abstract: A method of quantifying the risk of complication following penetrating @entity1661 is described. A @entity130 index score was calculated by assigning a risk factor (1-5) to each organ injured and then multiplying this by a severity of injury estimate (1-5). The sum of the individual organ scores comprised the final penetrating @entity130 index (P.A.T.I.). A consecutive series from 1975 to 1979 of 108 @entity12967 wounds and 114 gunshot wounds to the abdomen requiring laparotomy were analyzed by this scheme. Only @entity1 surviving 24 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Gunshot wounds resulted in P.A.T.I. scores greater than 25 in 39 (34%) of the @entity1 . This was associated with a 46% complication rate and contrasted to a 7% incidence when the P.A.T.I. was equal to or less than 25. Following abdominal stab wounds six (6%) of the @entity1 had P.A.T.I. scores exceeding 25. Complications developed in 50% of this group compared to 5% when the P.A.T.I. was less than 25. Using the P.A.T.I., we conclude that gunshot victims are more likely to need @entity130 center treatment than those with stab wounds. The P.A.T.I. also might facilitate cost analysis of @entity130 care. The ability to assess effects of @entity1 age, sex, amount of @entity190 , duration of @entity1457 , and metabolic response to injury might further enhance the therapeutic implications in both penetrating and blunt @entity1661 .

title: Penetrating XXXX index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['isolated stab']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic shock']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['abdominal trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity712 is one of the best-known complications of @entity2743 . @entity2743 -induced @entity712 sometimes causes @entity1457 with a high mortality. There is little published information regarding venous-artery mode extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A mode ECMO) to treat @entity1457 in @entity1 with @entity2743 . Here, we present four @entity1 who received this treatment. SUMMARY: We present four @entity1 of severe @entity712 secondary to severe @entity2743 . All @entity1 suffered from @entity65 initially. In addition to primary resuscitation and the antithyroid drugs provided, ECMO was applied for temporally hemodynamic support. One @entity1 expired, and the other three @entity1 successfully recovered from @entity712 under the support of V-A mode ECMO. The thyroid function also returned to normal range. CONCLUSION: @entity1 experiencing @entity712 due to severe @entity2743 should be admitted to intensive care unit for close hemodynamic monitor. In addition, mechanical circulatory support such as ECMO should be provided immediately once @entity1457 occurs.

title: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation rescues XXXX -related @entity1457 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis', 'Thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory collapse']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN.: Retrospective propensity score multivariate analysis of the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) between 2008-2011. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the relationship between insurance status and rates of surgery for acute @entity174 with and without @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: The decision for surgery in @entity1 with @entity174 is often based on @entity174 pattern and stability, associated @entity1566 , and the presence of ligamentous and other associated injuries. It is poorly understood how non-clinical factors, such as insurance status, influence the decision for surgical intervention in @entity1 sustaining spinal @entity130 . METHODS.: Using NTDB admission years 2008-2011, we included @entity1 18-64 years old who sustained a @entity174 of the cervical or thoracolumbar spine. @entity1 were excluded if they sustained polytrauma (Injury Severity Score >= 27) or a @entity130 (Abbreviated Injury Scale severity >= 3) to the head, thorax, or abdomen. Our main outcome measure was surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for @entity3510 ; our main predictor was insurance status. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis and propensity scores were used to determine the relationship between insurance status and surgical treatment, controlling for other factors. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) for rates of surgery. RESULTS.: Our propensity score multivariate analysis demonstrated significantly higher rates of surgery in @entity1 with @entity1566 (OR=11.76, P<0.001), insurance (OR=1.27, P<0.001), white (OR=1.21, P=0.018) versus black race, blunt @entity130 (OR=5.63, P<0.001), shock (OR=1.62, P<0.001), higher Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS) score (OR=1.02, P=0.002), transfer from lower acuity hospital (OR=1.51, P<0.001) and treatment at teaching hospitals (OR=1.49, P<0.001). Multivariable subgroup analysis of @entity1566 @entity1 similarly revealed higher surgical rates for insured @entity1 (OR=1.46, P<0.001) compared to those without insurance. CONCLUSIONS.: @entity1 with traumatic spine fractures were more likely to receive surgery if they were insured, regardless of the presence of @entity1566 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Influence of Insurance Status on the Surgical Treatment of Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injury']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'major injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Spinal Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1619 event is a well-known trigger of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ). We propose a method to estimate the risk of @entity1619 event from the inter-beat (RR) intervals based on modeled @entity1162 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the Spontaneous @entity1165 Database and the HAWAI Registry, which include a total of 397 RR interval recordings from 116 implantable cardioverter defibrillator @entity1 . For each RR interval time series, QT intervals were estimated from the weighted average of preceding RR intervals using Bazett, Fridericia, and linear formulas. The risk score (RS) of each cycle was calculated to quantify the probability of @entity1619 event based on the timing of R-wave relative to the estimated T-end. We identified 52,440 ectopic beats (EBs) episodes, 280 nonsustained @entity1165 (NSVT) episodes, and 352 sustained @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes. The RS of episode onset and the prematurity index (PMI) of the initiating beat were compared. RESULTS: Using different QT-RR models, @entity1619 events were respectively detected in 9% EB, 45% NSVT, 69% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (Bazett); in 6% EB, 41% NSVT, 65% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (Fridericia); and in 7% EB, 42% NSVT, 66% @entity1165 / @entity2224 (linear). No @entity1619 event was found in normal beats. Consistent among three QT-RR models, the RS of episode onset rises sharply from EB to NSVT and to @entity1165 / @entity2224 episodes. In contrast, no trend in PMI is found. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of @entity1619 can be estimated from RR intervals, based on modeled @entity1162 . An episode onset with higher RS has increased risk of developing into NSVT or @entity1165 / @entity2224 .

title: Risk assessment of XXXX event based on modeled @entity1162 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia', 'Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'VF']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QT-RR relationship']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['R-on-T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite the fact that the total energy intake of Japanese @entity1 has decreased, the percentage of @entity28 @entity1 has increased. This suggests that the timing of meals is related to @entity28 . The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between the timing of meals and @entity28 , based on analyses of physical measurements, serum biochemical markers, nutrient intake, and lifestyle factors in the context of Chrononutrition. @entity1 AND METHODS: We analyzed data derived from 766 residents of Toon City (286 males and 480 females) aged 30 to 79 years who underwent detailed medical examinations between 2011 and 2013. These medical examinations included. (1) physical measurements (waist circumference, blood pressure, etc.); (2) serum biochemical markers (total @entity165 , etc.); (3) a detailed questionnaire concerning lifestyle factors such as family structure and daily habits (22 issues), exercise and eating habits (28 issues), @entity167 intake and smoking habits; (4) a food frequency questionnaire based on food groups (FFQg); and (5) a questionnaire concerning the times at which meals and snacks are consumed. RESULTS: The values for body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were higher for @entity1 who ate dinner less than three hours before bedtime (<3-h group) than those who ate more than three hours before bedtime (>3-h group). The Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in eating habits, e.g., eating snacks, eating snacks at night, having dinner after 8 p.m., and having dinner after 9 p.m., between the <3-h group and the >3-h group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that skipping breakfast significantly influenced both waist circumference (b = 5.271) and BMI (b = 1.440) and that eating dinner <3-h before going to bed only influenced BMI (b = 0.581). CONCLUSION: Skipping breakfast had a greater influence on both waist circumference and BMI than eating dinner <3-h before going to bed.

title: Skipping Breakfast is Correlated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: @entity65 are a major clinical problem in @entity1 with @entity740 and end @entity177 . @entity204 from cardiac causes accounts for 40%-50% of all @entity204 in these @entity1 and is thus up to 20 times more common in uremic @entity1 than in the general population. @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity177 is complex, but accelerated @entity731 has repeatedly been discussed as one major cause. The prevalence of @entity301 in uremic @entity1 is approximately 30% by autopsy and coronary angiography studies. Not only is the prevalence of @entity731 very high, but also the case fatality rate of @entity583 . Recently, excess mortality in uremic @entity1 having had a @entity583 was noted; the one year mortality was 55.4% and 62.3% in uremic @entity1 with and without @entity6 , respectively, compared to about 10-15% in non-uremic @entity1 . This study goes beyond the well-known notion that @entity1133 is associated with more severe @entity731 and shows that, in addition, the adaptation to coronary perfusion deficits is inappropriate. Recent clinical and autoptical studies in pre-dialysis and dialysis cohorts have documented increased intima and media thickness which appear early in the course of @entity8 ; Vascular wall thickening in @entity177 seems to be modified at least in part by parathyroidhormone (PTH) and @entity2232 (ET-1) which are both elevated in @entity1 with @entity177 . In experimental @entity177 a direct effect of high @entity3151 diet in arterial wall thickening was also documented. In addition to thickening of the vascular wall marked structural alterations were noted in @entity177 i.e. a decrease in elastic fibre content and an increase in extracellular matrix. Furthermore, increased calcification of @entity453 and of the media of the aorta and some peripheral arteries has been documented in @entity1 with @entity177 . Factors contributing to this increased calcification process may be deposition of abundant circulating @entity460 , microinflammation, oxidative stress, de novo expression of bone morphogenous proteins and lack of inhibitors of calcifcation. These changes in vascular wall composition may alter vessel elasticity and thus contribute to impaired vessel function in @entity177 . It is obvious from the above mentioned facts that @entity65 in the renal @entity1 is certainly multifaetorial in origin. There are, however, important issues to adress in the future, like (I) the characterization of vascular morphology in the different vascular beds, (II) the pathomechanisms of @entity729 as well as the potential beneficial effect of rigorous control of non-classical risk factors (i.e. high P or Ca x P, @entity32 , oxidative stress, etc.), (III) an additive or supraadditive effect of various classical and non-classical risk factors and (IV) the role of @entity6 in modifying these vascular alterations.

title: Special characteristics of XXXX in @entity177 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atheroma']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['stage renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular and plaque calcification']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions', 'atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'Death']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'Cardiovascular pathology', 'Cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Arterial @entity101 is, besides age, the number one risk factor for @entity64 . @entity1 with arterial @entity101 frequently present with additional coexisting vascular risk factors interacting in a complex way. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This paper reviews the benefit of antihypertensive treatment, as well as different treatment options of arterial @entity101 and their side-effects. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity101 , but also @entity1 with so-called normal or high-normal blood pressure are at increased risk to develop @entity64 and other @entity65 . Vascular remodelling of small and large vessels provoked by arterial @entity101 is the initial step in the development of @entity731 and lipohyalinosis. Vascular remodelling can be improved or even normalized by antihypertensive treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists showing the most convincing effects. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-I-receptor antagonists have the lowest rate of side-effects, however, economic restraints hinder their general application. Statins are needed to treat dyslipidaemia. They also lower blood pressure and have a synergistic effect with the above two antihypertensive components in lowering blood pressure. In @entity101 @entity1 , risk of @entity64 and other @entity65 is determined by the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of target organ damage and the interaction with other risk factors, such as cigarette smoking, dyslipidaemia, and @entity6 . These high-risk @entity1 should be treated even more aggressively than usual. CONCLUSIONS: In the vast majority of @entity1 and healthy individuals, target blood pressure should be as high as or below 120/80 mmHg to minimize the occurrence of @entity64 and other @entity65 .

title: Arterial @entity101 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'definite arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['ischaemic stroke']


abstract: Thirty-two strains of pectin-fermenting rumen bacteria were isolated from @entity291 rumen contents in a rumen fluid medium which contained pectin as the only added energy source. Based on differences in morphology and the Gram stain, 10 of these strains were selected for characterization. Two strains were identified as Lachnospira multiparus, four strains were identified as Butyrivbrio fibrisolvens, and three strains were identified as @entity8293 . Characteristics of the remaining strain did not correspond with any previously described species. It was a gram-positive anaerobic coccus, 1.0 to 1.2 mum in diameter, and occurred primarily as single cells or diplococci. The strain fermented pectin rapidly but showed little or no growth on any other energy sources tested. The only detectable end products were @entity1543 and gas, a portion of which was identified as @entity3884 . Although the physiological characteristics of this organism differ markedly from other described species, it has been placed in the genus Peptostreptococcus on the basis of morphology, Gram stain, relations to @entity26 , and the occurrence of cell division in only one plane. End products of fermentation are somewhat similar to those of the cellulolytic ruminococci. Eight previously characterized strains of cellulolytic bacteria isolated in nonselective media were unable to ferment pectin, whereas ten strains of hemicellulolytic rumen bacteria, eight of which were isolated with a xylan medium, showed considerable variation in this characteristic.

title: Pectin-fermenting bacteria isolated from the XXXX rumen.

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

entities_list: @entity8293 :: ('839', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides ruminicola']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: @entity3167 ( @entity33944 ) is a biomarker of @entity66 . In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary @entity33944 may improve cardiometabolic indices. A high fat diet (HFD) + @entity33944 (50 or 400   mg/kg BW/day) was fed to @entity35 and compared with HFD + @entity3413 (10   mg/kg BW/day) or HFD alone for 12 weeks. Weights and serum biochemicals (lipid profile, oral @entity413 tolerance test, leptin, adiponectin, and insulin) were measured, and mRNA levels of insulin signaling genes were determined. The results indicated that low and high doses of @entity3167 (SA) improved metabolic indices, although only the oral @entity413 tolerance test, serum @entity1674 , leptin, and adiponectin were significantly better than those in the HFD and HFD + @entity3413 groups (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results showed that only high-dose SA significantly affected the transcription of hepatic and adipose tissue insulin signaling genes. The data suggested that SA prevented HFD-induced insulin resistance in @entity35 after 12 weeks of administration through nontranscriptionally mediated biochemical changes that may have differentially sialylated glycoprotein structures at a low dose. At higher doses, SA induced transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling genes. These effects suggest that low and high doses of SA may produce similar metabolic outcomes in relation to insulin sensitivity through multiple mechanisms. These findings are worth studying further.

title: XXXX Supplementation Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance in @entity35 through Transcriptional and Nontranscriptional Mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid', 'N-Acetylneuraminic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiometabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3167 :: (MESH:D019158,Chemical) :: ['N-Acetylneuraminic Acid']


abstract: A total of 33 @entity1 (median age, 44 years) with high-grade, adult soft-tissue @entity242 were treated with @entity2879 given at 600 mg/m2 in a 72-h continuous infusion and @entity1260 given at 1500 mg/m2 per day for 3 days every 3 weeks. Dose escalation/reduction was protocolled depending on the level of hematological @entity137 observed in the preceding course. Overall, 90% of @entity1 had @entity3 , and the most common histologies were @entity1418 and @entity1822 . A median of 5 (range, 1-9) courses were given. Of 30 @entity1 who were evaluable for response, 12 (40%) obtained a partial remission, and the median time to progression was 8 (range, 4-13) months. Grade 3-4 @entity1431 and @entity882 were seen after 89% and 8% of the courses, respectively; @entity221 was seen in half of the @entity1 (15% of courses); and 32% of courses had to be postponed by 7 days or more due to myelosuppression. Dose reduction to below the standard had to be performed in 46% of courses, and dose escalation was achieved in only 13%. The reduced @entity137 seen after the addition of @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) in five @entity1 indicates that growth-factor support may enhance the dose intensity of the regimen. The results indicate significant activity for this regimen in adult soft-tissue @entity242 , which may in part be a result of the escalated dose and prolonged mode of administration of the phase-specific agent @entity2879 . As a result of this pilot series, a phase II study with @entity1260 , @entity2879 , and @entity1261 in advanced adult soft-tissue @entity242 has been initiated by the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group.

title: Treatment of advanced, high-grade soft-tissue @entity242 with XXXX and continuous-infusion @entity2879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['malignant fibrous histiocytoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenic fever']

answer: @entity1260 :: (MESH:D007069,Chemical) :: ['ifosfamide']


abstract: @entity64 in @entity1 is increasingly recognized. The incidence exceeds 8 per 100,000 per year. Important differences in @entity64 in newborns and @entity1 compared with adults, as well as a paucity of clinical trials, create challenges in the diagnosis and management of pediatric @entity385 ( @entity385 ). The neurological presentation of @entity385 can be subtle. Radiographic diagnosis of acute @entity385 is also challenging because CT scan may be normal early on. Risk factors include vascular, intravascular, and @entity887 ; frequently, there are multiple risk factors in a given @entity1 , necessitating thorough investigations. More than 50% have a @entity455 including postvaricella @entity2333 , dissection, moyamoya, or @entity1333 . Intravascular mechanisms are frequently present, including dehydration. @entity1503 are also associated with @entity385 in @entity1 , and include @entity3458 and @entity74 . The latter have been identified in from one third to one half of @entity1 with @entity385 , are usually acquired, and frequently act in concert with other risk factors for @entity64 . The most common @entity887 source is @entity299 , which is present in 25% of @entity1 with @entity385 . Outcomes include @entity204 in 6% and @entity51 in two thirds of @entity1 . Given that no clinical trials have been completed in pediatric @entity64 to date, treatment is empiric. Initial neuroprotective strategies aim to reduce the size of the @entity1188 . For older children antithrombotic agents (antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants) are given to reduce the 20 to 30% risk of recurrence. There are coordinated research efforts currently being initiated, which over the next decade will result in clinical trials in this understudied condition.

title: Arterial ischemic strokes in @entity1 and XXXX : an overview of current approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematological or prothrombotic conditions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolic', 'embolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['prothrombotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['angiopathy']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['AIS', 'arterial ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom ( @entity23806 ) have endured high combat stress and are eligible for 2 years of free military service-related health care through the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, yet little is known about the burden and clinical circumstances of mental health diagnoses among @entity23806 veterans seen at VA facilities. METHODS: US veterans separated from @entity23806 military service and first seen at VA health care facilities between September 30, 2001 (US invasion of Afghanistan), and September 30, 2005, were included. Mental health diagnoses and psychosocial problems were assessed using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. The prevalence and clinical circumstances of and subgroups at greatest risk for @entity146 are described herein. RESULTS: Of 103 788 @entity23806 veterans seen at VA health care facilities, 25 658 (25%) received mental health diagnosis(es); 56% of whom had 2 or more distinct mental health diagnoses. Overall, 32 010 (31%) received mental health and/or psychosocial diagnoses. Mental health diagnoses were detected soon after the first VA clinic visit (median of 13 days), and most initial mental health diagnoses (60%) were made in nonmental health clinics, mostly primary care settings. The youngest group of @entity23806 veterans (age, 18-24 years) were at greatest risk for receiving mental health or @entity1005 diagnoses compared with veterans 40 years or older. CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurring mental health diagnoses and psychosocial problems were detected early and in primary care medical settings in a substantial proportion of @entity23806 veterans seen at VA facilities. Targeted early detection and intervention beginning in primary care settings are needed to prevent chronic @entity1032 and disability.

title: Bringing the war back home: XXXX among 103,788 US veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan seen at Department of Veterans Affairs facilities.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['mental health disorders']


abstract: @entity11249 ( @entity11249 ) is an endocrine regulator of @entity413 and lipid metabolism as well as body growth. @entity11249 levels are decreased and a unique pulsatile secretory pattern becomes obvious after puberty particularly in males. Coincidentally with this, males tend to deposit body fat. Experimental and clinical evidence has accumulated that @entity28 is associated with a decrease in @entity11249 levels. A strain of transgenic @entity35 has been generated with severe @entity28 but normal nose-to-tail length, which has low circulating @entity11249 levels without @entity392 ( @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) transgenic @entity35 ). The present review mainly focuses on recent and current work analysing the relationship between the occurrence of @entity28 and low @entity11249 levels and/or the absence of @entity11249 @entity392 in this transgenic animal model. This model has elevated blood @entity413 , non-esterified @entity844 , insulin and leptin levels associated with @entity7298 , suggesting that these @entity35 also carry insulin- and leptin-resistant characteristics. hGH transgenic @entity35 were subjected to a pair-feeding treatment to normalize food intake and chronic @entity11249 replacement to normalize @entity11249 levels. While the pair-feeding for 8 weeks successfully suppressed body-weight gain, the fat pad : body weight ratio remained very similar to freely-eating control hGH transgenic @entity35 , which indicates the @entity7298 is not the sole contributor to the excess fat accumulation in this model. However, continuous elevation of peripheral hGH levels (approximately 2-fold) for 8 weeks by means of a slow-release vehicle resulted in a significant decrease in the fat mass : body weight ratios by 30 %. This @entity11249 treatment altered neither food intake nor body-weight gain. Thus, two characteristic phenotypes observed in the hGH transgenic @entity35 , @entity7298 and @entity28 , seem to be closely related to @entity11249 levels and @entity11249 secretory pattern. This relationship might be working in the regulation of changes in seasonal body composition in wild animals.

title: Effects of pulsatile secretion of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) on fat deposition in @entity1 XXXX transgenic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatility']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['GH']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 survivors often experience poor post-treatment musculoskeletal health. This study examined the feasibility of combined aerobic and resistant training ( @entity18527 ) for improving strength, skeletal health and balance. @entity5 survivors (n  =  24) were identified by convenience sampling in Los Angeles County with 11 survivors consenting to 13  weeks of @entity18527 . Pre- and post-intervention assessments of @entity79 ( @entity79 ), strength, flexibility and biomarker analysis were performed. Paired t-test analysis suggested increases in lower and upper body strength. The average T-score for @entity79 at the femoral neck improved from -1.46 to -1.36 and whole body @entity79 improved from -1.65 to -1.55. From baseline to follow-up, @entity1 also displayed decreases in sway velocity on the eyes open (7%) and eyes closed (27%) conditions. Improvement in lower body strength was associated with increases in lean body mass (LBM) (r  =  0.721) and an inverse association was observed between sway velocity and LBM (r  =  0.838). Age and time since last treatment were related with biomarkers of anabolic growth ( @entity442 , @entity2301 ) and bone (DPD, BAP). In summary, observed physiological changes were consistent with functional improvements, suggesting that isometric and dynamic exercise prescription may reduce the risk for falls and fall-related @entity174 among survivors.

title: Training-related improvements in musculoskeletal health and balance: a 13-week pilot study of female XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: In the isolated @entity235 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity26 consumption, an infusion of @entity72919 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity1169 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity712 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity26 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity1169 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity26 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity72919 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity72919 decreases myocardial @entity26 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity26 consumption such as heart rate. @entity1169 has no effect on myocardial @entity26 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity712 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity1169 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity26 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity72919 and @entity1169 on the isolated XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol', 'Propranolol']

entities_list: @entity72919 :: ('MESH:D002866', 'Chemical') :: ['carbochromen', 'Carbochromen']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity improves @entity158 and function among individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ), but most @entity1 with this condition are inactive. Physical therapists play a key role in helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to increase appropriate physical activity. However, health care access issues, financial constraints, and other factors impede some @entity1 from receiving physical therapy (PT) for knee @entity571 . A need exists to develop and evaluate other methods to provide physical activity instruction and support to @entity1 with knee @entity571 . This study is examining the effectiveness of an internet-based exercise training (IBET) program designed for knee @entity571 , designed by physical therapists and other clinicians. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized controlled trial of 350 @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 , allocated to three groups: IBET, standard PT, and a wait list (WL) control group (in a 2:2:1 ratio, respectively). The study was funded by the @entity1 Centered Outcomes Research Institute, which conducted a peer review of the proposal. The IBET program provides @entity1 with a tailored exercise program (based on functional level, symptoms, and current activity), video demonstrations of exercises, and guidance for appropriate exercise progression. The PT group receives up to 8 individual visits with a physical therapist, mirroring standard practice for knee @entity571 and with an emphasis on a home exercise program. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 4  months (primary time point) and 12  months (to assess maintenance of treatment effects). The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, and secondary outcomes include objective physical function, satisfaction with physical function, physical activity, @entity308 and global assessment of change. Linear mixed models will be used to compare both the IBET and standard PT groups to the WL control group, examine whether IBET is non-inferior to PT (a treatment that has an established evidence base for knee @entity571 ), and explore whether @entity1 characteristics are associated with differential effects of IBET and/or standard PT. This research is in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. DISCUSSION: The IBET program could be disseminated widely at relatively low cost and could be an important resource for helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to adopt and maintain appropriate physical activity. This trial will provide an important evaluation of the effectiveness of this IBET program for knee @entity571 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02312713.

title: Physical therapy vs. internet-based exercise training (PATH-IN) for XXXX with @entity626 : study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical manifestations and diagnoses of @entity1781 swelling. METHODS: The medical records of 49 @entity1 who experienced @entity1781 swelling between March 2008 and June 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. The characteristics of non-arteritic anterior @entity1781 (NA-AION) and @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ), which showed @entity1781 swelling most commonly, were compared. RESULTS: NA-AION was the most common disorder (34.7%) that presented with @entity1781 swelling. @entity7995 was identified in 15 @entity1 (30.6%). Seven out of 49 @entity1 (14.3%) had intracranially associated diseases, such as @entity1829 and @entity1781 . @entity67414 was noted in four @entity1 (8.2%). Other diseases (e.g., papillophlebitis, @entity2479 , and @entity6 ) were seen in six @entity1 (12.2%). @entity3856 was observed more commonly in @entity1 with @entity7995 (p = 0.001). @entity1 with @entity7995 expected a better visual prognosis than @entity1 with NA-AION (0.12    0.32 vs. 0.49    0.35, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NA-AION and @entity7995 should be considered in the differential diagnosis when @entity1 with @entity1781 swelling present to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic. Detailed history taking and supportive examinations, such as @entity227 and imaging tests, should also be performed as indicated. Regular follow-up of such exams is necessary for the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

title: Analysis of the causes of XXXX swelling.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field, color-vision']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic papillopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinitis']

entities_list: @entity67414 :: ('MESH:C562401', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudopapilledema']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis', 'ON']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy', 'optic disc', 'compressive optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity3856 :: ('MESH:D058447', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular pain']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['optic disc']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subunit A of coagulation factor XIII (FXIII-A) is important for clot stability and acts in the subsequent wound healing process. Loss of plasma FXIII-A has been reported after surgery, sepsis, and inflammatory conditions. In the intestinal mucosa, FXIII-A is expressed by macrophages and cellular FXIII-A has been associated with phagocytosis and migration of macrophages. The objective was to evaluate the consequences of intestinal @entity32 on resident mucosal macrophages, focusing on the level and distribution of FXIII-A. METHODS: Plasma and colonic biopsies were collected from 67 @entity1 with @entity31 and controls. Intestinal samples were stained using immunohistochemistry for FXIII-A and macrophages ( @entity469 , @entity11772 and iNOS). In situ hybridization were used to assess the intestinal expression of FXIII-A. FXIII-A antigen and activity levels were measured in plasma. RESULTS: Increased infiltration of @entity469 positive macrophages in the inflamed mucosa coincided with increased extracellular deposited FXIII-A and decreased expression and intracellular protein levels of FXIII-A. A decreased proportion of FXIII-A/ @entity469 / @entity11772 triple-positive macrophages was observed in inflamed mucosa, indicating a reduction of the M2 phenotype with consequent loss of FXIII-A. No induction of iNOS positive macrophages was observed. Stimulation of na  ve monocytes with physiological concentrations of pro-inflammatory mediators negatively affected the expression of FXIII-A. Measurements in plasma confirmed the loss of both FXIII antigen and activity during active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal @entity32 in UC induces loss of M2 macrophages with subsequent loss of FXIII-A synthesis. The loss of cellular FXIII-A may impact migration and phagocytosis, and hence limit pathogen eradication in UC.

title: Systemic and intestinal levels of factor XIII-A: the impact of XXXX on expression in macrophage subtypes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To investigate the role of the @entity15143 ( @entity15143 ) in bones' responses to loading, we analysed changes in multiple measures of bone architecture in tibias subjected to loading or disuse in male and female @entity19 with the @entity15143 loss of function mutation ( @entity15143 (-/-)) or heterozygous for the @entity15143 @entity73038 High Bone Mass (HBM) mutation ( @entity15143 (HBM+)). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The right tibias of these 17week old male and female @entity19 and their @entity164 ( @entity164 ) littermates were subjected to short periods of loading three days a week for two weeks. Each tibia was loaded for 40 cycles, to produce peak strains at the midshaft within the low, medium or high physiological range (~1500, 2400 and 3000 microstrain, respectively). In similar groups of @entity19 the right sciatic nerve was severed causing disuse of the right tibia for 3weeks. Data from microCT of loaded, neurectomised and contra-lateral control tibias were analysed to quantify changes in the cortical and cancellous regions of the bone in the absence of functional strains and in response to graded strains in addition to those derived from function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Male @entity164 (+/+) controls showed significant strain:response curves for cortical area and trabecular thickness, but @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 showed no detectable strain:response in those same outcomes. Female @entity19 of either @entity164 (+/+) or @entity15143 (-/-) genotype did not show significant strain:response curves for cortical or trabecular parameters, the one exception being Tb.Th in @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 . Since female @entity164 (+/+) @entity19 did not respond to loading in a significant dose:responsive manner, the similar lack of responsiveness of the @entity15143 (-/-) females could not be ascribed to their @entity15143 status. Cortical @entity604 associated with disuse showed no differences between @entity15143 (-/-) @entity19 and @entity164 (+/+) controls, but in cancellous bone of both male and females of these @entity19 , there was a greater loss than in @entity164 (+/+) controls. In contrast, the tibias of male and female @entity19 heterozygous for the @entity15143 @entity73038 HBM mutation showed greater osteogenic responsiveness to loading and less @entity604 associated with disuse than their @entity164 (HBM-) controls. These data indicate that the presence of the @entity15143 @entity73038 HBM mutation is associated with an increased osteogenic response to loading but support only a marginal gender-related role for normal @entity15143 function in this loading-related response.

title: Analysis of multiple bone responses to graded strains above functional levels, and to disuse, in XXXX in vivo show that the human Lrp5 @entity73038 High Bone Mass mutation increases the osteogenic response to loading but that lack of Lrp5 activity reduces it.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity15143 :: ('16973(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Lrp5', 'low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The presence of a damaged labrum is one of many factors influencing the outcomes of @entity3181 . However, there are few previous papers describing the long-term outcomes of @entity3181 with labrectomy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term clinical and radiological outcomes of @entity3181 for @entity572 with labral tears. We compared outcomes between labrectomy (+) and labrectomy (-) groups. @entity1 AND METHODS: Chiari pelvic osteotomies were performed by one surgeon on 34 @entity572 with labral tears between 1983 and 1996, in which labrectomy was performed on 23 hips but not on 11 hips. Three @entity1 undergoing labrectomy were lost to follow-up evaluation within 5 years after surgery. The average age of the remaining 31 @entity1 was 35.5 years (range, 16-54 years). The clinical and radiographic surveillance averaged 16.0 years (range, 10-23.3 years). RESULTS: In all @entity1 , @entity158 disappeared after the operation. At the end of the study, 8 of the 31 @entity1 displayed @entity922 . @entity571 ( @entity571 ) was observed in 11 hips. @entity1 with poor results have not opted for revision surgery except for one @entity1 . In the labrectomy (+) group, 10 of the 20 hips showed progression of @entity571 and the clinical outcomes of 6 @entity1 deteriorated. In the labrectomy (-) group, 1 of the 11 hips showed progression of @entity571 and 2 @entity1 deteriorated clinically. Radiological outcomes differed significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Labrectomy accompanying @entity3181 is an acceptable procedure for relieving @entity158 caused by the damaged labrum, but the outcomes have a tendency to deteriorate after 10 or more years postoperatively.

title: Treatment of XXXX with labral tear by @entity3181 : outcomes after more than 10 years follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Progression of osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic hips']

entities_list: @entity3181 :: ('MESH:D006502', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari pelvic osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical deterioration']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['dysplastic osteoarthritis']


abstract: Cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation, as detected in hibernating @entity1562 of chronic @entity63 @entity1 , is one of the characteristics seen at the border of @entity583 in small and large animals. Our objectives were to study in detail the morphological changes occurring at the border zone of a @entity95 @entity583 and its use as model for hibernating @entity1562 . Ligation of the left coronary artery (LAD) was performed on @entity95 hearts and animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks post- @entity1188 . These hearts together with a non-infarcted control heart were perfusion-fixed and tissue samples were embedded in @entity990 resin. Hibernating cardiomyocytes were mainly distributed in the non-infarcted region adjacent to the border zone of infarcted @entity1562 but only in a limited number. In the border zone itself vacuolated cardiomyocytes surrounded by fibrotic tissue were frequently observed. Ultrastructural analysis of these vacuolated cells revealed the presence of a basal lamina inside the vacuoles adjacent to the surrounding membrane, the presence of pinocytotic vesicles and an association with cisternae of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum. Myocyte quantitative analyses revealed a gradual increase in vacuolar area/total cell area ratio and in collagen fibril deposition inside the vacuoles from 2 to 12 weeks post- @entity1188 . Related to the remote zone, the increase in cell width of myocytes located in and adjacent to the border zone demonstrated cellular @entity1184 . These results indicate the occurrence of cardiomyocyte remodelling mechanisms in the border zone and adjacent regions of infarcted @entity1562 . It is suggested that the vacuoles represent plasma membrane invaginations and/or dilatations of T-tubular structures.

title: Structural remodelling of cardiomyocytes in the border zone of infarcted XXXX heart.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: The pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT) provides cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus (IC) and the @entity6324 ( @entity6324 ). PMT cells are often characterized as projecting to more than one target. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual PMT cholinergic cells, (1) innervate the auditory pathways bilaterally via collateral projections to left and right auditory thalamus; or, (2) innervate multiple levels of the auditory pathways via collateral projections to the auditory thalamus and inferior colliculus. We used multiple retrograde tracers to identify individual PMT cells that project to more than one target. We combined the retrograde tracer studies with immunohistochemistry for @entity1877 acetyltransferase to determine whether the projecting cells were cholinergic. We found that individual PMT cells send branching axonal projections to two or more auditory targets in the midbrain and thalamus. The collateral projection pattern that we observed most frequently was to the @entity717 . Cells projecting to both MGs were somewhat less common, followed by cells projecting to the contralateral IC and @entity717 . Both cholinergic and non-cholinergic cells contribute to each of these projection patterns. Less often, we found cells that project to one IC and both MGs; there was no evidence for non-cholinergic cells in this projection pattern. It is likely that collateral projections from PMT cells could have coordinated effects bilaterally and at multiple levels of the ascending auditory pathways.

title: Cholinergic cells in the tegmentum send branching projections to the inferior colliculus and the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral IC and ipsilateral MG', 'ipsilateral MG']

entities_list: @entity6324 :: ('MESH:D016697', 'Disease') :: ['medial geniculate body', 'MG']

answer: @entity6324 :: (MESH:D016697,Disease) :: ['medial geniculate body']


abstract: Three @entity1 @entity356 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the @entity5 tissues obtained from 3 @entity1 during surgery. The pathological findings of the @entity356 of these cases revealed poorly differentiated @entity420 (and partial @entity2580 in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a @entity3 in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same @entity5 . These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, @entity1138 and @entity632 were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines.

title: Characteristics of three @entity1 XXXX cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity2580 :: ('MESH:D018279', 'Disease') :: ['signet-ring cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumors', 'gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study presents our operative results, mortality, and morbidity with regard to pulmonary artery growth and reinterventions on the pulmonary artery and aortic arch, including key features of our institutional standards for the 3-stage hybrid palliation of @entity1 with @entity1699 . METHODS: Between June 1998 and February 2015, 182 @entity1 with @entity1699 underwent the Giessen hybrid stage I procedure. Among these, 126 @entity1 with @entity1699 who received a univentricular palliation or heart transplantation were included in the main analysis. Median age and body weight of @entity1 at hybrid stage I were 6  days (0-237) and 3.2  kg (1.2-7), respectively. Comprehensive stage II operation was performed at 4.5  months (2.9-39.5), and Fontan completion was established at 33.7  months (21.1-108.2). Operative and interstage mortality, morbidity, growth and reinterventions on the pulmonary arteries, and long-term operative results of the aortic arch reconstruction were assessed. RESULTS: Median follow-up time after Giessen hybrid stage I palliation was 4.6  years (0-16.8). Operative mortality at hybrid stage I, comprehensive stage II, and Fontan completion was 2.5%, 4.9%, and 0%, respectively. Cumulative interstage mortality was 14.2%. At 10  years, the probability of survival is 77.8%. Body weight (<2.5  kg) and aortic @entity1146 had no significant impact on survival. McGoon ratio did not differ at comprehensive stage II and Fontan completion (P  =  .991). Freedom from pulmonary artery intervention was estimated to be 32.2% at 10  years. Aortic arch reinterventions were needed in 16.7% of @entity1 ; 2 reoperations on the aortic arch were necessary. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the early results and long-term outcome, the hybrid approach has become an alternative to the conventional strategy to treat neonates with @entity1699 and variants. Further refinements are warranted to decrease @entity1 morbidity.

title: Hybrid therapy for XXXX : Myth, alternative, or standard?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart structures', 'hypoplastic left heart syndrome']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the Health Behaviour in School-Aged @entity1 (HBSC) survey, the frequency of consumption of a limited number of food items--focusing on fibre, @entity460 and less healthy items--is queried using a 15-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The present study was conducted to assess the reliability and relative validity of the HBSC FFQ among school pupils in Belgium. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: To assess the reliability of the FFQ, 207 pupils aged 11-12 years and 560 pupils aged 13-14 years completed the questionnaire twice, with a test-retest interval of 6 to 15 days. To assess the relative validity of the FFQ, in a first study data were collected as part of the Flemish HBSC 2000 survey: 7072 pupils (11-18 years) completed the FFQ and a 24-hour food behaviour checklist (FBC). In a second study, 101 pupils (11-12 years) completed the FFQ and a 7-day @entity6766 ( @entity6766 ). RESULTS: Reliability--weighted kappa values between test and retest ranged from 0.43 to 0.70, percentage agreement from 37 to 87%, and Spearman correlations from 0.52 to 0.82. Relative validity--comparison of the FBC with the percentage of respondents who should have consumed the food items on a random day, computed from the FFQ, showed good agreement between the FFQ and the FBC for most items. Only for cereals, diet soft drinks and other milk products were considerably higher food frequencies than expected found from the FBC. Comparison of the FFQ with the @entity6766 showed overestimation for all but three food items (cheese, soft drinks and chips). Spearman correlations ranged between 0.10 for crisps and 0.65 for semi-skimmed milk. CONCLUSION: The HBSC FFQ is a reliable questionnaire that can be used for ranking subjects for most food items, although one must consider the overestimation when the FFQ is used for estimating prevalences.

title: A Belgian study on the reliability and relative validity of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged XXXX food-frequency questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Since the introduction of the high-resolution technique more than ten years ago, HRCT has become an established modality for diagnosing @entity17220 . This is especially true for the diagnosis of @entity358 in adults. Experience in HRCT of the lungs is limited in pediatric @entity1 . This review gives an overview of frequent and less frequent HRCT findings in @entity358 in childhood. A purely reticular pattern is rarely observed in @entity1 . @entity358 associated with overinflation are relatively frequent. Paired inspiratory-expiratory scans combine morphological analysis with functional information and have improved the diagnosis of air trapping, e. g. in post-infectious @entity4154 or @entity2107 . Especially in @entity1 the high radiation exposure is a problem. Even when applying a low-dose protocol the radiation dose of HRCT will still exceed the dose of a chest X-ray by 100 times. The indication for pediatric @entity358 is limited to selected cases and it should be decided in agreement with the pediatric radiologists and the pediatric pulmonologists.

title: [High-resolution computed tomography of the lungs in pediatric XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['diseases of the respiratory system']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary diseases', 'pulmonary diseases', 'pulmonary HRCT', 'lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis obliterans']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cereals are among the major foods that account for @entity56 reactions. Salt-soluble proteins appear to be the most important allergens contributing to the @entity748 response. In contrast, very limited information is available regarding cereal allergens responsible for @entity56 after ingestion of cereal proteins. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the allergenic reactivity of ingested and inhaled cereal allergens in different ages, in order to investigate if the response to different allergens would depend on the sensitization route. METHODS: We included 66 @entity1 in three groups. Group 1: 40 @entity1 aged 3 to 6 months who suffered from @entity294 , @entity391 , @entity484 or @entity353 after the introduction of cereal formula in their diet and in which a possibility of @entity66 was discarded. Group 2: 18 adults with @entity5419 due to cereals tested by prick tests, specific IgE and food challenge. Group 3: eight @entity1 previously diagnosed as having @entity8060 . Sera pool samples were collected from each group of @entity1 and IgE immunoblotting was performed. RESULTS: We found an important sensitization to cereal in the 40 @entity1 . The most important allergens were @entity3505 followed by @entity2247 and rye. Among the adults with @entity566 , sensitization to other allergens was common, especially to @entity5369 (rye grass) pollen. Immunoblotting showed similar allergenic detection in the three groups. CONCLUSION: Clinically significant reactivity to cereal may be observed in early life. Inhalation and ingestion routes causing @entity566 seem to involve similar allergens. The diet control was more effective in @entity1 . The possibility of @entity566 after the introduction of cereal formula during the lactation period should not be underestimated.

title: XXXX after ingestion or inhalation of cereals involves similar allergens in different ages.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['cereal allergy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["baker's asthma"]

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions', 'food hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity5369 :: ('4522', 'Species') :: ['Lolium perenne']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['Allergy']


abstract: @entity3179 are prevalent, challenging wounds; their incidence is rising with the increasing age of the general population. Physical mo- dalities often are used to help heal these chronic wounds. A prospective study was conducted to investigate the application of high-voltage stimu- lation (HVS), ultrasound therapy (US), low-level laser therapy (LLLT, 810 nm, 65 mW, 4 J/cm2), and @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ), with and without surgical intervention; along with standard of care comprising drug therapy (micronized @entity3096 fraction in two 500-mg tablets once daily) and wet dressings of 0.9% @entity2827 on venous leg @entity1066 . METHODS: The 305- @entity1 study was conducted between 1994 and 2008 among @entity1 with @entity3179 in 3 facilities in Poland. After surgery involving crossectomy, partial [short] stripping of the greater or short saphenous vein, local phlebectomy, and ligation of insufficient perforators, 4 groups of @entity1 were treated with the standard of care drug/dressing therapy and HVS, US, LLLT, or @entity2850 , and 1 group received the drug/dressing ther- apy only. Four non-surgical groups received HVS, US, LLLT, or @entity2850 and drug/dressing therapy, and 1 group received drug/dressing therapy only. Changes in wound area and volume were compared among all the groups receiving the various treatments using the Gilman index. In all groups therapy lasted 7 weeks. The computed planimetry method for observation of healing process was used. RESULTS: The Gilman index values at 4 weeks were significantly higher in the compression plus surgery compared with other groups (P = 0.01). After therapy for @entity1 from the @entity2850 + surgery group, the Gilman index was 1.18 cm (P  <= 0.001 compared with other groups). The percentage total surface area regression analysis confirmed that compression plus surgery is the most efficient in venous leg @entity1066 therapy (61.89% reduction after 4 weeks of therapy and 78.19% at the end of study) compared to the other groups (P  <= 0.001). The HVS and US appeared useful only in conservatively treated @entity1 (P < 0.05). The LLLT did not accelerate reduction of the ulceration surface. CONCLUSION: Venous surgery plus @entity2850 is the most effi- cient treatment for @entity3179 . Compression therapy should be provided to both surgically and conservatively non-surgically treated pa- tients. High-voltage stimulation and ultrasound therapy are useful meth- ods in conservative treatment of @entity3179 . For surgically treated @entity1 , these physical modalities are not effective. Low-level laser ther- apy is not an efficient method for treating @entity3179 .    .

title: Using Physical Modalities in the Treatment of XXXX : A 14-year Comparative Clinical Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['venous ulcers', 'venous leg ulcers', 'Venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['compression therapy', 'CT']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['Venous Leg Ulcers']


abstract: The prognosis of @entity0 is the result of many factors, among which the mass of the @entity5 at the time of diagnosis remains the most significant: small @entity5 have a better prognosis than larger ones and are less often accompanied by positive lymph nodes. It is therefore justifiable to search for them systematically by breast examination of all @entity1 over 30. Large-scale mass screening campains in the USA, with clinical and mammographic examination of tens of thousands of @entity1 , have proven that it is possible to detect more "early" @entity5 and reduce general mortality in the groups studied. The number of @entity5 thus detected is nevertheless so small that it does not justify the investment of so much labour and money in this kind of campaign. Systematic breast examination at regular intervals (6 months to 1 year) with regular mammographies should be confined to @entity1 in the high risk groups: @entity1 who have already undergone surgery for @entity5 of one breast, and @entity1 with a marked family history of @entity0 . For the rest of the female population, the solution seems obvious: every physician should get into the habit of performing regular clinical examination of the breasts. Most gynecologists are already doing so, but they only examine a small part of the population. The most important role in the detection of @entity0 falls to the internists and the general practitioners: they should assume responsibility for all their @entity1 ' breasts, in the same manner as they do for heart and lung examinations. They will then request additional examinations (mammography, thermography) as soon as clinical examination reveals a pathological finding. The results of GILBERTSEN [5] confirm that clinical examination remains the most valuable and least expensive method for @entity0 detection.

title: [Usefulness of detection of XXXX : the part played by the internist].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This paper provides an overview of @entity73 due to vascular @entity75 , which is referred to as vascular @entity73 (VCI). Over the past decades, we have seen marked progress in detecting VCI, both through maturation of diagnostic concepts and through advances in brain imaging, especially MRI. Yet in daily practice, it is often challenging to establish the diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 where there is no evident temporal relation between a cerebrovascular event and @entity73 . Because @entity1504 is such a common cause of @entity73 , it provides an obvious target for treatment. In @entity1 whose @entity73 follows directly after a @entity64 , the etiological classification of this @entity64 will direct treatment. In many @entity1 however, VCI develops due to so-called "silent @entity1504 ," without evident cerebrovascular events. In these @entity1 , @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) are the most common cause. Yet no SVD-specific treatments currently exist, which is due to incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology. This review addresses developments in this field. It offers a framework to translate diagnostic criteria to daily practice, addresses treatment, and highlights some future perspectives. This article is part of a Special Issue titled "Vascular Contributions to @entity73 and @entity303 ," edited by M. Paul Murphy, Roderick A. Corriveau, and Donna M. Wilcock.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in @entity303 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6249 :: ('MESH:D059345', 'Disease') :: ['small vessel diseases', 'SVDs']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'Cognitive Impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia']

entities_list: @entity1504 :: ('MESH:D002561', 'Disease') :: ['vascular damage']

answer: @entity1504 :: (MESH:D002561,Disease) :: ['vascular damage']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity3283 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity1 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity1 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity3283 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity7046 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity7046 and masked @entity619 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity1066 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity1066 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity1066 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity1066 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity134 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity230 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity3283 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity230 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity3283 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- @entity134 combination treatment in corneal @entity1066 XXXX : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity7046 :: ('MESH:C078049', 'Chemical') :: ['gatifloxacin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial corneal ulcer', 'corneal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aims: @entity191 ( @entity191 ) increases the risk of @entity734 ( @entity734 ). While motor functions worsen continuously, the assignment of @entity1 to @entity734 occurs categorically. It is unknown how many @entity1 are already sufficiently severely impaired to be categorised as @entity734 yet do not have an officially acknowledged level of @entity734 . Methods: A random sample of 1   449 @entity191 outpatients was clinically characterised by office-based neurologists, including impairments of activities of daily living (ADL with the Unified @entity191 Rating scale (UPDRS subscale II) as well as regarding the presence of @entity303 according to DSM-IV criteria and the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE). @entity308 was screened for with the Montgomery-Asberg @entity308 Rating Scale (MADRS). For each @entity1 the officially acknowledged level of @entity734 was documented; for @entity1 without official @entity734 level, the clinician appraised whether the @entity1 was care-dependent anyhow. Results: 266 @entity1 (18.3%) were officially acknowledged as care-dependent, while n=121 @entity1 (8.5%) were not, yet were appraised to be care-dependent according to the clinician. Compared to non- @entity734 @entity1 , they differed on every measure considered. Compared to @entity1 with an official @entity734 , their @entity191 duration was significantly shorter (6.0 vs. 8.0 years, p<0.01) and they were less severely impaired in ADL (13.3 vs. 15.5, p<0.01). They did not differ regarding the rates of @entity303 (52.9 vs. 44.9%, p=0.203) or @entity308 according to the MADRS (13.1 vs. 13.1, p=0.989). Conclusions: ADL impairments are the most important predictor for @entity734 while @entity303 and @entity308 are not considered despite the impairments that are additionally caused by them.

title: [Care-Dependency in XXXX : More Frequent than Assumed?]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['care-dependency', 'CDP']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: @entity693 should be suspected in a @entity1 who presents with @entity221 , @entity693 , or severe @entity10 . A careful physical examination should be performed of perimeningeal foci, with emphasis on the sinuses, ears, throat, neck, and lungs. A history of exposure to @entity378 , @entity1800 , rodents, or suspicious dairy products or farm animals may give clues to the source of the @entity693 . Immunosuppression through the use of @entity288 or chemotherapy for such conditions as @entity978 , @entity706 , @entity1778 , @entity3147 , or @entity791 ( @entity791 ) should also be noted and alert the clinician to the possible presence of an unusual pathogen. @entity693 associated with @entity1778 or most of the @entity784 is likely to be from a common bacterial agent (often Listeria), unless the @entity1 is being treated with a @entity134 or is receiving other chemotherapy. @entity1 with @entity978 or @entity791 or who have been treated with a @entity134 are more likely to have cryptococcal or @entity1906 . Neonates and the very elderly may present with only irritability or lethargy and @entity221 , without any of the other common symptoms. In neonates up to one week of age, group B @entity883 should be suspected. Gram-negative organisms should be suspected in elderly @entity1 and those who have had neurosurgery. In @entity1 with CSF shunts, infection with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus should be assumed and these @entity1 are treated empirically until results of cultures are received. Several noninfectious conditions may mimic @entity693 , as may some unusual causes of @entity693 (eg, @entity1065 and @entity2040 ), which have not been discussed in this article.

title: The many causes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['non-T-cell lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningism', 'infectious meningitis', 'Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity64008 is a novel broad-spectrum anticancer agent that triply inhibits DNA methyltransferases (DNA MTases), Histone Deacetylases (HDAC), and @entity376 Demethylases. In the first-in- @entity1 , Phase I trial, 5/5 @entity1 who progressed on @entity64008 treatment were resensitized to previously refractory @entity2600 therapy, hinting at a generalized resensitization effect. A randomized open-label multi-part, multi-center phase II trial of @entity64008 versus @entity8486 (ROCKET) is underway to explore the resensitization and/or 'episensitization' potential in @entity2600 refractory @entity5 and its impact on overall survival. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity2600 -refractory metastatic @entity14 with an ECOG PS 0-1 who progressed on @entity901 -, and @entity2600 -based regimens with or without bevacizumab, cetuximab or panitumumab are randomized 2:1 to receive @entity64008 16.5 mg/m(2) IV 1x/week or @entity8486 160 mg orally 21 of 28 days until progression or unacceptable @entity137 followed by treatment with refractory @entity2600 -based therapies. RESULTS: To date, 23 @entity1 have been randomized with 10 @entity1 evaluable for resensitization. Post @entity64008 @entity1 demonstrated marked decreases in CEA in all 6 @entity1 as compared to 4 @entity1 receiving @entity8486 who were too systemically unwell to proceed to subsequent treatment. Progression free survival (ongoing) for @entity64008 + @entity2600 is 5.9 months compared 0.92 months on @entity8486 + @entity2600 . Combined Disease Control Rate (SD + PR) for the combination of @entity64008 and reintroduction of @entity2600 based therapy is currently 100%, whereas no @entity1 to date randomized to the @entity8486 arm have been able to start @entity2600 based therapy secondary to decreasing performance status. CONCLUSIONS: Early results in the ROCKET study suggest that @entity64008 -mediated resensitization to previously refractory therapies may have a generalized effect, independent of @entity984 or @entity876 status. These early results are intriguing and may be a major advancement in epigenetic therapy. @entity64008 is a novel pan-epigenetic inhibitor that may potentially offer improved QOL and overall survival over currently approved therapy in the chemotherapy refractory @entity14 .

title: O3.8Early Results: "ROCKET" a phase II Study of XXXX , a novel triple epigenetic inhibitor, Resensitization to @entity2600 in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib', 'Regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysine']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity64008 :: (MESH:C577469,Chemical) :: ['RRx-001']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) is a @entity395 with a high mortality rate if untreated or delayed therapy. Whether immediate diagnosis and promptly treated with plasma exchange can change the grave prognosis? METHOD: Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of 13 @entity1 diagnosed and treated during a 6-year period, from August 1994 to August 2000, in a tertiary care university hospital in Taiwan. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , 8 were males and 5 were females, 10 were idiopathic, 2 were @entity1396 , and 1 was @entity1252 -induced; 12 (92.3%) had @entity16 , 11 (84.6%) had ecchymosis, 8 (61.5%) had @entity221 , and 6 (46.2%) had @entity8 ( @entity1011 > or = 1.5 mg/dL) at initial presentation of the syndrome. Excluding the @entity1252 @entity1 , 6 of 10 (60%) had shown antinuclear antibody (ANA) non-specific positive (titer > or = 1:40). All @entity1 were initially treated with plasma exchange plus @entity230 . Of these 13 @entity1 , 11 (84.6%) achieved complete remission, one had partial remission, and one, which was @entity1396 -induced, had no response and died of a progressive disease complicated with @entity55 . Within a median follow-up period of 31 months, 4 of 11 @entity1 who achieved complete remission relapsed after one week, two weeks, three weeks, and three months, respectively. In the four relapsing @entity1 , three late relapsing @entity1 received FFP infusion, increased @entity134 dosages, added @entity786 plus @entity1891 ; and one early relapsing @entity1 , relapsing twice, received an additional two courses of plasma exchange and added @entity786 plus @entity1891 . All of the four @entity1 achieved complete remission again. The @entity1 who had partial remission relapsed early and responded promptly to another course of plasma exchange plus @entity786 and @entity1891 and achieved complete remission. CONCLUSION: Based on the results in this study, we conclude that plasma exchange plus @entity230 can effectively treat @entity2106 . For @entity1 with a refractory or relapsing disease, immunosuppressive therapy with @entity786 plus @entity1891 should be administered as well.

title: @entity2106 ( XXXX ): initial treatment with plasma exchange plus @entity230 and immunosuppressive agents for relapsing cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2106 :: (MESH:D011697,Disease) :: ['TTP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities and neuropathologic findings in @entity1 with @entity3932 and medically @entity302 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features, preoperative MRI studies, and pathologic findings of all @entity1 with @entity3932 who underwent excisional surgery for intractable @entity302 at Boston @entity1 's Hospital between 1993 and  2011. RESULTS: Eleven @entity1 (male/female  =  4/7) with @entity3932 were identified who underwent surgery for intractable @entity302 (mean age 13    6.2  months), including hemispherectomy (n  =  10) and focal cortical resection (n  =  1). Mean age at @entity410 onset was 15    11  weeks. Fifty-five percent (n  =  6) of @entity1 exhibited two different types of @entity410 , and 18% (n  =  2) had three types of @entity410 . @entity35457 were the most common type, occurring in nine @entity1 ; @entity386 was the second most common, occurring in four @entity1 . Brain MRIs were reviewed in five @entity1 . Histopathologic examination revealed signs of varied degrees of @entity154 in seven of 11 @entity1 . Overall, there were no abnormalities in the MRIs that corresponded directly with the pathologic findings except in one @entity1 with @entity8568 . CONCLUSIONS: In spite of pathologic findings of @entity154 in varied degrees, these findings could not be readily detected on brain MRIs. The failure to detect focal @entity6795 on MRIs may be attributable to the subtle microscopic nature of the abnormalities; in some of the older individuals, the imaging studies available for review were done during an advanced stage of the disease.

title: XXXX : Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and  Neuropathology Findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['cortical anomalies', 'cortical morphologic anomaly']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity3932 :: ('MESH:D013341', 'Disease') :: ['Sturge-Weber syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8568 :: ('MESH:D065706', 'Disease') :: ['polymicrogyria']

entities_list: @entity6795 :: ('MESH:D054220', 'Disease') :: ['cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['refractory epilepsy', 'epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity35457 :: ('MESH:D020938', 'Disease') :: ['Focal clonic seizures']

answer: @entity3932 :: (MESH:D013341,Disease) :: ['Sturge-Weber Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECT: As in @entity1 with @entity5513 , advances in surgical procedures have markedly improved outcomes in @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 . In this article the authors address the function of cranial nerves in a series of @entity1 with trigeminal @entity808 that were treated with gross-total surgical removal. The authors emphasize a technique they use to remove a dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave, and discuss the advantage of the extradural zygomatic middle fossa approach for total @entity5 and preservation or improvement of @entity129 . METHODS: Within an 11-year period (1989-2000), 25 @entity1 (14 female and 11 male @entity1 with a mean age of 44.4 years) with benign trigeminal @entity808 were surgically treated by the senior author (O.A.) with the aim of total @entity5 . Three @entity1 had undergone previous surgery elsewhere. @entity21591 was present in all but two @entity1 . Abducent nerve paresis was present in 40%. The approach in each @entity1 was selected according to the location and size of the lesion. @entity5 were dumbbell shaped and extended into both middle and posterior fossae. All 25 @entity5 involved the cavernous sinus. The zygomatic middle fossa approach was particularly useful and was used in 14 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 33.12 months. In @entity1 who had not undergone previous surgery, the preoperative trigeminal sensory deficit improved in 44%, facial @entity158 decreased in 73%, and trigeminal motor deficit improved in 80%. Among @entity1 with preoperative abducent nerve paresis, recovery was attained in 63%. Three @entity1 (12%) experienced a persistent new or worse @entity129 postoperatively. @entity21591 persisted in one of these @entity1 , @entity2359 in another, and motor trigeminal weakness in the third @entity1 . In all @entity1 a good surgical outcome was achieved. One @entity1 died 2 years after treatment from an unrelated cause. In three @entity1 the @entity5 recurred after an average of 22.3 months. CONCLUSIONS: Preservation or improvement of @entity129 can be achieved through total removal of a @entity808 , and skull base approaches are better suited to achieving this goal. The zygomatic middle fossa approach is particularly helpful and safe. It allows @entity5 removal from the cavernous sinus, the infratemporal fossa, and the posterior fossa through the expanded Meckel cave.

title: Trigeminal @entity808 : removal of dumbbell-shaped @entity5 through the expanded Meckel cave and outcomes of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve function']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas', 'trigeminal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of tumor', 'removal of the tumor', 'Nineteen tumors', 'extradural tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity21591 :: ('MESH:D020433', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal nerve dysfunction', 'Fifth nerve sensory deficit']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['sensory and motor dysfunction']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial nerve function']


abstract: The @entity1893 include a broad range of @entity5 derived from the T cells and B cells and their precursors in the lymphoid system. Although they are not among the most common @entity5 , the @entity706 have engendered a great deal of interest among researchers because of their interesting biology and responsiveness to therapy. The @entity1893 include at least ten major subtypes of diseases with different morphologic characteristics and clinical behavior. Based upon survival characteristics, it is convenient to divide the @entity706 into three broad categories, low grade, intermediate grade, and high grade. The low @entity706 usually arise in middle age or older individuals (median age, 55 years). They are derived from B cells and often have a follicular architectural pattern. They usually present with advanced stages of disease, often by virtue of bone marrow involvement. Nevertheless, @entity1 are usually asymptomatic and may even have spontaneous regressions of disease. These @entity706 are responsive to a broad range of therapies including irradiation, single agent or multi-agent chemotherapy, or combined modality therapy. They are also affected by treatment with biologicals such as alpha interferon and monoclonal antibodies. Unfortunately, response to any of these therapies is often transient and relapse is common. The intermediate @entity706 include the common large cell @entity706 (follicular or diffuse) and @entity1893 . The @entity706 , together with the high grade @entity706 , are often grouped together for the development of management strategies. These @entity706 may be derived from B cells or T cells. They occur over a broader age range than the low @entity706 and they are much more @entity146 in their natural behavior. Effective treatment programs have been developed for both limited and advanced clinical stages of disease. In limited disease, moderately intensive chemotherapy is often combined with involved field irradiation. In @entity5 , more @entity146 combination chemotherapy programs are usually employed. From 40% to 80% of @entity1 may be cured with these approaches, depending upon the initial extent of disease. Two types of high grade @entity981 and small noncleaved cell are particularly @entity146 in their behavior. @entity981 is a @entity784 that often arises in adolescent males and presents with a large mediastinal mass, marrow, and CNS involvement. It closely resembles @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and similarly intensive chemotherapy programs as are utilized in @entity981 may be successful in its management.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The XXXX : pathology, staging, treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoblastic lymphoma', 'lymphoma-lymphoblastic', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['grade lymphomas', 'immunoblastic lymphoma', 'lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplasms', 'advanced stage disease']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse mixed cell lymphoma', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distinguishing stable supination-external rotation (SER) 2 from unstable SER 4 @entity1171 , using standard radiographs, is controversial. Examination under anaesthesia (EUA), @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) and weight-bearing (WB) radiographs can aid surgical decision-making. We evaluated the effect of three methods of fracture stability assessment. METHODS: Radiographs and case-notes of 312 consecutive @entity1 with @entity13060 /4 fractures were reviewed. We recorded ankle stability assessment (plain film (PF) and EUA vs. @entity1642 vs. WB radiographs), management (conservative vs. operative), unplanned surgery and complications. RESULTS: Forty five percent assessed with @entity1642 underwent surgery (6% for PF/EUA, 4% for WB; P=0.0001). Amongst @entity1642 @entity1 , 11% underwent additional surgery (0.1% PF/EUA, 0% WB; P=0.0001). Complications occurred in 2% of the WB group (8% for PF/EUA, 22% for @entity1642 ; P=0.007). CONCLUSION: This study associates @entity1642 assessment with higher rates of surgery and complications. Subsequent studies may determine the longer term effect stability assessments have on post-traumatic @entity625 .

title: The effect of different methods of stability assessment on fixation rate and complications in supination external rotation (SER) 2/4 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fractures']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'gravity-stress']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['ankle fractures']