. In a bootstrap-type analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex and CCI score, the use of DAPs predicted the number of days spent in hospital (p   =   0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The use of DAPs in older @entity1 with stable @entity65 was associated with an increased number of hospital days but not with mortality.

title: Association of anticholinergic drugs with hospitalization and mortality among older cardiovascular XXXX : A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people', 'person']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity933 :: ('MESH:D003693', 'Disease') :: ['delirium']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The relative roles of supportive care and pharmacotherapy in the treatment of @entity167 withdrawal are not established. A reliable and validated withdrawal severity assessment scale (Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for @entity167 , CIWA-A) was developed to assess initially and then follow the clinical course of 38 hospitalized chronic alcoholics requiring hospitalization for withdrawal but without serious concurrent medical or surgical problems. Supportive care, consisting of standardized half-hourly @entity1 assessment (CIWA-A) and nursing care, was used as the initial treatment for all @entity1 . Twenty-eight (74%) @entity1 with clinical supportive care successes within 8 hours, 75% within 4 hours. Two responding @entity1 subsequently developed evidence of withdrawal at 48 hours ( @entity1833 ) and 72 hours ( @entity410 ). Ten @entity1 (26%) did not respond to supportive care and required drug therapy in addition. Responders to supportive care drink more by history and have less severe @entity409 than nonresponders. There are no other apparent predictors of the @entity1 who require drug therapy. Three quarters of hospitalized @entity1 , without serious medical complications, in @entity167 withdrawal respond to intensive supportive care. However, pharmacotherapy is essential for nonresponders and @entity1 with @entity1833 .

title: Development of optimal treatment tactics for XXXX withdrawal. I. Assessment and effectiveness of supportive care.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: In this study we investigated whether @entity4727 ( @entity4727 ) can produce relaxation of gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle as it has been reported to do for vascular and uterine smooth muscle. Muscle tissue preparations from @entity35 stomach, duodenum, ileum, or colon were mounted in a 37 degrees C tissue bath and perfused with oxygenated medium. Changes in isometric @entity2701 were recorded with a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. Decreases in either resting @entity2701 or agonist-induced @entity2701 (0.5-1.0 microM @entity934 or @entity5402 ) were observed within 1-2 min of @entity4727 addition and were reversible upon removal of the peptide. All GI regions tested were responsive to @entity4727 . Synthetic rPTH-(1-34) (0.1-100 nM) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of both fundic (ED50 = 5.2 nM) and colonic (ED50 = 2.5 nM) muscle strips. At 100 nM, a 90% decrease in fundic @entity2701 and a 70% decrease in colonic @entity2701 were seen. At 100 nM, bPTH-(1-34), but not bPTH-(7-34) or @entity35 calcitonin gene-related peptide, also was effective in relaxing fundic or colonic muscle. Similarly, in the fundic muscle, 500 nM bPTH-(3-34) alone was ineffective, but it inhibited the effect of 5 nM rPTH-(1-34) when both peptides were tested in combination. Likewise, 100 nM bPTH-(3-34) also inhibited the relaxation induced by 5, 10, or 100 nM bPTH-(1-34). The results show @entity4727 to be highly effective in nanomolar concentrations in causing relaxation of GI smooth muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relaxation of @entity35 gastrointestinal smooth muscle by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity4727 :: (24694(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To utilise an exposed/unexposed cohort strategy for mortality and @entity5 analyses across unselected and complete cohorts of @entity1 with @entity5442 ( @entity5442 ) resident in south-east Norway (denominator population 2.6 million), between 2003 and 2012. METHOD: @entity5442 cases were identified by comprehensive searches through @entity1 administrative databases followed by manual chart review. @entity6558 ( @entity6558 ) and @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) cases were classified by the Peter and Bohan and/or Targoff diagnostic criteria and @entity5589 ( @entity5589 ) by the European NeuroMuscular Centre (ENMC) criteria from 1997 and/or 2011. Every @entity1 was matched for sex, age and residential area with 15 unexposed/non- @entity5442 individuals drawn from the national population registry. RESULTS: Total mortality in the @entity5442 cohort was 27% (87/326). Standardized mortality rate (SMR) was higher in @entity6017 (2.6) than @entity6558 (2.4) and @entity5589 (1.7). @entity5442 -related causes of @entity204 were frequent (64%) and included @entity5 (all @entity5442 subsets), aspiration ( @entity5589 ), @entity358 ( @entity6558 / @entity6017 ) and infections ( @entity6558 / @entity6017 ). Multivariate analyses identified age at diagnosis ( @entity6558 and @entity5589 ), positive anti-SSA ( @entity6558 ), @entity5 ( @entity6017 ), and DLCO < 60% ( @entity6017 ) as independent mortality risk factors. @entity5 risk was increased in @entity6017 (standard incidence rate 2.0) and @entity6558 (SIR = 1.3), but not in @entity5589 (SIR = 0.9). @entity43 was more prevalent in @entity6017 than in the general population (8.3% vs 1.1%). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that mortality rates and @entity5 risk remain elevated in @entity6017 , and to a lesser degree also in @entity6558 . Mortality rate was also increased in @entity5589 , but some @entity204 appeared to be due to potentially preventable causes.

title: Survival and XXXX risk in an unselected and complete Norwegian @entity5442 cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['Ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic inflammatory myopathy', 'IIM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity5589 :: ('MESH:D018979', 'Disease') :: ['sIBM', 'sporadic inclusion body myositis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['Polymyositis', 'PM']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequency, anatomic characteristics, and associations of @entity358 in adult @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization after a Fontan operation. Additionally, the embryologic basis for the presence of venous collaterals is reviewed. METHODS: Cardiac catheterization data was reviewed for 66 adults with single ventricle physiology and a Fontan palliation. RESULTS: There were a total of 66 @entity1 that underwent catheterization between 2004 and 2014 at the Ahmanson/UCLA Adult @entity299 Center. There were 24 males and 42 females. @entity1211 were present in 38 @entity1 (58%), most commonly originating from the right brachiocephalic vein (35%), azygous vein (20%) and superior vena cava (13%). Trans-catheter interventional closure was performed in 27/38 (71%) of @entity1 with venous collaterals. At baseline these @entity1 had lower @entity26 saturation when compared to those not requiring intervention, 85.6%  6.1% vs 89.9%  5.4%, p<0.05. At 6months, the ambulatory systemic saturation improved from 85.6%  6.1% to 91.8%  6.4%, p<0.05. At two years follow-up, the ambulatory systemic saturation had decreased to 90.5%  4.1% (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In adults with single ventricle physiology and prior Fontan surgery, systemic venous collaterals are common and can be percutaneously occluded at minimal risk with resultant improvement in systemic @entity26 saturation on long term follow up. When evaluated from a developmental standpoint, 85% of collaterals are above the diaphragm and could be secondary to recanalization of the collateral veins, an embryological connection between systemic and pulmonary veins.

title: XXXX in adults with single ventricle physiology after cavopulmonary palliation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['systemic to pulmonary venous collaterals']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic venous to pulmonary venous collaterals']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['Systemic to pulmonary venous collaterals']


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between the end of an Oxford sleep resistance (OSLER) test session and a neurophysiological marker of sleep onset in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 . Single center study was conducted in @entity191 @entity1 with excessive @entity25 [ @entity25 scale (ESS) >9]. The OSLER test was conducted with a concomitant electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (mentalis), right and left electroculogram, and video monitoring. Neurophysiological (NP) sleep onset was defined according to AASM criteria (2005). Five @entity191 @entity1 with mean ESS of 14 (10-16) were included. OSLER test duration was shorter than 40   min in all @entity1 (mean duration 20   min and 39   s). No @entity1 fulfilled neurophysiological criteria to sleep onset at the time of OSLER test termination. In 13 OSLER sessions that ended before 40   min, eight had microsleeps in the last 30   s before the end of the test. NP monitoring showed signs of @entity25 in all @entity1 . In @entity191 @entity1 , the early termination of an OSLER test session may not correspond to NP criteria of sleep onset. However, in all @entity191 @entity1 with abnormal OSLER results, there were EEG signs of @entity25 , which do not exclude the potential utility of OSLER test to evaluate the risk of falling asleep.

title: End of OSLER Test Sessions in XXXX do not Correspond to True Sleep Onset: Results from an Exploratory Study.

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleepiness', 'daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed information is lacking on effectiveness of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) in @entity272 , side-effects, and duration of remission after discontinuation. OBJECTIVES: To determine effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission gained by use of @entity1500 in @entity272 . METHODS: All @entity1 with a @entity272 who were treated with @entity1500 (group A) or @entity1500 with @entity288 (CS) (group B) between 1995 and 2007 were evaluated. Detailed information was collected on dosage and duration of @entity1500 treatment, concomitant immunosuppressive medication and CS treatment, effectiveness, side-effects, duration of the remission period, and time until restart. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity1 (A, n = 47; B, n = 11) were evaluated. Clinical assessment revealed that 38 @entity1 (81%) treated with @entity1500 and 11 @entity1 (100%) treated with @entity1500 + CS showed improvement of @entity3808 skin. After one treatment course 51% of the @entity1 treated with @entity1500 and 73% treated with @entity1500 + CS reached remission status with a median follow-up time of 55 and 58 months. @entity1 showing relapse still responded to a second and even to a third course of @entity1500 . @entity1 who showed a relapse had received a lower cumulative dose, due to a shorter period of treatment with @entity1500 in the first course. Serious side-effects were seen in six @entity1 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1500 was an effective treatment for various @entity272 with a long period of remission and relatively low @entity137 . @entity1 showing relapse still responded to a second and third course of @entity1500 .

title: Effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission after treatment with @entity1499 in localized scleroderma and related XXXX : an inception cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3808 :: ('MESH:C538213', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic skin diseases', 'sclerotic skin disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['sclerotic skin diseases']


abstract: Base deficit has been established as a predictor of mortality and endpoint of resuscitation. We hypothesized that in a significant subset of surgical intensive care @entity1 , base deficit is secondary to @entity520 , and that these @entity1 experience lower mortality than those @entity1 whose base deficits are secondary to other causes. Seventy-five consecutive surgical intensive care @entity1 with base deficits greater than 2.0 were prospectively studied. The etiology of the @entity1 ' base deficits was determined by admission laboratory data. @entity1 were divided into those with @entity520 , and those with @entity520 from other causes. Mortality within these groups was compared by Fisher's exact test. Thirty-seven @entity1 (49.3%) had @entity520 . Thirty-three @entity1 (46.7%) had @entity8193 . Three @entity1 (4%) had base @entity51 , and two @entity1 (2.6%) had base @entity51 . There were no significant differences in age, APACHE II scores, or volumes of resuscitation between the hyperchloremic group and the remaining @entity1 . There were four @entity204 (10.8%) in the hyperchloremic group and thirteen @entity204 (34.2%) in the remaining @entity1 (P = 0.03). @entity520 resulted from resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution in 18 (48.6%) of the hyperchloremic @entity1 . @entity520 is a common etiology of base deficit in the surgical intensive care unit. It is associated with lower mortality than base deficit secondary to other causes. Moreover, it is frequently induced following resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution. Failure to properly diagnose this subset of acidotic @entity1 may result in inappropriate clinical interventions due to the erroneous presumption of ongoing tissue @entity519 .

title: Base deficit does not predict mortality when secondary to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis', 'hyperchloremic acidosis', 'Hyperchloremic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficits secondary to ketosis', 'deficits secondary to uremia']

answer: @entity520 :: (MESH:D000138,Disease) :: ['hyperchloremic acidosis']


abstract: Although apoptosis contributes to myocardial cell @entity204 in the @entity63 -reperfused heart, the molecular basis of apoptosis is poorly understood. @entity66 ( @entity66 ) has been characterized as a caspase-independent @entity204 effector. Upon the induction of apoptosis, mitochondrial @entity66 is released to the cytoplasm and then enters the nucleus, in which it induces chromatin condensation and 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. In the present study, we examined the role of @entity66 in @entity63 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity35 hearts. @entity66 was detected in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of hearts subjected to @entity63 -reperfusion, whereas it was detected only in the mitochondria of control hearts. Moreover, @entity66 release increased in a reperfusion time-dependent manner. Pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed that 50 kbp DNA fragments were produced by @entity63 /reperfusion. In contrast, cytochrome c release and the activation of @entity4124 did not occur to a significant extent. Moreover, @entity63 preconditioning attenuated the @entity66 release and the 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that @entity66 -dependent apoptosis is likely to attribute to myocardial cell @entity204 in the @entity63 -reperfused heart and that it is related with the protective effect of @entity63 preconditioning.

title: Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in myocardial cell XXXX by @entity63 -reperfusion.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Apoptosis-inducing factor', 'AIF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity907 ( @entity907 ) is a common clinical condition characterized by abrupt cardiovascular autonomic changes resulting in @entity1163 . This is a recurring condition with mixed results from current strategies of treatment. METHODS: Subjects with a diagnosis of @entity907 were screened and enrolled. All the @entity1 were given a DVD containing yoga videos and were instructed to practice yoga therapy for 60  min, three times a week for 3 consecutive months. Syncope functional status questionnaire score (SFSQS) was administered at the beginning and the end of the study. The subjects were followed for 3  months and underwent repeat tilt table testing at the end of the study. RESULTS: Of the 60 @entity1 screened, 44 subjects were enrolled, 21 in the intervention group and 23 in the control group. Most of the @entity1 were females, and the mean age was 21        3  years. In the intervention group, who finished the yoga regimen, there was a statistically significant improvement from control phase to the intervention phase, in number of episodes of @entity1163 (4        1 vs 1.3        0.7, p   <   0.001) and @entity1163 (4.7        1.5 vs 1.5        0.5, p   <   0.001). The mean SFSQS also decreased from 67        7.8 to 29.8        4.6 (p   <   0.001). All subjects had positive head up tilt table (HUTT) study at the time of enrollment compared to only six @entity1 at the completion of intervention phase (10/100 vs 6/28  %, p   <   0.0001). CONCLUSION: Yoga therapy can potentially improve the symptoms of @entity1163 and @entity1163 in young female @entity1 with @entity907 .

title: Role of yoga as an adjunctive therapy in @entity1 with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope', 'syncope']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocardiogenic syncope', 'NCS']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['neurocardiogenic syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported premature, extensive @entity730 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 (hmzFH) due to mutations in the @entity754 gene ( @entity754 ). The objective of this study was to measure the degree of @entity730 in heterozygous FH (htzFH) compared to both hmzFH and controls. We hypothesized that the @entity754 gene may contribute to @entity730 in a gene-dosage effect. METHOD: @entity1 with htzFH due to the French Canadian mutation ( @entity21317 kb del. null allele) were selected. All @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scan to measure @entity729 . We used 22 hmzFH @entity1 from our previous study and @entity1 undergoing computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy as controls. RESULTS: Mean age for htzFH was 50 +/- 15 years; initial @entity165 level before treatment was 10.45 +/- 1.73 mmol/ @entity3667 cardiovascular events occurred in 9 of 17 @entity1 . A strong correlation between age and @entity460 score was found (r = 0.72, P = .0016). There was a strong correlation between the @entity165 -year score (an index of lifelong @entity165 burden) and the aortic @entity460 score (r = 0.62, P = .0105). @entity730 in htzFH subjects occurred later than in hmzFH @entity1 , but much earlier than in controls, suggesting a gene-dosage effect of @entity754 mutations and aortic @entity460 deposition. CONCLUSION: @entity730 was observed in @entity1 with htzFH but presented at a later time and were less extensive than in hmzFH (34 vs 14 years, respectively). Because @entity730 may be partly independent of serum @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity753 , implications for screening and the timing of treatment initiation may need reassessment.

title: @entity730 in XXXX : potential role of the @entity754 gene.

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDL-R']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic calcification', 'aortic calcification', 'aortic calcifications', 'Aortic calcifications']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To improve early diagnosis of @entity263 to aid clinical decision-making. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) is sensitive to water diffusion throughout tissues, which correlates with Gleason score, a histological measure of @entity263 @entity146 . In this study the ability of DW-MRI to @entity263 onset and development was evaluated in transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate ( @entity19989 ) @entity19 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: T2 -weighted and DW-MRI were acquired using a 7T MR scanner, 200   mm bore diameter; 10 @entity19989 and 6 C57BL/6 control @entity19 were scanned every 4 weeks from 8 weeks of age until sacrifice at 28-30 weeks. After sacrifice, the genitourinary tract was excised and sectioned for histological analysis. Histology slides registered with DW-MR images allowed for validation of DW-MR images and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) as tools for @entity5 detection and disease stratification. An automated early assessment tool based on ADC threshold values was developed to aid @entity5 detection and progression monitoring. RESULTS: The ADC differentiated between control prostate ((1.86        0.20)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) and normal @entity19989 prostate ((1.38        0.10)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0001), between @entity19989 prostate and well-differentiated @entity5 ((0.93        0.18)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.0006), and between well-differentiated @entity5 and poorly differentiated @entity5 ((0.63        0.06)   *   10(-3) mm(2) /s) (P   =   0.02). CONCLUSION: DW-MRI is a tool for early detection of @entity5 , and discrimination between @entity5 stages in the @entity19989 model. The incorporation of DW-MRI-based @entity263 stratification and monitoring could increase the accuracy of preclinical trials using @entity19989 @entity19 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1207-1217.

title: Diffusion-weighted MRI for early detection and characterization of XXXX in the transgenic @entity420 of the @entity19 prostate model.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['detect prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Most secondary intramammary @entity5 occur as metastatic involvement from the contralateral breast. Breast @entity3 (BM) from nonmammary @entity5 are very rare. The aims of this study were to estimate retrospectively the prevalence of BM from nonmammary @entity5 and to describe their radiologic appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: BM were identified in 51 @entity1 , including 43 @entity1 and eight @entity1 with a median age of 61 years (range, 24-84 years). Computed tomography of the thoracic region identified 108 lesions in 38 @entity1 . Mammography was available for 37 @entity1 (54 lesions). Ultrasound evaluation was performed in 43 @entity1 (71 lesions). In 24 @entity1 (93 lesions), magnetic resonance imaging of the breast was done. Images were reviewed in consensus by two radiologists according to the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon. RESULTS: The prevalence of BM in several @entity5 ranged from 0.12% to 4.92%. On computed tomography, most @entity3 were round or oval in shape with marked or moderate enhancement. On mammography, solitary or multiple round or oval masses with circumscribed margins were the most common pattern of BM. Ten percent showed microcalcifications. On ultrasound, most BM were hypoechoic, oval or round in shape, with microlobulated or circumscribed margins, and posterior acoustic enhancement. Doppler imaging showed hypervascularity in 39% of BM. On magnetic resonance imaging, most lesions demonstrated marked homogenous contrast enhancement. Type 1 kinetic curve was seen in 18%, type 2 in 52%, and type 3 in 30%. CONCLUSIONS: The radiologic features reported in this study should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of @entity1558 .

title: XXXX to the breast from non-mammary @entity5 : @entity5 , prevalence, clinical signs, and radiological features.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) is considered the preferred route for long-term enteral feeding. The aim of this study was to determine predictors of an increased mortality risk after @entity970 insertion. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted during a 13-year period in the gastroenterology department of Erlangen University Hospital. The authors completed a questionnaire with details of demographic data, diagnosis, indication for @entity970 , type of tube, and cause of @entity204 . @entity1 were contacted regularly at scheduled appointments. RESULTS: In total, 787 @entity1 (574 male [72.9%]) underwent @entity970 placement by the pull technique. The main underlying disease was malignant (75.6%). By the end of the study period, 614 @entity1 had died. The average survival time was 720 days. The 30-, 60-, 90-day and 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality rates amounted to 6.5%, 9.8%, 13%, 32.1%, 59.3%, and 69.8%, respectively. Predictive factors of increased 30-day mortality were higher age, lower body mass index (BMI), and the presence of @entity6 . The presence of all 3 variables served as an indicator to detect high-risk @entity1 , with a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.64. CONCLUSION: Mortality predictors for @entity1 after @entity970 insertion are higher age, lower BMI, and the presence of @entity6 . To avoid unnecessary and dangerous examinations in high-risk @entity1 , the above-mentioned predictive factors of mortality should be checked before @entity970 placement.

title: Predictive factors of mortality after XXXX insertion: guidance for clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity970 :: (CHEBI:46793,Chemical) :: ['PEG']


abstract: In this experimental study, consist of 54 @entity35 , we tried to observe the effectiveness of haemopoietic growth factors such as @entity7420 and @entity7421 in treatment of @entity295 and see if they have any effects on phagocytic activity of macrophages when are administered after establishment of @entity295 . In first phase of this study, twenty one @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups of 7 animals each. Cecal ligation and perforation were carried out in each @entity35 and @entity295 made up. The Control group received 2 x 0.2 cc %5 dextrose injection subcutaneous (s.c.).. The @entity7420 group received 2 x 1 g @entity7420 with 0.2 cc %5 dextrose s.c. The @entity7421 received 1 x 2 g @entity7421 with 0.2 cc %5 dextrose s.c. Seventh day survival was considered as criterion in the three groups. In second phase of this study, thirty three @entity35 were randomly divided into three groups of 11 animals each. The same procedures were carried out also in these groups. Leukocyte counts and peripheric spread were analyzed in postoperative 24th and 72th hours, alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were Investigated in postoperative 72nd hour. There was significantly neutrophilic leukocytosis in the @entity7420 group according to the control group. Nevertheless, there was no change in the phagocytic activity of alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. @entity7421 brought about positive effect of phagocytic activity of macrophages without change of leucocyte count in the @entity295 , but it caused neutrophilic, monocytosis and @entity2905 . The seventh day survival rates in control, @entity7420 , @entity7421 groups were as; 42.8%, 71.4%, 28.5% respectively. As a result, we saw that @entity7420 has no effect on the phagocytic activity of macrophages, while increases the survival by enhancing the count and probably the function of neutrophils. @entity7421 fails to increase survival while effects the phagocytic activities of macrophages positively and enhances the peripheral neutrophil and monosit counts without changing the total number of leukocytes.

title: [The effectiveness of hemopoietic growth factors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) @entity669 kinase inhibitor (TKI) @entity4562 was assessed in a phase II study in @entity1 with advanced @entity418 . Several biologic features were investigated as potential markers of @entity4562 activity. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced @entity418 , who had failed one line of prior chemotherapy, were administered @entity4562 500 mg/d. Response was evaluated every 8 weeks. Tumor material obtained before @entity4562 treatment was investigated for gene mutations in @entity470 , @entity984 , and @entity10160 ; protein expression levels of @entity470 , p-Akt, and p- @entity22166 ; and @entity470 gene amplification. RESULTS: Of the 36 enrolled @entity1 , one (2.8%) achieved a partial response, 10 (27.8%) had stable disease, 17 (47.2%) experienced progression on treatment, and eight (22.2%) were not assessable for response. The progression-free survival time was 59 days, and the median overall survival time was 164 days. Although @entity470 or @entity10160 mutations were absent, @entity984 mutations were found in two @entity1 with progressive disease. High @entity470 gene copy number was identified in two @entity1 experiencing partial response or progressive disease. A higher disease control rate (response plus stable disease) was observed in females (P = .038) and in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ; P = .013) or high @entity470 expression (P = .002). CONCLUSION: @entity4562 has a modest activity in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 . However, the @entity1 outcome was significantly better in female @entity1 and in @entity1 demonstrating high @entity470 expression or @entity957 histology. The selection of @entity418 @entity1 for future studies with @entity470 -TKIs based on the level of @entity470 expression in their @entity5 or @entity957 histology should be considered.

title: Predictive factors for outcome in a phase II study of @entity4562 in second-line treatment of advanced @entity418 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['Gefitinib', 'gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To characterize the association among @entity27 indices (AHIs) determined using three common metrics for defining @entity387 , and to develop a model to calibrate between these AHIs. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of Sleep Heart Health Study Data. SETTING: Community-based. @entity1 : There were 6,441 @entity1 and @entity1 age 40 y or older. MEASUREMENT AND RESULTS: Three separate AHIs have been calculated, using all @entity386 (defined as a decrease in airflow greater than 90% from baseline for >=  10 sec) @entity387 (defined as a decrease in airflow or chest wall or abdominal excursion greater than 30% from baseline, but not meeting @entity386 ) associated with either: (1) a 4% or greater fall in oxyhemoglobin saturation - AHI4; (2) a 3% or greater fall in oxyhemoglobin saturation - AHI3; or (3) a 3% or greater fall in oxyhemoglobin saturation or an event-related arousal - AHI3a. Median values were 5.4, 9.7, and 13.4 for AHI4, AHI3, and AHI3a, respectively (P < 0.0001). Penalized spline regression models were used to compare AHI values across the three metrics and to calculate prediction intervals. Comparison of regression models demonstrates divergence in AHI scores among the three methods at low AHI values and gradual convergence at higher levels of AHI. CONCLUSIONS: The three methods of scoring hypopneas yielded significantly different estimates of AHI, although the relative difference is reduced in severe disease. The regression models presented will enable clinicians and researchers to more appropriately compare AHI values obtained using differing metrics for @entity387 .

title: Calibration Model for @entity27 : Impact of Alternative Criteria for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea', 'plus hypopneas']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apneas', 'apnea definitions']

answer: @entity387 :: (MESH:D012891,Disease) :: ['Hypopneas']


abstract: PURPOSE: This multicenter, randomized trial compared @entity416 plus @entity901 (XELOX) with bolus @entity1487 (FU) and @entity4181 (FA) as adjuvant therapy for @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 who had undergone curative resection were randomly assigned to XELOX ( @entity901 130 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus @entity416 1,000 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1 to 14 every 3 weeks for 24 weeks) or a standard bolus FU/FA adjuvant regimen (Mayo Clinic for 24 weeks or Roswell Park for 32 weeks). The primary study end point was disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The intention-to-treat population comprised 1,886 @entity1 ; 944 @entity1 were randomly assigned to XELOX and 942 to FU/FA (Mayo Clinic, n = 664; Roswell Park, n = 278). After 57 months of follow-up for the primary analysis, 295 @entity1 (31.3%) in the XELOX group had relapsed, developed a new primary @entity694 , or died compared with 353 @entity1 (37.5%) in the FU/FA group (hazard ratio [HR] for DFS, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93; P = .0045). The 3-year DFS rate was 70.9% with XELOX and 66.5% with FU/FA. The HR for overall survival (OS) for XELOX compared to FU/FA was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.72 to 1.05; P = .1486). The 5-year OS for XELOX and FU/FA were 77.6% and 74.2%, respectively. Follow-up is ongoing. Preplanned multivariate and subgroup analyses supported the robustness of these findings. CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity901 to @entity416 improves DFS in @entity1 with @entity5 . XELOX is an additional adjuvant treatment option for these @entity1 .

title: @entity416 plus @entity901 compared with @entity1487 and @entity4181 as adjuvant therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III colon cancer']