abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the expression of @entity14215 and @entity3546 in @entity0 @entity1 , and analyzed the correlation of their combined expression with clinicopathological features, chemotherapeutic responses, and prognosis of @entity0 @entity1 . In total 276  @entity1 @entity0 tissues and 80  benign hyperplasia tissues were included. The expression of @entity14215 and @entity3546 was examined using tissue microarray-based immunohistochemistry. ROC curve analysis was performed to determine an optimal cut-off score for the expression of @entity14215 and @entity3546 , based on the survival status of @entity0 @entity1 . Survival probabilities were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. @entity14215 expression was higher, but @entity3546 showed no significant difference in @entity0 samples compared to controls. Compared with the membrane expression of @entity3546 [ @entity3546 (m)], the cytoplasmic expression of @entity3546 [ @entity3546 (c)] occurred significantly more frequently in @entity0 with the @entity14215 expression of @entity14215 [ @entity14215 ( @entity14215 )] than in @entity0 with the low expression of @entity14215 [ @entity14215 (low)] (P=0.014). The expression level of ALDH1A was significantly higher in @entity3546 (c) @entity0 than in @entity3546 (m) @entity0 (P=0.020). @entity14215 ( @entity14215 ) expression or @entity3546 (c) expression alone was associated with @entity1600 , and worse clinical outcome in @entity0 @entity1 , especially in @entity1 receiving @entity786 treatment. Combined expression of @entity14215 and @entity3546 (c) was associated with @entity1600 , poor outcome, and resistance to @entity786 treatment. @entity3546 may regulate @entity14215 expression in a subtype of @entity0 with @entity14215 and @entity3546 (c) expression. @entity14215 and @entity3546

title: Combined expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 and @entity3546 is associated with @entity1600 and poor survival in @entity0 XXXX following @entity786 treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Recent studies suggest that preoperative left ventricular function may no longer be an important determinant of survival or functional results after operation for @entity337 because of improved operative techniques. To assess the effect of left ventricular function on prognosis in the current surgical era, we performed echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic studies in 80 consecutive @entity1 undergoing valve replacement from 1976 to 1983. No @entity1 had associated @entity453 . For all @entity1 , 5 year survival was 83 +/- 5%, significantly better than the 62 +/- 9% 5 year survival in our @entity1 operated on from 1972 to 1976. Preoperative resting left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than .001), fractional shortening (p less than .001), and end-systolic dimension (p less than .01) were the most significant predictors of survival (univariate life-table analysis). Five year survival was 63 +/- 12% in @entity1 with subnormal ejection fraction (n = 50) compared with 96 +/- 3% in those with normal ejection fraction (n = 30). @entity1 with subnormal left ventricular ejection fraction and poor exercise tolerance or prolonged duration of @entity1002 (greater than 18 months) comprised the high-risk subgroup (5 year survival 52 +/- 11%). @entity1 in this subgroup also had persistent @entity1002 after operation, with greater left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and reduced ejection fraction (both p less than .001) compared with @entity1 with normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction or a brief duration of @entity1002 (less than 14 months). Cold hyperkalemic cardioplegia was used for myocardial preservation in 46 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Survival and functional results after valve replacement for XXXX from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: AIM: Aim of this study was to investigate the potential of @entity419 PET, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility-weighted (T2*) MRI to predict response to systemic treatment in @entity1 with @entity14 . The predictive values of pretreatment measurements and of early changes one week after start of therapy, were evaluated. METHODS: Imaging was performed prior to and one week after start of first line chemotherapy in 39 @entity1 with @entity14 . @entity419 PET scans were performed on a PET/CT scanner and DWI and T2* were performed on a 1.5T MR scanner. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2* value were assessed in the same lesions. Up to 5 liver metastases per @entity1 were analyzed. Outcome measures were progression free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and size response. RESULTS: Pretreatment, high SUVmax, high TLG, low ADC and high T2* were associated with a shorter @entity1349 . Low pretreatment ADC value was associated with shorter PFS. After 1 week a significant drop in SUVmax and rise in ADC were observed. The drop in SUV was correlated with the rise in ADC (r=-0.58, p=0.002). Neither change in ADC nor in SUV was predictive of PFS or @entity1349 . T2* did not significantly change after start of treatment. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment SUVmax, TLG, ADC, and T2* values in @entity14 are predictive of @entity1 outcome. Despite sensitivity of DWI and @entity419 PET for early treatment effects, change in these parameters was not predictive of long term outcome.

title: Multimodality Imaging to Predict Response to Systemic Treatment in XXXX with Advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Three cases of peritoneal @entity9007 are reported with guidelines for the diagnosis of this type of complication. The authors point out the value of the following signs: 1--increase of ventricular pressure with worsening of the clinical picture; 2--localized @entity158 in the abdomen; 3--difficulty to depress the capsule; 4--occurrence of subcutaneous collection of @entity2841 around the pathway of the catheter. In some occasions it is possible to palpate the mass of the pseudocyst. The presence of subcutaneous collection of @entity2841 around the pathway of the catheter is an important warning sign of peritoneal pseudocyst and must be differentiated from that originated by the disconnection between the capsule and the catheter. In this condition however, the accumulation of liquid begins in the cervical region. Also in this case the capsule @entity308 easily. The most precise diagnosis is achieved by X-Ray. The authors describe a method that consists in introducing a needle through the capsule and injecting 8cc of Dimer-X contrast. The catheter and the cavity of pseudo-cyst appear contrasted in the X-Ray film, establishing the definitive diagnosis. The authors discuss the physiopathology of @entity2841 accumulation; once the pseudocyst is formed, the intracranial pressure increases, and the fontanelle bulges, this leads to repeated pumping by the relatives and subsequent rising of pressure within the pseudo-cyst. At this point the @entity1 refers @entity158 at the location of the pseudo-cyst and the @entity2841 tends to lead around catheter. In babies the @entity490 leads to crying, thus increasing once more the intra-cystic pressure which favors the leakage of @entity2841 from the pseudo-cyst around the catheter.

title: [Peritoneal XXXX as a complication of cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Report of 3 cases and contribution for diagnosis].

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depresses']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['pseudocysts']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity9007 :: (MESH:D010192,Disease) :: ['pseudocysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the prognosis of a micropapillary (MP) pattern in @entity1 with @entity5 (SBOT). METHODS: Review of @entity1 with stage II and stage III SBOT treated or referred to our institution with characterization of an MP pattern and its clinical impact. RESULTS: In 1969-2006, 168 @entity1 were reviewed. Fifty-six @entity1 had @entity43 . The rate of conservative surgery was lower in the @entity43 group than in the typical SBOT group, but the rate of @entity1 with more than three peritoneal sites with implants was higher in the @entity43 group. The rate of invasive implants was not statistically different between the two groups. Eighteen recurrences were observed (six of them in the form of invasive disease) in the @entity43 group. Only one death was observed. The overall survival times and recurrence-free intervals were similar in both groups. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in the @entity43 group was the use of conservative surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In the present series, an MP pattern doesn't appear to signify a poor prognosis. The only prognostic factor for recurrence in @entity43 was the use of conservative surgery. Further studies on the MP pattern are needed to evaluate prognosis and the results of conservative surgery.

title: Prognosis and prognostic factors of the micropapillary pattern in @entity1 treated for stage II and III serous borderline XXXX of the ovary.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage II and stage III serous borderline tumor of the ovary']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple juxtacrine and paracrine interactions occur between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the @entity5 microenvironment (TME) that direct @entity5 progression. @entity5 Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are an integral component of the TME, and the majority of @entity0 stroma is comprised of CAFs. Heterotypic interactions between @entity5 cells and non- @entity5 cells of the TME occur via soluble agents, including cytokines, hormones, growth factors, and secreted microRNAs. We previously identified a microRNA signature indicative of hyperactive MAPK signaling (hMAPK-miRNA signature) that significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free and overall survival. Here we report that the hMAPK-miRNA signature associates with a high metric of stromal cell infiltrate, and we investigate the role of microRNAs, particularly hMAPK-microRNAs, secreted by CAFs on @entity172 receptor (ER) expression in @entity0 cells. ER-positive MCF-7/ltE2- cells were treated with @entity558 ( @entity558 ) from CAFs derived from @entity0 of different PAM50 subtypes (CAFBAS, CAFHER2, and CAFLA). CAF @entity558 isolated specifically from ER-negative primary @entity0 led to ER repression in vitro. Nanoparticle tracking analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of CAF-secreted exosomes in @entity558 and the uptake of these exosomes by the ER+ MCF-7/ltE2- cells. Differentially expressed microRNAs in CAF @entity558 as well as in MCF-7/ltE2- cells treated with this @entity558 were identified. Knockdown of @entity494 /222 in CAFBAS resulted in knockdown of @entity494 /222 levels in the @entity558 and the @entity558 from CAFBAS; @entity494 /222 knockdown rescued ER repression in ER-positive cell lines treated with CAFBAS- @entity558 . Collectively, our results demonstrate that CAF-secreted microRNAs are directly involved in ER-repression, and may contribute to the MAPK-induced ER repression in @entity0 cells.

title: Hierarchical paracrine interaction of XXXX associated fibroblasts with @entity5 cells via hMAPK-microRNAs to drive ER-negative @entity0 phenotype.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned media']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The characteristics of the @entity1 may favour the appearance of complications. Taking into account the high morbimortality of the process, we believe that is convenient knowing main features of @entity298 in postoperatory in our surgical area. METHODS: We have retrospectively studied the radical cystectomies having @entity86 . Variables considered can be classified in four main categories: @entity1 physiology, operation, @entity298 and morbimortality. RESULTS: During considered time, 9 of 80 cystectomies showed complications related with @entity298 (11,25%). Except one @entity1 , 44-year-old, all others where 50-year-old or older males. 5 surgeries were curative and 4 palliative. 5 of the @entity298 appeared during first week. Initial mechanism was dehiscence, @entity39 or @entity101 (6.2 and 1 respectivelly). In 6 @entity1 , origin was ureteroileal anastomosis, 2 intestinal anastomosis and I cutaneous ureterostomy. 3 of 9 @entity1 died due to @entity298 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1320 during the immediate post operative period of radical cystectomy is high and, often, difficult to diagnose. In @entity1 subjected to this surgery as a palliative method, possibility of showing complications is higher. To correct this medical profile, early intervention is fundamental, determining @entity1 prognosis.

title: [Acute XXXX after radical cystectomy. Experience at our hospital and bibliographic review].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['acute peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritonitis']


abstract: @entity5607 ( @entity5607 ) is a well known @entity74 . Isolated exostoses, on the other hand, occur as sporadic events or as secondary post-traumatic sequel. The occurrence of solitary exostoses in individuals from pedigrees affected with @entity5607 may distort conclusions about carrier status and/or diagnosis. Both conditions are potentially malignant and both are associated with genetic alterations in either @entity18215 or @entity18216 genes. In this study, we present a seven-generation family from western Sweden consisting of 170 blood relatives, 38 of whom had multiple cartilaginous exostoses, while 8 had isolated exostoses. Linkage analysis aimed to discern one of the known @entity5608 genes demonstrated linkage of the @entity5607 phenotype to the @entity18216 gene. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed a novel mutation, @entity70568 , in this gene. All carriers of the detected mutation had multiple exostoses, indicating full penetrance. None of the pedigree members with isolated exostoses were carriers of the detected mutation. Two of the mutation carriers developed @entity511 yielding a 5.2% risk of malignant development for this mutation. The detection of this mutation has enabled us to provide appropriate genetic counseling concerning this complex situation.

title: Hereditary multiple and isolated sporadic exostoses in the same kindred: identification of the causative gene ( @entity18216 ) and detection of a new mutation, XXXX , that distinguishes the two phenotypes.

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity70568 :: ('|DEL|112|NT,AT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['nt112delAT']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant hereditary orthopedic disorder']

entities_list: @entity5607 :: ('MESH:D005097', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary multiple exostoses', 'HME']

answer: @entity70568 :: (|DEL|112|NT,AT,DNAMutation) :: ['nt112delAT']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence for the existence of a wide range of molecules characteristic of fibrocartilage at normal alar ligament entheses, that may have a bearing on the pathogenesis of @entity309 . The alar ligaments provide the mechanical restraint for @entity717 and their integrity can be compromised in @entity1 with @entity309 and occasionally in those with @entity5145 . METHODS: Both alar ligaments from 6 cadavers were fixed in 90% @entity1042 and cryosectioned longitudinally. Sections were immunolabelled with antibodies against collagens, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans. The immunohistochemical data were related to estimates of insertional angle change at the entheses that were calculated from measurements of ligament length and dens diameter. RESULTS: Molecules typical of fibrocartilage (including type II collagen, link protein, and aggrecan) were found at both entheses, but labelling was more prominent at the odontoid end. This correlated with a 3-fold greater insertional angle change during 40 degrees of @entity717 at the attachment of the ligament to the dens. At the odontoid enthesis, fibrocartilage differentiation was most conspicuous posteriorly. CONCLUSION: The changes in insertional angle mean that compressive forces are prominent at both entheses, but particularly at the odontoid end, where the ligament partly wraps around the dens during @entity717 . Thus, mechanical conditions are created that lead to pronounced fibrocartilage development, hence the expression of type II collagen, link protein, and aggrecan. The prominence of these molecules at the entheses raises the possibility that they could be antigenic targets for an autoimmune response in @entity627 .

title: Expression of a wide range of fibrocartilage molecules at the entheses of the alar ligaments - possible antigenic targets for XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head rotation']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: Between 1972 and 1979, forty-six @entity1 underwent endocrine ablative surgery, having failed combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery (including oophorectomy). All had clinically measurable disease; nearly half were afflicted with @entity158 . Each was judged to be a candidate for the procedure by @entity172 receptor studies (52%), response to L-dopa (39%), or response to prior oophorectomy (8%). All were followed to their death or to the present, with a minimum of 12 months for those alive. Thirty-one (67%) were improved, and disease was arrested in five (11%) for a median time of 13.5 months. There was no difference in response rates or intervals between @entity172 receptor-positive and L-dopa-positive groups. Response was not correlated with disease-free interval or menopausal status. Best results were achieved in those with metastases confined to an organ system, particularly the skeletal complex. The procedure is withheld in those with brain metastases. Postablative chemotherapy appeared to prolong the control interval, though numbers are small. The low morbidity and mortality (one death) of midline adrenaloophorectomy combined with the high incidence of recapture of disease leads us to recommend this procedure in appropriately selected @entity1 who have previously failed other therapeutic modalities.

title: Endocrine ablation in breast cancer XXXX who have failed cytotoxic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['bone pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of studies showed @entity73 in @entity162 @entity1 but few researches have studied the impact of mood episodes or duration of @entity221 on neuropsychological functioning. METHODS: Cognitive functioning was examined in 110 @entity162 outpatients with different mood state ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed episode and euthymia). The neuropsychological battery included The Visual Search Test, @entity2205 Making Test, Corsi Test, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Cognitive Estimation Task (CET) and Tower of London and it assessed attention, memory and executive/planning functions. Failures in the different cognitive tests were compared between groups using   (2) tests with Bonferroni's corrections. Finally a binary logistic regression was performed in order to find an eventual association between age and duration of @entity221 and CET bizarreness. RESULTS: All the symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed) failed more frequently The Visual Search Test in comparison with euthymics (  (2)=9.882, df=3, p=0.017, phi=0.30; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 32.2%, @entity308 @entity1 30.6%, euthymics 0%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). CET was performed worse by @entity162 and euthymic @entity1 (  (2)=10.086, df=3, p=0.015, phi=0.31; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 46.4%, @entity308 @entity1 22.9%, euthymics 52.1%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). Finally, a longer duration of @entity221 was found to be predictive of more bizarreness at CET (OR=1.06, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar @entity1 present impairment in different cognitive domains even in euthymic phases. @entity75 might be associated with a long duration of @entity221 as shown by number of bizarreness at CET in chronic @entity162 @entity1 .

title: The impact of mood episodes and duration of @entity221 on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar 1', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognition in bipolar disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To determine the percentage of complete responders and the resectability rate for @entity1 with locally advanced @entity188 treated by @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) infusional chemotherapy and pelvic radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between October 1992 and June 1996, 29 @entity1 with a diagnosis of locally advanced unresectable @entity5 received preoperative 5 FU by continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 225 mg/m2/day concurrent with pelvic radiation (median 54 Gy/28 fractions). All @entity1 were clinical stage T4 on the bases of organ invasion or @entity5 fixation. Median time for surgical resection was 6 weeks. RESULTS: Median follow-up for the group was 28 months (range 5-57 months). Six @entity1 were felt to be persistently unresectable or developed distant @entity3 and did not undergo surgical resection. Of the 29 @entity1 , 23 proceeded to surgery, 18 were resectable for cure, 13 by abdominoperineal resection, 3 by anterior resection and 2 by local excision. Of the 29 @entity1 , 4 (13%) had a complete response, and 90% were clinically downstaged. Of the 18 resected @entity1 , 1 has died of his disease, 17 are alive, and 15 disease-free. The regimen was well tolerated; there was only one treatment-related complication, a wound dehiscence. CONCLUSION: The combination of 5 FU infusion and pelvic radiation in the management of locally advanced @entity5 is well tolerated and provides a baseline for comparison purposes with future combinations of newer systemic agents and radiation.

title: Preoperative radiation with concurrent XXXX continuous infusion for locally advanced unresectable @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity40607 group (PcG) proteins are important epigenetic regulatory proteins that modulate the chromatin state through posttranslational histone modifications. These interacting proteins form multimeric complexes that repress gene expression. Thus, PcG proteins are expected to evolve coordinately, which might be reflected in their phylogenetic trees by concordant episodes of positive selection and by a correlation in evolutionary rates. In order to detect these signals of coevolution, the molecular evolution of 17 genes encoding the subunits of five @entity40607 repressive complexes has been analyzed in the @entity238 genus. The observed distribution of divergence differs substantially among and along proteins. Indeed, @entity71176 is uniformly conserved, whereas only the established protein domains are conserved in other proteins, such as PHO, @entity71177 , @entity71178 , @entity71179 and ASX. Moreover, regions with a low divergence not yet described as protein domains are present, for instance, in @entity71180 and @entity71181 . Maximum likelihood methods indicate an acceleration in the nonsynonymous substitution rate at the lineage ancestral to the obscura group species in most genes encoding subunits of the Pcl-PRC2 complex and in genes @entity71180 , @entity71178 and @entity71182 . These methods also allow inferring the action of positive selection in this lineage at genes E(z) and @entity71180 . Finally, the protein interaction network predicted from the complete proteomes of 12 @entity238 species using a coevolutionary approach shows two tight PcG clusters. These clusters include well-established binary interactions among PcG proteins as well as new putative interactions.Heredity advance online publication, 21 October 2015; doi:10.1038/hdy.2015.91.

title: Adaptive selection and coevolution at the proteins of the @entity40607 repressive complexes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: The present study examines the development of @entity342 accumulation in cells of two brain nuclei that are involved in controlling vocal behavior in zebra finches ( @entity12128 ). HVc (caudal nucleus of the ventral hyperstriatum) is involved with vocal production in adult birds, and @entity1 (magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum) is involved with the initial ability to learn song. In both of these nuclei there is an increase in the proportion of cells that are labeled by systemic injections of tritiated @entity586 in juvenile male zebra finches during the time when production of song is becoming stereotyped (25-60 days). Within @entity1 there is an overall loss of cells during this time, such that the absolute number of @entity342 target cells in @entity1 remains at a constant level. However, it does not appear to be the case that unlabeled cells are selectively lost from @entity1 . Rather it appears that both labeled and unlabeled cells are lost, and the absolute number of labeled cells is maintained at a constant level via recruitment of additional labeled cells from the unlabeled population (i.e., some @entity1 cells that are unlabeled in young birds become labeled in older birds). In line with this hypothesis, there is a large increase in the density of labeling in individual @entity1 cells, indicating that these cells have an enhanced ability to concentrate @entity342 . In contrast to the situation in @entity1 , there is an increase in the overall number of cells within HVc during this time; this increase in total cell number combines with the increased proportion of labeled cells such that the absolute number of @entity342 target cells in HVc increases threefold. The ability of individual HVc cells to accumulate @entity342 remains constant. The relationship of these changes in the pattern of @entity342 accumulation to other aspects of neural and behavioral development related to song in zebra finches are discussed.

title: Ontogenetic changes in the pattern of XXXX accumulation in song-control nuclei of male zebra finches.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity12128 :: ('59729', 'Species') :: ['Poephila guttata']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: PURPOSE: Newly developed extra-mammary @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are an issue of concern when considering the management of @entity0 survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of @entity5 and to evaluate the implications of @entity5 on the survival of @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8204 @entity1 who underwent surgery at Severance Hospital between 1990 and 2012 were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathologic features and survival over follow-up periods of  <=5 and >5 years were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 67.3 months, 962 @entity5 in 858 @entity1 (10.5%) were detected. Synchronous and metachronous @entity5 were identified in 23.8% and 79.0% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity259 was the most prevalent, and the second most common was @entity5 . At  <=5 years, @entity1 with @entity5 were older and demonstrated significantly worse survival despite a higher proportion of @entity1 with lower-stage @entity5 . Nevertheless, an increased risk of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity5 did not reach statistical significance at >5 years. The causes of @entity204 in many of the @entity1 with @entity5 were not related to @entity0 . Stage-matched analysis revealed that the implications of @entity5 on survival were more evident in the early stages of @entity1558 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity1 with @entity5 showed worse survival, especially when early-stage disease was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to follow screening programs in @entity0 survivors and to establish guidelines for improving prognosis and quality of life.

title: Characteristics and Survival of @entity0 XXXX with Multiple Synchronous or Metachronous Primary Cancers.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['multiple primary cancers', 'gynecologic cancer', 'MPCs']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast disease']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['Thyroid cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the value of oral effervescent powder (EP) for evaluation of esophageal distension, and for detection and staging of @entity418 with contrast-enhanced CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 84 @entity1 without esophageal pathology and 52 @entity1 with histological confirmed diagnosis of @entity418 were included in this prospective IRB-approved study. Half of the @entity1 in both groups received EP prior to CT. Esophageal distension was assessed by planimetry of the inner (IA) and outer area (OA). Two blinded readers evaluated the datasets separately with regard to diagnosis of @entity418 (yes/no) and staging (T0-T4), if applicable. Distension results were compared (t-Test). In @entity1 with @entity5 sensitivity, specificity, NPV and @entity2286 were calculated. CT staging results were compared to histopathology (Cohen-k). RESULTS: IA and IA/OA were significantly larger after EP as compared to the group without EP (p<0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, NPV and @entity2286 for @entity5 detection @entity5 were as follows: 78%/78%, 98%/98%, 95%/95%, 87%/87% with EP; 60%/68%, 98%/98%, 94%/94%, 80%/83% without EP. Staging with EP was good (k=0.84/0.67) and moderate without EP (k=0.58/0.59). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of EP prior to CT results in good distension of the esophagus, and improves detection and staging of @entity418 , as compared to control studies without EP.

title: Value of oral effervescent powder administration for multidetector CT evaluation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity68 accumulation has been linked to @entity528 following @entity2806 . In animals, a hypointense signal on T2*-weighted (T2*-w) MRI correlated with @entity68 deposits in remote brain regions following @entity385 . We aim to assess whether such signal changes are present in remote brain structures following @entity385 in @entity1 . METHODS: We analyzed T2*-w images of 36 @entity1 with unilateral @entity385 and 36 healthy controls. Regions of interest (ROIs) consisted of the thalamus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus and white matter. To quantify signal intensity in ROIs ipsilateral to the @entity1188 , signal intensity was measured in the ROIs in both hemispheres and a ratio of signal intensity was calculated. Signal asymmetry was compared between @entity1 and controls and its relation with time after @entity64 onset was assessed. RESULTS: In 34 (94%) @entity1 , the thalamus ipsilateral to the @entity1188 was hypointense compared to the contralateral thalamus. Ipsilateral thalamic signal hypointensity was significantly different between @entity1 and controls (p < 0.001) and was present as early as 1 day after @entity64 onset. In other ROIs, no difference was found between @entity1 and controls. No association was found between intensity asymmetry and time. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated that, as early as days after @entity385 , T2*-w signal intensity was decreased in the ipsilateral thalamus. This finding might indicate pathophysiologic changes in regions outside the infarcted area, possibly reflecting toxic @entity68 accumulation.

title: MRI Susceptibility Changes Suggestive of @entity68 Deposition in the Thalamus after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal injury']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) is a validated and widely adopted instrument that measures @entity1 quality of life. This study aims to describe and compare @entity1 quality of life in the bowel, urinary, and @entity263 treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review of English articles published prior to 2012 was conducted. Peer reviewed articles reporting longitudinal EPIC data in a statistically analyzable form with clearly defined time points were included. Articles were assessed by content experts to ensure optimal treatment quality. Screening of studies and extraction of data were completed using a predefined data abstraction tool. Data on bowel, urinary, and sexual domains were documented. Scores in each domain range from a low of 0 to a high of 100. RESULTS: Twenty-six articles, representing 8302 @entity1 , were included. All treatments were associated with short term or long term reductions in urinary, bowel, and sexual domains. Surgery @entity1 had better post-treatment bowel quality of life; however, average declines were small regardless of treatment. Post-treatment urinary incontinence scores were lower for surgery @entity1 ; while radiation @entity1 had worse urinary irritation. Average urinary bother and function were similar between treatment groups at 18 months post-treatment. Surgery @entity1 had better baseline sexual function. A greater decline in sexual function was observed in surgery @entity1 compared to radiation @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity263 treatments have different impacts on @entity1 quality of life and function. The magnitude of difference between treatment-related adverse effects may be important to @entity1 when choosing therapy.

title: A systematic review of expanded XXXX index composite (EPIC) quality of life after surgery or radiation treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['sexual domains across different prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: 1. The @entity35 heart develops a @entity1184 after @entity1188 which is secondary to @entity1284 in the left ventricle (LV) and to pressure overload in the right ventricle (RV). This study was undertaken to determine whether the reduced inotropic response to @entity141 presented by the LV of infarcted @entity35 extends to the RV and whether this hemodynamic profile in vivo affects the contractile performance of the ventricles assessed in vitro. 2. Male adult @entity35 were submitted to left coronary artery ligation to produce @entity1188 ( @entity1188 ) or to a sham surgery (SO) and used 4 to 5 weeks later. The hemodynamic data were recorded in the anesthetized animals and the systolic performance of both ventricles was evaluated in vitro in the hearts perfused by the Langendorff technique. The isovolumic systolic pressure (ISP) developed by both ventricles was measured at various diastolic pressures (0 to 30 mmHg) and @entity141 concentrations (0.62, 1.25, and 2.50 mM). 3. The RV systolic pressure was higher in @entity1188 (N = 12) than in SO (N = 12) @entity35 (42 +/- 5 vs 26 +/- 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). A positive and linear correlation (r = 0.86, P < 0.01) between RV systolic pressure and the RV weight to body weight ratio in @entity1188 @entity35 was observed. 4. Length-dependent activation, evaluated by using normalized ventricular function curves, was unchanged in the RV of @entity1188 hearts. In the @entity1188 LV, however, a slight improvement of the normalized systolic performance was observed in relation to SO hearts for diastolic pressures higher than 15 mmHg. 5. A similar @entity308 of the inotropic response to @entity141 was observed in both ventricles of @entity1188 hearts. Moreover, for @entity1188 hearts the increase of the ISP to @entity141 flattened at lower @entity141 concentrations in relation to the SO group. 6. The present results demonstrate that LV @entity1188 in @entity35 depresses the contractile performance of both ventricles. The reduced inotropic response to @entity141 presented by both ventricles may contribute to the reduced capacity of the @entity1188 heart to generate external work under conditions of higher metabolic demand.

title: Analysis of right and left ventricular performance of the XXXX heart with chronic myocardial infarction.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Inf', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the stand-up test and gait speed, @entity626 ( @entity571 ), and @entity170 using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A total of 185 subjects (55 @entity1 , 130 @entity1 ) aged >= 40 years (mean age, 63.7 years; range, 40-79 years) were evaluated using the stand-up test to screen for @entity426 . We also assessed @entity571 of the knee using X-rays and a subjective questionnaire, physical characteristics, 6-m gait speed (m/s), and bone density. If results on the stand-up test were worse than benchmarks by age group (i.e., the height at which 50% of each age group could stand-up), the subject was defined as having a risk for @entity426 (L group). We analyzed the relationship between the stand-up test and other variables. RESULTS: Of 185 subjects, 50 (27.0%) were classified into the L group. In univariate analysis, there were significant differences between the L group and non-L group in bone density (p  <  0.001), gait speed (p  <  0.001), @entity170 (p  <  0.001), @entity73 ( @entity73 ) (cut off 1  m/s), and Japanese @entity626 measure score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, height, weight, and gender showed a significant association between the stand-up test and bone density (OR 0.960, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.927-0.994), gait speed (m/s) (OR 0.073, 95% CI 0.016-0.342), @entity170 (OR 3.710, 95% CI 1.410-9.764), and @entity73 (OR 7.849, 95% CI 1.628-37.845). CONCLUSIONS: The stand-up test to screen for the risk for @entity426 was associated with bone density, gait speed, @entity170 , @entity73 . The stand-up test is an easy test to use to screen for possible disability among the elderly.

title: Relation between the stand-up test and gait speed, @entity626 , and XXXX using calcaneal quantitative ultrasound - Cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['SGSG', 'slow gait speed group']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['locomotive syndrome']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of @entity9 produced by @entity1897 on mass, myofibrillar protein content, and cross-sectional areas of Type I and II fibers of @entity35 hindlimb muscles. METHOD: Adult male @entity35 were assigned to one of three groups: a @entity158 group (n = 10) that underwent ligation and cut of the left L5 spinal nerve, a sham group (n = 10) that underwent a sham cut procedure, or a control group (n = 10) that underwent no procedures. The withdrawal threshold test was done to assess @entity158 threshold on each of Days 1-7 and 14. Activity, body weight, and food intake were measured daily for 2 weeks. At 15 days, @entity35 were anesthetized and the bilateral soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles dissected. RESULTS: At 15 days post-ligation, the @entity158 group had significant decreases in total dietary intake, body weight, activity, and muscle weight as compared to sham and control animals. Muscle weight and cross-sectional area of Type II fiber of the ipsilateral soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles decreased as did myofibrillar protein content of the @entity121 . Muscle weight of the contralateral gastrocnemius muscle decreased, as did myofibrillar protein content and cross-sectional area of Type II fiber of the contralateral plantaris muscle. CONCLUSION: Hindlimb @entity2057 occurs in both ipsilateral and contralateral sides following induction of @entity9 by unilateral @entity1897 . Muscle changes of the ipsilateral side are more pronounced than those of the contralateral side.

title: Hindlimb XXXX occurs from @entity1897 in a @entity35 @entity9 model.

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity2057 :: (MESH:D009133,Disease) :: ['muscle atrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Median survival of @entity1 with @entity991 ( @entity991 ) has been estimated to be 12 years. Cholangiography is the gold standard for diagnosis but is rarely used in estimating prognosis. AIMS: To assess the natural history of Dutch @entity991 @entity1 and to evaluate the prognostic value of a cholangiographic classification system. @entity1 : A total of 174 @entity1 with established @entity991 attending a university hospital and three teaching hospitals from 1970 to 1999. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for validity and time of diagnosis, concurrent @entity29 , interventions, liver transplantation, occurrence of @entity201 , and @entity204 . Follow up data were obtained from the charts and from the attending clinician or family physician. Median follow up was 76 months (range 1-300). The earliest available cholangiography was scored using a radiological classification system for the severity of @entity1463 , developed in our institution. Survival curves were computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cholangiographic staging was used to construct a prognostic model, applying Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: The estimated median survival from time of diagnosis to @entity204 from @entity409 or liver transplantation was 18 years. @entity201 was found in 18 (10%) @entity1 . Fourteen @entity1 (8%) underwent liver transplantation. Cholangiographic scoring was inversely correlated with survival. A combination of intrahepatic and extrahepatic scoring, together with age at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, proved strongly predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS: The observed survival was considerably better than reported in earlier series from Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Classification and staging of @entity854 has prognostic value.

title: Natural history of XXXX and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['PSC', 'primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma', 'Cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: Regurgitation and aspiration of feedings is a significant problem in @entity1 with impaired oral intake fed via gastrostomy. Using extended (18-24 hour) esophageal pH monitoring to assess @entity354 ( @entity354 ), we studied prospectively 32 @entity1 (aged 2 to 16 years) referred for feeding gastrostomy. Twenty-five @entity1 had repeat esophageal pH monitoring after surgery. Prior to surgery, @entity354 was documented in 23 (72%) of the 32 @entity1 . Twenty-two of the 23 @entity1 with @entity354 before surgery had an antireflux operation performed in conjunction with the feeding gastrostomy. @entity354 was clinically significant in the single failed antireflux operation and in the @entity1 with @entity354 before surgery who only had a gastrostomy performed. All nine @entity1 without @entity354 only had gastrostomy performed. Six of these developed @entity354 by pH monitoring after surgery, with significant @entity391 in four. Of our 11 @entity1 remaining at risk for @entity354 after surgery, seven (64%) had persistent @entity391 with @entity3685 . Thus, 91% (29 of 32) of the @entity1 were potentially at risk for @entity354 if a gastrostomy only was performed. We believe these data support the need for a "protective" antireflux operation in @entity1 referred for feeding gastrostomy.

title: Protective antireflux operation with feeding gastrostomy. Experience with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3685 :: ('MESH:D019959', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy feedings']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER', 'Gastroesophageal reflux']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A Korean version of Toronto Extremity Salvage Score (TESS), a widely used disease-specific @entity1 -reported questionnaire for assessing physical function of @entity242 @entity1 , has not been developed. OBJECTIVES: 1) to translate and cross-culturally adapt the TESS into Korean, and 2) to examine its comprehensibility, reliability and validity. METHODS: TESS was translated into Korean, then translated back into English, and reviewed by a committee to develop the consensus version of the Korean TESS. The Korean TESS was administered to 126 @entity1 to examine its comprehensibility, reliability, and validity. RESULTS: Comprehensibility was high, as the @entity1 rated questions as "easy" or "very easy" in 96% for the TESS lower extremity (LE) and in 97% for the TESS upper extremity (UE). Test-retest reliability with intraclass coefficient (0.874 for LE and 0.979 for UE) and internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha (0.978 for LE and 0.989 for UE) were excellent. Korean TESS correlated with the MSTS score (r   =   0.772 for LE and r   =   0.635 for UE), and physical functioning domain of EORTC-CLQ C30 (r   =   0.840 for LE and r   =   0.630 for UE). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that Korean version of the TESS is a comprehensible, reliable, and valid instrument to measure @entity1 -reported functional outcome in @entity1 with extremity @entity242 . J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:93-97.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Korean Toronto Extremity Salvage Score for extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11262 ( @entity8848 ) is a rare high-grade variant of @entity511 . Consensus has not been reached on its optimal management. Resection with wide margins is usually recommended, but the effect of margins has been demonstrated by little positive evidence. Moreover, the effectiveness of adjuvant chemo- and/or radiotherapy remains controversial. OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity8848 of bone and soft tissue, to assess the efficacies of surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, and finally to deliver a more appropriate therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed EMBASE-, MEDLINE-, Cochrane-, Ovid- and PubMed-based to find out all cases of @entity8848 of bone and soft tissue described between April 1994 and April 2014. Description of treatment and regular follow-up was required for each study. Language was restricted to English and Chinese. Issues of age, gender, location, @entity3 , and treatment were all evaluated for each case. Kaplan-Meier Method and Cox Proportional Hazard Regression Model were used in the survival analysis. RESULTS: From the 630 identified publications, 18 meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, involving a total of 107 @entity1 . Based on these data, the 5-, 10-and 20-year overall survival are 55.0%, 43.5% and 15.7% respectively. The 5-, 10-, 20- year event-free survival rates are 45.0%, 27.2% and 8.1%, respectively. Treatment without surgery is associated with poorer overall survival and event-free survival. Negative surgical margins could significantly bring down the local-recurrence rate and are associated with a higher event-free survival rate. Chemotherapy regime based on @entity8253 does not benefit the overall survival. The addition of radiation therapy is not significantly associated with the overall or event-free survival. However, we recommend radiation as the salvage therapy for @entity1 with positive margin so as to achieve better local control. CONCLUSIONS: This review shows that surgery is essential in the management of @entity8848 of bone and soft tissue. Appropriate adjuvant therapy may reduce local recurrence, but cannot benefit the overall survival.

title: XXXX and soft tissue: a systematic review of 107 @entity1 in the past 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity11262 :: ('MESH:D018211', 'Disease') :: ['Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity11262 :: (MESH:D018211,Disease) :: ['Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of bone']


abstract: Recent data indicate that phagocytosis mediated by FcgammaRs is controlled by the @entity7242 and @entity10255 families of protein @entity669 kinases. In this study, we demonstrate a sequential involvement of @entity18226 and @entity10255 in the phagocytosis of IgG-coated particles. The particles isolated at the stage of their binding to FcgammaRs (4 degrees C) were accompanied by high amounts of @entity18226 , in addition to the signaling gamma-chain of FcgammaRs. Simultaneously, the particle binding induced rapid @entity669 phosphorylation of numerous proteins. During synchronized internalization of the particles induced by shifting the cell to 37 degrees C, @entity10255 kinase and @entity7242 homology 2-containing @entity669 phosphatase-1 ( @entity46999 ) were associated with the formed phagosomes. At this step, most of the proteins were dephosphorylated, although some underwent further @entity669 phosphorylation. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy studies confirmed that @entity18226 accumulated under the plasma membrane beneath the bound particles. High amounts of the gamma-chain and @entity669 -phosphorylated proteins were also observed under the bound particles. When the particles were internalized, the gamma-chain was still detected in the region of the phagosomes, while amounts of @entity18226 were markedly reduced. In contrast, the vicinity of the phagosomes was heavily decorated with anti- @entity10255 and anti- @entity46999 Abs. The local level of protein @entity669 phosphorylation was reduced. The data indicate that the accumulation of @entity18226 during the binding of IgG-coated particles to FcgammaRs correlated with strong @entity669 phosphorylation of numerous proteins, suggesting an initiating role for @entity18226 in protein phosphorylation at the onset of the phagocytosis. @entity10255 kinase and @entity46999 phosphatase are mainly engaged at the stage of particle internalization.

title: @entity18226 and XXXX kinases are sequentially engaged in phagocytosis mediated by Fc gamma R.

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity10255 :: (6850,Gene) :: ['Syk']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: @entity19629 ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of XXXX by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic @entity1 @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity19629 :: ('MESH:C533860', 'Chemical') :: ['Macitentan', 'macitentan']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: Monocytes can be activated by incubation with opsonized zymosan (Zop), and under these conditions can oxidize low density lipoprotein (LDL). We have characterized the biochemical changes in the lipoprotein after this oxidation. We found that monocyte-oxidized LDL has increased mobility on agarose gels, increased absorbance at 234 nm, increased content of @entity6579 , and fluorescence at 430 nm when excited at 350 nm. All these features were somewhat less pronounced in monocyte-oxidized LDL than in LDL oxidized by 5 micrometer @entity12239 . Under appropriate conditions, Zop-stimulated monocytes oxidized LDL to a form recognized by macrophage scavenger receptors. Monocytes stimulated by Zop produced @entity224 and also oxidized LDL, whereas monocytes stimulated by @entity4621 produced slightly more @entity224 but did not oxidize LDL. We found that the chelators @entity1098 and @entity5531 inhibited LDL oxidation by Zop-stimulated monocytes, implying a requirement for @entity9546 ions. We found that Zop contained approximately 5 nmol @entity68 per mg, probably as @entity596 . Zop stripped of its @entity68 supported @entity224 production by monocytes, but did not support LDL oxidation. Furthermore, @entity8798 appeared in the medium when monocytes were incubated with Zop, but not with @entity68 -stripped Zop. Taken together, these results imply that monocytes stimulated by Zop are able to oxidize LDL only because of contaminating @entity68 in the commercial zymosan preparations. and requirement for @entity9546 ions.

title: LDL oxidation by activated monocytes: characterization of the oxidized LDL and requirement for XXXX ions.

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity9546 :: ('CHEBI:27081', 'Chemical') :: ['transition metal']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity5531 :: ('MESH:D004369', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity9546 :: (CHEBI:27081,Chemical) :: ['transition metal']


abstract: The European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) 22861 randomised trial established that combined radiochemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced @entity5 . This EORTC phase II study (#22953) tests the feasibility of reducing the gap between sequences to 2 weeks, to deliver @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) in each radiotherapy sequence and @entity1487 continuously during the treatment. The first sequence consisted of 36 Gy over 4 weeks. @entity1487 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-26, @entity1139 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 gap 16 days. Then a second sequence of 23.4 Gy over 17 days, @entity1487 200 mg/m(2)/days 1-17 and, @entity1139 10 mg/m(2)/day 1 was given. 43 @entity1 with a World Health Organization (WHO) status of 0 (n=27) or 1 (n=16) and with T2-T4, N0-3 @entity5 were included. Compliance with the planned treatment, doses and duration was 93%. The complete response rate was 90.7%. Grade 3 @entity137 of 28, 12 and 2% were observed for skin, @entity294 and haematological @entity137 , respectively. The 3-year estimated rates for trials 22861 and 22953 are: 68 and 88% for local control; 72 and 81% for colostomy-free interval, 62 and 84% for severe late @entity137 -free interval, and 70 and 81% for survival, respectively. The 22953 scheme is feasible and the results are promising. This is now considered as the new standard scheme by the EORTC.

title: Shortened irradiation scheme, continuous infusion of @entity1487 and fractionation of XXXX in locally advanced anal carcinomas. Results of a phase II study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 . Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anal cancer', 'tumours', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to present a 20-year experience with a single method of passive distal perfusion during descending thoracic aortic @entity439 resection. METHODS: Aortic repair with a Dacron graft interposition was performed for 366 consecutive @entity439 located between the left subclavian artery and the crux of the diaphragm. The extent of aorta resected in 335 @entity1 (91.5%) represented one third or less of the aortic length. @entity30726 mm Gott shunt was cannulated proximally into the ascending aorta (235 cases), the aortic arch (60 cases), the descending aorta (68 cases), or the left ventricle (3 cases) and inserted distally into the descending aorta (232 cases), the femoral artery (127 cases), or the abdominal aorta (7 cases). Shunt flows were recorded in 91 cases and varied from 1100 ml to 4900 ml/min, (mean 2526 ml/min). Distal pressure during shunting was measured in 62 @entity1 . It varied from 15 to 120 mm Hg (mean 64.5 mm Hg). The aortic cross-clamp time varied from 8 to 124 minutes (mean 30 minutes). RESULTS: The hospital death rate was 12% overall and 9.9% (35/351) if @entity1756 are excluded. Among 359 operating room survivors, neither immediate nor delayed ischemic @entity602 occurred. Transient @entity8 occurred in nine @entity1 (2.4%) and @entity177 in one (0.2%). Five deaths (1.3%) were shunt related. CONCLUSION: Distal perfusion with the 9 mm Gott shunt has proven to be an effective method to preserve spinal cord function. The limited extent of aorta resected and the brief aortic cross-clamp time may also be interactive factors of protection.

title: XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta: three hundred sixty-six consecutive cases resected without paraplegia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord deficit']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysms']


abstract: @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) is an independent risk factor for a variety of @entity65 , such as @entity301 , @entity101 , @entity64 , etc. There is a close relationship between the vascular endothelial cell apoptosis and these diseases. Recent studies have shown @entity1255 can induce apoptosis in endothelial cells, which may be an important mechanism for the development of theses @entity65 . Although there are several reports about how the @entity5784 induces apoptosis in endothelial cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA. Previous studies have shown that there is a close relationship between several microRNAs and cell apoptosis. However, there are no studies about the role of microRNAs in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells so far. In this study, we constructed the model of @entity1255 -induced apoptosis in @entity1 coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) and found @entity39767 was significantly down-regulated by 1 mmol/L @entity5784 . In addition, overexpression of @entity39767 can improve the @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in HCAECs by downregulating @entity522 expression. Therefore, @entity39767 may play an important role in @entity5784 -induced apoptosis in endothelial cells.

title: @entity39767 Is Involved in the @entity1255 -Induced Apoptosis in XXXX Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Expression of @entity522 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Two pathologists reviewed and classified 45 cases of @entity4797 , evaluating each case for multiple histologic variables, including mitotic rate. In addition to recording the mitotic count for each of thirty 0.1963-mm2 high-power fields, the investigators recorded the distribution of mitotic counts in many non-spermatocytic @entity4797 . Statistically significant differences for mitotic rate in the nonspermatocytic @entity5 were noted between the observers; one observer found a mean mitotic rate of 1.815/high-power field for 43 @entity5 , whereas the other noted a mean mitotic rate of 1.388/high-power field (p = 0.001). These differences led to disagreement on the classification of 3 @entity5 . Of the 4 cases considered to be high-mitotic-rate @entity4797 by one or both observers, all @entity1 had presented with stage I disease. Three of the @entity1 were followed up for 23, 55, and 56 months, and all were free of disease; the fourth was lost to follow-up. The @entity1 with the highest mitotic rate was free of disease at 55 months of follow-up. On the basis of our findings we question the value of the designation high-mitotic-rate @entity4797 . Analysis of the distribution of mitotic counts within the @entity5 revealed them to be Poisson distributed. With these data and other empirically derived data, it was possible to estimate the probability of misclassification of @entity4797 based on mitotic rate, the diagnostic mitotic rate threshold, and the number of fields counted for mitoses. Similar analysis might be valuable for other @entity5 , particularly those of smooth muscle origin, in which mitotic rate is of diagnostic or prognostic value.

title: Mitosis counting in XXXX : an exercise of questionable significance.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['such tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['testicular seminoma', 'seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['seminoma']


abstract: CASE STUDYBJ is a 34-year-old @entity1 who was diagnosed with metastatic @entity0 . She was treated with surgical @entity5 and sentinel node biopsy. Following surgery, she received chemotherapy. She was given antiemetic therapy prior to and immediately following chemotherapy. She began to experience significant and persistent @entity390 with intermittent episodes of @entity391 after the second cycle of chemotherapy. She completed her chemotherapy but still experienced @entity390 and @entity391 in response to several cues, such as smelling food cooking and going to the hospital. Her @entity390 and @entity391 resulted in segregation from her family during meal time, which negatively impacted her quality of life. @entity1129 was requested, and BJ was cooperative. She reported feeling very nauseated at the time of the interview. Hypnosis was discussed; her questions were answered, and the potential risks and benefits of hypnosis were reviewed. She agreed that she would like to try hypnosis. A hypnosis assessment was conducted and revealed that she had a history of profound motion @entity2704 and severe, chronic childhood trauma associated with feelings of @entity148 and hypervigilance. The therapeutic suggestions that were used with BJ included hypnotic suggestions for relaxation and removal of discomfort. A metaphor describing the central processing of the @entity1209 as a thermostat that could be adjusted to reduce and eliminate the sensation was used to suggest that she could control her perceptions and in turn control the @entity390 . Posthypnotic suggestions included that at the earliest awareness of discomfort, rubbing the throat would eliminate that discomfort, and @entity17520 would be transformed into her favorite fragrance. Reversal went smoothly, and BJ reported satisfaction with the experience. BJ experienced significant @entity304 after the first session. She had two more sessions, at which time she was able to eat with her family and go to the clinic without discomfort. She was provided a CD with a recording of her hypnosis script to reinforce the face-to-face intervention. She continues to be symptom-free 3 months after treatment with hypnosis.

title: Hypnosis for the Management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in symptoms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity17520 :: ('MESH:C537766', 'Disease') :: ['cooking aromas']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A hypnosis consultation']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['anticipatory nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['Anticipatory Nausea and Vomiting']


abstract: A 22-year-old male @entity1 presented with a 3-day history of @entity490 , @entity294 , @entity390 and @entity391 . He reported @entity1661 of a couple of weeks' duration. He had been hospitalised 7   months earlier, owing to the same symptoms, however, the cause was never clarified. Initial examination showed @entity1661 and blood tests indicated @entity1712 . An abdominal CT scan showed mild @entity843 and a diffuse thickening of the small intestinal loops, and a cystic formation 3   cm in diameter on the liver. The differential diagnosis included parasite @entity281 and @entity14761 . Liver MRI revealed a simple biliary cyst. Microbiological tests, stool and blood cultures as well as stool examination for parasites were negative. The diagnostic paracentesis revealed @entity843 . An endoscopy was performed and histopathology revealed presence of moderate to marked lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate containing eosinophils, compatible with @entity14761 . The @entity1 responded well to the initiation of corticosteroids.

title: A 22-year-old male XXXX with @entity843 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention']

entities_list: @entity843 :: ('MESH:D001201', 'Disease') :: ['ascites', 'eosinophilic ascites']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: AIM: The benefit of preoperative chemotherapy is evaluated in order to clarify the relationship of @entity5 site with hepatic vessels for hepatectomy. @entity5 location in relation to intrahepatic vessels is critical in the decision to operate, but the argument for this concept remains insufficient. Currently, the response rate is evaluated by the decrease in size or number of @entity5 but not by hepatic resection range. @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated 32 @entity1 who underwent hepatectomy after chemotherapy for liver metastases from @entity14 (CLM). @entity5 diameter was defined by contrast computed tomographic imaging before both chemotherapy and surgery. The targeted vessels were those in the main Glisson capsule and hepatic vein and were indicated to change in the resected area by their treatment. RESULTS: @entity5 size decreased, increased or remained unchanged in 62 (68.9%), 27 (30.0%) and one (1.1%) @entity5 , respectively. Out of the 29 @entity5 , reduced resection volume was achieved in 12 (37.9%), and the difference in volume was 17.4  4.15 ml. A significant positive correlation was found between @entity5 shrinkage rate and final distance from the attached vessels (p=0.017), and a shrinkage rate of 63.6  12.4% was necessary for a @entity5 to be separated from an attached vessel. The final distance was significantly positively correlated with @entity5 shrinkage speed (p=0.0027), and a shrinkage speed of 0.64  0.12%/day was expected to enable a a @entity5 to be separated from its attached vessel. CONCLUSION: Chemotherapy, especially by favorable combination with molecular targeting agents, even for resectable CLM appears to be acceptable and may lead to increased performance of radical surgical resection.

title: Preoperative Chemotherapy Can Change the Surgical Procedure for Hepatectomy in XXXX with Liver Metastasis of @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is the most common @entity409 . An evidence-based pharmacological treatment for @entity1561 is still lacking, but @entity3088 have shown therapeutic potential. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of the flavonoid monoHER on the onset of @entity1561 in @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 on a high-fat and high- @entity165 diet. The focus was put on the effect on oxidative stress as well as the adaptive response. Wild type @entity19 served as a control and the effect of monoHER was compared to that of a placebo. In the @entity1748 (-/-) group, monoHER provided only a mild protection against oxidative stress. In the placebo @entity1748 (-/-) group an adaptive response elicited by the @entity10182 antioxidant defense system was observed, evidenced by a higher HO-1 and @entity52484 gene expression, as well as an increased redox status, evidenced by the higher @entity2197 / @entity9492 ratio. In the monoHER treated @entity1748 (-/-) group both the adaptive response as well as the increase in redox status tended to be higher, although this did not reach significance on a group level. Unexpectedly, a strong within animal relationship was found that links a high adaptive response to a low redox status in the monoHER @entity1748 (-/-) group. This correlation was absent in the placebo and wild type group. The concept that emerges is that a @entity1432 -reactive oxidation product of monoHER, formed during oxidative stress, selectively induces the @entity10182 pathway and enforces the endogenous antioxidant shield, to provide protection against @entity1561 .

title: The flavonoid monoHER promotes the adaption to oxidative stress during the onset of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['NAFLD']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Insomnia is a prevalent @entity25 that can profoundly impact a @entity1 's health and wellbeing. Herbal medicine represents one of the most frequently used complementary and alternative treatments of @entity22 . However, the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine for the treatment of this disorder is currently uncertain. In order to ascertain the evidence base for herbal medicine for @entity22 , we systematically searched seventeen electronic databases and the reference lists of included studies for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Fourteen RCTs, involving a total of 1602 @entity1 with @entity22 , met the inclusion criteria. Four distinct orally administered herbal monopreparations were identified (i.e., valerian, chamomile, kava and wuling). There was no statistically significant difference between any herbal medicine and placebo, or any herbal medicine and active control, for any of the thirteen measures of clinical efficacy. As for safety, a similar or smaller number of adverse events per @entity1 were reported with kava, chamomile and wuling when compared with placebo. By contrast, a greater number of events per @entity1 were reported with valerian. While there is insufficient evidence to support the use of herbal medicine for @entity22 , there is a clear need for further research in this area.

title: Herbal medicine for XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorder']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy and safety of @entity177 ( @entity177 ) produced by the Pulsegen device compared with placebo in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity322 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity1 with @entity322 were randomly assigned to the active @entity177 group (30 @entity1 ) or the placebo group (22 @entity1 ). Each @entity1 in the active group received a Pulsegen device, which produced a pulsating magnetic field of B = 10 microT intensity and a frequency of 10 Hz. @entity1 were asked to wear the Pulsegen device day and night for 2 months. Clinical and urodynamic data were collected before and after @entity177 and analyzed using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo, the number of pads used was significantly lower (P = 0.0031) after @entity177 , as was the pad weight (P = 0.014). In @entity1 from the active group, a significant improvement in the power of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.0071), as well as in the duration of the pelvic floor muscle contractions (P = 0.038), was observed. After @entity177 , a 56.3% improvement in @entity322 was reported by @entity1 in the active group, a significantly greater difference (P = 0.00012) compared with the reported 26.3% improvement in symptoms in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that @entity177 represents a new method in the conservative treatment of @entity322 . Magnetic stimulation with the Pulsegen device is efficient and safe. It can be used at home and, because of its small size, wearing the device is not annoying for @entity1 .

title: Conservative treatment of female @entity322 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['functional magnetic stimulation', 'FMS']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'urinary incontinence symptoms']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['functional magnetic stimulation']


abstract: Total hip replacement has become one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures. However, complications due to @entity281 may give serious problems and have devastating consequences for the hip implant. The use of a temporary three-dimensional polymethylmethacrylate ( @entity4625 ) cement spacer may be an alternative to solve @entity281 in hip implants, improving the lives of @entity1 awaiting reimplantation. In order to evaluate their wear behaviour, five @entity4625 Spacer-G femoral heads were tested against five post-mortem pelves in a hip joint simulator with bovine calf serum as lubricant. The surface of the worn spacers was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis; all the samples revealed a similar morphology, showing areas characterized by different degrees of wear. Particle debris was isolated from the lubricant and @entity4625 particles and bone fractions were quantified. The amount of debris was found to be higher than where no-temporary prostheses were used. However, this result is acceptable since @entity3356 is removed by lavage irrigation when the Spacer-G is explanted. On the basis of these data, it is considered that the use of the cement Spacer-G could be a promising approach to the treatment of complicated @entity281 of the hip joint. Therefore, Spacer-G is worthy of further research.

title: Investigations on the wear behaviour of the temporary XXXX -based hip Spacer-G.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3356 :: ('MESH:D057085', 'Disease') :: ['wear debris']

answer: @entity4625 :: (MESH:D019904,Chemical) :: ['PMMA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7245 ( @entity7245 ) is expressed on several malignant @entity5 of neuroendocrine origin, including @entity151 . In this study, we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of @entity5 -directed T-cell responses, elicited by @entity7245 -retargeted oncolytic @entity9504 , in an orthotopic @entity19 model of disseminated @entity2 . In several cell lines, we demonstrated highly @entity7245 -selective retargeting of @entity281 using a bispecific adapter comprising the ectodomain of the coxsackievirus/adenovirus receptor and a @entity7245 -recognizing single-chain antibody domain. PolySia-dependent @entity281 in vivo facilitated effective uptake of viruses in subcutaneous @entity7245 -expressing @entity1 @entity5 , whereas hepatic viral load and hepatotoxicity were significantly reduced. The impact and nature of antitumoral immune responses triggered by systemic delivery of @entity7245 -retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses were investigated in an orthotopic model of disseminated @entity2 . Interestingly, improved transduction by @entity7245 -retargeted oncolytic adenoviruses led to @entity8236 -positive cell infiltrates in close association with large lytic areas. Consistently, enhanced @entity5 regression and prolonged survival was only observed in immunocompetent @entity19 , but not in @entity784 @entity19 . To investigate whether improved @entity281 by @entity7245 retargeting would elicit a @entity5 -specific T-cell response, we screened the used @entity2 cells for mutated oncogenes by complete exon sequencing. In agreement with our other results, only retargeted oncolysis was able to induce a significant response specific for the @entity5 -associated neoepitope Gsta2-Y9H. In conclusion, we demonstrated that effective retargeting of oncolytic adenovirus against @entity7245 -expressing @entity5 elicits an effective @entity5 -directed T-cell response after systemic virus delivery and facilitates therapy of disseminated @entity2 . Cancer Immunol Res; 3(7); 1-13.   2015 AACR.

title: PolySia-Specific Retargeting of Oncolytic Viruses Triggers Tumor-Specific Immune Responses and Facilitates Therapy of Disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9504 :: ('MESH:D000257', 'Disease') :: ['adenovirus infection']

entities_list: @entity7245 :: ('MESH:D000592', 'Disease') :: ['polySia', 'Polysialic acid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['polySia-positive lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell-deficient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection', 'adenoviral infection']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) in England is increasing. There is a higher incidence of @entity454 in British Indo-Asians than in the White population. AIM: To determine to what degree the increasing demand for renal replacement therapy in the UK is due to Indo-Asian @entity1 . To study the presentation to renal services of Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 and report any inequalities in initial treatment of Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 compared to their White counterparts. DESIGN: Prospective, inception cohort study. METHODS: Consecutive adult @entity1 with @entity454 who started renal replacement therapy between 1 April 2000 and 31 December 2001 in all 14 renal units serving an area from North @entity3548 , including Greater Manchester and Lancashire, were recruited and interviewed. RESULTS: Of the 578 @entity1 , 9.5% were Indo-Asian. The annual acceptance rate for renal replacement therapy was 342 per million population in Indo-Asians, compared with 91 per million population in the White population ( p < 0.001). Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 were younger (median age 51 years vs. 60 yrs, p = 0.006) and more socially deprived (81% vs. 36.5% in the 5th Carstairs quintile, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of Indo-Asian @entity1 with @entity454 presented late to specialist renal services (31% vs. 19%, p = 0.03). Once adjusting for their younger age, @entity731 and/or hypertensive @entity8 was more prevalent in Indo-Asian @entity1 (OR 4.9; p = 0.03). There was no difference in the initial mode of maintenance dialysis or the perception of choice the @entity1 felt they had, based on their ethnicity. DISCUSSION: There is a silent epidemic of @entity454 in Indo-Asian @entity1 in the North-West, possibly vascular in aetiology, in which specialist intervention is late. This suggests that Indo-Asian @entity1 should be prioritized for early intervention strategies to reduce the burden of @entity454 .

title: XXXX in Indo-Asians in the North-West of England.

entities_list: @entity3548 :: ('MESH:C538659', 'Disease') :: ['Cheshire to South Cumbria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-stage renal disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recommended as a 'universal precaution' for improving provider- @entity1 communication, teach-back has a limited evidence base. Discharge from the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) to home is an important high-risk transition of care with potential for miscommunication of critical information. We examined whether teach-back improves: comprehension and perceived comprehension of discharge instructions and satisfaction among @entity1 with limited health literacy (LHL) in the @entity341 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, controlled study among adult @entity1 with LHL, to teach-back or standard discharge instructions. @entity1 completed an audio-recorded structured interview evaluating comprehension and perceived comprehension of (1) diagnosis, (2) @entity341 course, (3) post- @entity341 care, and (4) reasons to return and satisfaction using four Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems questions. Concordance with the medical record was rated using a five-level scale. We analyzed differences between groups using multivariable ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity1 randomized to receive teach-back had higher comprehension of post- @entity341 care areas: post- @entity341 medication (P < 0.02), self-care (P < 0.03), and follow-up instructions (P < 0.0001), but no change in @entity1 satisfaction or perceived comprehension. CONCLUSION: Teach-back appears to improve comprehension of post- @entity341 care instructions but not satisfaction or perceived comprehension. Our data from a randomized, controlled study support the effectiveness of teach-back in a busy clinical setting. Further research is needed to test the utility and feasibility of teach-back for routine use including its impacts on distal outcomes.

title: The impact of teach-back on comprehension of discharge instructions and satisfaction among emergency XXXX with limited health literacy: A randomized, controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 0.02 mg/kg of @entity1425 (E) on @entity296 ( @entity296 ), myocardial @entity26 consumption (MVO2), and delivery (MDO2) when administered during CPR after 10-min @entity1167 . Five miniature @entity1707 were instrumented for @entity296 measurements using tracer microspheres. @entity2224 was induced. After 10 min, CPR was begun with a pneumatic compressor. Measurements of @entity296 , arterial, and coronary sinus blood gases were made. After 3 min of CPR, each animal received 0.02 mg/kg of E. The measurements were repeated and defibrillation was attempted. During CPR, MDO2 and MVO2 were 0.2 +/- 0.3 and 0.2 +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 g tissue, respectively. The myocardial @entity26 extraction ratio (ER) was 94.2 +/- 3.0%. After 0.02 mg/kg of E, MDO2 was 1.1 +/- 1.4, MVO2 was 1.0 +/- 1.3, and ER was 93.9 +/- 0.7% (p greater than .05). There were no successful defibrillations. These data indicate that MDO2 improves slightly during CPR after 0.02 mg/kg of E, but it does not meet the @entity26 demands of the fibrillating heart.

title: Effect of standard doses of XXXX on myocardial @entity26 delivery and utilization during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity158 in @entity571 ( @entity571 ) has been classically attributed to joint structural damage. Disparity between the degree of radiographic structural damage and the severity of symptoms implies that factors other than the joint pathology itself contribute to the @entity158 . Peripheral and central sensitization have been suggested as two of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to @entity158 in @entity571 . The aim of this study was to explore in symptomatic knee @entity571 @entity1 , the structural changes assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that could be used as markers of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: This cross-sectional observational pilot study included 50 knee @entity571 @entity1 with moderate to severe @entity158 (VAS >= 40) in the target knee. The presence of @entity9 was determined based on the PainDETECT questionnaire. Among the 50 @entity1 included, 25 had PainDETECT score  <=12 (unlikely @entity9 ), 9 had PainDETECT score between 13 and 18 (uncertain @entity9 ) and 16 had PainDETECT score >= 19 (likely @entity9 ). WOMAC, PainDETECT, and @entity158 scores as well as knee MRI were assessed. RESULTS: Data showed no significant difference in demographic characteristics between the three groups. However, a positive and statistically significant association was found between the WOMAC @entity158 (P <0.001), function (P <0.001), @entity353 as well as higher @entity158 score (P   =   0.023), and PainDETECT scores. Although no difference was found in the cartilage volume between groups, the presence of meniscal extrusion in both medial (P   =   0.006) and lateral (P   =   0.023) compartments, and presence of @entity937 in the lateral compartment (P   =   0.011), were significantly associated with increasing PainDETECT score. Moreover, the presence of @entity236 in the lateral plateau and the extent of the synovial membrane thickness in the lateral recess were associated with increasing PainDETECT scores (P   =   0.032, P   =   0.027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity75 , particularly extrusion, were found to be among the strongest risk factors for @entity9 in knee @entity571 @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01733277. Registered 16 November 2012.

title: The presence of XXXX is a strong predictor of @entity9 in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness (P   =   0.007) and total (P <0.001) scores']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity937 :: ('MESH:D012167', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal tears']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['meniscal lesions']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'VAS pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'NP']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['meniscal lesions']


abstract: The @entity1260 / @entity3003 / @entity2879 (ICE) combination represents an active chemotherapy regimen across a wide variety of disease types. The most common limiting @entity137 for all three of these agents individually and in combination is myelosuppression. Thus, this regimen represents an ideal model to evaluate the role of @entity2772 support in amelioration of hematologic @entity137 , maintenance of dose intensity, and dose escalation. While chemotherapy strategies using colony-stimulating factors have abrogated @entity1398 , cumulative @entity882 is common with many chemotherapy regimens, including ICE chemotherapy. In preclinical and phase II trials, monotherapy with recombinant @entity1 @entity650 ( @entity650 ) has demonstrated substantial thrombopoietic activity, but with little enhancement of neutrophil recovery. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate combination cytokine therapy with both recombinant @entity650 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) after ICE chemotherapy. Previously untreated @entity1 with inoperable @entity1149 are eligible. Treatment includes two monthly cycles of @entity1260 2,000 mg/m2 with mesna 1,600 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 2, and 3, @entity3003 350 mg/m2 intravenously on day 1 only, and @entity2879 75 mg/m2 intravenously on days 1, 2, and 3. All @entity1 then receive @entity1261 at a dose of 5 micrograms/kg/d subcutaneously beginning on day 4 until a postnadir absolute neutrophil count of more than 10 x 10(9)/L. Cohorts of @entity1 (n = 15) are randomized to receive 0, 1, 2.5, or 5 micrograms/kg/d of @entity650 subcutaneously on days 4 to 13 in successive cohorts. This study has now reached its target accrual in all cohorts. The final data analysis is in progress. It is hoped that this trial will define the safety and tolerability of the simultaneous administration of @entity650 and @entity1261 following ICE chemotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1149 . In addition, this trial should determine the biologic activity and hematopoietic recovery observed during the simultaneous administration of these two cytokines in this setting.

title: The role of hematopoietic growth factors in support of @entity1260 / @entity3003 / XXXX chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity2772 :: ('3562', 'Gene') :: ['hematopoietic growth factor']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']