abstract: It has been suggested that @entity1372 depletion can alter cardiovascular reflexes and vascular sensitivity to pressors. To define the effects of @entity2753 on the hemodynamic response to volume depletion in the setting of @entity5507 , isolated ultrafiltration was performed in acutely uremic @entity235 previously rendered hyponatremic (127 + 2.5 [SD] mEq/L) for 72 hours by dialyzing against a low- @entity1372 dialysate. Response was compared with that of the same animals in the normonatremic (150 +/- 3.6 mEq/L) condition. Animals in the hyponatremic and normonatremic states had similar initial values of blood volume (hyponatremic 2284 +/- 338 ml, normonatremic 2306 +/- 372 ml, P not significant), mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance, but preultrafiltration body weight in the hyponatremic state was greater (hyponatremic 26.1 +/- 2.4 kg, normonatremic 24.6 +/- 1.7 kg, P less than 0.05). Isolated ultrafiltration was performed until a 30% fall in mean arterial pressure occurred. Body weight at the end of ultrafiltration in the hyponatremic state was still higher (24.7 +/- 2.4 kg) than in the normonatremic state (22.9 +/- 1.5 kg, P less than 0.05). At the end of ultrafiltration, similar values of blood volume (hyponatremic 1871 + 329 ml, normonatremic 1821 +/- 267, P not significant) cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance were again found. The results suggest that, in this model, @entity2753 is associated with an alteration in the relationship between body water and blood volume. The excess body water is difficult to remove by isolated ultrafiltration because blood volume depletion ensues at a higher body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity2753 on response to volume depletion in uremic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the number of involved lymph nodes (pN), number of removed lymph nodes (RLNs), lymph node ratio (LNR), number of negative lymph nodes (NLNs), and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in @entity0 @entity1 . The records of 2,515 @entity0 @entity1 who received a mastectomy or breast-conserving surgery were retrospectively reviewed. The log-rank test was used to compare survival curves, and Cox regression analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors. The median follow-up time was 64.2 months, and the 8-year disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 74.6% and 82.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that pN stage, LNR, number of RLNs, and number of NLNs were significant prognostic factors for DFS and @entity1349 (all, P < 0.05). LODDS was a significant prognostic factor for @entity1349 (P = 0.021). Multivariate analysis indicated that pN stage and the number of NLNs were independent prognostic factors for DFS and @entity1349 . A higher number of NLNs was associated with higher DFS and @entity1349 , and a higher number of involved lymph nodes were associated with poorer DFS and @entity1349 . @entity1 with a NLNs count > 9 had better survival (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the NLNs count had a prognostic value in @entity1 with different pT stages and different lymph node status (log-rank P < 0.05). For @entity0 , pN stage and NLNs count have a better prognostic value compared to the RLNs count, LNR, and LODDS. Number of negative lymph nodes should be considered for incorporation into staging for @entity0 .

title: Number of negative lymph nodes should be considered for incorporation into staging for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A novel method of harvesting whole-plant @entity4336 silage, shredlage, may increase kernel processing and physically effective fiber. Improved fiber effectiveness may be especially advantageous when feeding brown midrib (BMR) @entity4336 hybrids, which have reduced lignin content. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding TMR containing BMR @entity4336 shredlage (SHRD) compared with BMR conventionally processed @entity4336 silage (KP) or KP plus chopped alfalfa hay (KPH) on intake, lactation performance, and total-tract nutrient digestibility in dairy @entity291 . The KP was harvested using conventional rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 19 mm of theoretical length of cut, whereas SHRD was harvested using novel cross-grooved rolls (2-mm gap) and the self-propelled forage harvester set at 26 mm of theoretical length of cut. Holstein @entity291 (n = 120; 81    8 d in @entity6155 at trial initiation), stratified by parity, days in @entity6155 , and @entity6155 yield, were randomly assigned to 15 pens of 8 @entity291 each. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment diets, SHRD, KP, or KPH, in a completely randomized design using a 2-wk covariate period with @entity291 fed a common diet followed by a 14-wk treatment period with @entity291 fed their assigned treatment diet. The TMR contained (dry matter basis) KP or SHRD forages (45%), alfalfa silage (10%), and a concentrate mixture (45%). Hay replaced 10% of KP silage in the KPH treatment TMR (dry matter basis). @entity6155 , protein, and lactose yields were 3.4, 0.08, and 0.16 kg/d greater, respectively, for @entity291 fed KP and SHRD than KPH. A week by treatment interaction was detected for @entity6155 yield, such that @entity291 fed SHRD produced or tended to produce 1.5 kg/d per @entity291 more @entity6155 , on average, than @entity291 fed KP during 6 of the 14 treatment weeks. Component-corrected @entity6155 yields were similar among treatments. @entity291 fed KPH had greater @entity6155 fat concentration than @entity291 fed KP and SHRD (3.67 vs. 3.30% on average). Consumption of dry matter, rumination activity, and sorting behavior were similar among treatments. Ruminal in situ starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP forages, and total-tract dietary starch digestibility was greater for SHRD than KP. @entity6155 yield and starch digestibility were greater for SHRD than KP. Lack of improvement in @entity6155 fat content and rumination activity for SHRD compared with KP and reduced @entity6155 fat content for SHRD compared with KPH, however, suggest no improvement in physically effective fiber from the longer theoretical length of cut used with SHRD in a BMR hybrid.

title: Brown midrib @entity4336 shredlage in diets for high-producing dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cows']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This is a prospective study of the effects of maternal use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) during pregnancy on newborn neurobehavioral integrity, including systematic measures of behavioral state, sleep organization, motor activity, heart rate variability (HRV), tremulousness, and @entity427 . METHODS: The sample included 17 SSRI-exposed and 17 nonexposed, full-birth-weight newborn @entity1 who had no obvious medical problems and were matched on maternal cigarette use, social class, and maternal age. SSRI exposure was determined by medical records and maternal self-report during a standard interview. Behavioral state, @entity427 , and tremulousness were evaluated for 1 hour between feedings. Automated recordings of motor activity and HRV were also assessed during a 15-minute subset sleep period. HRV was subjected to spectral analysis to detect rhythms in autonomic regulation. Exposed and nonexposed @entity1 groups were compared on measures of neurobehavioral development both before and after adjustment for gestational age as a covariate. RESULTS: SSRI-exposed @entity1 had a shorter mean gestational age; were more motorically active and tremulous; and showed fewer rhythms in HRV, fewer changes in behavioral state, fewer different behavioral states, and a lower peak behavioral state. SSRI-exposed @entity1 also had significantly more rapid eye @entity10522 , which was characterized by longer continuous bouts in that state and higher numbers of spontaneous @entity427 or sudden arousals. After effects of gestational age were covaried, significant differences continued to be found in tremulousness and all measures of state and sleep organization, but effects on @entity427 , motor activity, and rhythms in HRV were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Results provide the first systematic evidence that @entity1 who use SSRIs during pregnancy have healthy, full-birth-weight newborn @entity1 who show disruptions in a wide range of neurobehavioral outcomes. Effects on motor activity, @entity427 , and HRV may be mediated through the effects of SSRI exposure on gestational age. Future research can lead to a better understanding of the effects of SSRI use during pregnancy and an improved public health outcome.

title: Maternal selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy and newborn neurobehavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['startles']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: A 43-year-old @entity1 with an unremarkable medical history presented to our hospital with 2   weeks of @entity10 , @entity2055 and @entity911 . CT of the head revealed a large haemorrhagic @entity5409 . A subsequent chest CT revealed a large left atrial mass. The mass was subsequently biopsied with positive immunohistochemistry staining for @entity7465 , @entity21468 and @entity2277 . Real-time PCR revealed @entity7465 amplification, confirming the diagnosis of @entity242 . The @entity1 underwent surgical resection and reconstruction of the atrium with subsequent discharge to short-term rehabilitation, but his symptoms continued to progress. A repeat CT of the head revealed a new cerebellar mass. He underwent a second resection, but continued to experience worsening symptoms. He was diagnosed with stage IV @entity242 and referred to hospice. The @entity1 died 5   months after initial presentation. Autopsy was performed and revealed the cause of @entity204 as @entity55 . There was no involvement of the pulmonic or aortic vessels.

title: Intimal (spindle cell) XXXX of the left atrium presenting with abnormal neurological examination.

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesion']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['intimal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: CONTEXT: In some adult @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 , the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. OBJECTIVES: To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. DESIGN: Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 , from 50 control subjects, and from 63 @entity1 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity294 ( @entity29 , @entity4143 , and @entity11162 ). @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 +/- 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, @entity1 with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 @entity1 with chronic intractable @entity294 had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 @entity1 . No @entity1 had systemic or cutaneous @entity5310 . No increase in mast cells was seen in @entity1 with other common causes of chronic @entity294 . CONCLUSIONS: In chronic intractable @entity294 , colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term @entity71975 describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in @entity1 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity294 . The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

title: XXXX : increased mucosal mast cells in chronic intractable @entity294 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity11162 :: ('MESH:D046730', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic colitis']

entities_list: @entity5310 :: ('MESH:D008415', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity71975 :: ('MESH:C536032', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytic enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity4143 :: ('MESH:D046729', 'Disease') :: ['collagenous colitis']

answer: @entity71975 :: (MESH:C536032,Disease) :: ['Mastocytic enterocolitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In Romania the rate of vaccine-associated @entity3328 is for unexplained reasons 5 to 17 times higher than in other countries. Long ago it was noted that intramuscular injections administered during the incubation period of wild-type @entity9925 infection increased the risk of @entity66 (a phenomenon known as "provocation" @entity3328 ). We conducted a case-control study to explore the association between intramuscular injections and vaccine-associated @entity3328 in Romania. METHODS: The @entity1 were 31 young @entity1 in whom vaccine-associated @entity3328 developed from 1988 through 1992. Eighteen were vaccine recipients, and 13 had acquired the disease by contact with vaccine recipients. Each of these @entity1 was matched with up to five controls according to health center, age, and in the case of vaccine recipients, history of receipt of the live attenuated oral @entity9925 vaccine. Data were abstracted from medical records that documented the injections administered in the 30 days before the onset of @entity912 . RESULTS: Of the 31 @entity1 with vaccine-associated disease, 27 (87 percent) had received one or more intramuscular injections within 30 days before the onset of @entity912 , as compared with 77 of the 151 controls (51 percent) (matched odds ratio, 31.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.0 to 244.2). Nearly all the intramuscular injections were of antibiotics, and the association was strongest for the @entity1 who received 10 or more injections (matched odds ratio for > or = 10 injections as compared with no injections, 182.1; 95 percent confidence interval, 15.2 to 2186.4). The risk of @entity66 was strongly associated with injections given after the oral polio virus vaccine, but not with injections given before or at the same time as the vaccine (matched odds ratio, 56.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 8.9 to infinity). The attributable risk in the population for intramuscular injections given in the 30 days before the onset of @entity912 was 86 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 66 to 95 percent); that is, we estimate that 86 percent of the cases of vaccine-associated @entity3328 in this population might have been prevented by the elimination of intramuscular injections within 30 days after exposure to oral @entity9925 vaccine. CONCLUSIONS: Provocation @entity912 , previously described only for wild-type @entity9925 infection, may rarely occur in a @entity1 who receives multiple intramuscular injections shortly after exposure to oral @entity9925 vaccine, either as a vaccine recipient or through contact with a recent recipient. This phenomenon may explain the high rate of vaccine-associated @entity3328 in Romania, where the use of intramuscular injections of antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity221 is common.

title: Intramuscular injections within 30 days of immunization with oral XXXX vaccine--a risk factor for vaccine-associated @entity3328 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic disease']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis', 'paralytic poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity9925 :: (138950,Species) :: ['poliovirus']


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity11450 with @entity4546 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity1534 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity1534 positive @entity1 with non-ulcer @entity2210 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (OCA); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (OCM); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity1 were assessed for prevalence of @entity1534 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity344 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity1 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity4581 , in 33% for @entity868 , and in 0% for @entity115 . Eradication of @entity4581 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity4581 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity868 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11450 in combination with @entity4581 and either @entity868 or @entity115 produced higher eradication rates than @entity4546 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity4581 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity868 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 - vs. XXXX -based one-week triple therapies in @entity1534 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity11450 :: ('MESH:C073340', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranitidine bismuth citrate', 'ranitidine bismuth citrate']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['omeprazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospital acquired infections worsen the outcome of @entity1 treated in intensive care units and are costly. Coatings with @entity575 or metal alloys may reduce or alter the formation of biofilm on invasive medical devices. An endotracheal tube (ETT) is used to connect the @entity1 to a ventilator and coated tubes have been tested in relation to bacterial colonization and @entity1729 . In the present study, we aimed to evaluate and compare a coated and uncoated ETT for @entity1 symptoms and local tracheal tolerability during short term clinical use. Degree of bacterial colonization was also described. METHODS: A @entity575 - @entity11720 -gold alloy coating ('Bactiguard  'Infection Protection, @entity1477 ) has been extensively used on urinary tract catheters and lately also on central venous catheters. We performed a randomised, single-blinded, controlled, first in @entity1 , post Conformit   Europ  enne (EC) certification and CE marking study, focused on Bactiguard   coated ETTs ( @entity1477 ETT). Thirty @entity1 at a tertiary university hospital scheduled for upper abdominal elective surgery with an expected duration of anaesthesia of at least 3  h were randomised; @entity1477 ETT (n   =   20) or standard ETT (n   =   10). The tolerability was assessed with a modified version of Quality of Life Head and Neck Module, QLQ-H_N35 and by inspection of the tracheal mucosa with a fibre-optic bronchoscope before intubation and at extubation. Adverse Events (AE) and bacterial adherence were also studied. Statistical evaluations were carried out with the Fisher's Exact Test, the Clopper-Pearson method, as well as a Proportional Odds Model. RESULTS: Differences between groups were identified in 2 of 8 @entity1 related symptoms with regard to tolerability by QLQ-H_N35 (cough, p   =   0.022 and @entity2133 , p   =   0.014 in the treatment group.). No @entity16 was identified with bronchoscopy. A low level of bacterial colonization with normal flora, equal between groups, was seen after short-term of intubation (median 5  h). No serious Adverse Events related to the use of an ETT were observed. The results should be treated with caution due to statistical confounders, a small study size and large inter-individual variability in bacterial adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: The new device @entity1477 ETT is well tolerated and has good clinical performance during short-term intubation. Studies with larger sample sizes and longer intubation periods (>24  h) in the ICU-setting are needed and can now be planned in order to identify possible differences in clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01682486 , Date of Registration: August, 30, 2012.

title: Tolerability and performance of XXXX endotracheal tubes with noble metal alloy coating - a randomized clinical evaluation study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity11720 :: ('MESH:D010165', 'Chemical') :: ['palladium']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

answer: @entity1477 :: (3309,Gene) :: ['BIP']


abstract: The effects of botulinum A neurotoxin and @entity116 toxin were studied in cultured @entity19 spinal cord neurons. In approximately 60% of the neurons (n = 150), botulinum A neurotoxin caused paroxysmal depolarizing events. In two cells hyperpolarizing shifts were observed. The pattern of the burst-like activity varied in shape and frequency in individual cells. Between the paroxysmal events, ongoing synaptic activity could be recorded. The other 40% of the treated neurons did not develop a characteristic pattern of bursts, but there was a decrease in frequency of synaptically generated events. In contrast to botulinum A neurotoxin, @entity116 toxin invariably produced well organized paroxysmal events without any synaptic activity between them. At later stages botulinum A neurotoxin and @entity116 toxin blocked inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials in all neurons studied. These results have demonstrated, for the first time using electrophysiological techniques, that botulinum A @entity616 both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the @entity1 central nervous system. There are however differences between these effects of botulinum A neurotoxin and the actions of @entity116 toxin on these cells. It is suggested that at the femtomolar range @entity116 toxin blocks selectively central inhibitory systems and botulinum A neurotoxin the motor endplate. At the @entity11849 affect many if not all, transmitter systems.

title: Botulinum A neurotoxin inhibits non-cholinergic synaptic transmission in XXXX spinal cord neurons in culture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity11849 :: ('MESH:D065766', 'Disease') :: ['picomolar range both toxins']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxin blocks']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity73 among @entity1 treated during childhood for @entity5 are known to occur after some, but not all, types of anti- @entity5 therapy. This is the first study to evaluate proven fertility among adult male survivors of childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ). In a retrospective cohort study, proven fertility (ever fathered a pregnancy) was evaluated by self-report among 213 @entity1 treated for @entity981 before age 18 on protocols of the @entity1 's @entity5 Group (CCG). Controls (N = 145) were drawn from among male siblings. Overall, with a proportional hazards analysis, proven fertility of male survivors was not different from that of controls (relative fertility (RF) = 0.95, 95% CI 0.63-1.43). However, married @entity1 treated before age 10 with high dose (24 cGy) cranial radiotherapy (RT), without spinal RT, had only 9% of the fertility of controls (Relative risk, RR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.82). High dose cranial RT at older ages was not associated with a statistically significant fertility deficit (RR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.25-1.28). In this first study of proven fertility among @entity1 treated for @entity1778 , the majority of survivors showed no evidence of @entity73 compared to controls. However, @entity1 treated at a young age with high dose cranial RT may have impaired fertility. These results suggest that further investigation of @entity1 with these treatments is needed to confirm and extend these findings.

title: Fertility of long-term male survivors of XXXX diagnosed during childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'men']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Fertility impairments', 'fertility impairment']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['childhood leukemia']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity10759 plays important roles in influencing reproduction. All key members of this axis including growth hormone (GH, gh), GH receptors (ghra and ghrb), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs, @entity22819 , @entity22820 and @entity22821 ) and IGF receptors ( @entity37650 and @entity37651 ) were detected in the @entity3392 ovary. GH was exclusively expressed in the full-grown oocytes, while its receptors were detectable in both the follicle cells and oocytes. The IGFs and their receptors were all expressed in both compartments except @entity22821 , which was expressed in the follicle cells only. During folliculogenesis, there was a sharp decrease of gh expression at follicle activation; however, the expression of its receptors increased significantly. The expression profiles of @entity22819 , @entity22820 , and @entity22822 were similar to that of fshr, whereas @entity22821 expression was close to lhcgr, suggesting differential roles for different forms of IGFs in follicle development. To examine if the ovarian GH-IGF system is regulated by gonadotropins (e.g., hCG) and GH, we performed in vitro experiments using cultured @entity3392 follicle cells. The expression of @entity22819 and @entity37650 , but not others, was down-regulated by hCG (LH analog), whereas recombinant @entity3392 GH stimulated @entity22819 expression. In addition, GH also increased the expression of activin bA subunit (inhbaa). In agreement with this, the stimulatory effect of GH but not @entity22819 on oocyte maturation could be abolished by follistatin. In conclusion, the present study revealed an intrafollicular network involving GH-IGF mini-axis in the @entity3392 ovary; however, it might not work in the same way as that of the systemic @entity10759 .

title: Expression and functional characterization of intrafollicular GH-IGF system in the XXXX ovary.

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['somatotrophic axis']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the acute circulatory effects of an open @entity174 and the circulatory effects of different fluid resuscitation strategies after such a @entity174 . DESIGN: Randomized controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Medical Research Council laboratory, university medical school. SUBJECTS: Four groups of ten immature female Large-White @entity1707 (16.5-27.0 kg): those receiving limited resuscitation, moderate resuscitation, and normal resuscitation, as well as surgical controls. INTERVENTIONS: After induction and intubation with 3% @entity1508 , anesthesia was maintained with intravenous Saffan. Cannulae were placed in the left external jugular vein and both axillary arteries. A pulmonary artery flotation catheter was introduced through the jugular cannula. The left femur was exposed for @entity174 with a captive bolt. Resuscitation was with 0.9% saline; the moderate resuscitation group received less than the normal resuscitation group (840 +/- 67 mL vs. 1873 +/- 96 mL), whereas the surgical control and limited resuscitation groups received the lowest volumes (466 +/- 10 mL and 452 +/- 19 mL, respectively). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Measurements/calculations of global hemodynamics (intravascular pressures, e.g., mean arterial pressure, heart rate, @entity64 volume index, cardiac output/index, left @entity64 work index, and systemic vascular resistance index), metabolism ( @entity26 delivery index and consumption index, @entity26 extraction ratio, plasma @entity880 , @entity7825 ), blood gases, pH, and hematocrit were made before @entity174 , immediately and 30 mins after @entity174 , and at 30-min intervals for the next 4 hrs. Hind-limb muscle water content was determined by dessication. @entity174 led to acute reductions in cardiac output/index, @entity64 volume index, and @entity26 delivery index and increases in systemic vascular resistance index and @entity26 extraction ratio. In the absence of fluid resuscitation, these changes persisted and were accompanied by @entity551 . Normal resuscitation attenuated the @entity174 -induced changes such that the only differences during resuscitation between limited resuscitation and normal resuscitation were a reduction in hematocrit in the latter and an increase in @entity26 extraction ratio in the former. Water content increased in both injured and uninjured muscle. CONCLUSIONS: The cardiovascular and metabolic changes associated with femur @entity174 in the anesthetized @entity1707 can be reversed or prevented by crystalloids given in a volume equivalent to Advanced @entity130 Life Support guidelines.

title: Hemodynamic responses to fluid resuscitation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'Femur fracture']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['blunt trauma']


abstract: Pasture plots in 3 climatic regions were contaminated with worm eggs of Ostertagia ostertagi, @entity8955 , Haemonchus spp and Cooperia spp in the autumn, winter and spring. Successive pairs of parasite-free @entity291 were grazed on the plots for 7 to 10 days at 4-week intervals and then killed for worm counts 14 days after their removal from pasture. On the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales, irrespective of the season of pasture contamination, the degree of inhibition of O. ostertagi was low in winter and highest in spring. @entity8955 showed similar trends while Cooperia spp showed negligible inhibition. On the North Coast of New South Wales, inhibited larvae accounted for a very small proportion of the O. ostertagi burdens, while in comparison @entity8955 showed a much greater degree of inhibition. Larval inhibition of Haemonchus spp occurred in autumn and early winter after which it did not occur. There was negliglible inhibition in Cooperia spp. On the Central Coast of New South Wales, there was little inhibition of O. ostertagi and none in @entity8955 . For Haemonchus spp, inhibited larvae were found mainly in autumn and winter. The numbers of inhibited Cooperia larvae were also highest in autumn and winter and were associated with large worm burdens. The marked difference between the tablelands and coastal regions in the seasonal trends of inhibition of O. ostertagi was considered to be due to a difference in strains between the geographical regions. The possible effect of climatic factors on the inhibition-proneness of infective larvae on pasture is discussed for Ostertagia and other @entity2199 . The roles of host resistance and density-dependence are also discussed.

title: Seasonal changes in the structure of XXXX populations of @entity291 in New South Wales in relation to inhibited larval development.

entities_list: @entity8955 :: ('40349', 'Species') :: ['T. axei', 'Trichostrongylus axei']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify the relative expression of @entity11225 , inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), @entity23944 and beta-glycan genes in placental tissue of term pre-eclamptic @entity1 and controls to investigate if these genes are up-regulated in the placenta in @entity1468 . Seven @entity1 with @entity10094 were matched with 10 normal pregnant controls for gestational age, maternal age, and parity. Total RNA was isolated from each sample. Complementary DNA samples produced by reverse transcription were used in the real time PCR to quantify the expression of @entity23944 subunits, follistatin, ACTRIA, @entity56203 , ACTRIIA, @entity29088 , beta-glycan and @entity7501 genes. The ratio between the target and @entity7501 expression was calculated to provide relative gene expression. @entity11225 : @entity7501 and inhibin/activin beta(A): @entity7501 ratios were significantly higher in placental tissue from @entity1 with @entity1468 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01 respectively) compared with matched control placental gene expression. Placental samples from both groups expressed beta(B), @entity23944 and beta-glycan genes. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of these genes between the groups. Increases in the placental expression of @entity11225 and inhibin/activin beta(A) subunit genes could contribute to the rise in circulating levels of @entity11225 and activin A in @entity1468 . The mechanism(s) involved in increased gene expression in @entity1468 is as yet unclear.

title: Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity23944 :: ('1439', 'Gene') :: ['beta(C), follistatin, activin receptors', 'inhibin alpha subunit, inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), beta(C)']

entities_list: @entity11225 :: ('3623', 'Gene') :: ['Inhibin alpha', 'inhibin alpha', 'inhibin A']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption is characterized by @entity2652 in @entity1 that have been treated with topical steroids for relatively long periods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 1% pimecrolimus topical cream for @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption. METHODS: In an open-label pilot study, 40 @entity1 were enrolled and instructed to apply 1% pimecrolimus cream twice daily for 6 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated by a @entity6509 clinical score, investigator's global assessment, overall erythema severity, and tolerability at weeks 0, 2, and 6. RESULTS: In 35 @entity1 , the @entity6509 clinical score decreased significantly from 16.0+/-4.3 at baseline to 8.1+/-3.3 at week 2 and 4.2+/-2.5 at week 6 (P<0.0001). Investigator's global assessment was 4.1+/-1.1 (baseline), then decreased to 1.4+/-0.8 (week 2) and 0.5+/-0.6 (week 6) (P<0.0001). By week 6, 48.6% of the @entity1 were clear. Overall erythema severity was 2.4+/-0.7 (baseline), 0.9+/-0.4 (week 2), and 0.3+/-0.4 (week 6) (P<0.0001). Cutaneous adverse events (local burning, stinging, and itching) occurred in 17.5%. CONCLUSION: Pimecrolimus cream might be efficacious, safe, and well tolerated for @entity134 -induced @entity6509 -like eruption. The small sample size and open label nature of this study is its limitation. Further double-blind, vehicle-controlled studies are needed.

title: An open-label pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of topically applied pimecrolimus cream for the treatment of XXXX -induced @entity6509 -like eruption.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroid', 'steroid']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial rosacea-like dermatitis']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity1855 and @entity3988 with respect to ventricular response in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity299 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity955 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity1855 and @entity3988 on ventricular function in @entity1 with @entity712 . In vitro @entity3988 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity1855 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity1 with significant @entity1002 given @entity1855 although most @entity1 improve with @entity1855 . There are more data concerning @entity3988 in the setting of @entity955 complicated by @entity712 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity712 , although @entity551 can result. In chronic @entity955 complicated by @entity712 , there is concern that @entity3988 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity713 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity460 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity1 with @entity955 complicated by @entity712 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: XXXX channel blockers for heart rate control in @entity955 complicated by @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node ablation']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity4783 / @entity1510 combination for the treatment of @entity4784 is available in a film or tablet formulation. Recent retrospective studies demonstrated that treatment with the sublingual film formulation is associated with improved treatment retention and lower healthcare costs. In March 2013, generic @entity4783 / @entity1510 tablets were approved in the US. A budget impact model was built to compare healthcare expenditures for different market shares of sublingual film and tablet. METHODS: A Markov model was developed to track a cohort of opioid dependent @entity1 treated with sublingual film or tablet through the following treatment phases: initiation, maintenance, discontinuation, off-treatment and reinitiation. Transition probabilities and costs for each phase were estimated from the MarketScan Medicaid database for the period between 1 March 2010 and 30 June 2012. The total expenditure for the plan and expenditure per plan member per month were predicted over 5 years. Two market share scenarios were considered: 1) sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation) and 2) the sublingual film holds a market share of 100%. RESULTS: Predicted total costs over 5 years were  6400 million when the sublingual film holds a market share of 100% (as per Scenario 2) which is lower than when sublingual film is progressively replaced by generic tablet (current situation as per Scenario 1) by  64 million. These savings were mostly driven by inpatient care ( 56 million saved over 5 years), followed by emergency room care ( 27 million) and pharmaceutical costs ( 24 million). Costs of outpatient care attenuated the difference as they were predicted to be higher by  44 million in Scenario 2. The reduction in total cost per member per month reached  0.027 in the fifth year. Results were most sensitive to price rebates and to the probability of non- @entity146 hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: While using the sublingual film formulation for more @entity1 treated with @entity4783 / @entity1510 is predicted to increase outpatient care costs, it would generate savings in emergency care and hospitalizations. In the treatment of @entity4784 , total direct medical costs for Medicaid would be lower for sublingual film treated @entity1 , at current drug prices.

title: Budgetary impact of the utilization of @entity4783 / XXXX sublingual film and tablet for Medicaid in the United States.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4784 :: ('MESH:D009293', 'Disease') :: ['opioid dependence']

entities_list: @entity4783 :: ('MESH:D002047', 'Chemical') :: ['buprenorphine']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity339 ( @entity339 ) is a common disorder for which mitral valve surgery is an established therapy. Although surgical indications are clearly defined for the management of @entity340 , a gap exists between current guidelines and their effective application. The study aim was to provide an insight into the diagnostic information provided for cardiac surgeons before performing mitral valve surgery. METHODS: The source documents and echocardiographic studies of 100 @entity1 , referred by nine hospitals, were screened for arguments for @entity339 severity justifying referral for surgery. Details of the documented @entity339 mechanism, mitral annulus (MA) size, @entity997 ( @entity997 ) severity and annulus size were also noted. RESULTS: According to the referring physician, @entity339 was severe in 83% and moderate-to-severe in 17%. In the great majority of @entity1 (98%) the @entity339 mechanism was mentioned, although specific information on the prolapsing scallops was available in only 17% of cases. The recommended primary determinants of @entity339 severity, vena contracta and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) were measured in only 22% and 31% of @entity1 , respectively. In 94% of @entity1 with available PISA information this was described only qualitatively. Correct image expansion using the zoom mode was performed in only 25% of these @entity1 , and a correct adaptation of the Nyquist limit in only 6%. Tricuspid annulus measurements guiding the need for concomitant tricuspid valvuloplasty in @entity1 with less than severe @entity997 were reported in only 6% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate a clear and important gap between current guidelines and real-world practice with regards to the echocardiographic diagnostic information provided to the surgeon before performing mitral valve surgery.

title: Real-world echocardiography in XXXX referred for mitral valve surgery: the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular heart disease']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['TR', 'tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['Mitral regurgitation', 'MR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity4034 were treated with surgical debridement and local antibiotic therapy. @entity4509 (19 @entity1 ) or @entity5153 (2 @entity1 ) was delivered locally via a pump implanted subcutaneously. The outflow catheters were led from the pump subcutaneously to the infected area and placed in the defect created by the surgical debridement. The pump was refilled at intervals, on an outpatient basis. The pump was surgically removed at the conclusion of therapy. Follow-up evaluation was for 12-27 months. The duration of hospitalization was five to 52 days (mean, 23 days). The infusions were sustained for 32-140 days (mean, 63 days). Systemic levels of antibiotics were always below acceptable trough levels. Levels in the wound drainage of the 11 @entity1 who drained after operation were always greater than the upper limit of the assay. Nephrotoxicity and @entity2167 were determined using pre- and posttherapy @entity1011 clearances and audiograms. Two @entity1 exhibited minimal nephrotoxicity ( @entity1011 clearance of 66 ml/minute and 55 ml/minute; normal, 70 ml/minute). There were no other adverse effects of the antibiotics. Sixteen @entity1 have not drained since removal of the pumps.

title: Local delivery of antibiotics via an implantable pump in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['ototoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity4509 :: ('MESH:D000583', 'Chemical') :: ['Amikacin']

entities_list: @entity5153 :: ('MESH:D009428', 'Chemical') :: ['netilmicin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of traditional counseling and @entity1 -centered counseling, either alone or with recorded audio counseling reinforcement, on @entity726 knowledge and clinical follow-up. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Newly diagnosed @entity726 @entity1 were randomized to 1 of 3 categories of @entity726 counseling: traditional counseling, @entity1 -centered counseling, or @entity1 -centered counseling with audio counseling reinforcement. Demographic and clinical information from each subject was ascertained, and all subjects completed the @entity726 Knowledge Assessment before and after counseling sessions at the time of diagnosis and at 1-month follow-up. @entity1 were instructed to return to clinic for routine follow-up at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12  months after enrollment. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to determine factors associated with appropriate clinical follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, only 13.5% of subjects had appropriate clinical follow-up at 1 year, defined as attending at least 3 follow-up visits during that interval, and there was no significant difference between counseling groups. The mean @entity726 knowledge assessment score (GKAS) improved by 77.6% with the initial counseling intervention (P < .0001), decreased by 17.4% within a 1-month period following initial counseling, and improved by 22.8% (P < .001) after the second counseling intervention. Monthly household income over 2500 rupees, GKAS greater than 5 after initial counseling, and undergoing any ocular surgical procedure were all independent predictors of appropriate follow-up. CONCLUSION: While all 3 counseling methods resulted in transient improvement of @entity1 knowledge regarding @entity66 , follow-up rates were poor for all groups. Poor retention of @entity726 knowledge may impact the likelihood of @entity1 follow-up, and reinforcement with repeated counseling may be beneficial with regard to both disease knowledge and follow-up.

title: Effectiveness of @entity726 Counseling on Rates of Follow-up and XXXX Knowledge in  a  South Indian Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['adult glaucoma', 'Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glaucomatous disease']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: The anterior pituitary is active mitotically and apoptotically under basal conditions and in response to a variety of physiological and pathophysiological stimuli. @entity1375 in @entity1 is associated with a modest but very occasionally dramatic increase in overall pituitary size. The mechanisms underlying this reversible phenomenon remain obscure. In the present study we have examined young adult @entity35 anterior pituitary following surgical thyroidectomy and subsequent @entity6145 treatment and withdrawal using an extremely accurate system for quantifying directly identified mitotic and apoptotic events. Despite the expected increase in the number and/or proportion of immunohistochemically identifiable thyrotrophs three weeks after thyroidectomy, mitotic and apoptotic activity remained unchanged, as did pituitary wet weight, in comparison with sham-operated and intact controls. In contrast, mitotic but not apoptotic activity was enhanced by treatment of thyroidectomized animals with @entity8789 ( @entity1954 (T3) and @entity1955 (T4) 1.8 microg and 3.6 microg/100 g body weight per day respectively), and once again declined to levels seen in intact animals within 72 h of subsequent @entity6145 withdrawal. @entity6145 -induced enhancement of mitotic activity was also seen in intact @entity35 treated with similar doses of thyroid hormones for 7 days and in thyroidectomized @entity35 treated for a similar period with very low dose @entity6145 replacement at a level that had no effect on raised hypothalamic @entity1218 - or pituitary TSHbeta-transcript prevalence (0.018 microg T3 plus 0.036 microg T4/100 g body weight per day). Thus changes in mitotic and apoptotic activity are unlikely to be the principle mechanism for the apparent increase in thyrotrophs up to 4 weeks after thyroidectomy. In contrast, the data indicate that thyroid hormones have a permissive effect on anterior pituitary mitotic activity in thyroidectomized male @entity35 . @entity6145 -induced enhancement of mitotic activity in intact @entity35 further suggests that in euthyroid @entity35 , ambient @entity6145 levels are a limiting factor for anterior pituitary mitotic activity. In summary, this time course study of young, male @entity35 has shown for the first time that thyroidectomy, @entity6145 replacement and subsequent withdrawal has no significant effect on anterior pituitary apoptotic activity. Secondly, it has shown that the anterior pituitary mitotic response to thyroidectomy is blocked by complete @entity6145 deprivation, but can be restored by very low level @entity6145 replacement, and thirdly that in intact animals @entity6145 levels significantly limit anterior pituitary mitotic activity.

title: Permissive effects of thyroid hormones on XXXX anterior pituitary mitotic activity.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity8789 :: ('MESH:D013963', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroid hormones']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity6145 :: ('CHEBI:60311', 'Chemical') :: ['Thyroid hormone', 'thyroid hormone']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Myocardial perfusion imaging with @entity71263 has been found to be effective in the clinical evaluation of @entity1 with @entity583 . However, conventional myocardial perfusion imaging of the myocardium showing the postero-septal and antero-lateral wall cannot be obtained clearly by the conventional collimator due to the inevitable distance between the collimator and the heart. In contrast, 30, 60-degree @entity71264 images were obtained clearly using slant-hole collimator with the collimator closely contact with the heart, which enables us to observe the postero-septal and antero-lateral walls of the myocardium. As a result, we obtained myocardial perfusion images every 30-degrees in a radial direction. By dividing @entity71264 images into 12 segments, we compared perfusion defect in the myocardial scintigram with akinesis detected by echocardiography and contrast left ventriculography segmentally and referred to the character and accuracy of these three examinations. As a result, these three methods well agreed in cases with @entity583 of @entity66 , but did not always agree in cases with @entity66 . The character of each method was as follows: 1) Left ventriculography, which gives direct information concerning wall motion of the left ventricle, was most sensitive to detect @entity2806 , but had a tendency to overestimate hypokinesis of wall motion due to its invasive nature. 2) In @entity296 , when hypoperfusion is associated with perfusion defect, we occasionally diagnose mistakenly the hypoperfusion area as normal because the scintigraphic evaluation is based on the relative distribution of perfusion. To avoid such underestimation, exercise @entity296 should be performed and @entity741 should be evaluated by comparing exercise images with redistribution images. Moreover, we studied extension of perfusion defect in the anterior and infero-posterior @entity1188 groups. In anterior @entity583 , perfusion defect extended beyond the apex and reached the point one-third away from the apex to the base. In @entity583 , perfusion defect extended into the apex but did not exceed the apex. It seemed that the most suitable point to make the boundary between apical and infero-posterior areas was the point one-third away from the apex to the base along the inferior half of the @entity71264 image of the myocardium.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX by ( @entity71264 ) long-axial myocardial imaging using slant-hole collimator].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial scintigraphy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple vessel disease', 'single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity71263 :: ('MESH:C027549', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'infero-posterior myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of hospitalization in @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity24818 ), as well as the effect of hospice utilization on the cost patterns of @entity24818 . Over the past decade, dramatic changes in the management of advanced @entity263 have proceeded alongside changes in end-of-life care. But, the impact of these contemporary advances in management of @entity24818 and its implications on US health care expenditure remains unknown. METHODS: @entity1 hospitalized with @entity24818 from 1998 to 2010 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (n  = 100,220). Temporal trends in incidence and charges were assessed by linear regression. Complex samples logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality, elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile and hospice utilization. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2010, admissions for @entity24818 decreased at a rate of  -5.95% per year (P  <.001), whereas per-incident charges increased at the rate of 6.1% (P  <.001) annually; the national economic burden of care was stable. Over the study period, hospice use increased 488.0% per year (P  <.001) but was significantly lower among black (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; P  = .01) and Hispanic (OR, 0.65; P  = .03) @entity1 . In multivariable analyses, hospice utilization was associated with decreased odds of elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile (OR, 0.84; P  = .02). CONCLUSION: Despite a decline in hospitalizations for @entity24818 , the economic burden of care has remained stable. Increasing use of hospice services has moderated the effect of rising per-incident hospital charges, highlighting the importance of promoting access to hospice in the right clinical setting. These findings have important policy implications, particularly as advances in treatment are expected to further increase expenditures related to the inpatient management of @entity24818 .

title: Burden of hospital admissions and utilization of hospice care in @entity263 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Sclerosing @entity1373 occurs in various locations in the breast. In the nipple, the process produces a distinct clinicopathological entity referred to as @entity652 or @entity30559 ( @entity30559 ). @entity1897 have been termed radial scar and nonencapsulated sclerosing lesions. This report describes 12 @entity1 who presented with sclerosing @entity1373 in the subareolar portion of the breast. The term @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) is proposed for this condition. The average age of the @entity1 was 46 years (26-73 years). None of the lesions, which averaged 1.2 cm (0.6 to 2.0 cm), involved the nipple. All were beneath the nipple and/or areola or in the breast close to the areola. Three @entity1 had bloody nipple discharge but none had nipple erosion or other signs suggestive of @entity4261 . Five @entity1 were well 9 months to 3 years, 9 months (average, 2 years, 7 months) after excisional biopsy. Two other @entity1 had persistent @entity1373 reexcised 2 years, 6 months and 2 years, 10 months, respectively, after diagnosis. Both were well 1 year later. There is no follow up in two @entity1 treated by excision. Three @entity1 are well after treatment by mastectomy. In one of those @entity1 , @entity3821 was found arising in @entity1373 . The clinical presentation of @entity1373 differs sufficiently from other proliferative duct lesions to warrant considering it a distinct disease process. It does not appear to be associated with a particular proclivity to evolve into @entity189 and short-term follow-up suggests that excisional biopsy is probably adequate therapy.

title: Subareolar XXXX of the breast.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['SSDH', 'papillary duct hyperplasia', 'subareolar sclerosing duct hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['Peripheral lesions']

entities_list: @entity30559 :: ('MESH:C537167', 'Disease') :: ['florid papillomatosis', 'FP']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['nipple adenoma']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['sclerosing duct hyperplasia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The morphologic spectrum of @entity1498 extends from discrete @entity6554 of the entire aortic arch. Neonates with @entity1498 frequently present with @entity712 and critically reduced perfusion of the descending aorta following ductal closure. During the recent years we observed several @entity1 with @entity1498 who presented beyond the neonatal period with @entity384 ( @entity384 ). We reviewed our @entity1 with @entity1498 to determine whether this presentation represents an exception or is relevant for the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity384 . Materials and Methods: From 1/2001 to 12/2013 74 babies with @entity1498 were diagnosed in our institution. 50 @entity1 presented in the neonatal period and 24 @entity1 beyond the first month. Results: 5/74 @entity1 presented after the neonatal period with poorly contractile, dilated left ventricles. Echocardiographic detection of the @entity1498 was facilitated by application of the ductal view and by Doppler interrogation of the celiac artery revealing a significantly diminished systolic flow velocity. All @entity1 underwent resection of the @entity1498 and end-to-end anastomosis of  the aorta. Postoperative normalization of left ventricular function was observed within a median interval of 2 months. Conclusion: Coarctation of the aorta presenting as @entity384 accounted for 21% of our @entity1 with @entity1498 who presented beyond the neonatal period and 7% of those in the first year of life. The stenosis was difficult to detect because of its distal location and normal configuration of the aortic arch. @entity1498 should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity384 and requires careful examination of the isthmic region in these @entity1 .

title: Pitfalls in Echocardiography: Coarctation of the Aorta Presenting as XXXX ( @entity384 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'isolated coarctation', 'coarctation', 'Isthmic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity6554 :: ('MESH:D015499', 'Disease') :: ['isthmic obstruction to tubular hypoplasia']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['Dilated Cardiomyopathy']


abstract: AIM: To report the use of laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (LIPHC) in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: From September 2001 to December 2003, 14 @entity1 between the age of 56 and 78years were treated. Ascites was from @entity356 (5 cases), @entity14 (3 cases), @entity43 (3 cases), @entity0 (2 cases) and peritoneal mesothelioma (1 case). The LIPHC was carried out at 42 degrees C for 90 min with 1.5% @entity413 solution as a carrier. Chemotherapy was @entity900 and @entity632 or @entity1138 depending on the type of @entity5 . The drains were left in situ after surgery and removed when perfuse drainage ceased. RESULTS: Ascites was controlled in all the treated cases. A CT scan performed in follow-up showed a small, clinically undetectable, fluid accumulation in the pelvis of one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This method resulted in benefit for those peritoneal @entity189 @entity1 with debilitating @entity5 who were excluded from cytoreductive surgery. Proficiency in laparoscopic staging procedures and experience in the management of @entity189 and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) are required for the success of the procedure.

title: Laparoscopic intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for palliation of debilitating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant ascites', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant ascites']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In-stent @entity75 have been problematic for many @entity1 with the need for multiple repeat percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The need for repeat PCI has been significantly reduced in @entity1 since the advent of vascular brachytherapy. In-stent restenosis resulting in bifurcation presents even more of a challenge. The use of radiation therapy for the treatment of this kind of lesion has not yet been reported. The purpose of this paper is to present five cases of radiation therapy in bifurcation in-stent @entity75 using the intraluminal beta radiation catheter delivery system (Beta-Cath System, Novoste Corporation, Norcross, Georgia). METHODS: We reviewed the database of @entity1 enrolled in our Compassionate Use Registry between August 1999 and April 2002. The data is reported for 5 @entity1 who received radiation in both branches of bifurcation lesions with the Beta-Cath catheter system. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the vessels was 3.1 mm 0.5 mm. The dose administered was from 18.3 to 23 Gy, with an overlap of 3.3 to 10.3 mm; the hinge angle between the branches went from 43.3 to 65.4 . Angiographic follow-up was obtained at 6 months in 4 @entity1 , with a single @entity1 showing a focal (< 5 mm) edge lesion treated by balloon angioplasty (TVR no TLR). No @entity439 or zones of @entity4122 were noted. CONCLUSION: Beta radiation with the Beta-Cath catheter system appears to be safe, secure and clinically useful in in-stent restenotic bifurcation lesions.

title: Treatment of bifurcation in-stent XXXX with beta radiation using strontium 90 and sequential positioning pullback technique: procedural details and clinical outcomes.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['restenotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['restenotic lesions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcome of @entity29565 for treatment of the painful @entity29565 in adults. METHODS: From June 2006 to June 2012, a total of 38 feet (in 35 adult @entity1 ) with painful @entity29565 underwent an fusion operation of the primary and accessory navicular bones,including 26 males and 9 females with a mean age of (32.4  7.3) years old ranging from 18 to 44 years old. The course of disease ranged from 3 to 10 months. The perioperative complications and radiological outcomes were observed and recorded. The foot function before and after operation were assessed by the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) midfoot score, and the easement of the @entity158 was evaluated by visual analog score (VAS). RESULTS: Two @entity1 had transient superficial @entity32 of the incision, no obvious perioperative complications occurred. All @entity1 were follow-up for (53.5  14.7) months (12 to 84 months). Bone union was confirmed on plain radiography in 32 cases (35 feet). The mean time from the operation to union was (13.7  2.3) weeks (9 to 18 weeks). @entity282 VAS score was improved obviosly than preoperative (V=12.14,P< 0.01). The talar-to-first metatarsal angle [(9.4  3.5)   vs (8.3  2.7)  , t=0.736, P>0.05)], calcaneal tilt angle [(17.7  2.2)   vs (18.9  3.4)  , t=0.794, P>0.05],talonavicular uncoverage angle [(14.3  3.4)   vs(12.5?4.6)  ,t=0.947, P>0.05) ],and height of the first tarsometatarsal joint [(14.8  3.1) mm vs (15.9  2.8) mm,t=0.814,P>0.05)] before and after operations had no statistic difference. The AOFAS midfoot score was improced from preoperative 45.6  5.3 to postoperative 82.5  7.4 (t=3.214,P< 0.01). CONCLUSION: For the painful @entity29565 in adults, if the @entity1 has a large navicular bone and not complicated with @entity2003 , once the conservative treatment fails, fusion of the primary and accessory naviculars may be a successful intervention. Overall, the procedure provides reliable @entity158 relief, definite foot function improvement, and good @entity1 satisfaction.

title: [Outcome of XXXX for the treatment of the painful @entity29565 in adults].

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid flatfoot']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity29565 :: ('MESH:C536002', 'Disease') :: ['accessory navicular with type I', 'accessory navicular bone of type II', 'accessory navicular fusion']

answer: @entity29565 :: (MESH:C536002,Disease) :: ['accessory navicular fusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether there were racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity263 and investigated whether demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, or @entity5 characteristics could explain any racial differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based @entity5 registries in Connecticut, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. @entity1 : We evaluated 1144 African-American and non-Hispanic white @entity1 , aged 50 to 74 years, with clinically localized @entity5 diagnosed between October 1994 and October 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data from @entity1 surveys and medical record abstractions. We reported adjusted percentages for receiving treatment derived from multinomial logistic regression. We found an interaction between race and @entity146 . Among @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity7735 > or = 20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or = 8), African Americans were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than non-Hispanic whites (35.2% vs 52.0%), but more likely to receive conservative management (38.9% vs 16.3%, P=.003). Among the 71% of subjects with @entity5 , African Americans and non-Hispanic whites were equally likely to receive either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (80.0% vs 84.5%, P=.2). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans with @entity5 were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy and more likely to be treated conservatively. These treatment differences may reflect African Americans' greater likelihood for presenting with pathologically advanced @entity5 for which surgery has limited effectiveness. Among @entity1 with @entity5 -the majority of cases-there were no racial differences in undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

title: Racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity263 . Results from the XXXX outcomes study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['tumor aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['less aggressive cancers', 'tumor', 'more aggressive cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity308 has detrimental effects on broad areas of functioning. However, its association with career decision-making factors has been largely unexplored. In the present study, we focused on the association between career decision-making difficulties, career-decision status, and career-preference crystallization, on the one hand, and @entity308 , on the other. The hypothesis that high levels of career decision-making difficulties, less advanced decision status, and low levels of preference crystallization are associated with higher levels of @entity308 was tested with a sample of 222 college seniors. In addition, since it has been found that work-related stressors are more often associated with @entity308 among @entity1 than @entity1 , it was hypothesized that the associations between vocational factors and @entity308 would be stronger for @entity1 than for @entity1 . The @entity1 filled out online self-report questionnaires assessing @entity308 , emotional and personality-related career decision-making difficulties, career-decision status, and career preferences. The results indicated that self-concept and identity-related career decision-making difficulties were associated with @entity308 for both @entity1 and @entity1 . In addition, for @entity1 , but not for @entity1 , less crystallization of career preferences also predicted higher levels of @entity308 . These results show how important it is for counseling psychologists to understand the role of the individual's vocational situation in @entity308 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Gender differences in the association of XXXX with career indecisiveness, career-decision status, and career-preference crystallization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) are the perceptions that @entity1 have about their overall worth and capability. @entity12740 may be a useful global indicator of adaptation to disability and subjective well-being. The Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) is the most common direct measure of @entity12740 , but its use with @entity1 with disabilities has not been validated. This study aims to evaluate the factorial and concurrent validity of the CSES in @entity1 with @entity1566 . METHOD: Two hundred forty-seven individuals with @entity1566 completed an online survey consisting of the CSES, measures of the four @entity12740 traits, and selected psychosocial variables. RESULTS: Confirmatory factor analysis results provide support for the one-factor measurement structure of the CSES. When correlated with selected psychosocial variables, the CSES was found to perform in a similar fashion to an indirect measure of @entity12740 constructed from measures of the individual @entity12740 traits. CONCLUSIONS: The CSES demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties, and its use as a brief, cost-effective measure of @entity12740 in rehabilitation research and practice is supported. Implications for Rehabilitation @entity12740 ( @entity12740 ) are the perceptions that @entity1 have about their overall worth and capability, and the construct has promise as a global indicator of adaptation to disability and subjective well-being in rehabilitation research and practice. The Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) is a brief, valuable and cost-effective instrument that can be easily used in both rehabilitation research and practice and has the potential to reduce burden associated with client/ @entity1 assessment. This study provided evidence of the factorial and concurrent validity of the CSES in @entity1 with @entity1566 , and supports its use in rehabilitation settings.

title: Psychometric validation of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale in XXXX with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity12740 :: ('MESH:D020512', 'Disease') :: ['Core self-evaluations', 'CSE']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: Evidence suggests that @entity528 may ultimately be the result of excessive intracellular @entity460 accumulation. In principle, abnormal @entity460 concentrations during @entity63 are derived from three main sources: exaggerated influx via (a) voltage-operated channels, (b) receptor-controlled channels (f. ex. @entity143 ) and (c) the release of intracellular @entity460 ion stores. Previous studies using either @entity460 channel blockers or @entity143 antagonists have demonstrated only limited protective effects of these agents in global transient @entity2806 , whereas little or no attention has been paid to the @entity460 sources listed under (c). @entity592 has been shown to block the increase in free intracellular @entity460 ion stimulated by either @entity143 or @entity2227 . Thus we postulated that @entity592 might improve neuronal survival in vulnerable regions to @entity63 such as the @entity1249 hippocampus. Male @entity35 (300 approximately 400 g) were prepared for a four-vessel occlusion model of @entity2806 . @entity2806 was induced by snaring the carotid arteries for 15 mins and maintaining mean arterial pressure at 80 mmHg. Strict attention was paid to keep normal blood gas values. Following @entity63 @entity1508 anesthesia was discontinued, and @entity35 were extubated and when stable transferred to cages with free access to water and food. @entity35 survived for 7 days under close supervision, after which they were anesthetized with @entity4485 and perfused transcardially with 4% @entity1604 / @entity10457 buffer. The brain was removed and placed in fresh fixatives for another 7 days, after which 40 microns sections were cut and @entity575 -stained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of @entity592 on histological and behavioral outcome in @entity35 @entity1249 hippocampus after global transient XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['Complete cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1604 :: ('MESH:C003043', 'Chemical') :: ['paraformaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity592 :: ('MESH:D003620', 'Chemical') :: ['dantrolene', 'Dantrolene']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic neuronal necrosis']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the incidence of and mortality from @entity583 ( @entity583 ) have declined in most industrialized countries, incidence studies of @entity64 have shown less consistent trends. This study examines time trends in the incidence of @entity64 and case fatality rates in relation to socioeconomic circumstances and history of @entity583 . METHODS: @entity64 incidence in the city of Malm  , Sweden (250,000 citizens), has been continuously monitored since 1989. All @entity1 50 to 79 years of age who experienced a first-ever @entity64 between 1989 and 1998 were included. RESULTS: We included 3621 @entity1 (1969 @entity1 , 1652 @entity1 ). The age-standardized incidence was 647 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 and 400 per 100,000 @entity1 -years for @entity1 . The annual increase-3.1% in @entity1 (P<0.05) and 2.9% in @entity1 (P<0.05)-was more pronounced in the younger age groups and was lowest in areas with poor socioeconomic circumstances. We found that 13% of the @entity1 and 6% of the @entity1 had a history of @entity583 ; this proportion was stable over the study period. The average case fatality rates in 1989 to 1998 were 10% for @entity1 and 9.3% for @entity1 . Rates remained stable for @entity1 but declined significantly in @entity1 (odds ratio per year, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: In this urban population, @entity64 incidence increased between 1989 and 1998. The rate of increase tended to be lower in residential areas with least favorable socioeconomic circumstances. The proportion with a history of @entity583 remained unchanged during the study period. There has been significant improvement in the case fatality rate in @entity1 but not in @entity1 .

title: Increasing @entity64 incidence and decreasing case fatality, 1989-1998: a study from the XXXX register in Malm  , Sweden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2390 inhibits @entity1085 and prolongs intestinal transit. This leads to increases in the proportion of @entity6743 in, and @entity165 saturation of, gall bladder bile, factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity2390 induced @entity5990 . AIMS: To see if an intestinal prokinetic, @entity4392 , could overcome these adverse effects of @entity2390 and if so, be considered as a candidate prophylactic drug for preventing @entity1085 . METHODS: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover design was used to examine the effects of @entity4392 (10 mg four times daily) on @entity1085 , mouth to caecum and large bowel transit times, and the proportions of @entity6743 and other @entity3645 , in fasting serum from: (i) control subjects (n=6), (ii) acromegalic @entity1 not treated with @entity2390 (n=6), (iii) acromegalics on long term @entity2390 (n=8), and (iv) @entity1 with @entity1142 (n=8). RESULTS: @entity4392 had no prokinetic effect on the gall bladder. In fact, it significantly increased both fasting and postprandial gall bladder volumes. However, it @entity2133 to caecum (from 176 (13) to 113 (11) minutes; p<0.001) and large bowel (from 50 (3.0) to 31 (3.4) h; p<0.001) transit times. It also reduced the proportion of @entity6743 in serum from 26 (2.3) to 15 (1.8)% (p<0.001), with a reciprocal increase in the proportion of @entity6742 from 40 (3.5) to 51 (3.8)% (p<0.01). There were significant linear relationships between large bowel transit time and the proportions of @entity6743 (r=0.81; p<0.001) and @entity6742 (r=-0.53; p<0.001) in fasting serum. INTERPRETATION/SUMMARY: @entity4392 failed to overcome the adverse effects of @entity2390 on @entity1085 but it countered @entity2390 induced prolongation of small and large bowel transit. Therefore, if changes in intestinal transit contribute to the development of @entity2390 induced @entity1085 , enterokinetics such as @entity4392 may prevent their formation.

title: Effects of @entity4392 on XXXX , intestinal transit, and serum deoxycholate: a prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisapride', 'cisapride']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['gall bladder emptying', 'iatrogenic gall bladder stones', 'gall bladder stones']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['shortened mouth']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones']

entities_list: @entity6742 :: ('MESH:D019826', 'Chemical') :: ['cholic acid']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Octreotide']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acids']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gall bladder emptying']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1152 ( @entity1152 ) repair was first performed in 1999, but still the technique is treated as one of the most complex pediatric surgical procedures. AIM: The study presents a single-center experience and learning curve of thoracoscopic repair of @entity1152 and @entity1727 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 10 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1152 and @entity1727 were treated thoracoscopically in our center. There were 8 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 . Mean gestational age was 36.5 weeks and mean weight was 2230 g. Four @entity1 had associated anomalies. The surgery was performed after stabilization of the @entity1 between the first and fourth day after birth. Five @entity1 required intubation before surgery for respiratory distress. Bronchoscopy was not performed before the operation. RESULTS: In 8 @entity1 , the endoscopic approach was successfully used thoracoscopically, while in 2 @entity1 conversion to an open thoracotomy was necessary. In all @entity1 except 1, the @entity254 was patent, with no evidence of leak. One @entity1 demonstrated a leak, which did not resolve spontaneously, necessitating surgical repair. In long-term follow-up, 1 @entity1 required esophageal dilatation of the @entity254 . All @entity1 are on full oral feeding. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopic approach is the method of choice for the treatment of @entity1152 in our center because of excellent visualization and precise atraumatic preparation even in neonates below a weight of 2000 g.

title: Thoracoscopic repair of XXXX with a distal fistula - lessons from the first 10 operations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1727 :: ('MESH:D004937', 'Disease') :: ['tracheo-esophageal (distal) fistula', 'tracheo-esophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia', 'EA', 'Thoracoscopic esophageal atresia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']


abstract: The morphologic features of 307 @entity2513 among 159 @entity1 are reviewed. Most @entity652 (66.4%) were located in the sigmoid colon and the rectum, and the percentage decreased proximally to the right colon. The 307 @entity652 comprised 244 (79.5%) tubular, 41 (13.3%) tubulovillous, and 22 (7.2%) @entity5493 . The @entity5115 was graded as mild in 260 (84.7%) @entity652 , moderate in 33 (10.7%), and severe in 14 (4.6%). The percentage of severe @entity1141 was greater in @entity5493 than in tubular @entity652 (p less than 0.05) and correlated with the increasing size (greater than 5 mm) of the @entity652 (p less than 0.01). The risk of @entity652 could be evaluated among 56 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 with a history of removed @entity652 (s). Fourteen of 56 @entity1 (25%) with 6:1 male to female ratio developed 18 new @entity652 , after an average of 34.3 months (range, from 12 to 88 months). Eleven of the 14 @entity1 had multiple @entity652 at the initial examination. In addition, a @entity188 was found in one male @entity1 . Of the 48 @entity1 , 17 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 , operated on for @entity14 16 @entity1 (34%) with 1.3:1 male to female ratio had 40 new @entity652 after an average of 51.8 months (range, 12 to 252 months) after the surgical excision of their @entity189 . One @entity1 had a recurrent @entity189 at the site of the @entity254 22 months after anterior resection of his @entity189 . Our data suggest that a history of @entity14 , multiple @entity652 , and male sex predict a higher risk of having future @entity14 .

title: @entity2513 : morphologic features and the risk of developing XXXX and @entity189 in the colorectum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5493 :: ('MESH:D018253', 'Disease') :: ['villous adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity188 :: ('MESH:D012004', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the rectum']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumours', 'colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['metachronous adenomas', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['metachronous adenomas']


abstract: The object of this report is to review the clinical outcomes of aortic valve-sparing operations in @entity1 with @entity449 . From May 1988 to June 2000, 120 @entity1 with @entity449 with or without @entity337 underwent aortic valve-sparing operations. There were 83 @entity1 and 37 @entity1 whose mean age was 46 years (range 16 to 72 years). Forty-eight @entity1 had the @entity1614 , and 22 had either @entity4432 . Reconstruction of the aortic root was performed using the technique of reimplanation of the aortic valve in 64 @entity1 and the remodeling of the aortic root in 56. The mean follow-up was 35 months (range 2 to 145 months), and it was complete. Aortic valve function was assessed by echocardiography. There were 2 operative and 5 late deaths. The 10-year survival for @entity1 with @entity449 was 88% +/- 4%. Two @entity1 have required aortic root replacement: one on the first postoperative day because of severe @entity337 and one paraplegic @entity1 12 years after surgery because of @entity884 with @entity2333 . Both @entity1 survived reoperation. The 10-year freedom from aortic root reoperation was 99% +/- 1%. Three @entity1 suffered transient @entity63 attacks. The 10-year freedom from @entity1031 events was 89% +/- 5%. Seven @entity1 had moderate @entity337 at the latest echocardiographic study. The 10-year freedom from severe or moderate @entity337 was 83% +/- 8%. Aortic valve-sparing operations have provided excellent clinical outcomes and few @entity340 . The function of the reconstructed aortic root remains unchanged in most @entity1 during the first decade of follow-up.

title: Aortic valve-sparing operations for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic type A aortic dissections']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic root abscess']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valve-related complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic root aneurysm']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Although several authors have studied the association between @entity4616 ( @entity4616 ) and @entity64 , the matter is still controversial; few have suggested an association between cryptogenetic @entity64 and @entity4616 , while others have denied this association. The aim of this study was to evaluate @entity4616 prevalence in the whole @entity64 population, independently from age and @entity64 subtypes and to identify the characteristics associated with the presence of @entity4616 . Methods: SISIFO study was a multicenter, prospective, single-wave, cross-sectional survey conducted on consecutive @entity1 with acute @entity385 admitted to selected clinical centres. Data regarding vascular risk factors were registered for each @entity1 ; all @entity1 underwent computed tomography scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the brain; an electrocardiogram and standard laboratory blood tests were performed. A Doppler ultrasound study of extra-cranial arteries was performed too. The cases were classified according to TOAST and OCSP criteria. Each @entity1 underwent transcranial Doppler or transcranial color-coded duplex sonography with bubble test as diagnostic tool for right-to-left-shunt. Where right-to-left shunt was detected, @entity4616 presence was confirmed by echocardiography. Findings: 1,130 consecutive @entity1 were included. We found a @entity4616 in 247 (21.9%; 95% CI, 19.5-24.3%) @entity1 ; @entity4616 was present in 23.5% of @entity1 with cryptogenic @entity64 and in 21.3% of @entity1 with @entity64 of known causes; this difference was not statistically significant. At the univariate analysis, decreasing age, @entity101 , @entity6 , and @entity955 , and @entity64 characteristics such as NIHSS, OCSP and TOAST were predictors of @entity4616 presence. At the multivariate analysis, we found a significant interaction between age and OCSP syndrome. Being LACI the reference category, the prevalence of @entity4616 in PACI and POCI decreased significantly along with age, whereas there was no change in @entity24603 . Conclusion: If any relationship exists between @entity64 and @entity4616 , this is more likely in PACI and POCI at a younger age. Our results are consistent with recent findings that underline @entity4616 alone must not be considered a significant independent predictor for @entity64 ; so the presence of @entity4616 alone doesn't permit rushed causal correlations or 'therapeutic @entity146 '.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Prevalence of Patent Foramen Ovale in XXXX in Italy: Results of SISIFO Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity4616 :: ('MESH:D054092', 'Disease') :: ['patent foramen ovale', 'PFO']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Ischaemic Stroke']


abstract: @entity5 continues to be a major public health problem in India in the absence of wide spread organised cervical screening programs. Visual inspection of the cervix with @entity1543 (VIA) is an effective, inexpensive screening test that can be combined with simple treatment procedures for early @entity75 , provided by trained health workers. We report 7 years experience in early detection of cervical @entity5 using the VIA test in a community-based program in rural Andhra Pradesh, India where there are no existing organised cervical screening programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 aged between 26 and 60 were opportunistically screened by trained health wor kers using the VIA test. @entity1 who tested positive were further evaluated and those with @entity75 were treated either by cryotherapy in the screening clinic or referred to a higher center. RESULTS: A total of 18,869 @entity1 were screened by a single round of VIA testing with a positive rate of 10.75%. Biopsy proven high-grade squamous intraepithelials (HSILs) were 90 (0.48%) and low-grade squamous intraepithelials (LSILs) were 43 (0.28%). The overall prevalence of @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) 2+ lesion rate is 1.05%. A total of 312 (1.65%) cryotherapies were done and 49 @entity1 underwent hysterectomy. CONCLUSIONS: VIA by trained female health workers is a safe, acceptable, and effective test that can save lives from cervical @entity5 even in remote areas with few resources. These results have important implications for efficient service delivery in cervical screening programs in low-resourced settings.

title: Visual Inspection with XXXX (VIA) Screening Program: 7 Years Experience in Early Detection of Cervical @entity5 in Rural South India.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer and pre-cancers', 'cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['Acetic Acid']