abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors conducted a study to validate the following 3 evidence-based, process-of-care quality measures focused on @entity1547 prevention for @entity1 with an elevated risk of experiencing caries: sealants for 6- to 9-year-olds, sealants for 10- to 14-year-olds, and topical @entity1388 . METHODS: Using evidence-based guidelines, the Dental Quality Alliance developed measures for implementation with administrative data at the plan and program levels. To validate the measures, the authors used data from the Florida and Texas Medicaid programs and @entity1 's Health Insurance Programs and from national commercial dental benefit plans. Data were extracted from 414 randomly selected dental office records to validate the use of administrative data to accurately calculate the measures. The authors also assessed statistically significant variations in overall measure performance. RESULTS: Agreement between administrative data and dental records was 95% for sealants (k  = 0.82) and 90% for topical @entity1388 (k  = 0.78). Sensitivity and specificity were 90.7% and 88.5% for topical @entity1388 and 77.8% and 98.8% for sealants, respectively. Variation in overall measure performance was greatest for topical @entity1388 (  (2)  = 5,887.1; P  < .01); 18% to 37%  of @entity1 with an elevated risk of experiencing caries received at least 2 topical @entity1388 applications during the reporting year. Although there was greater variation in performance for sealants for 6- to 9-year-olds (range, 21.0-31.3%;   (2)  = 548.6; P  < .01) compared with sealants for 10- to 14-year-olds (range, 8.4-11.1%;   (2)  = 22.7; P  < .01), overall sealant placement rates were lower for 10- to 14-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS: These evidence-based, caries prevention process-of-care quality measures can be implemented feasibly and validly using administrative claims data. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The measures can be used to assess, monitor, and improve the proportion of @entity1 with an elevated risk of experiencing @entity1547 who receive evidence-based caries prevention services.

title: Measuring quality of dental care: Caries prevention services for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['dental caries']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the relative risk of later grade reclassification and outcomes of @entity1 in whom high volume @entity263 develops while on active surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospectively maintained database was used to identify @entity1 on active surveillance between 1998 and 2013. @entity5 volume was assessed based on the number of positive cores and proportion of core involvement. The chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used for analysis as appropriate. The primary end point was the development of grade reclassification, defined as grade only and/or grade and volume at the event biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 555 @entity1 met the study inclusion criteria. Mean followup was 46 months. Overall 70 @entity1 demonstrated an increase in @entity5 volume at or after biopsy 2. Compared to those @entity1 never experiencing volume or grade reclassification, @entity1486 at diagnosis was not significantly different (p=0.95), but median prostate volume was smaller in @entity1 who demonstrated volume reclassification (p <0.001). The incidence of pure volume reclassification was 6.8%, 6.1% and 7.8% at biopsy 2, 3 and 4, respectively. @entity1 with volume reclassification were more likely to experience later grade reclassification than those without at 33.3% vs 9.3%, respectively (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: While @entity263 has a favorable natural history, it appears that @entity1 on active surveillance who experience volume reclassification are at substantially higher risk for grade reclassification. Thus, urologists should pay close attention to @entity5 core involvement, and monitoring should be adjusted accordingly for early volume reclassification in younger @entity1 and those in good health.

title: An Increase in Gleason 6 XXXX Volume While on Active Surveillance Portends a Greater Risk of Grade Reclassification with Further Followup.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Gleason 6 prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The origin of the distribution of segmental @entity1694 (SV) has not yet been clearly elucidated. Segmental configurations of @entity74 have been explained using two main interpretations, i.e. following either @entity6128 . However, facial SV does not always correspond to either of these distributions. OBJECTIVES: We classified facial SV into several distinctive subtypes according to specific distributions based on long-term observations. METHODS: In total, 257 @entity1 with facial SV were included, all of whom were closely observed for more than 1 year. The distribution patterns of facial SV were classified according to morphological similarities based on clinical observations. RESULTS: The lesions of facial SV were categorized into six subtypes: types I-a and I-b, and types II-V. Type I-a and type IV broadly involved the mid-level face from the forehead to the lower cheek, but type IV lesions selectively appeared on the right side of the face and did not cross the midline. Type I-b lesions chiefly involved the forehead and scalp hair. Types II and III involved the lower face and, frequently, the neck area, and @entity75 were distributed mostly around the right orbital area. The most frequent type of lesion in this study was type I-a (28  8%), followed by types II (16  0%), III (14  4%), IV (10  9%), I-b (10  5%) and V (8  6%). CONCLUSIONS: Newly established patterns of facial SV may be valuable for certain aspects of prognosis, such as the likely degree and @entity75 spreading.

title: Classification of segmental XXXX on the face: clues for prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['path of lesion', 'type V lesions']

entities_list: @entity6128 :: ('MESH:D020243', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomal or blaschkolinear distributions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous disorders']

answer: @entity1694 :: (MESH:D014820,Disease) :: ['vitiligo']


abstract: 1. We have studied the kinetics of the conversion of @entity8454 into haem and haem precursors in homogenates of livers of @entity35 and @entity1573 embryos. Homogenates of fresh liver from both species efficiently convert @entity8454 into haem. After frozen storage for 1 year, homogenates of @entity35 , but not @entity1573 , liver have decreased rates of formation of haem with accumulation of more @entity7888 . The rate of haem formation after storage is restored by addition of @entity8798 and @entity8197 . 2. At all initial concentrations of @entity8454 tested (2 microM-1 mM), homogenates of @entity35 liver accumulate less @entity7888 than haem. In contrast, homogenates of @entity1573 embryo liver accumulate more @entity7888 than haem at concentration of @entity8454 greater than 10 microM. Conversion of @entity7888 into haem by homogenates of fresh or frozen @entity1573 embryo liver is not increased by addition of @entity8798 . 3. Homogenates of liver from both species accumulate porphobilinogen; the kinetic parameters for this process reflect those of @entity8454 dehydratase. 4. The results show that the rate-limiting enzyme for the hepatic conversion of @entity8454 into @entity7888 is @entity10473 deaminase. In addition, @entity1573 liver, compared with @entity35 liver, has only about one-fifth the activity of @entity42136 , the final enzyme of the haem biosynthetic pathway, which inserts @entity8798 into @entity7888 to form haem. 5. Comparison of these results with previous studies indicates that the homogenate system described here provides physiologically and clinically relevant information for study of hepatic haem synthesis and its control.

title: Conversion of XXXX into haem by liver homogenates. Comparison of @entity35 and @entity1573 embryo.

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity10473 :: ('MESH:D011162', 'Chemical') :: ['porphobilinogen']

entities_list: @entity7888 :: ('CHEBI:15430', 'Chemical') :: ['protoporphyrin']

entities_list: @entity8454 :: ('MESH:D000622', 'Chemical') :: ['5-aminolaevulinate']

answer: @entity8454 :: (MESH:D000622,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolaevulinate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Optimal immunosuppressive therapy in acquired @entity2150 ( @entity2150 ) remains to be refined, especially @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) use. Current recommendations state that @entity9472 @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) should be maintained between 200 and 400  ng/mL despite the lack of supporting data. This study aimed at quantifying relationships between @entity9472 exposure and neutrophil response and determining an effective range for @entity9472 @entity1503 . Twenty-three @entity2150 @entity1 treated with @entity9472 were retrospectively analyzed. Nonlinear mixed effect modeling approaches were used to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model. The pharmacokinetic model described the relationships between @entity9472 doses and @entity1503 . The pharmacodynamic model allowed to estimate boundaries for optimal @entity9472 effects, neutrophils being used as biomarker of response. A time-to-event model linked effective concentration to time-to-therapeutic success. @entity9472 @entity1503 were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, a lag time, and a linear elimination. The efficient range of @entity9472 @entity1503 was estimated between 87 and 120  ng/mL. Model-based simulations and external validation in three additional @entity1 confirmed these results. This original modeling approach was successful in describing the relationship between @entity9472 @entity1503 and neutrophil response in @entity2150 @entity1 . Although further evaluation of the model is necessary, this work suggests that an optimal @entity9472 @entity1503 target of 100  ng/mL would be associated with a better neutrophil response in @entity1 with @entity2150 .

title: Model-Based Determination of Effective Blood Concentrations of @entity205 for Neutrophil Response in the Treatment of Severe @entity2150 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['severe aplastic anemia', 'SAA']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['TBC', 'trough blood concentrations']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: One distinct advantage of laparoscopic @entity169 is the opportunity for clear visualization of the direct, indirect, femoral, obturator and other groin spaces. The aim of this study was to examine/assess the potential of the laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) @entity169 method in detecting unexpected additional @entity547 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent an elective @entity169 , in the department of abdominal surgery at the institute of laparoscopic surgery (ILS, Bordeaux, France) between September 2003 and July 2005 were enrolled prospectively in the study. The @entity1 ' demographic data, operative, postoperative course and outpatient follow-up were studied. RESULTS: A total of 337 laparoscopic @entity169 repairs were performed in 263 @entity1 . Of these, 189 @entity1 had unilateral hernia (109 right and 80 left) and 74 @entity1 had @entity547 . Indirect @entity547 were the most common, followed by direct and then @entity18659 . There were 218 male @entity1 and 45 female @entity1 with a mean age of 60    15 years. There were 44 unexpected @entity547 : 6 spegilian @entity547 , 19 @entity18659 . Two @entity1 were converted to transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) due to surgical difficulties. There were no major @entity3816 in all @entity1 except for three cases of @entity548 arising from the inferior epigastric artery. Only one @entity1 had @entity86 and was re-operated on several hours after the hernia repair. No recurrence occurred in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The laparoscopic @entity169 approach allows viewing of the entire myopectineal orifice, facilitating repair of any unexpected @entity547 and thereby reducing the chance of recurrence.

title: Occult XXXX detected by laparoscopic totally extra-peritoneal @entity169 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity18659 :: ('MESH:D006550', 'Disease') :: ['femoral hernias', 'obturator hernias and another 19 femoral hernias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair', 'inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complications']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Approximately 60 000 prosthetic valves are implanted annually in the USA. The risk of prosthesis dysfunction ranges from 0.1% to 4% per year. Prosthesis @entity340 is usually caused by a @entity715 obstructing the prosthetic discs. However, 10% of prosthetic valves are dysfunctional due to @entity2070 formation, and 12% of prostheses are damaged by both fibrinous and @entity715 components. The authors present two @entity1 with dysfunctional aortic prostheses who were referred for cardiac surgery. Different surgical solutions were used in the treatment of each case. CASE STUDY 1: The first @entity1 was a 71-year-old @entity1 whose medical history included arterial @entity101 , stable @entity453 , @entity6 , @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ), and @entity1007 ; she had previously undergone left-sided mastectomy and radiotherapy. The @entity1 was admitted to the Cardiac Surgery Department due to @entity2333 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed @entity3885 and a severe reduction in the mobility of the second. The mean transvalvular gradient was very high. During the operation, @entity2070 covering the discs' surface was found. A biological aortic prosthesis was reimplanted without complications. CASE STUDY 2: The second @entity1 was an 87-year-old @entity1 with arterial @entity101 , persistent @entity955 , and @entity1030 , whose past medical history included @entity2275 and @entity385 . As in the case of the first @entity1 , she was admitted due to @entity340 . Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed an obstruction of the posterior prosthetic disc and significant @entity337 . Transesophageal echocardiography and fluoroscopy confirmed the prosthetic dysfunction. During the operation, a @entity715 growing around a minor @entity2070 was found. The @entity715 and @entity2070 were removed, and normal functionality of the prosthetic valve was restored. CONCLUSIONS: Precise and modern diagnostic methods facilitated selection of the treatment method. However, the intraoperative view also seems to be crucial in individualizing the surgical approach.

title: Artificial aortic valve dysfunction due to @entity2070 and XXXX - different methods of cardiac surgical management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['complete obstruction of one disc']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic prosthesis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve dysfunction', 'valvular prosthesis dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer disease']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Amyloid b (Ab) peptides are identified in cause of @entity179 such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Previous evidence suggests Ab-induced @entity2359 is linked to the stimulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. The accumulation of Ab-induced ROS leads to increased mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptotic cell death. This suggests antioxidant therapies may be beneficial for preventing ROS-related diseases such as @entity195 . Recently, @entity3884 -rich water (HRW) has been proven effective in treating oxidative stress-induced disorders because of its ROS-scavenging abilities. However, the precise molecular mechanisms whereby HRW prevents @entity528 are still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the putative pathways by which HRW protects against Ab-induced @entity137 . Our results indicated that HRW directly counteracts oxidative damage by neutralizing excessive ROS, leading to the alleviation of Ab-induced cell death. In addition, HRW also stimulated @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a @entity4093 ( @entity4093 )-dependent pathway, which upregulates forkhead box protein O3a ( @entity16389 ) downstream antioxidant response and diminishes Ab-induced mitochondrial potential loss and oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that HRW may have potential therapeutic value to inhibit Ab-induced @entity2359 .

title: @entity3884 -rich water attenuates amyloid b-induced @entity137 through upregulation of @entity4093 - XXXX by stimulation of @entity8582 -activated protein kinase in SK-N-MC cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity16389 :: (2309,Gene) :: ['FoxO3a']


abstract: The expression of stress genes is suggested to be a potentially sensitive indicator of any chemical or physical assault. This led us to explore the possibility of using expression of one of the major stress genes, @entity15614 , in @entity238 as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, which may accordingly provide an early indication of exposure to these hazardous chemicals. We exposed third instar larvae of transgenic @entity238 ( @entity15614 -lacZ) @entity72549 to different concentrations of the test chemicals (Captan, @entity72550 and Folpet) for various time intervals (2-48 h) to evaluate expression of @entity15614 by X-gal staining, ONPG assay and whole organ in situ immunohistochemistry. The study was further extended to examine the effect of the said chemicals on development of the organism and tissue damage occurring in them, thus raising the possibility of evaluating comparative deleterious effect inducing potential of the test chemicals. Our results showed a strong @entity15614 expression in the @entity72550 -exposed larvae followed by weaker expression in Captan- and Folpet-treated larvae. The effect was further reflected on development as revealed by a delay in emergence of the flies by 3 days in 200 ppm @entity72550 -exposed group. @entity15614 was found not to be induced at 0.0002 ppm @entity72550 and at 0.002 ppm Captan and Folpet. The present study suggests that (a). @entity15614 induction is sensitive enough to be used as a biomarker against @entity27046 group of chemicals, (b). amongst the three test chemicals, @entity72550 is the most deleterious compound followed by Captan and Folpet, (c). 0.0002 ppm for @entity72550 and 0.002 ppm for Captan and Folpet, respectively, can be regarded as no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

title: Induction of @entity15614 in transgenic @entity238 : biomarker of exposure against XXXX group of chemicals.

entities_list: @entity27046 :: ('MESH:C037431', 'Chemical') :: ['phthalimide']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity27046 :: (MESH:C037431,Chemical) :: ['phthalimide']


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity105 , groups of hairless @entity19 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity7044 ( @entity7045 ) in @entity1324 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity1862 (HU) 30 min before @entity7045 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7045 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7045 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity1489 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7045 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7045 application, more @entity5 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of XXXX skin @entity105 by inhibiting cell proliferation with @entity1862 or skin extracts.

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity7044 :: ('MESH:D008770', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-N-nitrosourea']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity7044 :: (MESH:D008770,Chemical) :: ['methylnitrosourea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemoresistance is a leading cause of treatment failure in advanced @entity2 , including that with the extensively prescribed @entity1311 . Recently, a series of structurally unique @entity17205 ( @entity17205 ) that act as antagonists of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) have been discovered, exhibiting the ability of inducing enhanced apoptosis of various @entity5 cell types when combined with chemotherapy. In the present study, we synthesized the second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase peptide ( @entity17205 -N7 for short) and explored its capacity in combination with @entity1311 in vitro. METHODS: The sensitivity assay and reversal ability of @entity17205 -N7 were tested by @entity98 . Flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis of cells with @entity4404 /PI double staining technique. Cell cloning ability was performed to reflect its biological behavior in each group. RESULTS: Concentrations with inhibitory rates < 10% were selected as the reversal value of @entity17205 -N7 peptide using @entity98 . The reversal folds were 2.52, 3.26, 3.67, and 5.4 in @entity1311 + @entity17205 -N7 (0.0390625, 0.078125, 0.15625, 0.3125  g/mL, respectively), and concentrations of @entity17205 -N7 and reversal folds appeared in an obvious positive correlation (r(s) = 1, p = 0.000). Apoptosis analyzed at 48 hours by flow cytometry showed the apoptotic rates in @entity1311 and 0.0390625, 0.078125, 0.15625, and 0.3125  g/mL @entity17205 -N7 + @entity1311 groups were 15.4    1.09%, 20.8%    2.18%, 28.4%    4.17%, 37.64%    6.41%, and 46.6%    7.76%, respectively. Concentrations of @entity17205 -N7 appeared to have negative correlations with PE and SF (r(s) = -1, p < 0.05), which showed that the cells' cloning ability in 0.3125  g/mL @entity17205 -N7 + @entity1311 group was worse than that of other groups. CONCLUSIONS: When combined with @entity1311 , 0.3125  g/mL @entity17205 -N7 peptide may significantly increase @entity1311 -induced apoptosis in chemoresistant A549/ @entity1311 lung cells at 48 hours, and is potentially useful as a reversal agent in @entity2 therapy.

title: Reversal of Chemoresistance in Human Lung Cancer Cell Line A549/ XXXX by Synthetic Second Mitochondria-Derived Activator of Caspase Peptide.

entities_list: @entity17205 :: ('56616', 'Gene') :: ['Smac', 'second mitochondria-derived activators of caspase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Taxol']


abstract: Hindleg muscles of normal and dystrophic @entity19 were immobilized unilaterally early during the postnatal period. After 1 week the casts were removed. Of one group of @entity19 hindleg muscles were processed for histopathological and morphometrical evaluation at the end of the immobilization period. Hindlegs of other groups of @entity19 were remobilized for various periods of time before the muscles were examined. In normal @entity19 immobilization of @entity291 muscles that were fixed in a shortened position resulted in @entity194 of about 35% compared with untreated muscles. This was accompanied by a reduction in fibre number of about 15%. The antagonists that had been fixed extended, did not show those effects. Immobilization of @entity121 minimized pathology in both agonists and antagonists, although @entity194 developed. Upon remobilization the normal muscles resumed postnatal development. They did not deviate from normal, untreated muscles at the age of 3.5 months. Upon remobilization of @entity121 pathology developed, but less severely than during the second and third postnatal week in untreated @entity121 . Significant differences in morphometrical parameters compared with untreated @entity121 were observed during the 3 months remobilization period studied.

title: Early immobilization of hindleg muscles of dystrophic XXXX : short-term and long-term effects.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic muscles']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: A review of 100 femoral artery embolectomies performed on 88 consecutive @entity1 during a 10-year period was conducted to establish immediate and long-term results. There were 48 (55%) male and 40 (45%) female @entity1 . Ages ranged from 33 to 97 years (mean, 73 years). Local anesthesia was used in 84 (84%) cases. Fifteen (17%) @entity1 died within 30 days of the procedure. Major limb amputation was required within 30 days of operation in 16 (16%) @entity1 . Mortality rate in the group of @entity1 needing early amputation was 50% compared with 11% for those who underwent successful embolectomy procedures (p less than 0.001). Current follow-up was established for all @entity1 . Five-year and 10-year survival rates for the entire group were 40% and 35%, respectively. The most frequent causes of late death after femoral @entity432 were @entity299 (26%), @entity64 (26%), and advanced @entity189 (21%). All 39 remaining survivors were located 8 to 126 months (mean, 48 months) after discharge to complete a questionnaire designed to assess quality of life and symptoms of @entity5327 . Thirty-five (90%) survivors were fully ambulatory and 27 (70%) lived in their own homes. Although early survival is decreased after femoral embolectomy, long-term survivors can be expected to live independently with excellent limb salvage and function.

title: Late results after femoral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery embolectomy']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['artery embolectomy']


abstract: Studies have demonstrated menstrual cycle influences on basal @entity158 perception, but direct evidence of menstrual cycle influences on analgesic responses has not been reported in @entity1 . Our aim was to determine whether the magnitude of @entity1286 and @entity12586 @entity1337 varied across the menstrual cycle. Sixty-five healthy @entity1 , 35 taking oral contraceptives (OC) and 30 normally cycling (NOC), underwent experimental @entity158 assessment both before and after intravenous administration @entity1286 (0.08mg/kg) or @entity12586 (0.5mg/kg) compared to saline placebo. Both active drug and placebo were administered once during the follicular phase and once during the luteal phase. Measures of heat, @entity63 , and @entity158 sensitivity were obtained before and after drug administration. Change scores in @entity158 responses were computed to determine @entity1286 and @entity12586 analgesic responses, and medication side effects were recorded. The data were analyzed using mixed-model analyses of variance. NOC @entity1 showed slightly greater @entity158 sensitivity in the follicular vs luteal phase, while the reverse pattern emerged for OC @entity1 (P=0.046). Also, OC @entity1 showed lower @entity158 thresholds compared to NOC @entity1 (P<0.05). Regarding analgesic responses, NOC @entity1 showed greater @entity1286 @entity1337 for @entity158 during the follicular vs the luteal phase (P=0.004). Likewise, side effects for @entity1286 were significantly higher in NOC @entity1 in the follicular phase than in the luteal phase (P=0.02). These findings suggest that sex hormones may influence opioid responses; however, the effects vary across medications and @entity158 modalities and are likely to be modest in magnitude. Limited menstrual cycle effects on baseline @entity158 responses were observed; however, @entity1286 @entity1337 and side effects were greater during the follicular phase.

title: Evaluation of menstrual cycle effects on @entity1286 and XXXX @entity1337 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity12586 :: ('MESH:D010423', 'Chemical') :: ['pentazocine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pressure pain', 'ischemic pain', 'pain', 'heat pain']

answer: @entity12586 :: (MESH:D010423,Chemical) :: ['pentazocine']


abstract: 1. Activation of @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptors in caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) neurons elicited endogenous rhythmic activities. We used an in vitro brain stem slice preparation to determine the ionic mechanisms underlying the generation of these activities. 2. Using intracellular recordings, we found several ionic conductances to be responsible for the electrophysiological properties of cNTS neurons. After addition of @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) to the perfusate, cNTS neurons were still able to generate action potentials (APs). Because these APs were suppressed by the addition of @entity1953 or by the reduction of @entity460 , they were likely due to @entity460 currents (ICa). In addition, the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed a train of @entity4524 -resistant APs was reduced in both low- @entity460 and @entity1953 -containing saline. It was therefore suggested that @entity460 -activated @entity972 (IKCa) currents were involved in the AHP. Accordingly, application of apamin, a blocker of slow IKCa, also decreased the AHP. cNTS neurons exhibited a delayed excitation phenomenon, characterized by a ramplike depolarization that delayed the onset of neuronal firing, when they were depolarized from hyperpolarizing potential. The underlying current was presumed to be an A-current (IKA), because this phenomenon was suppressed during application of @entity973 (4-AP). 3. Application of @entity143 elicited different types of discharge patterns in cNTS neurons: a repetitive firing at depolarized levels of membrane potential (above -60 mV) and rhythmic patterns characterized by either rhythmic bursting or rhythmic single discharges at hyperpolarized levels (within membrane potential range of -60 to -85 mV). In all neurons, rhythmic patterns were superimposed on oscillations of membrane potential. They were characterized by a sudden shift of membrane potential, followed by a ramp-shaped phase of depolarization that preceded spike elicitation. Addition of @entity4524 to the saline did not suppress @entity143 -induced oscillations. Therefore rhythmic patterns were not driven by synaptic mechanisms but resulted from endogenous properties of cNTS neurons. 4. APs superimposed on @entity143 -induced depolarizations presented the same characteristics as those elicited by positive current pulses. @entity143 -elicited oscillations of membrane potential were eliminated by removing @entity1760 from the saline. Therefore oscillation generation was based primarily on the @entity143 channel properties. 5. Intrinsic conductances of cNTS neurons interacted with @entity143 -gated conductances to shape the depolarization waveform. Because removal of @entity460 from the saline suppressed endogenous oscillations, ICa currents were required for the expression of rhythmic activities. IKCa currents were involved in the repolarization phase of oscillations because apamin increased the duration of the oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Ionic basis for endogenous rhythmic patterns induced by activation of XXXX receptors in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1024 :: (CHEBI:31882,Chemical) :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of adjuvant @entity230 following Kasai porteoenterostomy (KPE) for @entity2876 is controversial. The aim of this study was twofold: a systematic review of published literature and an update of the clinical Kings College Hospital series to look for evidence of an effect of age on the outcome in a group of BA @entity1 treated with high-dose @entity230 . This clinical study included @entity1 treated between January 2006 and June 2014 who underwent KPE by day 70 of life and who received high-dose @entity230 (oral @entity617 starting 5  mg/kg/day). They were subdivided into cohorts according to age at which KPE was performed. The outcome measured was clearance of @entity1087 (<20    mol/L) by 6  months and native liver survival. R  *  C   (2) analysis and log-rank tests were used, respectively, and P   <=  0.05 was regarded as significant. 104 @entity1 were included with a median age at KPE of 45 (range 12-70) days. 71/104 (67  %) cleared their @entity1087 by 6  months of age. Age-cohort analysis showed a trend (P  =  0.03) favouring early KPE (e.g. 100  % of 11 @entity1 operated on <30  days clearing their @entity1087 compared to 66  % of those operated on between 61 and 70  days). There was a significant native liver survival benefit for those operated on <45  days (5  year NLS estimate 69 versus 46  %; P  =  0.05). Clearance of @entity1087 is related to the age at KPE in @entity1 who receive high-dose @entity230 . Native liver survival appears to be improved as a result of this. This is the first study to show tangible longer-term benefit from high-dose @entity230 in @entity2876 .

title: @entity230 after the Kasai procedure for XXXX : the effect of age at Kasai portoenterostomy.

entities_list: @entity2876 :: ('MESH:D001656', 'Disease') :: ['biliary atresia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2876 :: (MESH:D001656,Disease) :: ['biliary atresia']


abstract: Low/medium- @entity548 -risk populations undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) show significantly less @entity548 with bivalirudin ( @entity3032 ) than with unfractionated heparin (UFH), but this has not been established for high-risk @entity1 . We performed a randomized double-blind prospective trial comparing efficacy and safety of @entity3032 versus UFH combined with dual antiplatelet therapy during PCI among 100 high-risk @entity1 with non-ST elevation @entity583 (NSTEMI) or @entity951 . The baseline characteristics were similar in both treatment arms. A radial approach was used in 84% of @entity1 with a higher rate in the @entity3032 group (90 vs. 78%, p   <   0.05). Study end points were: major and @entity548 , port-of-entry complications, major adverse @entity299 (MACE) in-hospital, and at long-term follow-up. There was one case of major @entity360 in the @entity3032 group and 7% @entity548 complications in both categories. Rate of periprocedural @entity583 (PPMI) in the @entity3032 group was twice that in the UFH group (20 vs. 10%, p   <   0.16). In-hospital MACE rate was higher in @entity3032 @entity1 as well (12 vs. 2%, p   =   0.1). By univariate analysis, the femoral approach was the predictor of PPMI and in-hospital MACE. In a multivariate model, the independent predictor of PPMI was previous MI (odds ratio, 7.7; p   <   0.0158). PPMI was 49.7 times more likely with the femoral approach plus @entity3032 than the nonfemoral approach plus UFH (p   <   0.0021). At 41.5        14 months' follow-up, end points did not significantly differ between the groups. In @entity1 at high risk for @entity548 undergoing PCI, @entity3032 was not superior to UFH for @entity548 complications, and early and late clinical outcomes.

title: Bivalirudin versus Unfractionated Heparin during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in XXXX at High Risk for Bleeding.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'minor bleeding']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity1 gametes and pre-implantation embryos express selectively several complement regulatory proteins. @entity806 ( @entity806 , @entity806 ) and @entity9819 ( @entity9819 , @entity9819 ) are regulators for C3 convertases and protectin ( @entity1009 ) is an inhibitor of the membrane attack complex. These three proteins were identified on @entity1 sperm and found to be functional. @entity9819 and @entity1009 were both expressed by the plasmic membrane of unfertilized oocytes and pre-implantation embryos. @entity806 was not present on unfertilized oocytes but appeared at the 6/8 cell-stage embryo when @entity1 gene expression first occurs. @entity3432 ( @entity3432 , @entity3432 ) and MHC class I antigens were not found on oocytes neither on embryos. Such a selective expression of complement regulatory proteins associated with the lack of MHC class I antigens may represent an immune protective mechanism by which @entity1 gametes and pre-implantation embryos escape from complement-mediated damage during their travel through the female genital tract. Indeed uterine, tubal and follicular fluids contain all the components of the complement cascade, including classical and alternative pathways. Nevertheless participation of @entity806 and @entity1009 in cell to cell interaction during fertilization and/or implantation cannot be excluded. @entity1009 is an adhesive molecule involved in the rosette phenomena and @entity806 has been described as the @entity1 receptor for @entity805 , which binds through a fusion protein. Monoclonal antibodies raised against these two proteins ( @entity806 and @entity1009 ) are able to inhibit heterospecific fertilization between zona-free hamster oocytes and @entity1 spermatozoa suggesting the role of these proteins during fertilization.

title: [Expression and role of complement regulatory proteins on XXXX gametes and pre-implantation embryos].

entities_list: @entity805 :: ('11234', 'Species') :: ['measles virus']

entities_list: @entity806 :: ('4179', 'Gene') :: ['MCP', 'CD46', 'Membrane cofactor protein']

entities_list: @entity9819 :: ('1604', 'Gene') :: ['CD55', 'decay accelerating factor', 'DAF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Interventions for prevention and treatment of @entity28 increases in physical activity and, more recently, reductions in physical inactivity (sedentary behaviour such as television viewing). However, the evidence base for such strategies is extremely limited. The main aim of the present review was to update the systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence in the light of the recent rapid expansion of research in this area. @entity23 ( @entity23 ) that targeted activity or inactivity, that followed up @entity1 or adolescents for at least 1 year and that included an objective weight-related outcome measure were included. Trials were appraised using previously published criteria (Harbour _ Miller, 2001), and literature search strategies described previously (Reilly et al. 2002) were updated to May 2002. A total of four new @entity23 , two new systematic reviews and one meta-analysis were identified. The evidence base has increased markedly since the completion of earlier reviews, although high-quality evidence is still lacking. The evidence on childhood @entity28 prevention is not encouraging, although promising targets for prevention are now clear, notably reduction in sedentary behaviour. There is stronger evidence that targeting activity and/or inactivity might be effective in paediatric @entity28 treatment, but doubts as to the generalisability of existing interventions, and the clinical relevance of the interventions is unclear. Further research in settings outside the USA is urgently needed, and two ongoing @entity23 in Scotland are summarised.

title: Physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of paediatric XXXX : systematic review and critical appraisal.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomised controlled trials', 'RCT']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity', 'childhood obesity typically target']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity521 is the most common extracranial solid pediatric malignancy. The most common site is abdomen with predominance of suprarenal medulla. Infiltration of the @entity5 to the liver is rare. No cases were reported in the literature about the misdiagnosis of @entity521 as @entity4607 in the liver. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We represent a rare case of @entity521 misdiagnosed as @entity4607 in liver in a six-month-old female @entity1 presented with @entity221 and abdominal mass. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed @entity5409 occupying most of the right liver enchroaching upon right suprarenal region and displacing the right kidney inferior suggestive for @entity4607 . Right adrenalectomy with en-bloc resection of the adjacent liver segments was done. Postoperative pathology revealed @entity521 with positive specific immunohistochemistry (IHC). DISCUSSION: Although @entity521 is the second most common pediatric abdominal malignancy with specific diagnostic modalities, a misdiagnosis of a case with @entity521 as @entity4607 is rare. Histopathological diagnosis of @entity521 with positive IHC is essential as shown in our case. CONCLUSION: We represent a rare case of @entity521 which arose from the right adrenal gland and infiltrated the adjacent liver substance mimicking @entity409 . @entity521 is rarely presented with pyrexia of unknown origin. @entity521 should be considered in differential diagnosis of abdominal mass in all @entity1 and @entity1 .

title: Right adrenal gland neuroblastoma infiltrating the liver and mimicking XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['large cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'Neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal hamartoma']

answer: @entity4607 :: (MESH:D006222,Disease) :: ['mesenchymal hamartoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity30 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity4284 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with active @entity30 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity229 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity2656 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity229 tapering. @entity310 production and the levels of expression of @entity2451 / @entity4284 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity1 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity229 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity1 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity1 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity310 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity2451 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity4284 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity1 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity32 in determining the clinical course of @entity30 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity229 XXXX in @entity30 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity310 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inhibition of inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging leads to a gradual decline in the fidelity of cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to neuronal activation, resulting in an increased risk for @entity64 and @entity303 . However, it is currently unknown when age-related @entity409 starts or which vascular components and functions are first affected. The aim of this study was to examine the function of microcirculation throughout aging in @entity19 . Microcirculation was challenged by inhalation of 5% and 10% @entity3158 or by forepaw stimulation in 6-week, 8-month, and 12-month-old FVB/ @entity19 . The resulting dilation of pial vessels and increase in CBF was measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy and laser Doppler fluxmetry, respectively. Neurovascular coupling and astrocytic endfoot @entity141 were measured in acute brain slices from 18-month-old @entity19 . We did not reveal any changes in CBF after @entity3158 reactivity up to an age of 12 months. However, direct visualization of pial vessels by in vivo microscopy showed a significant, age-dependent loss of @entity3158 reactivity starting at 8 months of age. At the same age neurovascular coupling was also significantly affected. These results suggest that aging does not affect cerebral vessel function simultaneously, but starts in pial microvessels months before global changes in CBF are detectable.Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow _ Metabolism advance online publication, 10 June 2015; doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2015.107.

title: Dysfunction of XXXX cerebral arteries during early aging.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular dysfunction']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The corneal stromal reaction and repair were studied after alkali wound in the @entity95 . The wound was followed for 6 months. The size and @entity231 of the wound were followed in the slit lamp and photographically. Morphology and dry mass or water content were studied using quantitative microradiography. The size of the wound @entity231 diminished throughout the observation period. The density of the @entity231 varied with the stromal water content. An increased water content as well as large variation in water content caused increased @entity231 . The @entity3279 , determined already after 1 hr, was not detectable by 1 week using quantitative microradiography. Subsequently, an extensive @entity4 developed, water accumulation being most marked in the posterior part of the @entity267 . After 8 weeks, an increase in interlamellar dry mass content could be determined as a sign of a stromal healing process. Stromal thickness and dry mass content had returned to normal values by 6 months.

title: Stromal reaction and repair after corneal alkali wound in the XXXX : a quantitative microradiographic study.

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6985 has been approved for the treatment of lower-risk @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) with 5q deletion (del(5q)). We present for the first time a retrospective analysis of low-risk @entity2590 with isolated del5q treated with @entity6985 , outside the clinical trials. METHODS: 36 red blood cell (RBC) transfusion-dependent @entity1 have been included in the study. @entity1 received @entity6985 10  mg/day on days 1-21 of 28-day cycles. RESULTS: 91.7  % of @entity1 responded to @entity6985 treatment: 72.2  % achieved erythroid response, 19.4  % achieved minor erythroid response and 8.4  % of @entity1 did not respond to treatment. Response depended on number of previous treatment lines (p   =   0.0101), International Prognostic System Score (IPSS; p   =   0.0067) and RBC transfusion frequency (p   =   0.0139). Median duration of response was 16  months (range 6-60 months). Treatment was well tolerated. We observed hematological @entity137 (grade 3 and 4): @entity1398 in 16 (44.4  %) @entity1 and @entity882 in 9 (25  %) @entity1 . Two @entity1 (5.5  %) progressed to high-risk @entity2590 and two subsequent progressed to @entity3052 . A Kaplan-Meier estimate for overall survival at 5  years in the study group was 79.0        8.8  %. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6985 in this group of @entity1 was beneficial for the treatment of RBC transfusion-dependency with well-known safety profile.

title: Polish experience of @entity6985 in the treatment of lower risk XXXX with isolated del(5q).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome', 'MDS']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity6985 :: ('MESH:C467567', 'Chemical') :: ['Lenalidomide', 'lenalidomide']

answer: @entity2590 :: (MESH:D009190,Disease) :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical examination of the expression and localization of neurofilament (NF) proteins and @entity22262 in spinal @entity17505 (twy/twy) @entity19 with progressive compression of the cervical spinal cord. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biologic functions of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the @entity19 cervical spinal cord during chronic mechanical compression. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The pathologic and repair process in the chronically compressed spinal cord are understood poorly. The present authors hypothesized that there existed an increased expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in twy/twy @entity19 during the lengthy period of @entity1745 , which resembles @entity1745 . METHODS: The cervical spinal cords of 54 twy @entity19 (aged 8 weeks [n = 18], 14 weeks [n = 18], and 20 weeks [n = 18]) and 18 control animals were examined histologically. Using appropriate antibodies, sections were also stained immunohistochemically for NF proteins and @entity22262 . RESULTS: Separation of the myelin sheath from the axon and @entity4 with deformation were detected in the anterior and lateral funiculi of the spinalcords of 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 . No such changes were noted in 8-week-old twy @entity19 . In twy/twy @entity19 aged 8 and 14 weeks with mild-to-moderate compression, weak immunoreactivities (mainly in the white matter) for NF proteins and @entity22262 were noted; however, in 20-week-old twy/twy @entity19 , these axons stained strongly positive and immunoreactive swollen axons were present. The relative area of @entity22262 immunoreactive axons gradually increased between 8 and 20 weeks in each column, particularly in the anterior and lateral funiculi in the contralateral side of compression. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the expression of NF proteins and @entity22262 in the white matter increased proportionally with the magnitude of @entity1745 , and indicated the possible involvement of @entity22262 in both @entity528 and repair processes in the chronically compressed spinal cord.

title: Progressive changes in neurofilament proteins and growth-associated protein-43 immunoreactivities at the site of cervical XXXX in spinal @entity17505 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['axonal swelling']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression', 'compressive myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity17505 :: ('MESH:C537115', 'Disease') :: ['hyperostotic']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['spinal cord compression']


abstract: CONTEXT: The terrorist attacks on Israeli society have been ongoing since September 2000. However, few studies have examined the impact of @entity13390 on nationally representative population samples, and no study has examined the psychological impact of ongoing @entity13390 in Israel. OBJECTIVES: To determine the level of exposure to terrorist attacks and the prevalence of traumatic stress-related (TSR) symptoms, symptoms of @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ), and sense of safety after 19 months of @entity13390 in Israel, and to identify correlates of the psychological sequelae and the modes of coping with the @entity13390 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Telephone survey conducted April-May 2002, using a strata sampling method, of 902 eligible households and a representative sample of 742 Israeli residents older than 18 years (82% contact rate) and a final participation of 512 (57%). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of TSR symptoms, rates of those with symptom criteria for @entity1005 and @entity14469 assessed by the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire, self-reported feelings of @entity308 , optimism, sense of safety, help-seeking, and modes of coping. RESULTS: Of 512 survey @entity1 , 84 (16.4%) had been directly exposed to a terrorist attack and 191 (37.3%) had a family member or friend who had been exposed. Of 510 @entity1 who responded to questions about TSR symptoms, 391 (76.7%) had at least 1 TSR symptom (mean, 4.0 [SD, 4.5]; range, 0-23; mean intensity, 0.8; range, 0-4). Symptom criteria for @entity1005 were met by 48 @entity1 (9.4%) and criteria for @entity14469 , by 1 @entity1 ; 299 (58.6%) reported feeling @entity308 . The majority of respondents expressed optimism about their personal future (421/512 [82.2%]) and the future of Israel (307/509 [66.8%]), and expressed self-efficacy with regard to their ability to function in a terrorist attack (322/431 [74.6%]). Most expressed a low sense of safety with respect to themselves (307/509 [60.4%]) and their relatives (345/507 [67.9%]). Few reported a need for professional help (27/506 [5.3%]). Female sex, sense of safety, and use of tranquilizers, @entity167 , and cigarettes to cope were associated with TSR symptoms and symptom criteria for @entity1005 ; level of exposure and objective risk were not. The most prevalent coping mechanisms were active information search about loved ones and social support. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the nature and length of the Israeli traumatic experience, the psychological impact may be considered moderate. Although the survey @entity1 showed distress and lowered sense of safety, they did not develop high levels of @entity146 , which may be related to a habituation process and to coping mechanisms.

title: Exposure to @entity13390 , stress-related mental health symptoms, and XXXX among a nationally representative sample in Israel.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity14469 :: ('MESH:D040701', 'Disease') :: ['acute stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric distress']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['coping behaviors']


abstract: We carried out a meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit of epidermal growth factor- @entity4149 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 ) over the standard first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy for metastatic @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Studies that were considered eligible included controlled prospective randomized phase III studies in @entity1 with @entity1149 stages IIIB or IV. These @entity1 received standard first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy or @entity470 -TKI; overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) with adequate data were available to calculate and estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Eight studies were identified that compared @entity470 -TKI versus standard first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy to treat @entity1149 in 2962 @entity1 . @entity1 receiving @entity470 showed significantly longer PFS [HR=0.266 (95% CI=0.20-0.35), P<0.0001]. No significant difference in overall survival [HR=0.946 (95% CI=0.35-2.53), P=0.912] was observed between the groups. The cumulative meta-analysis of the studies showed that, since 2011 (OPTIMAL study), the PFS benefit in the @entity470 arm was statistically significantly longer. @entity137 values greater than or equal to 3 in the most prevalent @entity470 -TKI group included @entity1910 , @entity294 , and increased aminotransferase. @entity470 -TKI treatment significantly extends PFS, with acceptable @entity137 than @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Thus, they should be considered as the first choice in the first-line treatment for @entity1 with @entity1149 and with the @entity470 mutation.

title: Cumulative meta-analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor- XXXX kinase inhibitors as first-line therapy in metastatic @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity4149 :: (D014443,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: The influence of @entity835 abuse on the severity of existing @entity716 and affective symptoms is still unclear. Among 470 consecutively admitted @entity716 or affective @entity1 , 54 active (in the previous month) @entity835 abusers were detected via urine tests (Sure Step TM kits; Applied Biotech Inc, San Diego, @entity2948 ) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity915 - IV) questionnaire. In 24 cases, substances other than @entity835 were abused; 392 @entity1 were nonabusers. All @entity1 were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, criteria. The following rating scales were used: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). @entity835 abusers (n = 54) were significantly younger and more frequently males than nonuser @entity1 . In this group, there were more @entity161 @entity1 and fewer affective and @entity148 @entity1 (chi(2) = 11.76; P < .01). The double-diagnosed @entity1 had more prominent @entity716 symptoms than the nonusers (n = 392)-PANSS positive: 19.056 +/- 8.30 vs 16.128 +/- 8.031 (P < .02; t(446) = 2.510). The difference was statistically significant for hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, and hostility. General PANSS scale rate of abusers was lower: 33.012 +/- 9.317 vs 37.3575 +/- 11.196 (P < .01; t = 2.727), especially for @entity308 , @entity148 , somatic concern, guilt feelings, @entity2701 , @entity1957 , and @entity132 . Rates of PANSS negative scale of abusers and nonusers were not significantly different (13.815 +/- 6.868 vs 14.983 +/- 6.446) except for lower rates of social withdrawal and stereotyped thinking for abusers. No significant difference in general level of @entity162 (YMRS) between abusers and nonusers was observed (6.778 +/- 10.826 vs 4.910 +/- 7.754), but severity of thought/language disturbances and poor insight was found significantly higher in the abusers. @entity835 abusers are obviously less depressive (HAM-D): 5.944 +/- 10.291 vs 12.896 +/- 13.946 (P < .0005, t = 3.535). Such differences were observed in the high number of the subscales. Abusers' rates were higher (although not significantly) for paranoid symptoms and general somatic symptoms. @entity835 possibly produces some antidepressive and anxiolytic effect on @entity716 and affective inpatients. The "price" of this effect is often an exacerbation of @entity716 and some @entity162 .

title: XXXX and severity of psychotic and affective disorders in Israeli @entity146 inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['volition disturbances']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity835 :: ('MESH:D002189', 'Disease') :: ['cannabis', 'Cannabis']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['motor retardation']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic']

answer: @entity835 :: (MESH:D002189,Disease) :: ['Cannabis abuse']


abstract: @entity2304 ( @entity2304 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity10734 ( @entity10734 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity10734 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity19 (Tg- @entity19 ) that constitutively express @entity1 (h) @entity10734 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity19 were analyzed by @entity7522 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity10734 interacts with @entity2304 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity19 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity2841 . Although @entity19 (m) @entity2304 yielded only GM colonies, @entity2841 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity2841 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity3019 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity2841 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity3019 . @entity2841 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity14190 . Therefore, @entity2304 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity1 @entity10734 expressed in XXXX stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity1 @entity2841 .

entities_list: @entity2304 :: ('12981(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity7522 :: ('MESH:D008747', 'Chemical') :: ['methylcellulose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular autoregulation (CA) is an important hemodynamic mechanism that protects the brain against inappropriate fluctuations in cerebral blood flow in the face of changing cerebral perfusion pressure. @entity177 is associated with worse outcomes in various acute @entity16 . An integrative approach is presently used according to the existing paradigm for the association of series of temporal @entity73 with the outcomes of @entity1 with @entity131 ( @entity131 ). OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the duration of @entity73 events on severe @entity131 @entity1 outcomes. @entity1 age was also included in the analysis of the prospectively collected clinical data. METHODS: CA monitoring included 33 prospective severe @entity131 @entity1 . The pressure reactivity index [ @entity10166 (t)] was continuously monitored to collect information on the dynamics of CA status and to analyze associations between the duration of the longest @entity73 event and @entity1 outcomes. RESULTS: The Glasgow outcome scale and the duration of the longest @entity73 were negatively correlated. The duration of autoregulation impairment significantly correlated with worse outcomes. Multidimensional representation of Glasgow outcome scale plots showed that better outcomes were obtained for younger @entity1 (age < 47 years) and those whose longest @entity73 event was shorter than 40 minutes if @entity10166 (t) was above 0.7 in the @entity73 event. CONCLUSION: Unfavorable outcomes for @entity131 @entity1 are more significantly associated with the duration of the single longest @entity73 episode at a high @entity10166 (t) value, rather than with averaged @entity10166 (t) values or the average time of all @entity73 episodes. ABBREVIATIONS: ABP, arterial blood pressureABP(t), continuous reference arterial blood pressureCA, cerebrovascular autoregulationCBF, cerebral blood flowCPP, cerebral perfusion pressureGOS, Glasgow outcome scaleGOSHD, Glasgow outcome scale after hospital dischargeGOS6M, Glasgow outcome scale at 6 months after dischargeICP, intracranial pressureICP(t), continuously monitored intracranial pressureLCAI, longest CA impairmentoptCPP, optimal cerebral perfusion pressurePRx(t), pressure reactivity indexTBI, @entity131 .

title: Association of Severe @entity131 XXXX Outcomes With Duration of Cerebrovascular Autoregulation Impairment Events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['CA impairment', 'CA impairments']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Temporal CA failure']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although the importance of stretching exercise for @entity158 -relieving and @entity1 education is well documented for chronic lumbago @entity1 , it is uncertain how effective on-the-job training (OJT) is for female caregivers in nursing homes. In the present pilot trial based on multicenter randomization, we evaluated the intervention effect of a lecture and stretching exercise on caregivers in nursing homes. METHODS: Eighty-eight female caregivers (four nursing homes) volunteered to participate in this study, and they were separated into two groups randomly. For the intervention group, guidance by an orthopedist and an exercise instructor were provided as one OJT, and stretching exercises for only 6 min every day were recommended for @entity1643 prevention to the caregivers. @entity1643 visual analogue scale (VAS), physical fitness, and mental and physical health were compared at baseline and immediately after the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 29 (33%) @entity1 withdrew by 12 weeks. Regarding the reasons for withdrawal, 28 @entity1 resigned, and one took a leave of absence due to exacerbation of lumbago. Adherence to the stretching exercises was 2.3    1.3 (mean    SD) times per week. No significant differences were seen for any outcome measurements. The high adherence group (   3 times per week) did not show a change in the VAS, but the low adherence group (<3 times per week) and control group showed a tendency towards an increased score (p = 0.068). CONCLUSIONS: Even with the conduct of one OJT, and exercises of only 6 min every day, the adherence of caregivers was low, and there appeared to be few effects of the OJT.

title: Effectiveness of intervention for XXXX in female caregivers in nursing homes: a pilot trial based on multicenter randomization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perinatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed @entity5149 . METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of all cases of prenatally diagnosed @entity5149 referred to a major tertiary fetal medicine unit. Cases were identified from the fetal medicine and obstetric databases and pregnancy details and delivery outcome data obtained. Details of termination of pregnancy, number of @entity1 undergoing karyotyping as well as details of prenatal classification of severity were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 174 cases were identified. Of these, outcome data was available for 88.5% (154/174) of the pregnancies. Eighty three (47.7%) of cases were isolated and 91 cases (52.3%) were associated with additional abnormalities. There was a significant difference in birth weights between the two cohorts. @entity66 tended to be more severe. A high caesarean section rate was noted overall and a high @entity3152 rate seen in the isolated group. CONCLUSION: This study is important because it provides contemporary data that can be used to counsel @entity1 prenatally. In particular, the raised risk of @entity3152 and caesarean section as well as the increased severity of the condition when both feet are affected should be discussed. The poor perinatal outcome when additional anomalies are present and the increased risk of @entity2007 are also important factors.

title: Perinatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral abnormality']

entities_list: @entity5149 :: ('MESH:D003025', 'Disease') :: ['congenital talipes equinovarus']

answer: @entity5149 :: (MESH:D003025,Disease) :: ['congenital talipes equinovarus']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity416 and @entity901 (XELOX-RT) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity5 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity416 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity901 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity66 , and sphincter preservation in @entity1 with @entity5 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity137 was observed in two of six @entity1 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity901 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity137 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity294 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity1431 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity1 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity1 , and 68% of @entity1 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity1 with @entity66 , and 36% of @entity1 with @entity5 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity1487 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of XXXX , @entity901 , and radiation for @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine', 'Capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T4 disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['low-lying tumors', 'tumors', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modeling cellular metabolism is fundamental for many biotechnological applications, including drug discovery and rational cell factory design. Central @entity505 metabolism (CCM) is particularly important as it provides the energy and precursors for other biological processes. However, the complex regulation of CCM pathways has still not been fully unraveled and recent studies have shown that CCM is mostly regulated at post-transcriptional levels. In order to better understand the role of allosteric regulation in controlling the metabolic phenotype, we expand the reconstruction of CCM in @entity526 with @entity13997 obtained from relevant databases. This model is used to integrate multi-omics datasets and analyze the coordinated changes in enzyme, metabolite, and flux levels between multiple experimental conditions. We observe cases where @entity13997 have a major contribution to the metabolic flux changes. Inspired by these results, we develop a constraint-based method (arFBA) for simulation of metabolic flux distributions that accounts for @entity13997 . This method can be used for systematic prediction of potential allosteric regulation under the given experimental conditions based on experimental data. We show that arFBA allows predicting coordinated flux changes that would not be predicted without considering allosteric regulation. The results reveal the importance of key regulatory metabolites, such as @entity4567 , in controlling the metabolic flux. Accounting for @entity13997 in metabolic reconstructions reveals a hidden topology in metabolic networks, improving our understanding of cellular metabolism and fostering the development of novel simulation methods that account for this type of regulation.

title: Modeling the Contribution of Allosteric Regulation for Flux Control in the Central @entity505 Metabolism of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4567 :: ('MESH:C029063', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose-1,6-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity13997 :: ('MESH:C563663', 'Disease') :: ['allosteric interactions']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intracapillary foam cell infiltration with podocyte alterations is a characteristic pathology of @entity628 ( @entity628 ). We investigated the possible role of podocyte injury in glomerular macrophage and foam cell infiltration in a podocyte-selective injury model (NEP25 @entity19 ) and @entity753 model [ @entity1748 deficiency ( @entity1748 (-/-)) @entity19 ] with @entity632 -induced @entity8 . Acute podocyte selective injury alone failed to induce glomerular macrophages in the NEP25 @entity19 . However, in the @entity632 -treated @entity753 @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 , glomerular macrophages/foam cells significantly increased and were accompanied by lipid deposition and the formation and ingestion of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs). Glomerular macrophages significantly correlated with the amount of glomerular oxPL. The NEP25/ @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 exhibited severe @entity1007 , glomerular lipid deposition, and @entity8 . Imaging mass spectrometry revealed that a major component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, @entity6579 16:0 and 18:0, was present only in the glomeruli of NEP25/ @entity1748 (-/-) @entity19 . @entity6579 16:0 stimulated mesangial cells and macrophages, and @entity6579 18:0 stimulated glomerular endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and chemokines, promoting macrophage adhesion and migration in  vitro. In @entity1 @entity628 , glomerular macrophage-derived foam cells contained oxPLs accompanied by the expression of chemokines in the tuft. In  conclusion, glomerular lipid modification represents a novel pathology by podocyte injury, promoting @entity628 . Podocyte injury-driven @entity6579 de novo accelerated glomerular macrophage-derived foam cell infiltration via @entity6579 -mediated expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in  glomerular resident cells.

title: Podocyte Injury-Driven Lipid Peroxidation Accelerates the Infiltration of Glomerular Foam Cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1748 :: ('16835(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['LDLR', 'low-density lipoprotein receptor']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine', 'lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

answer: @entity628 :: (MESH:D005923,Disease) :: ['Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy decreases total lymph nodes harvested and possibly affects lymph node staging after total mesorectal excision in @entity1 with @entity5 . OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare staging by lymph node ratio with staging by absolute number of positive lymph nodes. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective cohort review. SETTING: : A tertiary care referral center was the setting for this investigation. @entity1 : A total of 281 consecutive @entity1 who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and total mesorectal excision after histologically confirmed @entity5 between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2008 were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lymph node ratio is the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes within one sample. Risk categories of low (0 to < 0.09); medium (0.09 to < 0.36); and high (>=  0.36) for lymph node ratio were chosen by significance with the use of @entity797 proportional hazards models. These categories were then used in a reclassification table and compared with positive lymph node stage: low (0 positive nodes), medium (1-3 nodes), and high (> 3) by 5-year mortality rates. RESULTS: The majority (87%) of @entity1 were concordant in risk assessment. Thirty @entity1 were downstaged to lower risk lymph node ratio categories without showing actual lower mortality rates. Seven @entity1 were upstaged to a high-risk lymph node ratio category with a supporting higher 5-year mortality rate. When limiting the analysis to those with fewer than 12 nodes, 136 (95%) @entity1 were concordant in risk assessment; all 30 incorrectly downstaged @entity1 were removed, but the 7 correctly upstaged @entity1 remained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who undergo neoadjuvant chemoradiation before @entity5 surgery frequently have fewer than 12 lymph nodes harvested despite maintaining vigorous surgical standards. Lymph node ratios may provide excellent prognostic value and are possibly a better independent staging method than absolute positive lymph node counts when less than 12 lymph nodes are harvested after neoadjuvant treatment.

title: The prognostic value of lymph node ratio after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: The @entity35 forced swimming test (FST) distinguishes selective @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and selective @entity1063 (NA) reuptake-inhibitors, which respectively increase swimming and climbing behaviours. However, NA-system-mediated inhibition of @entity750 -induced swimming prevents dual @entity750 /NA reuptake-inhibition to produce concurrently climbing with swimming. Since adaptative neurochemical processes occur in the treatment of @entity308 , we examined the influence of long-term antidepressant treatment on these interactions. METHODS: (1) Selective [ @entity905 : 10 mg/kg; @entity5829 : 10 mg/kg] and non-selective [ @entity1153 : 40 mg/kg; @entity13332 : 20 mg/kg] antidepressants were administered subacutely (3inj) and chronically (17inj) over 16 days. (2) A subacute @entity905 - @entity5829 combination (10-10 mg/kg) was administered in @entity35 that were pre-treated with chronic- @entity5829 (10 mg/kg per day, 14 days). (3) NA-system-mediated interactions were further examined by combining the alpha(2)-receptor agonist @entity1338 (5, 10, 20, 200 microg/kg) with 10 mg/kg @entity905 . RESULTS: (1) Long-term treatment with either @entity905 or @entity5829 does not modify the behavioural response produced by their subacute administration. (2) In contrast, whereas subacute-milnacipran increases climbing solely, chronic-milnacipran produces greater anti-immobility effects and increases both climbing and swimming behaviours. Similarly, the @entity905 - @entity5829 combination produces climbing solely, but increases both climbing and swimming behaviours in animals pre-treated with chronic- @entity5829 . Chronic but not subacute- @entity13332 increases swimming behaviour. (3) @entity1338 dose-dependently antagonizes @entity905 -induced anti-immobility effects and swimming behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic enhancement of NA-transmission alters NA-system-mediated inhibition of @entity750 -induced behaviour in the FST, which may involve alpha(2)-receptors.

title: In the @entity35 forced swimming test, chronic but not subacute administration of dual XXXX /NA antidepressant treatments may produce greater effects than selective drugs.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity1338 :: ('MESH:D003000', 'Chemical') :: ['clonidine']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desipramine']

entities_list: @entity13332 :: ('MESH:C035133', 'Chemical') :: ['mirtazapine']

entities_list: @entity1153 :: ('MESH:C048107', 'Chemical') :: ['milnacipran']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['5-HT']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity67 ( @entity67 ) after @entity548 ( @entity548 ) without symptomatic @entity1276 is controversial. The object of this study was to examine indicators or the timeframe for @entity1276 in @entity1 not immediately treated with @entity67 after @entity548 . METHODS Records from 2007 to 2014 were searched for " @entity548 " or " @entity548 ." Inclusion criteria were @entity548 after @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ), @entity130 , @entity5 , or @entity455 . Exclusion criteria were @entity548 with more than minimal @entity510 , @entity1779 , layering @entity548 only, or @entity1276 treated immediately with @entity67 . @entity548 was measured with the modified Graeb Score (mGS). An mGS of 5 indicates a full ventricle with dilation. Statistics included chi-square, Student's t-test, and Mann-Whitney tests; receiver operating characteristics; and uni- and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS One hundred five @entity1 met the criteria; of these, 30 (28.6%) required @entity67 . Panventricular @entity548 was the most common pattern (n = 49, 46.7%), with 25 of these @entity1 (51%) requiring @entity67 . The median mGS was 18    5.4 (range 12-29) and 9    4.5 (range 2-21) in the @entity67 and No- @entity67 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Factors associated with @entity67 were radiological @entity1276 at presentation, midline shift > 5 mm, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score < 8, mGS > 13, third ventricle mGS = 5, and fourth ventricle mGS = 5. On multivariate analysis, GCS score < 8 [4.02 (range 1.13-14.84), p = 0.032], mGS > 13 [3.83 (range 1.02-14.89), p = 0.046], and fourth ventricle mGS = 5 [5.01 (range 1.26-22.78), p = 0.022] remained significant. Most @entity1 treated with @entity67 (n = 25, 83.3%) required it soon after presentation [6.4    3.3 (range 1.5-14) hrs]. The remaining 5 @entity1 (16.7%) had a delayed @entity67 requirement [70.7    22.7 (range 50-104.5) hrs]. CONCLUSIONS In this study population, the risk for @entity67 was variable, but greater with mGS > 13, @entity772 , and a dilated fourth ventricle. While the need for @entity67 occurs within the 1st day after @entity548 in most @entity1 , a minority require @entity67 after 48 hours.

title: Risk factors for @entity1276 requiring external ventricular drainage in XXXX with @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage', 'IVH']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['External ventricular drainage', 'EVD']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic ICH', 'ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a combined Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy versus conventional treatment on @entity1615 . METHODS: One hundred twenty outpatients with mild and moderate @entity1615 were randomly divided into a @entity1058 ( @entity1058 ) and a brace group (CG). @entity1058 @entity1 underwent Daoyin, Tuina, and acupotomology therapies. CG @entity1 were treated with a Milwaukee brace. Each @entity1 's Cobb angle was measured after 12 and 24 months of treatment, and pulmonary function was determined after 12 months of treatment. Average electromyogram (AEMG) ratio of the surface electromyogram was measured after 6 and 12 months of treatment and followed-up after 18 and 24 months. RESULTS: The Cobb angle significantly decreased in both groups after 12 months of treatment compared with before treatment (P< 0.05). The percentages of original Cobb angle in @entity1058 and CG were 51.4% and 47.8% (P > 0.05) after 12 months and 62.5% and 34.7% (P < 0.05) after 24 months, respectively. Pulmonary function significantly improved after 12 months in @entity1058 (P < 0.05) but significantly decreased in CG (P < 0.05). The AEMG ratio was significantly lower (P < 0.01) and tended to remain at 1 after stopping treatment in @entity1058 , but increased in CG (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: TCM combined therapy can prevent the progression of @entity1635 . The AEMG ratio is a promising index that could replace radiography in the evaluation of treatment effect and progression in @entity1635 .

title: Effect of a Traditional Chinese Medicine combined therapy on XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1058 :: ('MESH:C562377', 'Disease') :: ['TCM group', 'TCMG']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival @entity2713 injections for resistant, nonnecrotizing, @entity3170 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. @entity1 : Twelve eyes of 10 consecutive @entity1 seen in the Doheny Eye Institute between August 1999 and December 2000 with diffuse, nonnecrotizing @entity3170 that was resistant to systemic antiinflammatory therapy. Eyes with a history of @entity134 response were excluded. INTERVENTION: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 to the areas of maximal @entity32 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity3170 activity, adverse treatment effects, and number of systemic medications required at the end of the follow-up period. RESULTS: Within 1 to 14 days after injection, complete resolution of signs and symptoms was achieved in 11 eyes and partial resolution in 1 eye. Two @entity1 had one recurrence each, 2.5 and 11 months after injection. Six of 10 @entity1 were able to discontinue all systemic therapy ( @entity229 +/- immunosuppressive drugs); the remaining 4 needed continued oral therapy for systemic indications. Transient @entity2790 and @entity548 occurred in one eye each. Median follow-up period was 15 months. No eye developed @entity39 . CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 is a safe and effective treatment for resistant, nonnecrotizing @entity3170 . It provides rapid effect, is well tolerated, and may spare @entity1 the significant complications and side effects of systemic corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy.

title: A prospective evaluation of subconjunctival injection of @entity2995 for resistant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['subconjunctival hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing scleritis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3170 :: ('MESH:D015423', 'Disease') :: ['anterior scleritis', 'Scleritis']

entities_list: @entity2713 :: ('MESH:D014221', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone']

answer: @entity3170 :: (MESH:D015423,Disease) :: ['anterior scleritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of clinically diagnosed @entity626 ( @entity571 ) in two general practice populations in the Wessex region (practice A: a deprived urban population and practice B: an affluent rural population) and to assess both conventional and complementary therapy use in these two populations. METHODS: All @entity1 over 55 yr with a clinical diagnosis of knee @entity571 , as identified from the practice computerized records, were sent a questionnaire about their knee @entity158 and their use of conventional and complementary treatments. RESULTS: A total of 4566 @entity1 over 55 yr were registered in the two practices. Of these, 828 (18.13%) had a clinical diagnosis of knee @entity571 and 240 (29%) @entity1 were asymptomatic at the time of survey. Physiotherapy was under-utilized with only 13.1% of @entity1 having received either hospital- or GP-based physiotherapy. There was a high prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, being significantly more in the affluent population (P < 0.05). In the affluent population there were statistically more social class groups 1-3a; statistically more NSAIDs, @entity4823 and @entity13488 were also used. The median amount spent on complementary medicine per month was 5.00 UK pounds, with the affluent population spending significantly more (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, physiotherapy is an under-utilized treatment for knee @entity571 , in spite of its recommendation as first-line treatment in all guidelines. Complementary medicines and therapies are commonly used, particularly in affluent populations.

title: The use of conventional and complementary treatments for XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity13488 :: ('CHEBI:37397', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulphate']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']