abstract: A technique for extended ambulatory @entity158 control after lumbar discectomy is described; preliminary results with 45 @entity1 are reported; and alternative methods of narcotic @entity1337 are reviewed. In this technique, an absorbable gelatin sponge (Gelfoam, Upjohn Co., Kalamazoo, MI) is contoured to the laminotomy defect, placed in @entity8745 (40-80 mg), and then injected with 2 to 4 mg of preservative-free @entity1286 (a small needle was used to fill the sponge). The sponge is placed over the defect before closure. A review of office and hospital records was conducted. The series consisted of 33 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 (mean age, 39 yr; range, 24-57 yr); records showed narcotic use in 34 @entity1 (parenteral in 3) and work-related @entity130 in 14 @entity1 . Thirty-three @entity1 were ambulatory postoperatively on the day of surgery; all were ambulatory by postoperative day (POD) 1. On the day of surgery, 18 @entity1 did not require any postoperative analgesics; on @entity773 , 22 @entity1 did not require analgesics. Six @entity1 received parenteral narcotics; four received one dose only, and two had two or more doses. Thirty-one @entity1 were discharged from the hospital on @entity773 , and 10 were discharged POD 2. The other @entity1 were discharged from the hospital on POD 3 (three @entity1 ) or POD 4 (one @entity1 ). When they were discharged, all @entity1 received a limited supply of @entity1443 with codeine for @entity158 control at home. After discharge, phone follow-up (at 1 week) and office follow-ups (at 3-5 weeks) revealed only one @entity1 with more than mild discomfort. Three @entity1 required one-time bladder catheterization, and one @entity1 had presumed @entity1512 1 month postoperatively. In a control group who had undergone surgery 3 months previously, the average day of discharge had been POD 3.07; no control @entity1 had been discharged on @entity773 , and only 20% had been discharged on POD 2. This method provides effective, safe, and extended @entity1337 after lumbar discectomy.

title: Lumbar discectomy: use of an epidural XXXX sponge for postoperative pain control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epidural pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity8745 :: ('MESH:C000873', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone acetate']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have suggested that childhood-onset @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is characterized by extensive intestinal involvement and rapid progression to complications. Here, we report the presentation and progression of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 during childhood in a population-based cohort from northern Stockholm County. METHODS: Medical records for all 280 @entity1 diagnosed in the period 1990-2007 with childhood-onset @entity29 in northern Stockholm County were followed until 2011 (median follow-up time, 8.8 yr). Disease phenotypes were classified according to the Paris pediatric @entity29 classification. RESULTS: Among the 74 @entity1 with @entity31 , 72% presented with pancolitis. Among the 200 @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 75% presented with @entity1960 . Complicated disease behavior was observed in 18% of @entity1 with @entity30 by end of follow-up. Extension of the disease territory was observed in 22% of @entity1 with @entity31 and 15% of @entity1 with @entity30 . The cumulative risk of intra-abdominal surgery after 10 years was 8% (95% confidence interval, 4%-20%) for @entity31 and 22% (95% confidence interval, 15%-28%) for @entity1 with @entity30 . Nonmucosal healing at 1 year was associated with a complicated disease course in @entity1 with @entity30 (hazard ratio = 14.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-118.68; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with childhood-onset @entity29 were characterized by extensive @entity1960 that was relatively stable over time and associated with a relatively low risk of complications and abdominal surgery. Our findings confirm the more extensive disease location in pediatric @entity29 but did not identify the proposed dynamic and aggressive nature of the childhood-onset phenotype. The association of nonmucosal healing with a complicated disease course suggests that endoscopy should guide treatment intensity in childhood-onset @entity30 .

title: Presentation and Progression of Childhood-Onset XXXX in Northern Stockholm County.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3094 is a local carcinogen in the digestive tract in @entity1 . @entity4726 leads to microbial colonization of the stomach, which could enhance microbial production of @entity3094 from @entity1068 . The aim of the study was to study microbial @entity1068 metabolism and @entity3094 production in the stomach of achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . METHODS: For the in vivo study, @entity413 or @entity1068 was infused via a nasogastric tube to the stomach of seven achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 and five healthy controls. Gastric juice samples for @entity1068 and @entity3094 determinations and microbial analysis were obtained at 30 and 60 min after the infusions. For the in vitro study, gastric juice samples from 14 @entity4726 @entity1 and 16 controls were obtained during gastroscopy, whereafter the samples were incubated for 2 h with 1% @entity1068 at 37 degrees C and @entity3094 was determined. RESULTS: Minor endogenous @entity1068 and @entity3094 concentrations were detected after @entity413 infusion in the gastric juice of four @entity4726 @entity1 . After @entity1068 infusion, the mean intragastric @entity3094 level of the @entity4726 @entity1 was 4.5-fold at 30 min and 6.5-fold at 60 min compared to controls. In vitro, the difference between the study groups was even higher, 7.6-fold. A vast selection of oral bacterial species and some Enterobacteriaceae and @entity375 were presented in the gastric juice of @entity4726 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Microbial @entity1068 metabolism leads to high intragastric @entity3094 levels after @entity1068 drinking in achlorhydric @entity4726 @entity1 . This could be one of the factors responsible for enhanced @entity356 risk among @entity4726 @entity1 .

title: @entity1068 -derived microbial production of carcinogenic XXXX in achlorhydric @entity4726 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic gastritis', 'atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde', 'Acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity3094 :: (MESH:D000079,Chemical) :: ['acetaldehyde']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Gastric @entity674 ( @entity674 ) have a highly variable clinical course, and recurrent disease sometimes develops despite curative surgery. This study was undertaken to investigate the surgical role in treating @entity1820 and evaluate the clinicopathological features of a large series of @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity1820 to clarify which features were independent prognostic factors. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 406 @entity1 with @entity1820 who underwent curative resection at 4 university hospitals in Daegu, South Korea, from March 1998 to March 2012 were reviewed. All cases were confirmed as @entity1820 by immunohistochemical staining, in which @entity2467 or @entity2280 was positive. Clinical follow-up was performed periodically, and disease-free survival rates were retrospectively investigated using the medical records. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 42.9 months (range: 2-166). There were 11 recurrent @entity1 (2.7%). Due to the small number of recurrences, age, sex and location were controlled using propensity score matching before performing any statistical analysis. @entity5 size, mitotic count, NIH classification, and cellularity were judged to be independent prognostic factors for recurrence by univariate analysis. In a multivariate analysis, @entity5 size and mitotic count were significantly and independently related to recurrence, and @entity5 size was determined to be the most important prognostic factor for recurrence after curative resection (hazard ratio: 1.204; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this multicenter study demonstrate that disease-free survival rates are good. @entity5 size was disclosed as the most important factor for recurrence in @entity356 @entity1 who underwent radical resection.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Prognostic Factors of @entity1 with XXXX after Curative Resection: A Retrospective Analysis of 406 Consecutive Cases in a Multicenter Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GISTs']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['GISTs', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity1820 :: (MESH:D005770,Disease) :: ['Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor']


abstract: Using Holter monitoring the Authors compared the effectiveness of @entity3988 120 mg every 8 hours for three consecutive days with the results of a placebo administered with the same regimen, following a double-blind completely balanced cross-over trial in 20 @entity1 with @entity951 at rest. During treatment with @entity3988 the total number of recorded @entity63 episodes was 100, during treatment with placebo the total number was 357 (Tab. I); P less than 0.01 at analysis of variance (Tab. II). @entity63 episodes during treatment with @entity3988 had a shorter duration (3.9 versus 5.1 min.), less marked @entity10260 segment shifts (1.3 versus 2 mm), and were less symptomatic (20% versus 29%) than @entity63 episodes during placebo (Tab. III). No significant differences at a paired t test were noted. @entity3988 was more effective in the morning (12 p.m. - 12 a.m.: from 187 to 34 @entity63 episodes) than in the evening (12 a.m. - 12 p.m.: from 170 to 66 @entity63 episodes) (Fig. 1); P less than 0.01 at the chi-square test (Tab. IV). @entity3988 reduced the number of @entity63 episodes with @entity10260 segment elevation, peaking of T waves and negative T wave inversion (from 188 to 39) more than the number of episodes with @entity308 (from 169 to 61) (Tab. V); P less than 0.05 at the chi-square test. In conclusion, in @entity1 with @entity951 at rest, @entity3988 reduces the incidence and seems to reduce the severity of @entity63 episodes, too.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity3988 in spontaneous XXXX : double-blind cross-over study with Holter monitoring].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem', 'Diltiazem']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: As a response to the UK Health Department's "two week @entity5 wait" initiative a one stop @entity2210 clinic based on a nurse endoscopist was introduced, and the first 100 cases attending this clinic have been audited. After referral on a purpose designed form, @entity1 were assessed by a gastroenterologist and then investigated at the same visit--where possible and appropriate--by endoscopy or ultrasound scan. All endoscopies were performed by a trained nurse specialist. Of the 100 @entity1 , 84 were gastroscoped the same day and 11 had an ultrasound scan. Inappropriate tests were avoided in 16% of referrals. The commonest endoscopic diagnoses were minor oesophageal or gastroduodenal @entity32 (64% of gastroscopies). Only six oesophageal or @entity356 were found--all at an advanced stage--and three further @entity5 were diagnosed. Only a minority (12%) of the @entity1 with "alarm symptoms" had @entity5 . The waiting time for an appointment rose progressively during the first six months of the clinic. The system was popular with @entity1 as most of them (70%) were dealt with at a single hospital attendance. Basing the endoscopy practice on a trained nurse specialist not only facilitated the creation of the service by maximising the use of scarce resources, but also improved communication and overall management of @entity1 .

title: Audit of a nurse endoscopist based one stop XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancers']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of biopsychosocial @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) delivered by practice nurses in routine @entity6 care. DESIGN: A pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial within a hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design. Practice nurses were cluster-randomised. SETTING: A regional care group in the Netherlands consisting of 77 family practices. The study involved practice nurses (n=40) providing care to approximately 4000 @entity1 with @entity6 . @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (n=264) selected by a self-administered questionnaire aimed at measuring emotional distress and @entity6 -related reduced daily functioning. INTERVENTION: Practice nurses in the intervention arm (n=19) were trained to integrate @entity14062 into their routine consultations. @entity14062 included detection of @entity1 with emotional distress and reduced daily functioning, and supporting them when needed through problem solving and reattribution techniques. Practice nurses in the control arm (n=21) provided usual care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was a dichotomised score on a Visual Analogue Scale that measured the perceived effect of @entity6 on daily functioning. Secondary measures included @entity1 ' @entity6 , quality of life, autonomy and participation, self-efficacy, self-management and glycaemic control. Outcomes were measured at baseline and at 4-month and 12-month follow-ups. RESULTS: Only 16 of the 117 @entity1 in the intervention arm (14%) who were found eligible by the posted research-driven screening questionnaire were detected by their practice nurses. Extra consultations for the self-management support were delivered to only 11 study @entity1 . In the control arm, 147 @entity1 received usual care. Multilevel analyses showed no significant differences in outcomes between the intervention and control arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity14062 in its present form was not effective. The research-driven screening to select trial @entity1 appeared to be inconsistent with nurse-led detection in routine practice. Adequate follow-up moments need to be built in to overcome barriers resulting from tension between the implementation and effectiveness parts of hybrid studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Current Controlled Trials NTR2764.

title: Lessons learnt from a cluster-randomised trial evaluating the effectiveness of @entity14062 ( @entity14062 ) delivered by practice nurses in routine XXXX care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes-related distress']

entities_list: @entity14062 :: ('MESH:D012652', 'Disease') :: ['Self-Management Support', 'SMS']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between muscle perfusion in the peri-articular knee muscles assessed by dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging ( @entity9243 -MRI) and symptoms in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity626 ). DESIGN: In a cross-sectional setting, muscle perfusion was quantified by @entity9243 -MRI in @entity626 . Regions of interest (ROI) were drawn around the peri-articular muscles, summed and averaged into one single "Total Muscle Volume" volume of interest (VOI). Symptoms were assessed via the @entity3331 and @entity571 Outcome Score (KOOS) (0: worst; 100: best). RESULTS: @entity9243 -MRI and clinical data were analyzed in 94 @entity1 . The typical @entity1 was a @entity1 with a mean age of 65 years, and a body mass index (BMI) of 32  kg/m(2). Reduced multiple regression models analyzing the association between KOOS and @entity9243 -MRI perfusion variables of Total Muscle Volume showed a statistically significant association between Nvoxel% and KOOS @entity158 (0.41 (SE 0.14); P  =  0.0048). Nvoxel% was defined as the proportion of highly perfused voxels; i.e., the voxels that show an early and rapid increase on the signal intensity vs time curves, reach a plateau state (plateau pattern) and then showing a relatively rapid decline (washout pattern) relative to the total number of voxels within the muscle VOI. CONCLUSIONS: More widespread perfusion in the peri-articular knee muscles was associated with @entity158 in @entity1 with @entity626 . These results give rise to investigations of the effects of exercise on muscle perfusion and its possible mediating role in the causal pathway between exercise and @entity158 improvements in the conservative management of @entity626 .

title: Associations between muscle perfusion and symptoms in XXXX : a cross sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis', 'KOA']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity3331 :: ('MESH:D007718', 'Disease') :: ['Knee injury']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['less pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle depletion ( @entity6288 ) is closely associated with limited physical ability and high mortality. This study evaluated the prognostic significance of skeletal muscle status before and after chemotherapy in @entity1 with unresectable @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 215 consecutive @entity1 with unresectable @entity14 who underwent systemic chemotherapy. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area was measured by computed tomography. We evaluated the prognostic value of skeletal muscle mass before chemotherapy and the rate of skeletal muscle change in cross-sectional area after chemotherapy. RESULTS: One-hundred-eighty-two @entity1 met our inclusion criteria. There were no significant differences in progression-free survival (PFS) or @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) associated with skeletal muscle mass before chemotherapy. However, 22 @entity1 with skeletal @entity121 (>5%) after chemotherapy showed significantly shorter PFS and @entity1349 compared with those without skeletal @entity121 (PFS, log-rank p = 0.029; @entity1349 , log-rank p = 0.009). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that skeletal @entity121 after chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 2.079; 95% confidence interval, 1.194-3.619; p = 0.010) was independently associated with @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Skeletal @entity121 after chemotherapy was an independent, negative prognostic factor in unresectable @entity14 .

title: Negative Impact of Skeletal Muscle Loss after Systemic Chemotherapy in XXXX with Unresectable @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['sarcopenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle loss']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It remains controversial whether the additional Braun enteroenterostomy ( @entity5157 ) is necessary in decreasing delayed @entity356 (DGE) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). This meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of the additional @entity5157 in reducing DGE after PD. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Science Citation Index and The Cochrane Library were searched to identify relevant studies. Articles published before May 15, 2015 comparing @entity5157 with traditional gastrojejunostomy during PD were selected. The evaluated end points consist of intro-operative outcomes as well as @entity260 . RESULTS: Seven observational clinical studies that recruited 1401 @entity1 were included. This meta-analysis indicated that the occurrence of DGE was lower in Braun group (odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 0.60; P  =  0.0007). Overall morbidity (OR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P  =  0.0003) and the length of hospital stay (LOS) (weighted mean difference [WMD],  -1.80; 95%CI,  -3.4 to  -0.18; p  =  0.03) were also in favor of the Braun group. However, Braun group had no advantage over Non-Braun group in terms of intra-operative @entity190 , mortality, @entity3472 , bile Leakage and @entity6177 . CONCLUSION: The additional of @entity5157 plays an important role in reducing DGE, overall morbidity and LOS.

title: Braun enteroenterostomy reduces delayed XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric emptying']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric emptying']


abstract: Records of black (predominantly Zulu), Indian and white @entity1 admitted to hospital for elective evaluation of chronic @entity3657 over a 2-year interval were examined. The @entity75 encountered in all three groups was @entity731 , although @entity3468 occurred more frequently in blacks. While @entity731 of the lower extremities showed minor differences in distribution in the three groups, @entity439 was more frequent in the @entity62 . @entity432 was also less prevalent among blacks. Age and sex distribution was similar. In a subset of @entity1 , matched for age, with aorto-iliac occlusive disease blacks had a statistically significantly lower incidence of @entity299 , @entity66 and @entity101 than whites or Indians; and smoked less. @entity6 had a significantly higher incidence in Indians. Within the same group of @entity1 , blacks tended to present at a more advanced stage in the natural history of the disease. However, early and medium-term results of aortobifemoral bypass are not significantly different from those in whites or Indians. @entity731 , contrary to popular belief, is a well-established clinical problem in the black population in Natal.

title: XXXX in blacks--an established problem.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['commonest lesion']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal disease of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white than Indian and black groups']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Following the treatment of the first @entity1120 @entity1 with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), it was clear that ERT had the potential to be transformative with dramatic improvements in systemic manifestations of the disease within 2 years. Following over 20 years existence of the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry and evidence from    6000 @entity1 , the long-term effects of therapy have been documented. It has been shown that ERT can result in improvements in all clinical and laboratory parameters of @entity66 . However, different aspects of the disease, such as hematologic parameters, organ volumes and @entity79 do not necessarily respond to therapy at the same rate or to the same extent, and this has had major implications for disease monitoring and for the establishment of therapeutic goals for ERT. Response may be affected by factors such as the timing of therapy initiation, the presence of irreversible complications such as @entity2530 , and by enzyme dose. It is also apparent that ERT has no impact on neurological aspects of disease and highlights the need for additional or alternative treatment strategies able to meet the needs of @entity1 with @entity66 . Am. J. Hematol. 90:S19-S24, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Long-term treatment outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nonneuronopathic disease', 'neuronopathic disease']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone disease']

entities_list: @entity1120 :: ('MESH:D005776', 'Disease') :: ['Gaucher disease']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity1120 :: (MESH:D005776,Disease) :: ['Gaucher disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Noninvasive objective tests are needed to diagnose @entity10632 ( @entity10632 ) and to evaluate treatment responses. Ultrasound imaging of the salivary glands is rapid and noninvasive. Recent open-label studies suggested that anti- @entity2225 (rituximab) may be effective in @entity10632 . The purpose of this study was to look for ultrasound evidence of the effects of rituximab in @entity10632 . METHODS: We compared 16 @entity1 fulfilling the new American-European consensus group criteria for @entity10632 to 9 controls, using B-mode ultrasound features (parenchymal homogeneity and gland size) and Doppler waveform analysis of the transverse facial artery of parotid glands. We compared the same parameters in the @entity1 before and after 12 weeks of intravenous rituximab therapy. RESULTS: Compared to controls, untreated @entity1 had significant abnormalities in salivary gland structure (p < 0.0001) and parotid size (2.05 +/- 0.33 cm versus 1.70 +/- 0.28 cm; p = 0.001). Doppler waveform analysis showed significant differences before, but not after, lemon stimulation between untreated @entity1 and controls. After rituximab treatment, significant size reductions were noted in the parotids (2.05 +/- 0.3 cm at baseline and 1.86 +/- 0.27 cm at week 12; p = 0.002) and submandibular glands (2.02 +/- 0.54 cm at baseline and 1.66 +/- 0.34 cm at week 12; p = 0.001). Doppler resistive indices after lemon stimulation were significantly increased after rituximab treatment. CONCLUSION: Salivary gland measurements and blood inflow responses to salivary stimulation as assessed by ultrasound hold promise as objective noninvasive tools for evaluating rituximab effects in @entity1 with @entity10632 .

title: Ultrasound assessment of salivary glands in XXXX with primary Sj  gren's syndrome treated with rituximab: Quantitative and Doppler waveform analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity10632 :: ('MESH:D012859', 'Disease') :: ["primary Sjogren's syndrome", 'pSS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Fetuses from linebred lean (L) and @entity28 (O) and reciprocal crossmatings were examined at 110 d of gestation for line, maternal and heterotic effects. There was no significant heterotic effect for any trait measured. A significant maternal effect was observed for adipose tissue @entity73326 ( @entity73326 ) activity and for serum @entity1674 . The enzyme activity and @entity1674 concentration were higher in fetuses from O dams than in fetuses from L dams. In a lipid clearance test, no maternal effect was observed for changes in serum concentrations of @entity1674 and free @entity1718 or in optical density (associated with the disappearance of injected Liposyn). Linebred O fetuses exhibited higher @entity73326 activity in both the biceps femoris muscle and sc adipose tissue compared with linebred L fetuses. The @entity73326 activity of the adipose tissue was higher than that of the skeletal muscle. The percentage of dry matter, percentage of @entity1674 and protein/DNA were higher in the muscle of linebred O fetuses than in that of linebred L fetuses. Based on tissue @entity73326 activity and on muscle compositional traits, linebred O fetuses were more mature at 110 d of gestation than were the linebred L fetuses. @entity28 had little detectable influence on fetal development of the @entity1707 when measured at 110 d of gestation.

title: Influence of maternal XXXX on fetal development in @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['linebred obese', 'Maternal obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of @entity2260 acute @entity2267 (AM) in @entity1 have changed in the post pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era. METHODS: Medical records of pneumococcal AM cases, in a tertiary Pediatric Hospital were reviewed from 1/1999-12/2014. @entity2260 isolates were serotyped using the quellung reaction and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by E-test and for @entity7646 resistance genes by PCR. RESULTS: Among 334 @entity1 with AM, @entity2260 was isolated from 89(26.6%) with median age 22 months (IQR: 12-30m). @entity2260 was recovered from ear fluid (58%), mastoid specimens (35.2%), and blood (6.8%). Resistance to @entity114 , @entity2929 and @entity3402 was 12.4%, 49.4% and 18% respectively. Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes before (1999-2005), after the introduction of PCV7 (2006-2010) and after PCV13 (2011-2014) was found: for the PCV7 serotypes 81%, 25%, 0%, (p<0.0001), for PCV13 additional serotypes 16.3%, 70.8%, 63.6%, (p<0.0001) and for non- @entity1485 serotypes 2.3%, 4.1%, 36.3%, (p=0.0002) respectively. Significant increase was detected for the serotype @entity5686 after PCV7 and this trend was not changed after PCV13 (2.3%, 50%, 50% respectively, p<0.0001). A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity114 (54.5%) and @entity2929 (34.8%) were identified as @entity5686 . CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of PCV7 a significant increase of serotype @entity5686 as well as replacement of PCVs serotypes were identified. After PCV13 the overall proportion of @entity2267 and the incidence of serotype @entity5686 were not significantly declined. A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity114 and @entity2929 are attributed to serotype @entity5686 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 Before and After the Introduction of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity7646 :: ('CHEBI:25106', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolide']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity2267 :: ('MESH:D008417', 'Disease') :: ['mastoiditis', 'pneumococcal mastoiditis']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

answer: @entity2267 :: (MESH:D008417,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal Mastoiditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this report is to elucidate the feasibility of the frozen @entity7105 trunk technique as a one-stage operation for extensive @entity439 and to investigate the long-term durability and efficacy of this procedure from our 11 years of experience. METHODS: The subjects were 58 consecutive @entity1 who electively received the frozen @entity7105 trunk technique for @entity439 involving the aortic arch and the descending aorta between September 1997 and September 2008. Concomitant procedures included 15 coronary artery bypass grafts, 2 aortic valve replacements, 1 aortic root replacement, and 3 maze procedures. The stent graft was delivered to the seventh thoracic vertebra level (Th7) in 22, Th8 in 26, Th9 in 8, and Th10 in 2 @entity1 . Cerebrospinal fluid drainage was administered preoperatively in 10 (17.2%) @entity1 . RESULTS: Operative mortality within 30 days was 0 of 58. There was 1 in-hospital death. Perioperative morbidity included @entity64 and @entity1566 in 2 (3.4%) @entity1 each. During the mean follow-up period of 54.2 +/- 36.9 months, there were 9 (15.5%) late deaths, and 7 (12.1%) @entity1 required additional intervention. The 8-year survival was 65.5%, the overall 8-year aortic event free survival was 72.8%, and the 8-year event free survival on the site of the stent graft was 94.8%. A follow-up computed tomographic image was available for 86.2% (50/58) of @entity1 who survived longer than 6 months. The size of the @entity439 increased in 1 (2.0%) @entity1 , was not changed in 6 (12.0%) @entity1 , shrank in 34 (68.0%) @entity1 , and was obliterated in 9 (18.0%) @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The frozen @entity7105 trunk for extensive @entity449 had long-term durability and efficacy and might become the alternative treatment for extended aortic replacement.

title: Long-term results of the frozen XXXX trunk technique for the extensive @entity439 .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity7105 :: (9783,Species) :: ['elephant']


abstract: Lymphocytes respond to myelin proteins after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) and may contribute to post-traumatic secondary degeneration. However, there is increasing evidence that autoreactive T-lymphocytes may also convey neuroprotection and promote functional recovery after CNS injury. To clarify the role of myelin autoreactive lymphocytes after @entity1566 , we performed contusion injuries in the thoracic spinal cord of transgenic (Tg) @entity19 in which >95% of all @entity1961 + T-lymphocytes are reactive with @entity10927 ( @entity10927 ). We observed significantly impaired recovery of locomotor and reflex function in Tg @entity19 compared with non-Tg (nTg) littermates. Measures of functional impairment in Tg @entity19 correlated with significantly less white matter at the injury site, and morphometric comparisons of injured Tg and nTg spinal cords revealed increased rostrocaudal lesion expansion (i.e., secondary degeneration) in Tg @entity19 . Rostrocaudal to the impact site in @entity1566 -nTg @entity19 , @entity17 was restricted to the dorsal funiculus, i.e., axons undergoing @entity6441 . The remaining white matter appeared normal. In contrast, lymphocytes were colocalized with regions of @entity17 and axon loss throughout the white matter of @entity1566 -Tg @entity19 . Impaired neurological function and exacerbated neuropathology in @entity1566 -Tg @entity19 were associated with increased intraspinal production of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA; neurotrophin mRNA was not elevated. These data suggest that endogenous @entity10927 -reactive lymphocytes, activated by traumatic @entity1566 , can contribute to tissue injury and impair functional recovery. Any neuroprotection afforded by myelin-reactive T-cells is likely to be an indirect effect mediated by other non-CNS-reactive lymphocytes. Similar to the Tg @entity19 in this study, a subset of @entity1 that are genetically predisposed to @entity792 of the CNS may be adversely affected by vaccine therapies designed to boost autoreactive lymphocyte responses after CNS @entity130 . Consequently, the safe implementation of such therapies requires that future studies define the mechanisms that control T-cell function within the injured CNS.

title: Pathological CNS XXXX triggered by traumatic @entity1566 : implications for autoimmune vaccine therapy.

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity6441 :: ('MESH:D014855', 'Disease') :: ['Wallerian degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune disease']


abstract: AIMS: The @entity2182 symptom score (OABSS) is a useful tool for assessing the four key symptoms of @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ), but it sometimes misrepresents a @entity1 's actual voiding status. To examine whether the @entity1 -determined OABSS underestimates or overestimates the true status, its results were compared to those of the OABSS derived from a 7-day bladder diary (OABSS-BD). METHODS: Records of @entity1 who visited our outpatient clinic with lower urinary tract symptoms were evaluated retrospectively. The @entity1 were asked to complete the OABSS and the 7-day bladder diary (BD). The OABSS-BD was created from the 7-day BD. Questions were compared between the OABSS and the OABSS-BD. RESULTS: A total of 44 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 were evaluated. For daytime frequency, the mean OABSS score was 1.03        0.57 and the OABSS-BD score was 0.69        0.52 (P   <   0.01). For nighttime frequency, the mean OABSS score was 2.27        0.84, and the OABSS-BD score was 1.96        1.00 (P   =   0.04). For urinary urgency, the mean OABSS score was 2.49        1.83, and the OABSS-BD score was 2.70        1.90 (P   =   0.27). For urgency incontinence, the mean OABSS score was 1.67        1.92, and the OABSS-BD score was 1.52        1.87 (P   =   0.28). For the total score, the mean OABSS total score was 7.26        3.92, and the OABSS-BD score was 6.98        3.26 (P   =   0.23). CONCLUSIONS: The OABSS is a very simple and useful tool. However, compared to the results from the 7-day FVC, the present @entity1 overestimated daytime and nighttime frequency. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Comparison of the XXXX symptom score and the @entity2182 symptom score derived from the bladder diaries.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: This note reviews recent literature relating to the use of @entity167 , @entity286 , and intravenous drugs in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Trends in substance use among subpopulations are discussed in relation to changes in the major population health indicators since 1990. This article summarizes recent work into understanding the role of substance use and misuse in the region in explaining demographic developments in terms of life expectancy and population growth. In 1993, 80% of Russian males drank, and among these, @entity167 intake averaged near 600 grams per day. Smoking is much more prevalent among Russian @entity1 (61.4%) than among @entity1 (10.3%). In 2003, 185.8 per 100 thousand Russian @entity1 were @entity734 . High rates of male @entity167 abuse, suicide, accidents, violence, and @entity65 appear to be major causes of the large falls in life expectancy and rising gender gaps in life expectancy in the region. Life expectancy at birth in Russia was estimated at 60.5 years for males and 74 years for females in 2005. Russia's population is now declining at a rate of 0.37% per annum, and with more than 1% of the population estimated to be @entity645 positive, it is likely that this population decline will accelerate further in the near future. Many of these population trends are mirrored across the former Soviet Union.

title: Alcoholism, XXXX , and drug use in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug addicted']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: 1. Activated hepatic lipocytes are central to the pathogenesis of liver @entity82 as the principal source of both interstitial collagens and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. In progressive @entity82 there is a failure to degrade interstitial collagens with a reported decrease in collagenase activity. In these studies we investigate expression of the potent collagenase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and interstitial collagenase in end-stage @entity3619 and activated @entity1 hepatic lipocytes in culture. 2. Messenger RNA transcripts for interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in explanted @entity1 liver were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay and densitometric analysis. This indicated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity3619 were also coordinately up-regulated. 3. Using Northern analysis of RNA from @entity1 lipocytes in primary culture on plastic, mRNA for interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated cells but was present after stimulation with @entity5 factor alpha. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was present in unstimulated lipocytes and up-regulated fivefold in response to @entity5 factor alpha. Using activity assay of serum-free conditioned media, interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated primary cultures, primary cultures stimulated with @entity5 factor alpha or @entity2533 (n = 3 and n = 4 respectively) or in passaged lipocytes (n = 6). In contrast, free tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was present in unstimulated and passaged cultures and this was increased in response to @entity5 factor alpha and transforming growth factor @entity8652 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I and interstitial collagenase expression in XXXX and activated @entity1 hepatic lipocytes.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta-1']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']

answer: @entity3619 :: (MESH:D006521,Disease) :: ['autoimmune chronic active hepatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to estimate the early breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier (BAB) following uneventful @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with @entity2175 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Aqueous flare was estimated in 54 @entity6 before and after @entity231 surgery. Fifteen eyes underwent uneventful ECCE (extracapsular @entity231 extraction with "can opener" capsulotomy) and 39 phacoemulsification with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. All procedures were performed by experienced surgeons. Fifty six eyes of age-matched healthy @entity1 undergoing uncomplicated @entity231 surgery served, as control. Anterior chamber flare was quantified preoperatively, 1 and 3 days postoperatively, using laser-flare meter (Kowa FM-500). Laser flare values were expressed in photon counts/millisecond. RESULTS: Mean preoperative anterior chamber flare in @entity2175 was as follows: normal fundus--6.7, background @entity989 --8.6 and @entity989 --14.1 (p < 0.01 vs NF group). Significantly lower anterior chamber flare measurements following phacoemulsification (25.0-1 day, 17.8-3 days post surgery), than after ECCE (63.7 and 45.6, respectively) (p < 0.01) were observed in @entity6 . In phaco group, we noted lower flare values in eyes without @entity989 ; 25.2-1 day, 14.0-3 days post surgery, than in @entity989 (31.5 and 28.4, respectively) (p < 0.05 vs no @entity989 group). CONCLUSIONS: Phacoemulsification, as a less traumatising technique produces less BAB breakdown and seems to be more suitable than ECCE in @entity6 . Following phacoemulsification, eyes with @entity989 had significantly higher flare values than eyes without @entity989 .

title: [Anterior chamber inflammation following XXXX surgery in @entity1 with @entity2175 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic eyes']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: We categorize the subtypes of the @entity99 ( @entity99 ) and evaluate the clinical implications. METHODS: Thirty-four cases of the @entity99 were evaluated retrospectively using multidetector computed tomography. We categorized them into the three @entity99 subtypes according to pancreatic penetration and the passing routes. The distance between the orifice of the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) and @entity99 bifurcation (D @entity6029 - @entity99 ) was measured using advanced 3D imaging software. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the difference in D @entity6029 - @entity99 according to the @entity99 subtype. RESULTS: Type A (n  =  17, 50  %) referred to @entity99 penetrating the @entity788 , all crossing the dorsal aspect of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV). Among them, three cases were accompanied by the circumportal pancreas. Type B (n  =  10, 29  %) referred to @entity99 without penetration of the @entity788 and crossing of the dorsal aspect of the main portal vein ( @entity6688 ) or SMV. Type C (n  =  7, 21  %) referred to @entity99 without penetration of the pancreas parenchyma and crossing of the ventral aspect of the @entity6688 or SMV. The mean D @entity6029 - @entity99 of each subtype was as follows: type A, 3.13  cm [95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.70-3.57]; type B, 2.04  cm [95  % CI 1.40-2.68]; and type C, 2.14  cm [95  % CI 2.23-2.92]. The D @entity6029 - @entity99 of the penetrating @entity788 of the @entity99 was significantly longer than that of the non-penetrating @entity788 (P  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: Half of @entity99 show penetrating the @entity788 , which was categorized as type A, and this type A takes off from the @entity6029 more distally than @entity99 without intrapancreatic penetration.

title: Replaced common hepatic artery from the XXXX : multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) classification focused on pancreatic penetration and the course of travel.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['RCHA', 'replaced common hepatic artery']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['superior mesenteric artery']


abstract: @entity5 after childhood @entity5 is a well-known complication. However, frequency differs considerably according to the types of primary @entity5 and the specifics of therapy. Ten @entity1 with a second @entity5 after being cured of the @entity5 are described. There were 2 @entity1 with @entity981 , one with @entity1893 , and one with @entity0 after @entity978 . Two @entity1 with heritable @entity995 developed @entity421 in the irradiation field after a latent period of 7 and 14 years respectively. There was another @entity421 in a @entity3969 survivor. One @entity1 with @entity981 developed a secondary AML 10 years after achieving initial remission, and a @entity1653 was diagnosed in another @entity1 with cured @entity981 . One @entity1 died of peritoneal sarcomatosis of unknown origin 20 years after the diagnosis of @entity3052 . All @entity1 received radiotherapy for the primary @entity5 . @entity5 in other @entity1 were probably missed because they occurred in adulthood when the @entity1 were transferred to other medical centres. It is impossible to trace these @entity1 because central registration of @entity1 with @entity5 is lacking. It is therefore important to establish a central @entity5 registry for the whole of Switzerland. @entity5 after @entity5 is not a rare event and requires long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: [Insufficient understanding of second XXXX after childhood @entity5 in Switzerland].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Second malignancy', 'cancer', 'Secondary neoplasms', 'childhood cancer', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasms', 'malignancy', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ["Wilms' tumor"]

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Outpatient direct current (DC) cardioversion is performed routinely, yet scant data support this approach. We studied the efficacy, safety, and costs of outpatient cardioversion. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of outpatient cardioversions was performed in a 5-year period at an academic medical center in 532 consecutive outpatients with an @entity4710 . The protocol included anticoagulation (international normalized ratio >or=2.0) for >or=4 consecutive weekly draws and then DC cardioversion with the @entity1 under intravenous anesthesia. @entity943 symptoms, antiarrhythmic therapy use, and costs were evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety percent of @entity1 were discharged in sinus rhythm after cardioversion with a median number of shocks of 1 (range, 1-6) for @entity956 (n = 113), @entity591 (n = 13), and @entity955 (n = 406). Sixty-seven percent of @entity1 were treated with an antiarrhythmic drug. The complication rate was 2.6%, with 11 unplanned admissions. Thromboemboli occurred only in patients whose anticoagulation deviated from protocol and included chronic @entity1805 starting 4 days after cardioversion, transient right-sided weakness, and cerebral vascular accident 3 days after cardioversion, despite negative results on a transesophageal echocardiogram. Two @entity1 had @entity3126 . @entity1168 developed in 4 @entity1 ; transient pacemaker noncapture after the shock occurred in 4 @entity1 . Transient postshock rhythms also included @entity2917 and junctional rhythm. One @entity1 had @entity1174 . The mean cost of cardioversion was 464 dollars. Fees for anesthesia ranged from 525 dollars to 650 dollars. The anesthetic costs ranged from 2.84 dollars to 21.47 dollars. The cardiology fee averaged 501 dollars. CONCLUSION: Outpatient cardioversion is a low risk, effective, and economical procedure.

title: Outpatient cardioversion of XXXX : efficacy, safety, and costs.

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['AV nodal Wenckebach']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['postcardioversion pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1805 :: ('MESH:D006423', 'Disease') :: ['hemianopsia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['atrial tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['Bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['atrial arrhythmias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are different reports in the literature how often @entity86 occurs after laser resection of @entity135 . This retrospective study investigates the frequency of @entity86 after laser surgery of @entity135 . Time and extent of @entity548 have been considered as well as the localization of the primary @entity5 and possible general risk factors. METHODS AND @entity1 : Between 1998 and 2001, microscopic laser surgery was performed in 223 @entity1 with previously untreated @entity957 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, supraglottic and glottic region and the hypopharynx. In case of ultrasonographic or palpable evidence of cervical @entity3329 surgery included subsequent neck dissection. The mean age of the @entity1 was 59.2 year. RESULTS: @entity86 occurred in 14 out of 223 @entity1 (6 %). It was 9 % for @entity1697 , @entity1 10 % for @entity189 , 5 % for @entity189 and none for glottic and @entity189 . 5 @entity1 were treated conservatively, 4 @entity1 were controlled bei cautery and ligation, 1 @entity1 was treated with ligation of the lingual artery and in 2 cases ligation of the external carotid artery was performed. 1 @entity1 had a fatal @entity548 . CONCLUSIONS: Laser-surgical resection of @entity135 does not lead to a higher incidence of @entity548 complications compared to ordinary surgery.

title: [ @entity86 after laser surgery in head and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours', 'head and neck carcinomas', 'head-and-neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma', 'supraglottic carcinoma', 'hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative bleeding', 'postoperative hemorrhage']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['neck tumors']


abstract: Highly purified astrocyte cultures from @entity1 embryonic brain were examined for their capacity to present antigen to human @entity4107 compatible, cytolytic @entity404 + T lymphocytes. Most astrocytes constitutively expressed HLA class I products and @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ). Constitutive expression of HLA class II, @entity1453 ( @entity1453 ) and @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ) was lower and varied among different cultures, while @entity3138 ( @entity3138 ) was absent. @entity379 alone or in combination with @entity310 strongly enhanced expression of HLA class I, HLA-DR, -DP, -DQ, @entity1453 and @entity2071 , but did not affect expression of @entity3138 ( @entity3138 ) and @entity7937 ( @entity7937 ). @entity310 alone induced only HLA class I and @entity2071 , but not HLA class II or @entity1453 . Cytokine treated, but not untreated astrocytes were able to present protein (auto-)antigens to specific T lymphocyte lines. Astrocytes expressing appropriate major histocompatibility complex class II products were lysed by @entity404 + T cells specific for @entity2610 or @entity116 toxoid. The lytic response was antigen dose dependent and HLA-DR restricted. It could be blocked by antibodies against HLA-DR determinants and against the adhesion molecules @entity1453 and @entity2071 . In remarkable contrast to their susceptibility to T cell lysis, antigen presenting astrocytes were not only completely unable to induce T cell proliferation but even inhibited proliferation. The results indicate that, although @entity1 astrocytes have the potential to present protein antigens to @entity404 + T cells, they do not induce the co-stimulatory factors required to trigger the complete T cell activation programme.

title: XXXX astrocytes are only partially competent antigen presenting cells. Possible implications for lesion development in multiple sclerosis.

entities_list: @entity2610 :: ('4155', 'Gene') :: ['myelin basic protein']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The recently extinct (ca. 1768) Steller's sea @entity291 (Hydrodamalis gigas) was a large, edentulous North Pacific sirenian. The phylogenetic affinities of this taxon to other members of this clade, living and extinct, are uncertain based on previous morphological and molecular studies. We employed hybridization capture methods and second generation sequencing technology to obtain >30kb of exon sequences from 26 nuclear genes for both H. gigas and @entity41904 . We also obtained complete coding sequences for the tooth-related enamelin (ENAM) gene. Hybridization probes designed using @entity41904 and manatee sequences were both highly effective in retrieving sequences from H. gigas (mean=98.8% coverage), as were more divergent probes for regions of ENAM (99.0% coverage) that were designed exclusively from a proboscidean (African @entity7105 ) and a hyracoid ( @entity48237 ). New sequences were combined with available sequences for representatives of all other afrotherian orders. We also expanded a previously published morphological matrix for living and fossil Sirenia by adding both new taxa and nine new postcranial characters. Maximum likelihood and parsimony analyses of the molecular data provide robust support for an association of H. gigas and @entity41904 to the exclusion of living trichechids (manatees). Parsimony analyses of the morphological data also support the inclusion of H. gigas in Dugongidae with @entity41904 and fossil dugongids. Timetree analyses based on calibration density approaches with hard- and soft-bounded constraints suggest that H. gigas and @entity41904 diverged in the Oligocene and that crown sirenians last shared a common ancestor in the Eocene. The coding sequence for the ENAM gene in H. gigas does not contain frameshift mutations or stop codons, but there is a transversion mutation (AG to CG) in the acceptor splice site of intron 2. This disruption in the edentulous Steller's sea @entity291 is consistent with previous studies that have documented inactivating mutations in tooth-specific loci of a variety of edentulous and enamelless vertebrates including birds, turtles, @entity22418 , pangolins, xenarthrans, and baleen whales. Further, branch-site dN/dS analyses provide evidence for positive selection in ENAM on the stem dugongid branch where extensive tooth reduction occurred, followed by neutral evolution on the Hydrodamalis branch. Finally, we present a synthetic evolutionary tree for living and fossil sirenians showing several key innovations in the history of this clade including character state changes that parallel those that occurred in the evolutionary history of cetaceans.

title: Interordinal gene capture, the phylogenetic position of Steller's sea XXXX based on molecular and morphological data, and the macroevolutionary history of Sirenia.

entities_list: @entity41904 :: ('29137', 'Species') :: ['Dugong dugon', 'dugong', 'D. dugon']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cow']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of reirradiation as salvage treatment in @entity1 with locally recurrent @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2000, 20 consecutive @entity1 (twelve males and eight females) with @entity5 , previously irradiated in different Hungarian institutions, were reirradiated for biopsy-proven locally recurrent @entity5 . Histologically, 85% of the @entity1 had WHO type III, 5% type II, and 10% type I disease. Stages I-IV (AJCC 1997 staging system) were assigned to five (25%), seven (35%), five (25%), and three (15%) @entity1 , respectively; none of them had distant metastases, and only eight (40%) displayed regional dissemination. The median time period between termination of primary treatment and local recurrence was 30 (range, 10-204) months. Brachytherapy was the method most frequently used: in ten cases alone (especially for rT1 @entity5 ), and in eight cases in combination with external beam therapy. Two @entity1 with locally advanced disease underwent external beam therapy only. The median dose in the event of brachytherapy alone was 20 Gy (4 x 5 Gy or 5 x 4 Gy, range, 16-36 Gy), and the dose range for exclusive external irradiation was 30-40 Gy. In cases of combined irradiation, a median 20-Gy brachytherapy (range, 16-40 Gy) was associated with 30-40 Gy of external irradiation. Radiotherapy was supplemented by neck dissection (six @entity1 ), nasopharyngectomy (one @entity1 ), or chemotherapy (eleven @entity1 ). RESULTS: 16 @entity1 were reirradiated once, three twice, and one @entity1 three times, with a median equivalent dose for @entity5 effect of 36 Gy (mean, 44 Gy; range, 19-117 Gy; the estimated alpha/beta-ratio was 10 Gy). The median equivalent dose of reirradiation for late effect on normal tissue (with an estimated 70% delivery of the @entity5 dose) amounted to 30 Gy (mean, 37 Gy; range, 13-101 Gy, estimated alpha/beta-ratio 3 Gy). After a median follow-up of 37 (range, 12-72) months, the overall survival was 60% (12/20). Seven of the twelve surviving @entity1 are currently @entity5 -free. After primary irradiation, xerostomy occurred in all @entity1 as an unavoidable side effect of treatment. Following reirradiation, a severe (grade 3 or higher) late @entity137 (CTC criteria, version 2) has been observed in two @entity5 -free @entity1 (10%) so far ( @entity39 of soft palate and paresis of glossopharyngeal nerve). CONCLUSION: Retreatment of @entity189 with radiotherapy (preferably a combined modality), can result in longterm local control and survival in a substantial proportion of @entity1 , at the price of an acceptable morbidity.

title: Reirradiation of locally recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nasopharyngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Treatment options for metastatic soft-tissue @entity242 are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical activity of @entity1260 rechallenge in @entity1352 ( @entity1352 ), @entity1821 ( @entity1821 ), @entity1822 ( @entity1822 ), and high-grade @entity242 not otherwise specified. METHODS: A retrospective search of the Royal Marsden @entity242 Unit Database was performed to identify @entity1 initially treated with @entity1260 (as single agent or in combination) and who were subsequently rechallenged with single-agent @entity1260 . Baseline demographics and response assessment were retrospectively obtained. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 were identified and the median age at diagnosis was 41 years (range, 18 to 71 y). There were 29 cases of @entity1352 , 17 of @entity1821 , 12 of @entity1822 , and 9 of @entity242 not otherwise specified. First-line @entity1260 -containing therapy was given to 14 @entity1 as adjuvant therapy (adjuvant group) and 53 @entity1 as palliative therapy (palliative group). Clinical activity (partial response or stable disease) with single-agent @entity1260 rechallenge was documented in 50.0% of @entity1 in the adjuvant group (7 in the second line) and 34.0% of @entity1 in the palliative group (15 in the second line, 1 in third line, and 2 in the fourth line). The median progression-free survival in @entity1 with documented clinical activity was 11.5 months (95% CI, 8.8-12.3) and 6.9 months (95% CI, 5.1-9.0), respectively, in the adjuvant and palliative group. @entity1260 rechallenge was mostly active in @entity1352 @entity1 (49.3%, 14 out of 29 @entity1 with partial remission or stable disease). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1260 rechallenge has clinical activity in soft-tissue @entity242 and can be considered a viable option in treating @entity3 .

title: Successful XXXX Rechallenge in Soft-Tissue @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas', 'Sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'LMS']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide', 'ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['LPS', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['Ifosfamide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure of the trophoblast to appropriately invade uterine spiral arteries is thought to be an initiating event in @entity1468 , a disorder associated with @entity409 . @entity2299 characterised by low plasma levels of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and elevated @entity1674 has also been described in @entity1468 . The pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity310 inhibits trophoblast invasion of uterine endothelial cells. Previous work using an in vitro JEG-3 cell/Uterine endothelial cell co-culture model investigated the effect of apoliopoprotein A-I, the main apolipoprotein component of HDL, on trophoblast incorporation into endothelial tubules in the presence and absence of @entity310 . These effects are now investigated using the @entity1 invasive trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. OBJECTIVES: This study asks if @entity1675 , which has established anti-inflammatory properties, can protect against the deleterious effect of @entity310 on trophoblast-endothelial cell interactions. METHODS: The in vitro trophoblast-uterine endothelial cell co-culture model was used to investigate the effect of @entity1675 on trophoblast incorporation into endothelial tubules in the presence and absence of @entity310 . Uterine endothelial cells were pre-incubated with lipid free @entity1675 (final @entity1675 concentration 1 mg/mL) for 16h prior to seeding on matrigel coated plates. Tubules formed within 4h. Fluorescence-labelled HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells were then co-cultured with the endothelial cells  @entity310 (final concentration of 0.2ng/mL). Bright field and fluorescent images were captured after 24h. The effect of @entity310 on HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion was quantified with Image J software. Integration of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells into uterine endothelial tubular networks was also imaged using live cell imaging techniques (Zeiss Axiovert). RESULTS: @entity310 inhibited HTR-8/SVneo (trophoblast) cell integration into endothelial tubular structures by 24.1  3.7% p<0.001. This effect was reversed when the endothelial cells were pre-incubated for 16h with lipid free @entity1675 (p<0.001 compared to non-incubated cells). Live cell images of the co-culture clearly demonstrate a disruption to the normal integration of trophoblast into endothelial tubular structures in the presence of @entity310 . The protective effect conferred by pre-incubation of endothelial cells with @entity1675 against @entity310 is also clearly visible. CONCLUSION: @entity1675 has been shown to enhance trophoblast-endothelial cell integration in the presence of a pro-inflammatory stimulus. A healthy lipid profile may affect pregnancy outcomes by priming endothelial cells in preparation for trophoblast invasion.

title: OS041. XXXX protects normal integration of the trophoblast into endothelial cellular networks in an in vitro model of @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['A dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1675 :: ('335', 'Gene') :: ['apoA-I', 'Apolipoprotein A-I']

answer: @entity1675 :: (335,Gene) :: ['Apolipoprotein A-I']


abstract: In order to assess pharmacokinetic differences between @entity72112 (S) and @entity3400 (P), two @entity114 derivatives, 24 in- @entity1 , 12 males and 12 females mean age 59.4 years, suffering from recurrent @entity281 were enrolled. @entity1 were randomly allocated to S (12 @entity1 ) and to P (12 @entity1 ) and were given 2 g i.m. every 12 h of the awarded antibiotic, for a 7-day period. At the first and 7th day blood samples (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 h after dosing) as well as sputum samples (1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h after dosing) and urine samples (3, 6, 9 and 12 h after dosing) were collected, and the levels of S or P were determined by @entity3881 test. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by a standard program. On day 1 and 7 the mean peak serum concentration occurred at the first hour for S (39.9 +/- 5.2; 40.9 +/- 5.1 mcg/ml, respectively) and for P (32.2 +/- 5.4; 33.1 +/- 5.4 mcg/ml, respectively). Serum AUC0-12 and AUC0-00 (mg/l.h) levels of S were significantly higher (p less than 0.01 or less) than those of P on day 1 and 7. Similarly MRT (8 h) and Cmax (mg/l) where higher but only on day 7. Sputum AUC0-12 (mg/l.h) level of S was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of P on day 1 and 7. In conclusion serum and sputum S appear to have a different pharmacokinetic profile in respect to P. However, when compared to the AUC, both drugs reach antibacterial levels.

title: Comparison between XXXX and @entity3400 levels in serum and in bronchial secretions--a pharmacokinetic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial infections']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity72112 :: ('MESH:D013408', 'Chemical') :: ['sulbenicillin']

answer: @entity72112 :: (MESH:D013408,Chemical) :: ['sulbenicillin']


abstract: Postprandial @entity1944 is a locally mediated vascular response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen. In this review we discuss the role of various constituents of chyme in the development of the @entity450 and possible mechanisms of action. The luminal contents that produce the @entity450 are digested products of food; undigested food or pancreatic enzymes have no effect. Micellar @entity1718 are the most potent vasodilators, whereas @entity1522 at physiological concentrations have little effect on intestinal blood flow. However, by-products of protein digestion are as potent as those of @entity3363 in increasing the blood flow. Bile increases ileal but does not alter jejunal blood flow. In addition, bile enhances the @entity413 -induced @entity450 and renders fatty and @entity1522 vasoactive. The mechanisms by which bile exerts its effect on the vasoactivity of these nutrients are poorly understood. The intestinal hyperemic response to the presence of nutrients in the lumen is mediated by a variety of regulatory pathways that vary with the nutrient. Factors involved include tissue metabolic rate, metabolites, nutrient absorption, tissue osmolality, tissue @entity26 tension, intestinal peptides such as @entity10056 and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and paracrine substances such as @entity2918 and @entity112 . It is likely that the @entity450 results from the complex interplay of all these factors on the intestinal vascular smooth muscle. Extrinsic and intrinsic nerves play a minor role in nutrient-induced @entity450 .

title: Possible mechanisms for the initiation and maintenance of postprandial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal hyperemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity392 is an incapacitating condition commonly affecting cochlear implant (CI) candidates. The aim of this clinical study is to assess the long-term effects of CI treatment in @entity1 with severe-to-profound, sensorineural, @entity393 ( @entity393 ) and incapacitating @entity392 . We performed a prospective Cochlear    company-sponsored multicentre study in five Spanish centres. Sixteen @entity1 with @entity393 and incapacitating @entity392 , which was indicated by a @entity1032 Inventory (THI) score >58%, received a Nucleus   CI in their deaf ear. The study design includes repeated within-subject measures on hearing, @entity392 , @entity7804 and quality of life up to 12 months after initial CI fitting. In addition to @entity393 and @entity392 , all @entity1 suffered from @entity7804 . Most @entity1 had a @entity2459 and received a CI within 2 years after their @entity393 . Preliminary 6-month, post-CI activation data of 13 subjects showed that the majority of @entity1 perceived a subjective benefit from CI treatment, which was assessed using the THI, a Visual Analogue Scale of @entity392 loudness/annoyance and the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale. Preliminary 12-month data of 7 subjects showed that most @entity1 also perceived a degree of relief from their @entity7804 . One @entity1 showed no improvements in any of the applied scales, which could be explained by partial insertion of the electrode due to obstruction of the cochlea by @entity8719 . In conclusion, CI can successfully be used in the treatment of @entity393 @entity1 with accompanying severe @entity392 and @entity7804 . Implantation resulted in hearing benefits and a durable relief from @entity392 and @entity7804 in the majority of @entity1 . These findings support the hypothesis that pathophysiological mechanisms after peripheral @entity1274 are at least partly reversible when hearing is restored with a CI.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Cochlear Implants as a Treatment Option for Unilateral Hearing Loss, Severe XXXX and @entity7804 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7804 :: ('MESH:D012001', 'Disease') :: ['hyperacusis']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Tinnitus Handicap']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'Tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'UHL', 'unilateral hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden hearing loss']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['Tinnitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) attenuates the contractile response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in cultured cardiac myocytes in vitro and in myocardium in vivo. We tested the hypothesis that NO synthesized in the heart inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 with various degrees of @entity1002 and free from @entity453 were instrumented with an infusion catheter in the left main coronary artery and a high-fidelity micromanometer-tipped catheter in the LV. Measurements included LV pressure, aortic pressure, heart rate, and LV peak +dP/dt. In eight subjects, @entity452 was infused via the left main coronary artery (25 or 50 micrograms/min) before and concurrent with intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity7293 ( @entity7293 , 20 mumol/min for 10 minutes). In six other subjects, @entity452 was infused (6, 10, or 15 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) via a peripheral vein. Intracoronary (n = 8) @entity452 infusions increased LV peak +dP/dt by an average of 33 +/- 3%. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 had no effect on baseline LV peak +dP/dt, LV systolic or end-diastolic pressures, aortic pressure, or heart rate. The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 , concurrent with a second infusion of @entity452 , potentiated the +dP/dt response to @entity452 by 30 +/- 10% (P < .04 versus @entity452 alone). The intracoronary infusion of @entity7293 likewise potentiated the +dP/dt response to the peripheral infusion of @entity452 by 37 +/- 18%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity842 produced in the heart attenuates the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in @entity1 with @entity1002 . NO may contribute to beta-adrenergic @entity6306 in @entity1 with @entity1002 .

title: @entity842 inhibits the positive inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation in XXXX with @entity1002 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6306 :: ('MESH:C566417', 'Disease') :: ['hyporesponsiveness']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-monomethyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) due to an indwelling urinary catheter causes postoperative distress. @entity6948 is used as an anaesthetic adjuvant during general anaesthesia and has an antimuscarinic effect, which may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of @entity1494 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of intraoperative @entity6948 administration on the incidence of @entity1494 . DESIGN: A prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study. SETTING: A tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity1 : One-hundred and nine @entity1 undergoing transurethral @entity150 excision (TURB). INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly allocated to two groups: control group (n=55) received placebo and @entity6948 group (n=54) received intraoperative @entity6948 (1 gkg loading dose followed by 0.5 gkghcontinuous infusion). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence and severity (mild, moderate, severe) of @entity1494 assessed at 0, 1, 6 and 24h postoperatively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1494 was significantly higher in the control group at 0 (78 vs. 50%; P=0.004), 1 (86 vs. 57%; P=0.002) and 6h (82 vs. 63%; P=0.047) postoperatively. The incidence of moderate to severe @entity1494 was higher in the control group at 0 (38 vs. 11%; P=0.002) and 1h (29 vs. 7%; P=0.006) postoperatively. The number of @entity1 having @entity1494 treated with @entity1340 was higher in the control group (24 vs. 12; P=0.006). The mean end-tidal desflurane concentration during the surgery was higher in the control group (4.5 vs. 3.9%; P=0.04). The @entity282 score (numerical rating scale: 0 to 10) was higher in the control group at 0 (4.6 vs. 2.7; P=0.002), and 1h (3.8 vs. 2.7; P=0.041). The number of @entity1 treated with opioids was higher in the control group (21 vs. 8; P=0.011). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative @entity6948 administration decreased the incidence and severity of early postoperative @entity1494 as well as intraoperative @entity10233 and postoperative opioid requirements in @entity1 undergoing TURB. TRIAL REGISTRATION IDENTIFIER: NCT01991223 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).

title: The effect of intraoperative @entity6948 on postoperative catheter-related bladder discomfort in @entity1 undergoing transurethral XXXX resection: A prospective, double-blind, randomised study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['CRBD', 'Catheter-related bladder discomfort']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumour']

entities_list: @entity10233 :: ('MESH:C053562', 'Chemical') :: ['desflurane']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine', 'Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Psychological stress is a proposed risk factor for @entity65 ( @entity65 ), and @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), the sentinel stress-related @entity146 , occurs twice as frequently in @entity1 as @entity1 . However, whether @entity1005 contributes to @entity65 risk in @entity1 is not established. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We examined @entity130 exposure and @entity1005 symptoms in relation to incident @entity65 over a 20-year period in 49,978 @entity1 in the Nurses' Health Study II. Proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for @entity65 events confirmed by additional information or medical record review [n=548, including @entity583 (n=277) and @entity64 (n=271)]. @entity130 exposure and @entity1005 symptoms were assessed using the Brief @entity130 Questionnaire and a @entity1005 screen. Compared to no @entity130 exposure, endorsing 4 or more @entity1005 symptoms was associated with increased @entity65 risk after adjusting for age, family history, and childhood factors (HR=1.60 [95% CI, 1.20-2.13]). Being @entity130 -exposed and endorsing no @entity1005 symptoms was associated with elevated @entity65 risk (HR=1.45 [95% CI, 1.15-1.83]), although being @entity130 -exposed and endorsing 1-3 @entity1005 symptoms was not. After adjusting for adult health behaviors and medical risk factors, this pattern of findings was maintained. Health behaviors and medical risk factors accounted for 14% of the @entity130 /no symptoms- @entity65 association and 47% of the @entity130 /4+ symptoms- @entity65 association. CONCLUSIONS: - @entity130 exposure and elevated @entity1005 symptoms may increase risk of @entity65 in this population of @entity1 . These findings suggest screening for @entity65 risk and reducing health risk behaviors in @entity130 -exposed @entity1 may be promising avenues for prevention and intervention.

title: @entity130 Exposure and @entity1005 Symptoms Predict Onset of Cardiovascular Events in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: @entity38212 (NM) is an auto-oxidation by-product of @entity2922 synthesis which is observed almost exclusively in primates. We have estimated the distribution and the number of NM-positive neurons of the upper brainstem and the degree of their melanization from birth to the onset of senescence in 5 monkeys ( @entity5434 ) aged 0, 1.5, 3.5, 8 and 13 years. Series of sections taken at 640-microns intervals were examined either unstained to detect unstained NM, stained for NM with Masson @entity575 impregnation or processed by @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry to analyze catecholaminergic neurons. The proportion of NM-containing cells among TH-positive neurons varied from one catecholaminergic region to another: low in the @entity2339 and central gray substance (cgs); moderate in the cell group A8, and high in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra (SN). TH-positive neurons were detected in the SN, VTA, catecholaminergic cell group A8, LC, cgs and @entity2339 . At birth, although no unstained NM-positive neurons were detected, Masson-stained cells were observed, though only in the LC. At 1.5 and 3.5 years, Masson-positive neurons were observed despite the absence of visible pigment. At 8 and 13 years, unstained NM was present in Masson-positive neurons. The number of unstained NM-positive neurons and Masson-positive neurons and the amount of NM per neuron increased with age in each subregion studied. Nevertheless, some TH-positive neurons were found to be without NM. The data indicate a differential increased NM content with age in the neurons of midbrain catecholaminergic cell groups. However, its functional significance remains to be determined.

title: Neuromelanin accumulation with age in catecholaminergic neurons from XXXX brainstem.

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['Macaca fascicularis']

entities_list: @entity38212 :: ('MESH:C014121', 'Chemical') :: ['Neuromelanin']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['Macaca fascicularis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The genes conferring pathogenicity in @entity25068 turgidiscabies, a pathogen causing common scab of @entity415 , are grouped together on a pathogenicity island (PAI), which has been found to be mobile and appears to transfer and disseminate like an integrative and conjugative element (ICE). However, in @entity9250 , another common scab-inducing species, the pathogenicity genes are clustered in two regions: the toxicogenic region (TR) and the colonization region. The @entity71733 genome was analysed to investigate the potential mobility of the TR. Attachment sites (att), short homologous sequences that delineate ICEs, were identified at both extremities of the TR. An internal att site was also found, suggesting that the TR has a composite structure (TR1 and TR2). Thaxtomin biosynthetic genes, essential for pathogenicity, were found in TR1, whereas candidate genes with known functions in recombination, replication and conjugal transfer were found in TR2. Excision of the TR1 or TR2 subregions alone, or of the entire TR region, was observed, although the excision frequency of TR was low. However, the excision frequency was considerably increased in the presence of either @entity1138 or @entity25068 cells. A composite TR structure was not observed in all @entity9250 and @entity25068 acidiscabies strains tested. Of the ten strains analysed, seven lacked TR2 and no TR excision event could be detected in these strains, thus suggesting the implication of TR2 in the mobilization of @entity9250   TR.

title: Identification of genetic and environmental factors stimulating excision from XXXX chromosome of the toxicogenic region responsible for pathogenicity.

entities_list: @entity9250 :: ('1930', 'Species') :: ['S.   scabiei', 'Streptomyces scabiei']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity25068 :: ('1902', 'Species') :: ['Streptomyces coelicolor', 'Streptomyces']

answer: @entity9250 :: (1930,Species) :: ['Streptomyces scabiei']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with adverse cardiovascular effects. Therapy of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) may result in urinary @entity460 excretion and @entity460 apposition to bones, and consequently, in calcemia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal @entity460 levels in the blood of @entity1 receiving maximized @entity712 therapy, to explore clinical and laboratory determinants of abnormal serum @entity460 levels, and to analyze the relation of abnormal @entity460 levels to prognosis. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 722 @entity1 with @entity712 classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III-IV at baseline (age 53   10 years, 13% of @entity1 ), who underwent @entity712 therapy optimization to maximum tolerated doses. RESULTS: After therapy maximization, the NYHA class improved in 66.7% of the @entity1 , while it did not change in 31.0% and worsened in 2.4%. @entity3747 occurred in 166 @entity1 (22.9%) and was more prevalent in @entity1 in whom the NYHA class improved. @entity2741 was diagnosed in 63 @entity1 (8.7%) and was more common in @entity1 with no functional improvement or worsening of the NYHA class. This effect was independent of age, sex, etiology of @entity712 , body mass index, kidney function, or the use of @entity7206 . @entity2741 was associated with increased catabolism, hemodynamic compromise, more @entity32 , and lower bone mineral density. Lower albumin and higher @entity3151 levels, were significant predictors of @entity2741 , @entity8 . @entity3747 was associated with reduced catabolism, higher albumin and lower @entity3151 levels, use of @entity7206 , and smoking history. Neither @entity3747 nor @entity2741 was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with a clinical response to treatment maximization in @entity1 with @entity712 . Mild @entity3747 after maximization of therapy is not associated with poorer prognosis. @entity2741 is associated with lack of response to treatment, and its prognostic value remains unclear.

title: Abnormal serum @entity460 levels are associated with clinical response to maximization of XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia', 'Hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intensive inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['independently of kidney function']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['Hypercalcemia', 'hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity7206 :: ('MESH:D049971', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazides']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess both the possible complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) in @entity5 @entity1 and its effect on weight development. The medical records of 18 @entity1 with a median age of 2.5 years (range, 0.5-14.2 years) were reviewed. The diagnoses were @entity1778 , @entity1221 , @entity5 , and @entity706 . The indications for @entity970 were anticipated therapy-related nutritional problems and inadequate food intake, weight loss, swallowing problems in relation to paresis of the pharynx, and relapse of the disease. Ten @entity1 received a @entity970 at treatment start, and eight @entity1 received it at a median time of 3.4 months (range, 0.9-27.4 months) after treatment start. The median duration of having a @entity970 in place was 12.3 months (range, 1.2-24.0 months). At admission the median weight for age expressed as standard deviation (SD) was -0.11 (range, -2.78-2.68). There was a significant (p =.005) decrease in the median SD from admission until @entity970 installation. There was also a significant increase in the median SD from the start of @entity970 use until 1 (p =.04) and 2 (p =.039) months after start. The most common complications were @entity2749 of @entity32 of the @entity970 site, which were successfully treated with topically or orally administered antibiotics, and @entity2749 of @entity281 , which required intravenously administered antibiotics. Taking into consideration the medical condition of the @entity1 in the study group and the considerable length of time with a @entity970 in place, we believe that nutrition via @entity970 in @entity1 with @entity5 has several advantages and is rarely associated with other than minor complications.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant disease']


abstract: @entity72986 (CFAs) are synthetized in situ by the transfer of a @entity845 group from @entity3874 to a double bond of @entity5031 chains of membrane phospholipids. This conversion, catalyzed by the @entity3795 synthase enzyme, occurs in many bacteria and is recognized to play a key role in the adaptation of bacteria in response to a drastic perturbation of the environment. The role of CFAs in the acid tolerance response was investigated in the lactic acid bacterium @entity7878 MG1363. A mutant of the @entity3795 gene was constructed by allelic exchange. The @entity3795 gene encoding the @entity3795 synthase was cloned and introduced into the mutant to obtain the @entity465 for homologous system studies. Data obtained by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) validated that the mutant could not produce @entity3795 . The @entity3795 levels in both the wild-type and complemented strains increased upon their entry to stationary phase, especially with acid-adapted cells or, more surprisingly, with @entity1068 -adapted cells. The results obtained by performing quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments showed that transcription of the @entity3795 gene was highly induced by acidity (by 10-fold with cells grown at pH 5.0) and by @entity1068 (by 9-fold with cells grown with 6% @entity1068 ) in comparison with that in stationary phase. Cell viability experiments were performed after an acidic shock on the mutant strain, the wild-type strain, and the @entity465 , as a control. The higher viability level of the acid-adapted cells of the three strains after 3 h of shock proved that the cyclopropanation of @entity1474 is not essential for @entity26135 survival under acidic conditions. Moreover, fluorescence anisotropy data showed that @entity3795 itself could not maintain the membrane fluidity level, particularly with @entity1068 -grown cells.

title: Cyclopropanation of membrane @entity1474 is not essential to the acid stress response of XXXX subsp. @entity26135 .

entities_list: @entity845 :: ('CHEBI:29358', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene']

entities_list: @entity72986 :: ('MESH:C028775', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclopropane fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity26135 :: ('1359', 'Species') :: ['L. lactis subsp. cremoris']

entities_list: @entity3874 :: ('CHEBI:15414', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosyl-L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity5031 :: ('CHEBI:27208', 'Chemical') :: ['unsaturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complemented strain']

entities_list: @entity7878 :: ('1358', 'Species') :: ['Lactococcus lactis']

answer: @entity7878 :: (1358,Species) :: ['Lactococcus lactis']