abstract: @entity859 ( @entity7308 , 10-50 microM), a potent inhibitor of @entity857 -induced @entity1 @entity1423 in platelet-rich plasma (PRP), does not inhibit aggregation in whole blood. However, the @entity7308 analogs, @entity70887 , @entity17828 and @entity19350 ( @entity19350 ) which are resistant to deamination ( @entity70887 ) or deamination and phosphorylation ( @entity17828 and @entity19350 ), inhibit aggregation in whole blood with IC50 values of 12 microM, 2.3 microM and 0.26 microM, respectively. The inhibitory effect of @entity19350 (200 nM) is potentiated by the platelet @entity268 phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor @entity70888 (5 microM). Inhibition of the erythrocytic @entity2353 transport system by dilazep (1 microM) or @entity4341 (10 microM), or blockade of @entity7308 metabolism by @entity9392 (5 microM) plus @entity70889 (10 microM), evokes the antiaggregatory action of @entity7308 in whole blood (IC50 congruent to 2 microM). @entity70888 (5 microM) potentiates @entity7308 -mediated inhibition about 10-fold when @entity2353 transport or @entity7308 metabolism is blocked. @entity7308 (10 microM or 200 nM) is rapidly metabolized within 1 min in whole blood. When @entity2353 transport is inhibited by dilazep or @entity4341 , or when @entity7308 metabolism is blocked by @entity9392 and @entity70889 , 50-60% of the @entity7308 remains in the plasma after 5 min. These results show that the failure of @entity7308 to inhibit @entity1423 in whole blood results from its rapid uptake and metabolism by erythrocytes. More importantly, these data emphasize the key role of @entity2353 transport inhibition in the antiplatelet actions of @entity4341 and dilazep. In addition, superior therapeutic results may be obtained from the combination of blockade of @entity2353 transport system with inhibition of platelet @entity268 PDE.

title: Potentiation of the antiplatelet action of @entity859 in whole blood by @entity4341 or dilazep and the @entity268 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19350 :: ('MESH:D019830', 'Chemical') :: ['NECA', "5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity70889 :: ('MESH:C034214', 'Chemical') :: ['5-iodotubercidin']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

entities_list: @entity17828 :: ('MESH:D015762', 'Chemical') :: ['2-chloroadenosine']

entities_list: @entity9392 :: ('MESH:D015649', 'Chemical') :: ["2'-deoxycoformycin"]

entities_list: @entity70887 :: ('MESH:C034064', 'Chemical') :: ['2-fluoroadenosine']

answer: @entity70888 :: (MESH:D009012,Chemical) :: ['RA 233']


abstract: The ultraviolet (UV) region of solar radiation is a critical factor in the initiation and development of a number of @entity272 . However, it is not only skin which is directly exposed to solar light that is affected by UV radiation, through low molecular weight mediators, generated upon irradiation, "non-skin" tissues can also be affected. The aim of this study was to examine in detail, the acute effects of UVA and UVB wavebands on hairless @entity19 . Female SKH-1 hairless @entity19 were exposed to a single dose of UVB (200, 800 mJ/cm(2)) or UVA (10, 20 J/cm(2)) using a solar simulator. The effects on haematological parameters, activity and/or expression of antioxidant enzymes, level of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), markers of oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation and carbonylated proteins) were analysed in erythrocytes, plasma, liver and whole skin homogenates. No macroscopic changes were observed either 4 or 24 h after UVA/UVB exposure. The blood count showed a significant increase in leukocyte number and reduction of platelets 4 h following UVA and UVB irradiation, which disappeared 24 h after irradiation except for the higher UVA dose. Changes in oxidative stress-related parameters, particularly activity of catalase (CAT) and @entity224 dismutase (SOD) and level of @entity2197 and lipid peroxidation products, were found in skin, erythrocytes and liver. The expression of several enzymes (CAT, SOD, @entity2041 transferase (GST), @entity2125 ( @entity1391 ) @entity3276 oxidoreductase ( @entity26662 ) and hem oxygenase-1 (HO-1)) in skin was affected following UVA and UVB radiation. Increase in carbonylated proteins was found in plasma and skin samples.

title: Acute exposure to solar simulated ultraviolet radiation affects oxidative stress-related biomarkers in skin, liver and blood of hairless XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2125 :: ('MESH:D009243', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: There is no curative therapy for metastatic or recurrent @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). Almost three-quarters of such @entity1 die of their malignancy in 1 year and less than 5% of such @entity1 are alive at 3 years. Few @entity1 respond to hormonal therapy or chemotherapy, and when responses occur, they are usually brief and partial with little impact on survival. Interferon therapy in metastatic @entity1358 has been associated with response rates of approximately 15-20%, and @entity5 regression has been demonstrated in @entity1 treated with both partially purified and, more recently, recombinant interferon. Analysis of published trials shows no clear dose-response relationship; however, the highest therapeutic index appears associated with a daily dosage of 5-10 million units. The time to response is variable and may occasionally be prolonged; however, some @entity1 have durations of response exceeding 12 months. Although nephrectomy may be associated with higher response rates, review of available data indicates that nephrectomy has frequently been an eligibility criteria, and indeed there are adequate descriptions of responses in @entity1 that have not undergone this procedure. @entity1 with pulmonary metastases have the highest response rate. Recently, laboratory and clinical investigations of interferons and several chemotherapeutic agents, notably @entity5713 , suggest synergy, but further data is needed to confirm these findings. The role of interferon therapy in improving survival is unknown. There is little doubt, however, that symptomatic @entity1 who respond to interferon therapy may show improvement in their quality of life and prolongation of survival.

title: Interferon therapy of metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is caused by stress accelerates collagen degradation, there was no data on the relationship between stress and urinary @entity720 ( @entity19487 ) and @entity1521 (Pro), a good marker of collagen degradation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity308 , @entity148 , and stress (DAS) and concentrations of urinary @entity19487 and Pro. METHODS: 97 hospital employees aged 20 to 58 were asked to fill out comprehensive self-administrated questionnaires containing information about their medical history, lifestyle, length of the work year, shift-work and DAS. @entity308 @entity148 stress scale (DASS) was applied to evaluate chronic @entity146 . Urine samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with double derivatization for the assay of @entity720 and @entity1521 . RESULTS: The mean value of @entity19487 and Pro concentration in all subjects was 194.1    113.4  mol/g and 568.2    310.7  mol/g. DASS values and urinary Pro concentrations were differentiated by sex (female > male, p < 0.05) and type of job (nurse > others, p < 0.05). In the stepwise multiple linear regressions, urinary @entity19487 and Pro concentrations were influenced by stress (Adjusted r2 = 0.051) and @entity148 and job (Adjusted r2 = 0.199), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found that stress and @entity148 were correlated with urinary @entity19487 and Pro concentrations. To identifying a definite correlation, further study in large populations will be needed.

title: Relationship between @entity308 XXXX stress scale (DASS) and urinary @entity720 and @entity1521 concentrations in hospital workers.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Data on anesthesia management and outcomes associated with peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) performed exclusively in the endoscopy unit are limited. In this prospective study, we evaluated the safety of anesthesia management, and the feasibility and efficacy of POEM performed exclusively in the endoscopy unit. METHODS: A single-center prospective study of consecutive @entity1 with @entity1318 treated with POEM in an endoscopy unit was performed. Safety of anesthesia management and POEM were determined by procedure-related adverse events. Feasibility was assessed by completion rate. Short-term efficacy was established by clinical success (Eckardt score  <=3) and by comparing Eckardt and @entity1282 scores before and after POEM. RESULTS: @entity1 (n=52) underwent POEM under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation. Aspiration was prevented by keeping @entity1 on a clear liquid diet before the procedure without requiring a prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy for esophageal content clearance. POEM completion rate was 96% (50/52 @entity1 ). There was no post-POEM bleeding. Postprocedure leak was observed in one @entity1 (3%). Four @entity1 (7.7%) experienced @entity3137 , three of them were treated uneventfully endoscopically and one required laparoscopic repair. Clinical success was achieved in 88% of @entity1 . There was a significant decrease in the mean Eckardt score (8.1 to 1.4) and @entity1282 score (2.4 to 0.4) (P<0.0001) at the one month follow up after POEM. CONCLUSION: Anesthesia management of POEM is safe in the endoscopy unit and aspiration can be prevented without requiring prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy for esophageal content clearance. Overall, POEM performed by a gastroenterologist in the endoscopy unit was feasible and effective for the treatment of @entity1318 .

title: Evaluation of anesthesia management, feasibility and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for XXXX performed in the endoscopy unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal injury']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['achalasia']


abstract: @entity3014 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity4624 ( @entity12847 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity16 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity375 suggest the modification of @entity1364 by @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity16 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity1 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity1364 in UV-irradiated @entity1 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity12847 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity59327 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity1364 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity12847 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity12847 -induced @entity137 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity12847 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity13285 transversion. @entity12847 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity59327 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity1364 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity12847 -induced mutations in the @entity59327 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity12847 -exposed @entity1 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity105 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of @entity376 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects @entity1 lung cells against XXXX -induced mutagenicity.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['error-free damage']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['Benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity59327 :: ('p|SUB|K|63|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['K63R']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity4624 :: ('CHEBI:30614', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['chemical carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity4624 :: (CHEBI:30614,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene-diol-epoxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the clinical status and long-term outcome in @entity1 with @entity299 as well as @entity296 with @entity1002 . However, quantification of RV characteristics and function are still challenging due to its complex morphology and its thin wall with coarse trabeculations. To assess RV functions quantitatively, establishing the @entity1 -specific model from medical images is a prerequisite task. This study aims to develop a novel method for RV model reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and preprocessed. Contours of right ventricle, right atrium and pulmonary artery were manually delineated at all slices and all time frames. The contour coordinates as well as the medical image specifications such as image pixel resolution and slick thickness were exported. The contours were transformed to the correct positions. Reorientation and matching were executed in between neighboring contours; extrapolation and interpolation were conducted upon all contours. After preprocessing, the more dense point set was reconstructed through a variational tool. A Delaunay-based tetrahedral mesh was generated on the region of interest. The weighted minimal surface model was used to describe RV surface. The graphcuts technique, i.e., max-flow/min-cut algorithm, was applied to minimize the energy defined by the model. The reconstructed surface was extracted from the mesh according to the mincut. Smoothing and remeshing were performed. The CPU time to reconstruct the model for one frame was approximately 2 minutes. In 10 consecutive subjects referred for cardiac MRI (80% female), right ventricular volumes were measured using our method against the commercial available CMRtools package. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes between our method and commercial software (r= 0.89 for end-diastolic volume and r=0.79 for end-systolic volume, both P<;0.0001). The time to obtain right ventricular volumes was shorter using our method than commercial one. In conclusion, a new method for right ventricle reconstruction has been developed. We envisage that this automatic modeling tool could be used by radiographer and cardiologists to assess the RV function in diverse @entity299 .

title: Graph-cuts based reconstructing @entity1 specific right ventricle: First XXXX study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Constraints on resources and time often render treatments for @entity148 such as psychological interventions impracticable, while synthetic anxiolytic drugs are effective, but are often burdened with adverse events. Options which are effective and safe would be of considerable interest and a welcome addition to the therapeutic repertoire. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety as reported in rigorous clinical trials of kava extract compared with placebo for treating @entity148 . SEARCH STRATEGY: All publications describing (or which might describe) randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of kava extract for @entity148 were sought through electronic searches on EMBASE, MEDLINE, AMED (British Library), CISCOM (Research Council for Complementary Medicine, London), Central/CCTR and CCDANCTR. The search terms that were used were kava, kawa, kavain, Piper methysticum and Rauschpfeffer (German common name for Piper methysticum). Additionally, manufacturers of kava preparations and experts on the subject were contacted and asked to contribute published and unpublished material. Hand-searches of relevant medical journals (Erfahrungsheilkunde 1996 - 2002, Forsch Komplement  rmed Klass Naturheilkd 1994 - 2002, Phytomed 1994 - 2002, Alt Comp Ther 1995 - 2002), conference proceedings (e.g. FACT - Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies 1996 - 2002) and our own files were conducted. The searches were updated to August 2002. No restrictions regarding the language of publication were imposed. SELECTION CRITERIA: To be included studies were required to be randomised, controlled trials (RCTs), i.e. trials with a randomised generation of allocation sequences, and conducted placebo-controlled and double-blind, i.e. trials with blinding of @entity1 and care providers. Trials using oral preparations containing kava extract as the only component (mono-preparation) were considered. Trials using single constituents of kava extract alone, assessing kava extract as one of several active components in a combination preparation or as a part of a combination therapy were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted systematically according to @entity1 characteristics, interventions and results. Methodological quality of all trials was evaluated using the standard scoring system developed by Jadad and colleagues. The screening of studies, selection, data extraction, validation and the assessment of methodological quality were performed independently by the two reviewers. Disagreements in the evaluation of individual trials were resolved through discussion. MAIN RESULTS: Eleven trials with a total of 645 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis of six studies using the total score on the Hamilton Anxiety scale as a common outcome measure suggests a significant reduction in @entity1 receiving kava extract compared with @entity1 receiving placebo (weighted mean difference: 5.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 8.8; p = 0.01; n = 345). Adverse events as reported in the reviewed trials were mild, transient and infrequent. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Compared with placebo, kava extract appears to be an effective symptomatic treatment option for @entity148 . The data available from the reviewed studies suggest that kava is relatively safe for short-term treatment (1 to 24 weeks), although more information is required. Further rigorous investigations, particularly into the long-term safety profile of kava are warranted.

title: Kava extract for treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'participants']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated how apes allocated their choices between 2 food options that varied in terms of their quantity and quality. Experiment 1 tested whether subjects preferred an AB option over an A option, where the A item is preferred to the B item (e.g., apple + @entity10786 vs. apple). Additionally, we tested whether the length of the intertrial interval (ITI) affected subjects' choices. Five @entity17055 , 4 @entity17056 , 7 @entity4839 , and 10 @entity831 received 3 types of trials: preference (A vs. B), quantity (AA vs. A), and mixed (AB vs. A where A is the preferred food). We used 3 food items that substantially differed in terms of preference ( @entity10786 , apples, and pellets). Subjects showed no overall preference for the mixed option (AB) compared with the single option (A), even though they showed clear preferences during both the preference and quantity trials. The intertrial length had no effect on choice behavior. Experiment 2 further explored apes' choices by using 3 highly preferred food items (bananas, grapes, and pellets) in 6 @entity17055 , 4 @entity17056 , 8 @entity4839 , and 18 @entity831 . Unlike the results of Experiment 1, apes generally chose the mixed option. Our results indicated that apes did not show a general "selective-value" effect but chose depending on the relative value of the food items involved. Subjects were more likely to select the mixed over the single option when (a) the mixed option was composed of items that were closer in value and (b) they were compared against the less valuable item forming the mixed option. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Differences in Between-Reinforcer Value Modulate the Selective-Value Effect in Great Apes (Pan Troglodyes, @entity4839 , XXXX , Pongo Abelii).

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity17056 :: (9593,Species) :: ['Gorilla Gorilla']


abstract: A target animal safety study investigated the effects of providing @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ) as a replacement for @entity3875 in pelleted @entity233 feeds. Five groups of @entity233 were fed diets containing @entity3875 at 68.9 micrograms/kg feed (control) or @entity14282 at concentrations of 49.5 (0.5x), 99 (1x), 495 (5x) or 990 (10x) micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed. The effects of @entity14282 or @entity3875 on performance, health, hematology, gross pathology and tissue concentrations of @entity14282 in female and male @entity233 were compared at 112 days of feeding. There was no significant difference from control in pen body weight in any of the groups. When feed conversion was calculated without taking into account body weights of birds that died during the study, there was no significant difference from control in any of the groups. When feed conversion was corrected for mortality, the only significant effect was that females at the 5x level (495 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) had improved feed conversion. Significantly increased mortality occurred during the study in the 10x (990 micrograms @entity14282 /kg feed) male group only. No histomorphologic tissue alterations attributable to dietary administration of @entity14282 were observed in tissues examined at any dietary level of @entity14282 . @entity14282 did not adversely affect animal health at the proposed use level of 99 micrograms/kg feed when replacing @entity3875 in @entity233 rations. The proposed use level also provides at least a 5-fold margin of safety.

title: Safety of @entity14951 as a source of @entity3875 in XXXX rations.

entities_list: @entity233 :: ('9103', 'Species') :: ['turkey', 'turkeys']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D3']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkey']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4756 and opioid peptides play a central role in @entity158 transmission, modulation and inhibition. The treatment of @entity158 is very important in medicine and many studies using @entity9766 antagonists failed to show significant analgesic effects in @entity1 . Recent investigations suggest that both pronociceptive tachykinins and the analgesic opioid systems are important for normal @entity158 sensation. The analysis of opioid peptides in @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cord tissues offers a great opportunity to verify the influence of the tachykinin system on specific opioid peptides. The objectives of this study were to develop an HPLC-MS/MRM assay to quantify targeted peptides in spinal cord tissues. Secondly, we wanted to verify if the @entity10501 (-/-) @entity19 endogenous opioid system is hampered and therefore affects significantly the @entity158 modulatory pathways. Targeted neuropeptides were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Our results reveal that EM-2, Leu-Enk and Dyn A were down-regulated in @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cord tissues. Interestingly, Dyn A was almost 3 fold down-regulated (p<0.0001). No significant concentration differences were observed in @entity19 @entity10501 (-/-) spinal cords for Met-Enk and @entity12819 . The analysis of @entity10501 (-/-) @entity19 spinal cords revealed noteworthy decreases of EM-2, Leu-Enk and Dyn A concentrations which strongly suggest a significant impact on the endogenous @entity158 -relieving mechanisms. These observations may have insightful impact on future analgesic drug developments and therapeutic strategies.

title: Liquid chromatography-electrospray linear ion trap mass spectrometry analysis of targeted neuropeptides in XXXX (-/-) @entity19 spinal cords reveals significant lower concentration of opioid peptides.

entities_list: @entity4756 :: ('MESH:D015320', 'Chemical') :: ['Tachykinin']

answer: @entity10501 :: (21333(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Tac1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data describing the true extent of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-induced @entity2299 and @entity2690 resistance in perinatally infected @entity1 on ART in Africa are sparse. METHODS: Fasting total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity1674 , @entity2690 and @entity413 were performed on the first 100 of 190 pediatric ART clinic attendees. Diet assessment was performed by a trained dietician. @entity3388 was formally graded by consensus between 2 expert @entity645 pediatricians. Durations of previous ART exposures, clinical stage, pre-ART viral load, nadir and current @entity404 were recorded. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed on a subset of 42 @entity1 selected semi-randomly. RESULTS: Prevalences of @entity2690 resistance, abnormal total @entity165 , LDL, HDL and @entity412 were 10%, 13%, 12%, 13% and 9%, respectively. Overall, 40% had at least 1 lipid abnormality or @entity2690 resistance. Adjusted mean LDL @entity165 increased by 0.24 mmol/L for each additional year of cumulative @entity5195 /r exposure (P = 0.03) after correcting for age, gender, body mass index, previous @entity14027 exposure, age at ART initiation, dietary fat and refined @entity1735 , whereas adjusted mean LDL @entity165 was 0.9 mmol/L higher in @entity1 exposed to efavirenz within the previous 6 months (P = 0.02). Adjusting for age, gender and ethnicity, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry revealed that greater trunk fat and lower peripheral subcutaneous fat were associated with elevated @entity1674 but not with total @entity165 , LDL, HDL or homeostatic model assessment. Similarly, the presence of visually obvious @entity3388 was associated with elevated @entity1674 but not with total @entity165 , LDL, HDL, homeostatic model assessment or @entity880 . CONCLUSIONS: Prevalences of @entity2690 resistance and @entity2299 were high. Cumulative @entity5195 is an independent risk factor for @entity2299 , with @entity488 exposure having only transitory effect.

title: High Prevalence of @entity2299 and XXXX Resistance in @entity645 -infected Prepubertal African Children on Antiretroviral Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14027 :: ('MESH:D018119', 'Chemical') :: ['stavudine']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5195 :: ('MESH:D061466', 'Chemical') :: ['lopinavir']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3388 :: ('MESH:C535905', 'Disease') :: ['Lipoatrophy', 'lipoatrophy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chloroquine-primaquine (CQ-PQ) continues to be the frontline therapy for radical cure of @entity3965 @entity311 . Emergence of CQ-resistant (CQR) @entity3965 parasites requires shifting to @entity507 combination therapies (ACTs), which imposes a significant financial, logistical, and safety burden. Monitoring therapeutic efficacy of CQ is thus important. Here we evaluated therapeutic efficacy of CQ-PQ for @entity3965 @entity311 in northeast Myanmar. We recruited 587 @entity1 with @entity3965 mono- @entity281 attending local @entity311 clinics during 2012-2013. These @entity1 received three daily doses of CQ at a total dose of 24 mg base/kg body weight and an 8-day PQ treatment (0.375 mg/kg/day) commencing at the same time as first CQ dose. Of the 401 @entity1 who finished 28-day follow-up, the cumulative incidence of recurrent @entity5895 was 5.20% (95% CI, 3.04%-7.36%). Among 361 (61%) @entity1 finishing 42-day follow-up, the cumulative incidence of recurrent blood stage @entity281 reached 7.98% (95% CI, 5.20%-10.76%). The cumulative risk of gametocyte carriage at day 28 and 42 was 2.21% (95% CI, 0.78%-3.64%) and 3.93% (95% CI, 1.94%-5.92%), respectively. Interestingly, all 15 @entity1 with recurrent gametocytemias were associated with concurrent asexual stages. Genotyping of recurrent parasites at the merozoite surface protein 3a locus among 12 @entity1 with recurrent @entity5895 within 28 days revealed that 10 of these were the same genotype as day 0, suggesting of recrudescence or relapse. Similar studies in 70 @entity1 in the same area in 2007 showed no recurrent @entity5895 within 28 days. Sensitivity to @entity503 of @entity3965 in northeastern Myanmar may be deteriorating.

title: Therapeutic Responses of @entity3965 Malaria to XXXX and Primaquine Treatment in Northeastern Myanmar.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['P. vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity507 :: ('MESH:C031327', 'Chemical') :: ['artemisinin']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia', 'parasitemias']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['Chloroquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Before introducing long-term @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk models in clinical practice, their external validity should be investigated. We assessed the validity of the CArdiovascular Monitoring Unit in Northern Italy (CAMUNI) 20-year risk score, developed in Northern Italy, and published previously, when applied to a population with different risk factors distribution and event incidence. METHODS: The validation sample consisted of 5307 35-69 year-old subjects (2418 @entity1 ) enrolled in Central Italy during the 1980s ( @entity21379 Istituto Superiore di Sanit   (MATISS) study). Baseline risk factor assessment and follow-up procedures, including MONICA definition of acute events, followed a shared protocol with the derivation cohorts. We estimated model calibration and discrimination (area under the ROC curve, AUC) in the validation set; as well as the net benefit of using the CAMUNI risk score as second-level screening in subjects at different levels of short-term risk. RESULTS: The 20-year risk of event was 14% in @entity1 and 7% in @entity1 . Model calibration was satisfactory, and the strength of the association between predictors and the endpoint was the same as in the derivation population. The AUC was 0.734 ( @entity1 ) and 0.802 ( @entity1 ). The net benefit of the CAMUNI score was 3.9 (95% confidence interval: 2.1-5.7) and 2.9 (1.7-4.3) in @entity1 and @entity1 at low 10-year risk, respectively. Among subjects at high short-term risk, a significant net benefit of 9.8 was observed in @entity1 only. A pooled CAMUNI-MATISS risk score is provided. CONCLUSIONS: In this low-incidence European population, long-term @entity65 prediction through the CAMUNI risk score is accurate and it has the potential to improve current primary prevention strategies based on short-term risk scores alone.

title: Validity of a long-term XXXX risk prediction equation for low-incidence populations: The CAMUNI-MATISS Cohorts Collaboration Study.

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity21379 :: ('MESH:C535602', 'Disease') :: ['Malattia ATerosclerotica']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: We have investigated factors affecting stability at the subunit-subunit interface of the dimeric enzyme @entity46829 dehydrogenase (IPMDH) from @entity3881 . Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace @entity1853 256, a key residue in the subunit interaction, with other @entity1522 . Thermal stability against irreversible inactivation of the mutated enzymes was examined by analyzing the residual activity after heat treatment. The mutations @entity70603 and @entity70604 increased thermostability by 2.0 and 6.0 degrees C, respectively, whereas the mutations @entity70605 and @entity70606 had no effect. Thermostability of the @entity70607 mutated enzyme was 4.0 degrees C lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. To our surprise, increasing the hydrophobicity of residue 256 within the hydrophobic core of the enzyme resulted in a lower thermal stability. The mutated enzymes showed an inverse correlation between thermostability and the volume of the side chain at position 256. Based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of @entity526 IPMDH, the environment around M256 in the @entity3881 homolog is predicted to be sterically crowded. These results suggest that Met256 prevents favorable packing. Introduction of a smaller @entity535 at position 256 improves the packing and stabilizes the dimeric structure of IPMDH. The van der Waals volume of the @entity535 residue at the hydrophobic subunit interface is an important factor for maintaining the stability of the subunit-subunit interface and is not always optimized in the mesophilic IPMDH enzyme.

title: Increased thermal stability against irreversible inactivation of XXXX dehydrogenase induced by decreased van der Waals volume at the subunit interface.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity46829 :: ('MESH:C025313', 'Chemical') :: ['3-isopropylmalate']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis', 'B.subtilis']

answer: @entity46829 :: (MESH:C025313,Chemical) :: ['3-isopropylmalate']


abstract: Mutations in mtDNA are found in most @entity5 . In this study, we studied the role of @entity5 cell mutant mtDNA in tumorigenesis. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of three different @entity0 cell lines and found that all three, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, contained mutations in mtDNA. MDA-MB-435 cells contained a mutation in the @entity3915 ) gene known to be involved in pathogenesis of @entity2383 . We generated a mutant cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) by repopulating the recipient rho(0) (completely devoid of mtDNA) cells with donor mtDNA derived from an enucleated @entity0 cell line. An isogenic wild-type cybrid was produced by transfer of normal mtDNA from a healthy donor. When compared to the wild type, we found that mutant mtDNA increases mitochondrial membrane potential. However, this increase in mitochondrial membrane potential was not associated with increase in reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. MtDNA mutations conferred resistance to apoptosis triggered by @entity2879 . Our study also revealed that mutations in mtDNA increase metastatic potential. Using a tail-vein model of @entity3 in a @entity19 model, we show that the mutant cybrid metastatizes to the lungs and forms macrometastic foci. Additionally we found that mutations in mtDNA constitutively activate the @entity13959 / @entity584 pathway that contributes to increased metastatis. Together our study demonstrates that mutant mtDNA promotes apoptotic resistance and @entity3 in a @entity19 model.

title: @entity5 cell mitochondria confer apoptosis resistance and promote XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['MDA-MB-435 breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial diseases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Monocytes/macrophages are believed to play roles in @entity729 (VC). Here, we analyzed whether @entity1096 ( @entity1096 ) and @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) might exert effects by promoting macrophage polarization into an anti-inflammatory phenotype in the @entity1 with @entity101 ( @entity101 )-related VC.(Figure is included in full-text article.) DESIGN AND METHOD:: In this study, 412 @entity101 @entity1 with or without VC were identified by using artery electronic calculators tomography(fig 1). Histological analysis was performed in the samples of aortic blood vessel from calcified vessels. @entity1 peripheral blood @entity5750 + monocytes including M1   like @entity2935 + and M2   like @entity11772 + cells were analysised by flow cytometery. The effects on M1 and M2 macrophages corrlated with cytokines and chemokines were assessed by qPCR. RESULTS: We show that in @entity101 @entity1 ,VC was correlated with higher systolic pressure,the higher incidence and more intima-media thickness of the @entity543 and was associated with arterial stiffness(including higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, aortic systolic pressure, augment pressure, augment index(P<0.05)). Furthermore, The phenotype of M1   like monocyte/macrophages was significantly increasesd in @entity101 @entity1 with VC (P<0.05)(Fig 3). Although both Serum @entity1096 and @entity2159 levels increased in @entity101 @entity1 with VC, they significantly upregulated anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages marks (P<0.05) and only @entity1096 downregulated pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages marks. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotype of M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages is promoted by VC(fig 2). The ability of @entity1096 and @entity2159 to promote differentiation of macrophages into an alternative, anti-inflammatory phenotype may explain their protective effects in VC of @entity101 @entity1 . These data provide novel insight into the link between inflammtion and VC diseases.

title: 9A.03: XXXX AND @entity2159 ACTIVATE MONOCYTES INTO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES IN THE @entity1 WITH HYPERTENSION-RELATED VASCULAR CALCIFICATION.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['plaque of carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

answer: @entity1096 :: (6696,Gene) :: ['OSTEOPONTIN']


abstract: To evaluate the significance of alterations in cell adhesion-related genes methylation during lung multistep @entity105 induced by the genotoxic carcinogens @entity5954 ( @entity9623 ) and @entity107 ( @entity108 ), tissue samples microdissected from @entity9623 / @entity108 -induced @entity35 lung @entity105 model were subjected to methylation-specific PCR to evaluate the DNA methylation status of @entity71960 , @entity11019 , @entity17937 and @entity17935 . Immunohistochemistry was used to determine protein expression of @entity71960 , @entity11019 , @entity17935 and the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a and 3b. @entity17937 hypermethylation was not detected in any tissue. @entity71960 , @entity11019 and @entity17935 hypermethylation was correlated with the loss of their protein expression during the progression of pathologic lesions. The prevalence of DNA methylation of at least one gene and the average number of methylated genes increased with the histological progression. @entity14923 and @entity54389 protein expression increased progressively during the stages of lung @entity105 , whereas @entity54390 overexpression was only found in several samples. Furthermore, @entity14923 protein expression levels were correlated with @entity71960 methylation, and @entity54389 protein expression levels were correlated with @entity71960 , @entity11019 and @entity17935 methylation. The average number of methylated genes during @entity105 was significantly correlated with @entity14923 and @entity54389 protein expression levels. Moreover, mRNA expression of @entity71960 significantly increased after treatment with DNMT inhibitor @entity11508 in @entity71960 -methylated @entity5 cell lines. Our findings suggest that an accumulation of hypermethylation accounts for cell adhesion-related gene silencing is associated with dynamic changes in the progression of @entity9623 / @entity108 -induced @entity35 lung @entity105 . We suggest that @entity14923 and @entity54389 protein overexpression may be responsible for this aberrant DNA methylation.

title: Aberrant methylation accounts for cell adhesion-related gene silencing during @entity5954 and @entity107 induced multistep @entity35 lung XXXX associated with overexpression of @entity54389 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As supplement to @entity984 mutational analysis, @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations as well as expression of @entity983 may account for additional non-responders to anti- @entity470 -MoAbs treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate the utility as biomarkers of these mutations in a uniform cohort of @entity1 with metastatic @entity14 treated with third-line cetuximab/ @entity2600 . METHODS: One-hundred-and-seven @entity1 were prospectively included in the study. Mutational analyses of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 were performed on DNA from confirmed malignant tissue using commercially available kits. Loss of @entity983 and @entity470 was assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: DNA was available in 94 @entity1 . The frequency of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity10160 mutations were 44%, 3% and 14%, respectively. All were non-responders. EGF receptor status by IHC and loss of @entity983 failed to show any clinical importance. @entity984 and @entity817 were mutually exclusive. Supplementing @entity984 analysis with @entity817 and @entity10160 identified additional 11% of non-responders. @entity1 with any mutation had a high risk of early progression, whereas triple-negative status implied a response rate (RR) of 41% (p<0.001), a disease control (DC) rate of 73% (p<001), and a significantly higher PFS of 7.7(5.1-8.6 95%CI) versus 2.3 months (2.1-3.695%CI) (p<0.000). CONCLUSION: Triple-negative status implied a clear benefit from treatment, and we suggest that @entity1 selection for third-line combination therapy with cetuximab/ @entity2600 could be based on triple mutational testing.

title: @entity470 related mutational status and association to clinical outcome of third-line cetuximab- @entity2600 in metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity3119 ( @entity3119 ) propose to switch @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity1 with @entity3119 . METHOD: 150 @entity1 with primary @entity3119 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity906 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity903 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity1 received @entity906 and 27 received @entity903 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity1 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity3595 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity903 (15/27) and 19% for @entity906 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity906 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity903 group. After 2 consecutive @entity3595 trials, 109 of 150 @entity1 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity3595 , and that @entity903 was more efficacious than @entity906 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity3595 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity1 with @entity3119 .

title: A double-blind switch study of @entity903 and @entity906 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder', 'OCD']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['obsessive-compulsive disorder']


abstract: AIM: (i) To map the spatial distribution of absolute @entity227 ( @entity1582 ) in @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 and to compare the findings with @entity1582 in normal individuals, and (ii) to describe the relationship between the major risk factors for absolute loss (gender, age, cumulative dose), and the severity of field loss, expressed as the number of locations with @entity1582 per eye. METHODS: Visual field plots were retrospectively reviewed from 428 individuals. Perimetry was done with the T  bingen Automated Perimeter (using a threshold-oriented, marginally supraliminal strategy, 80   eccentricity, 99 test locations). Three hundred and sixty-one individuals were ophthalmologically normal, and 67 were @entity1 exposed to @entity5305 who had performed reliably during perimetry prior to neurosurgery for @entity302 . Two hundred and sixty-six of the 361 normals were included on the empirical basis that they manifested @entity1582 at no more than 19 stimulus locations per eye (the 74th percentile). The frequency per eye of @entity1582 at each of 99 stimulus locations was determined for the normals and @entity1 . The effects of age, gender and cumulative dose of @entity5305 on the number of ALs per individual was assessed by an analysis of covariance. A stochastic model was developed to determine the 50% probability of @entity1582 at each location. RESULTS: Thirty-nine of the 67 @entity5305 @entity1 exhibited at least 20 locations with @entity1582 . The number of ALs was independent of age (p    =    0.7603). The frequency of @entity1582 was 14.8% in the peripheral field and 1.0% in the central field (odds ratio 16.7; 95% CI 15.0-18.6%; p    <    0.0001). Those exposed to @entity5305 exhibited a frequency of 17.1% ALs, compared to 5.2% for the normal individuals (odds ratio 3.77, 95% CI 3.6-4.0%; p    <    0.0001). According to the modelled data, males exhibited 20.9% (95% CI 1.3-44%; p    =    0.0360) more absolute losses than did females. The number of absolute losses per @entity1 doubled with an increase in cumulative dose of @entity5305 of 936 g (95% CI 775-1181  g). CONCLUSIONS: According to this retrospective study, the spatial configuration of @entity154 attributable to @entity5305 indicates sparing of the temporal field up to approximately 60   eccentricity. Such a finding is likely to explain, at least in part, the initially asymptomatic nature of the defect. This study reconfirms a (cumulative) dose effect of @entity5305 on the extent of absolute field loss, with a greater risk for male gender.

title: Modelling the topography of @entity154 in XXXX exposed to the anti- @entity302 drug @entity5305 and in normal subjects using automated static suprathreshold perimetry of the entire 80   visual field.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['absolute defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity101 is common in China. There have been 3,500 surgically treated cases reported since 1978. Of these, 97.8% were intrahepatic, of which 49.1% were @entity82 and 41.0% were schistosomatic. Portosystemic shunting was performed in 59.9% of the cases and portacaval shunting was performed in one third, with an operative mortality of 0% to 7%. The rebleeding rate was 4.0% to 24.1%. The five-year or greater survival rate was 63.8% to 83.0%. The rate of portal-azygous disconnection surgery has increased in recent years, constituting 40.1% of the various types of operation. In contrast with the viewpoint in Western countries, prophylactic operation is available. When treating @entity548 , most authors have preferred nonoperative treatment, but operation should not be delayed if this fails. The operative mortality of @entity1 undergoing emergency portosystemic shunting was 16% to 44%; in @entity1 undergoing portalazygous disconnection it was 7.1% to 44.3%.

title: Operations for portal XXXX in China.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['postnecrotic cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['acute bleeding']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of topical @entity7115 (Caprogel) in the management of @entity5891 . DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. @entity1 : A total of 51 @entity1 participated in this trial (power = 36%, 2-tailed test). INTERVENTION: @entity1 presenting with @entity5891 were randomly assigned to 5-day treatment with topical @entity7115 or a placebo gel. @entity1 were monitored daily with ocular examination and vital sign testing for the 5 days of treatment and at 24 and 48 hours after treatment. General physical examination and laboratory testing were performed at baseline and day 5. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main efficacy variable was the rate of rebleeding. Secondary efficacy variables included time to @entity5891 clearance, intraocular pressure, time to secondary @entity548 , and visual acuity. Safety variables included adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory measurements. RESULTS: Rebleeding occurred in 30% of the placebo group (8 of 27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14-50%), versus 8% of the treatment group (2 of 24; 95% CI = 1-27%), for an estimated continuity-corrected difference in percentage of @entity1 with @entity548 of 17% (95% CI = -3-38%). Secondary efficacy variables were similar in the groups, except that there was a trend towards more visual improvement in the topical @entity7115 group (54%) than in the placebo group (30%) at the last measurement (P = 0.08). Adverse events were similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that topical @entity7115 is safe and demonstrates trends towards reducing the rebleeding rate in the management of @entity5891 . However, because the study was terminated before complete enrollment, more definitive recommendations will require a larger trial.

title: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of topical XXXX (Caprogel) in the management of @entity5891 .

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5891 :: ('MESH:D006988', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic hyphema', 'hyphema']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity7115 :: (MESH:D000614,Chemical) :: ['aminocaproic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To monitor @entity989 ( @entity989 ) @entity194 progression during antiangiogenic therapy of neovascular @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ) over 2 years using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN: Prospective interventional case series. METHODS: setting: Clinical practice. STUDY POPULATION: Thirty @entity1 (31 eyes) with treatment-na  ve neovascular @entity1020 . OBSERVATION PROCEDURES: Standard intravitreal therapy (0.5  mg ranibizumab) was administered monthly during the first year and pro re nata (PRN; as-needed) during the second year. Spectral-domain (SD) OCT and polarization-sensitive OCT (selectively imaging the @entity989 ) examinations were performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24  months using a standardized protocol. @entity989 -related changes were evaluated using a semi-automated polarization-sensitive OCT segmentation algorithm and correlated with SD OCT and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) findings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity989 response, @entity10691 ( @entity10691 ) progression. RESULTS: Atrophic @entity989 changes included @entity989 thinning, @entity989 porosity, focal @entity1713 , and development of @entity10691 . Early @entity989 loss (ie, @entity989 porosity, focal @entity194 ) increased progressively during initial monthly treatment and remained stable during subsequent PRN-based therapy. @entity10691 developed in 61% of eyes at month 24. Mean @entity10691 area increased from 0.77  mm(2) at 12  months to 1.10  mm(2) (standard deviation  = 1.09  mm(2)) at 24  months. Reactive accumulation of @entity989 -related material at the lesion borders increased until month 3 and subsequently decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive @entity1713 and @entity10691 developed in the majority of eyes. @entity989 migration signifies certain @entity989 plasticity. Polarization-sensitive OCT specifically images @entity989 -related changes in neovascular @entity1020 , contrary to conventional imaging methods. Polarization-sensitive OCT allows for precisely monitoring the sequence of @entity989 -related morphologic changes.

title: Progression of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Atrophy in Antiangiogenic Therapy of Neovascular Age-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10691 :: ('MESH:D057092', 'Disease') :: ['GA', 'geographic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['RPE atrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelial', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['AMD', 'age-related macular degeneration']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['Macular Degeneration']


abstract: Resistance to the broad spectrum of chemotherapeutic agents in @entity5 cell lines and @entity5 has been called multiple drug resistance (MDR). In this study, the molecular mechanisms of resistance to two anticancer agents ( @entity1311 and @entity1891 ) in @entity189 cell line MCF-7 were investigated. Drug resistant sublines to @entity1311 (MCF-7/Pac) and @entity1891 (MCF-7/ @entity23844 ) that were developed from sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/S) were used. cDNA microarray analysis was performed for the RNA samples of sensitive and resistant cells in duplicate experiments. GeneSpring GX 7.3.1 Software was used in data analysis. The results indicated that the upregulation of @entity1262 gene is the dominating mechanism of the @entity1311 and @entity1891 drug resistance. Additionally the upregulation of the genes encoding the detoxifying enzymes (i.e. @entity4191 ) was observed. Significant downregulation of apoptotic genes (i.e. @entity72497 ) and upregulation of some cell cycle regulatory genes ( @entity986 , @entity7596 etc.) was seen which may be in close relation to MDR in @entity0 . Drug resistant @entity5 cells exhibit different gene expression patterns depending on drug treatment, and each drug resistance phenotype is probably genetically different. Further functional studies are needed to demonstrate the complete set of genes contributing to the drug resistance phenotype in @entity0 cells.

title: A microarray based expression profiling of @entity1311 and XXXX resistant MCF-7 cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['mammary carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1595 ( @entity1595 ) is a rare @entity74 caused by the bacteria @entity1599 . In its classic form, it manifests with @entity344 including @entity294 , @entity490 , and @entity353 . However, various other systems can be affected, including the central nervous system (CNS). Even more rarely, the CNS is primarily affected without @entity344 and with a negative small bowel biopsy. The incidence of primary CNS @entity1595 is unknown. We report the case of a young female with the primary CNS form of @entity1595 . In this report, we highlight the main clinical features and diagnostic procedures that lead to the diagnosis and comment on the treatment and clinical response. We stress the importance of neuroimaging and brain biopsy. A unique feature of this case is that the @entity1 has been followed up for 12 years. At the time of diagnosis, no neurological manifestations were detected, although @entity5 in the right temporal lobe and hypothalamic infiltration were present on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The first neurological manifestations developed 2 years later despite recommended antibiotic treatment, with @entity73 developing more than 10 years later. According to the MRI findings and clinical course, the disease was active for several years when @entity75 on MRI appeared despite antibiotic therapy. In the discussion, we compare the present case with similar cases previously reported and we elaborate on the similarities and discrepancies in clinical features, diagnostic procedures, results, and treatment options.

title: Primary XXXX : case report with long-term clinical and MRI follow-up.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['a tumor-like lesion']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['multiple lesions']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms', 'gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity1595 :: ('MESH:D008061', 'Disease') :: ['Whipple disease', 'WD']

entities_list: @entity1599 :: ('2039', 'Species') :: ['Tropheryma whipplei']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disorder']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Whipple disease of the brain']


abstract: @entity16126 normally causes mucous and @entity294 stool as predominant symptoms, thus leading to a course of @entity1960 . However, though rare, there exists a fulminating type that causes @entity24887 due to wide @entity39 of the large intestine. We encountered a case of @entity16126 that lead to death due to multiple large @entity24887 . The @entity1 was a 72-year-old female. The @entity1 was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of @entity221 , @entity490 , and @entity294 . She continued to have a @entity221 of over 38 degrees C and increased left @entity490 . An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed free gas on the abdominal side of the kidney. Therefore, gastrointestinal perforations were diagnosed and surgery was performed. In surgery, many perforated parts were observed from the appendix to the descending colon, and subtotal colectomy was performed. However, @entity295 and disseminated @entity5642 occurred, and the @entity1 died on the eighth postoperative day.

title: A case of XXXX with multiple large @entity24887 .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'bloody diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant amebic colitis', 'Amebic colitis']

entities_list: @entity1960 :: ('MESH:D003092', 'Disease') :: ['chronic colitis']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity24887 :: ('MESH:D007416', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal perforations']

answer: @entity16126 :: (MESH:D004404,Disease) :: ['fulminant amebic colitis']


abstract: AIM: Cardiac and @entity4148 contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity740 . The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a decline in GFR on @entity551 dipping. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprises 124 @entity1 (46 @entity1 , 78 @entity1 ; age 66  14 years) with CKD 3-5, not on renal replacement therapy. GFR was measured with @entity6111 clearance, HRV with 24-hour Holter ECG and nocturnal dipping with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. RESULTS: The GFR was 22.5  8.5ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) . The main finding was a significant curvilinear association between the 24 hour standard deviation of NN interval (24SDNN) in the HRV analysis and GFR (p=0.01), logGFR (p=0.006), @entity6 (p=0.05) and beta blocker treatment (0.03), respectively. The effect of @entity6 on 24SDNN corresponded to a decline in GFR from 30 to 12 ml/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) . There were significant curvilinear associations between systolic nocturnal dipping (p=0.02) and diastolic nocturnal dipping (p=0.05), respectively, and @entity6 but not with GFR or logGFR. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, cardiac sympathetic overdrive and decreased vagal control appear during CKD 4 and 5. The association with GFR is curvilinear. @entity6 was significantly associated with both @entity299 , as measured by heart rate variability and nocturnal blood pressure dipping, respectively. Knowing that @entity943 , often due to sympathetic @entity2915 , are an important cause of @entity944 in the dialysis population, this study contributes important knowledge on possible intervention thresholds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Relationship between declining GFR and measures of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity4148 :: ('MESH:D001342', 'Disease') :: ['vascular autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and vascular autonomic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate variability (HRV) and nocturnal blood pressure']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac and vascular autonomic neuropathy']


abstract: A dye exclusion method was used for testing the sensitivity of primary @entity1 @entity1582 and normal bone-marrow cells to interferon ( @entity3027 ). Following 4 days of incubation with 5000 units/ml of natural (n) @entity3027 , there was a greater than 90% decrease in the number of viable @entity1582 cells in cultures from some @entity1 , whereas @entity1582 cells from other @entity1 showed intermediate or no sensitivity to @entity3027 . The number of viable non-malignant bone-marrow cells (from the same @entity1 ) following a 4-day exposure to nIFN-alpha (5000 units/ml) decreased by 10-60%. Exposure of malignant and non-malignant bone-marrow cells to natural beta- and recombinant alpha- and gamma- @entity3027 , also induced a decrease in the number of viable cells. The decreased number of viable @entity1582 cells could be observed already after 1 day of exposure to @entity3027 in vitro. To test whether inhibition of proliferation could account for the observed effects, proliferation, as measured by @entity665 uptake, was studied in some experiments. Only approx. 1-2% of the @entity1582 cells were labeled with @entity665 during the 4 days of culture in vitro, whereas the proportion of labeled non-malignant cells was approx. 40%. Thus, the @entity3027 -induced reduction of cell number in normal bone-marrow cells could possibly be attributed to a cell multiplication inhibitory effect of @entity3027 , whereas the effect observed in @entity1582 cells cannot be attributed to cell multiplication inhibition. To test the possibility that the reduction in the number of @entity1582 cells could be attributed to the activity of autologous cytotoxic T-cells, NK-cells or macrophages, these cells were depleted in some experiments. Depletion of these cells did not, however, influence the @entity3027 -induced decrease in the number of viable @entity1582 cells. We thus conclude that @entity3027 can reduce the number of viable @entity5 cells by a cytotoxic effect, unrelated to cell multiplication inhibition.

title: Interferon exerts a cytotoxic effect on primary XXXX @entity1582 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity6241 ( @entity6241 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine whose function is only now being unraveled. Abundant evidence indicates that activated @entity1961 T cells are the primary, if not the only, source of @entity6241 . While it is clear that @entity6241 is actively transcribed by na  ve activated T cells, recent studies have shown that @entity6241 potentially promotes a developmental shift of na  ve T cells toward the Th2 phenotype. BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 develop an @entity792 similar to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting males earlier than females on account of the presence of the @entity27931 ( @entity27931 ) locus. Previous results indicate the elevation of @entity6241 expression by BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 at an age when the early characteristics of autoimmune processes first become evident. We set out to determine whether @entity6241 was necessary for disease progression in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 . @entity19 were treated for 24 weeks with soluble IL-21R-Fc in order to therapeutically neutralize the @entity6241 present. The results overall suggest a biphasic effect of @entity6241 , negatively influencing survival early on and positively influencing survival at later stages. We propose that @entity6241 exerts a pleiotropic effect in which it promotes the protective effects of CD8+ suppressor cells in the early disease phase and then promotes the humoral components of @entity1252 in the later disease stages. This experiment provides preliminary evidence for a role of @entity6241 in modulating the severity of @entity1252 in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 .

title: Treatment of BXSB- XXXX @entity19 with IL-21R-Fc fusion protein minimally attenuates @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity27931 :: ('107944(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Y-linked autoimmune acceleration', 'Yaa']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndrome']

answer: @entity27931 :: (107944(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Yaa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10211 is known to be the most effective treatment of severe and persistent acne. However, one of the most important adverse effects of this drug is known to be teratogenicity. In this regard, tests are administered before initiating the treatment, to assure that an unknown pregnancy is not present and accordingly, @entity1 are advised to take contraceptive precautions during their systemic @entity10211 treatments. On the contrary, many cases of unwanted pregnancies and relevant abortuses have been reported all over the world. In the Turkish literature, only a few reports have been identified about foetal exposure to @entity10211 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this respect, a study was carried out on fifty-seven female @entity1 , aiming to fulfil the gap of information mentioned above. Female @entity1 , with ages ranging between 14 and 35 years, were recruited to the study and they were administered @entity10211 treatments (cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg) for an average period of 6 months. The @entity1 were followed up during and after the treatment for a total period of 18 months. RESULTS: As a result, it has been observed that none of the @entity1 got pregnant during the treatment period and relevantly, no @entity854 were recorded. Moreover, none of the @entity1 got pregnant 12 months after the termination of the treatment. Additionally, the socio-demographic analysis of the @entity1 indicates that most of the @entity1 were single and 81% of the @entity1 were sexually inactive. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the low reportage of teratogenicity due to @entity10211 usage in @entity233 could be due to several reasons, such as the sociocultural profile of the female @entity1 undertaking the @entity10211 treatment, and strict adherence to contraceptive methods, and/or underreporting of teratogenic incidents due to lack of studies held in cooperation with obstetricians.

title: Systemic XXXX Treatment and Pregnancy: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abortuses or foetal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity10211 :: ('MESH:D015474', 'Chemical') :: ['isotretinoin', 'Isotretinoin']

answer: @entity10211 :: (MESH:D015474,Chemical) :: ['Isotretinoin']


abstract: Floating beads were prepared from a @entity14917 solution containing @entity16415 or @entity5993 as gas-forming agents. The solution was dropped to 1% @entity3282 solution containing 10% @entity1543 for @entity515 gas and gel formation. The effects of gas-forming agents on bead size and floating properties were investigated. As gas-forming agents increased, the size and floating properties increased. Bead porosity and volume average pore size, as well as the surface and cross-sectional morphology of the beads were examined with @entity349 porosimetry and Scanning Electron Microscopy. @entity5993 significantly increased porosity and pore diameter than @entity16415 . Incorporation of @entity16415 into alginate solution resulted in smoother beads than those produced with @entity5993 . Gel strength analysis indicated that bead strength decreased with increasing gas-forming agent from 9 to 4 N. Beads incorporating @entity16415 exhibited significantly increased gel strength over control and @entity5993 -containing samples. Release characteristics of @entity8728 as a model drug were studied in vitro. Release rate of @entity8728 increased proportionally with addition of @entity5993 . However, increasing weight ratios of @entity16415 did not appreciably accelerate drug release. The results of these studies indicate that @entity16415 is superior to @entity5993 as a gas forming agent in alginate bead preparations. The enhanced buoyancy and sustained release properties of @entity16415 -containing beads make them an excellent candidate for floating drug dosage systems (FDDS).

title: Preparation of alginate beads for floating drug delivery system: effects of XXXX gas-forming agents.

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['Mercury']

entities_list: @entity14917 :: ('MESH:C008970', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium alginate']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity515 :: (CHEBI:29334,Chemical) :: ['CO(2)']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity927 ( @entity928 ) is an antifibrinolytic drug that was shown to increase survival in @entity130 @entity1 , but the mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this double-blinded, randomized placebo-controlled study was to determine if @entity928 with @entity551 resuscitation with Hextend (HEX) or fresh frozen plasma (FFP) reduced @entity190 ( @entity190 ) and improved survival in a model of uncontrolled @entity548 . METHODS: Instrumented, anesthetized @entity1707 (n = 11 per group) were subjected to 24-mL/kg controlled @entity548 , followed by transection of the spleen. After 15 minutes of bleeding, @entity928 (1.43 mg/kg/min) or normal saline (NS) was given over 10 minutes, and then 15-mL/kg HEX or FFP was administered. At 90 minutes, a second infusion of @entity928 or NS was given. @entity190 , coagulation status, and 5-hour survival were determined. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was added to blood samples collected before and after @entity928 administration to confirm that the @entity928 inhibited fibrinolysis. In addition, a comparison of a dose response to tPA-induced fibrinolysis was made between @entity1707 and @entity1 plasma in vitro. RESULTS: @entity928 prevented the rise in d-dimers that occurred after @entity130 . However, there was no significant effect of @entity928 on survival or @entity190 compared with NS with HEX (HEX + NS, 17    2 mL/kg vs. HEX + @entity928 , 17    2 mL/kg) or FFP (FFP + NS, 7    2 mL/kg vs. FFP + @entity928 , 12    3 mL/kg), while FFP significantly reduced @entity190 and increased survival compared with HEX in the NS-treated animals. The tPA-induced fibrinolysis was inhibited in the blood from @entity928 -treated animals, yet in fibrinolysis sensitivity studies, @entity1 plasma was 30 times more sensitive to tPA-induced fibrinolysis than @entity1707 plasma. CONCLUSION: @entity928 did not reduce @entity190 , even though @entity928 was antifibrinolytic in the @entity1707 . The possibility remains that the @entity1707 is highly resistant to fibrinolysis and not a good model to study the effects of antifibrinolytics or that fibrinolysis is not a major factor in bleeding from @entity130 .

title: Double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of early @entity927 treatment in @entity1707 uncontrolled XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['BL', 'blood loss']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['splenic injury', 'spleen injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: A study on mainly non-cancer-related @entity158 @entity1 was performed concerning clinical @entity1 data used for @entity158 history-taking and diagnosis. More than 2100 consecutive @entity1 referred to the anaesthetic branch of the @entity158 Centre (MPC) were evaluated at the first visit. The use of a paper questionnaire, including a @entity158 and @entity158 intensity Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was analysed. In a substudy of more than 290 consecutive @entity1 , data from a computerised questionnaire and database was analysed. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30) (version 2.0) was used for recording of the Global Health Status/Quality of Life (GHS/QoL) score. The substudy also included the summarized mechanism-based evaluation of the @entity1 at the first visit, judged by a specialist in @entity158 medicine. The @entity1 ' GHS/QoL score was low. The most important @entity158 mechanisms, were nociceptive and peripheral neurogenic. The clinical use of these tools for @entity1 evaluation and for the choice of treatment is suggested. Information technology may be used for analysis of descriptive, evaluative, predictive and prognostic data in @entity158 @entity1 . It can also be used as a tool for clinical @entity158 research towards a mechanism-based evaluation. Evaluation of @entity1 quality of life and function is suitable for outcome research.

title: XXXX questionnaires in the analysis of long lasting (chronic) @entity158 conditions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-drawing', 'Multidisciplinary Pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: Prolonged phases of brain tissue @entity519 (ptiO2 < 10 mmHg) lead to @entity385 . Therefore, the present study investigates the role of ptiO2--monitoring to guide hypervolemic @entity101 therapy in @entity1 suffering from severe @entity510 ( @entity510 ). Besides transcranial doppler, neuromonitoring of ICP/CPP was supplemented by ptiO2 monitoring. The ptiO2 catheter was inserted into viable tissue in the vascular territory with the highest risk for @entity2553 . @entity1 were divided in an @entity1188 (n = 21) and a non- @entity1188 group (n = 11). Critical CPP (< 70 mmHg) as well as @entity519 ptiO2 (< 10 mmHg) was significantly more frequent in the @entity1188 group (CPP: 25 vs 13%, p < 0.001; ptiO2: 16 vs 7%, p < 0.001). In both groups, over 25% of the critical ptiO2 values occurred at a CPP > 90 mmHg. In the @entity1188 group, 13 @entity1 showed transient phases of @entity519 which normalized under induced hypervolemic @entity101 and 5 @entity1 developed persistent @entity519 . In the non- @entity1188 group 6 @entity1 showed transient @entity519 and in 5 @entity1 no @entity519 values could be found. In conclusion, monitoring of ptiO2 provides an additional independent parameter to detect @entity519 events and to guide therapy.

title: Therapeutic aspects of brain tissue pO2 monitoring after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['SAH', 'subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity510 :: (MESH:D013345,Disease) :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The spatial attention mechanisms of orienting and zooming cooperate to properly select visual information from the environment and plan eye movements accordingly. Despite the fact that orienting ability has been extensively studied in infancy, the zooming mechanism - namely, the ability to distribute the attentional resources to a small or large portion of the visual field - has never been tested before. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the attentional zooming abilities of 8-month-old @entity1 . An eye-tracker device was employed to measure the @entity24147 ( @entity24147 ) at the onset of a @entity227 at two eccentricities. The size of the more eccentric target was adjusted in order to counteract the effect of cortical magnification. Before the target display, attentional resources were automatically focused (zoom-in) or spread out (zoom-out) by using a small or large cue, respectively. Two different cue-target intervals were also employed to measure the time course of this attentional mechanism. The results showed that @entity1 ' @entity24147 varied as a function of the cue size. Moreover, a clear time course emerged, demonstrating that @entity1 can rapidly adjust the attentional focus size during a pre-saccadic temporal window. These findings could serve as an early marker for @entity245 associated with attentional zooming dysfunction such as @entity2438 and @entity5545 .

title: The attentional 'zoom-lens' in 8-month-old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual target displayed']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disorders']

entities_list: @entity24147 :: ('MESH:C537423', 'Disease') :: ['SLs', 'saccadic latencies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: We conducted a 4-year retrospective study (1996-1999) in order to assess the abdominal events in @entity1 on @entity298 ( @entity298 ), as well as the technique failure and the death incidence. We enrolled 127 @entity1 in two french dialysis centers, who presented 9 enteric @entity298 (13.2% of the total @entity298 episodes), occurring 7.6 +/- 7.9 months after @entity298 treatment. Surgery (8 @entity1 ) and definitive technique failure (7 @entity1 ) were necessary. @entity547 were the most frequent with 32.6% of the total abdominal complications. They were either umbilical (7 @entity1 ), or inguinal (5 @entity1 ) or hiatal (3 @entity1 ). Six @entity1 continued on @entity298 without disruption whereas 6 @entity1 had a transient stop and thereafter returned to @entity298 . The other abdominal complications such as @entity356 (5 @entity1 ), oesophagogastric reflux (5 @entity1 ), @entity409 (9 @entity1 ) occurred during @entity298 treatment without any relationship with the treatment modality. In the @entity6 population, abdominal complications were not more frequent but they took place more quickly than in the non @entity6 population (5.5 +/- 3.8 months versus 12.9 +/- 16.3 months with p < 0.01). A rapid diagnosis, especially in case of enteric @entity298 , is mandatory to avoid "abdominal catastrophes" mainly due to @entity130 . The incidence of @entity547 could be decreased if a good clinical approach is effective before @entity298 treatment.

title: [Abdominal complications in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'bacterial peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'Hernias']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal ulcus']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['visceral injury']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: We classified the radiologic findings of 93 @entity1 with acute or subacute @entity8007 ( @entity8007 ) disease by type and severity of the change in chest x-ray film. Acute radiologic changes, further divided as nodular, ground-glass, or striated patchy opacities, were found in 78/93 @entity1 at the first evaluation; 11 showed chronic changes (radiologic " @entity82 "), which persisted unchanged throughout the follow-up period; and four initially had a normal chest x-ray film. @entity1 were followed up 23 months on an average. The more severe the radiologic change at the first evaluation, the more impaired the diffusing capacity (Dsb). Severe radiologic changes disappeared more slowly than the less severe ones. The differences in the initial pulmonary function values between the two groups disappeared during the follow-up. The type of acute change did not predict the recovery of respiratory performance. Treatment with oral @entity288 did not affect the outcome of lung function or appearance of chronic changes, although corticosteroids seemed to hasten the disappearance of diffuse opacities. At the final evaluation, the chest x-ray film was normal in 55/93 @entity1 . Chronic changes were detected in 38 @entity1 . Severe radiologic appearance and striated patchy opacities predisposed to development of chronic changes.

title: Radiologic findings in XXXX . Prognosis and correlation to lung function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8007 :: ('MESH:D005203', 'Disease') :: ["farmer's lung", 'FL']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity8007 :: (MESH:D005203,Disease) :: ['farmer's lung']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first report of a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing the combination of @entity3446 or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Results at 6 months of follow-up are presented. METHODS: Before transplantation, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1140 plus @entity288 with @entity3446 (n=185) or @entity2098 (n=176). The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. @entity1 and graft survival, renal function, and composite endpoints also were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events. RESULTS: By 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups (13.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 11.4% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ; P=0.64 log-rank). @entity1 survival (97.3% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 97.7% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) and graft survival (93.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 95.5% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) were equivalent (P=0.53, overall survival log-rank). There was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in @entity1 receiving @entity3446 (21.1% vs. 10.8%; P=0.008). Renal function was significantly better in the @entity2098 -treatment group (serum @entity1011 1.44+/-0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77+/-1.42 mg/dL; P=0.018). @entity407 was significantly more prevalent in the @entity3446 -treatment group. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in @entity3446 -treated @entity1 . There were significantly more @entity1431 and gastrointestinal adverse events in the @entity2098 -treatment group. The incidence of @entity6 was 7.6% in the @entity3446 group and 7.7% in the @entity2098 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1140 is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with @entity3446 or @entity2098 . The @entity1140 - @entity2098 combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including @entity407 and @entity101 .

title: Randomized trial of @entity1140 in combination with @entity3446 or XXXX in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity618 :: (MESH:C063008,Chemical) :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antidepressant-induced @entity250 ( @entity250 ) is a common problem, associated with a significant risk of non-adherence. Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with a substantial risk of @entity250 . Only 10 % of @entity1 show spontaneous improvement during follow up period. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare two proposed medication ( @entity752 vs. @entity7776 ) in alleviating @entity250 in @entity1 treated with SSRIs. @entity1 AND METHODS: In a randomized, single-blinded, clinical trial in Iran, 46 @entity1 were recruited based on DSM-IV-TR criteria and semi-structured interview. Then, they were randomized into two treatment groups using table of random numbers. Eight @entity1 were excluded and finally 38 @entity1 completed the study which lasted for 4 weeks. Twenty @entity1 were given @entity752 , 18 @entity1 were randomly assigned to another group, and given @entity7776 . @entity1 were assessed with the Arizona sexual experience scale (ASEX) at baseline and 4 weeks after the treatment. RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity1 completed the study (18 @entity1 in @entity7776 vs. 20 @entity1 in @entity752 ).The mean ASEX scores gradually declined in both study groups during the trial. The reduction of ASEX score in @entity752 group was more than that of @entity7776 group that was statistically significant. So, the addition of @entity752 at higher doses appears to be more effective approach in comparison with @entity7776 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide empirical support for conducting a further study on comparing different add-on strategies for treating drug-induced @entity250 .

title: Comparing the Efficacy of @entity752 and @entity7776 on XXXX Induced by a Selective @entity750 Reuptake Inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'SD']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['Sexual Dysfunction']


abstract: The survival rate for @entity1 with @entity11 is poor. We describe the results of a prospective study using concomitant chemoradiotherapy, neutron boost, and adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity1 with @entity11 . Forty-two @entity1 with @entity816 ( @entity816 ) and @entity463 ( @entity463 ) were treated with postoperative photon radiation 45 Gy/25 fraction (fxs) with concomitant continuous intravenous infusion of @entity1487 at 300 mg/m2/day x 5 days and @entity1862 0.5 g orally every 12 hr for 6 days for 5 consecutive weeks, followed by a neutron boost of 450 N cGy/6 fxs delivered twice weekly. Adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity4174 , @entity11770 , and @entity1891 ( @entity1485 ) was given up to 1 year or until @entity5 progression. Thirty-four @entity1 (81%) had @entity463 and 8 @entity1 (19%) had @entity816 . Sixteen @entity1 (38%) were ineligible for the neutron boost because of large @entity5 or poor performance status and instead received a photon boost with concomitant chemotherapy for a total dose of 60-65 Gy to the @entity5 . The overall median survival is 68 weeks at a median follow-up of 203 weeks (range 166-302 weeks for the 11 @entity1 remaining alive); 7/8 @entity1 with @entity816 are alive, 2 of these with progressive disease. For @entity816 the median survival is not reached at a median follow-up of 203 weeks (range 166-302 weeks for the 7 @entity1 alive with @entity816 ). Time to @entity5 progression for the 1 dead @entity1 with @entity816 was 35 weeks and the other 2 @entity1 failed at 171 weeks and 179 weeks following treatment. The median survival for the 34 @entity1 with @entity463 was 62 weeks; 4/34 @entity1 with @entity463 are alive at 285, 238, 216, and 206 weeks. Multivariate survival analysis in the 34 @entity1 with @entity463 revealed age and Karnofsky performance status as important prognostic factors. Extent of surgery and neutrons did not affect survival. Concomitant chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated by all @entity1 . The only toxicities observed were @entity33 < or = grade II in 3 @entity1 (7%) and mild myelosuppression in 1 @entity1 (2.4%). Adjuvant @entity1485 was well tolerated. Continuous concomitant chemoradiotherapy was well tolerated by all @entity1 with acceptable side effects. The survival rate for the @entity1 with @entity463 suggests no significant impact on the prognosis for these @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity816 did well; however, the @entity1 numbers are small.

title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy, neutron boost, and adjuvant chemotherapy for XXXX and @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['anaplastic astrocytoma']