abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elevating the yield and altering the composition of seed @entity4793 (Toc's) are important to rapeseed breeding and production. However, little is known about the biosynthesis of Toc's in response to environmental signals. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous @entity15150 (GA3) and @entity28970 (PAC) on Toc biosynthesis. We also explored the interactive effects between the two plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other factors, such as PGR treatment duration, genotype, and growing location on the total Toc yield and composition in @entity4335 seed. GA3 significantly enhanced the production of Toc's and elevated the a-/y-Toc ratio in a time- and genotype-dependent manner. By contrast, PAC significantly reduced Toc yield. Genotypic differences were observed in the effects of GA3 on Toc yield and composition in the seeds. GA3 significantly increased the Toc yield and a-/y-Toc ratio in Zheyou-50, a genotype with a low proportion of very long chain @entity1718 (VLCFAs). However, GA3 did not significantly influence these parameters in Jiu-Er-13Xi, a genotype with a high VLCFA proportion. The increased Toc yield induced by GA3 was mediated by the upregulation of genes ( @entity71360 and BnVTE1) that catalyze the production of Toc precursors. Therefore, applying GA3 can improve rapeseed quality by increasing Toc yield and improving Toc composition.

title: Effect of @entity15150 on the Biosynthesis of @entity4793 in XXXX ( @entity4335 .) and Arabidopsis.

entities_list: @entity4335 :: ('3708', 'Species') :: ['oilseed rape']

entities_list: @entity28970 :: ('MESH:C053370', 'Chemical') :: ['paclobutrazol']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherols']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity4335 :: (3708,Species) :: ['Oilseed Rape']


abstract: @entity32489 @entity43 multicellular spheroids xenografted subcutaneously in CD-1 @entity19 @entity851 , or dormancy, of up to 52 days. In the study reported here, implanted @entity32489 spheroids were used for testing the role of angiogenesis and vascular maturation in triggering the @entity5 progression. The kinetics and impact of neovascular maturation and functionality, in dormancy, and growth of @entity32489 spheroid xenografts were studied noninvasively by BOLD contrast MRI. MR data were supported by histologic staining for biotinylated albumin as a blood pool marker and @entity3113 ( @entity3113 ) as marker for perivascular mural cells. Although the @entity5 periphery showed higher levels of total and mature vasculature than normal skin, the fraction of mature out of the total vessels as detected by MRI vascular maturation index (VMI(MRI)) was significantly lower in the @entity5 both before and after @entity5 exit from dormancy. The neovasculature induced by the implanted spheroid was unstable and showed cycles of vessel growth and regression. Surprisingly, this instability was not restricted to the immature vessels, but rather included also regression of mature vessels. During dormancy, neovasculature was predominantly peripheral with no infiltration into the implanted spheroid. Infiltration of @entity3113 positive stroma cells into the spheroid was associated with functional vascularization and @entity5 growth. Thus, stroma infiltration and vascular maturation are an important checkpoint linking the angiogenic switch with @entity5 progression.

title: The role of angiogenesis, vascular maturation, regression and stroma infiltration in dormancy and growth of XXXX spheroids.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian epithelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['displayed growth delay']

entities_list: @entity3113 :: ('11475(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin', 'alpha-SMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'initiation of tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['implanted MLS ovarian carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 inhalation solution (CIS) delivered via nebulization is under evaluation for the prevention of chronic rejection post-lung transplant. A 300- @entity1 randomized, controlled clinical trial (CYCLIST) is expected to be completed late in 2011. In support of this trial, a chronic inhalation toxicology study in @entity235 has been completed. METHODS: To mimic the clinical setting, animals (four/sex/dose plus two/sex/dose in the control and high dose recovery groups) were exposed to aerosolized CIS, via nose-only exposure, three times per week for 9 months at targeted inhaled doses of 0 (air), 4, 12, and 24   mg/kg. In addition, the potential for persistence or reversibility of any toxic effects were assessed after a 6-week recovery period. The toxicological endpoints included clinical observations, body-weight, food consumption, toxicokinetics, clinical chemistry, and histopathology. RESULTS: All @entity235 receiving CIS completed the study with the only consistent observations being excessive salivation and changes in minute ventilation. There was no limiting lung or systemic @entity137 associated with exposure to CIS, and the only possible drug-related effect was an observation of benign @entity1557 tissue in the mammary glands of the high-dose female recovery group. Toxicokinetic data showed that @entity205 is initially absorbed rapidly with little drug remaining in lung tissue or blood 24   h after the end of dosing. CONCLUSION: The study supports the pulmonary and systemic safety of aerosolized CIS at expected lung dose levels/kg of up to 12 times greater than the average dose @entity1 are receiving in the CYCLIST trial.

title: Safety and toxicology of XXXX in propylene glycol after 9-month aerosol exposure to @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1557 :: ('MESH:D018226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroadenoma']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ) is a commonly used drug to treat diverse @entity5 types. However, its treatment can generate resistance and the mechanisms of @entity4045 -resistance in @entity2 are still unclear. We demonstrated that @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) survive @entity4045 treatment. Compared with the progenitor NSCLC A549 cells, the @entity4045 -resistant A549 cells (A549/ @entity4045 ) displayed enhanced sphere-formation ability. The proportion of the @entity5 stem cell marker, @entity4975 dehydrogenase-positive cells, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling protein levels were also elevated in A549/ @entity4045 . Importantly, the levels of oncoproteins phosphoinositide-3 kinase/ @entity584 , @entity2355 cytoplasmic domain ( @entity2355 -C) and @entity3546 were also significantly elevated in A549/ @entity4045 . Furthermore, nuclear translocation of @entity2355 -C and @entity3546 increased in A549/ @entity4045 . The @entity7242 protein, an activator of @entity2355 -C, was also overexpressed in A549/ @entity4045 . These observations led to the hypothesis that enhanced expression of @entity2355 -C is associated with @entity3308 and @entity4045 resistance in @entity1149 . To test this, we knocked down or overexpressed @entity2355 -C in A549/ @entity4045 and found that inhibition of @entity2355 -C expression coupled with @entity4045 treatment was sufficient to reduce the sphere-forming ability and survival of A549/ @entity4045 . In summary, our in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed a potential mechanism of @entity2355 -C-mediated @entity4045 resistance and provided insights into a novel therapeutic measure for @entity2 .

title: @entity2355 -mediated chemo-resistance in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers', 'NSCLCs']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['Paclitaxel']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 with @entity195 ( @entity195 ), deposition of amyloid-beta Ab, a proteolytic cleavage of @entity477 ( @entity477 ) by b-secretase/ @entity6705 , forms @entity527 in the brain. @entity6705 activation is caused due to oxidative stresses and dysfunction of ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which is linked to @entity876 inactivation. As partial suppression of @entity6705 attenuates Ab generation and @entity195 -related pathology, it might be an ideal target for @entity195 treatment. We have shown that both in neurons and in HEK- @entity477 cells, @entity6705 is a new substrate of E3-ligase CHIP and an inverse relation exists between CHIP and @entity6705 level. CHIP inhibits ectopic @entity6705 level by promoting its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, thus reducing @entity477 processing; it stabilizes @entity477 in neurons, thus reducing Ab. CHIP(U) (box) domain physically interacts with @entity6705 ; however, both U-box and TPR domain are essential for ubiquitination and degradation of @entity6705 . Further, @entity6705 is a downstream target of @entity876 and overexpression of @entity876 decreases @entity6705 level. In HEK- @entity477 cells, CHIP is shown to negatively regulate @entity6705 promoter through stabilization of @entity876 's DNA-binding conformation and its binding upon 5' UTR element (+127 to +150). We have thus discovered that CHIP regulates @entity876 -mediated trans-repression of @entity6705 at both transcriptional and post-translational level. We propose that a CHIP- @entity6705 - @entity876 feedback loop might control @entity477 stabilization, which could further be utilized for new therapeutic intervention in @entity195 .

title: CHIP stabilizes @entity477 via proteasomal degradation and XXXX -mediated trans-repression of b-secretase.

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['senile plaque']

entities_list: @entity477 :: ('351', 'Gene') :: ['APP', 'amyloid precursor protein']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Lens capsule thickness was measured in 105 @entity231 lenses with and without @entity9998 . The lenses were removed by intracapsular cryoextraction. Forty lenses (38%) showed exfoliation, while 65 (62%) were exfoliation negative. Thickness values were measured by light microscopy from the central anterior capsule, central posterior capsule and from the equator. The mean thickness values were for the central anterior capsule 8.2 +/- 3.2 mu, for the central posterior capsule 3.2 +/- 1.4 and for the equator 3.9 +/- 1.3. There was no statistical difference between the exfoliation-positive and exfoliation-negative lenses. The capsule thickness varied greatly throughout the present material. The highest value, 22.4 mu, was measured from an exfoliation-negative central anterior lens capsule of a male @entity1 aged 33 years. The lowest value, 0.6 mu, was measured from an exfoliation-positive central posterior capsule of a male @entity1 aged 64 years. The central posterior capsule is the thinnest area of the lens capsule. The findings call for great caution in polishing the posterior capsule during extracapsular @entity231 surgery. The higher complication rate in eyes with @entity9998 cannot be explained by thinner lens capsules but rather on the more friable zonules.

title: Capsule thickness of XXXX lenses with and without @entity9998 .

entities_list: @entity9998 :: ('MESH:D017889', 'Disease') :: ['exfoliation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataractous', 'cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataractous']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain metastases reduce survival because therapeutic options are limited. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of single-agent therapy with alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity2903 in pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases prospectively stratified by primary @entity5 type. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had bidimensionally measurable brain metastases from histologically/cytologically confirmed @entity320 , @entity0 ( @entity0 ), or @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) were allowed. @entity1 received @entity2903 150 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-7 and 15-21 every 28- or 35-day cycle). RESULTS: In the intent-to-treat population (N = 157; 53 @entity320 , 51 @entity0 , and 53 @entity1149 ), one @entity1 had complete response, nine (6%) had partial responses, and 31 (20%) had stable disease in the brain. Median progression-free survival was 56, 58, and 66 days for @entity320 , @entity0 , and @entity1149 , respectively. Median overall survival was 100 days for @entity320 , 172 days for @entity1149 , and not evaluable in the @entity0 group. @entity882 was the most common adverse event causing dose modification or treatment discontinuation. Grade 4 toxic effects were rare. CONCLUSIONS: This alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity2903 regimen was well tolerated and clinically active in heavily pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases, particularly in @entity1 with @entity320 . Combining @entity2903 with WBRT or other agents may improve clinical outcomes.

title: Dose-dense @entity2903 regimen for the treatment of brain metastases from XXXX , @entity0 not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery: a multicenter phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective monozygotic twin cohort study. OBJECTIVES: Our goal was to investigate the associations between different spinal MRI findings and current, past year, and lifetime @entity1643 after adjusting for occupational physical loading, smoking, genetics, and early family influences. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The role of spinal pathology in back symptoms continues to be controversial. METHODS: The study @entity1 consisted of 115 monozygotic male twin pairs 35 to 69 years of age. The qualitatively assessed MRI parameters were as follows: disc height, bulging, herniations, anular tears, @entity5040 , @entity612 , and endplate changes. Signal intensity was measured quantitatively. RESULTS: After controlling for age, disc height was associated with all @entity615 variables studied and anular tears with @entity5752 frequency and intensity during the 12 months before imaging. Both were associated with lifetime frequency of @entity1643 interfering with daily activities, disability, and intensity of the worst lifetime @entity158 episode. Other MRI findings did not explain the various symptom histories. Adjusting for physical loading in the past 12 months increased the associations of anular tears and " @entity1643 parameters. After controlling for genotype and other familial influences, the within-pair differences in disc height and anular tears accounted for 6% to 12% of the total variance in the within-pair differences of @entity1643 variables. CONCLUSION: These findings raise new questions about the underlying mechanisms of @entity5752 . The sensitivities of the only significant MRI parameters, disc height narrowing and anular tears, are poor, and these findings alone are of limited clinical importance.

title: Associations between XXXX history and lumbar MRI findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain today" and 12-month low back pain', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity5040 :: ('MESH:D054850', 'Disease') :: ['osteophytes']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['back pain']


abstract: OBJECT: The objective of this study was to describe a single surgeon's experience managing @entity66 due to @entity1691 . METHODS: The authors undertook a retrospective review of the records of @entity1 with @entity66 due to @entity1691 who were evaluated and treated by the senior author. Charts were reviewed for symptoms and signs at presentation, radiography results, treatment, and outcome. In addition, some of the @entity1 had pathology reports available for review. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 with @entity66 due to @entity1691 were identified who were evaluated by the senior author in the years 1990-2008. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity4048 (37.5%), @entity129 (37.5%), and @entity132 (62.5%). On examination, the most common findings were limited cervical range of motion (37.5%), @entity425 (50%), and @entity602 (75%). Radiographic evaluation revealed @entity9807 , retroodontoid @entity2070 formation, @entity3473 , and @entity79 . Surgery was offered to all of the @entity1 , 7 of whom underwent operations. In most cases, the treatment was @entity5663 followed by occipitocervical fusion. One @entity1 with a reducible lesion underwent dorsal fusion alone. Neurological outcomes were favorable overall. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity66 in @entity1 with @entity1691 varies among reports. These cases are rare in most neurosurgery clinics. It is important to recognize that @entity1 with @entity1691 are at risk for @entity66 , similar to @entity1 with @entity309 . Principles common to the management of other CVJ pathologies apply to these @entity1 as well.

title: XXXX of the craniovertebral junction: a single surgeon's experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['CVJ disease', 'craniovertebral junction (CVJ) disease']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disturbance']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['transoral-transpalatopharyngeal decompression']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone erosion']

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial subluxation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1691 :: (MESH:D013167,Disease) :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis']


abstract: A @entity2667 fluorescence assay (PIA) was developed to characterize the in vitro growth of @entity1 @entity5 cell lines as well as to test the cytotoxic activity of standard compounds. @entity2667 (PI) was used as a dye which penetrates only damaged cellular membranes. Intercalation complexes are formed by PI with double-stranded DNA which effect an amplification of the fluorescence. Incubation of the total cell population with PI and subsequent fluorescence detection allowed assessment of the number of non-vital cells (first measurement). After freezing the cells at -20 degrees C for 24 h PI had access to total DNA leading to total cell population counts (second measurement). The number of viable cells was calculated by the difference between these two measurements. In the proliferation and @entity137 assays 5 x 10(3) cells per well were plated in 96 multiwells and finally stained with 50 micrograms/ml PI in 25 microliters for 10 min. A correlation between the log of cell number and the log of fluorescence units could be demonstrated over a 2.5-3 log range (r = 0.97). The lower limit of cell detection was 150-500 cells/wells. In @entity137 assays eight clinically used cytostatics were tested which effected a clear dose-response relationship (r = 0.93-0.98) and high reproducibility (r = 0.92). In conclusion, this assay is a simple and rapid test system, the main advantages are the absence of any washing steps and the small number of @entity5 cells necessary for drug testing. The PIA can easily be used for cell number determinations in biological and pharmacological studies.

title: Development of a @entity2667 fluorescence assay for proliferation and XXXX assays.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide', 'Propidium iodide']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of golimumab in the 140 @entity1 included in Spain as the first part of the GO-MORE trial, a multinational study involving @entity1 with active @entity309 ( @entity309 ) despite treatment with different disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). @entity1 AND METHODS: The @entity1 received subcutaneous golimumab 50mg once a month during 6 months. The primary endpoint was the percentage of individuals with a good or moderate EULAR DAS28-ESR response after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: A total of 140 @entity1 were included. Of these, 76.4% had very active disease (DAS28-ESR>5.1). 76.4% were taking @entity1499 , 40.0% other DMARDs in monotherapy or combined, and 65.0% received @entity288 . After 6 months, 82.9% of the @entity1 showed a good or moderate EULAR response, 41.4% had low disease activity, and 30.7% were in remission. The percentage of responders one month after the first dose was 69.3%. The efficacy was similar in @entity1 treated with @entity1499 or other DMARDs, with different @entity1499 doses, with or without @entity288 , or in subjects who had failed one or more DMARDs. The response to golimumab was observed from the first dose. Golimumab was well tolerated and its safety profile was consistent with the findings of previous studies. Serious adverse events were reported in 11 @entity1 (7.9%). CONCLUSION: The addition of subcutaneous golimumab 50mg once a month to different DMARDs in @entity1 with active @entity309 yielded a moderate or good response after 6 months in 82.9% of the cases. The response was observed early, from the start of the second month, after a single dose of golimumab.

title: Efficacy and safety of golimumab as add-on therapy to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in XXXX : Results of the GO-MORE study in Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cytological examination of pleural fluids is a fast, efficient and non-invasive diagnostic method. Identification of malignant effusions bears critical importance in treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of cytopathologic diagnoses in @entity1143 and the cyto-histopathologic correlation rates. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 298 pleural fluid cases diagnosed from 2008 to 2009 in our laboratory were retrospectively identified as the study group. Evaluation results were classified in 5 groups as inconclusive, benign, atypical, suspicious and malignant, and compared with the biopsy results. RESULTS: Of the total 298 pleural fluid cases, 114 (38.3%) were females and 184 (61.7%) were males. The age range was between 15 and 89 with a mean value of 58.4 +/- 17.8. Of the cases, 3 (1%) were diagnosed as inadequate, 246 (82.6%) benign, 8 atypical, 10 suspicious, and 31 malignant by cytology. Among the cases who were diagnosed as malignant, 24 (8.1%) were reported as @entity189 and 7 (2.3%) as @entity3620 . Of the 8 cases reported as atypical, biopsy results of 2 showed @entity3620 , and of the 10 cases reported as suspicious, 1 case whose biopsy result was obtained was diagnosed as @entity957 metastasis. CONCLUSION: Cytological examination is the most valuable diagnostic method for @entity1143 which may have various etiological causes. The most common cause of @entity1143 in our region is metastatic @entity189 including those from the lung, @entity5344 , followed by @entity3620 .

title: Cytopathologic diagnosis in XXXX and cyto-histopathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: Acute central administration of galanin has been reported to increase fat consumption. These experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that repeated injections of galanin would elicit @entity7298 and @entity1017 and that this response would depend on the available diet. Male @entity35 were fed high (56% energy) or low (10% energy) fat diets. Galanin (300 pmol) or saline vehicle was injected into the third ventricle twice daily for 7 days and three times daily for another 6 days. On both the high- @entity1735 and high-fat diets, twice daily @entity16424 increased daytime food intake, but there was a compensatory decrease in nighttime intake. The addition of a third, nighttime injection of galanin was ineffective in producing an increase in total 24-h intake. There was no significant increase in body weight during galanin treatment in @entity35 eating either diet although animals eating the high-fat diet gained more weight as reflected by a significant increase in epididymal fat pad weight. Galanin treatment had no effects on serum insulin, @entity413 or @entity2819 concentrations, measured at the end of the experiment. However, animals fed the high-fat diet had significantly higher insulin concentrations at the time of sacrifice. Although repeated central infusions of galanin reliably stimulated daytime intake of both diets, they failed to increase total daily energy intake or body weight.

title: Chronic cerebroventricular galanin does not induce sustained XXXX or obesity.

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7298 :: (MESH:D006963,Disease) :: ['hyperphagia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of chemoreduction using @entity1891 and @entity3003 in preventing or delaying external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or enucleation in @entity1 with @entity995 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 (43 eyes) with newly diagnosed @entity995 received primary treatment with eight courses of @entity1891 and @entity3003 . Focal treatments were delayed until documentation of disease progression. Outcome measures for each eye were length of time to disease progression, avoidance or delay of EBRT, and globe survival. Event-free survival was defined as the length of time to EBRT or enucleation. RESULTS: Disease in all eyes responded to chemotherapy and progressed in only two @entity1 before completion of the eight courses of therapy. Disease in all but four eyes progressed and required focal treatments. Event-free survival estimates at 2 years were 59.2% +/- 12.0% for Reese-Ellsworth group I, II, and III eyes and 26.3% +/- 9.2% for group IV and V eyes. Nineteen eyes (44.2%) required EBRT and 13 eyes (30.2%) were enucleated. The ocular salvage rate was 83.3% for Reese-Ellsworth group I to III eyes and 52.6% for group IV and V eyes. For those @entity1 receiving EBRT, the median time from enrollment to EBRT was 9.5 months (median age at EBRT, 21 months). CONCLUSION: In combination with appropriate early intensive focal treatments, chemoreduction with @entity1891 and @entity3003 , without @entity2879 , may be an alternative treatment for @entity1 with early-stage @entity995 , although additional studies are needed. @entity1 with @entity1442 require more aggressive treatments.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity1891 and @entity3003 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced intraocular disease']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['intraocular retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['intraocular retinoblastoma']


abstract: Gout is a common chronic @entity625 that can lead to significant disability. Gout is one of the few rheumatological conditions that can be diagnosed with certainty, has a known cause and can be cured with appropriate therapy. Hypouricaemic agents reduce @entity414 concentrations through inhibiting @entity414 production ( @entity208 ) or enhancing @entity414 excretion (probenecid, @entity11368 ). @entity208 is the most commonly used hypouricaemic agent but at recommended doses often fails to reduce adequately @entity414 concentrations and prevent @entity697 . The use of probenecid is limited by lack of efficacy in @entity8 . In the last few years, new agents in the management of hyperuricaemia and @entity210 have become available. @entity20082 , a new @entity3624 oxidase inhibitor, is an effective hypouricaemic agent although further data are required for @entity1 with @entity8 and other significant medical conditions. Rasburicase, a recombinant uricase (which catalyses the conversion of @entity414 to the more readily excreted @entity13579 ) is available for prevention of @entity5 . However, its repeated use, as would be required in chronic @entity210 , is limited by antigenicity. A less antigenic PEGylated uricase can rapidly reduce serum @entity414 concentrations and promote resorption of tophi. However, further information with regard to the long-term risks and benefits of these agents is required. These agents may ultimately be used in the short term to rapidly deplete urate stores (induction therapy) followed by long-term therapy with an alternative hypouricaemic agent to prevent subsequent accumulation of @entity414 (maintenance therapy).

title: Emerging therapies in the long-term management of hyperuricaemia and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute attacks of gout']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour lysis syndrome']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['Febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity13579 :: ('MESH:D000481', 'Chemical') :: ['allantoin']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol', 'Allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity11368 :: ('MESH:D001553', 'Chemical') :: ['benzbromarone']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to compare endometrial biopsy and sonohysterography for evaluation of the endometrium in @entity440 -treated @entity1 . METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify 51 consecutive @entity440 -treated @entity1 who had sonohysterography and correlative endometrial biopsy for evaluation of @entity548 or thickened endometrium of greater than 8 mm. Endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic results were compared in all @entity1 , and for 27 (53%) @entity1 who had hysteroscopy with dilation and curettage, endometrial biopsy and sonohysterographic findings also were compared with surgical pathologic findings. RESULTS: Thirty-two (63%) of 51 sonohysterograms revealed @entity1478 (8%) showed endometrium of greater than 5 mm; 14 (27%) showed endometrium of less than 5 mm; and 1 (2%) was inadequate. Endometrial biopsy findings were benign endometrium in 42 (82%), @entity1127 in 4 (8%), and insufficient samples in 5 (10%). Among the adequate sonohysterograms, 64% (32 of 50) resulted in a diagnosis of @entity1127 (95% confidence interval, 49%-77%) whereas the corresponding proportion for endometrial biopsy was 9% (4 of 46; 95% confidence interval, 2%-21%). For the group with hysteroscopy, 24 (92%) of 26 @entity1127 were confirmed histopathologically; 1 @entity1127 had @entity1373 . @entity1127 were present in 23 (89%) of 26 @entity1 with benign endometrium or insufficient samples by endometrial biopsy, and only 1 confirmed @entity1127 was identified by endometrial biopsy. The sensitivity of sonohysterography for diagnosis of @entity1478 (100%) was significantly higher than for endometrial biopsy (4%; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity440 -treated @entity1 , sonohysterography provides a significant improvement in sensitivity for diagnosis of @entity1478 compared with endometrial biopsy.

title: Sonohysterography compared with endometrial biopsy for evaluation of the endometrium in XXXX -treated @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyp', 'polyps', 'Polyps']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['complex hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyps; 4']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: An 8-year-old white @entity1 with a history of vertigo, @entity390 , and @entity391 developed a progressive @entity393 , bilateral retinal arteriolar narrowing in each eye, vasoproliferation, and subsequent intravitreal @entity548 . An attempt at peripheral retinal ablation with cryotherapy in the left eye resulted in @entity1713 . Spontaneous @entity1713 occurred in the right eye and was successfully repaired. Repeated intermittent @entity548 occurred despite intraocular diathermy. Three years after onset, visual acuity was R.E.: 6/21 (20/66) and L.E.: light perception. She remains totally deaf. A 20-year-old white @entity1 developed severe bilateral @entity1274 with poorly functioning labyrinths, followed by @entity732 and vasoproliferation on the optic nerve head. @entity989 was followed by @entity2296 and repeated episodes of @entity548 . Six years after onset, visula acuity was R.E.: hand motions, and L.E.: 6/3 (20/100). She remains totally deaf. Both @entity1 were of normal gestation, development, and mentality, without evidence of other @entity262 . The cause of this disease was not found.

title: Occlusive XXXX and deafness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intravitreal bleeding', 'hemorrhage', 'hemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis iridis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Progressive retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['midperipheral retinal arteriolar occlusions']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinal vascular disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: The development of @entity694 markers that can detect liver @entity3 early and predict which @entity1 are at risk to develop liver @entity3 would have a major impact on this disease. We have previously identified G. Brunagel, et al., @entity5 Research, 62:2437-2442, 2002, nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs), which are associated with @entity694 . The objective of this study is to identify the existence of a specific NMP "fingerprint" for @entity1 liver metastasis from @entity694 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the NMP expression of 12 matched liver @entity3 and adjacent normal samples and three normal donor liver samples. These were compared with @entity694 NMP patterns, along with several primary cell systems and lines. RESULTS: Analysis of multiple gels for each sample revealed three proteins present in all liver @entity3 , which are not present in normal liver tissue and normal hepatocytes. These three proteins were also present in @entity694 samples. CONCLUSION: Data provided here demonstrate that the NMP composition is able to differentiate liver @entity3 from normal liver tissue and normal hepatocytes and that these proteins are also expressed in @entity694 . These results further show that the adjacent normal liver tissue changes its NMP pattern of expression. Development of an assay to detect these specific NMPs in tissue and/or serum specimens is a promising modality for early detection of liver @entity3 from @entity694 or potentially as a prognostic tool. In addition the functional characterization of these proteins will significantly enhance our understanding of the development of liver @entity3 of this disease.

title: Nuclear matrix protein alterations associated with XXXX metastasis to the liver.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: Vertical climbing is central to the locomotor and foraging strategies of the great apes and, indeed, to theories about the evolution of locomotor specialisations of hominoid primates. Nevertheless, its kinematics have yet to be fully evaluated. Here, we present spatio-temporal parameters of 80 climbing sequences containing 560 limb cycles obtained from video recordings of captive, rehabilitant and wild Sumatran @entity17055 ( @entity23286 ). Gait parameters such as cycle duration, duty factor, laterality of footfalls, relative stride length and normalised speed were analysed to identify the influence of body size (through an intraspecific comparison of age/sex classes), the influence of the environment (through an intraspecific comparison of animals living in different habitats) and the influence of morphology (through an interspecific comparison with the climbing characteristics of other primates) on climbing ability in @entity17055 . Results show that there are only few differences between the climbing of wild, rehabilitant and captive individuals. Cycle duration is longer and speed is lower for the wild individuals than for other groups due to the complexity of their environment and lack of familiarity with each substrate, which results in a more cautious gait. Sex/age-related differences in climbing were found to be small, although juveniles generally exhibited a shorter cycle duration and lower duty factor than other groups. The spatio-temporal gait parameters of adult females carrying @entity1 were not found to differ significantly from those for females without an @entity1 , which suggests that climbing kinematics are not affected by the presence of a clinging @entity1 . Extended-elbow vertical climbing is primarily characterised by a higher duty factor than flexed-elbow climbing, indicating that the former is an energetically more demanding form of locomotion. In comparison with other primates, @entity17055 exhibit a longer cycle duration, longer strides but lower climbing speed, reflecting a compromise between the demands of a large body mass and @entity2720 .

title: Gait parameters in vertical climbing of captive, rehabilitant and wild Sumatran XXXX ( @entity23286 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity23286 :: ('9601', 'Species') :: ['Pongo pygmaeus abelii']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['extreme joint mobility']

answer: @entity17055 :: (9600,Species) :: ['orang-utans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity has been associated with poor prognosis in @entity0 . However, most previous studies examined populations with relatively low proportions of @entity28 @entity1 . Given that forecasts predict @entity28 rates to exceed 50% by 2030, it is important to examine @entity0 outcomes in populations with higher rates of @entity28 . We hypothesized that @entity28 , as measured by body mass index (BMI), is associated with decreased overall survival and disease-free survival in @entity1 with @entity0 in a population with a high prevalence of @entity28 . METHODS: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was conducted on @entity1 treated for @entity0 at an academic medical center between 1997 and 2013. BMI was calculated from each @entity1 's height and weight at the time of diagnosis. @entity1 were categorized as normal (BMI <25  kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI 25-30  kg/m(2)), or @entity28 (BMI >30  kg/m(2)), as per the definitions established by the World Health Organization. The end points of overall survival and disease-free survival were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 523 @entity1 with @entity0 were included for analysis. Based on BMI, 87 (16%) were categorized as normal, 150 (29%) were overweight, and 286 (55%) were @entity28 . The median follow-up was 49  mo. There were 16 deaths (18.4%) in normal @entity1 , 25 (16.7 %) in overweight @entity1 , and 45 (15.7%) in @entity28 @entity1 (P  =  0.84). By Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, there were no differences in overall survival (P  =  0.49) or in disease-free survival (P  =  0.33) among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity is not associated with decreased overall or disease-free survival in a @entity1 population with a high prevalence of @entity28 . These findings suggest that there may be other factors that contribute to the poor prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 observed in populations with lower rates of @entity28 .

title: @entity0 outcomes in a population with high prevalence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'obese breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity7667 are rare @entity5 of the central nervous system containing neoplastic ganglion and low grade glial cells. In studying 10 surgically treated cases, we evaluated the clinical, pathological, radiological, and immunocytochemical features, with follow-up. Ranging from 18 to 58 years in age, 7 @entity1 were @entity1 , and 3 were @entity1 . The most common presenting symptom was @entity410 . Computed tomographic scan showed a low density enhancing mass in 8 and @entity730 in 5. Six had minimally abnormal vascularity on angiography. Seven @entity1 had total and 3 had subtotal resections of the @entity5 . The temporal lobe was the location of the @entity5 in 6 cases. All of the cases met the histological criteria of Russell and Rubinstein for @entity7667 . Four @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy because of subtotal resection or aggressive histological makeup. On follow-up, from 2.5 to 7 years, 8 @entity1 are alive and @entity5 -free, and 7 are also @entity410 -free. Two died after operation: one immediately and the other of a @entity463 that developed 5 years later. Our study confirms that @entity7667 is a distinct histological entity, anatomically localized, with characteristic clinical and radiological findings and long term survival. Aggressive histological makeup is not a definite indication of malignant potential. The definitive role of follow-up radiotherapy for this @entity5 needs further study. Malignant evolution is rare, but warrants follow-up.

title: XXXX : a correlative clinicopathological and radiological study of ten surgically treated cases with follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma', 'Gangliogliomas']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity7667 :: (MESH:D018303,Disease) :: ['Ganglioglioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 , characterized by Libman-Sacks @entity47 , is common in @entity1 with @entity1252 and is commonly complicated with @entity887 . Thus, accurate detection of Libman-Sacks @entity47 may lead to early therapy and prevention of their associated complications. Although two-dimensional (2D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has high diagnostic value for detection of Libman-Sacks @entity47 , three-dimensional (3D) TEE may allow improved detection, characterization, and clinical correlations of Libman-Sacks @entity47 . METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity1252 (27 @entity1 ; mean age, 34      12  years) prospectively underwent 40 paired 3D and 2D transesophageal echocardiographic studies and assessment of @entity66 manifested as @entity16 , @entity149 , or focal @entity1545 on magnetic resonance imaging. Initial and repeat studies in @entity1 were intermixed in a blinded manner with paired studies from healthy controls, deidentified, coded, and independently interpreted by experienced observers unaware of @entity1 ' clinical and imaging data. RESULTS: The results of 3D TEE compared with 2D TEE were more often positive for mitral or @entity886 , and 3D TEE detected more @entity47 per study and determined larger sizes of @entity47 (P   <=  .03 for all). Also, 3D TEE detected more @entity47 on the anterior mitral leaflet, anterolateral and posteromedial scallops, and ventricular side or both atrial and ventricular sides of the leaflets (P  <  .05 for all). In addition, 3D TEE detected more @entity47 on the aortic valve left and noncoronary cusps, coronary cusps' tips and margins, and aortic side or both aortic and ventricular sides of the cusps (P   <=  .01 for all). Furthermore, 3D TEE more often detected associated mitral or aortic valve commissural fusion (P  = .002). Finally, 3D TEE detected more @entity47 in @entity1 with @entity66 (P  = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional TEE provides clinically relevant additive information that complements 2D TEE for the detection, characterization, and association with @entity66 of @entity1252 .

title: XXXX : Detection, Characterization, and Clinical Correlates by Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['acute clinical neurologic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Libman-Sacks endocarditis']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve vegetations']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity47 :: ('MESH:D018458', 'Disease') :: ['vegetations']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Libman-Sacks Endocarditis']


abstract: Cell lines from @entity4153 were established with a success rate of 43% from different metastatic sites of treated and untreated @entity1 . All 6 @entity4153 cell lines grew as floating cell aggregates without substrate adherence. The degree of aggregation ranged from very tight spheroids to very loose sheets and chains. This gross morphological property showed a striking correlation to the PDT, with short PDTs in loose growing cell lines and long PDTs in tight growing cell lines. Cell size and nuclear features, i.e., chromatin pattern and nucleolar prominence, also seemed to correlate with the PDT and gross morphology. All @entity4153 cell lines had dense core granules by electron microscopical examination. Several different serum-free and serum-supplemented growth media were tested for their feasibility in establishing and permanently growing @entity4153 . Serum-free SIT medium and SIT2.5 medium provided the best results in liquid culture. For semisolid @entity4153 cultivation, R 10 medium was superior to all other media tested. These cell lines are currently under intensive biochemical, molecular biological, and cytogenetical investigation in different laboratories and thus provide a tool for studying the biology of @entity2 .

title: Establishment, growth properties, and morphological characteristics of permanent XXXX small cell lung cancer cell lines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autophagy is an intracellular process leading to vacuolar or lysosomal degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. Establishment of proper methods to monitor autophagy was a key step to uncover its role in organisms such as @entity375 , mammals and @entity958 , in which chloroplastic proteins were found to be recycled by autophagy. Chloroplast recycling has been predicted to function in nutrient remobilization for growing organs or grain filling in cereal crops. Here, to develop our understanding of autophagy in cereals, we established monitoring methods for chloroplast autophagy in @entity579 ( @entity579 ). We generated transgenic @entity579 expressing fluorescent protein (FP)-OsATG8 fusions as autophagy markers. FP-ATG8 signals were delivered into the vacuolar lumen in living cells of roots and leaves mainly as vesicles corresponding autophagic bodies. This phenomenon was not observed upon the addition of @entity2307 , an inhibitor of autophagy, or in an AUTOPHAGY7 knockout mutant. Markers for the chloroplast stroma, stromal FP and FP-labeled Rubisco, were delivered via a type of autophagic body called the @entity1053 ( @entity1053 ) in the same manner. @entity1053 production in excised leaves was suppressed by supply of external Suc or light. The release of free FP due to autophagy-dependent breakdown of FP-labeled Rubisco was induced during accelerated senescence in individually-darkened leaves. In roots, non-green plastids underwent both @entity1053 -mediated and entire-organelle types of autophagy. Therefore, our newly developed methods to monitor autophagy directly demonstrated autophagic degradation of leaf chloroplasts and root plastids in @entity579 plants and its induction during energy limitation.

title: Establishment of monitoring methods for autophagy in XXXX reveals autophagic recycling of chloroplasts and root plastids during energy limitation.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity2307 :: ('MESH:C009687', 'Chemical') :: ['wortmannin']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['Rubisco-containing body', 'RCB']

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza sativa', 'rice']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: To evaluate the dynamics of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity5 -bearing @entity19 , the post-capillary venules ( @entity1485 ) were subjected to quantitative measurements in the regional (RLN) and nonregional (NRLN) lymph nodes during the progression of P815X2 @entity9600 in @entity10792 @entity19 . @entity19 were sacrificed at two-day intervals, and RLNs and NRLNs were analysed for their content of B- and T-lymphocytes and their subsets, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase technique using monoclonal antibodies; Anti- @entity3512 (T cells), Anti- @entity6689 (T-helper cells), Anti- @entity3414 (T-suppressor cells), and Anti-I-Ad (B cell) antigens, separately in the B- and T-cell compartments. In the PCVs, @entity4222 ( @entity4222 ) and endothelial height (Hend) were measured. There was a biphasic elevation of @entity4222 in the RLNs, as compared with only a late rise in the NRLNs, reaching the peak (1.54) on day 14. In RLNs, there was a sharp reduction in Hend starting from the values (6.37 microns) on day 2, down to 4.79 microns on day 8. This is followed by rapid elevation close to the second-day values, e.g. 6.07 on day 10. The changes in @entity4222 paralleled the early influx of B cells, as evidenced by the decrease of @entity3512 +/I-Ad+ cell ratio and a late recruitment of T cells as indicated by the elevation of that ratio as well as the Hend values in both the RLNs and NRLNs. The present experiment shows that morphology of PCVs in the RLNs and in NRLNs of P815X2-bearing @entity19 is subjected to alterations reflecting the dynamics of lymphocyte recruitment into these organs. When combined with lymphocyte subset enumeration using monoclonal antibodies, the quantitative analysis of the PCVs permits predictions to be made on the recirculatory activity of these cell populations during the @entity5 progression.

title: Immune response against P815X2 @entity9600 growing in @entity10792 XXXX . III. Morphometric assessment of the dynamic changes in post-capillary venules as regulatory elements of lymphocyte recirculation in @entity5 -draining lymph nodes.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'migration index']

entities_list: @entity10792 :: ('MESH:D029503', 'Disease') :: ['syngeneic DBA/2']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity461 ( @entity461 ) is strongly concerned with the pathogenesis of urinary stones. @entity461 is mainly regulated by the serum @entity460 concentration and not by other hormones, as is usually the case. We studied whether @entity461 is also regulated by adrenocorticotrophic hormone ( @entity4545 ) or not. @entity4545 (0.25 mg) was injected intravenously to 17 @entity1 with @entity459 PHP, 7 @entity1 with @entity1791 , 7 @entity1 with @entity5 , and 6 control subjects. Serum @entity460 was significantly increased in only PHP. The serum @entity460 increase rate showed a significant positive correlation with serum alkaline phosphatase, and a negative correlation with the preinjected serum @entity460 . @entity461 was slightly increased in all four groups. Serum @entity701 and @entity4545 concentrations were not significantly different among the groups. @entity461 concentration in a culture medium of parathyroid tissues increased after @entity4545 addition. Serum @entity460 was significantly increased after @entity4545 injection in an adrenalectomized @entity35 , and decreased in a parathyroidectomized @entity35 . From our data and those of others, it appears that @entity4545 acts on the adrenal glands to decrease the serum @entity460 concentration, and might act directly on the parathyroid gland or bones to increase it.

title: [Studies on the endocrinological metabolism of the parathyroid. II. Influence of @entity4545 on parathyroid function and XXXX metabolism].

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity461 :: ('5741', 'Gene') :: ['PTH', 'Parathyroid hormone']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity25 is a classic sign of @entity99 . However, there are limited data regarding its prevalence in cirrhotic @entity1 without overt @entity99 . We assessed the characteristics of sleep in @entity82 using a sleep questionnaire (n = 44) and actigraphy (n = 20). The results were compared with those of subjects with @entity177 and those of healthy controls. Presence of subclinical @entity99 , chronotypology profile, and individual's affective state were also analyzed. The questionnaire indicated an elevated number of cirrhotic @entity1 (47.7%) and @entity1 with @entity177 (38.6%) who complained of unsatisfactory sleep compared with healthy controls (4.5%, P < .01). @entity25 in cirrhotic @entity1 with unsatisfactory sleep. The @entity25 in @entity82 was not associated with clinical parameters nor with @entity73 . Cirrhotic subjects and @entity1 with @entity177 with unsatisfactory sleep showed higher scores for @entity308 and @entity148 , raising the possibility that the effects of @entity102 may underlie the pathogenesis of @entity25 . However, in contrast to @entity177 , unsatisfactory sleep in @entity82 was associated with delayed bedtime, delayed wake-up time, and evening chronotypology. In conclusion, a @entity25 is frequent in cirrhotic @entity1 without @entity99 and may be related to abnormalities of the circadian timekeeping system.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in @entity82 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disturbance', 'Actigraphy corroborated the deterioration of sleep parameters', 'sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: @entity35 @entity45697 @entity11 cells were grown on a sponge foam matrix in an organ culture system and the cell cycle parameters, including the growth fraction (GF), were assessed after autoradiography. The zones of growth consisted of a compact upper layer (UL) at the gaseous interface, a central @entity39 and a deeper lower layer (LL) which invaded the matrix. The fraction of continuously labeled mitoses (FCLM) was similar in both the UL and LL cells. The derivatives of the FCLM curves obtained in three experiments gave an average modal TG2 of 5 hr. A mathematical model relating GF, TG2, TC and labeling index as a function of time, @entity3162 (t), was devised for cells in a steady state exposed continuously to tritiated @entity1014 and was applied to data obtained from UL cells. A mean GF of 9% (range: 8-10%) and a mean cell cycle time (TC') of 27 hr (range: 13-47 hr) were obtained. The mean @entity1950 was calculated to be 11 hr (range: 8-16 hr) by the method of grain counts per mitotic figure or grain index (GI). Knowledge of @entity1950 permitted alternative calculation of the cell cycle time from the equation Ts/TC = @entity3162 (0)/GF:this gave a mean cell cycle time (TC") of 29 hr (range: 20-45hr). Except for the GF, the cell kinetics were comparable to those of the same cell line grown in monolayer culture. The GF in the in vitro system described is in the lower range reported in some @entity1 @entity11 in vivo.

title: XXXX @entity45697 @entity11 cells maintained in an organ culture system: a study of kinetic parameters.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic layer']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity1729 and risk of @entity299 and @entity64 is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ). In this article, we describe the associations between @entity1729 and @entity1211 . METHODS: All cases aged >= 18 years of first-time diagnosis of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) or @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) were identified together with single-matched controls from a primary care general practice database. In addition to the matching characteristics, information was collected on other potentially important confounding factors. RESULTS: There were 457/11,557 (4.0%) @entity1150 cases with @entity1729 in the year before the index date (73 in the preceding month) compared with 262/11,557 (2.3%) controls (24 in the preceding month). There was an increased risk of @entity1150 in the month following infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR)   =   2.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.62-4.29] which persisted up to a year. There were 180/5162 (3.5%) @entity1151 cases with @entity1729 in the year before the index date compared with 94/5162 (1.8%) controls excluding those in the preceding month to avoid the possible misdiagnosis of early @entity1151 . There was an increased risk of @entity1151 in the 3 months following infection (adjusted OR   =   2.50, 95% CI 1.33-4.72) which may have persisted up to a year. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong associations between recent @entity1729 and @entity1211 . There should be less distinction between venous and arterial events in decisions about preventing or aborting @entity281 , especially in high-risk @entity1 .

title: Recent @entity1729 and risk of XXXX : case-control study through a general practice database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attacks']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection and venous thromboembolism', 'VTE']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous thromboembolism']


abstract: In recent years, it has become clear that self-nonself discrimination by the immune system is driven not so much by the specificities of the antigen receptors themselves, but by ligand-receptor systems that sense the presence of foreign pathogens (toll-like receptors) and those that regulate the balance between cellular proliferation and programmed cell @entity204 ( @entity5 necrosis factor [TNF] family ligands and receptors). Interestingly, these two receptor families share a number of common signaling pathways, mediated by the cytoplasmic proteins containing @entity204 domains and TRAF domains, which trigger the complementary processes of programmed cell @entity204 and @entity32 . Both @entity1 and @entity19 with @entity74 in the TNF-receptor family member Fas accumulate abnormal lymphocytes and develop systemic @entity792 . These findings highlighted the importance of this TNF-receptor family member in the homeostasis of the immune system. In particular, the Fas receptor has been shown to be important in immunoreceptor-mediated apoptosis of activated T and B lymphocytes. Six members of the TNF-receptor superfamily share a common signaling domain with Fas, termed the @entity204 domain, that directly links these receptors to the apoptotic machinery of the cell, and, collectively, these receptors have been designated as " @entity204 receptors."We are currently investigating a number of important unresolved issues in this field, including: (1). how susceptibility to apoptosis through @entity204 receptors is regulated, (2). how Fas and related @entity204 receptors function in the maintenance of self-tolerance and homeostasis in the major cell types of the immune system, and (3). recently described nonapoptotic lymphocyte activation signals that use components of @entity204 receptor signaling.

title: Death receptor signaling and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmunity']


abstract: A policy of weekly faecal cultures for @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) was instituted following the investigation of an outbreak of VRE in our neonatal intensive care unit in 2005. We found that 11 of 18 @entity1 were infected or colonised during the outbreak, including three cases of @entity281 and one case of @entity693 . This report describes the utility of the surveillance policy in maintaining a VRE-free environment. The outbreak investigation showed that all VRE isolated were @entity6375 of the vanA type. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested that the outbreak was caused by a single strain. Control of the outbreak was achieved by enhanced contact isolation precautions, cohorting of @entity1 and staff, improved environmental decontamination and closure of the unit to new admissions. The @entity1 with @entity281 and @entity693 were treated successfully with @entity5136 . Approximately one year after the outbreak, weekly surveillance detected two @entity1 with faecal carriage of VRE whose periods of admission overlapped. Early intensive intervention was associated with disappearance of the organism from the neonatal intensive care unit. No further cases of colonisation or disease have occurred in the unit in the two and a half years since then.

title: Elimination of XXXX -resistant enterococci from a neonatal intensive care unit following an outbreak.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bloodstream infection', 'bloodstream infections']

entities_list: @entity6375 :: ('1352', 'Species') :: ['Enterococcus faecium']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['vancomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The independent prognostic significance of @entity7127 ( @entity7127 ) of blood pressure (BP) is not yet clear. We investigated the association between @entity7127 of systolic BP and risk of coronary events in elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 . METHODS: The occurrence of coronary events was evaluated in 1,191 elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 (age range 60-90 years). Subjects were divided according to tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP of the population as a whole, by dipping status and by group-specific tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP in dippers and nondippers. RESULTS: During the follow-up (9.1    4.9 years, range 0.4-20 years), 120 coronary events occurred. In the population as a whole, coronary event risk was not significantly associated with tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP, whereas nondippers were at higher risk than dippers. When nondippers and dippers were analyzed separately, by group-specific tertiles of @entity7127 of systolic BP, coronary event risk was associated with @entity7127 of systolic BP in dippers but not in nondippers. After adjustment for various covariates, Cox regression analysis showed that dippers in the third tertile (>23 mm Hg) of @entity7127 of systolic BP (hazard ratio 1.912, 95% confidence interval 1.048-3.488, P = 0.03) and nondippers (hazard ratio 1.739, 95% confidence interval 1.074-2.815, P = 0.02) were at higher coronary event risk than dippers with @entity7127 of systolic BP <23 mm Hg . CONCLUSIONS: In elderly treated @entity101 @entity1 , high @entity7127 of systolic BP predicts coronary events in dippers but not in nondippers. Nondippers, however, show higher risk of coronary events independently of @entity7127 in systolic BP.

title: Morning Blood Pressure Surge, Dipping, and Risk of Coronary Events in Elderly Treated @entity101 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7127 :: ('MESH:D048968', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'morning surge']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined obstetric and fetal/neonatal outcomes in @entity1 with a history of recurrent @entity2208 . METHODS: We reviewed the obstetric records of all 5,829 nulliparous pregnant @entity1 who delivered at #8805;14 weeks' gestation from 2008 through 2013 at our perinatal center. Of these @entity1 , 74 had a history of recurrent @entity2208 (1.3%). The control population consisted of 4,176 nulliparous @entity1 without a history of @entity2208 . Demographic information and characteristics of labor were extracted from @entity1 charts. RESULTS: The rate of maternal age #8805;40 years (p<0.01) and the rate of in vitro fertilization use (p<0.01) were higher in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2208 than in @entity1 without @entity2208 . Eleven @entity1 with recurrent @entity2208 (14.9%) were treated with low-dose aspirin with and without subcutaneous heparin. In addition, the rate of cesarean delivery was higher in @entity1 with recurrent @entity2208 than in @entity1 without @entity2208 (p=0.02). However, fetal/neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between the populations. CONCLUSION: The pregnancy of @entity1 with a history of recurrent @entity2208 is not associated with adverse outcomes at our perinatal center.

title: Clinical characteristics of pregnancies with a history of recurrent XXXX at a Japanese perinatal center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['miscarriage']

answer: @entity2208 :: (MESH:D000022,Disease) :: ['miscarriage']


abstract: KEY POINTS: Physical inactivity increases the risk of @entity65 and may alter sympathetic nervous system control of vascular resistance. Hindlimb unweighting (HU), a rodent model of physical inactivity, has been shown to diminish sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and reduce NO synthase expression in isolated skeletal muscle blood vessels. Our understanding of the effects of HU on sympathetic vascular regulation in vivo is very limited. The present findings demonstrate that HU did not alter sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. This study suggests that short-term physical inactivity does not alter in vivo sympathetic vascular control in the skeletal muscle vascular bed at rest and during contraction. ABSTRACT: We tested the hypothesis that physical inactivity would increase sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and diminish NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle. @entity35 (n  =  33) were randomly assigned to sedentary time control (S) or hindlimb unweighted (HU) groups for 21  days. Following the intervention, @entity35 were anaesthetized and instrumented for measurement of arterial blood pressure and femoral artery blood flow and stimulation of the lumbar sympathetic chain. The percentage change of femoral vascular conductance (%FVC) in response to sympathetic chain stimulation delivered at 2 and 5  Hz was determined at rest and during triceps surae muscle contraction before (control) and after NO synthase blockade with @entity6462 (5  mg  kg  i.v.). Sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness was not different (P  >  0.05) in S and HU @entity35 at rest (S, 2  Hz, -26      8% and 5  Hz, -46      12%; and HU, 2  Hz, -29      9% and 5  Hz, -51      10%) and during contraction (S, 2  Hz, -10      7% and 5  Hz, -23      11%; and HU, 2  Hz, -9      5% and 5  Hz, -22      7%). @entity842 synthase blockade caused a similar increase (P  >  0.05) in sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness in HU and S @entity35 at rest (S, 2  Hz, -41      7% and 5  Hz, -58      8%; and HU, 2  Hz, -43      6% and 5  Hz, -63      8%) and during muscle contraction (S, 2  Hz, -15      6% and 5  Hz, -31      11%; and HU, 2  Hz, -12      5% and 5  Hz, -29      8%). Skeletal muscle NO synthase expression and @entity3451 -mediated vasodilatation were also not different between HU and S @entity35 . These data suggest that HU does not alter sympathetic vasoconstrictor responsiveness and NO-mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in resting and contracting skeletal muscle.

title: Hindlimb unweighting does not alter vasoconstrictor responsiveness and XXXX -mediated inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Circulating levels of @entity6143 are depressed after cardiopulmonary bypass and have been implicated to play a contributory role in the alterations in left ventricular function after hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming. The central hypothesis of the present study was that pretreatment of isolated myocytes with @entity1954 will have a direct and beneficial effect on contractile performance after hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming. Contractile function in isolated @entity1707 left ventricular myocytes was examined by video microscopy after the following treatment protocols: (1) 37 degrees C incubation in medium (normothermia) for 2 hours with @entity1954 followed by a 2-hour normothermic incubation with no @entity1954 , (2) 4 hours of normothermic incubation with no @entity1954 , (3) normothermic incubation for 2 hours with @entity1954 followed by 2 hours of @entity6564 , hypothermic @entity1167 ([K+]:24 mmol/L; 4 degrees C) and subsequent rewarming, and (4) normothermic incubation for 2 hours with no @entity1954 followed by 2 hours of @entity6564 , hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming. Two hours of normothermia with @entity1954 increased myocyte contractile function by 30% compared with values in untreated control myocytes, and this increase persisted after a subsequent 2-hour incubation under normothermic conditions with no @entity1954 . For example, myocyte velocity of shortening in @entity1954 -pretreated myocytes was 84 +/- 4.9 microns/sec compared with 62 +/- 2.8 microns/sec in control myocytes (p < 0.05). @entity1167 and subsequent rewarming caused a significant reduction in myocyte velocity of shortening from normothermic values (37 +/- 3.4 microns/sec, p < 0.05). However, in myocytes pretreated with @entity1954 , myocyte contractile function was significantly higher after hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming (54 +/- 2.5 microns/sec, p < 0.05). In a second series of experiments, beta-adrenergic responsiveness was examined after pretreatment with @entity1954 . In the presence of the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 (25 nmol/L), myocyte contractile function was increased by 26% in the @entity1954 -treated myocytes compared with that in untreated control myocytes. This enhanced beta-adrenergic responsiveness with @entity1954 pretreatment persisted with subsequent exposure to hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming. In summary, @entity1954 pretreatment caused an increase in myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness under normothermic conditions and after hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming. Thus the present study provides direct evidence to suggest that preemptive treatment with @entity1954 may improve left ventricular contractile performance after hypothermic @entity1167 and rewarming.

title: Pretreatment with @entity6143 (T3). Effects on myocyte contractile function after hypothermic XXXX and rewarming.

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['Cardioplegic arrest', 'cardioplegic arrest']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

entities_list: @entity6143 :: ('CHEBI:18258', 'Chemical') :: ["3,5,3'triiodo-L-thyronine"]

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardioplegic arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide additional details and evidence behind the recommendations for outcomes assessment of @entity1 with @entity649 from the Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference. DESIGN: Consensus conference of experts in pediatric @entity647 . METHODS: A panel of 27 experts met over the course of 2 years to develop a @entity649 and to make recommendations regarding treatment and research priorities. The outcomes subgroup comprised four experts. When published data were lacking, a modified Delphi approach emphasizing strong professional agreement was used. RESULTS: The Pediatric @entity647 Consensus Conference experts developed and voted on a total of 151 recommendations addressing the topics related to @entity649 , seven of which related to outcomes after @entity649 . All seven recommendations had strong agreement. @entity1 with @entity649 continue to have a high mortality, specifically, in relation to certain comorbidities and etiologies related to @entity649 . Comorbid conditions, such as an immunocompromised state, increase the risk of mortality even further. Likewise, certain etiologies, such as @entity358 , also place @entity1 at a higher risk of mortality. Significant long-term effects were reported in adult survivors of @entity649 : diminished lung function and exercise tolerance, reduced quality of life, and diminished neurocognitive function. Little knowledge of long-term outcomes exists in @entity1 who survive @entity649 . Characterization of the longer term consequences of @entity649 in @entity1 is vital to help identify opportunities for improved therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies that will lessen the long-term burden of @entity649 and improve the quality of life in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The Consensus Conference developed pediatric-specific recommendations for @entity649 regarding outcome measures and future research priorities. These recommendations are intended to promote optimization and consistency of care for @entity1 with @entity649 and identify areas of uncertainty requiring further investigation.

title: The Outcomes of @entity1 With Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Proceedings From the Pediatric XXXX Consensus Conference.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['taxonomy to define pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome', 'pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['non-pulmonary sepsis']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'Acute Lung Injury']

answer: @entity647 :: (MESH:D055371,Disease) :: ['Acute Lung Injury']


abstract: One of the known causes of @entity101 is vascular compression on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). However, it remains unknown whether @entity2850 causes the significant variability in blood pressure observed during acute @entity385 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute @entity385 @entity1 based on the presence or absence of @entity2850 . We evaluated 56 @entity1 with acute @entity385 . Blood pressure was measured every 6 h for 72 h after admission and evaluated with successive variation (SV). The presence of @entity2850 was evaluated using time-of-flight 3D magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological severity was evaluated using the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) at admission and 14 days after admission, and clinical improvement was determined by taking the difference in the NIHSS scores between admission and at 14 days. @entity1 clinical outcome was evaluated with the modified Rankin scale on discharge. Vascular compression of the RVLM was identified in 15 @entity1 (26.8%). The proportion of @entity1 showing clinical improvement was significantly higher in the non-compression group (odds ratio, 0.21 (95% CI = 0.06-0.78); P = 0.01). The SV value for systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the compression group (P < 0.0001). We found that @entity1 with @entity2850 had a greater variability in blood pressure during the acute @entity385 phase, which may be related to poorer prognosis.

title: Blood pressure variability and prognosis in acute XXXX on the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['RVLM vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke with vascular compression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explores the associations between lifestyle factors and late and moderate @entity600 (LMPT: 32(+0)-36(+6) weeks' gestation), a relatively under-researched group. STUDY DESIGN: A population-based case-cohort study was undertaken involving 922 LMPT and 965 term (37+ weeks' gestation) singleton live and stillbirths born between 1 September 2009 and 31 December 2010 to @entity1 residing in Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire, UK. Poisson multivariable regression models were fitted to estimate relative risks (RR) of LMPT birth associated with maternal smoking, @entity285 and recreational drug use, and diet. RESULTS: @entity1 who smoked during pregnancy were at 38% increased risk of LMPT birth compared with non-smokers (RR 1.38, 95% CI (1.04 to 1.84)). Low consumption of fruit and vegetables was associated with a 31% increased risk compared with those who reported eating higher consumption levels (RR 1.31 (1.03 to 1.66)). @entity1 who did not have any aspects of a Mediterranean diet were nearly twice as likely to deliver LMPT compared with those whose diet included more Mediterranean characteristics (RR 1.81 (1.04 to 3.14)). @entity1 who smoked and consumed low levels of fruit and vegetables (5% of @entity1 ) were at particularly high risk (RR=1.81 (1.29 to 2.55)). There was no significant effect of @entity285 or recreational drug use on LMPT birth. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking and poor diet during pregnancy, factors that strongly impact on @entity600 , are also important at later gestations and experienced together are associated with an elevated rate of risk. Our findings suggest early cessation of smoking during pregnancy may be an effective strategy to reduce LMPT births.

title: Associations between late and moderately XXXX and smoking, @entity285 , drug use and diet: a population-based case-cohort study.

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['very preterm birth', 'preterm birth']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['preterm birth']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and causes of preterm @entity2670 (menopause before 40 years of age) and @entity7793 (menopause between 40 and 45 years). DESIGN: Cross sectional study. SETTING: Menopause clinics in Italy. POPULATION: @entity1 attending menopause clinics in Italy. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1999 we conducted a large cross sectional study on the characteristics of @entity1 around menopause attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. Eligible for the study were all @entity1 aged 45-75 years consecutively observed for the first time at the participating centres on randomly selected days during the study period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Factors associated with preterm @entity2670 . RESULTS: Out of 15,253 @entity1 aged 55 years or more with spontaneous menopause who entered the study, 269 (1.8%) reported preterm @entity2670 , and 1085 (7.1%) reported spontaneous menopause at age 40-45 years. The risk of preterm @entity2670 and of @entity7793 was higher in @entity1 reporting lifelong irregular menstrual cycles: in comparison with @entity1 reporting menopause at age > or =45 years, the OR (irregular vs regular menstrual cycles) of preterm @entity2670 was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0-1.7) and of @entity7793 of 1.2 (95% CI 1.0-1.5). Parous @entity1 reported less frequently preterm @entity2670 (chi(2) trend P < 0.05) and @entity7793 (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.7-1.0). No significant association emerged between risk of preterm @entity2670 or menopause at age 40 to <45 and education, age at menarche, oral contraceptive use and smoking habits. CONCLUSION: Nulliparity and lifelong irregular menstrual cycles are associated with an increased risk of preterm @entity2670 .

title: Premature ovarian failure: frequency and risk factors among XXXX attending a network of menopause clinics in Italy.

entities_list: @entity7793 :: ('MESH:D008594', 'Disease') :: ['early menopause']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: 33 drug abusers were examined and all of them were addicts to several drugs and always to heroin. @entity16 occurred rather frequently. One @entity1 had @entity510 and angiography showed no @entity2758 nor other pathology. @entity305 has been found in one case. 7 @entity1 (21,2%) developed @entity716 . @entity302 attacks were found in 5 cases (15,1%). Latency between the onset of drug-abusing and occurrence of the attacks was found to be at least 1 year in two cases and 3 years in the other three. 4 cases suffered from @entity410 with secondary generalization and one @entity1 had generalized @entity3173 . Fits occurred rarely in all cases; one @entity1 had two episodes of partial status. Further research is required because there are few clinical reports in comparison with the experimental ones.

title: [ @entity16 in drug dependence with special reference to the development of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['partial complex seizures']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['Polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['tonic-clonic attacks']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic episodes']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epileptic']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic syndromes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a novel technique of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. First results obtained with PIPAC in @entity1 with advanced peritoneal @entity3 (PM) from @entity356 ( @entity356 ) are presented. METHODS: Retrospective analysis: Sixty PIPAC were applied in 24 consecutive @entity1 with PM from @entity356 . 67  % @entity1 had previous surgery, and 79  % previous @entity902 -based systemic chemotherapy. Mean @entity298 Index (PCI) of 16        10 and 18/24 @entity1 had signet-ring @entity356 . @entity900 7.5  mg/m(2) and @entity632 1.5  mg/m(2) were given for 30  min at 37    C and 12  mmHg at 6  week intervals. Outcome criteria were survival, adverse events, and histological @entity5 response. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 248  days (range 105-748), and median survival time was 15.4  months. Seventeen @entity1 had repeated PIPAC, and objective @entity5 response was observed in 12 (12/24   =   50  %): no vital @entity5 cells   =   6, major pathological response   =   6, minor response   =   3. Postoperative adverse events   >   CTCAE 2 were observed in 9 @entity1 (9/24, 37.5  %). In 3/17 @entity1 , a later PIPAC could not be performed due to non-access. Two @entity1 (ECOG 3 and 4) died in the hospital due to disease progression. CONCLUSION: PIPAC with low-dose @entity900 and @entity632 was safe and induced objective @entity5 regression in selected @entity1 with PM from recurrent, @entity902 -resistant @entity356 . First survival data are encouraging and justify further clinical studies in this indication.

title: Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy (PIPAC) with Low-Dose @entity900 and XXXX in Gastric Peritoneal @entity3 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['Doxorubicin']


abstract: @entity8426 is a very uncommon @entity5 (<1% of @entity259 ) characterized by severe local course and rapid metastatic dissemination and very poor prognosis. We report the case of an 84-year-old @entity1 hospitalized for expiratory @entity1353 , severe @entity3147 and @entity1282 leading to @entity281 . She had a voluminous (20 cm) extra-thoracic @entity5651 with a considerable superficial venous pattern that had developed on an old @entity5651 before growing recently. @entity787 and @entity175 levels were normal. The cervical-thoracic CT demonstrated a partially necrosed heterogeneously hypodense @entity5 compressing the esophagus and the @entity825 with displacement of adjacent structures which were not directly invaded. Large areas of @entity39 and a probable metastatic image measuring 3 cm in the right median pulmonary lobe were observed. Macrobiopsy disclosed grade 3 @entity242 . Complete resection delivered a 3.170 kg @entity5 . Histology confirmed the diagnosis of @entity242 without neoplastic extension. Apart from right recurrent palsy, the initial post-operative period was satisfactory and the @entity1 was discharged. Four and a half months later she was rehospitalized with local recurrence with a large metastatis in the right lung. She died two weeks later.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity175 :: ('MESH:D002116', 'Chemical') :: ['calcitonin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial infection']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcoma of the thyroid gland']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['swallowing disorders']

entities_list: @entity5651 :: ('MESH:D006042', 'Disease') :: ['goiter', 'right-neck goiter']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers']

answer: @entity8426 :: (MESH:D013966,Disease) :: ['Sarcoma of the thyroid gland']


abstract: A clinical trial for @entity1 with measurable, disseminated @entity14 is being conducted to determine: (1) if intratumoral expression of @entity1382 ( @entity1382 ) affects response to protracted-infusion @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ); and (2) whether intratumoral expression of @entity1382 increases when clinical resistance is found after response to @entity1487 . Polymerase chain reaction technology is employed to determine @entity1382 expression. Using @entity217 as an internal standard, @entity1382 expressions for 26 @entity1 range from 0.5 x 10(-3) to 22.6 x 10(-3). Currently, 22 @entity1 are evaluable for response and @entity1382 quantitation of their measurable @entity5 . 8 @entity1 (36%) have had partial responses; 3 responding @entity1 had been previously treated with @entity1487 . A strong statistical association between @entity1382 expression and resistance to therapy has been found (P = 0.004). No @entity1 with @entity1382 expression of 4.0 x 10(-3) or greater has responded. On average, @entity1 previously treated with @entity1487 have slightly higher levels of @entity1382 expression in their measurable @entity5 (P = 0.4). Whether responding @entity1 will develop increased expressions of @entity5 remains to be determined. Confirmation of these results in a larger cohort could lead to a scientific rationale for deciding upon specific therapy for @entity1 with disseminated @entity14 .

title: Quantitation of intratumoral @entity1382 expression predicts for resistance to protracted infusion of @entity1487 and weekly leucovorin in disseminated XXXX : preliminary report from an ongoing trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1382 :: ('MESH:D020159', 'Disease') :: ['thymidylate synthase', 'TS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'TS upon clinical progression of their cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) is a devastating @entity64 subtype. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) function in the degradation of extracellular matrix and the activities of MMPs are modulated by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This study aimed to discuss relationship of @entity1476 and @entity1552 to @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) susceptibility and @entity1410 size. METHODS: Associations were tested by logistic regression and @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) where appropriate, adjusting with covariables of age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking, and @entity285 consumption. Association analyses were performed first by stratification of genders and then by the age of 65 years old (y/o). Elder population was defined as subjects who were older than 65 y/o. RESULTS: There were 396 @entity1779 @entity1 and 376 control subjects in this study. In the elder group, @entity72510 @entity11414 variant in @entity1552 was associated with @entity1779 in male and overall @entity1 (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.45 to 8.40, P = 0.005 and OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.38, P = 0.003, respectively) in additive genetic model. In recessive genetic model, @entity37057 TT genotype in @entity1476 was correlated to @entity1779 in male @entity1 and overall elder group (OR = 7.30, 95% CI 1.3 to 40, P = 0.02 and OR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.31, P = 0.046, respectively), and @entity72511 AA genotype in @entity1552 was associated with @entity1779 in female @entity1 (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.84, P = 0.02). In younger male and overall younger @entity1 , @entity1779 @entity1 who had @entity548 had significantly lower frequency of AA genotypes in @entity72511 than those with @entity548 (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.75, P = 0.006 and OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.84, P = 0.014, respectively). @entity548 size increased by 9.7 (95% CI 2.1 to 43, P = 0.004) cm3 per minor allele (A) of the @entity72510 variant in the elder female @entity1 and increased by 4.3 (95% CI 1.4 to 12.9, P = 0.009) cm3 per minor allele (A) in all elder @entity1 . In younger @entity1 , the @entity548 size decreased by 3.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 9.5, P = 0.03) cm3 per minor allele of the s7503726 variant in the female @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant association between the variants of @entity1476 and @entity1552 promoters and @entity1779 susceptibility with significant age and gender differences. @entity548 location and size might be affected by @entity1552 promoter variants in the @entity1779 @entity1 .

title: Polymorphisms in the Promoters of the @entity1476 and XXXX Genes Are Associated with Spontaneous @entity1779 in the Taiwan Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'infratentorial hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'supratentorial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['general linear models', 'GLM']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['SDICH', 'ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage', 'spontaneous deep ICH']

answer: @entity1552 :: (7077,Gene) :: ['TIMP-2']