abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a crucial mechanism in @entity189 progression, describes the process whereby epithelial cells lose their apico-basal polarity and junctional complexes and acquire a mesenchymal-like morphology. Several markers are considered to be authentic indicators of an epithelial or mesenchymal status; however, there is currently no comprehensive or systematic method with which to determine their functional relevance. Previously, we identified a 33-gene EMT signature comprising 25 epithelial and 6 mesenchymal genes that best describe this concept of the EMT spectrum. Here, we designed small-scale siRNA screens targeting these six mesenchymal signature genes ( @entity73110 , @entity73111 , @entity16445 , @entity73112 , @entity2277 , @entity18075 ) to explore their functional relevance and their roles during EMT reversal by @entity9815 ( @entity9815 ) in a mesenchymal-like SKOV3 @entity43 cell line. We found that neither cell proliferation nor @entity137 was affected by silencing any of these genes. SKOV3 cells expressing siRNA against mesenchymal genes ( @entity18075 , @entity73111 , @entity73110 , @entity16445 , and @entity73112 ) showed enhanced colony compaction (reduced inter-nuclear distance). Inductions of @entity5962 expression were only observed in @entity73112 - and @entity18075 -silenced SKOV3 cells. In addition, only @entity73112 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed increased anoikis. Finally, we identified that @entity73112 and @entity18075 were down-regulated in @entity9815 -treated SKOV3 cells and @entity73112 - and @entity18075 -silenced SKOV3 cells showed enhanced @entity9815 -induced up-regulation of @entity5962 . @entity9815 -treated SKOV3 cells also showed colony compaction and decreases in EMT scores both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that @entity73112 and @entity18075 are functionally relevant in EMT reversal. This study thus provides a proof-of-concept for the use of in vitro siRNA screening to explore the EMT-related functions of selected genes and their potential relevance in the discovery of EMT reversing drugs.

title: Functional relevance of a six mesenchymal gene signature in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) reversal by the triple angiokinase inhibitor, XXXX ( @entity9815 ).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity9815 :: ('MESH:C530716', 'Chemical') :: ['nintedanib', 'BIBF1120', 'Nintedanib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity9815 :: (MESH:C530716,Chemical) :: ['nintedanib']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We determine the frequency of @entity1 presenting without a primary complaint of @entity662 who are admitted with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and identify factors associated with an increased risk of a presentation without @entity662 . METHODS: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study over a 5-year period (July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1998) of @entity1 presenting to a large urban, public hospital emergency department who were admitted and determined to have an @entity583 based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, coding and chart review. Main outcome measures were prevalence of presentation without @entity662 and prevalence of other predefined presentations (ie, @entity1353 , @entity1167 , @entity490 , @entity1296 / @entity425 / @entity1163 ) as determined by the primary chief complaint entered on arrival at the @entity2613 . We calculated univariate relative risks and multivariate odds ratios (ORs) for presentation without @entity662 in @entity1 , nonwhite ethnic groups, and older age groups. RESULTS: Of the 721 cases of diagnosed @entity583 , 53% (380; 95% confidence interval [CI] 49% to 56%) of @entity1 presented with @entity662 . The frequency of other complaints were @entity1353 , 17% (121); @entity1167 , 7% (50); @entity1296 / @entity425 / @entity1163 , 4% (32); @entity490 , 2% (14); and other, 17% (124). The risk of a presentation without @entity662 in a @entity1 with @entity583 increased with age. The characteristic with the highest risk for a presentation without @entity662 in @entity1 with @entity583 was age older than 84 years old (multivariate OR 5.76; 95% CI 3.06 to 10.83). @entity1 were more likely than @entity1 to present without @entity662 (multivariate OR 1.59; 95% CI 1.11 to 2.28). CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that @entity1 with @entity583 commonly present to the @entity2613 without a primary initial complaint of @entity662 and that the frequency of initial presentations without @entity662 in our urban, public hospital is as high or higher than that reported in the general @entity2613 population. Heightened awareness of atypical presentations may affect assessment of @entity1 with @entity583 and provide further focus for research into presentations of @entity1187 other than @entity662 .

title: Presenting complaint among @entity1 with XXXX who present to an urban, public hospital emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The first objective of this paper is to report the clinical symptoms of 77 @entity1 and the results of their neurologic, vestibular, and audiological evaluations done with magnetic resonance imaging, which confirmed @entity1645 . The second objective is to report how the results of a vestibular evaluation can help neurosurgeons decide on the need for surgical treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 77 @entity1 seen between 1988 and 2000. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity1 : The clinical data of @entity1 under diagnoses of @entity1645 , which was filed in the vestibular laboratory computer, was analyzed. INTERVENTION: The cases included in this study were derived from a population of @entity1 who were evaluated for @entity1296 , @entity393 , and @entity392 in the Torok Vestibular Laboratory. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Occurrence of central vestibular findings in the @entity1 with @entity1645 . RESULTS: In this group of 77 @entity1 , 10 had bilateral @entity1274 and 22 had unilateral @entity1274 of varying severities. Horizontal spontaneous nystagmus was noted in 27 @entity1 , vertical @entity346 in 3, and downbeat nystagmus in 4 others. Saccadic dysmetria was noted in 4 @entity1 , @entity346 was impaired in 3, and smooth-pursuit impairment was noted in 12 of the group. Positional nystagmus was noted in 9 @entity1 . The Torok monothermal caloric test showed normal responses in 19 @entity1 , hyperactive responses in 43, decruitment in 45, and rebound caloric nystagmus in 20. Surgical decompression of the @entity1645 was completed in 33 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: From this study it is clear that the results of the basic vestibular function-test battery reflect the functional deficit in the vestibulocerebellum that is presumed by its ectopic position. These tests results have given our neurosurgeons a stronger foundation on which to base surgical decisions for this disease.

title: The XXXX and the neurotologist.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari I malformations', 'Chiari I malformation']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['optokinetic nystagmus', 'upbeat nystagmus']

answer: @entity1645 :: (MESH:D001139,Disease) :: ['Chiari I malformation']


abstract: Lateral column lengthening of the @entity8546 has been a powerful tool used to correct peritalar subluxation in symptomatic flat feet. The mechanical basis and limits for correction with this procedure are not well understood. A flatfoot model was created on 8 fresh-frozen cadaver feet by sectioning the deltoid ligament, talonavicular capsule, and spring ligament. Strain-gauge analysis of the long plantar ligament was performed (on 6 specimens) as the lateral column was sequentially lengthened from 4 to 12 mm in 2-mm increments. Results showed that only the lateral most one-third of the long plantar ligament measured positive strain during this procedure. The medial two-thirds of the long plantar ligament and plantar fascia decreased in @entity2701 and became fully lax during lengthening. Maximum @entity2701 in the long plantar ligament was measured after placing grafts 6 mm in thickness (P <.05). Larger grafts produced additional strain in the ligament, but were not significant. The authors conclude that grafts >6 mm have no additional corrective capacity without compromising the long plantar ligament. Either larger graft size or loss of the long plantar ligament could compromise the intrinsic stability of the lateral column of the foot. These findings may decrease the incidence of complications with this procedure, specifically lateral column @entity158 , instability, and calcaneocuboid @entity4040 .

title: Biomechanical consequences of lateral column lengthening of the XXXX : Part I. Long plantar ligament strain.

entities_list: @entity8546 :: ('MESH:C566069', 'Disease') :: ['calcaneus']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

answer: @entity8546 :: (MESH:C566069,Disease) :: ['calcaneus']


abstract: Our research concerned the impact of chemotherapy on the haematological and biochemical profiles of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1503 and receiving treatment in Abidjan. The study covered 57 @entity1 , 26 of whom were receiving treatment. @entity2109 was the most common type of malignant @entity1503 encountered (33%). The proportion of @entity1 was slightly higher, at 54%, and the average age of @entity1 was 26. Hyperleucocytosis, @entity417 and medullar blastosis were the most common @entity3459 . The @entity5 arising from hyperleucocytosis and medullar blastosis caused increases in proteins from inflammatory reaction. The increase was moderate for alpha 1 globulins and haptoglobin and high (at least twice the reference levels) for @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) and orosomucoid. Full remission was only achieved in the cases of @entity2109 , in which the haematological and biochemical parameters reached near-normal levels following treatment. In cases of @entity1860 the treatment lowered the hyperleucocytosis but the high rate of @entity1851 might indicate that the disease was reaching a more acute phase. In the cases of acute @entity1778 , chemotherapy did not achieve full remission: the alpha 1 globulins, including orosomucoids, were the most sensitive proteins to treatment. Even though the rate of @entity1851 was lowered, it remained high in all cases of acute @entity1778 . Neither haematological nor biochemical data proved superior to the other in monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment or the gradual return of the disease. It would be beneficial to combine them in order to obtain a clearer assessment of the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

title: [The impact of chemotherapy on haematological and biochemical profiles during XXXX in Abidjan, C  te d'Ivoire].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity2109 :: ('MESH:D002051', 'Disease') :: ["Burkitt's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['blood disorders']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['malignant blood diseases', 'blood disease']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['CRP', 'C Reactive Protein']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['malignant blood diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of a daily home-based facial exercise therapy with a supervised rehabilitation technique for the treatment of postoperative @entity409 in @entity1 undergoing conventional superficial parotidectomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized trial, controlled. SETTING: Surgery and Rehabilitation Units, university hospital. SUBJECTS: Consecutive @entity1 (n=79, mean age 48 years) who underwent superficial parotidectomy with @entity2103 were randomly divided into two groups. INTERVENTION: Control group (CG) were given a daily homework manual to perform ordinary postoperative facial mimic exercises autonomously in front of the mirror at home. Experimental group (EG) @entity1 with moderate-severe paresis received supervised rehabilitation therapy that consisted in weekly sessions with facial exercises and massages and performed daily facial exercises at home. EG @entity1 with slight paresis were instructed to undertake self-massage and mirror exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity86 of facial nerve and branches was quantified measuring the prevalence, magnitude and duration of paresis by the House-Brackmann Facial Nerve Grading System up to 12(th) months. RESULTS: Facial paresis incidence at 1(st) week was 77.2%, being the marginal-mandibular nerve the most affected (64.5%). No statistically significant differences were found at any time of the study when comparing the frequency, magnitude and duration of paresis between EG and CG and among @entity1 who had presented moderate-severe paresis. In the absence of @entity3816 , complete recovery of facial mobility was observed within 12 months, regardless of treatment group. CONCLUSION: Rehabilitation therapy and mirror facial exercises performed autonomously at home were equally effective for postoperative functional recovery.

title: Effectiveness of XXXX after superficial parotidectomy: A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['facial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve dissection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative nerve injury']

answer: @entity2103 :: (MESH:D005155,Disease) :: ['facial exercise therapy for facial nerve dysfunction']


abstract: One hundred eight-five @entity1 with potentially operable @entity2 were prospectively evaluated by computed tomographic scanning of the mediastinum and upper part of the abdomen. Mediastinal lymph node size was correlated with operative and pathologic findings. There was close agreement between computed tomographic estimate of size and operative measurements. Mediastinal lymph nodes that were larger than 2.0 cm were positive for @entity5 in 69.6%, nodes between 1.1 and 1.9 cm contained metastases in 31.8%, and nodes less than 1.0 cm were positive in only 2.7%. The cell type, T status, and location of the @entity5 did not influence these findings: A node less than 1.0 cm with a T3 lesion had the same probability of being abnormal as with a T1 lesion, although predictably, those @entity1 with @entity5 had a greater likelihood of having nodes larger than 2.0 cm. The presence of @entity55 did not increase the prevalence of enlarged, histologically normal nodes. Asymptomatic adrenal metastases were present in 3.2% of @entity1 with otherwise operable disease and were suggested only by the computed tomographic scan. @entity1 with mediastinal nodes less than 1.0 cm probably do not need preresection mediastinal exploration. Those with nodes larger than 2.0 cm should not be considered unresectable without pathologic confirmation, even in large @entity5 , in view of the 30.4% negativity rate. The computed tomographic scan is useful in depicting and localizing enlarged mediastinal nodes but cannot be used as a substitute for pathologic examination.

title: Prospective computed tomographic scanning in the staging of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T3 and central tumors', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['bronchogenic cancer']


abstract: @entity5555 ( @entity5555 ) is a hallmark of @entity5 cells that facilitates the acquisition of mutations conferring aggressive or drug-resistant phenotypes during @entity5 evolution. @entity1344 ( @entity1344 ) is a form of @entity5555 that involves frequent cytogenetic changes leading to changes in chromosome copy number ( @entity2007 ). While both @entity1344 and @entity2007 are common characteristics of @entity5 cells, their roles in @entity5 initiation and progression are unclear. On the one hand, @entity1344 and @entity2007 are known to provide genetic variation to allow cells to adapt in changing environments such as nutrient fluctuations and @entity519 . @entity1 with constitutive @entity2007 are more susceptible to certain types of @entity5 , suggesting that changes in chromosome copy number could positively contribute to @entity5 evolution. On the other hand, chromosomal imbalances have been observed to have detrimental effects on cellular fitness and might trigger cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Furthermore, @entity19 models for @entity1344 have led to conflicting results. Taken together these findings suggest that the relationship between @entity1344 , @entity2007 and @entity5 is more complex than what was previously anticipated. Here we review what is known about this complex m  nage    trois, discuss recent evidence suggesting that @entity2007 , @entity1344 and @entity5555 together promote a vicious cycle of genome chaos. Lastly, we propose a working hypothesis to reconcile the conflicting observations regarding the role of @entity2007 and @entity1344 in tumorigenesis.

title: Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability in XXXX : a jackpot to chaos.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy', 'aneuploidies']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity5555 :: ('MESH:D042822', 'Disease') :: ['GIN', 'Genomic instability']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['CIN', 'Chromosomal instability']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Pediatric out @entity1 Department (OPD) of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH) from March 2014 to August 2014 to assess the knowledge and practices of the mothers in acute @entity66 in @entity1 under-five years of age regarding use of oral rehydration solution (ORS), @entity219 , other drugs and feeding practices. Four hundred @entity1 under-five years of age having acute @entity294 were included in the study by systematic random sampling. A structured, pretested, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from mothers of @entity1 having @entity66 . ORS was offered by 360(90.00%) of the mothers. Out of which 279(77.50%) used it by their own knowledge. One hundred and ninety-one (53.06%) mothers prepared it correctly, while 169(46.94%) prepared it incorrectly. Of 169, 129(35.83%) mothers used less amount of water, while 40(11.11%) mothers used much amount of water to prepare ORS. Of 360 mothers, 89(24.72%) mixed part of the content of ORS sachet at a time. Of 360 mothers, only 55(15.28%) offered correct amount of ORS after each purging. @entity219 was offered in 142(35.50%) @entity1 . Of 400, only 13(3.25%) mothers used recommended home-based fluid, while 70(17.50%) mothers offered increased amount of fluid to their @entity1 . Drugs other than @entity219 and ORS were used in 247(61.75%) @entity1 . Among drugs, other than @entity219 and ORS, antibiotics was used in 109(44.13%) cases, whereas antiprotozoal in 97(39.27%) cases. Amount of liquid given was more than usual in 70(17.50%) @entity1 , same as usual in 57(14.25%) @entity1 and less than usual in 273(68.25%) @entity1 . Amount of food given was same as usual in 59(14.75%) @entity1 , while less than usual in 341(85.25%) @entity1 . Control of @entity66 programme is successful in introducing ORS at mass level. Great emphasis is needed to educate mothers about preparation and quantity of ORS to be given to @entity1 with @entity66 .

title: Knowledge and practices of mothers on childhood XXXX and its management attended at a tertiary hospital in bangladesh.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoeal diseases']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['diarrhoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the efficacy and safety of adding continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper to intermittent Pringle maneuver in partial hepatectomy for @entity157 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study on data that were prospectively collected and entered into a computer database. A total of 36 @entity1 who underwent partial hepatectomy for @entity397 by adding continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper to intermittent Pringle maneuver at a tertiary care university hospital were compared with a historical case-matched control group of 36 @entity1 who received intermittent Pringle maneuver only. RESULTS: The @entity1 characteristics were comparable for the 2 groups of @entity1 . The mean hepatic artery occlusion time was 58  min (range 36-98  min). Intraoperative @entity190 and blood transfusion rate in the study group were significantly lower than the control group (P  <  .001 and P  =  .004, respectively). There were no significant differences in the postoperative serum @entity492 transaminase and total @entity648 levels (P  =  .087, P  =  .135, respectively), and in the postoperative hospital stay and surgical complications according to Clavien's classification between the two groups (P  =  0.213, P  =  1.000, respectively). The disease-free survival rates in the study group was significantly better than the control group (P  =  .023). Overall, @entity157 @entity1 with @entity397 had poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper to intermittent Pringle maneuver significantly reduced intraoperative @entity190 for partial hepatectomy in @entity1 with @entity397 when compared with intermittent Pringle maneuver alone. The procedure was found to be safe even for @entity1 with @entity1575 .

title: Continuous occlusion of hepatic artery proper for prevention of XXXX in partial hepatectomy for @entity157 : a case-matched comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'ruptured HCC']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC']

answer: @entity190 :: (MESH:D006473,Disease) :: ['blood loss']


abstract: Detection of @entity7853 remains problematic in neonates. Near-infrared spectroscopy, a noninvasive bedside technology has potential, although thresholds for @entity7853 have not been defined. This study determined @entity519 -ischemic thresholds for cerebral @entity26 saturation ( @entity32749 ) in terms of EEG, brain @entity855 , and @entity880 concentrations, and compared these values with CBF and sagittal sinus @entity26 saturation (SVO2). Sixty anesthetized piglets were equipped with near-infrared spectroscopy, EEG, laser-Doppler flowmetry, and a sagittal sinus catheter. After baseline, @entity32749 levels of less than 20%, 20% to 29%, 30% to 39%, 40% to 49%, 50% to 59%, 60% to 79%, or 80% or greater were recorded for 30 minutes of normoxic normocapnia, hypercapnic @entity871 , or bilateral @entity432 with or without arterial @entity519 . Brain @entity855 and @entity880 concentrations were measured biochemically. Logistic and linear regression determined the @entity32749 , CBF, and SVO2 thresholds for abnormal EEG, @entity855 , and @entity880 findings. Baseline @entity32749 was 68 + 5%. The @entity32749 thresholds for increased @entity880 , minor and major EEG change, and decreased @entity855 were 44 +/- 1%, 42 +/- 5%, 37 +/- 1%, and 33 +/- 1%. The @entity32749 correlated linearly with SVO2 (r = 0.98) and CBF (r = 0.89), with corresponding SVO2 thresholds of 23%, 20%, 13%, and 8%, and CBF thresholds (% baseline) of 56%, 52%, 42%, and 36%. Thus, @entity7853 near-infrared spectroscopy thresholds for functional impairment are @entity32749 33% to 44%, a range that is well below baseline @entity32749 of 68%, suggesting a buffer between normal and dysfunction that also exists for CBF and SVO2.

title: Near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral @entity26 saturation thresholds for XXXX -ischemia in piglets.

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7853 :: ('MESH:D020925', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral hypoxia-ischemia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Increasing evidence exists that cerebral gray matter (GM) from @entity1 with @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is not spared. This study was performed to quantify in vivo the extent of cerebral GM pathologic abnormality in @entity1 with relapsing-remitting (RR), secondary progressive (SP), and primary progressive @entity15 , by using diffusion tensor (DT) MR imaging. METHODS: Dual-echo and DT MR imaging of the brain were performed in 102 @entity1 with @entity15 and 30 healthy volunteers. After GM segmentation using a technique based on diffusion anisotropy thresholding, average diffusivity (D) histograms of the cerebral GM were produced for all @entity1 . RESULTS: All D histogram-derived metrics of the GM were significantly different between control volunteers and the whole @entity15 population. No significant difference was found for any of the D histogram-derived metrics between control volunteers and @entity1 with RRMS, whereas significant differences were found for D and D histogram peak location between control volunteers and @entity1 with PPMS. All the D histogram-derived metrics differed significantly between @entity1 with RRMS and @entity1 with SPMS. @entity1 with SPMS also had significantly lower D than did @entity1 with PPMS. All D histogram-derived metrics of the GM were strongly correlated with the T2 lesion volume. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the presence of brain GM changes in @entity1 with @entity15 . It also shows that the extent of such changes is greater during the progressive forms of the disease.

title: Quantification of brain gray matter damage in different XXXX phenotypes by use of diffusion tensor MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: RhoE, a @entity16092 , is constitutively @entity3007 bound within the cell and can regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization, leading to the appearance of aggregates of actin filaments. Although emerging evidence suggests that RhoE is causally involved in @entity5 formation and progression, little is known about its significance in solid @entity5 , including @entity2 . In the present study, the expression of RhoE was analyzed using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot in 30 @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). Then the correlation of RhoE overexpression with clinical parameters was evaluated. Furthermore, the possible reasons contributing to the RhoE expression were examined by real-time genomic PCR and mutation analysis on DNA sequence and cDNA sequence. Our results revealed that RhoE expression was dramatically @entity2 tissues compared with adjacent nontumoral lung tissues (p <0.01). Immunohistochemistry showed a strong cytoplasmic staining in @entity5 cells compared with positive membrane staining in adjacent nontumoral proliferative alveolar epitheliums. Moreover, the overexpression of RhoE was significantly associated with the @entity1 ' smoking history (p <0.05). 72% @entity5 tissues displayed DNA copy number changes based on the DNA levels in the matched adjacent nontumoral lung tissues and this copy number changes correlated significantly with RhoE expression and smoking history (p <0.05). Three polymorphisms were identified but no correlation was found with the clinicopathological features. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that overexpression of RhoE correlated with smoking and DNA copy number changes, suggesting that RhoE may serve as a molecular marker to identify high-risk individuals and assist in the identification of additional pathways of @entity105 .

title: Overexpression of RhoE in @entity1149 ( XXXX ) is associated with smoking and correlates with DNA copy number changes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['increased in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Insulin resistance is a cardinal feature of type 2 @entity6 and is characteristic of a wide range of other clinical and experimental settings. Little is known about why insulin resistance occurs in so many contexts. Do the various insults that trigger insulin resistance act through a common mechanism? Or, as has been suggested, do they use distinct cellular pathways? Here we report a genomic analysis of two cellular models of insulin resistance, one induced by treatment with the cytokine @entity5 - @entity39 factor-alpha and the other with the glucocorticoid @entity619 . Gene expression analysis suggests that reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels are increased in both models, and we confirmed this through measures of cellular redox state. ROS have previously been proposed to be involved in insulin resistance, although evidence for a causal role has been scant. We tested this hypothesis in cell culture using six treatments designed to alter ROS levels, including two small molecules and four transgenes; all ameliorated insulin resistance to varying degrees. One of these treatments was tested in @entity28 , insulin-resistant @entity19 and was shown to improve insulin sensitivity and @entity413 homeostasis. Together, our findings suggest that increased ROS levels are an important trigger for insulin resistance in numerous settings.

title: Reactive XXXX species have a causal role in multiple forms of insulin resistance.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Precursors of activated killer (AK) cells cytotoxic for @entity1 noncultured metastatic melanoma and @entity694 were characterized. These cells required 3 days incubation with recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) and DNA synthesis for the induction of AK activity. Both negative and positive cell purification methods were used to identify the subpopulation of cells containing AK precursors. By complement-mediated cell depletion studies, AK precursors were largely present in the Leu-11+ fraction, and to a much lesser extent in the @entity4755 + and Leu-2a+ fractions; they were absent in Leu-3a+ and Leu-4+ cells. Lymphocyte subpopulations were then purified with a cell sorter to positively select for the subset containing AK precursors. Leu-11+ cells had the highest level of AK activity and proliferative response when cultured for 3 days with @entity5041 as well as the highest level of NK activity before culture. @entity4755 + cells had neither AK activity nor a proliferative response when cultured with @entity5041 , although they still possessed high NK activity. The same levels of AK and NK activity were found in Leu-2a+ and Leu-2a- fractions, but both activities were absent among Leu-4+ and Leu-3a+ cells. Further fractionation with a two-step sorting technique showed that the highest AK activity resided in the @entity4755 -Leu-11+ cell fraction. Morphologically, this subfraction was granular lymphocytes. Titration experiments or @entity5041 -responsive cells showed that the number of cells required to achieve a comparable level of @entity5041 proliferative response were as follows: 35 X 10(3) cells from unseparated PBL, 10 X 10(3) cells from Leu-11+ cells, 3.3 X 10(3) from @entity4755 -Leu-11+ cells, and 640 X 10(3) cells from @entity4755 + cells. These results indicate that the lymphocyte subpopulation that proliferates in the presence of @entity5041 and then develops AK activity was a subpopulation of Leu-11+ granular lymphocytes, which also possessed the highest NK activity. These Leu-11+ cells lacked the antigens defined by the @entity4755 , Leu-3a, or Leu-4 antibodies. Although @entity4755 + cells did not respond to @entity5041 by themselves, they may play a role in the induction of AK activity.

title: Leu-11+ lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) activity are precursors of recombinant @entity1199 ( XXXX )-induced activated killer (AK) cells.

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity5041 :: (116562(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['rIL 2']


abstract: @entity172 receptor (ER) content in @entity0 specimens is correlated with a prolonged disease free survival and increased likelihood of response to hormone therapy. Relatively few anti-ER antibodies are currently available for use in @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. Recently, a new anti-ER monoclonal antibody (ERID5; AMAC, Westbrook, Maine) was generated which requires antigen retrieval by microwave oven heating for detection in routinely processed tissue. The specific aim of this study was to compare the ERID5 antibody with the commercially available rat monoclonal (ER-ICA; Abbott, Chicago, IL) which requires proteolytic enzyme digestion for detection in paraffin-embedded tissue. Sections from 20 cases of primary @entity0 previously assayed by dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) analysis were examined. Quantitation of ER antibody staining was performed without knowledge of the DCC values. Specimens containing > or = 20% specifically stained malignant cells were considered ER positive. The sensitivity and specificity of visual ER-ICA immunostaining were 57% and 83%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of visual ERID5 immunostaining were 93% and 50%, respectively. The predictive value of positive staining was 89% for the ER-ICA antibody and 81% for the ERID5 antibody. The predictive value of negative staining was 45% for the ER-ICA antibody and 75% for the ERID5 antibody. Previous studies have demonstrated a linear correlation between DCC values and the positive nuclear area (PNA) generated by image analysis for ER-ICA immunostaining. In the present study, a similar correlation between DCC value and ERID5 percentage PNA was observed (R = 0.670; P < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of two antibodies for evaluation of XXXX receptors in paraffin-embedded tumors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the use of molding helmet therapy in the treatment of positional @entity91 and posterior positional @entity9283 . Four hundred twenty-eight @entity1 with positional @entity91 or @entity9283 were included in this study. In this group of @entity1 , 132 (32%) were treated with positioning alone. Of the 292 (68%) @entity1 who were treated with molding therapy, 64 (21.9%) were treated for positional @entity91 and 248 (78.1%) were treated for posterior positional @entity9283 . All @entity1 were evaluated by a craniofacial surgeon and a pediatric neurosurgeon. Anthropomorphic measurements were used to assess the efficacy of treatment. Measurements were made before initiation of therapy and at 2-month intervals until the completion of therapy. Results showed that statistically significant improvements (P < 0.01) were seen in all @entity1 treated with molding helmet therapy. Overall, the @entity1 with posterior @entity9283 normalized their head shapes; however, the head shapes of the @entity1 with positional @entity91 did not normalize despite statistically significant improvements in their Cephalic Index. It is concluded that molding helmet therapy is an effective treatment of position-induced @entity135 . Helmet therapy is more effective in @entity1 with posterior positional @entity9283 than in @entity1 with positional @entity91 .

title: Molding helmet therapy in the treatment of @entity91 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['brachycephaly']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head shape abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity9283 :: ('MESH:D059041', 'Disease') :: ['plagiocephaly']

answer: @entity9283 :: (MESH:D059041,Disease) :: ['plagiocephaly']


abstract: SUMMARYThe role of trace elements in @entity779 virulence is not yet known. The present study assessed the serum levels of two micronutrients, @entity920 and @entity68 , in cases of @entity779 . The study involved 96 @entity1 of whom 48 had either severe or non-severe forms of @entity779 (with and without warning signs), and the remaining 48 were @entity1 with other febrile illnesses (OFI), used as controls. Serum levels of @entity920 and @entity68 were evaluated at admission and by the time of defervescence using commercially available kits. At admission, no difference in the level of serum @entity920 was observed between cases and controls. In the group of @entity779 cases, the @entity920 level was found to be significantly decreased in severe and non-severe cases with warning signs, compared to non-severe cases without warning signs. In contrast, by the time of defervescence the @entity920 level was found to be increased in all @entity779 cases compared to OFI controls, but no difference was observed among @entity779 cases. Unlike OFI controls, @entity779 cases showed an increasing pattern of @entity920 levels from admission until defervescence. On the other hand, no such significant differences were observed in the serum level of @entity68 in the clinical groups, except for a decreased @entity68 level found in severe cases, compared to non-severe @entity779 without warning signs. The results show that @entity920 is associated with @entity779 severity and this finding emphasizes the need to investigate the involvement of trace elements in disease severity so as to improve the prognosis of @entity779 .

title: SERUM LEVELS OF @entity920 AND XXXX IN DENGUE FEVER.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue fever', 'dengue']

answer: @entity68 :: (MESH:D007501,Chemical) :: ['IRON']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data describe the prognosis after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for lung metastases arising from @entity14 . Thus, we evaluated treatment outcomes of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for those @entity1 . METHODS: The study involved @entity1 received stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for one to three lung metastases arising from @entity14 at a single institution. A total dose of 40-60  Gy (median, 48  Gy) in three or four fractions was prescribed. RESULTS: A total of 79 metastatic lung lesions from 50 @entity1 who underwent curative resection for their primary @entity14 or salvage treatment at a recurrent site were included. The one- and three-year local control rates were 88.7  % and 70.6  %, respectively. The three-year overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 64.0  % and 24.0  %, respectively. @entity1 with @entity5 volume  <=1.5  mL had a significantly better overall survival rate than those with @entity5 volume >1.5  mL (68.0  % vs. 60.0  % at three-year, p   =   0.02). Local control was associated with a trend towards better survival (p   =   0.06). No @entity358 greater than grade 2 were observed. CONCLUSION: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy is a competitive treatment modality for the management of lung metastases arising from @entity14 .

title: Clinical efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for lung metastases arising from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Microgliosis and astrogliosis are standard pathological features of @entity179 . Microglia are primed by chronic @entity179 such that toll-like receptor agonists, such as @entity558 , drive exaggerated cytokine responses on this background. However, sterile inflammatory insults are more common than direct CNS @entity281 in the degenerating brain and these insults drive robust @entity635 and @entity637 responses. It is unclear whether these pro-inflammatory cytokines can directly induce exaggerated responses in the degenerating brain. We hypothesized that glial cells in the hippocampus of animals with @entity179 ( @entity1579 ) would display exaggerated responses to central cytokine challenges. @entity637 or @entity635 were administered intrahippocampally to ME7-inoculated @entity19 and normal brain homogenate-injected (NBH) controls. Both @entity635 and @entity637 produced much more robust @entity635 synthesis in ME7 than in NBH animals and this occurred exclusively in microglia. However, there was strong nuclear localization of the NFkB subunit @entity1992 in the astrocyte population, associated with marked astrocytic synthesis of the chemokines @entity15891 and @entity1750 in response to both cytokine challenges in ME7 animals. Conversely, very limited expression of these chemokines was apparent in NBH animals similarly challenged. Thus, astrocytes are primed in the degenerating brain to produce exaggerated chemokine responses to acute stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this results in markedly increased neutrophil, T-cell, and monocyte infiltration in the diseased brain. These data have significant implications for acute sterile inflammatory insults such as @entity64 and @entity131 occurring on a background of aging or @entity179 .

title: Astrocytes Are Primed by Chronic Neurodegeneration to Produce Exaggerated Chemokine and Cell Infiltration Responses to Acute Stimulation with the Cytokines @entity635 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['ME7 prion disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'neurodegenerative disease', 'chronic neurodegenerative disease']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF-a']


abstract: Ultrasound investigation of the hip according to @entity20661 is performed, whenever possible, as a routine screening test for @entity572 and @entity3029 in neonates. However, in spite of screening, @entity572 and/or @entity3029 is identified in a number of @entity1 after the third month of life only. The present study presents an analysis of reasons and causes. Between August 1999 and July 2001 @entity1 aged between six months and five years were documented, in whom the diagnosis of @entity572 or @entity3029 was made, despite normal ultrasound findings at primary investigation and who required non operative or operative treatment by a specialist surgeon working in Switzerland in paediatric orthopaedics. The study included 26 @entity1 (17 @entity1 / 9 @entity1 ). @entity572 and/or @entity3029 was diagnosed between the age of 6 days and 41 months. Twelve @entity1 had to be excluded from the sample (n = 26), four were @entity1 who had basic @entity16 or @entity156 and there were eight @entity1 from abroad whose original documentation could not be obtained. Analysis of the remaining 14 @entity1 showed that 43% were misdiagnosed (n = 6) and a treatment error occurred in 36% (n = 5) of cases. One @entity1 presented with a teratogenic @entity572 . In two other @entity1 with normal primary ultrasound findings, @entity572 was identified radiographically once the @entity1 started to walk. Delayed diagnosis can be the result of @entity2246 . The six @entity1 meeting the criteria of misinterpretation can be expressed as a rate of 0.04% of all births. However, even if the disorder is correctly diagnosed, its identification and treatment may be inadequate or fail to produce the desired results. This was the case for five of the @entity1 , that is, for a rate of 0.03% of births.

title: Experiences in diagnosis and treatment of @entity572 and dysplasia in populations screened by the ultrasound method of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients', 'infants', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['technical errors or misinterpretation']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple anomalies']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'Hip dysplasia', 'hip dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation']

answer: @entity20661 :: (23092,Gene) :: ['Graf']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity228 withdrawal (CW) after pediatric kidney transplantation potentially improves growth while avoiding metabolic and other adverse events. We have recently reported the results of a 196 subject randomized controlled trial comparing early CW ( @entity1140 , @entity618 ( @entity2098 ), daclizumab, and corticosteroids until day 4) with @entity1140 , @entity2098 , and @entity228 continuation (CC). At 6 months, CW subjects showed better growth with no adverse impact on acute rejection or graft survival (Am J Transplant 2010; 10: 828-836). This 2-year investigator-driven follow-up study aimed to determine whether improved growth persisted in the longer term. METHODS: Data regarding growth, graft outcomes and adverse events were collected at 1 year (113 @entity1 ) and 2 years (106 @entity1 ) after transplantation. The primary endpoint, longitudinal growth calculated as delta height standard deviation score, was analyzed using a mixed model repeated measures model. RESULTS: @entity228 withdrawal subjects grew better at 1 year (difference in adjusted mean change, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.10, 0.40; P = 0.001). At 2 years, growth remained numerically better in CW subjects (0.20 (-0.01, 0.41); P = 0.06), and significantly better in prepubertal subjects (0.50 (0.16, 0.84); P = 0.004). @entity2348 was significantly more common in CW subjects at 1 year only. @entity228 withdrawal and CC subjects received similar exposure to both @entity1140 and @entity2098 at 1 and 2 years. No significant difference in @entity1 or graft survival, rejection, estimated glomerular filtration rate, or other adverse events was detected. CONCLUSION: Early CW effectively and safely improves growth up to 2 years after transplantation, particularly in prepubertal @entity1 .

title: XXXX -free Kidney Transplantation Improves Growth: 2-Year Follow-up of the TWIST Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid', 'Corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial and viral infection']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity228 :: (CHEBI:50858,Chemical) :: ['Corticosteroid']


abstract: In 38 conscious @entity35 divided into seven groups, acute unilateral @entity177 was induced by 1 hour of @entity432 while the contralateral kidney remained intact. @entity8 was monitored up to 144 hours after @entity63 and revealed a typical course of @entity177 with oligoanuria persisting for more than 48 hours. Urinary osmolality and @entity1372 concentration became plasma isotonic after release of @entity432 and approximated control values on day 6 after @entity63 . In nine @entity35 , the i.v. infusion of @entity1483 before (6 microgram/min/100 g body wt) and after (12 microgram/min/100 g body wt) @entity432 protected the @entity63 kidney from oligoanuria with endogenous @entity1011 clearance of 0.42 +/- 0.11 ml/min/g kidney wt 5 hours after @entity63 . Tubular absorption of @entity1372 and water was at least partially preserved 36 hours after @entity63 when infusion of @entity1483 was stopped. The loop diuretic significantly (P less than 0.01) increased total urinary @entity3009 (PG) E2 excretion before and after @entity432 ; and 5 hours after @entity63 , @entity1421 excretion from the @entity63 kidney significantly exceeded that from the intact kidney (P less than 0.05). @entity3352 (1 mg/100 g body wt) administered in six animals markedly suppressed control @entity1421 excretion (P less than 0.05) as well as the @entity1483 -induced rise in urinary PG excretion before and after @entity63 but did not modify the protective effect of the diuretic in this experimental model. Inhibition of PG synthesis, however, reduced urinary flow rate and @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion of the contralateral intact kidney and almost completely prevented its compensatory rise in @entity1011 clearance. The results indicate that mechanisms other than the intrarenal prostaglandin system must be considered to mediate the protective effects of @entity1483 in acute @entity177 .

title: @entity3009 -independent protection by @entity1483 from oliguric XXXX in conscious @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal excretory function of the left kidney']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oliguric renal failure', 'ischemic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery occlusion', 'complete occlusion of the left renal artery']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['Indomethacin']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['ischemic renal failure']


abstract: Isolated @entity35 hindlimbs were perfused at 37 degrees C and constant physiological pressure (80 +/- 0.5 mmHg) while the flow rate that was allowed to freely self-adjust was monitored. Under these conditions, evidence was obtained for both alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of @entity26 consumption ( @entity4962 ) in contrast to constant-flow perfusion, which has only convincingly shown alpha-adrenergic stimulation of @entity4962 in response to adrenergic agents. Addition of @entity1063 (NE; 1-33 nM) led to an increase in @entity4962 with a maximum of 29% above the basal value at 3.3 nM, even though the flow rate decreased. @entity2647 (3.3-33 nM) and @entity1951 (10-100 pM) also showed similar, but lesser in magnitude, vasoconstriction-associated stimulatory effects on @entity4962 . @entity3159 (an alpha 1-antagonist) completely reversed the NE-mediated decrease in flow rate and significantly blocked the increased @entity4962 . In contrast, @entity3044 (10-1,000 nM) increased both flow rate (30%) and @entity4962 (32%). The @entity3044 -stimulated @entity4962 was not blocked by the beta 1-, beta 2-antagonist @entity1169 (10 microM), although the increased flow was reversed. In the presence of @entity1169 (1 or 10 microM), BRL-35135A (a beta 3-agonist) also stimulated @entity4962 (18%) without significant change in flow rate. These results lend further support to the role of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor in muscle @entity4962 . In addition there is evidence for the presence of a functional @entity18635 as an additional subtype responsible for NE-mediated thermogenesis in the @entity35 hindlimb.

title: Constant-pressure perfusion of XXXX hindlimb shows alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of @entity26 consumption.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['Prazosin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: In the repair of @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta, interruption of aortic flow has usually been accomplished by cardiopulmonary bypass, which has been associated with excessive @entity548 due to the systemic heparinization required. To avoid this problem, the authors have used an external (Gott @entity439 ) shunt, which does not require systemic heparinization. In 50 @entity1 with an @entity439 of the descending thoracic aorta a Gott @entity439 shunt was used as an external bypass. The shunt is a flexible, transparent, @entity2634 tube and its heparin-coated wall prevents clotting. Forty-two (84%) @entity1 survived the operation. Thirty-two @entity1 had surgical repair of a traumatic rupture of the descending aorta; 29 (91%) survived. Of 18 @entity1 operated on for an arteriosclerotic @entity439 or a DeBakey type III dissection 13 (72%) survived. Most of the @entity204 occurred early in the series; among the last 14 @entity1 treated for an arteriosclerotic @entity439 or dissection 13 (93%) survived. @entity451 occurred once (2%) because a shunt was accidentally introduced outside the lumen of the descending aorta and therefore did not function. Another @entity1 with an acutely transected aorta and @entity548 had rapid cross-clamping of the aorta without a shunt but suffered a @entity1167 due to postclamping @entity520 . He was successfully resuscitated. No @entity712 , @entity451 or @entity177 occurred in the 48 @entity1 properly protected with the Gott @entity439 shunt. Regardless of their etiology, thoracic @entity439 are unpredictable and the authors recommend surgical treatment in most @entity1 , using this external bypass technique as a method of organ protection.

title: XXXX of the descending thoracic aorta: treatment with the Gott shunt.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2634 :: ('MESH:D011143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl chloride']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A number of studies showed @entity73 in @entity162 @entity1 but few researches have studied the impact of mood episodes or duration of @entity221 on neuropsychological functioning. METHODS: Cognitive functioning was examined in 110 @entity162 outpatients with different mood state ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed episode and euthymia). The neuropsychological battery included The Visual Search Test, @entity2205 Making Test, Corsi Test, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Cognitive Estimation Task (CET) and Tower of London and it assessed attention, memory and executive/planning functions. Failures in the different cognitive tests were compared between groups using   (2) tests with Bonferroni's corrections. Finally a binary logistic regression was performed in order to find an eventual association between age and duration of @entity221 and CET bizarreness. RESULTS: All the symptomatic @entity1 ( @entity162 , @entity308 , mixed) failed more frequently The Visual Search Test in comparison with euthymics (  (2)=9.882, df=3, p=0.017, phi=0.30; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 32.2%, @entity308 @entity1 30.6%, euthymics 0%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). CET was performed worse by @entity162 and euthymic @entity1 (  (2)=10.086, df=3, p=0.015, phi=0.31; rate of failures: @entity162 @entity1 46.4%, @entity308 @entity1 22.9%, euthymics 52.1%, mixed @entity1 18.2%). Finally, a longer duration of @entity221 was found to be predictive of more bizarreness at CET (OR=1.06, p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar @entity1 present impairment in different cognitive domains even in euthymic phases. @entity75 might be associated with a long duration of @entity221 as shown by number of bizarreness at CET in chronic @entity162 @entity1 .

title: The impact of mood episodes and duration of XXXX on @entity73 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['manic', 'bipolar 1', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['illness']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 , ten of whom had an @entity281 due to @entity4967 -resistant, @entity9102 -sensitive bacteria, were treated with @entity9102 . A full clinical success was obtained in sixteen cases (13 @entity2885 , nine of them due to @entity4967 -resistant, @entity9102 -sensitive @entity526 , two @entity281 and one @entity55 ). Four @entity1 were improved (1 bronchiectasis, 3 @entity1778 ), three were unassessable and one failure occurred with a staphylococcal urinary tract @entity281 . A pharmacokinetic study was performed in three newborns (under three months) and ten @entity1 (mean age 3 years). @entity9102 was administered as four daily 30-min iv infusions. The mean dosage used in @entity1 under three months was 225 mg/kg/d @entity4967 and 9 mg/kg/d @entity798 . In @entity1 older than three months of age the mean dosage was 250 mg/kg/d @entity4967 and 16 mg/kg/d @entity798 . The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated similar serum concentrations of @entity4967 to those in earlier studies, and serum concentrations of @entity798 of 3.1 +/- 0.63 mg/l and 2.18 +/- 0.17 mg/ @entity72277 h respectively after infusion in newborns. For @entity1 , at the same times, the serum levels were respectively 2.3 +/- 0.9 mg/l and 1.4 +/- 0.9 mg/l. The peak serum concentrations of @entity798 were the same in the two groups of dosages (4.7 mg/l), but the half-lives of @entity798 were 1.1 h in @entity1 older than three months and 1.8 h in @entity1 younger than 3 months. The tolerance was good. @entity9102 may be useful as a first line antibiotic in infections in hospitalized @entity1 in the dosage described, as three or four injections daily, according to the age and the severity of the disease.

title: Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of XXXX in paediatric infections.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9102 :: ('MESH:C043215', 'Chemical') :: ['Timentin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity4967 :: ('MESH:D013982', 'Chemical') :: ['ticarcillin']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity9102 :: (MESH:C043215,Chemical) :: ['Timentin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether ordered values of (sub)regional femorotibial cartilage thickness change are superior to region-based approaches in detecting risk factors for cartilage @entity393 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: 58 @entity1 with knee @entity571 had 3 Tesla MR images acquired at baseline and 24 months. Changes in cartilage thickness (   ThCtAB) were determined in eight medial femorotibial subregions. An ascending sort of individual    ThCtAB measurements was done to create "ordered values". Risk factors for @entity393 considered were: @entity2270 ( @entity2270 ), minimal (medial) joint space width (mJSW), and percent of medial tibial plateau covered by the meniscus (percent cover). All change metrics were tested for association with the risk factors using Kendall's    and relative sensitivity of multiple tests of subregions and ordered values were compared with single metrics of change from plate and compartment summaries and the first ordered value. RESULTS: The associations between subregion    ThCtAB and @entity2270 (P=0.0002), mJSW (P=0.016), and age (P=0.011) were significant, but only @entity2270 (at a=0.05) and age (at a=0.1) remained significant after adjusting for multiple subregions. In contrast, cMFTC had P-values<0.05 for @entity2270 (P=0.0001), mJSW (P=0.016), and meniscus subluxation (0.04). The first ordered value had significant associations with @entity2270 (P=0.0004), mJSW (P=0.003), meniscus subluxation (P=0.02) and percent cover (P=0.031) all of which were significant at a=0.05 after adjusting for tests on multiple risk factors. CONCLUSION: Ordered values of    ThCtAB were more sensitive in detecting risk factors of @entity393 than subregional    ThCtAB. Sensitivity was further enhanced by considering the minimum ordered value as a single test, thus not requiring adjustment for multiple tests. Using ordered values there was a significant association between    ThCtAB and baseline @entity2270 , mJSW, meniscus subluxation and meniscus percent cover. This study provides an important step in validating ordered values of cartilage change.

title: Using ordered values of subregional cartilage thickness change increases sensitivity in detecting risk factors for XXXX progression.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage loss', 'loss in osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['AAA', 'age, BMI, anatomical knee axis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: A recent phase I study of aerosolized @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) in @entity1 with malignant metastases to the lungs demonstrated excellent tolerance and possible efficacy. This therapy was offered to other @entity1 who refused "standard" treatment or when no effective therapy was available. Forty-five @entity1 were treated; 40 had pulmonary metastases. Aerosolized @entity2841 (250 microg/dose) was administered twice a day using a 1 week on, 1 week off schedule. The mean interval between diagnosis and therapy was 32 months. Twenty-four @entity1 had disease stabilization or partial regression. The mean duration of benefit was 10 months. This benefit was noted in 8 of 13 with a @entity242 , 6 of 14 with @entity320 , and 5 of 12 with @entity1358 . Eighteen @entity1 reported mostly self-limiting @entity137 . The frequency of certain @entity320 -specific T lymphocytes in 1 @entity1 with stable disease was found to have increased 10-fold after therapy. Aerosolized @entity2841 appears to have limited but promising efficacy in treatment of @entity358 . In one @entity1 , we have evidence of upregulation of @entity320 -specific cytotoxic T-cells. Further study is warranted to understand the impact of this therapy on the natural history of @entity5 .

title: Aerosolized @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ) therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['metastatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An early diagnosis of @entity693 is important to improve @entity1 ' survival. Data about a direct comparison of cerebrospinal fluid cytology (CSF-cytology) and MRI are very limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare these two diagnostic modalities in diagnosing @entity693 in @entity1 with @entity1583 and solid @entity5 . METHODS: In 68 @entity1 suspicious for @entity3554 , cytology and MRI (1.5 T) was performed. The meningeal, pial or intraparenchymal hyperintense signal or contrast enhancement was correlated to the final CNS diagnosis and to cytology. RESULTS: 44 @entity1 (64.7%) had @entity3554 , 21 @entity1 (30.9%) had @entity3554 . The sensitivity to diagnose @entity693 was 49.2% for MRI and 95.4% for cytology (p<0.001). In @entity1 with @entity3554 , sensitivity was 45.5% for MRI and 93.2% for cytology (p<0.001). In @entity1 with @entity693 , sensitivity was 57.1% for MRI and 100% for cytology (p=0.0013). In @entity1 with @entity5 , the sensitivity was 84.6% for both diagnostic methods. The sensitivity for MRI was low in @entity1 with @entity1778 (20.0%) and @entity706 (37.5%). The positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for MRI to differentiate infectious from @entity3554 was high in @entity1 with @entity693 (75.0%), in @entity1 with @entity706 (83.3%), and in @entity1 with @entity5 (72.7%). @entity2286 was low in @entity1 with @entity1778 (33.3%). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic value of MRI for diagnosing @entity693 is especially limited in @entity1 with @entity1583 . MRI better detected leptomeningeal involvement caused by @entity5 than by @entity1778 or @entity706 . The @entity2286 to specify @entity3554 depends on @entity5 subtype.

title: Use of magnetic resonance imaging to detect XXXX : limited use in @entity1778 and @entity706 but convincing results in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['solid tumors', 'tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal disease', 'infectious meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic', 'hematopoietic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3554 :: ('MESH:D008577', 'Disease') :: ['non-neoplastic meningitis', 'neoplastic meningitis']

answer: @entity3554 :: (MESH:D008577,Disease) :: ['neoplastic meningitis']


abstract: PET with [methyl-(11)C]-choline ( @entity25249 ) can be useful for detecting well-differentiated @entity157 ( @entity157 ) that is not 18F-FDG-avid. This study was designed to examine the relationship between @entity1877 metabolism and @entity1877 tracer uptake in @entity157 for PET with @entity25249 . METHODS: Dynamic PET scans of @entity25249 were acquired using the woodchuck models of @entity157 . After imaging, [methyl-(14)C]-choline was injected, and metabolites from both @entity157 tissue samples and the surrounding hepatic tissues were extracted and analyzed by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. The enzymatic activities of @entity1877 kinase and @entity1877 - @entity1391 cytidylyltransferase were assayed for correlation with the imaging and metabolism data. RESULTS: PET with @entity25249 showed an @entity157 detection rate of 9 of 10. The @entity5 -to-liver ratio for the 9 detected @entity5462 was 1.89  0.55. @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining confirmed that all spots with high tracer uptake were well-differentiated @entity5462 . Variation of radioactivity distribution within @entity5462 indicated a heterogeneous uptake of @entity1877 . The activities of both @entity1877 kinase and @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase were found to be significantly higher in @entity157 than in the surrounding hepatic tissues. The major metabolites of @entity25249 were @entity2945 in @entity157 and @entity7727 and @entity1877 in the surrounding hepatic tissues at 12 min after injection; in @entity157 , @entity2945 rapidly converted to @entity2434 at 30 min after injection. CONCLUSION: @entity5462 display enhanced uptake of radiolabeled @entity1877 despite a moderate degree of physiologic uptake in the surrounding hepatic tissues. Initially, increased radiolabeled @entity1877 uptake in @entity5462 is associated with the transport and phosphorylation of @entity1877 ; as time passes, the increased uptake of radiolabeled @entity1877 reflects increased @entity2434 synthesis derived from radiolabeled @entity6624 ( @entity13667 - @entity1877 ) in @entity5462 . In contrast, the surrounding hepatic tissues exhibit extensive oxidation of radiolabeled @entity1877 via the @entity3633 methylation pathway, a major contributor to the observed physiologic uptake.

title: Imaging lipid synthesis in XXXX with [methyl-11c]choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies.

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity6624 :: ('MESH:D003566', 'Chemical') :: ["cytidine 5'-diphosphocholine"]

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['choline-phosphate', 'phosphocholine']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: Lag screw osteosynthesis is a well proven technique. Its application is limited by the fact that the spherical head of the screw act as wedge. Combining this screw with a bioconcave washer has broadened the range of applications for lag screw osteosynthesis in the maxillofacial region. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of anchor lag screw with conventional lag screw in @entity174 . @entity1 AND METHOD: Thirty @entity1 with anterior mandible @entity174 with no concomitant @entity174 , @entity281 or extraoral communication, who visited our outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, were included in the study after obtaining their informed consent. @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups; where Group A underwent fixation using conventional lag screw and Group B anchor lag screw. The fixation system used included 2  mm @entity702 lag screws of sizes 25  mm, 27  mm and 30  mm and 3  mm @entity702 bioconcave washer. At each follow up visit, clinical data was collected detailing clinical presentation of healing and radiographic findings. RESULTS: Radiographic features at post surgery evaluation indicated loss of bone contact around the screw head and bone resorption in five @entity1 of Group A, thus causing loosening of lag screw whereas none of the @entity1 in Group B, was found to have any such complication. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the hypothesis that bioconcave washer aids in holding up the farthest fragment at the interface of the @entity174 fragment. Application of bioconcave washer provides easy loading of lag screw.

title: Anchor lag screw vs conventional lag screw in mandibular XXXX : A series of 30 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'anterior mandibular fractures']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The Bracing in @entity1615 Trial (BrAIST) included skeletally immature high risk @entity1 with @entity1615 ( @entity1615 ) with moderate curve sizes (20- 40). BrAIST was a multicenter, controlled trial using both randomized and preference treatment arms into either an observation group or a brace treatment group. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze and compare body image and quality-of-life (QOL) in female @entity1615 @entity1 who were observed or treated with a brace. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Brace treatment is an effective means for controlling progressive @entity1635 and preventing the need for surgery, but there is no consensus regarding the effect of brace treatment on body image or on QOL in adolescents with @entity1615 . METHODS: Data from female BrAIST @entity1 in the randomized (n=132) or preference (n=187) arms and were observed (n=120) or brace treated (n=199) were analyzed. @entity1 completed the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ) and the PedsQOL4.0 Generic Scales at baseline and six month follow-up visits up to two years. Items on the SAQ measured three body image constructs (self, ideal, overall). The PedsQOL measured health, activities, feelings, social factors, and school. RESULTS: In general, there were no significant differences within or between study arms or treatments regarding body image or QOL through two years of follow-up. Poorer body image was significantly correlated with poorer QOL during the first two years of follow-up regardless of study arm or treatment. @entity1 that crossed-over to a different treatment and @entity1 with largest Cobb angles >=  40 degrees had significantly poorer body image, in particular self-body image, compared to those that did not. CONCLUSION: This study does not support findings from previous research indicating that wearing a brace has a negative impact on or is negatively impacted by body image or QOL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Body Image and Quality-of-Life in Untreated Versus Brace-Treated Females with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1615 :: ('OMIM:181800', 'Disease') :: ['Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis', 'AIS', 'adolescent idiopathic scoliosis']

answer: @entity1615 :: (OMIM:181800,Disease) :: ['Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purple sweet potato color (PSPC), @entity3088 isolated from purple sweet potato, has been well demonstrated for the pharmacological properties. In the present study, we attempt to explore whether the antisenescence was involved in PSPC-mediated protection against endothelium dysfunction in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and, if involved, what are the possible mechanisms. The results showed that atherogenesis and endothelial senescence in the thoracic aorta were promoted in @entity19 with @entity5710 ; meanwhile, PSPC attenuated the deterioration of vascular vessel and inhibited the endothelial senescence. @entity6 is a documented high-risk factor for the development of @entity731 . Studies show that @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) promotes endothelial cell senescence in vitro. In our study, we have determined that PSPC could suppress the @entity16076 -induced premature senescence and the abnormal endothelial function, discovered in the early stages of @entity731 induced by @entity6 . We have discovered that the PSPC down-regulates reactive @entity26 species (ROS) accumulation and the @entity6198 inflammasome functions. Furthermore, the premature senescence induced by @entity16076 was inhibited after attenuation of ROS and deactivation of @entity6198 inflammasomes. However, once the @entity6198 inflammasomes are overactivated, PSPC could not restrain cell senescence. These data imply that the beneficial effects of PSPC on @entity6 -induced @entity409 and senescence are mediated through ROS and @entity6198 signaling pathways, suggesting a potential target for the prevention of endothelial senescence-related @entity65 .

title: Purple sweet potato color inhibits endothelial premature senescence by blocking the XXXX inflammasome.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'T2DM', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5710 :: ('MESH:D011236', 'Disease') :: ['prediabetes']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['d-galactose']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity6198 :: (216799(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['NLRP3']


abstract: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-centre clinical trial was undertaken in 60 @entity1 with @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor to compare topical 2% @entity14407 cream with topical 2% @entity5897 cream. Treatment, by twice-daily application, was for 4 weeks or until earlier complete resolution of disease. Assessment was by laboratory mycological investigation and regular clinical/symptomatic evaluation, both during and for 2 to 6 weeks after therapy. Fifty-three @entity1 satisfactorily completed the trial, 28 of whom received @entity14407 and 25 @entity5897 . The groups were adequately well-matched. All assessment criteria showed @entity14407 to be at least as efficacious as @entity5897 , with no statistically significant differences between the two treatments. A number of assessment criteria, however, did show trends in favour of @entity14407 . @entity14407 resulted in mycological findings becoming negative in 92%, i.e. all but 2 of 25 @entity1 , by the end of treatment and a similar proportion (91%, 21 of 23 @entity1 ) remained mycologically negative 2 to 4 weeks after the end of therapy. With @entity5897 , only 79% (19 of 24 @entity1 ) became mycologically negative during treatment and this figure decreased further to 74% (14 of 19 @entity1 ) after therapy. Essentially similar results were seen for clinical assessments of erythema, itching and desquamation, these features being significantly and progressively eliminated or improved by both treatments in high proportions of @entity1 during therapy, followed by little tendency to return after the cessation of therapy. Overall clinical assessments demonstrated statistically significant improvement during the second, third and fourth weeks of treatment with both drugs. Only 4 @entity1 (two with each treatment) were reported as showing clinical deterioration at any stage during the trial, in all cases after the end of therapy. There were no reports of local or systemic adverse reactions to either drug, and laboratory screening investigations failed to reveal any signs of @entity137 . These results indicate that a 4-week course of twice daily topical 2% @entity14407 cream is extremely well tolerated and is at least as efficacious as an equivalent regimen of 2% @entity5897 for the treatment of @entity4013 or @entity9585 versicolor. Trends in the results suggest that @entity14407 may prove to be more efficacious than @entity5897 , particularly in relation to elimination of laboratory evidence of persistent @entity364 , which could be reflected in a lower incidence of subsequent relapse of the disease.

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity14407 cream in cutaneous XXXX : a comparison with @entity5897 cream.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5897 :: ('MESH:D008825', 'Chemical') :: ['miconazole']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4013 :: ('MESH:D014005', 'Disease') :: ['dermatophytosis', 'cutaneous dermatophytosis']

entities_list: @entity14407 :: ('MESH:C033486', 'Chemical') :: ['fenticonazole', 'Fenticonazole']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity9585 :: ('MESH:D010915', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infections']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The laparoscopic approach to repairing ventral and incisional @entity547 has gained increasing popularity worldwide. We reviewed the experience of @entity4037 repair at a district general hospital in the UK with particular reference to @entity1 with massive defects (diameter >= 15cm) and the morbidly @entity28 . METHODS: A total of 144 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic ventral (incisional or umbilical/paraumbilical) @entity547 repair between April 2007 and September 2012. RESULTS: The prevalence of conversion to open surgery was 2.8%. The prevalence of @entity260 was 3.5%. Median postoperative follow-up was 30.2 months. A total of 5.6% cases suffered late complications and 2.8% developed recurrence. Thirty-four @entity1 underwent repair of defects >= 10cm in diameter with a prevalence of recurrence of 5.6%. Sixteen @entity1 underwent repair of 'massive' incisional @entity547 (diameter >= 15cm) with a prevalence of recurrence of 12.5%. Sixteen @entity1 with a body mass index (BMI) >= 40kg/m(2) (range, 40-61kg/m(2)) underwent laparoscopic repair with a prevalence of recurrence of 6.3% (p>0.05 vs BMI <40kg/m(2)). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4037 repair can be carried out safely with a low prevalence of recurrence. It may have advantages in morbidly @entity28 @entity1 in whom open repair would represent a significant undertaking. @entity4037 repair may be used in cases of large and massive @entity547 , in which the risk of recurrence increases but is comparable with open repair and associated with low morbidity.

title: Laparoscopic incisional and XXXX repair in a district general hospital.

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia', 'hernias']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Laparoscopic ventral hernia', 'laparoscopic ventral hernia']

answer: @entity4037 :: (MESH:D006555,Disease) :: ['ventral hernia']


abstract: The assessment of the accuracy of Electron Beam Computed Tomography (EBCT) for the follow-up of pulmonary vascular system after the shunt operation in cyanotic @entity299 was purpose of the study. The study group consists of 16 consecutive @entity1 with @entity299 who had Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt (n=7), bi- directional cavo-pulmonary shunt (BCPS, n=7) and unifocalization (n=2). EBT images were obtained on systolic phase under EKG gating and after intravenous administration of contrast agent. We evaluated the shunt patency, anatomy of @entity358 , parenchymal pulmonary vessels and background lung attenuation for the pulmonary blood flow, and the presence of systemic arterial and venous collaterals. Angiography (n=12) and echocardiography (n=16) were used as the gold standards. EBCT was consistent with angiogram in detecting the shunt patency and in depicting the anatomy of the @entity358 . Occlusion of the BT shunts was not detected in 2 @entity1 by echocardiography. Diffuse or focally decreased pulmonary flow on EBCT in 8 @entity1 was consistent with the pulmonary hemodynamics pattern revealed by cardiac catheterization. Uneven attenuation between lobes was related with multifocal supply of pulmonary flow or occlusion of lobar pulmonary arteries. Systemic collateral arteries were observed in 5 at the corresponding site of the decreased pulmonary flow. Systemic venous collaterals seen in all @entity1 following BCPS were eventually draining to the inferior vena cava in 5 and to the left atrium in 2. EBCT provided accurate information of the pulmonary vascular system after shunt and has unique advantage over echocardiography in assessing patency of BT shunt or unifocalization tubes within the pleural space, the estimation of regional difference in pulmonary hemodynamics, and the detection of systemic collateral vessels. Therefore EBCT may provide useful information about the timing of definitive correction and the need for a second shunt or an interventional procedure prior to total repair.

title: Evaluation of the post-shunt status with electron beam computed tomography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['intrapericardial pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart diseases', 'cyanotic congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cyanotic congenital heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have investigated the efficacy and safety of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASIs) plus @entity460 channel blockers (CCBs), compared with other two-drug combinations, but systematic assessment in this aspect is still lacking. We carried out the present meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the long-term effect and safety of RASIs plus CCBs. Literatures were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in September 2014. A fixed-effect model was used to estimate the pooled effect of trials identified. Thirty-four trials with 41   694 @entity1 were included. Compared with RASIs plus diuretics, RASIs plus CCBs @entity65 (CV) events (relative risk (RR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75, 0.91, adjusted RR (ARR) 1.7%) and withdrawals due to adverse effect (WDAE) (RR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.94, @entity5262 .3%). Compared with CCBs plus diuretics, RASIs plus CCBs decreased WDAE (RR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.45, 0.90, @entity5262 .1%). Our meta-analysis indicates that RASIs plus CCBs provide a superior safety and prevention of CV events to RASIs plus diuretics, whereas this combination is also safer than CCBs plus diuretics. We also raise a new hypothesis. More high-quality RCTs focused on hard end points with CV, cerebrovascular and renal events are needed to confirm the hypothesis we have brought out.Journal of @entity1 @entity101 advance online publication, 7 January 2016; doi:10.1038/jhh.2015.125.

title: Combination therapy of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors plus @entity460 channel blockers versus other two-drug combinations for XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['decreased total cardiovascular']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess surgical treatment of @entity2649 associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. METHODS: In 86 @entity1 with @entity2649 associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. (30 @entity1 and 56 @entity1 , aged from 30 to 77 years), 63 @entity1 complained of @entity615 with both lower @entity158 , 10 @entity1 @entity158 in one leg, and 13 @entity1 only @entity615 . Seventy-two of these @entity1 complained of @entity613 , with a walking distance ranging from 10 to 1 000 m. Thirty-two @entity1 had some changes in sensation, motion and reflexes of the foot. According to White' critera, all @entity1 showed dynamic instability of the lesion. Meyerding criteria showed degree 1 in 79 @entity1 , and degree 2 in 7. CT scan was made in 56 @entity1 , MRI in 24 and MRM in 6 before operation. Myelography was performed in 61 @entity1 , and CTM in 6. Stenosis and spondylolisthesis located between L(4) and L(5) in 49 @entity1 , between L(3) and L(4) in 6, between L(5) and S(1) in 25, between L(3) and L(4) and between L(4) and L(5) in 2, and from L(3) to S(1) in 4. The @entity1 with pathological spondylolisthesis were excluded. @entity850 of one leg was observed in 10 @entity1 , lateral recess of both legs in 22, and central canal stenosis in 54, of whom 12 @entity1 were associated with protrusion of the lumbar disc. Decompression and autograft with iliac bone and various internal fixation were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up from 8 months to 13 years, longer than 1 year (average 5.6 years) in 81 @entity1 . According to Amundsen et al, excellent results were obtained in 78 @entity1 , good in 5, and fair in 3. Spondylolisthesis was completely reduced in 70 @entity1 of degree 1 (89.9%), and in 6 @entity1 of degree 2 (85.7%). No @entity1 showed slippage aggravated. 74 @entity1 gained bone graft fusion within 3 months and 10 @entity1 within 6 months. Two @entity1 showed @entity1516 during the follow-up. Complications included internal fixation breakage in 1 @entity1 , and delayed @entity281 in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Complete decompression and bone graft fusion are the key to treatment. Decompression and internal fixation improve the symptoms of @entity1 with @entity2649 associated with spondylolisthesis. Transpedicle instrumentation can reduce spondylolisthesis and maintain the physical curve of the lumbar.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['lower back pain']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity613 :: ('MESH:D007383', 'Disease') :: ['intermittent claudication']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'extremity pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['Lateral recess stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1516 :: ('MESH:D011542', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoarthrosis']

answer: @entity2649 :: (MESH:C563613,Disease) :: ['lumbar spinal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: the tissue spanning the mitral and aortic valves, the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF), may be the site of @entity2849 formation in the setting of @entity884 or @entity299 , or after valve surgery. Because of potential complications of @entity339 , @entity1 with such lesions are often referred for surgical repair. METHODS: we identified 3 individuals with @entity339 who were followed without surgical intervention after diagnosis of the MAIVF @entity2849 . The courses of these @entity1 are presented below. RESULTS: the @entity339 were measured to be stable in size over several years among 3 @entity1 . Dimensions were 5.3   2.3, 7.6   4.9, and 4.8   2.5 cm. Surgical repair was considered too high a risk in 2 of the individuals, and the third individual refused a third surgical intervention. Of the 3 @entity1 , 2 remain asymptomatic. The third @entity1 was 87 years old when her MAIVF @entity2849 was diagnosed, and she died of noncardiac causes at age 92 years. CONCLUSIONS: clinical surveillance and serial imaging of MIAVF @entity2849 may be considered an alternative to surgical management in select individuals.

title: XXXX : survival without reoperation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['MAIVF pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['Pseudoaneurysms of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract disease in healthy full-term @entity1 with access to modern medical care. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, personal communication with researchers, the OVID databases, Dissertation Abstracts Online, and BIOSIS. STUDY SELECTION: The titles, abstracts, and text of studies from developed countries were explored for breastfeeding exposure measures and lower respiratory tract disease hospitalization rates. For summary statistics, we required 3 inclusion criteria: (1) a feeding contrast of a minimum of 2 months of exclusive breastfeeding (no formula supplementation) vs no breastfeeding and (2) study populations that excluded sick, low birth weight or premature @entity1 and (3) reflected affluent regions; 27% of studies met these criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: We abstracted data from all relevant reports. DATA SYNTHESIS: Data from all primary material (33 studies) indicated a protective association between breastfeeding and the risk of @entity1576 hospitalization. Nine studies met all inclusion criteria, and 7 cohort studies were pooled. The feeding contrasts in these 7 studies were 4 or more months of exclusive breastfeeding vs no breastfeeding. The summary relative risk (95% confidence interval) was 0.28 (0.14-0.54), using a random-effects model. This effect remained stable and statistically significant after adjusting for the effects of smoking or socioeconomic status. CONCLUSION: Among generally healthy @entity1 in developed nations, more than a tripling in severe respiratory tract illnesses resulting in hospitalizations was noted for @entity1 who were not breastfed compared with those who were exclusively breastfed for 4 months.

title: Breastfeeding and the risk of hospitalization for XXXX in infancy: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']