abstract: @entity740 has reached epidemic proportions in industrialized nations. New therapies are urgently sought. Using a combination of animal models of @entity8 and @entity1 biopsy samples, a pattern of dysregulated microRNA expression has emerged which is common to @entity102 . A number of these dysregulated microRNA have recently been shown to have functional consequences for the disease process and therefore may be potential therapeutic targets. We highlight @entity766 , the most comprehensively studied microRNA in the kidney so far. @entity766 is expressed widely in healthy kidney but studies from knockout @entity19 indicate it is largely inert. Although @entity766 is upregulated in many cell compartments including leukocytes, epithelial cells and myofibroblasts, the inert @entity766 also appears to become activated, by unclear mechanisms. @entity19 lacking @entity766 are protected from @entity8 and @entity82 in several distinct models of @entity8 , and systemically administered oligonucleotides that specifically bind to the active site in @entity766 , inhibiting its function, recapitulate the genetic deletion of @entity766 , suggesting inhibitory oligonucleotides may have therapeutic potential. Recent studies of @entity766 targets in kidney indicate that it normally functions to silence metabolic pathways including @entity844 metabolism and pathways that prevent Reactive @entity26 Species generation in peroxisomes and mitochondria in epithelial cells and myofibroblasts. Targeting specific pathogenic microRNAs in a specific manner is feasible in vivo and may be a new therapeutic target in disease of the kidney.

title: MicroRNAs are potential therapeutic targets in fibrosing XXXX : lessons from animal models.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic disease of the kidneys']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['kidney disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Computational flow dynamic (CFD) study has not been widely applied in intracranial @entity2791 due to requirement of high resolution in identifying the small intracranial artery. We described a process in CFD study applied to symptomatic severe intracranial (M1) @entity850 before and after stenting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reconstructed 3D angiography in STL format was transferred to Magics (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) for smoothing of vessel surface and trimming of branch vessels and to HyperMesh (Altair Engineering Inc., Auckland, New Zealand) for generating tetra volume mesh from triangular surface-meshed 3D angiogram. Computational analysis of blood flow in the blood vessels was performed using the commercial finite element software ADINA Ver 8.5 (ADINA R _ D, Inc., Lebanon, MA). The distribution of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ), peak velocity and pressure in a @entity1 was analyzed before and after intracranial stenting. RESULTS: Computer simulation of @entity1642 , flow velocity and wall pressure before and after stenting could be demonstrated three dimensionally by video mode according to flow vs. time dimension. Such flow model was well correlated with angiographic finding related to maximum degree of @entity850 . Change of @entity1642 , peak velocity and pressure at the severe @entity850 was demonstrated before and after stenting. There was no @entity1642 after stenting in case without residual @entity850 . CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that CFD analysis before and after intracranial stenting was feasible despite of limited vessel wall dimension and could reveal change of @entity1642 as well as flow velocity and wall pressure.

title: Computational flow dynamics of the severe m1 XXXX before and after stenting.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['WSS', 'wall shear stress']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether @entity55 (live, antigens, or polysaccharide) cause @entity1028 in a susceptible animal host with appropriate drug reversal. METHODS: At laparotomy, preparations of @entity21334 (live, @entity406 -inactivated, and heat-inactivated) in @entity12374 were applied to the adventitial surface of the abdominal aorta of @entity95 fed a @entity165 -enriched diet. Aortic diameter was measured with ultrasonography. After 3 weeks, immunohistochemistry was used to detect aortic @entity21334 and macrophages. Presence of @entity21334 DNA also was assessed. RESULTS: At high doses (5 x 10(7) organisms) periaortic application of both live and @entity406 -inactivated preparations resulted in doubling of aortic diameter after 3 weeks, from 2.0 +/- 0.5 mm to 4.3 +/- 1.3 mm (P <.02). @entity21334 DNA and antigens, together with a heavy macrophage infiltrate, were detected in the dilated aorta. In contrast, periaortic application of heat-inactivated preparations resulted in minimal macrophage influx and @entity384 . Treatment of @entity95 with @entity4580 or @entity9693 for 10 days after laparotomy abolished the effects of @entity406 -inactivated @entity21334 on @entity384 . @entity4580 reduced the number of macrophages in the aortic wall more effectively than @entity9693 . CONCLUSION: Because membrane antigenicity is retained in @entity406 -inactivated but not heat-inactivated organisms, in this experimental model, chlamydial membrane antigens (rather than live organisms) appear to cause the @entity384 and associated macrophage recruitment. @entity4580 is likely to reverse these effects with an antiinflammatory mechanism.

title: @entity55 antigens facilitate experimental @entity384 : prevention with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Chlamydia pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal dilatation', 'aortic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity4580 :: ('MESH:D017963', 'Chemical') :: ['azithromycin', 'Azithromycin']

entities_list: @entity12374 :: ('MESH:D002122', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity9693 :: ('MESH:C007005', 'Chemical') :: ['carprofen']

answer: @entity4580 :: (MESH:D017963,Chemical) :: ['azithromycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1032 can trigger @entity741 , but the prevalence of @entity1032 -induced @entity63 in CHF @entity1 is unknown.. We characterized @entity1032 -induced and @entity859 -induced changes in myocardial perfusion and neurohormonal activation in CHF @entity1 with reduced LV function using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to precisely quantify segment-level myocardial perfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 34 @entity453 ( @entity453 ) @entity1 (age 62  10 years) with CHF>3 months, ejection fraction<40% underwent both @entity859 and @entity1032 myocardial perfusion SPECT on consecutive days. @entity1032 consisted of anger recall (anger-provoking speech) followed by subtracting serial 7s). Presence and extent of @entity741 was quantified using the conventional 17 segment model. RESULTS: 68% of @entity1 had >= 1 @entity63 segment during @entity1032 ; 81% during @entity859 . On segment-by-segment analysis, perfusion to @entity1032 and @entity859 were highly correlated. No significant differences were found between any two time points for @entity3876 , @entity310 , @entity1356 , troponin, @entity7 , @entity4155 , @entity1495 , or CRP. However, @entity2232 and @entity650 increased, and @entity688 decreased, between the stressor and 30 minutes post-stress.Left ventricular end diastolic dimension was 179  65 ml at rest and increased to 217  71 after @entity1032 and 229  86 after @entity859 (p<0.01 for both). Resting end systolic volume was 129  60 ml at rest and increased to 158  66 after @entity1032 (p<0.05) and 171  87 after @entity859 (p0.07), with no significant differences between @entity859 and @entity1032 . Ejection fraction was 30  12 at baseline, 29  11 with @entity1032 , and 28  10 with @entity859 (P = NS). CONCLUSION: There was high concordance between @entity63 perfusion defects induced by @entity859 and @entity1032 , suggesting that @entity1032 is equivalent to pharmacologic stress in eliciting clinically significant \myocardial perfusion defects in CHF @entity1 . @entity384 suggests clinically important changes with both conditions. Psychosocial stressors during daily life may contribute to the @entity63 burden of CHF @entity1 with @entity453 .

title: High Concordance Between Mental Stress-Induced and @entity859 -Induced XXXX Assessed Using SPECT in Heart Failure @entity1 : Hemodynamic and Biomarker Correlates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental stress', 'Mental stress']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac dilatation']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['Myocardial Ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of surgical management of @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) and @entity154 are often compared to published benchmark data which reflect the use of a variety of surgical and hybrid protocols. We report encouraging results achieved in an emerging program, despite a learning curve at all care levels. Rather than relying on a single preferred protocol, surgical management was based on matching surgical strategy to individual @entity1 factors. METHODS: From 2010 to 2014, a total of 47 consecutive @entity1 with @entity1699 or @entity154 with ductal-dependent systemic circulation underwent initial surgical palliation, including 30 Norwood stage I, 8 hybrid stage I, and 9 salvage-to-Norwood procedures. True hybrid procedures entailed bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting. In the salvage-to-Norwood strategy, ductal stenting was withheld in favor of continued @entity3009 infusion in anticipation of a deferred Norwood procedure. Cardiac comorbidities (obstructed @entity1700 , poor ventricular function, and @entity338 ) and noncardiac comorbidities influenced the choice of treatment strategies and were analyzed as potential risk factors for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support or in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: Overall hospital survival was 81% (Norwood 83.3%, hybrid 88%, "salvage" 67%; P = .4942). Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was used for eight (17%) @entity1 with two survivors. For cases with obstructed @entity1700 (n = 10, 21%), management choices favored a hybrid or salvage strategy (P = .0026). @entity2333 (n = 22, 47%) was treated by a Norwood or salvage-to-Norwood. No cardiac, noncardiac, or genetic comorbidities were identified as independent risk factors for ECMO or discharge mortality in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our emerging program achieved outcomes that compare favorably to published benchmark data with respect to hospital survival. These results reflect rigorous interdisciplinary teamwork and a flexible approach to surgical palliation based on matching surgical strategy to @entity1 factors. With major associated cardiac/noncardiac comorbidity and antegrade coronary flow, a true hybrid with ductal stenting was our preferred strategy. For high-risk situations such as @entity3885 , the salvage hybrid-bridge-to-Norwood strategy may help achieve survival albeit with increased resource utilization.

title: Achieving Benchmark Results for Neonatal Palliation of @entity1699 and XXXX in an Emerging Program.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['related anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity3885 :: ('MESH:D008173', 'Disease') :: ['aortic atresia with obstructed pulmonary venous return']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular valve regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic atresia']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Related Anomalies']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agents that target microtubule (MT) dynamics have been used extensively for the treatment of @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Among these agents are @entity6023 (solvent-based @entity1311 [sb- @entity1311 ], @entity1205 , and nab- @entity1311 ) and non- @entity6023 , such as eribulin and @entity19878 . Although these agents have been approved for the treatment of @entity0 , questions regarding the ideal agent, regimen (single agent vs. combination vs. sequential), and schedule still remain. This systematic review examined pivotal trials for @entity6023 , eribulin, and @entity19878 as well as first-line @entity3907 trials in @entity0 . Only randomized trials that enrolled  >=  100 @entity1 were included. Publications on combination regimens with targeted agents were excluded unless they also included a comparison between nontargeted regimens. The studies were grouped into @entity3907 versus @entity3907 , sb- @entity1311 versus non- @entity3907 , and @entity1205 versus non- @entity3907 regimens. In @entity3907 versus @entity3907 comparisons, the efficacy of sb- @entity1311 and @entity1205 appeared similar, nab- @entity1311 every 3 weeks (q3w) appeared superior to sb- @entity1311 q3w, and weekly nab- @entity1311 appeared superior to @entity1205 . In general, @entity3907 regimens demonstrated higher overall response rates (ORRs) versus non- @entity3907 regimens; however, only 2 trials demonstrated longer overall survival (OS) for @entity3907 regimens. @entity6023 will likely continue to be used in earlier lines of therapy, whereas eribulin and @entity19878 may be more appropriate for later lines of treatment. Ongoing research may identify biomarkers that could help in selecting the appropriate MT-targeted agent for a given @entity1 .

title: Use of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer: Putting XXXX in Perspective.

entities_list: @entity6023 :: ('MESH:D043823', 'Chemical') :: ['taxanes', 'Taxanes']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic breast cancer', 'MBC']

entities_list: @entity19878 :: ('MESH:C430592', 'Chemical') :: ['ixabepilone']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity6023 :: (MESH:D043823,Chemical) :: ['Taxanes']


abstract: To compare the pathological features and long-term survival of @entity150 ( @entity150 ) in young @entity1 with elderly counterparts. Using the U.S. National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based data, we identified 93115 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity150 diagnosed between 1988 and 2003. @entity1 were categorized into young (50 years and under) and elderly groups (over 50 years of age). The overall and five-year @entity150 specific survival (BCSS) data were obtained using Kaplan-Meier plots. Multivariable Cox regression models were built for the analysis of long-term survival outcomes and risk factors. There were significant differences between the two groups in primary site, pathologic grading, histologic type, AJCC stage (p<0.001). The overall and 5-year cancer specific survival rates were 88.1% and 90.8% in young group, 64.8% and 81.3% in elderly group, which had significant difference in both univariate and multivariate analysis (p<0.001). Further analysis showed this significant difference existed across all the AJCC stage @entity1 . The study findings show different patterns in the prognostic value of age for determining BCSS, depending on the @entity5 stages. Compared with elderly @entity1 , young @entity1 with @entity150 surgery appear to have unique characteristics and a higher overall and cancer specific survival rate.

title: Different patterns in the prognostic value of age for @entity150 -specific survival depending on XXXX stages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'BCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is described as the slow passage of contrast to distal coronaries despite anatomically normal coronary arteries. It has been shown that increased serum @entity17302 activity (SPA) correlates with collagen turnover. Increased collagen turnover might be associated with the development of @entity731 . AIM: To investigate the relationship between serum @entity17302 activity and slow coronary flow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 40 @entity301 @entity1 (mean age: 55.0   9.5 years, 20 females) and 40 controls (mean age: 53.9   8.2 years, 21 females) with normal coronary anatomy and normal coronary flow. The Thrombolysis in @entity583 (TIMI) frame-count (TFC) method was used for @entity301 diagnosis. Serum @entity17302 activity was measured spectrophotometrically, and the relevant parameters were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the @entity301 and control groups in terms of basic demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. However, the SPA was significantly higher in the @entity301 group compared to the control (702.7   13.8 and 683.9   13.2 respectively, p<0.001). Serum @entity17302 activity was significantly correlated with the mean TFC (r=0.463, p<0.001). The overall findings of this study support the predictive accuracy of the serum @entity17302 activity in our cohort, with a statistically significant ROC value of 681.3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that SPA was increased in @entity301 @entity1 . The activity of this enzyme was significantly correlated with the mean TFC.

title: Evaluation of serum XXXX activity in @entity1 with slow coronary flow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial Infarction']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['SCF', 'Slow coronary flow']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity17302 :: (5184,Gene) :: ['prolidase']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity130 and @entity32 have been proposed as causes of acute benign spinal @entity158 , but this etiology has not been investigated. PURPOSE: To investigate the presence of periarticular tissue @entity32 and zygapophysial joint @entity603 in the cervical region using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in subjects with acute unilateral cervical @entity158 and limited motion (acute "crick in the neck" <48 hours from onset), as well as the feasibility of recruiting these subjects. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Three-month case series in a university setting and private radiology clinic. @entity1 SAMPLE: Five subjects (three @entity1 and two @entity1 ; mean age, 31.6 years; @entity5494 [ @entity5494 ], 12.4). METHODS: Each subject was examined by a researcher experienced in manual medicine to assess active range of neck movement and the side and symptomatic segmental level of @entity158 . Subjects then underwent a blinded MRI investigation, which included sagittal images through the entire neck and cervical spine and axial images from C2 to T1. Evidence of capsule or periarticular @entity4 and joint space T2 increase was recorded and scored. Additionally, signs of @entity4 , alignment, @entity66 , facet @entity5144 , and @entity612 were recorded. RESULTS: Subjects presented with mean current @entity158 of 4.8 ( @entity5494 , 1.6; visual analog scale, 0-10), worst @entity158 since onset of 7.0 ( @entity5494 , 0.7), and duration of symptoms of 12.4 hours ( @entity5494 , 14.1). The plane of active motion most commonly limited was rotation to the @entity158 side, followed by side bending to the @entity158 side and extension. No MRI findings demonstrated clear evidence of @entity1143 or @entity32 around the joints of the cervical spine. In some individuals, signs of @entity4 , altered alignment, disc and facet @entity4040 , and @entity612 were noted, but these did not appear to be related to the side of @entity158 or symptomatic level. CONCLUSIONS: No evidence of @entity32 was detected, and more sensitive imaging methods may be required to detect inflammatory changes in or around the cervical joints of subjects with acute @entity4048 . Recruitment of subjects with acute "crick in the neck" @entity158 (<48 hours duration) is difficult but feasible over a long data collection period.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of subjects with acute XXXX and restricted motion: a prospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENT', 'men']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['cervical joint inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['synovial effusion']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['disc disease']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['standard deviation', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity612 :: ('MESH:D013130', 'Disease') :: ['spinal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'muscle edema']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic change']

entities_list: @entity4048 :: ('MESH:D019547', 'Disease') :: ['benign neck pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Zygapophyseal joint injury']

answer: @entity4048 :: (MESH:D019547,Disease) :: ['unilateral neck pain']


abstract: Neutrophil leucocytes are known to migrate actively into 3-dimensional gels of collagen or fibrin. In this paper, we have used such gels to study chemotaxis of @entity1 blood neutrophils towards gradient sources of @entity5037 ( @entity5038 ) using 2 assay systems. The first resembled the micropore filter assay in that neutrophils on the upper surface of collagen gels were allowed to invade in the presence of either an isotropic concentration or a gradient of @entity5038 . Neutrophils invaded the gel vigorously in both cases. The effect of the gradient was assessed by determining the population distribution at different levels in the gel. Cells moving randomly should be distributed normally, and directional locomotion should cause deviation from normal distribution. Such a deviation was seen, but was of marginal significance. A more direct demonstration of chemotaxis was achieved by the second assay in which an agarose slab containing @entity5038 was incorporated into a gel, and the paths of nearby neutrophils were filmed. These cells showed an unequivocal directional response to the @entity5038 gradient. Protein gels can thus be used in the same way as both the presently used filter assays and visual assays using plane substrata, but with the advantage of providing a more physiological environment for the study of chemotaxis than either.

title: The use of collagen or fibrin gels for the assay of XXXX neutrophil chemotaxis.

entities_list: @entity5037 :: ('MESH:D009240', 'Chemical') :: ['formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite a vast literature, @entity731 and the associated @entity63 /reperfusion injuries remain today in many ways a mystery. Why do @entity1856 make and store a supply of @entity165 and @entity597 within the major arteries supplying the heart? Why are treatment programs aimed to suppress certain @entity583 risk factors, such as elevated serum @entity1255 and @entity32 , generally counterproductive? METHODS: Our methods are based on an extensive search of the literature in @entity65 as well as in the area of the unique properties of water, the role of biosulfates in the vascular wall, and the role of electromagnetic fields in vascular flow. Our investigation reveals a novel pathology linked to @entity731 that better explains the observed facts than the currently held popular view. RESULTS: We propose a novel theory that @entity731 can best be explained as being due to @entity4554 deficiency. Furthermore, @entity1856 replenish the supply of @entity165 and @entity597 to the microvasculature, by exploiting the inflammatory agent @entity224 to derive @entity597 from @entity1255 and other @entity599 sources. We argue that the @entity597 anions attached to the glycosaminoglycans in the glycocalyx are essential in maintaining the structured water that is crucial for vascular endothelial health and erythrocyte mobility through capillaries. @entity597 depletion leads to @entity165 accumulation in @entity1856 , because its transport through water-based media depends on sulfurylation. We show that streaming potential induces @entity842 (NO) release, and NO derivatives break down the extracellular matrix, redistributing @entity597 to the microvasculature. We argue that low (less negative) zeta potential due to insufficient @entity597 anions leads to @entity101 and @entity715 , because these responses can increase streaming potential and induce @entity842 mediated vascular relaxation, promoting @entity26 delivery. Our hypothesis is a parsimonious explanation of multiple features of @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: If our interpretation is correct, then it would have a significant impact on how @entity731 is treated. We recommend a high intake of @entity599 -containing foods as well as an avoidance of exposure to toxicants that may impair @entity597 synthesis.

title: A novel hypothesis for @entity731 as a XXXX deficiency syndrome.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4554 :: ('MESH:C007045', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol sulfate']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide', 'nitric-oxide']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous plaques', 'atheromas']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate', 'Sulfate']

answer: @entity4554 :: (MESH:C007045,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol sulfate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity551 is the most common complication after @entity510 for cesarean delivery. Several therapeutic and preventive measures are used to attenuate this side effect. @entity750 receptor-blocking drugs have been suggested as one such approach. We sought to determine whether prophylactically administered intravenous @entity3974 could attenuate @entity551 in @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery performed under @entity510 . METHODS: Eighty-six @entity1 undergoing elective cesarean delivery were recruited and randomly allocated to receive either 8 mg intravenous @entity3974 (group O; n = 44) or placebo (group P; n = 42) in a prospective double-blind design. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were measured at baseline and at 3-minute intervals from the time of initiation of @entity510 until delivery. @entity3974 effect on hemodynamics (SBP, @entity551 ) was quantified and analyzed using a linear mixed effect model. RESULTS: We did not find differences in SBP (P = 0.78), MAP (P = 0.89), DBP (P = 0.82), or HR (P = 0.18) between the 2 groups during the study period. @entity2647 requirements to treat @entity551 were 350  g (175-700  g) in group O and 450  g (300-700  g) in group P (P = 0.30). The incidence of @entity111 was 63% (n = 28 of 44) in group O and 56% (n = 23 of 42) in group P (difference, 0.08 [95% confidence interval, -0.23 to 0.41], P = 0.59). No difference in the incidence of @entity390 and @entity391 or sensory level was found. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3974 premedication does not attenuate hemodynamic changes after @entity510 nor does it reduce the amount of vasopressor use, @entity111 , or @entity390 and @entity391 .

title: XXXX Does Not Attenuate Hemodynamic Changes in @entity1 Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery Using Subarachnoid Anesthesia: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron', 'Ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid anesthesia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['DBP, MAP, and HR', 'Hypotension', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity3974 :: (MESH:D017294,Chemical) :: ['Ondansetron']


abstract: Mechanisms regulating telomerase activity and telomere length remain incompletely understood in @entity1 @entity0 . We therefore studied gene expression for telomeric-repeat binding factors (TRFs) in relation to telomerase activity, telomere length, and clinicopathologic factors in @entity1 @entity0 . Telomerase activity was detected in 65.8% of 38 @entity0 , but none of 16 noncancerous samples. Terminal restriction fragments were longer in noncancerous than in cancerous tissues, but not significantly. Among 8 @entity1 with both @entity5 and paired noncancerous tissue available for terminal restriction fragments length assay, terminal restriction fragments were @entity5 than in paired noncancerous samples in all but one. Significantly more mRNA encoding @entity64710 was detected in noncancerous than in @entity5 tissues. Additionally, expression of @entity64710 mRNA was significantly higher in @entity5 without detectable telomerase activity than in @entity5 showing activity. Expression of these genes tended to show a negative correlation with terminal restriction fragments length, but this was not statistically significant. No correlation was seen between @entity7071 or 2 mRNA expression, and clinicopathologic factors except for @entity7071 with respect to @entity5 size and @entity1420 receptor status. In addition to reactivation of telomerase activity, escape from negative regulation of this activity is needed to maintain telomere length during cell proliferation in @entity0 . Genes encoding telomerase inhibitors might be of value in gene therapy against @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Gene expression for suppressors of telomerase activity (telomeric-repeat binding factors) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'shorter in cancers']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of trancatheter device closure for membranous @entity1757 is still in evolving phase. We report the early and mid-term results of our experience with the new asymmetric Amplatzer membranous @entity1757 occluder. METHODS AND RESULTS: We attempted, transcatheter closure of perimembranous @entity1757 using asymmetric Amplatzer occluder in 26 @entity1 . The @entity1 were selected on the basis of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the @entity1757 . The procedure was successful in 21 (81%) @entity1 . The age ranged from 3 to 23 years, weight from 10 to 59 kg and defect size ranged from 3 to 9 mm (mean: 5 +/- 1.8 mm). One @entity1 had situs inversus with @entity5512 : 11 had aneurysmal tissue partly occluding the defect and the device was deployed either across (n=6) or within the aneurysmal sac (n=5). Three @entity1 developed high degree @entity713 on attempts to cross the defect with the sheath and the procedure was discontinued. In two @entity1 it was not possible to place the sheath in left ventricle despite repeated attempts. There was a residual flow in 4 (19%) @entity1 at 24 hours. Two @entity1 developed @entity5036 and none had complete @entity616 . At follow-up (1-9 months, n=20), residual flow was seen in two @entity1 . None developed late @entity8526 , @entity337 , @entity884 or @entity2142 . CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous @entity1757 can be performed safely and effectively with the new asymmetric Amplatzer occluder device in selected @entity1 with good short- and midterm results. These devices can be deployed safely in and across and the aneurysmal sacs. In selected cases, this procedure is a satisfactory alternative to surgery.

title: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous XXXX with amplatzer membranous occluder.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity5512 :: ('MESH:D003914', 'Disease') :: ['dextrocardia']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defect']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['ventricular septal defect']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Reduction in energy usage has been investigated as the mechanism by which @entity2332 provides protection during @entity63 . We describe experiments using @entity2332 in the @entity95 retina in vitro that show a correlation between @entity2332 -induced reductions in energy usage and neuroprotection. METHODS: We examined energy metabolism and electrophysiological function under control/nonischemic conditions during 1 or 2 hours of " @entity63 " (induced by decreasing @entity413 from 6 to 1 mmol/L and @entity26 from 95 to 15%) and during 3 to 4 hours of "return-to-control" conditions. @entity413 utilization and @entity880 production were measured as indices of energy metabolism, and light-evoked compound action potentials were monitored to assess functional recovery. RESULTS: Nonischemic retinas subjected to both mild (33 +/- 0.5 degrees C) and moderate (30 +/- 0.5 degrees C) @entity2332 exhibited a decrease of 38% in the rate of @entity413 utilization and @entity880 production compared with normothermic retinas (36 +/- 0.5 degrees C) (analysis of variance, P < 0.001). In retinas that were made @entity63 , mild or moderate @entity2332 further reduced the rates of @entity413 utilization (18 and 39%, respectively) and @entity880 production (21 and 28%, respectively) (P < 0.001 for @entity413 , P < 0.01 for @entity880 ). Retinas that had been mildly or moderately hypothermic during @entity63 exhibited improved recovery of @entity413 utilization (65 and 57%, respectively) and @entity880 production (72 and 74%, respectively) compared with normothermic retinas (18% for @entity413 and 54% for @entity880 ; repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < 0.001). Recovery of compound action potentials for retinas kept at 36, 33, and 30 degrees C was 15, 36, and 53%, respectively (repeated-measures analysis of variance, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our studies in an avascular neuronal model of @entity63 demonstrate that @entity2332 protects against @entity63 . We interpret the smaller reductions in energy generation and usage caused by @entity63 when the retinas were hypothermic as evidence that @entity2332 had reduced energy requirements more than energy production, and we propose that this at least in part explains its protection.

title: Metabolic effects of @entity2332 and its neuroprotective effects on the recovery of metabolic and electrophysiological function in the XXXX retina in vitro.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury', 'ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: AIM: To examine cardiovascular health benefits of foods containing a whole @entity1460 extract. METHODS: The study design was a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial of consuming soy-based milk and yoghurt (treatment) or equivalent dairy products (control) for 5 weeks each. Twenty-six mildly hypercholesterolaemic and/or @entity101 volunteers were recruited from the community as study volunteers, of which 23 completed. Main outcome measures included clinic and ambulatory blood pressure, arterial compliance, lipids, @entity1718 and @entity6400 in fasted blood and 24-hour urinary @entity3093 excretion. Nutrient intakes were assessed initially and after each 5-week period. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine predictor variables in statistical models; order effects were tested by repeated measures ANOVA. Changes in Lp(a) were determined by Wilcoxon signed ranks tests; other differences between treatment and control were assessed by t tests. RESULTS: Plasma and urinary @entity6400 were markedly increased by whole soy supplementation but there were no overall differences in plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance between the soy and dairy diets. However, in 8 equol-positive subjects (equol detected in either plasma or urine), retrospective analysis revealed significant reductions in total @entity165 (8.5%), LDL @entity165 (10%), LDL:HDL ratio (13.5%), plasma @entity1674 (21%) and lipoprotein(a) (11%) with the soy diet. These reductions were independent of changes in polyunsaturated fat and other macronutrient intakes. CONCLUSIONS: Regular consumption of whole @entity1460 milk and yogurt products had no effect on plasma lipids, blood pressure or arterial compliance in at-risk subjects, despite substantially increasing @entity3093 levels in blood and urine. Retrospective analysis suggests that improvement of plasma lipids may have been limited to equol-positive subjects.

title: Limited lipid-lowering effects of regular consumption of whole XXXX foods.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: With increasing numbers of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity29 ( @entity29 ), it is important to identify noninvasive methods of detecting disease activity. The aim of this study is to examine the diagnostic accuracy of fecal rapid calprotectin (FC) testing in the detection of endoscopically active @entity29 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 presenting to outpatient clinics with @entity344 were prospectively recruited. @entity1 provided FC samples. Sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for FC were calculated. Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve was used to identify the ideal FC cutoff that predicts @entity66 activity. Correlation between FC and @entity66 activity, disease location, and @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) levels were measured. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-six @entity1 , of whom 52% were females, were included in the final analysis with a mean age of 44.4    16.7 years. Comparing FC to endoscopic findings, the following results were calculated: A cutoff point of 100  g/g showed Sn = 83%, Sp = 67%, @entity2286 = 65%, and NPV = 85%; and 200  g/g showed Sn = 66%, Sp = 82%, @entity2286 = 73%, and NPV = 77%. Based on ROC curve, the best FC cutoff point to predict @entity66 activity was 140  g/g. Using this reference, FC levels strongly correlated with @entity14 and predicted endoscopic activity. CONCLUSIONS: FC is an accurate test when used as an initial screening tool for @entity1 suspected of having active @entity29 . Given its noninvasive nature, it may prove to reduce the need for colonoscopy and be an added tool in the management of @entity29 .

title: Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for XXXX activity in @entity29 : A diagnostic cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic disease']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['lower gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal, ileocolonic, and ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['endoscopic disease']


abstract: The severity of ischaemia in the left ventricle from total @entity1563 is modified by retrograde blood flow through collateral or overlapping vessels, but whether that is true for the right ventricle is not known. The consequences and extent of @entity16 from occlusion of the right coronary artery were studied in anaesthetised @entity235 . In group 1 (n = 9), the right coronary artery alone was occluded; in group 2 (n = 8), the right coronary artery and overlapping vessels from the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were occluded. Occlusion for 2 h caused right ventricular end diastolic pressure to increase by 2.8(SEM 0.4) mm Hg in group 1 (p less than 0.05) and by 1.9(0.5) mm Hg in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Fractional shortening in the ischaemic zone became @entity2845 in group 1: 12.0(1.4)% v 0.1(1.6)%; p less than 0.05; and @entity910 in group 2: 12.1(2.1)% v -1.2(0.9)%; p less than 0.05. In both groups, fractional shortening remained @entity308 during the ensuing 2 h of reperfusion. The incidence of right ventricular free wall @entity39 was 56% in group 1 but 100% in group 2 (p = 0.082). The area of @entity39 , expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was 13.9(6.6)% in group 1 in contrast to 66.9(4.5)% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Both groups had equal involvement of the @entity655 . We conclude that ligating epicardial overlapping vessels in addition to the right coronary artery produces a larger area of right ventricular free wall @entity39 .

title: Do overlapping vessels protect against @entity235 right ventricular infarction after XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damage']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial and subepicardial layers']

answer: @entity1563 :: (MESH:D054059,Disease) :: ['right coronary artery occlusion']


abstract: Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is grown as a spice crop all over the world. The seeds have been used to treat indigestion, @entity6 , @entity627 and @entity158 in the joints. In the present study, an @entity1068 extract of the seeds was investigated for effects on insulin release from the pancreatic beta cells in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital sinus before and 1.5, 3 and 5 h after administration of the seed extract. Serum @entity413 levels were determined by the @entity413 oxidase method. To determine the insulin releasing activity, after extract treatment the animals were anaesthetized by @entity4543 , the pancreas was excised, fixed in 10% @entity406 and embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Pancreatic sections of 5 microm were processed for examination of insulin-releasing activity using an immunocytochemistry kit. The results showed that administration of the @entity1068 extract (200 and 250 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited a significant reduction in serum @entity413 . Administration of @entity3839 decreased the number of beta cells with insulin secretory activity in comparison with intact @entity35 , but treatment with the coriander seed extract (200 mg/kg) increased significantly the activity of the beta cells in comparison with the @entity6 control @entity35 . The extract decreased serum @entity413 in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 and increased insulin release from the beta cells of the pancreas.

title: Effect of coriander seed (Coriandrum sativum L.) @entity1068 extract on insulin release from pancreatic beta cells in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity4543 :: ('MESH:D004986', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyl ether']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transnasal transsphenoidal (TNTS) resection of @entity977 involves wide fluctuation in hemodynamic parameter and causes @entity101 and @entity591 due to intense noxious stimuli during various stages of surgery. None of routinely used anesthetic agents effectively blunts the undesirable hemodynamic responses, and therefore usually there is a need to use increased doses of anesthetic agents. @entity6948 ( @entity9170 ) an a-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, because its sympatholytic and antinociceptive properties may ensure optimal intraoperative hemodynamic stability during critical moments of surgical manipulation. In addition, @entity9170 reduced the anesthetic requirement with rapid recovery at the end of surgery. The main aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of @entity9170 on perioperative hemodynamics, anesthetic requirements, and recovery characteristics in @entity1 undergoing TNTS resection of @entity977 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six @entity1 scheduled for elective TNTS resection of @entity977 were randomized to receive a continuous infusion of @entity9170 (group D) or 0.9% saline (group C). @entity1 in both the groups were subjected to a standardized anesthesia comprising of induction with @entity1875 , @entity3575 , @entity3369 , and positive pressure ventilation with @entity3612 /air (1:1)/ @entity5161 . The response entropy target range during maintenance of anesthesia was 40 to 60. The hemodynamic variables at various stages of surgery, intraoperative anesthetic, and analgesic and recovery characteristics were recorded. RESULTS: Total @entity3575 consumption during the study period was significantly lower in group D compared with group C (4.7 and 7.7   g/kg, respectively; P<0.01). End-tidal @entity5161 concentration requirement was found to be significantly reduced in group D compared with group C throughout the surgical period. @entity3575 and end-tidal @entity5161 concentration requirement was reduced in group D compared with group C by 40% and 33.3%, respectively. Heart rate and mean arterial pressure were significantly higher in the group C compared with group D after intubation, during various stages of surgery and immediately after extubation. The group D had excellent surgical conditions and lesser @entity548 in comparison to group C. Emergence time and extubation time were significantly shorter in group D compared with group C. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9170 as an anesthetic adjuvant improved hemodynamic stability and decreased anesthetic requirements in @entity1 undergoing TNTS resection of @entity977 . In addition, @entity9170 provided better surgical field exposure conditions and early recovery from anesthesia.

title: @entity6948 as an Anesthetic Adjuvant in @entity1 Undergoing Transsphenoidal Resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3369 :: ('MESH:D014673', 'Chemical') :: ['vecuronium']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexmedetomidine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary Tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic effect of age in @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and investigate the incidence of Xp11 translocation @entity1358 in young @entity1 who developed recurrence. METHODS: From 1990 to 2007, 2403 Japanese @entity1 underwent nephrectomy for presumed @entity1358 at 9 institutions. Of those, 1143 @entity1 had localized @entity1358 (Stage pT1-2N0M0). Their clinical data were retrospectively reviewed. In the present study, 131 @entity1 (11%) were considered young ( <=45 years at diagnosis). In the young @entity1 with recurrence, the nephrectomy specimens were immunostained with @entity19409 to determine the incidence of Xp11 translocation @entity1358 . RESULTS: During the median follow-up of 47 months, 3 @entity5 deaths (2.2%) occurred among young @entity1 and 51 (5.0%) among older @entity1 . The 5-year @entity5 -specific survival (CSS) rate was significantly better for the younger @entity1 than for the older @entity1 (P = .049). Multivariate analysis showed that age was significantly associated with CSS, as were the pathologic T stage, @entity5 grade, and symptoms at diagnosis. The hazard ratio of young age was 0.31 (95% confidence interval 0.077-0.87). The recurrence-free survival curves revealed no difference between these 2 groups. Of the 74 @entity1 with recurrence, the CSS after recurrence was significantly better in the younger @entity1 than in the older @entity1 (P = .0010). Of the 8 young @entity1 with recurrence, 4 had Xp11 translocation @entity1358 , and 3 survived for >5 years after recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the older @entity1 , the young @entity1 with @entity1358 had similar recurrence-free survival rates but better CSS rates. This might have been because significant numbers of the young @entity1 had Xp11 translocation @entity1358 .

title: Young age as favorable prognostic factor for @entity5 -specific survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['localized renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity63 and @entity5721 due to tourniquet application during arthroscopy is a well known problem. This study aimed to compare the effects of @entity6948 and @entity3652 on hemodynamic and respiratory variables and on @entity66 ( @entity66 ), @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) as markers of @entity63 - @entity5721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by a local ethics committee. The study was performed on @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic operation under spinal anesthesia. Thirty @entity1 were randomized into two groups: Group D ( @entity6948 ; n=15) and Group K ( @entity3652 ; n=15). Spinal anesthesia at the @entity2586 level was achieved using a 25G spinal needle with hyperbaric @entity1341 at a dose of 12-15 mg in all @entity1 . In Group D, @entity1 were sedated with @entity6948 at a dose of 0.3-0.5  g/kg/h, while Group K received @entity3652 at a dose of 1-1.5 mg/kg/h. Hemodynamic parameters, @entity26 saturation, Ramsey sedation scale (RSS), and @entity66 , @entity66 , and @entity1865 levels were recorded. RESULTS: Demographic parameters, @entity66 , @entity66 and @entity1865 levels were similar between groups. In Group K, the @entity66 levels after tourniquet removal were significantly lower than at baseline and during the use of the tourniquet. Preoperative hemodynamic and respiratory variables were similar in both groups. Blood pressure values were decreased compared to baseline but these decreases were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia, @entity6948 had effects similar to @entity3652 , led to insignificant alterations in hemodynamic and respiratory variables during surgery and had comparable effects on @entity63 - @entity5721 . Thus, we think that @entity6948 can be a safe alternative to @entity3652 as an intraoperative sedative.

title: The effects of @entity6948 on XXXX @entity5721 in @entity1 undergoing arthroscopy under spinal anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['total oxidant status', 'TAS', 'total anti-oxidant status', 'TOS']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity6948 :: ('MESH:D020927', 'Chemical') :: ['dexmedetomidine']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The etiology of @entity295 is broad. The peritoneal cavity displays compartmentalization with respect to inflammatory responses, so peripheral blood responses to @entity295 of abdominal vs. non-abdominal origin are expected to be divergent. Lymphocytes and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells play important roles in survival from @entity295 , as they dampen the neutrophil and macrophage responses. We assessed whether circulating iNKT cells display distinct phenotypic profiles depending on the presence of abdominal vs. @entity1320 with @entity295 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity295 , defined as infection confirmed microbiologically with a @entity1850 ( @entity1850 ), were enrolled prospectively. They were categorized as having either exclusively @entity295 of abdominal or exclusively non-abdominal origin. The white blood cell (WBC) count was recorded. Whole-blood staining with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, V-alpha-24 (to identify iNKT cells), and @entity7986 (marker of early activation) was applied. RESULTS: Of the 53 enrolled @entity1 , 18 had @entity1320 . @entity55 was the most common non-abdominal type. There was no difference in gender, age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, WBC count, or CD3(+) T cells (7.1%  1.6% vs. 6.5%  0.9%; p=0.75) in the two groups. @entity1 with @entity1320 had a higher proportion of iNKT cells (2.7%  1.1% vs. 0.89%  0.14%; p=0.032). Correcting for WBC count, this translated into a higher absolute number of iNKT cells (3.4  1.8*10(7)/L vs. 0.74  0.15*10(7)/L; p=0.03). @entity1 with @entity295 of abdominal origin had a lower percentage of @entity7986 (+) iNKT cells (9.1%  3.1% vs. 27.2%  5.8%; p=0.028). In @entity1 in shock vs. those who were not, @entity1 with @entity1320 exhibited a greater number of iNKT cells (1.47  0.3   v. 0.62  0.1*10(7)/L; p=0.022) and percentage of activated iNKT cells (53  14.5% vs. 17.9  4.8%; p=0.04). @entity1 with @entity1320 who died had a lower absolute number of activated iNKT cells (0.8  1.2*10(7)/L vs. 0.34  0.1*10(7)/L; p=0.023); however, no such shock or @entity204 correlation was noted in @entity1 with @entity295 of abdominal origin. CONCLUSIONS: Divergent @entity295 etiologies display distinct blood iNKT cell population changes. In @entity1320 , this difference was associated with @entity326 and @entity204 . Elucidating the importance and basis for these changes relative to the response to sources of infection will help clarify appropriate diagnosis and management of the @entity1 with @entity295 .

title: Divergent Invariant Natural Killer T-Cell Response to Sepsis of Abdominal vs. Non-Abdominal Origin in XXXX Beings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1850 :: ('MESH:D018746', 'Disease') :: ['systemic inflammatory response syndrome', 'SIRS']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal infection', 'non-abdominal infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Despite dramatic improvements in the management of @entity65 , much remains to be accomplished. Arterial stiffness, through its effects on central aortic pressure, is a key determinant of increased cardiovascular risk. Increased pulse pressure is a late manifestation of increased arterial stiffness. What is needed is a simple, reliable, non-invasive method of detecting early disturbances in central artery stiffness at a time when therapeutic intervention can be most beneficial. Currently, intervention studies support initiating antihypertensive therapy in uncomplicated @entity101 when systolic blood pressure > or = 160 mmHg, whereas the benefit of treating systolic blood pressure of 140-159 mmHg, the largest subset of @entity1 with @entity101 , has yet to be tested in controlled trials. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal target goal for blood pressure reduction in both uncomplicated @entity101 and in @entity101 complicated by @entity6 , @entity301 , or @entity8 . Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors may provide selective cardiac and renal protection beyond their blood pressure-lowering effect in the presence of specific @entity65 and/or @entity6 . In contrast, there is as yet no definitive answer as to the relative benefit of blood pressure lowering versus specific drug effects in minimizing cardiovascular events in uncomplicated @entity101 . Although there has been a recent increase in @entity101 awareness and treatment, only a small percentage of affected individuals are being treated to goal. @entity65 represents a world-wide public health challenge that can be solved only by new innovative measures aimed at both prevention and treatment.

title: Blood pressure and XXXX : what remains to be achieved?

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease', 'hypertensive cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study explored a causal model explaining @entity2 @entity1 currently undertaking Chemotherapy. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 246 @entity2 @entity1 were recruited from six Oncology centers throughout the north of Vietnam. The hypothesized model, consisting of @entity22 , @entity1353 , cough, @entity148 , stage of disease, physical activity, nutritional status, and number of completed chemotherapy cycles, was constructed based on Piper's Integrated Fatigue Model and a review of the literature. RESULTS: All factors, except the number of completed chemotherapy cycles significantly affected @entity1295 . The hypothesized model explained 42.9% of @entity1295 variance. @entity1353 had the largest total effect on @entity1295 (b  =  0.397, p  <  0.01), followed by cough (b  =  0.343, p  <  0.01), @entity22 (b  =  0.318 (p  <  0.01), and @entity148 (b  =  0.115, p  <  0.05). However, @entity22 had the greatest direct effect on @entity1295 . There was also interplay among those four factors in determining @entity1295 . Physical activity and nutrition status had small effects on @entity1295 (b  =  - 0.148, p  <  0.01 and b  =  - 0.156, p  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: The model fits well to explain @entity1295 . Having the largest direct effect on @entity1295 , @entity22 appeared as a factor of choice for future @entity1295 control programs. Due to its higher direct effect on @entity1295 , @entity1353 was recommended over cough for @entity1295 management. Additionally, the interactions among @entity1295 , @entity1353 , and cough suggested that comprehensive programs, which simultaneously address these three symptoms, would be a promising approach for practitioners to consider.

title: A causal model for @entity2 XXXX receiving chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'fatigue in lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to develop a simple method of creating an animal model of non-trauma @entity2738 using African ostriches with weights similar to those of @entity1 . METHODS: Eighteen African ostriches were subjected to liquid nitrogen cryo-insult in the unilateral femoral head through surgical procedures using homemade cryogenic equipment combined with tract drilling inside the femoral head. Three animals were sacrificed at postoperative weeks 6 and 12, respectively, and the remaining animals were sacrificed at postoperative week 24. Bilateral femoral heads were harvested and subjected to gross observation, histological examination using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and radiographic examination. Micro-computed tomography was performed on a portion of the specimens at postoperative week 24, and angiographic examination of the femoral head was performed before sacrificing the animals. RESULTS: Eight ostriches developed a limp at postoperative week 8, with a mean duration of 16.5  weeks. The postoperative femoral head specimens showed changes in contour and articular cartilage degeneration. Sagittal sectioning of the collapsed femoral head specimens revealed distinct boundaries among the osteonecrotic areas, @entity16631 , and normal trabeculae. Histological examinations revealed active bone resorption in the osteonecrotic area of the subchondral bone, an increased number of fat cells, and active trabecular bone regeneration in the @entity16631 . The postoperative radiographic examinations revealed that the height of the femoral head gradually decreased and progressed to collapse. Micro-computed tomography scans showed the interrupted trabecular bone with an irregular shape in the collapsed femoral head. Compared with the normal samples, angiographic findings revealed interrupted blood supply of the cryo-injured samples in some areas of the femoral heads, blood vessel narrowing, and decreased number of blood vessels in the cryo-injured areas. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that an animal model of @entity2738 progressing to collapse can be established via a simplified method of cryosurgery. This model possesses histological features that are similar to those of @entity1 ; thus, it can be used as an ideal animal model for the study of femoral @entity39 .

title: A simple method for establishing an ostrich model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis and collapse', 'osteonecrotic femoral head']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16631 :: ('MESH:C535282', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerotic areas']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head osteonecrosis and collapse']


abstract: @entity28 is associated with increased @entity65 and mortality. We hypothesized that microvascular function may be @entity28 with @entity209 (OB-MetSnd) compared to @entity28 subjects without MetSnd (OB) and @entity392 ( @entity392 ). In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated @entity272 ( @entity272 ) in OB-MetSnd (n=20, 12 @entity1 , BMI=36.5  1.1kg/m(2)), OB (n=25, 16 @entity1 , BMI=34.5  0.7kg/m(2)), and @entity392 (n=30, 22 @entity1 , BMI=22.8  0.3kg/m(2)) groups. @entity272 was evaluated by intravital video-microscopy at rest and after post-occlusive reactive @entity450 (PORH) and @entity450 ( @entity450 ). OB-MetSnd subjects exhibited significant differences in the values of MetSnd components and in leptin and HOMA-IR levels compared to OB and @entity392 individuals. There were no differences in @entity272 among groups in resting conditions. The OB-MetSnd group failed to show a significant increase in the number of recruited capillaries during PORH and @entity450 compared to the @entity272 evaluated at rest. A negative correlation of @entity272 with waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, and HOMA-IR was observed after PORH and @entity450 . When @entity28 subjects were analyzed according to their HOMA-IR quartiles, a significant decrease in @entity272 was observed during POHR (P=0.02). Our findings showed that @entity28 subjects have structural and functional alterations in skin microcirculation that are proportional to the increase in the degree of @entity1144 . In addition, in OB-MetSnd subjects, the cutaneous capillaries at rest are already maximally recruited, indicating an absence of functional capillary reserve. This may be related to the insulin resistance observed in OB-MetSnd individuals.

title: Skin capillary density and microvascular reactivity in @entity28 subjects with and without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'impaired in obese subjects', 'obese']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'venous congestion', 'VC']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['global and central obesity']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin capillary density', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: The present study was performed in order to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of serial @entity165 and @entity1674 measurements in @entity1 with severe burns. One of the main objective was to find out if these parameters are clinically relevant to determine the morbidity of a burn @entity1 and thereby the @entity1 's outcome. In 220 @entity1 with thermal injuries, @entity165 and @entity412 concentrations were measured daily. Blood samples were drawn immediately upon admission and thereafter daily until @entity1 's discharge or @entity204 . For both parameters, a characteristic course was noted: in the group of non-survivors, a decrease of @entity165 prior to @entity204 was noted, while survivors, increased prior to discharge. The time courses of both groups (survivors-non-survivors) differed statistically significantly (P=0.0068). An increase in @entity1674 was observed in all non-survivors prior to @entity204 , but in the group of survivors @entity1674 remained more or less unchanged. These time courses also had statistically significant differences (P=0.0004). In our 220 @entity1 , changes in @entity165 (P<0.0001, hazard ratio 1.02) and @entity1674 (P=0.0008, hazard ratio 1.01) had comparable capability to predict the severity of a burn @entity130 and thereby its outcome than the established parameters in the treatment of burns (total body surface area burned, age, inhalation). We consider the serial measurements of @entity165 and @entity1674 as clinically relevant to assess the morbidity of a @entity1 and thereby to estimate the @entity1 's outcome. We think that these serial measurements provide useful information for the clinician treating @entity1 with severe burns.

title: Serum XXXX and @entity1674 : potential role in mortality prediction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The concept of therapeutic angiogenesis with @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) has been validated in peripheral @entity455 . Its use in @entity741 may be delayed as the result of the description in a porcine model of peripheral vasodilation after intraluminal injections of @entity6667 resulting in a 50% fatality rate by @entity551 . We carried out this study to test whether @entity6667 -induced @entity551 (1) is species specific, (2) is mediated by the receptor mediating angiogenesis, (3) is prevented by inhibition of @entity842 synthase. METHODS: In the @entity95 corneal pocket assay we tested whether a previously published anti-idiotypic antibody (AIA) agonist of the @entity6667 receptor @entity12186 / @entity51034 could elicit angiogenesis. Various doses of recombinant @entity6667 or AIA were injected into anesthetized normotensive @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was recorded. To test the implication of @entity842 in @entity6667 -induced @entity551 we treated the animals with a competitive inhibitor of @entity842 synthase prior to the injection of @entity6667 . RESULTS: Both @entity6667 and AIA induce angiogenesis but only intravenous injections of @entity6667 induced a rapid, transient and dose-dependent decrease in MABP. The ED50 was 0.5 micrograms. The interval between two @entity6667 injections required to lead to a decrease of MABP was 40 minutes. @entity842 synthesis inhibitor prevented, in a reversible fashion, the effect of @entity6667 . CONCLUSION: @entity6667 -induced @entity551 is not species specific. It is prevented by @entity842 inhibition. @entity6667 -induced angiogenesis and @entity551 are not mediated in vivo by the same @entity6667 receptor.

title: Activation of @entity12186 / XXXX mediates angiogenesis but not @entity551 .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity12186 :: (25589(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['KDR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toxocariasis is a zoonotic disease that poses a threat to public health worldwide. This disease primarily affects @entity1 and is caused by the presence in the digestive tract of a @entity9124 of @entity235 , @entity5603 , or @entity468 , @entity9157 . Toxocara is responsible for the presentation of various syndromes in @entity1 depending on the affected organs. METHODS: In this study, the prevalence of anti-T. canis antibodies was investigated in @entity1 aged 3-16 years from semirural populations in the municipalities of Amecameca and Chalco in M  xico. An ELISA was used to determine the presence of anti-T. canis antibodies in blood samples. RESULTS: Of the 183 sera obtained for this study, 22 were positive for anti-T. canis antibodies (12.02  %). Of these, 6.50  % were from males and 5.4  % were from females. Risk factors were investigated and it was found that living near a @entity291 operation had a statistically significant association with (Chi(2)   =   5.51 and p   =   0.01) and was a risk factor for (OR   =   4.25, p   =   0.02) seropositivity to @entity5603 . Keeping @entity235 with short hair (Chi(2)   =   3.24 and p   =   0.07) showed a tendency toward seropositivity for @entity5603 , as did the habit of sleeping with pets (Chi(2)   =   3.46 and p   =   0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Seropositivity to @entity5603 was confirmed in @entity1 in the Amecameca and Chalco regions of M  xico and the risk factors were identified. These findings provide important insight into the prevalence and spread of this zoonotic parasite.

title: Presence of anti-Toxocara canis antibodies and risk factors in XXXX from the Amecameca and Chalco regions of M  xico.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity9157 :: ('6266', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara cati']

entities_list: @entity5603 :: ('6265', 'Species') :: ['Toxocara canis', 'T. canis']

entities_list: @entity9124 :: ('6252', 'Species') :: ['common roundworm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Maternal transfer of metals can be an important exposure route for animals. The maternal transfer of @entity8818 and its effects on reproduction in fish are still largely unknown. In this study, @entity7021 were exposed to a sublethal @entity6596 concentration for 6 days (acute) and for 3 months (chronic). @entity3407 accumulation in the gonads, maternal transfer of @entity8818 , and effects of @entity8818 on the reproduction, histopathology and expressions of antioxidants in the gonads were evaluated. Both acute and chronic exposures resulted in significant @entity8818 accumulation in gonads, eggs and larvae. In chronic @entity8818 -exposed fish, approximately 61% of the @entity8818 accumulated in the ovary was depurated by spawning during the first 3 days after exposure, suggesting that maternal transfer is a very important pathway for accumulation in offspring. The chronic exposure caused decreases in body weight, standard length, gonad weight, gonad-somatic index (GSI) and fecundity. The last of these was most severely affected: the total number of broods and eggs per female decreased by 57.1% and 75.9%, respectively. Moreover, egg weight and fertilization rate were also reduced (by approximately 20%) following chronic @entity6596 exposure. Histopathological analyses showed that the @entity8818 exposure resulted in the onset of follicular @entity1146 and a reduction in the number of mature oocytes, along with a reduction in abundance of mature spermatozoa in testes. The @entity6172 / @entity9492 ratio was greatly elevated after chronic @entity6596 exposure, implying that @entity6172 played a role in scavenging the reactive @entity26 species generated by the reduction of @entity6596 inside cells. This study provides evidence for the maternal transfer of @entity8818 , highlights the importance of spawning in @entity8818 depuration from the ovary, and demonstrates that chronic @entity6596 exposure has serious impacts on reproduction in the @entity7021 . Our results suggest that the issue of chronic @entity8818 pollution deserves more attention than it has received to date.

title: Maternal transfer and reproductive effects of XXXX in @entity7021 ( @entity7021 ) under acute and chronic exposures.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['Chromium']

entities_list: @entity7021 :: ('8090', 'Species') :: ['Japanese medaka']

answer: @entity6596 :: (MESH:C074702,Chemical) :: ['Cr(VI)']


abstract: We report long-term results from a large animal model of in vivo selection. Nine years ago, we transplanted two @entity235 (E900 and E958) with autologous marrow @entity16129 (+) cells that had been transduced with a gammaretrovirus vector encoding a conditionally activatable derivative of the thrombopoietin receptor. Receptor activation through administration of a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) ( @entity16130 or @entity16131 ) confers a growth advantage. We previously reported responses to two 30-day intravenous (i.v.) courses of @entity16130 administered within the first 8 months post-transplantation. We now report responses to 5-day subcutaneous (s.c.) courses of @entity16130 or @entity16131 at months 14, 90, and 93 (E900), or month 18 (E958), after transplantation. Long-term monitoring showed no rise in transduced cells in the absence of drug. Retroviral insertion site analysis showed that 4 of 6 (E958) and 5 of 12 (E900) transduced @entity1583 cell clones persisted lifelong. Both @entity235 were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the gene therapy treatment at 8 years 11 months (E958) and 11 years 1 month (E900) of age. Three clones from E900 remained detectable in each of two secondary recipients, one of which was treated with, and responded to, @entity16131 . Our results demonstrate the feasibility of safely regulating genetically engineered @entity1583 cells over many years.

title: Long-term regulation of genetically modified primary @entity1583 cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the seroprevalence, correlates, and characteristics of undetected @entity66 in a large adult population sample in Cambridge, UK. METHODS: The Cambridge General Practice Health Study invited individuals from 12 general practices, aged 45-76 years, to attend for a health survey that included a bone density measurement, between 1990 and 1995. A total of 7550 participants' serum samples were tested for antiendomysial antibody ( @entity10208 ). Seroprevalence of undetected @entity66 was based on @entity10208 positivity. Differences between @entity10208 positive and negative @entity1 of various physiological correlates and reported characteristics were estimated by multivariate logistic and linear regression and adjusted for age, sex, social class, and smoking behaviour. RESULTS: The seroprevalence of undetected @entity66 in this general population sample aged 45-76 was 1.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9-1.4). @entity10208 positive @entity1 (n=87) were on average slightly lighter by 2.2 kg (p=0.08), were more likely to have reported their general health as being "good or excellent" ( @entity68826 (95% CI 0.90-3.46)), and were less likely to report being a current smoker (OR for current versus never 0.36 (95% CI 0.14-0.90)) than @entity10208 negative @entity1 . @entity10208 positivity was associated with an 8% reduction in mean serum @entity165 (0.5 mmol/l; p<0.01) and reductions in mean haemoglobin (0.3 g/dl; p<0.01), total protein (1.0 g/l; p<0.05), and corrected serum @entity460 (0.02 mmol/l; p<0.05). There was an increased risk of @entity170 in @entity10208 positive @entity1 (OR 3.1 (95% CI 1.3-7.2)) and of mild @entity417 (OR 4.6 (95% CI 2.5-8.2)) compared with @entity10208 negative @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Undetected @entity66 is likely to affect approximately 1% of the population of England aged 45-76 years, a value similar to several other countries. Those affected report "better health" but they do have an increased risk of @entity170 and mild @entity417 . In contrast, they have a favourable cardiovascular risk profile that may afford protection from @entity299 and @entity64 .

title: Seroprevalence, correlates, and characteristics of undetected XXXX in England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is the finding of endometrial glands or stroma in sites other than the uterine cavity. Endometriosis appears to be an @entity172 dependent condition. This hormonal dependency has prompted the therapeutic use of ovulation suppression agents, in an effort to improve subsequent fertility. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of a) ovulation suppression with @entity1872 , @entity11796 , @entity28696 , combined oral contraceptive pills and @entity1176 analogues versus placebo or no treatment and b) any of the above agents versus @entity1872 , for the treatment of @entity46 -associated subfertility. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity1866 and Subfertility Group trial register (searched 30 April 2002), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), MEDLINE (January 1966 to December 1998), EMBASE (January 1985 to December 1997) and reference lists of articles. We also contacted manufacturers and researchers in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Trials comparing the interventions described above, were included if allocation to treatment was based on a random process. Six RCTs with seven treatment arms compared an ovulation suppression agent with placebo or no treatment. Ten trials were identified comparing a suppressive agent with @entity1872 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Relevant data were extracted independently by two reviewers using the standardised data extraction sheet. Validity was assessed in terms of method of randomisation, completeness of follow-up, presence or absence of crossover and co-intervention. 2 x 2 tables were generated for all relevant outcomes. Odds ratios were generated using the Peto modified Mantel-Haenszel technique. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using Breslow-Day X2. MAIN RESULTS: The odds ratio for pregnancy following ovulation suppression versus placebo or no treatment was 0.74 (95%CI 0.48 to 1.15). These data were statistically homogeneous, despite the use of a variety of suppression agents. They suggest no statistically significant benefit from treatment. The odds ratio for pregnancy following all agents versus @entity1872 , the most commonly used agent prior to the advent of @entity4396 agonists ( @entity4397 ), was 1.3 (95% CI 0.97 to 1.76). When GnRHa and @entity1872 were directly compared, the odds ratio for pregnancy across six trials, was similar to the summary statistic for all ten studies: 1.29 (95% CI 0.9 to 1.85). Again, this suggests no statistically significant difference between these interventions. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: These results rule out a benefit of more than a 15% increase in odds, and do not justify the risk of side effects when used as therapy for @entity46 -associated subfertility.

title: Ovulation suppression for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxy progesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['Menstrual Disorders']

entities_list: @entity28696 :: ('MESH:D005867', 'Chemical') :: ['gestrinone']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: Extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent is one of the most frequent complications in @entity5 @entity1 . Full-thickness @entity39 often occurs after extravasation. Alternative approaches to treatment are local wound care, elevation, and @entity2332 . It was shown that heparin prevents @entity39 . In this experimental study, the effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity39 were compared by applying an extravasation model of @entity632 in @entity35 . Forty Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 weighing 250 to 300 g were used. A total of 0.3 ml @entity632 was administered subcutaneously to all @entity35 . Ten minutes later, in the control group (group I), 1 ml normal saline was administered subcutaneously. In the first experimental group (group II), 100 U per day heparin @entity1372 was administered in a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously. In the second experimental group (group III), nadroparin @entity460 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. In the third and last experimental group (group IV), @entity16960 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. All drugs were administered for 2 weeks. Necrotic areas were measured 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test. Heparin fractions caused a decreased @entity1066 rate and size than controls ( < 0.05). There was no superiority among heparin fractions. The authors think that low-molecular weight heparins are preferred, considering the higher risk of @entity548 with unfractionated heparin.

title: Effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity39 resulting from XXXX extravasation: an experimental study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['skin necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin sodium']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: In a 1993 study, M  lsted and colleagues found an increased width of the @entity3384 compared with newborns with @entity2419 . As the @entity542 represents remnants of the early chondrocranium that later ossifies and incorporates in the cranial base, it is possible that an inborn alteration, such as a deviant growth of cartilage, or a delayed maturation in the early development of the cartilaginous cranial base, can affect not only the length and the width of the cranial base, but also the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the nasal septum, as these structures also have a cartilaginous origin. The purpose of the present study was to measure the cranial base width, including the width of the maxilla, and to measure the bilateral angulation of the petrous portion of the temporal bone and the sphenoid bone in 3-month-old @entity1 with complete clefts and in 3-month-old @entity1 with an incomplete @entity3384 , and to compare the two groups. Fifty-two @entity1 with complete clefts (CLP) without associated @entity600 comprised the test group. Forty-eight @entity1 with a minor, incomplete @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) constituted the control group. The results of the comparison showed marked differences between the CLP and @entity3384 groups. In the CLP @entity1 , the cranial base width and the bilateral angulation of the sphenoid bone increased. An increased angulation was also seen between left and right sides of the pars petrosa. Furthermore, increased maxillary width was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cranial base in newborns with XXXX : radiographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['spheno-occipital synchondrosis']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete clefts']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip', 'cleft of the lip', 'CL', 'spheno-occipital synchondrosis in newborns with complete clefts of the lip, alveolus, and palate']

answer: @entity3384 :: (MESH:D002971,Disease) :: ['complete cleft lip and palate']


abstract: A 30-year-old, right handed male was admitted with @entity10 and mild right-sided motor weakness of one year's duration. A CT scan revealed a mass over the left frontal convexity. A cerebral angiogram showed a huge, hypervascular @entity5 which was fed by bilateral external carotid and left internal carotid arteries. Because of its size and location, a surgical intervention was considered contraindicated at that time. Instead he was initially irradiated 52 Gy in total dose with 10MV x-rays (Lineac). A CT scan 4 months thereafter revealed remarkable decrease in the size of @entity5 and reduction of its mass effect. A CT scan 12 months later, however, revealed increase in low density area around mass, although the size of the @entity5 was much smaller than before. He was readmitted for surgery 14 months after irradiation. An angiogram visualized more reduction of @entity5 stain and the caliber of feeding arteries. The @entity5 was totally removed without resultant @entity51 . A histological diagnosis of the @entity5 was @entity1653 with well developed vascular networks. @entity1653 is usually not a radiosensitive @entity5 , but there are some reports of cases with @entity1653 which have been effectively treated with irradiation preoperatively. In the present case, because of a huge @entity5 in the dominant hemisphere, irradiation was given initial and 14 months thereafter the @entity5 was totally removed without @entity51 .

title: [A case of XXXX : the effect of preoperative irradiation].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['hypervascular meningiomas', 'meningotheliomatous meningioma', 'Meningioma']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['hypervascular meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intra-arterial thrombolysis can be used for treatment of basilar @entity432 . Predictors of outcome before initiation of treatment are of special interest. METHODS: From 1992 to 2010, we treated 106 consecutive @entity1 with basilar @entity432 with intra-arterial thrombolysis. Baseline characteristics, treatment, clinical course, and 3-month and long-term outcomes (>= 12 months) were assessed. Outcome parameters were vessel recanalization after treatment, complications, modified @entity2653 (mRS) score, and mortality after 3 months and in the long-term. RESULTS: At 3 months, clinical outcome was good (mRS score, 0-2) in 33.0% of the @entity1 and moderate (mRS score, 3) in 11.3%. Mortality was 40.6%. Partial or complete recanalization was achieved in 69.8% of the @entity1 , and symptomatic @entity932 occurred in 1 @entity1 (0.9%). Between 3-month and long-term follow-up, 22 survivors (40.8%) showed clinical improvement of at least 1 point on the mRS score, 29 (53.7%) were functionally unchanged, and 3 (5.7%) showed functional worsening (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis identified @entity6 as a predictor of poor vessel recanalization (P=0.028). Low baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was identified as a predictor of good or moderate clinical outcome (P<0.0001) and survival (P=0.001) at 3 months, and younger age was identified as an additional predictor of survival (P=0.012). For prediction of long-term clinical outcome, age was also an independent predictor (P=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: In our series, intra-arterial thrombolysis as treatment of basilar @entity432 was safe. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission and age were identified as predictors of outcome, and these predictors should be considered for treatment allocation in future randomized trials.

title: Three-month and long-term outcomes and their predictors in XXXX treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['Rankin scale']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['acute basilar artery occlusion']


abstract: @entity9296 and @entity1085 have rarely been reported. An 88-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of hypochondralgia and @entity1087 . Imaging techniques revealed @entity7252 and a multilocular @entity5 in the fundus of the @entity1085 , and cholecystectomy was performed. Grossly, the @entity5 (3.5 x 3 x 3 cm) was multicystic, containing seromucous fluid. The @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer and subserosa of the @entity1085 fundus, and protruded into the serosal surface, not into @entity1085 lumen. The mucosa appeared free of @entity5 involvement, and no @entity5990 were recognized. Microscopically, the @entity5 was located in the fibromuscular layer, subserosa and tiny focus of the mucosal surface. The @entity5 consisted of mucin-rich benign columnar cells, @entity6349 mucous cells, malignant papillotubular cells and invasive @entity189 cells. Malignant and atypical @entity5 cells were located in the center of the @entity5 and in the tiny area of the mucosal surface, while benign @entity5 cells were located in the peripheral portions of the @entity5 and in the serosal side. Neither @entity43 -like @entity361 nor an oncocytic change in @entity5 cells was recognized. @entity1086 showed chronic @entity2679 . Immunohistochemically, benign and @entity189 cells were positive for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, CA19-9, @entity2355 , @entity5089 and @entity21826 , and @entity189 cells were also positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity876 protein. The present case indicates that @entity7157 without @entity361 may occur in the @entity1085 of old @entity1 , and suggests that @entity9296 without @entity361 may transform into @entity1085 .

title: @entity7157 with @entity9296 elements of the XXXX in an old @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian stroma']

entities_list: @entity1085 :: ('MESH:D005705', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma in the gall bladder', 'cystadenocarcinoma of the gall bladder', 'gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['hepatobiliary cystadenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cystic tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gall stones']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['Non-tumorous gall bladder']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['mesenchymal stroma']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['Hepatobiliary cystadenoma', 'hepatobiliary cystadenoma']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity7252 :: ('MESH:D006431', 'Disease') :: ['hemobilia']

answer: @entity1085 :: (MESH:D005705,Disease) :: ['gall bladder']