abstract: @entity29030 ( @entity29030 ) outbreaks in @entity12526 herds lead to the implementation of standard control measures according to legislative regulations. Ideal outbreak control entails the @entity514 and efficient culling of all @entity1707 on premises detected positive for @entity29030 virus. Often all @entity1707 holdings around the detected cases are pre-emptively destroyed to exclude transmission into the neighbourhood. In addition to these measures, zones are defined in which surveillance and protection measures are intensified to prevent further distant disease spread. In particular, all movements are prohibited within standstill areas. Standstill also excludes the transport of fattened @entity1707 to slaughter. Historical outbreaks provide evidence of the success of this control strategy. However, the extent to which the individual strategy elements contribute to this success is unknown. Therefore, we applied a spatially and temporally explicit epidemic model to the problem. Its rule-based formulation is tailored to a one-by-one model implementation of existing control concepts. Using a comparative model analysis the individual contributions of single measures to overall control success were revealed. From the results of the model we concluded that movement restrictions had the dominant impact on strategy performance suggesting a reversal of the current conceptual thinking. Additional measures such as pre-emptive culling only became relevant under imperfect compliance with movement restrictions. The importance of movement restrictions for the overall control success illustrates the need for explicit consideration of this measure when contingency strategies are being amended (e.g. emergency vaccination) and associated risks assessed.

title: The role of movement restrictions and pre-emptive destruction in the emergency control strategy against @entity29030 outbreaks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity29030 :: ('MESH:D006691', 'Disease') :: ['Classical swine fever', 'CSF']

answer: @entity12526 :: (9825,Species) :: ['domestic pigs']


abstract: @entity72117 is down-regulated in @entity5 , which may serve as a @entity5 suppressor by targeting @entity984 and Ras-responsive element-binding protein ( @entity2199 ). Activated @entity984 leads to down-regulation of @entity72117 transcription in a @entity2199 -dependent manner, establishing a @entity6957 /145- @entity984 - @entity2199 feedback loop. A polymorphism @entity72118 @entity6344 in the promoter of @entity6957 /145 might influence the binding of @entity11567 . We hypothesized that the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may be related to the occurrence of @entity957 ( @entity957 ). In this study, we genotyped the 2 polymorphisms in 415 @entity1 with @entity957 and 504 controls using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The promoter activities were measured by the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System. We found that the @entity72118 TC genotype was associated with an increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.80). The significantly increased association was also observed in a dominant genetic model (adjusted OR=1.32; 95% CI, 1.01-1.72). Combined analysis showed that individuals carrying the genotypes of @entity72118 TC/CC and rs712GT/TT had a 1.47-fold increased risk of @entity957 (adjusted OR=1.47; 95% CI, 1.01-2.15). By using multifactor dimensionality reduction software method, we identified a significant interaction between the @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 . Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay showed that the luciferase activity was significantly lower in cells transfected with the @entity72118 C allele than that of the @entity72118 T allele. These findings indicate that @entity6957 /145 @entity72118 and @entity984 @entity72119 may contribute to the etiology of @entity957 in Chinese @entity1 .

title: A Functional Polymorphism in the Promoter of XXXX /145 Is Associated With the Risk of @entity957 in Chinese @entity1 : A Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['cervical squamous cell carcinoma', 'CSCC']

entities_list: @entity11567 :: ('6908', 'Gene') :: ['TATA-binding protein']

answer: @entity6957 :: (406935,Gene) :: ['MiR-143']


abstract: 1. The aim of the present study was to examine the distribution of unmyelinated, small-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase immunoreactive (nNOS-IR) axons and large-diameter myelinated neuronal @entity842 synthase and @entity72734 -immunoreactive (PV-IR) axons in the dorsal funiculus (DF) of sacral (S1-S3) and lumbar (L1-L7) segments of the @entity235 .2. nNOS and PV immunohistochemical methods were used to demonstrate the presence of nNOS-IR and PV-IR in the large-diameter myelinated, presumed to be proprioceptive, axons in the DF along the lumbosacral segments.3. Fiber size and density of nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons were used to compartmentalize the DF into five compartments (CI-CV). The first compartment (CI) localized in the lateralmost part of the DF, containing both unmyelinated and small-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR axons, is homologous with the dorsolateral fasciculus, or Lissauer tract. The second compartment (CII) having similar fiber organization as CI is situated more medially in sacral segments. Rostrally, in lower lumbar segments, CII moves more medially, and at upper lumbar level, CII reaches the dorsomedial angle of the DF and fuses with axons of @entity4609 . CIII is the largest in the DF and the only one containing large-diameter myelinated nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons. The largest nNOS-IR and PV-IR axons of CIII (8.0-9.2 mum in diameter), presumed to be stem Ia proprioceptive afferents, are located in the deep portion of the DF close to the dorsal and dorsomedial border of the dorsal horn. The @entity4609 compartment varies in shape, appearing first as a small triangular area in S3 and S2 segments, homologous with the Philippe-Gombault triangle. Beginning at S1 level, @entity4609 acquires a more elongated shape and is seen throughout the lumbar segments as a narrow band of fibers extending just below the dorsal median septum in approximately upper two-thirds of the DF. The CV is located in the basal part of the DF. In general, CV is poor in nNOS-IR fibers; among them solitary PV-IR fibers are seen.4. The analysis of the control material and the degeneration of the large- and medium-caliber nNOS-IR fibers after unilateral L7 and S1 dorsal rhizotomy confirmed that large-caliber nNOS-IR and and PV-IR axons, presumed to be proprioceptive Ia axons, and their ascending and descending collaterals are present in large number in the DF of the lumbosacral intumescence. However, in the DF of the upper lumbar segments, the decrease in the number of nNOS-IR and PV-IR fibers is quite evident.

title: The distribution of primary @entity842 synthase- and XXXX - immunoreactive afferents in the dorsal funiculus of the lumbosacral spinal cord in a @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity72734 :: (481278(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['parvalbumin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between intrauterine cytomegalovirus (HCMV) @entity281 and @entity600 , and to determine the distribution of tissues infected. METHODS: Autopsy samples of 41 @entity1 with @entity600 and 19 @entity1 with normal appearances were studied. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique the paraffin embedded specimens of main organs were examined for @entity281 . @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) was performed in some of the PCR positive tissues in order to define the distribution of HCMV DNA. RESULTS: 19 of the 41 @entity1 (46.34%) with @entity154 were HCMV positive, while 1 in 19 (5.26%) were positive in the control group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05), 20.46% (35/171) of the fetal organ samples were HCMV DNA positive in the @entity600 group, but only 1 out of 78 samples (1.28%%) was positive in the pulmonary tissue of the control group. More malformations of the digestive system were presented in HCMV infected babies but no statistical significant difference when compared with other systems. Brain tissue had the highest @entity281 rates (41.37%, 12/29), which was significantly higher than other organs. By @entity2735 technique HCMV DNA was found only in 6 out of 17 PCR positive samples, and they were located at neurons, neurogliocytes, epithelium and interstitial cells of the kidney, and epithelial cells of @entity358 . CONCLUSION: There are strong correlation between @entity281 and @entity600 , and brain is more susceptible to HCMV. By combining PCR and @entity2735 , both sensitivity and distribution of HCMV could be obtained.

title: [Human cytomegalovirus XXXX and @entity600 ].

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['ISH', 'In-situ hybridization']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformation', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HCMV infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is little information available concerning plasma concentrations of @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) in @entity1 with a @entity1757 . The aim of the present study was to determine hemodynamic factors that control plasma concentrations of @entity3876 and the clinical implications of @entity3876 compared with atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in @entity1 with @entity1757 . METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 with @entity1757 (28 @entity1 and 31 @entity1 ) without @entity358 were enrolled. The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 3 months to 13 years (mean 3.1 years). Plasma @entity3876 and ANP were determined by immunoradiometric assay. Hemodynamic variables derived from cardiac catheterization were analyzed in terms of correlation with @entity3876 and ANP. RESULTS: It was found that plasma @entity3876 significantly positively correlated with ANP (ANP = 2.1 x @entity3876 + 25 pg/mL; r = 0.81, P < 0.0001) and @entity3876 never exceeded ANP in the present @entity1 series. Plasma @entity3876 as well as ANP significantly positively correlated with pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (r = 0.65 and r = 0.59, respectively) and mean pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.72 and r = 0.68, respectively). In addition, plasma @entity3876 of > or =20 pg/mL and ANP of > or =50 pg/mL identified @entity1 with mean pulmonary artery pressure of > or =20 mmHg with a sensitivity of 82% and 97%, respectively, and a specificity of 89% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Plasma @entity3876 and ANP reflect pressure and volume loads to the pulmonary artery and right ventricle and may help to identify @entity1 with @entity1757 complicated by @entity120 that demands early intervention.

title: Clinical implication of plasma natriuretic peptides in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vascular disease']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery appears to be an underutilized treatment option for @entity788 . Nihilistic physician attitudes may be partly responsible. The study objectives were to analyze physician attitudes towards this disease and determine treatment patterns and outcomes including rates of surgical referral. METHODS: A survey was administered to 420 physicians in Manitoba to document general knowledge and attitudes. Population based administrative data was accessed for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity788 between 2004 and 2006 to examine treatment patterns and outcomes. RESULTS: 181 physicians responded to the survey. Most (73%) believed that surgical resection was worthwhile. Of the 413 Manitobans diagnosed with @entity788 , only 11% underwent an attempt at surgical resection. There were 124 @entity1 with stage I or II disease (i.e. potentially resectable), 85 of these @entity1 received no treatment and 39% were not referred to a surgeon. These @entity1 were older than those referred, but did not have more comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Most physicians were insightfully aware of both the survival benefit and potential risks of surgical resection. However, some did overestimate the surgical mortality and underestimate the associated survival benefit. Although advanced age may justly account for some of the @entity1 not receiving a referral, it is reasonable to assume that nihilistic physician attitudes is contributing to the apparent underutilization of surgery for @entity788 . Efforts should be made to ensure that eligible @entity1 are at least offered surgery as a potential treatment option.

title: Physician attitudes and treatment patterns for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart therapy. CASE SUMMARY: A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to the Department of Endocrinology because of a poorly controlled Type 2 @entity6 . In an attempt to reach a tight blood @entity413 control, an intensive @entity6 management consisting of one evening dose of intermediate-acting NPH insulin and three preprandial doses of short-acting insulin aspart was introduced. Two weeks following insulin aspart introduction the @entity1 developed palpable @entity4125 on distal parts of the upper and lower limbs. Four days after the onset of @entity4125 , a skin biopsy was preformed. Histological examination showed @entity1333 with perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes and erythrocyte extravasation. Direct immunofluorescence was negative. On the day the @entity4125 appeared, insulin aspart was substituted with regular @entity1 insulin. All @entity272 disappeared spontaneously within 8 days. Insulin aspart was not re-administered. DISCUSSION: Other possible causes of @entity1333 in this case were excluded by diagnostic tests. The temporal relationship between the insulin aspart administration and the occurrence of @entity4125 , with no further episodes of @entity272 after discontinuation of the drug, support the hypothesis of an insulin aspart caused @entity1333 . Based on the Naranjo's algorithm, the adverse drug reaction could be considered possible. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of @entity3144 occurring during insulin aspart treatment.

title: @entity3144 associated with insulin aspart in a XXXX with type 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity4125 :: ('MESH:D011693', 'Disease') :: ['purpuric eruptions', 'purpura']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin eruptions', 'skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytoclastic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcome and safety of the totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) from subcostal access in @entity1 with @entity1290 in the upper pole of the kidney. @entity1 AND METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with upper @entity1290 were enrolled in a randomized clinical trial from April 2003 to November 2008. The inclusion criteria were the existence of solely upper pole stones, stone size >1.5   cm, extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy failure or stone in closed calix and diverticulum, and successful subcostal access for reaching the stone. The exclusion criteria were unsuccessful subcostal access, more than two percutaneous accesses, prominent collecting system perforation, intraoperative significant @entity548 , @entity8 . The totally tubeless procedure was performed on 35 @entity1 (group A); another 35 @entity1 (group B) underwent standard PCNL. The incidence of complications, hospital stay, transfusion rate, stone-free rate, and analgesics use as well as return to normal activity were compared during a 1-month study period. RESULTS: The mean stone burden was 2.81 (standard deviation [SD]   =   0.59) in group A vs 2.87 (SD   =   0.62) cm(2) in group B. Hospitalization averaged 1.49 (SD   =   0.7) vs 2.89 (SD   =   0.99) days (P   <   0.001), and the average analgesics use was 8.2 (SD   =   3.59) mg vs 14.3 (SD   =   5.99) mg of @entity1286 , respectively (P   <   0.001). The @entity1 returned to normal activity in 11 (SD   =   4.2) days in group A vs 17.6 (SD   =   4) days in group B (P   <   0.001). Operative time, transfusion rate, complications, re-treatment, and the overall stone-free rate were not different significantly, and no major complication was seen in the study as well. CONCLUSION: Totally tubeless PCNL for the upper @entity1290 from subcostal access is accompanied by decreased hospital stay and analgesics use and a rapid return to normal activity. It can be considered as an accepted and cost-beneficial procedure for upper @entity1290 .

title: Totally tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy for upper XXXX using subcostal access.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction, and renal anomaly']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['pole renal stone', 'renal stone', 'pole renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity1290 :: (MESH:D007669,Disease) :: ['pole renal stone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity70809 on spermatogenesis in the @entity19 model of @entity6660 and its action mechanisms. METHODS: Sixty male @entity19 were randomly divided into 4 groups, Shengjingbao (Group 1), @entity270 (Group 2), blank model control (Group 3) and normal blank control (Group 4). The first three groups were treated by celiac injection of @entity786 for 5 successive days to make models, followed by intragastric administration of Shengjingbao and @entity270 to Group I and 2, respectively, for 36 days. And then all the @entity19 were sacrificed. The serum @entity251 (T) level was determined by radioimmunology, and a suspension was made from the testis and epididymis of one side for sperm analysis, while the testis of the other side was sliced up and stained by HE method and TUNEL technique to detect the count of Leydig cells, the layers of @entity29743 and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. RESULTS: Compared with Group 3, the serum T level, the layers of @entity29743 and the count of Leydig cells were obviously improved and even exceeded those in Group 2. The positive expression rate of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in Group 1 was evidently lower than Group 2 and 3. The above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but no significant difference was noted between Group 1 and 4. CONCLUSION: Shengjingbao can significantly increase the count of Leydig cells, elevate the T level that influences the layers of @entity29743 , and thus enhance spermatogenesis. The action mechanisms of Shengjingbao may lie in its capacity of inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, increasing the layers of @entity29743 and facilitating spermatogenesis. T may play a role in inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

title: [Facilitation of Shengjingbao to spermatogenesis in XXXX @entity19 models and its action mechanisms].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity70809 :: ('MESH:C532632', 'Chemical') :: ['Shengjingbao']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity29743 :: ('OMIM:108420', 'Disease') :: ['spermatogenic epithelia']

entities_list: @entity6660 :: ('MESH:D009845', 'Disease') :: ['oligospermia']

answer: @entity6660 :: (MESH:D009845,Disease) :: ['oligospermia']


abstract: Non-Herlitz @entity3202 (nH-JEB) is caused predominantly by mutations leading to premature stop codons on both alleles of the type XVII collagen gene ( @entity5858 ). The analysis of mutations in this gene has provided a means of correlating genotype with phenotype of nH-JEB @entity1 . The phenotype of nH-JEB is characterized by generalized blistering of skin and mucous membranes with @entity2318 and @entity5806 . @entity1665 is a distinct feature of nH-JEB @entity1 , but one that is not associated with the severity of the disease at other sites. @entity2193 and pitting of the teeth are also characteristic for nH-JEB and can be used to facilitate the correct diagnosis in @entity1 with a blistering @entity272 . Analysis of the biological consequences of mutations in the @entity5858 gene has shown that most @entity1 lack type XVII collagen mRNA due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. @entity1 with these mutations can therefore be a target for corrective gene therapy using vectors coding for full-length type XVII collagen. Proof of principle for this approach has recently been demonstrated. The analysis of naturally occurring phenomena of gene correction in the @entity5858 gene provides evidence for other mechanisms of gene correction in @entity74 . For example, exclusion of an exon carrying a mutation can lead to a milder phenotype of nH-JEB than predicted by the original mutation. In addition, we have gained data suggesting that @entity5858 exons harbouring pathogenic mutations can also be repaired by trans-splicing, i.e. aligning corrected RNA sequences to introns in the vicinity of faulty exons in the @entity5858 premtRNA.

title: Type XVII collagen gene mutations in XXXX and prospects for gene therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1665 :: ('MESH:D000505', 'Disease') :: ['Atrophic alopecia']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic scarring']

entities_list: @entity5806 :: ('MESH:D009260', 'Disease') :: ['nail dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['junctional epidermolysis bullosa']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['Enamel hypoplasia']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['junctional epidermolysis bullosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has been used to decrease @entity548 in a number of settings including @entity447 , liver transplantation, intractable @entity548 , and @entity82 . Experience in the @entity130 setting is limited. This study was performed to determine whether rFVIIa would reduce @entity548 after a grade V @entity99 in hypothermic, dilutionally coagulopathic @entity1707 when used as an adjunct to abdominal packing and to determine whether increasing the dose of the drug increased its hemostatic efficacy. METHODS: Thirty animals were randomized to receive 180 microg/kg of rFVIIa, 720 microg/kg of rFVIIa, or vehicle buffer control. After laparotomy and splenectomy, animals underwent a 60% blood volume isovolemic exchange transfusion with 5% @entity1 albumin. The animals' temperature was maintained at 33 degrees C and a standardized grade V @entity99 was made with a liver clamp. Thirty seconds after injury, the abdomen was packed with laparotomy sponges, resuscitation was initiated, and blinded therapy was given. Animals were resuscitated to their baseline mean arterial pressure and the study was continued for 2 hours. Serial coagulation parameters were measured at the temperature they were drawn. After the study period, surviving animals were killed, posttreatment @entity190 was measured, and an autopsy was performed. RESULTS: Ten animals were randomized to each group. After administration of study drug, factor VII clotting activity (FVII:C) was higher in the 720 microg/kg group than in the 180 microg/kg group (p < 0.01). FVII:C was higher in both treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.01). The mean prothrombin time was shorter in the treatment groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). Mean arterial pressure was lower in the control group than in the treatment groups throughout the study (p < 0.01). Mean @entity190 was less in the treatment groups than in the control group (p = 0.03). Mortality was not different between groups. There were no differences between the groups that received rFVIIa in any measured parameters except for FVII:C. @entity99 were similar between groups and there was no evidence of microthrombosis on lung histology. CONCLUSION: rFVIIa reduces @entity190 in hypothermic, dilutionally coagulopathic @entity1707 with grade V injuries when used as an adjunct to packing. Increasing the dose does not enhance the hemostatic effect.

title: The effect of recombinant factor VIIa on coagulopathic @entity1707 with grade V XXXX .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injuries', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['liver injuries']


abstract: Screening mammography contributes to the improvement of @entity0 survival through early detection and treatment of non-palpable lesions. Microcalcifications are of fundamental importance in this process. The percentage of @entity5 found in biopsies for microcalcifications varies from 10% to 40%. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between clinical and radiologic records and the presence of malignant @entity1558 . To establish the basis for the study, 211 mammographic files showing clustered microcalcifications from 204 @entity1 were prospectively reviewed and clinical records were retrospectively drawn. Definitive pathologic analysis was available for all. The value for @entity5 of each criterion was investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. A first analysis was performed on the entire population and a second one was performed with stratification on morphologic subgroups. There were 99 @entity5 (47%). In the entire group, no clinical criterion was significant. In the univariate analysis, five radiologic variables were significant: morphologic type(p < 0.0001), number of @entity730 per cluster(p < 0.0001), linear or triangular distribution(p < 0.0002), diameter of the area (p < 0.01),and number of clusters (p = 0.011). In the multivariate analysis, two criteria remained significant: morphologic type 4 (irregularly punctiform) or 5 (vermicular) microcalcifications(Le Gal's classification) (p < 0.0001) and diameter of the cluster larger than 25 mm (p = 0.032). In subgroups,in the multivariate analysis, the "age > 60 years" criterion was statistically significant in the group of regular punctiform microcalcifications (type 2); for irregularly punctiform microcalcifications (type 4), "number of microcalcifications > 20" was significant. The morphologic features of microcalcifications must be the first criterion evaluated. They permit identification of characteristically benign (annular @entity730 ) or malignant @entity730 (vermicular @entity730 ). For the remainder of the calcification types, other criteria must be taken into account, and their value vary with (according to) the morphologic aspect. These findings have implications for the management of @entity1 with microcalcifications and could help breast specialists make treatment decisions.

title: XXXX : multivariate analysis of radiologic and clinical factors for carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesions', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast diseases']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast microcalcifications']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6288 , the loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated adversely with disability, morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological findings suggest influences operating across the life course may be important. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining muscle tissue from healthy older @entity1 in order to ultimately identify cellular mechanisms underlying life course influences on @entity6288 . METHODS: 105 @entity1 with documented birth weight consented to detailed assessment of muscle mass and strength, and a biopsy of the vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome. Acceptability was ascertained by questionnaire and a 100 mm @entity158 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). 100 mm indicated severe @entity158 . RESULTS: Muscle biopsy was successfully carried out in 102 out of 105 @entity1 , mean yield 107 mg (range 20-290 mg). There were no serious wound complications. Ninety-three @entity1 completed feedback questionnaires. The median @entity158 VAS score during the procedure was 7 mm (Interquartile range [IQR] 1-34), 4 mm (IQR 0-16) one day after the procedure and 1mm (IQR 0-4) 7 days after the procedure. 60 (65%) @entity1 were back to their normal levels of activity one day after the procedure. 85 (91%) found this procedure acceptable and would have the procedure again. CONCLUSION: Muscle biopsy using a Weil-Blakesley conchotome is both feasible and acceptable in community dwelling older @entity1 participating in epidemiological research. The excellent yield of biopsy tissue will allow morphological and molecular studies of muscle to be integrated into an epidemiological study facilitating investigation of the mechanisms underpinning @entity6288 that could potentially be altered by life course influences.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: findings from the @entity6288 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6288 :: ('MESH:D055948', 'Disease') :: ['Sarcopenia', 'sarcopenia']

answer: @entity6288 :: (MESH:D055948,Disease) :: ['HSS']


abstract: A 30 year old @entity1 admitted with a brain stem @entity1188 presented with intellectual deterioration. A diagnosis of @entity4889 (S.L.E.) was based on the presence of five A.R.A. criteria :photosensitivity, @entity4841 , @entity1431 and @entity882 , false positive syphilitic serology, antinuclear factors on immunofluorescence. A lupus type circulating anticoagulant (L.C.A.) was no longer detected after corticotherapy. This appears to be a case of the "hematologic" form of S.L.E. in which the presence of L.C.A. predisposes towards @entity715 , not only of veins--which is typical--but also of arteries. These may be isolated and reveal the underlying disease as in the present case. The L.C.A. is an antibody possessing antiphospholipid specificity which explains the anticoagulant action in vitro and the thrombogenic effect in vivo. Some authors consider this to be sufficient justification for administration of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents, but corticotherapy may be effective.

title: [Brain stem XXXX , systemic lupus erythematosus and circulating lupus anticoagulant].

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombopenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVES. Vocal fold @entity912 can have a significant impact on a @entity1 's quality of life. The aim of this study was to analyze, in terms of vocal improvement and motility recovery, the post-vocal treatment results of @entity1 with unilateral vocal fold @entity912 (UVFP) who underwent early voice therapy. Study design. A 7 years prospective study of @entity1 with an UVFP who underwent our multidimensional diagnostic-therapeutic assessment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Seventy-four @entity1 with UVFP were included in the study. All @entity1 underwent a voice therapy based on forcible exercises supplemented by manipulations and maneuvers. A pre and post-treatment objective voice evaluation and self-assessment was made. RESULTS: Out of 74 @entity1 with UVFP, 51 (68.9%) recovered vocal fold motility. In 23 (31.1%), UVFP persisted after voice therapy. In this group of @entity1 , a complete glottal closure was seen in 5 before voice therapy and in 13 after; An important and significant (p <0.0001) reduction in fundamental frequency (F(o)) was found; a manifest improvement was seen for the mean values of Jitter (Jitt%; p = 0.001), Shimmer (Shim%; p <0.0001) and noise-to-harmonic ratio (NHR) (p <0.0001). The same statistical comparisons calculated for male @entity1 alone was not significant for Jitt% (0.102), Shim% (0.112) and NHR (0.155), as a result of the reduced number of @entity1 in this group. Voice Handicap Index (VHI) values showed a clear and significant improvement and mean maximum phonation time (MPT) increased significantly. CONCLUSION. Early voice therapy based on an energetic approach, combined with @entity1 co-operation, motivation and understanding through educated participation in the voice restoration process, strengthen the idea that @entity1 with UVFP have a good chance of recovering vocal fold motility or improving their voice quality.

title: The role of early voice therapy in the incidence of motility recovery in unilateral vocal fold XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate both short-term and long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety of @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) and carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) for elderly @entity1 with severe and symptomatic @entity543 . METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials Register Centers, and Google Scholar were comprehensively searched. After identifying relevant randomized controlled trials, methodological quality was assessed by using Cochrane tools of bias assessment. Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan software, and subgroup analyses according to different follow-up periods were also conducted. RESULTS: Sixteen articles of nine randomized controlled trials containing 6,984 @entity1 were included. Compared with CEA, @entity2998 was associated with high risks of @entity64 during periprocedural 30 days (risk ratio [RR]=1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-1.88), 48 months (RR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.11-1.70), and >48 months (RR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.34-2.31). There was no significant difference in the aspects of @entity204 , disabling @entity64 , or @entity204 at any time between the groups. For other periprocedural complications, @entity2998 decreased the risk of @entity583 (RR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.75), @entity129 (RR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.04-0.22) and @entity1410 (RR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.14-0.68) compared with CEA, while it increased the risk of @entity1168 or @entity551 (RR=8.45, 95% CI 2.91-24.58). CONCLUSION: Compared with CEA, @entity2998 reduced @entity1410 , periprocedural @entity583 , and @entity129 , while it was associated with higher risks of both short-term and long-term nondisabling @entity64 . And they seemed to be equivalent in other outcome measures. As regards to its minimal invasion, it should be applied only in specific @entity1 .

title: Efficacy and safety of stenting for elderly @entity1 with severe and symptomatic XXXX : a critical meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenting', 'CAS']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity543 :: (MESH:D016893,Disease) :: ['carotid artery stenosis']


abstract: 21 elbows in 18 @entity1 with @entity309 were treated with a Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. 18 elbows were included in a radiostereometry (RSA) study. The aim of this clinical RSA study was to assess the three-dimensional micromotion pattern of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, and thereby gain insight in the @entity1349 process of this prosthesis. Implants were defined as at risk of @entity1349 when the translation rate during the second postoperative year was more than 0.4 mm along one or more coordinate axes and/or the rate of rotation was more than 1 degrees about one or more coordinate axes. Clinical examination revealed an increase in the range of motion and a marked @entity158 . The RSA showed that 8 of 18 humeral components were at risk of @entity1349 , although no signs of such loosening-defined as a complete radiolucent line of 2 mm or more-were found on the plain radiographs. In 7 humeral components, an anterior tilt about the transverse @entity2270 was seen that resulted in an anterior translation of the proximal tip and a posterior translation of the component's trochlea. Long-term studies of the Souter-Strathclyde prosthesis, have shown that this rotation is a specific pattern of failure in some implants. None of the ulnar components was at risk for @entity1349 . Improvements in fixation of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow arthroplasty should focus on the humeral component. At present, the lateral flange of the implant is enlarged to improve rotational stability about the transverse and longitudinal axes. The effect of this change in design on micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis will be studied in a randomized RSA study comparing the new design to the existing one.

title: Micromotion of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in XXXX with @entity309 21 elbows followed for 2 years.

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: External beam radiotherapy is currently the commonest form of treatment for early @entity5 (T1/2) and @entity1374 is a well recognised complication of this treatment. @entity1375 is a specific @entity922 which in most @entity1 will be recognized and treated. The problems associated with @entity1375 (elevated TSH with normal T4), however, are only now being recognized and their management is to some extent still controversial. The aims of our study are to determine the incidence of clinical and @entity1375 in those who have been treated solely with curative radiotherapy for early @entity5 . We performed a retrospective observational study encompassing all @entity1 who underwent curative radiotherapy for T1/T2 @entity5 between 1998 and 2002. 33 @entity1 were identified (mean 66.85  years, range 48-93). 19 @entity1 had T1 lesions (58%), 14 had T2 lesions (42%) and 27 were N0 (82%). 23 @entity1 were euthyroid post treatment (70%), 2 became @entity1375 (6%) and 8 developed @entity1375 (24%). There was no association between @entity5 stage (p  =  0.97), nodal stage (p  =  0.46) and thyroid status, however, there was an association between increasing age and deteriorating thyroid function (p  =  0.01). Our study showed that of @entity1 with early @entity5 treated solely with curative radiotherapy 24% developed @entity1375 and 6% were @entity1375 (Elevated TSH and reduced T4). We feel @entity1 should receive regular thyroid function testing following completion of treatment and should be adequately counselled on the risk of @entity1374 following radiotherapy at pre-treatment visits.

title: The incidence of XXXX following radiotherapy for early stage carcinoma of the larynx.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'overtly hypothyroid', 'Overt hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'laryngeal cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical disorder']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid dysfunction']


abstract: @entity7051 activation of @entity35 liver plasma membrane @entity1920 cyclase has been examined and compared with the effect of glucagon, Gpp(NH)p and @entity1388 . Glucagon does not stimulate the detergent solubilized enzyme though @entity7051 , @entity1388 , and @entity12831 are effective in this regard. The stimulatory effects of either @entity1388 or @entity7051 are additive with those of @entity3007 and do not require @entity6370 to evoke their activation. Neither @entity1388 nor @entity7051 can substitute for @entity3007 when glucagon is the activator of @entity35 liver adenyl cyclase. The stimulatory effects of either ion on @entity1920 cyclase are additive with that produced by glucagon. Activation of @entity1920 cyclase by either @entity7051 or @entity1388 occurs by a mechanism distinct from that of glucagon or @entity6370 . The data presented her suggest that @entity1388 and @entity7051 may act via in a similar mechanism of action. Neither ion displays a lag in activation of @entity1920 cyclase. The pH profiles of @entity1388 and @entity7051 -stimulated @entity1920 cyclase activity are similar, and distinct from @entity6370 -stimulated activity. Cholera toxin treatment of @entity1920 cyclase blocks @entity1388 and @entity7051 stimulation of the enzyme to the same extent, while enhancing the activation obtained with @entity3007 and hormones.

title: Mechanism of XXXX activation of @entity1920 cyclase.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanyl nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity7051 :: ('MESH:C044659', 'Chemical') :: ['Molybdate', 'molybdate']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity7051 :: (MESH:C044659,Chemical) :: ['molybdate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity120 associated with @entity712 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity1808 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity35 with large @entity583 or sham surgery received the @entity1808 receptor antagonist @entity7056 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity1188 groups developed @entity120 and @entity8158 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity1188 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity120 and @entity8158 were completely normalized by @entity7056 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity1188 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7056 . Lung weight doubled after @entity1188 with no evidence of @entity3126 and was also normalized by @entity7056 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity1188 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity583 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity120 and @entity8158 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity1808 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity583 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and XXXX after @entity583 : complete reversal with @entity7056 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'progressive pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7056 :: ('MESH:C081309', 'Chemical') :: ['irbesartan']

entities_list: @entity8158 :: ('MESH:D017380', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarcts', 'myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficacy and tolerability of M-TIP was evaluated as first-line treatment for @entity1 with poor-risk @entity2971 ( @entity2971 ), according to International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) criteria. @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with poor-risk @entity2971 were treated with M-TIP ( @entity1499 250 mg/m(2) given as a 4-hour infusion with folinic acid rescue on day 1, @entity1311 175 mg/m(2) given as a 3-hour infusion on day 1, followed by @entity1260 1.2 g/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion and @entity900 20 mg/m(2) given as a 2-hour infusion on days 2 to 6) regimen for four cycles. RESULTS: Five (16.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2%-31%) @entity1 achieved clinical complete response (cCR) with chemotherapy only, 15 (50%, 95% CI: 31-69%) @entity1 pathologic complete response (pCR) (11 had @entity39 / @entity82 and 4 had mature @entity44 ) and 3 (10%) @entity1 surgical complete response (sCR) for an overall favorable response of 76.6%. Twenty-one @entity1 are continuously disease-free at a median follow-up of 5.3 years (range 0.9-8.4+ years), resulting in a 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of 66.6% (95% CI = 49%-85%) and a 5-year survival rate of 70% (95% CI = 53%-87%). @entity137 was generally mild except for myelotoxicity. @entity1 with @entity1398 were successfully treated with broad spectrum antibiotics and @entity1261 support. @entity1503 in this trial was ameliorated with the use of @entity1261 . @entity2359 and nephrotoxicity were not a problem, since only 6.6% and 3.3% of @entity1 developed @entity16 and @entity8 , respectively. CONCLUSION: M-TIP is a highly effective (high proportion of @entity1 achieved long-term disease-free status, lack of relapses) and well tolerated regimen for first-line treatment of poor-risk @entity2971 @entity1 . These results have to be compared with the standard @entity12962 chemotherapy or more intensive regimens in multicentre randomized trials.

title: @entity1499 , @entity1311 , @entity1260 , and XXXX in poor-risk nonseminomatous @entity2971 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors', 'GCT']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['Neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Hematologic toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognosis change and prognostic factors of @entity43 in recent over twenty years. METHODS: One hundred and fourty @entity1 with @entity43 were analyzed. They were divided into two groups based on their operation time. 56 @entity1 operated before Jan. 1980 were included in the first group, and the other 84 @entity1 in the second group. Kaplan-Meier survival curves of the two groups were calculated, and Cox model was used to evaluate the prognostic factors of the disease at univariate and multivariate levels using SPSS and SURVCALC software. RESULTS: There was no pathological difference in between the two groups, but the @entity1 in the second group received more aggressive chemotherapy. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 61.2%, 32.1%, and 8.5%, respectively. In the first group they were 42.3%, 29.6% and 4.5% respectively and in the second group 69.3%, 36.2%, and 11.2% respectively. The prognosis of the @entity1 in the second group was better than that in the first group, P < 0.05. Univariate analysis revealed that stage, grade, @entity41 size and chemotherapy were significant predictors of @entity1 ' outcome. COX regression analysis identified that they were all independent prognostic factors. The @entity1 with advanced, low grade, @entity41 (> 2 cm) had poor prognosis. The prognosis of the @entity1 who received equal or more than four, especially six cycles combined chemotherapy was improved. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of the @entity1 with advanced @entity43 has improved in recent over 10 years, higher optimal cytoreductive rate and equal or more than six cycles combined chemotherapy are important measures for the better prognosis of advanced @entity43 .

title: [Prognosis and prognostic factor analysis XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'advanced epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity27 and @entity1560 . We investigated the effects of @entity27 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity28 @entity1 with @entity27 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity792 , or an excessive intake of @entity167 . Serum levels of @entity492 aminotransferase, @entity493 aminotransferase, @entity412 , @entity413 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity1 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity492 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity492 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity493 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity412 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity492 and @entity493 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity28 @entity1 who @entity27 .

title: @entity27 on serum aminotransferase levels in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea syndrome', 'have obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity834 ( @entity834 ) represents a dreaded complication following colorectal surgery, with a prevalence of 1-19 per cent. There remains a lack of consensus regarding factors that may predispose to @entity834 and the relative risks associated with them. The objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature, focusing on the role of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in the development of @entity14 . METHODS: A systematic review was performed to identify adjustable and non-adjustable preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in the pathogenesis of @entity834 . Additionally, a severity grading system was proposed to guide treatment. RESULTS: Of 1707 papers screened, 451 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review. Significant preoperative risk factors were: male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists fitness grade above II, @entity8 , co-morbidity and history of radiotherapy. Tumour-related factors were: distal site, size larger than 3   cm, advanced stage, emergency surgery and metastatic disease. Adjustable risk factors were: smoking, @entity28 , poor nutrition, @entity285 excess, immunosuppressants and bevacizumab. Intraoperative risk factors were: @entity190 /transfusion and duration of surgery more than 4   h. Stomas lessen the consequences but not the prevalence of @entity834 . In the postoperative period, CT is the most commonly used imaging tool, with or without rectal contrast, and a @entity1851 level exceeding 150   mg/l on day 3-5 is the most sensitive biochemical marker. A five-level classification system for @entity834 severity and appropriate management is presented. CONCLUSION: Specific risk factors and their potential correction or indications for stoma were identified. An @entity834 severity score is proposed to aid clinical decision-making.

title: Systematic review of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'Anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal ALs']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal anastomotic leaks']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) is used increasingly to detect @entity21 ( @entity21 ) after @entity131 ( @entity131 ). PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to investigate the changes in the diffusion properties of the corpus callosum in the acute phase and 6 months after @entity131 and to examine the correlation between DTI parameters and clinical outcome. RESEARCH DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: MR-DTI was performed in eight @entity1 with suspected @entity21 within 11 days and at 6 months post-injury. Six controls were also examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA), trace and parallel and perpendicular diffusivity of the corpus callosum were analysed. The main outcome was the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score, assessed at 6 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: A significant reduction in FA in the corpus callosum was seen in the acute phase in @entity1 compared with the healthy controls. There was no significant change in the parallel or perpendicular eigenvalues or trace. At 6 months, a significant reduction in FA and a significant increase in trace and perpendicular eigenvalues were noticed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The diffusion properties of the corpus callosum correlated with clinical outcome in this longitudinal investigation.

title: Longitudinal study of the diffusion tensor imaging properties of the corpus callosum in acute and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3852 is a rare malignant cutaneous @entity5 that is locally invasive and frequently metastasizes to lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone and brain. The incidence of @entity3852 has increased in the past three decades. CASE PRESENTATION: A 65-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presented with a sudden onset of severe @entity10 and a three-month history of balance disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large meningeal @entity3 . The radiologic workup showed retroperitoneal and inguinal lymph node @entity3 . Biopsy of the inguinal lymph nodes showed @entity3852 . Biopsy from three different suspected @entity272 revealed no @entity3852 , and the primary @entity3852 remained unknown. @entity3 , new axillary lymph node @entity3 , and intraspinal (epidural and intradural) @entity3 were detected within six, seven and eight months, respectively, from the start of symptoms despite treating the intracranial @entity3 with gamma knife and the abdominal @entity3 with surgical dissection and external radiotherapy. This indicates the aggressive nature of the disease. CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of an intracranial meningeal @entity3 of @entity3852 treated with gamma knife and of intraspinal intradural @entity3852 . Despite good initial response to radiotherapy, recurrence and occurrence of new @entity3 are common in @entity3852 .

title: Extensive central nervous system XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['metastases of Merkel cell carcinoma', 'site of Merkel cell carcinoma', 'Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases', 'Leptomeningeal metastases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['involvement in Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: The incidence of @entity14 is increasing. Approximately 20% of @entity1 present with untreatable, disseminated disease. The remaining 80% are generally treated by intended curative resection. Unfortunately, about 40% of the Dukes B2 and C @entity1 will develop recurrent disease. Of these @entity1 , about one third will develop hepatic @entity3 , one fifth @entity358 , one fifth @entity1320 , one tenth retroperitoneal @entity3 , and one twentieth anastomotic recurrences. @entity5 @entity1 may have pelvic recurrence rates as high as one third. Unfortunately, only about one fifth of the Dukes B2 and C @entity1 will initially develop recurrences at only one site and are, thus, potentially curable. Indeed, when considering all @entity14 @entity1 , resectable recurrences will be detected in the liver in only 2%, regional recurrences in about 10%, in the lungs in 2%, anastomotic recurrences in less than 1%, and in the ovaries in 1%. In general, long-term survival can be achieved in about 30% of these @entity1 with salvage surgery. The goal of intensive follow-up programs has been to identify these sole site recurrences at an earlier, asymptomatic stage and thereby improve survival. Unfortunately this laudable goal has not been achieved. Intensive (and expensive) follow-up programs consistently achieve long-term survival in 0% to 4% of @entity1 . Reliance on symptoms, however, achieves remarkably similar end results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sensitivity versus cost effectiveness in postoperative follow-up for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal metastases']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Before the advent of antituberculous chemotherapy, thoracoplasty (TPL) was the definitive form of therapy for @entity1907 . This study aimed to characterize the late functional sequelae of TPL, and to establish the degree of reversibility of any consequent @entity1224 . METHODOLOGY: Pulmonary function was studied in 21 long-term (mean 35 years) survivors of TPL between the years 1990-2001. RESULTS: A mixed obstructive/restrictive defect was found in this @entity1 cohort. After inhalation of bronchodilator, marginal increases in FEV(1) and FVC and marginal decreases in FRC, RV and TLC were observed. Maximum mid-expiratory flow rate was severely reduced (28.8% of predicted), but reversibility after inhaled beta(2)-agonist was highest for this parameter of pulmonary function (mean 11%). Smokers had a higher RV (P = 0.04), suggesting hyperinflation, while non-smokers had a larger increase in FEV(1)/FVC ratio postbronchodilator (P = 0.004), suggesting more marked reversibility of @entity1224 in this group. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survivors of TPL have an obstructive as well as a restrictive @entity1576 . These @entity1 have partial reversibility of the obstructive defect. The degree of reversibility found suggests that bronchodilator therapy may help these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in survivors of thoracoplasty: reversibility is greater in non-smokers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory defect']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airways obstruction', 'airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1224 :: (MESH:D000402,Disease) :: ['Airways obstruction']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The primary analysis of this open-label, randomized, multicenter phase 3 study revealed no significant difference in progression-free survival between pemetrexed plus @entity900 followed by maintenance @entity4562 (PC/G) and @entity4562 monotherapy (G) in @entity1 with advanced nonsquamous @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and unknown @entity470 gene ( @entity470 ) mutation status; however, the hazard ratio favored PC/G. This report describes the final @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) results. METHODS: Chemonaive, East Asian light ex-smokers/never-smokers with advanced nonsquamous @entity1149 and unknown @entity470 mutation status were randomized (1:1) to PC/G (n  = 118) or G (n  = 118). @entity470 mutation status was retrospectively determined for 76 @entity1 , 52 (68.4%) of whom had @entity470 -mutated @entity5 (exon 19 deletions in 26 and @entity9512 point mutation in 24). @entity1349 was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01017874). RESULTS: Median @entity1349 was similar in the PC/G (26.9 months) and G (27.9 months) groups (hazard ratio  = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.68-1.31, p  = 0.717). Median @entity1349 was longer with PC/G than with G in @entity1 with @entity470 wild-type @entity5 (28.4 versus 8.9 months) and longer with G than with PC/G in @entity1 with @entity470 -mutated @entity5 (45.7  versus 32.4 months), especially those with exon 19 deletions. Second-line postdiscontinuation therapy was common and included chemotherapy (PC/G, 41 of 118 [34.7%]; G, 73 of 118 [61.9%]) and rechallenge with an @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PC/G, 27 of 118 [22.9%]; G, 9 of 118 [7.6%]). CONCLUSIONS: The progression-free survival and @entity1349 results from this study further demonstrate the importance of determining @entity470 mutation status to select the most appropriate first-line treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: First-Line Pemetrexed plus @entity900 followed by @entity4562 Maintenance Therapy versus @entity4562 Monotherapy in East Asian Never-Smoker XXXX with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Nonsquamous @entity1149 : Final Overall Survival Results from a Randomized Phase 3 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: We have tested the hypothesis that @entity704 can be classified solely on the basis of epithelial cell morphology and that this distinction is prognostically useful. One @entity9075 were classified according to the morphologic resemblance to cortical or medullary thymic epithelium and to the traditional classification (lymphocytic, epithelial, mixed, and spindled). Follow-up data was obtained on 78 @entity1 . Fifty-eight percent of the @entity5 were invasive. Nineteen of the invasive @entity5 relapsed and none of the non-invasive @entity5 relapsed (P less than .0001). Four of nine @entity5 with microscopic invasion through the capsule recurred. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in relapse-free survival for any of the histologic categories. Ninety-four percent of the @entity5 studied were keratin positive and all were chromogranin negative. Carcinoembryonic antigen was negative for all but one cytologically malignant @entity5 ; of the @entity5 75% were epithelial membrane antigen positive, 80% were @entity4755 positive, and 11% were neuron specific enolase positive. Seven of 12 @entity5 tested expressed HLA-DR. There was no correlation between immunoreactivity and classification. The morphologic cortical/medullary distinction is conceptually attractive but appears clinically to be no more advantageous than the traditional classification.

title: Cortical versus medullary XXXX : a useful morphologic distinction?

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['thymomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity9075 :: ('MESH:C536905', 'Disease') :: ['hundred thymic epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity704 :: (MESH:D013945,Disease) :: ['thymomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although, @entity2782 ( @entity281 ) is recognized as a major complication of @entity298 ( @entity298 ) with high risk of @entity393 due to refractory/recurrent @entity298 , there is remarkably little literature about treatment outcomes. International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis guidelines advise the use of one to two antibiotics; in addition, we change standard exit-site care by stopping prophylactic @entity23782 and starting regular use of @entity801 1% cream. METHODS: Retrospective review of outcomes of Pseudomonas @entity281 from January 2012 to March 2015. RESULTS: During the study period, a total of 135 @entity1 were on @entity298 with an overall incidence of any @entity281 of 0.36/ @entity1 -year. There were 14 @entity1 with @entity281 episodes with Pseudomonas with a rate of 0.12/ @entity1 -year. In total, 13 of 14 @entity1 with @entity281 episodes were treated with oral @entity2177 and/or intraperitoneal (IP) @entity801 or @entity5505 , plus topical @entity801 , with a success rate of 38% (5/13). One @entity1 had @entity801 -resistant Pseudomonas species and was treated successfully with topical polymyxin/ @entity3637 cream. Median follow-up time in cured @entity1 was 385 days (range 74-1107). Six @entity1 had associated with @entity298 , four during follow-up and two at initial presentation. Three @entity1 had recurrent @entity281 with Pseudomonas, with one successfully re-treated with topical and IP @entity801 . In total, in only 50% of the @entity1 was Pseudomonas @entity281 successfully treated. Five of the @entity1 (36%) changed modality to permanent haemodialysis following catheter removal. CONCLUSION: Eradication of Pseudomonas @entity281 remains difficult even with the addition of topical @entity801 to the exit site. There should be a low threshold for catheter replacement.

title: @entity2782 : treatment outcomes with topical XXXX in addition to systemic antibiotics.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2782 :: ('MESH:D011552', 'Disease') :: ['Pseudomonas exit-site infection']

entities_list: @entity3637 :: ('MESH:D001414', 'Chemical') :: ['bacitracin']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity23782 :: ('MESH:D016712', 'Chemical') :: ['mupirocin']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['catheter loss']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'Pseudomonas peritonitis', 'infection or peritonitis']

answer: @entity801 :: (MESH:D005839,Chemical) :: ['gentamicin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Comorbid major @entity308 is associated with reduced quality of life and greater use of healthcare resources. A recent randomised trial (SMaRT, Symptom Management Research Trials, Oncology-2) found that a collaborative care treatment programme ( @entity308 Care for @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity33679 ) was highly effective in treating @entity308 in @entity1 with @entity5 . This study aims to estimate the cost-effectiveness of @entity33679 compared with usual care from a health service perspective. METHODS: Costs were estimated using UK national unit cost estimates and health outcomes measured using quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Incremental cost-effectiveness of @entity33679 compared with usual care was calculated and scenario analyses performed to test alternative assumptions on costs and missing data. Uncertainty was characterised using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. The probability of @entity33679 being cost-effective was determined using the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence's (NICE) cost-effectiveness threshold range of   20,000 to   30,000 per QALY gained. RESULTS: @entity33679 cost on average   631 more than usual care per @entity1 , and resulted in a mean gain of 0.066 QALYs, yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of   9549 per QALY. The probability of @entity33679 being cost-effective was 0.9 or greater at cost-effectiveness thresholds above   20,000 per QALY for the base case and scenario analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with usual care, @entity33679 is likely to be cost-effective at the current thresholds used by NICE. This study adds to the weight of evidence that collaborative care treatment models are cost-effective for @entity308 , and provides new evidence regarding their use in specialist medical settings.

title: Cost-effectiveness of integrated collaborative care for comorbid major @entity308 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 (Remsima  , Inflectra  ) is a biosimilar of the infliximab @entity23561 ( @entity23561 ; Remicade  ) and is approved in Europe and elsewhere, mostly for the same indications as @entity23561 . The aim of this study was to compare the 54-week efficacy, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety of CT-P13 with @entity23561 in @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ), with a focus on @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs). METHODS: This was a multinational, double-blind, parallel-group study in @entity1 with active @entity1691 . @entity1 were randomized (1:1) to receive CT-P13 (5  mg/kg) or @entity23561 (5  mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, 6 and then every 8  weeks up to week 54. To assess responses, standardized assessment tools were used with an intention-to-treat analysis of observed data. Anti-drug antibodies (ADAs), PK parameters, and safety outcomes were also assessed. RESULTS: Of 250 randomized @entity1 (n   =   125 per group), 210 (84.0  %) completed 54  weeks of treatment, with similar completion rates between groups. At week 54, Assessment of Spondylo Arthritis international Society (ASAS)20 response, ASAS40 response and ASAS partial remission were comparable between treatment groups. Changes from baseline in PROs such as mean Bath @entity1691 Activity Index (BASDAI; CT-P13   -3.1 versus @entity23561 -2.8), Bath @entity1691 Functional Index (BASFI; -2.9 versus -2.7), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores (9.26 versus 10.13 for physical component summary; 7.30 versus 6.54 for mental component summary) were similar between treatment groups. At 54  weeks, 19.5  % and 23.0  % of @entity1 receiving CT-P13 and @entity23561 , respectively, had ADAs. All observed PK parameters of CT-P13 and @entity23561 , including maximum and minimum serum concentrations, were similar through 54  weeks. The influence of ADAs on PK was similar in the two treatment groups. Most adverse events were mild or moderate in severity. There was no notable difference between treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, @entity281 and infusion-related reactions. CONCLUSIONS: CT-P13 and @entity23561 have highly comparable efficacy (including PROs) and PK up to week 54. Over a 1-year period, CT-P13 was well tolerated and displayed a safety profile comparable to @entity23561 ; no differences in immunogenicity were observed. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01220518 . Registered 4 October 2010.

title: Comparable long-term efficacy, as assessed by XXXX -reported outcomes, safety and pharmacokinetics, of CT-P13 and reference infliximab in @entity1 with @entity1691 : 54-week results from the randomized, parallel-group PLANETAS study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease', 'ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS', 'Ankylosing Spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity23561 :: ('MESH:D053591', 'Disease') :: ['reference product', 'RP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Japan has introduced an acute @entity146 care unit to the public healthcare insurance program, but its requirement of a shorter length of stay could lead to discharges without proper discharge planning. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the implementation of discharge planning and the length of stay of acute @entity146 inpatients in Japan. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included 449 @entity1 discharged from the ' @entity146 emergency ward' of 66 hospitals during a two-week period from March 7 to 20, 2011. The assigned nurse or nursing assistant for each @entity1 provided information on the implementation of discharge planning in the hospital stay. RESULTS: Approximately one quarter of the 449 @entity1 (n  =  122) received no support for coordination with post-discharge community care resources. The 122 @entity1 who had received no support for community care coordination had a significantly lower mean age at admission, a shorter length of stay, and a higher rate of either no follow-up or unidentified post-discharge outpatient service than the other 327 @entity1 . Multilevel linear regression analysis demonstrated a significantly greater length of stay among @entity1 who were older, those who had a primary diagnosis of @entity161 , those who were admitted compulsorily, those who received hospital outpatient services, and those who received community care coordination support from the assigned nurse or nursing assistant. The implementation of support for community care coordination did not indicate a significant association with these factors, which have been related to an increased risk of @entity146 readmission. CONCLUSION: @entity1 to whom the assigned nurse or nursing assistant provided support on community care coordination experienced a significantly greater length of hospital stay. The implementation of support for community care coordination did not indicate a significant association with these factors, which have been related to an increased risk of @entity146 readmission. The mental health policy should increase focus on discharge planning in the acute @entity146 setting to enhance a link between @entity146 inpatient care and post-discharge community care resources.

title: Association between length of hospital stay and implementation of discharge planning in acute XXXX inpatients in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['psychiatric']


abstract: Few would argue with the need for long-term follow-up after endovascular repair of @entity1028 . A small risk of reintervention persists and the challenge remains to identify those @entity1 that will require additional procedures to prevent subsequent complications. The ideal follow-up regimen remains elusive. Up until this point, most regimens have consisted of radiologic imaging, with either computed tomography (CT) scans or ultrasonography to identify continued @entity439 perfusion ( @entity1070 ) and document sac dynamics, either shrinkage, growth, or stability. However, @entity439 sac growth or shrinkage serves only as a surrogate measurement for pressurization, and although it is uniformly believed that attachment site @entity1070 require treatment, it remains controversial as to how to determine which type II @entity1070 pressurize an @entity439 sufficiently to require therapy. In response to these difficulties, several manufacturers have developed pressure sensors that can be implanted at the time of the initial repair. They have been shown capable of measuring intrasac pressures that have appropriately responded to reinterventions for @entity1070 . However, are they the answer we are looking for? Are they ready for widespread use? Do they offer a reliable and consistent measure of intrasac pressure that can be trusted to determine the need, or lack of need, for further therapy? Our debaters will try to convince us one way or another.

title: Are intrasac pressure measurements useful after endovascular repair of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Fine-tuning the plasma-membrane permeability to essential nutrients is fundamental to cell growth optimization. Nutritional signals including @entity1568 availability are integrated by the @entity7093 complex which notably regulates arrestin-mediated endocytosis of @entity3689 transporters. @entity3104 is a ubiquitous compound playing key physiological roles in many, if not all, organisms. In @entity375 , it is a preferred @entity1568 source transported by three Mep proteins which are orthologues of the @entity1 Rhesus factors. By combining genetic, kinetic, biochemical and cell microscopy analyses, the current study reveals a novel mechanism enabling @entity7093 to regulate the inherent activity of @entity3104 transport proteins, independently of arrestin-mediated endocytosis, identifying the still functional orphan Amu1/Par32 as a selective regulator intermediate. We show that, under poor @entity1568 supply, the @entity7093 effector kinase' @entity13380 ' promotes phosphorylation of Amu1/Par32 which appears mainly cytosolic while @entity3104 transport proteins are active. Upon preferred @entity1568 supplementation, like @entity3264 or @entity3104 addition, @entity7093 upregulation enables @entity13380 inhibition and Amu1/Par32 dephosphorylation. In these conditions, as in @entity13380 -lacking cells, hypophosphorylated Amu1/Par32 accumulates at the cell surface and mediates the inhibition of specific @entity3104 transport proteins. We show that the integrity of a conserved repeated motif of Amu1/Par32 is required for the interaction with these transport proteins. This study underscores the diversity of strategies enabling @entity7093 - @entity13380 to selectively monitor cell permeability to nutrients by discriminating between transporters to be degraded or transiently inactivated and kept stable at the plasma membrane. This study further identifies the function of Amu1/Par32 in acute control of @entity3104 transport in response to variations in @entity1568 availability.

title: Identification of a Novel Regulatory Mechanism of Nutrient Transport Controlled by XXXX - @entity13380 -Amu1/Par32.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['Ammonium', 'ammonium']

answer: @entity7093 :: (23373,Gene) :: ['TORC1']


abstract: Adiponectin is an adipokine playing an important role in regulating energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. However, the effect of adiponectin on bone metabolism shows contradictory results according to different research studies. In this study femurs were isolated from genetically double-labeled mBSP9.0Luc/b-ACT-EGFP @entity19 and were transplanted into adiponectin knock-out @entity19 or wild type @entity19 to investigate the effect of temporary exposure to @entity851 and metabolism. We found that the growth of bone explants in adiponectin knock-out @entity19 was significantly retarded. Histological analysis, microcomputed tomography analysis, and @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase staining revealed reduced trabecular bone volume, decreased cortical bone, and @entity101 in bone explants in adiponectin knock-out @entity19 . We then found that adiponectin inhibits @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis from RAW264.7 cells and down-regulates @entity5271 -enhanced expressions of osteoclastogenic regulators including @entity25314 , @entity25433 , @entity35364 , and @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase. Adiponectin also increases osteoclast apoptosis and decreases survival/proliferation of osteoclast precursor cells. Using siRNA specifically targeting @entity72918 , the first identified adaptor protein of adiponectin signaling, we found that the inhibitory effect of adiponectin on osteoclasts was induced by @entity72918 -mediated down-regulation of @entity1994 activity. In addition, overexpression of @entity1994 successfully reversed adiponectin-induced inhibition in @entity5271 -stimulated osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, adiponectin is important in maintaining the balance of energy metabolism, inflammatory responses, and bone formation.

title: Adiponectin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption via XXXX -mediated suppression of @entity1994 .

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['adiponectin deficiency on bone growth']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased osteoclast number']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

answer: @entity72918 :: (72993(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['APPL1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To phenotype a family with RHO ( @entity71515 or @entity71515 ) @entity74 ( @entity6391 ) and to describe an approach to surveying affected families. METHODS: Four @entity1 from a family with a history of autosomal dominant @entity6391 had complete clinical examinations and underwent full-field electroretinography (ERG), fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging, and genetic testing. One @entity1 had microperimetry (MP) mapping. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' ages ranged from 6 years to 47 years. The proband, the father, had fundoscopic findings typical of @entity6391 . A small hyperfluorescent ring centered at the fovea was apparent on AF. MP showed preservation of central 7 degrees of visual field within this ring. The three @entity1 were all asymptomatic with visual acuity of 20/15 in each eye. One @entity1 had mild retinal pigment epithelium migration on fundoscopy; the other two @entity1 had normal fundoscopic examinations. Two @entity1 showed increased parafoveal AF. In the two affected @entity1 , average ERG b-wave implicit times were delayed in scotopic conditions, and maximal ERG tracings had abnormal waveforms. Genetic analysis confirmed that two of three asymptomatic @entity1 carried the @entity71515 allele. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with RHO ( @entity71515 ) @entity6391 ( @entity6391 ) can show classic signs of @entity6391 on fundus examination and may be able to maintain good central visual acuity into adulthood. By combining clinical examination with AF imaging and electrophysiology, it is possible to offer presymptomatic clinical evaluation to families with this @entity6391 .

title: Phenotype-genotype correlations in XXXX caused by RHO, @entity71515 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dominantly inherited retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['adRP', 'autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: Excepting splenomegaly related to @entity101 , splenic complications observed during the course of chronic @entity788 are uncommon. These may include @entity39 , @entity9007 and @entity9440 . Spontaneous @entity397 is one of the least common events, a total of 29 cases being reported thus far. We present herein 4 new cases, and previously documented cases were reviewed. In our cases, the @entity9440 occurred in young male @entity1 . This complication revealed the @entity660 in one case while in the others, it occurred on the average 7 months after the symptomatic onset of @entity660 . This suggests that this complication occurs early in the natural history of chronic @entity788 . The mechanism of the @entity75 remains unclear, the different causes advanced, mechanic, enzymatic or vascular, are discussed. None of our @entity1 had minimal @entity130 emphasizing the spontaneous character of @entity397 . Diagnosis was a surgical discovery except in one case in which selective arteriography was of most valuable aid in confirming diagnosis preoperatively. Treatment was simple splenectomy in 2 cases and associated with distal pancreatectomy in the 2 other cases. Recovery was uneventful. A corporal @entity9007 was treated at the same time.

title: [Spontaneous @entity397 in chronic XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['segmental portal hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['splenic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['splenic lesion']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'rupture of the spleen']

entities_list: @entity9007 :: ('MESH:D010192', 'Disease') :: ['intrasplenic pseudocysts', 'pancreatic pseudocyst']

entities_list: @entity9440 :: ('MESH:D013161', 'Disease') :: ['splenic rupture']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: @entity2819 concentration and the immune cell composition were measured in @entity35 exposed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to different doses (10-500 mg kg(-1)) of @entity43963 (Ace) and 250 micro g kg(-1) of interleukin 1 (IL-1), either alone or in combination. Two different combination protocols were used: IL-1 and Ace were administered simultaneously; and IL-1 was injected 60 min after Ace administration (sequential exposure). Ace, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, inhibited blood and brain acetylcholinesterase ( @entity4833 ) activities, increased blood @entity2819 concentrations, suppressed blood @entity11264 , CD8, B cell and monocyte contents and increased blood neutrophil counts. The Ace-induced changes lasted for up to 24 h after Ace exposure. Interleukin 1 increased blood @entity2819 concentrations without affecting blood or brain @entity4833 activities. The IL-1-induced @entity2819 concentration returned to the basal level within 3-10 h after IL-1 exposure. The @entity11264 , CD8, B cell and monocyte counts increased significantly at 10 min after IL-1 exposure. The cell counts decreased gradually thereafter and returned to the basal level within 30 min after IL-1 exposure. Simultaneous exposure of @entity35 to Ace and IL-1 partially suppressed the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell counts and decreased the immune cell numbers below the basal values. Sequential injection of Ace and IL-1 blocked the IL-1-induced increase in the immune cell numbers. Thus, Ace exposure would impair the normal distribution of immune cells and deregulate the IL-1 response in @entity35 . This study therefore suggests that Ace would suppress the immune cell numbers in blood, thus decreasing an organism's immunity. Ace exposure occurring concurrent with injury would augment the acute-phase response, which would augment the toxic effects of IL-1 and other cytokines, and Ace exposure occurring @entity130 would suppress or abolish the initial stimulatory effects of IL-1, which would decrease an organism's ability to combat @entity130 .

title: Immunotoxicity of acute XXXX exposure in control or IL-1-challenged @entity35 : correlation between the immune cell composition and corticosteroid concentration in blood.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['infection or injury', 'prior to the injury']

answer: @entity43963 :: (MESH:C001969,Chemical) :: ['acephate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of pretreatment @entity1486 , Gleason score, and clinical stage as predictors of the risk of seminal vesicle involvement in @entity1 with clinically localized @entity263 , and to determine the impact of excluding the seminal vesicles on the dose received by surrounding normal tissues. METHODS AND MATERIALS: An empirically derived equation combining the preoperative @entity1486 and Gleason score was applied to 188 @entity1 treated with radical prostatectomy, for whom pathologic evaluation of the seminal vesicles was available. High and low risk groups for seminal vesicle involvement were defined using this equation. The observed risks of seminal vesicle involvement was compared to the predicted risk using the preoperative @entity1486 , Gleason score or clinical stage alone or using the empirical equation. Dose-volume histograms for five @entity1 treated using six-field conformal radiotherapy were compared including and excluding the seminal vesicles. RESULTS: Using the empirically derived equation, a low risk group of 109 @entity1 was identified with a calculated risk of seminal vesicle involvement of < or = 13% and an observed incidence of 7.3%. Among the high risk group of 79 @entity1 , which included all @entity1 with a calculated risk > 13%, 37% had seminal vesicle involvement (p < 0.001 low vs. high risk). Twenty percent of the rectal volume received on average above 86% of the total dose for the five plans which included the seminal vesicles compared to 68% for the five plans excluding the seminal vesicles. The doses to 40% of the rectal volume were 64% and 37% if the seminal vesicles were included and excluded, respectively. The dose to the bladder and femoral heads was also decreased but to a lesser extent. CONCLUSION: The empirical formula predicts risk of seminal vesicle involvement with a higher degree of significance for a larger number of @entity1 than either Gleason score, clinical stage, or @entity1486 alone. Based on an analysis of our first 100 @entity1 treated with definitive conformal therapy alone, approximately 47% of those @entity1 could have been treated excluding the seminal vesicles. Excluding the seminal vesicles may allow us to go to a higher total dose with less @entity137 .

title: Indications for and the significance of seminal vesicle irradiation during 3D conformal radiotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['rectal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biomaterial-implants are frequently used to restore function and form of @entity1 anatomy. However, the presence of implanted biomaterials dramatically elevates @entity281 risk. @entity2121 , @entity4500 placed in a bacteria-laden milieu experience moderate failure-rates, due to @entity281 (0.0-1.1  %), similar to the ones of joint-arthroplasties placed in a near-sterile environment (0.1-1.3  %). Transcutaneous bone-fixation pins breach the immune-barrier of the epidermis, exposing underlying sterile-tissue to an unsterile external environment. In contrast to @entity4500 , also placed in a highly unsterile environment, these pins give rise to relatively high @entity177 -rates of up to 23.0  %. Herein, we attempt to identify causes as to why @entity4500 so often succeed, where others fail. The major part of all implants considered are metal-made, with similar surface-finishes. Material choice was therefore discarded as underlying the paradox. Antimicrobial activity of saliva has also been suggested as a cause for the success of @entity4500 , but was discarded because saliva is the implant-site-fluid from which viable bacteria adhere. Crevicular fluid was discarded as it is largely analogous to serum. Instead, we attribute the relative success of @entity4500 to (1) ability of oral tissues to heal rapidly in the continuous presence of commensal bacteria and opportunistic pathogens, and (2) tolerance of the oral immune-system. Inability of local tissue to adhere, spread and grow in presence of bacteria and an intolerant immune-system are identified as the likely main causes explaining the susceptibility of other implants to @entity177 . In conclusion, it is the authors' belief that new anti- @entity281 strategies for a wide range of biomaterial-implants may be derived from the relative success of @entity4500 .

title: The XXXX paradox: why do some succeed when others fail? Opinion and discussion paper.

entities_list: @entity2121 :: ('MESH:D019320', 'Disease') :: ['Paradoxically']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['infection-associated failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4500 :: ('MESH:D014071', 'Disease') :: ['dental-implants']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['implant infection']