abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to be effective for @entity712 . However, as outlined in the AHA/ACC/ @entity9719 Appropriate Use Criteria, CRT is not strongly recommended for @entity1 with a narrow QRS complex. We describe a case of @entity384 and narrow QRS complex in which we obtained a dramatic response to CRT by optimizing the atrioventricular (AV) delay. The @entity1 was a 61-year-old @entity1 with intractable @entity712 . Echocardiography showed a low ejection fraction of 22% but no dyssynchrony. Because he had been hospitalized many times for @entity712 despite b-blocker and diuretic treatment, we decided to use CRT. However, after implantation of the CRT device, the QRS complex widened abnormally, and his symptoms worsened. He was re-admitted 2 months after CRT implantation. We examined the pacemaker status and optimized the AV delay to obtain a "narrow" QRS complex. The @entity1 's condition improved dramatically after the AV delay optimization. His clinical status has been good, and there has been no subsequent hospitalization. Our case points to the effectiveness of CRT in @entity1 with a narrow QRS complex and to the importance of AV optimization for successful CRT.

title: Dramatic Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With AV Delay Optimization in Narrow QRS XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: @entity6 causes @entity231 and certain physical changes in the lens. The @entity6 lens is larger than the non- @entity6 and shows greater light scatter and fluorescence. Both hyperglycaemia and lowering of blood @entity413 case refractive changes and @entity3467 is the most common. @entity1624 ' juvenile @entity231 associated with hyperglycaemia is now rare. It has an osmotic mechanism. @entity6 is a risk factor for @entity231 in adults which is duration dependent, more frequent in @entity1 and leads to earlier surgery. It resembles @entity6 . Extracapsular @entity231 extraction is the method of choice for @entity6 with a better visual result and less risk of @entity2296 . A posterior chamber implant may still permit @entity2479 if necessary. @entity6 is still the leading cause of @entity1939 in the working age group. The beneficial effect of photocoagulation has been shown by randomized controlled trials to be long-lasting for both @entity989 and @entity1020 . Therefore there is a need for screening, especially for those with @entity66 which may be present without symptoms. A knowledge of risk factors will enhance detection rate with duration as the strongest determinant for @entity989 . Any screening modality should be highly sensitive as well as specific. The role of different professionals as potential screeners should be considered. Adequate provisions include facilities for checking vision and for dimming ambient lighting. @entity5564 and a good ophthalmoscope light will increase detection rate. The use of a 45 degrees non-mydriatic camera is unlikely to supplant the use of an ophthalmoscope as a single field is likely to miss important lesions. A 60 degrees camera may confer a large enough field and the use of transparencies will provide magnification when films are projected but the camera is more difficult to use. A list of features chosen by a recent study to characterize sight-threatening @entity989 is included and their presence indicates the need for referral to an ophthalmic clinic for treatment or close observation.

title: @entity231 and XXXX : screening for treatable @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic cataract', 'non-diabetic senile cataract', 'diabetic', 'Diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal photocoagulation']

entities_list: @entity3467 :: ('MESH:D006956', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetropia']

entities_list: @entity2296 :: ('MESH:C538115', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis iridis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['Mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ["Classical 'snow-flake"]

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the degree of articular cartilage degeneration after subtotal/total lateral meniscectomy in @entity1 who later undergo isolated @entity8 ( @entity8 ). It has not yet been studied whether arthritic changes as shown on radiographs were lower during the posttransplantation period than during the meniscus-deficient period. HYPOTHESIS: Articular cartilage will significantly degenerate during the meniscus-deficient period, but the progression in radiographic @entity4040 is reduced after @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed 49 @entity1 who underwent subtotal/total lateral meniscectomy before isolated @entity8 performed over 1 year later by the same surgeon. International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) grades of the femorotibial joint at the time of subtotal/total meniscectomy and at @entity8 were compared. Radiographic evaluation was performed at the time of initial meniscectomy, @entity8 , and the latest follow-up in 38 @entity1 (after 11 @entity1 whose radiographs showed incomplete ossification at the time of meniscectomy were excluded). @entity4040 , based on Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grades, was determined on standing anteroposterior views. Joint space width (JSW) was measured on weightbearing flexion posteroanterior views. RESULTS: Over a mean meniscus-deficient period of 4.5 years (range, 1-13 years), articular cartilage significantly degenerated on the femoral and tibial sides (P < .001). Grade >= 3 degeneration on the lateral tibial plateau was observed in 13 @entity1 (27%) at the time of initial meniscectomy; this incidence doubled to 28 @entity1 (57%) by the time of @entity8 . The K-L grades worsened (P < .001) and JSWs narrowed significantly (-0.65    1.09 mm; P = .001) during the mean meniscus-deficient period of 3.1 years. At radiographic assessment, however, the K-L grades (P = .097) and JSWs (4.06    1.19 vs 3.92    1.21 mm; mean difference, -0.14    0.68 mm; P = .213) did not significantly change during the mean posttransplantation period of 3.8 years. The changes in ICRS grade and JSW during the meniscus-deficient period were not associated with age, body mass index, mechanical axis deviation, or Tegner activity level (P > .05 for all relationships). CONCLUSION: @entity1 who underwent isolated @entity8 showed substantial articular cartilage degeneration at the time of initial subtotal/total lateral meniscectomy, and this degeneration progressed thereafter. Further progression of radiographic @entity4040 was delayed after @entity8 .

title: Articular Cartilage Degenerates After Subtotal/Total Lateral Meniscectomy but Radiographic XXXX Progression Is Reduced After Meniscal Transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['lateral meniscal allograft transplantation', 'LMAT']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['arthrosis', 'Arthrosis']

answer: @entity4040 :: (MESH:C537208,Disease) :: ['Arthrosis']


abstract: Cytochemical assessments of the nuclear DNA contents in @entity189 of the breast can be used for both prognostic and diagnostic purposes. Two main techniques are currently being used, viz. flow cytometry (FCM) and microspectrophotometry (MSP). An account of their advantages and disadvantages is given. In addition, an old, rather crude, cytophotometric technique can be used for histopathological sections of @entity982 -embedded specimens. The principal sampling procedures are fine-needle aspiration biopsy and the so-called imprint technique, where the specimens are made from the cut surface of the freshly excised operation specimen. @entity982 -embedded histopathological material can also be used, applying a newly developed MSP procedure, where isolated nuclei from deparaffinized/disintegrated specimens are analyzed. Most important is that intact cell nuclei, representative for the whole tumour nodule, can be obtained. The simultaneous use of FCM and MSP is also of utmost importance for the reliability in the interpretation of the results. Then, a kind of "DNA malignancy grading" is obtained that in several investigations has proven itself to be an excellent prognosticating tool that can be used for making an adequate choice of therapy for the individual @entity1 . The diagnostic value of the results of the cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA distribution patterns is not so high as the prognostic one. Tumours with a diploid type of nuclear DNA content can be found both among benign and @entity5 . However, a @entity5 with an aneuploid DNA distribution pattern can almost certainly be considered highly malignant.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA contents in XXXX adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland.

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin', 'paraffin']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Activation of @entity23710 ( @entity23710 ) inhibits @entity731 but induces @entity2298 . In vitro, it has been shown that @entity8838 ( @entity8838 ) inhibitor synergizes @entity23710 ligand-induced macrophage @entity23711 expression and @entity165 efflux. In this study, we determined whether @entity8838 ( @entity5732 ) and @entity23710 ligand ( @entity18340 ) can have a synergistic effect on the reduction of @entity731 while eliminating @entity23710 ligand-induced @entity1560 and @entity2298 . We also set out to identify the cellular mechanisms of the actions. APPROACH AND RESULTS: Wild-type @entity19 were used to determine the effect of @entity5732 on a high-fat diet or high-fat diet plus @entity18340 -induced @entity2299 and @entity99 . @entity6970 deficient ( @entity6970 (-/-)) @entity19 or @entity19 with advanced lesions were used to determine the effect of the combination of @entity18340 and @entity5732 on @entity731 and @entity2298 . We found that @entity5732 protected animals against @entity18340 -induced transient or long-term hepatic lipid accumulation, @entity99 , and @entity2298 . Meanwhile, the combination of @entity18340 and @entity5732 inhibited the development of @entity731 in a synergistic manner and @entity75 . Mechanistically, in addition to synergistic induction of macrophage @entity23711 expression, the combination of @entity5732 and @entity18340 maintained arterial wall integrity, inhibited macrophage accumulation in aortas and formation of macrophages/foam cells, and activated reverse @entity165 transport. The inhibition of @entity18340 -induced lipid accumulation by the combined @entity5732 might be attributed to inactivation of lipogenesis and activation of lipolysis/ @entity844 oxidation pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that the combination of @entity8838 inhibitor and @entity23710 ligand can function as a novel therapy to synergistically reduce @entity731 while eliminating @entity23710 -induced deleterious effects.

title: Inhibition of ERK1/2 and Activation of @entity23710 Synergistically Reduce Atherosclerotic Lesions in @entity6970 -Deficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty livers']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['transient dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['reduced advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity8838 :: ('26395;26396', 'Gene') :: ['mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2', 'MEK1/2']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: This study investigated whether @entity1242 can improve @entity63 zone blood flow and function when its infusion is delayed following left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion. @entity1242 (200 micrograms/min, 11 @entity235 ) or saline (six @entity235 ) was infused for 2 hours starting 2 hours after occlusion. Regional @entity296 ( @entity296 ) was measured (9 +/- 1 micron radioactive microspheres) before and at 2 and 4 hours after occlusion. Segmental contraction was determined by cineroentgenography of implanted @entity11608 markers. For all @entity63 samples (defined as @entity296 less than or equal to 0.4 ml/min/gm), the average improvement in @entity296 in the epicardial half (EPI) was 0.05 +/- 0.02 ml/min/gm (mean +/- SEM) with @entity1242 vs 0.06 +/- 0.06 with saline (p greater than 0.5). Improvement in the endocardial half (ENDO) averaged 0.03 +/- 0.03 ml/min/gm with @entity1242 vs 0.09 +/- 0.08 with saline (p = 0.5). Contraction in the @entity63 zone ceased following occlusion and was unaffected by @entity1242 or saline. Control blood flows in the @entity63 region were 22% less in the ENDO (p less than 0.001) and 19% less in the EPI (p less than 0.005) than in nonischemic myocardium. These results indicate that 2 hours after @entity432 in @entity235 , @entity1242 was unable to improve @entity63 zone collateral flow or contractile function compared to untreated controls. Lower @entity63 zone control flows indicate that @entity1188 volume expansion may occur within 4 hours after @entity1563 .

title: Failure of @entity1242 introduced after prolonged myocardial ischemia to improve collateral blood flow and function in tranquilized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['MBF', 'myocardial blood flow']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['LAD occlusion']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: C57BL/6 (B6) @entity19 were injected i.v. with class I H-2-disparate B10.QBR spleen cells (10(7)/ @entity19 ). This regimen, termed donor alloantigen-specific i.v. pre-sensitization (DSP), induced almost complete reduction of the anti-B10.QBR mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) that has been regarded to represent a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-independent graft rejection pathway. Because the DSP regimen failed to affect the generation of CTL responses, it did not prolong graft survival. Repeated (four or 11 times) administration in vivo (during 5 or 18 days) of @entity3446 at suboptimal doses (0.5-2.0 mg/kg/day) failed to eliminate the capacities to exhibit MLR as well as to generate CTL responses. The suppression of CTL responses was achieved only through the combination of these two treatments. It was also shown that prolongation of skin graft survival was not induced by either of a single DSP or @entity3446 treatment alone, but by the combination of these. Potent suppression of CTL responses was also induced when a single DSP was combined with repeated injection of a suboptimal dose (0.75 mg/kg/day) of another immunosuppressive drug, @entity1140 , instead of @entity3446 . However, there was a substantial difference in cellular mechanisms underlying the suppression of CTL responses by the above two different combinations. Under conditions in which lymphoid cells from @entity19 receiving the treatments with DSP plus @entity1140 failed to generate CTL responses, the addition of recombinant @entity2047 ( @entity5041 ) to cultures restored the CTL generation, suggesting that CTL precursors themselves are not attenuated by the combined treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Suppression of allograft responses by combining alloantigen-specific i.v. pre-sensitization with suboptimal doses of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association of @entity215 with total @entity1700 (TAPVD) is rare. We report our experience with this condition and review the literature. METHODS: Between January 1997 and May 2008, 6 @entity1 (aged 3 months to 5 years; median weight, 10 kg) with combined @entity215 with TAPVD underwent complete primary repair at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Their records were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A correct preoperative diagnosis was available in 5 @entity1 by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Four @entity1 had supracardiac TAPVD, and 1 each had TAPVD to the coronary sinus and right atrium. There were no early or late deaths. Median follow-up was 37.5 months +/- 46.8 months (range, 2 to 112). All @entity1 are in New York Heart Association class I. Follow-up echocardiograms have revealed no significant abnormalities and have documented normal biventricular function and pulmonary artery pressures. One @entity1 underwent a 24-hour Holter examination at 68 months of follow-up for investigation of a new-onset 2:1 @entity713 , for which a permanent pacemaker implantation is planned. CONCLUSIONS: When diagnosed accurately, complete primary repair is possible in @entity1 with @entity215 and TAPVD and the outcomes are satisfactory with planned surgery.

title: Tetralogy of Fallot with total XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity1700 :: ('MESH:D012587', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

answer: @entity1700 :: (MESH:D012587,Disease) :: ['anomalous pulmonary venous drainage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2478 is the most common @entity5 of childhood, with a prevalence ranging from 1 to 3%. Periorbital haemangiomas can cause @entity4457 secondary to @entity9340 , induced @entity940 , strabismus or occlusion of the @entity227 . Oral and intralesional @entity230 are considered to be the most accepted form of primary treatment. The authors have been performing early surgery as definitive treatment in selected lesions and believe it has an important role. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 17 @entity1 (2-20 months old) seen between 1996 and 2002 was carried out. Indications for surgery in the present series were @entity940 , rapid growth, @entity4457 and obscuration of the @entity227 . Thirteen were treated primarily with surgery and the other four were treated with other methods prior to considering surgery. Preoperative computed tomography scans were obtained when indicated. RESULTS: Fourteen lesions were completely excised; residual tissue was deliberately left in order to preserve vital structures in three cases. No major surgical complications were noted. One @entity1 with residual tissue after surgery, who had proliferation of the remaining tissue, developed @entity4457 and @entity1736 . One @entity1 had a mild @entity1736 postoperatively that resolved after 6 months. Follow up was for an average 11.1 months. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention should be considered in a multidisciplinary team approach as a primary treatment option with selected, @entity3491 , without a significant cutaneous component. Surgery is a safe, effective treatment for selected lesions, provides a definitive early treatment, and prevents @entity940 and occlusion-related @entity4457 .

title: Early surgical intervention as definitive treatment for ocular adnexal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual axis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital and eyelid tumour']

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['Capillary haemangioma']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['isolated haemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity9340 :: ('MESH:D015858', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropia']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['anisometropic amblyopia', 'amblyopia']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['capillary haemangioma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Kalanchoe crenata popularly known as " @entity235 's liver" is used in most African countries for the treatment of @entity102 such as @entity6 , @entity565 and @entity645 / @entity791 related @entity281 . The evaluation of K. crenata for herb-drug interactions has not been reported. This study therefore aims to evaluate the risk of K. crenata for herb-drug interaction in vitro. Crude @entity1042 and fractions of K. crenata were incubated and preincubated with recombinant @entity1 @entity4433 and @entity5322 . Comparative studies were conducted in both @entity1 liver microsomes and recombinant @entity1 CYP to ascertain the inhibition profile of the crude extract and the various fractions. The cocktail approach of recombinant @entity1 CYPs was conducted to confirm the inhibition potential of the fractions in the presence of other CYPs. The results showed significant time-dependent inhibition of tested samples on @entity5322 with crude @entity1042 (39KC), fractions 45A, 45B and 45D given IC50 fold decrease of 3.29, 2.26, 1.91 and 1.49 respective. Time dependent kinetic assessment of 39KC and 45D showed KI and kinact values for 39KC as 1.77 g/mL and 0.091 min-1 while that of 45D were 6.45  g/mL and 0.024 min-1 respectively. Determination of kinact based on IC50 calculations yielded 0.015 and 0.04 min-1 for 39KC and 45D respectively. Cocktail approach exhibited fold decreases in IC50 for all test fractions on @entity5322 within the ranges of 2.10 - 4.10. At least one phytoconstituent in the crude @entity1042 extract of Kalanchoe crenata is a reversible and time-dependent inhibitor of @entity5322 .

title: In Vitro Evaluation of Reversible and Time-Dependent Inhibitory Effects of Kalanchoe Crenata on @entity4433 and XXXX Activity.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which was related with an acquired resistance to @entity4562 , was found in the @entity2 cell line. However, the clinical feasibility of this finding is still questionable. Here, we investigated whether EMT could be detected in a more clinically suitable situation using @entity1 's @entity5 and cells with deletion mutation on exon 19 of @entity470 gene. METHODS: @entity1 cell line was used to establish the subline resistant to @entity470 -TKIs. The induction of EMT was analyzed by immunostainings and Western blots in resistant cells and biopsied tissue from a @entity1 with acquired resistance to @entity3866 . Migration and invasion assay was performed to characterize the resistant cells. EMT-related genes expression was evaluated by cDNA microarray. Phospho-receptor @entity669 kinase array analysis was carried out to find bypass activating signals such as MET. RESULTS: We found that EMT developed in a @entity2 @entity1 who had an acquired resistance to @entity3866 while there were no known resistant mechanisms such as @entity9513 and MET amplification. CL-387,785-resistant cells (HCC827/CLR) were obtained by long-term exposure to increasing concentrations of CL-387,785 (an irreversible @entity470 -TKI). The morphological and molecular maker changes compatible with EMT were also found in @entity1 /CLR cells. However, there were also no secondary @entity9513 mutation and MET amplification. Furthermore, the activity of most of tested RTKs including receptor HER family was decreased suggesting that there was no bypass activating signal leading to resistance. These cells showed an enhanced capability for migration (   1.6-fold) and invasion (   2.8-fold). CONCLUSION: EMT should be considered as one of possible mechanisms for the acquired resistance to @entity470 -TKIs in @entity2 cells.

title: Clinical and molecular evidences of epithelial to mesenchymal transition in acquired resistance to XXXX -TKIs.

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'A549 lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Two large trials have reported contradictory results at 1 year after @entity715 aspiration in @entity583 ( @entity583 ). In a 1-year follow-up of the largest randomised trial of @entity715 aspiration, we aimed to clarify the longer-term benefits, to help guide clinical practice. METHODS: The trial of routine aspiration ThrOmbecTomy with PCI versus PCI ALone in @entity1 with @entity583 (TOTAL) was a prospective, randomised, investigator-initiated trial of routine manual thrombectomy versus percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) alone in 10   732 @entity1 with @entity583 . Eligible adult @entity1 (aged >= 18 years) from 87 hospitals in 20 countries were enrolled and randomly assigned (1:1) within 12 h of symptom onset to receive routine manual thrombectomy with PCI or PCI alone. Permuted block randomisation (with variable block size) was done by a 24 h computerised central system, and was stratified by centre. @entity1 and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. The trial did not show a difference at 180 days in the primary outcome of @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity1455 , or @entity712 . However, the results showed improvements in the surrogate outcomes of @entity1347 , but whether or not this finding would translate into a longer term benefit remained unclear. In this longer-term follow-up of the TOTAL study, we report the results on the primary outcome ( @entity65 , @entity583 , @entity1455 , or @entity712 ) and secondary outcomes at 1 year. Analyses of the primary outcome were by modified intention to treat and only included @entity1 who underwent index PCI. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01149044. FINDINGS: Between Aug 5, 2010, and July 25, 2014, 10   732 eligible @entity1 were enrolled and randomly assigned to thrombectomy followed by PCI (n=5372) or to PCI alone (n=5360). After exclusions of @entity1 who did not undergo PCI in each group (337 in the PCI and thrombectomy group and 331 in the PCI alone group), the final study population comprised 10   064 @entity1 (5035 thrombectomy and 5029 PCI alone). The primary outcome at 1 year occurred in 395 (8%) of 5035 @entity1 in the thrombectomy group compared with 394 (8%) of 5029 in the PCI alone group (hazard ratio [HR] 1  00 [95% CI 0  87-1  15], p=0  99). @entity65 within 1 year occurred in 179 (4%) of the thrombectomy group and in 192 (4%) of 5029 in the PCI alone group (HR 0  93 [95% CI 0  76-1  14], p=0  48). The key safety outcome, @entity64 within 1 year, occurred in 60 @entity1 (1  2%) in the thrombectomy group compared with 36 (0  7%) in the PCI alone group (HR 1  66 [95% CI 1  10-2  51], p=0  015). INTERPRETATION: Routine @entity715 aspiration during PCI for @entity583 did not reduce longer-term clinical outcomes and might be associated with an increase in @entity64 . As a result, @entity715 aspiration can no longer be recommended as a routine strategy in @entity583 . FUNDING: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Canadian Network and Centre for Trials Internationally, and Medtronic Inc.

title: Outcomes after @entity715 aspiration for XXXX : 1-year follow-up of the prospective randomised TOTAL trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'ST elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment resolution and distal embolisation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular death', 'Cardiovascular death']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['ST elevation myocardial infarction']


abstract: This study examines the structure of mucosal glands in the walls of the hamster maxillary recess, compares the histochemical appearance of nasal glands to their @entity3167 content, and determines the vulnerability of nasal glands to @entity4316 @entity137 . Observations were made on plastic-embedded tissue with light and transmission electron microscopes. Determinations of total @entity3167 in mucosal samples were conducted with @entity4466 . Experimental hamsters were administered 0.2 micrograms of @entity4316 (IP)/gm body weight/day for five days. Types of granules present in the later nasal gland (LNG) and glands of the maxillary recess (MRGs) include: 2.0 micrometers lightly basophilic, lightly electron-dense granules and 1.5 micrometers strongly basophilic, electron-dense granules in the same acinar cell type in both the LNG and MRGs; 1.5 micrometers metachromatic granules in some acinar cells of the LNG; 1.0 micrometer moderately electron-dense granules in cells of @entity5755 ducts; and 0.7 micrometers electron-dense granules in cells of LNG intercalated ducts. Acid glycoproteins, demonstrable by histochemistry, are present in the LNG but not in the MRGs. However, the total @entity3167 content of tissues from @entity5755 tissue is greater than that of other tissues measured. A minor number of LNG acini, those with metachromatic granules, have branching basal cytoplasmic projections. Many dark cells are present in striated ducts of the LNG. Histological alteration due to @entity4316 @entity137 , conspicuous in parotid salivary parenchyma, is greater in @entity5755 than in LNG tissue.

title: Hamster nasal glands: their structure, @entity3167 content, and vulnerability to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3167 :: ('MESH:D019158', 'Chemical') :: ['sialic acid']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin', 'actinomycin-D', 'actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

answer: @entity4316 :: (MESH:D003609,Chemical) :: ['actinomycin D']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe 2 cases of @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) following the administration of @entity1156 -adjuvanted @entity683 vaccine. CASE SUMMARY: An 83-year-old white @entity1 developed persistent @entity590 , @entity4841 , and @entity6250 about 2 days after receiving @entity683 vaccine. Clinical signs and laboratory evaluations suggested @entity5506 . The @entity1 was treated with high-dose corticosteroids and immunoglobulins, and her clinical condition improved. A 74-year-old white @entity1 developed severe @entity490 and @entity1395 3 days after the administration of @entity683 vaccine. Clinical signs and laboratory evaluations disclosed @entity5506 . She was treated with @entity288 , rehydration, and blood transfusion; however, she died about 48 hours after hospitalization. DISCUSSION: @entity5506 has been rarely described following @entity683 vaccine administration. In the cases described here, the causal relationship between @entity683 vaccination and the occurrence of @entity5506 , assessed by means of World Health Organization criteria, was scored as probable. It has been proposed that the mechanism whereby vaccines induce @entity792 can be molecular mimicry, although a possible role of other vaccine constituents, with particular regard for adjuvants, such as @entity1156 , can not be excluded. @entity24288 , a constituent of @entity1156 , has been suggested as a causative agent of autoimmune reactions. However, it is not clear how and under what conditions squalene can cause immune responses. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination may rarely trigger severe @entity5506 , shortly after vaccine administration. A mechanism of molecular mimicry is probably involved in the development of these reactions, although the possible role of adjuvants can not be excluded. @entity1 should be instructed to report signs and symptoms of @entity792 occurring in the first weeks after administration of @entity683 vaccine.

title: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia following XXXX -adjuvanted @entity683 vaccine administration: a report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity6250 :: ('MESH:D038061', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb hypostenia']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune responses', 'autoimmune disorders']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['polyarthralgia']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpyrexia']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1156 :: (MESH:C089950,Chemical) :: ['MF59']


abstract: Provider knowledge is a potential barrier to adherence to clinical guidelines. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of organizational, provider, and guideline factors on provider knowledge of a @entity712 ( @entity712 ) clinical practice guideline (CPG) in the @entity283 ( @entity283 ) health care system. We developed a survey to investigate institution-level factors influencing the effectiveness of guideline implementation, including characteristics of the guideline, providers, hospital culture and structure, and regional network. Survey @entity1 were quality managers, primary care administrators, and other individuals involved in primary care CPG implementation at 143 @entity283 hospitals with ambulatory care clinics. Potential explanatory variables were grouped into 11 factors. Multivariate regression models assessed the association between these factors and reported levels of provider knowledge regarding the @entity712 guideline at the hospital level. Two hundred forty surveys from 126 of 143 (88%) @entity283 hospitals were returned. Provider knowledge of the @entity712 guideline was estimated as "great" or "very great" by 58% of respondents. Three predictor factors (dissemination approaches, use of technology in guideline implementation, and hospital culture) were independently associated (P < or = .05) with provider knowledge. Specific variables within these categories that were related to greater knowledge included physician belief that guidelines were applicable to their practice, distribution of guideline summaries, use of guideline storyboards in clinic areas, the use of technology (eg, electronic @entity1 records) in CPG implementation, and establishment of implementation checkpoints and deadlines. Provider knowledge of guidelines is affected by factors at various organizational levels: dissemination approaches, use of technology, and hospital culture. Guideline implementation efforts that target multiple organizational levels may increase provider knowledge.

title: What factors influence provider knowledge of a XXXX guideline in a national health care system?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['Veterans Health Administration', 'VHA']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: The severity of ischaemia in the left ventricle from total @entity1563 is modified by retrograde blood flow through collateral or overlapping vessels, but whether that is true for the right ventricle is not known. The consequences and extent of @entity16 from occlusion of the right coronary artery were studied in anaesthetised @entity235 . In group 1 (n = 9), the right coronary artery alone was occluded; in group 2 (n = 8), the right coronary artery and overlapping vessels from the left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries were occluded. Occlusion for 2 h caused right ventricular end diastolic pressure to increase by 2.8(SEM 0.4) mm Hg in group 1 (p less than 0.05) and by 1.9(0.5) mm Hg in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Fractional shortening in the ischaemic zone became @entity2845 in group 1: 12.0(1.4)% v 0.1(1.6)%; p less than 0.05; and @entity910 in group 2: 12.1(2.1)% v -1.2(0.9)%; p less than 0.05. In both groups, fractional shortening remained @entity308 during the ensuing 2 h of reperfusion. The incidence of right ventricular free wall @entity39 was 56% in group 1 but 100% in group 2 (p = 0.082). The area of @entity39 , expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was 13.9(6.6)% in group 1 in contrast to 66.9(4.5)% in group 2 (p less than 0.05). Both groups had equal involvement of the @entity655 . We conclude that ligating epicardial overlapping vessels in addition to the right coronary artery produces a larger area of right ventricular free wall @entity39 .

title: Do overlapping vessels protect against XXXX right ventricular infarction after @entity1563 ?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic damage']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity655 :: ('MESH:C535504', 'Disease') :: ['subendocardial and subepicardial layers']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A short-term high-fat diet impairs mitochondrial function and the ability of skeletal muscle to respond to growth stimuli, but it is unknown whether such a diet alters the ability to respond to @entity194 signals. The purpose of this study was to determine whether rapid weigh gain induced by a high-fat (HF) diet accelerates denervation-induced @entity2057 . METHODS: Adult, male @entity19 (C57BL/6) were fed a control or HF (60  % calories as fat) diet for 3  weeks (3wHF). Sciatic nerve was sectioned unilaterally for the final 5 or 14  days of the diet. Soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were removed and incubated in vitro to determine rates of protein degradation and subsequently homogenized for determination of protein levels of @entity22227 , ubiquitination, myosin heavy chain (MHC) distribution, and mitochondrial subunits. RESULTS: When @entity19 were fed the 3wHF diet, whole-body fat mass more than doubled, but basal (innervated) muscle weights, rates of protein degradation, @entity22227 content, mitochondrial protein content, and myosin isoform distribution were not significantly different than with the control diet in either soleus or EDL. However in the 14  day denervated soleus, the 3wHF diet significantly augmented loss of mass, proteolysis rate, amount of the autophagosome marker @entity22227 II, and the amount of overall ubiquitination as compared to the control fed @entity19 . On the contrary, the 3wHF diet had no significant effect in the EDL on amount of mass loss, proteolysis rate, @entity22227 levels, or ubiquitination. Fourteen days denervation also induced a loss of mitochondrial proteins in the soleus but not the EDL, regardless of the diet. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, a short-term, high-fat diet augments denervation @entity2057 by induction of protein degradation in the mitochondria-rich soleus but not in the glycolytic EDL. These findings suggest that the denervation-induced loss of mitochondria and HF diet-induced impairment of mitochondrial function may combine to promote skeletal @entity2057 .

title: Short-term, high-fat diet accelerates disuse XXXX and protein degradation in a muscle-specific manner in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An internal abdominal herniation is the protrusion of a viscus through a normal or abnormal mesenteric or peritoneal aperture. It is a rare cause of @entity1744 with a reported incidence of 0.2-0.9%. It can either be acquired through a @entity130 or surgical procedure or can be related to @entity6378 . Herniation through transverse mesocolon is very rare. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A case of @entity1321 due to internal herniation through a congenital rent in transverse mesocolon with rotation of gut approximately 180   around axis of the band. @entity1 also had bilateral hypoplastic thenar muscles with rudimentary 1st metacarpals and high arched feet. Reduction along with derotation of gut, with closure of the rent in transverse mesocolon and fixation of the caecum to lateral peritoneum was performed. DISCUSSION: The preoperative diagnosis of @entity154 is difficult because of wide range of acute abdominal symptoms, and there are no specific radiographic findings. CT is the most important diagnostic tool is, with 77% accuracy in such cases. Due to the risk of strangulation of the hernial contents, even small internal hernias are dangerous and may be lethal. CONCLUSION: Internal @entity547 should be suspected in @entity1 with signs and symptoms of @entity1321 , particularly in the absence of inflammatory @entity1944 , external @entity547 or previous laparotomy. Surgical decision-making is on the basis of clinical findings of @entity1944 or @entity63 , and emergency laparotomy should be performed without preoperative diagnosis of such a @entity395 .

title: An unusual case of transverse mesocolic internal XXXX with abnormality of both hands and high arched feet.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric defect']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal diseases', 'intestinal strangulation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['congenital peritoneal defects']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'acute intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disease']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical @entity5 is chemoradiation, with the majority of @entity1 having a complete response to the therapy. The current surveillance recommendations from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology include annual cytology, with a small proportion of @entity1 subsequently diagnosed with high-grade cervical @entity1141 (CIN 2/3). To date, there is limited information regarding the optimal treatment and outcome for @entity1 diagnosed with CIN 2/3. The current report describes the diagnosis, management and outcome of 4 @entity1 diagnosed with CIN 2/3 following chemoradiation. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe 4 @entity1 who developed CIN 2/3 seven months to 8 years following radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical @entity5 . All 4 @entity1 were asymptomatic and the abnormalities were first detected by a Pap test. Three of the @entity1 were managed conservatively with observation, and the CIN 2/3 resolved without intervention. One @entity1 underwent 2 cervical conizations followed by a hysterectomy with no residual @entity1141 noted on the hysterectomy specimen. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity1 with recurrent cervical @entity5 after chemoradiation are symptomatic, and most cases are detected by a physical examination. The role of cytology, colposcopy and biopsies may be of limited value. Furthermore, the significance of the diagnosis of CIN 2/3 in @entity1 previously treated with radiation therapy was not associated with recurrent disease in the 4 @entity1 described. Our results suggest that cytology may be of limited value in detecting recurrence in @entity1 following radiation therapy, even when CIN 2/3 is detected.

title: High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia following Radiation Therapy for Invasive XXXX : A Report of Four Cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cervical Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the long-term outcomes, biliary complication rates, and risk factors for @entity253 after liver transplantation from "donation after @entity204 " (DCD) donors. BACKGROUND: Recent enthusiasm toward increased use of DCD donors' livers is mitigated by high biliary complication rates. Predictive risk factors for the development of @entity253 after DCD liver transplantation remain incompletely defined. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 1157 "donation after @entity1620 " (DBD) and 87 DCD liver transplants performed between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2008. @entity1 and graft survivals and complication rates within the first year of transplantation were compared between DBD and DCD groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of potential risk factors. RESULTS: @entity1 survival was significantly lower in the DCD group compared with the DBD group at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years (DCD: 84%, 68%, 54%, and 54% vs DBD: 91%, 81%, 67%, and 58%; P < 0.01). Graft survival was also significantly lower in the DCD group compared with the DBD group at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years (DCD: 69%, 56%, 43%, 43% vs DBD: 86%, 76%, 60%, 51%; P < 0.001). Rates of overall @entity253 (OBC) (DCD: 47% vs DBD: 26%; P < 0.01) and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) (DCD: 34% vs DBD: 1%; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the DCD group. Donor age [hazard ratio (HR): 1.04; P < 0.01] and donor age greater than 40 years (HR: 3.13; P < 0.01) were significant risk factors for the development of OBC. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity63 ( @entity63 ) greater than 8 hours (HR: 2.46; P = 0.05) and donor age greater than 40 years (HR: 2.90; P < 0.01) significantly increased the risk of @entity63 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity1 and graft survival after DCD liver transplantation remain significantly lower but acceptable when compared with DBD liver transplantations. Donor age and @entity63 greater than 8 hours are the strongest predictors for the development of @entity63 . Careful selection of younger DCD donors and minimization of @entity63 may limit the incidence of severe @entity253 and improve the successful utilization of DCD donors' livers.

title: Biliary complications after liver transplantation from donation after XXXX donors: an analysis of risk factors and long-term outcomes from a single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['CIT', 'IC', 'ischemic cholangiopathy', 'cold ischemic time']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain death']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary complications']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mitotic kinase-encoding gene @entity875 / @entity875 / @entity875 is associated with @entity2007 and transformation when overexpressed in @entity1 cells. @entity875 overexpression activates an unknown oncogenic pathway that involves centrosome amplification and results in missegregation of chromosomes. Because clinical prognosis and @entity5 @entity2007 are tightly linked in @entity1 @entity150 , we examined whether increased @entity875 copy number and protein levels are linked to @entity2007 in @entity150 . METHODS: @entity875 protein was visualized by immunohistochemistry in 205 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity150 . @entity875 gene copy number was evaluated in 61 @entity5 by Southern blot hybridization and in 21 of these 61 @entity5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Copy numbers of chromosomes 3, 17, 20, and 21 were evaluated by FISH with chromosome-specific probes. @entity875 expression levels were related to histologic grade, stage, and DNA ploidy of the @entity5 and to the @entity1 ' follow-up data. The chi-square test for association was used to analyze the relationship between @entity875 expression and pathologic features. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity5 with low levels of @entity875 amplification (3-4 copies) showed minimal deviation in their chromosome copy number and diploid or near-diploid total nuclear DNA content. @entity5 with higher levels of @entity875 amplification (>4 copies) had a major increase of chromosome copy number and of their total nuclear DNA content, i.e., exhibited pronounced @entity2007 . Elevated expression of @entity875 was strongly associated with parameters of clinical @entity146 including high histologic grade (P<.001), invasion (P<.001), increased rate of @entity3 (P<.001), and decreased @entity3 -free (P<.001) and overall (P<.001) survival of @entity1 with @entity150 . CONCLUSION: @entity875 gene amplification and associated increased expression of the mitotic kinase it encodes are associated with @entity2007 and @entity146 clinical behavior in @entity1 @entity150 .

title: Amplification/overexpression of a mitotic kinase gene in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major cause of @entity5 in much of the world. Most CRCs arise from pre-malignant ( @entity6349 ) lesions, such as @entity6523 , and current endoscopic screening approaches with white light do not detect all @entity75 . Thus, new strategies to identify such lesions, including @entity75 , are needed. We aim to identify and validate novel peptides that specifically @entity1049 in vivo. We used phage display to identify a novel peptide that binds to @entity694 in vivo in a genetically engineered @entity19 model of colo-rectal tumorigenesis, based on somatic @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene inactivation. Binding was confirmed using confocal microscopy on biopsied @entity652 and excised @entity652 incubated with peptide ex vivo. Studies of @entity19 where a mutant @entity11518 allele was somatically activated in the colon to generate @entity5072 epithelium were also performed for comparison. Several rounds of in vivo T7 library biopanning isolated a peptide, QPIHPNNM. The fluorescent-labeled peptide bound to @entity75 on endoscopic analysis. Quantitative assessment revealed the fluorescent-labeled peptide (target/background: 2.17  0.61) binds    2-fold greater to the @entity1586 when compared to the control peptide (target/background: 1.14  0.15), p<0.01. The peptide did not bind to the non- @entity6349 ( @entity5072 ) epithelium of the @entity11518 @entity19 . This work is first to image fluorescence-labeled peptide binding in vivo that is specific towards @entity694 on wide-area surveillance. This finding highlights an innovative strategy for targeted detection to localize pre-malignant lesions that can be generalized to the epithelium of hollow organs.

title: In vivo fluorescence-based endoscopic detection of XXXX in the @entity19 using a novel peptide probe.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions', 'non-polypoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'Apc']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic colonic mucosa', 'colonic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['target dysplastic colonic epithelium']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon dysplasia']


abstract: A multicentric study on the treatment of nonmalignant @entity1118 with epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been carried out in 32 Italian centers devoted to @entity158 therapy. Neurosurgical and anesthesiology units participated in this retrospective study. 410 of the eligible @entity1 were enrolled in the protocol: 48% were male, 52% female. All @entity1 underwent a screening test period (average 21 days) and 74% underwent the definitive implant. The diagnosis was @entity11252 in 45%, @entity6865 in 15%, phantom limb @entity158 in 14%, @entity14000 in 8%, @entity1897 in 5%, others 13%. 84% received noninvasive unsuccessful treatment (10 tensor acupuncture). All had previous pharmacological therapy which was not always discontinued when SCS took place. @entity158 assessment had been done with the visual analog scale and verbal scale both subjectively and by the physician and nurses. Neuropsychological profile with minimal mental test or MMPI was obtained in 68% of the @entity1 . These results were favorable (i.e. excellent or good; more than 50% reduction of @entity158 ) in 87% of the @entity1 at the 3-month follow-up, 75% at the 6-month follow-up, 69% at the 1-year follow-up, and 58% at the 2-year follow-up. Complication rate was: dislocation of the electrocatheter 4%, technical problems 3%, infections of the system 2%. The results will be discussed in correlation with the different etiologies of the nonmalignant @entity1118 .

title: Italian multicentric study on XXXX treatment with epidural spinal cord stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6865 :: ('MESH:D012019', 'Disease') :: ['reflex sympathetic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity11252 :: ('MESH:D055111', 'Disease') :: ['failed back surgery syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain syndrome', 'chronic pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity3884 -rich saline on cardiomyocyte autophagy during @entity741 -reperfusion in aged @entity35 . METHODS: One hundred and fifty healthy male @entity35 , 18 months old, weighing 400-540 g were selected. The @entity35 were then randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 30): Normal control group (group I); Sham operation group (group II); @entity741 -reperfusion group (group III); @entity3884 -rich saline group (group IV); Normal saline group (group V). No any processing in group I. In group II, the anterior descending branch was only exposed but not ligated. Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 12 h and 24 h of reperfusion with Bimbaum. @entity3884 -rich saline 1 ml/100 g were injected intraperitoneally 5 min before reperfusion in group IV. Normal saline 1 ml/100 g were injected intraperitoneally 5 min before reperfusion in group V. The @entity35 were sacrificed at 12 h and 24 h of reperfusion and hearts were removed. The pathological changes of myocardial tissue were detected by HE staining. The rate of cardiomyocyte autophagy were detected by the MDC fluorescent dye and flow cytometry instrument. The expression of @entity28890 , @entity3470 , Beclin1, @entity5615 in myocardial tissue was investigated by Western blot. RESULT: Compared with groups I and II, the rate of cardiomyocyte autophagy, the expression of @entity28890 , @entity3470 , Beclin1, @entity5615 in myocardial tissue were significantly increased at 12 h, 24 h in groups III, IV and V (F = 23.45, 26.65, 25.58; F = 23.16, 25.15, 27.85; F = 21.04, 24.83, 27.43; F = 22.15, 25.79, 29.05; F = 22.58, 27.25, 28.46), P < 0.05. Compared with group III and V, the rate of cardiomyocyte autophagy, the expression of @entity28890 , @entity3470 , Beclin1, @entity5615 were significantly decreased at 12 h, 24 h in group IV (F = 21.29, 24.71; F = 22.37, 25.84; F = 20.48, 22.38; F = 21.76, 28.43; F = 22.54, 27.21), P < 0.05. CONCLUSION: @entity3884 -rich saline can attenuate myocardial reperfusion injury through inhibiting cardiomyocyte autophagy. The mechanism may be associated with decreasing the expression of @entity28890 , @entity3470 , Beclin1, @entity5615 in myocardial tissue.

title: [Effect of XXXX -rich saline on cardiomyocyte autophagy during @entity741 -reperfusion in aged @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen', 'Hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity3884 :: (MESH:D006859,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) is a traumatic event that results in motor, sensitive or autonomic function disturbances, which have direct impact on the life quality of the affected individual. Recent studies have shown that attenuation of the inflammatory response after @entity1566 plays a key role in the reestablishment of motor function. Galectin-3 is a pleiotropic molecule belonging to the @entity1735 -ligand lectin family, which is expressed by different cells in different tissues. Studies have shown that galectin-3 induces the recruitment and activation of neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes and microglia. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the lack of galectin-3 on the functional outcome, cellular recruitment and morphological changes in tissue, after @entity1566 . C57BL/6wild-type and galectin-3 knockout @entity19 were used in this study. A vascular clip was used for 1min to generate a compressive @entity1566 . By BMS we detected that the @entity9675 (-/-) presented a better functional outcome during the studied period. This finding is related to a decrease in the @entity130 and a higher volume of spared white matter at 7 and 42days post injury (dpi). Moreover, @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 showed a higher number of spared fibers at 28dpi. Because of the importance of the inflammatory response after @entity1566 and the role that galectin-3 plays in it, we investigated possible differences in the inflammatory response between the analyzed groups. No differences in neutrophils were observed 24h after injury. However, at 3dpi, the @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 showed more neutrophils infiltrated into the spinal tissue when compared with the WT @entity19 . At this same time point, no differences in the percentage of the @entity3804 /Arginase1 positive cells were observed. Remarkably, @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 displayed a decrease in @entity3804 staining at 7dpi, compared with the WT @entity19 . At the same time, @entity9675 (-/-) @entity19 presented a more prominent Arginase1 stained area, suggesting an anti-inflammatory cell phenotype. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the lack of galectin-3 plays a key role in the inflammatory process triggered by @entity1566 , leading to better and early recovery of locomotor function.

title: Lack of galectin-3 improves the functional outcome and tissue sparing by modulating inflammatory response after a compressive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury length']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: We have previously shown in a @entity235 prostate model that a noncontact low power neodymium:YAG laser regimen of 15 watts for 180 seconds yields a larger volume of @entity39 than the currently recommended high power regimen of 50 watts for 60 seconds. These 2 regimens have not yet been compared in @entity1 . The objective of this study was to evaluate histopathologically the thermocoagulation effect of these 2 laser regimens in the @entity1 prostate and the effect of the spatial distribution of the laser lesions on the extent of @entity39 . The study was conducted in 10 @entity1 undergoing radical prostatectomy or cystoprostatectomy. The laser treatment was given transurethrally 1 hour before removal of the specimen. There were no fractures of the prostate. The @entity39 did not reach the peripheral zone and it was minimal in areas rich in fibromuscular tissue, such as the bladder neck. At times, nodular @entity1067 was unaffected. A 4-quadrant treatment in the same plane often yielded small nonconfluent lesions. @entity75 in the same plane yielded approximately 30% greater depth of @entity39 , which was achieved when 3 or 4 lesions were created on each side of the prostate (per single transverse plane). Likewise, @entity39 observed with 15 watts for 180 seconds was approximately 40% greater than that noted with the 50 watts for 60 seconds regimen. Our findings suggest that noncontact laser prostatectomy is a safe procedure that can be improved by modifying the laser regimen and the spatial distribution of lesions.

title: Histopathological evaluation of laser thermocoagulation in the XXXX prostate: optimization of laser irradiation for @entity1067 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Confluent lesions']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of @entity14951 [ @entity14282 ] to minimize the development of @entity6446 ( @entity6446 ) and improve phytate @entity3151 retention in Ross cockerels during the starter period. In experiment 1, chicks were fed a @entity6446 -inducing (0.67% @entity460 ) diet with or without exposure to ultraviolet light and no supplemental @entity3875 . Dietary @entity14282 was added at 0, 10, or 70 microg/kg for both light treatments. In experiment 2, @entity14282 was added at 0, 10, 40, or 70 microg/kg to a @entity6446 -inducing diet containing 27.5 microg/kg added @entity3875 . Experiment 3 was similar to experiment 2 except a diet marginal (0.85%) in @entity460 was fed, and @entity3875 was added at 55 microg/kg. In experiments 4 and 5, @entity14282 was added at 0, 18, 36, 54, 72, or 90 microg/kg to a diet marginal in @entity460 . Dietary @entity14282 decreased the incidence of @entity6446 similarly at 40 and 70 microg/kg @entity14282 and improved phytate @entity3151 retention when the @entity6446 -inducing diet was fed. The incidence of @entity6446 was decreased when 70 microg/kg @entity14282 was added to a diet marginal in @entity460 in experiment 3 only. Phytate @entity3151 retention was generally not affected by dietary @entity14282 when a diet containing marginal @entity460 , adequate @entity3151 , and high @entity3875 was fed. The effectiveness of @entity14282 to reduce the incidence of @entity6446 in young broilers was higher when the dietary @entity460 level was below 0.85%. The incidence of @entity6446 in Ross cockerels was low (< 25%) when dietary @entity460 was greater than 0.85%.

title: Effectiveness of twenty-five-hydroxycholecalciferol in the prevention of XXXX in Ross cockerels depends on dietary @entity460 level.

entities_list: @entity3875 :: ('MESH:D002762', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecalciferol']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ['tibial dyschondroplasia', 'TD']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxycholecalciferol']

answer: @entity6446 :: (MESH:D004687,Disease) :: ['tibial dyschondroplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B( @entity1991 ) during reperfusion after temporary @entity2806 and to evaluate its effect. METHODS: The @entity2806 -reperfusion(I/R) model of @entity19 was established with ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and @entity548 for 0.3 ml in the tail. @entity3002 ( @entity3002 ) were recorded. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the activity of @entity1991 subunit P65 and the inhibitory factor-kappa B alpha( @entity1993 ) in cerebral cortex during different periods of @entity63 and reperfusion. Their mRNA expressions were also measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity1991 P65 activity significantly increased 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour, and remaining high within 24 hours (all P < 0.05). But the mRNA expression didn't change much; @entity1993 and its mRNA expression began to decrease at 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour after the reperfusion (P < 0.05) and then gradually restored. Positive correlation was found between @entity1991 P65 activity and @entity3002 (P < 0.05), while negative correlation was shown among @entity1993 , its mRNA, and @entity3002 (P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both activated @entity1991 and decreased @entity1993 exist in the neural tissues of @entity19 at the early stage of @entity2806 -reperfusion. The activated @entity1991 may be involved in the @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Nuclear factor-kappa B activity at the early stage of @entity2806 and reperfusion in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3002 :: ('MESH:D009421', 'Disease') :: ['ANS', 'Abnormal nervous symptoms']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence indicates that circulating pericyte progenitor cells (CPPCs) may be angiogenic biomarkers in @entity5 and @entity6 . Their validity as biomarkers depends on the accuracy of techniques used for enumeration. In this report, absolute CPPC counts were performed by 2 single-platform technologies. The reliability of the 2 methods, including retest reliability and intraobserver and interobserver variability, was assessed according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The linear correlation and agreement among both methods were assessed, and the stability of CPPC numbers in blood samples was analyzed. METHODS: The blood samples were obtained from ICR @entity19 . The samples were processed through a no-lyse, 1-wash procedure, and Syto16+ @entity8236 - @entity5231 - @entity5232 + CPPCs were analyzed by exclusion of dead cells and by fluorescence-minus-one control. CPPCs were enumerated by 2 methods: bead-based 123count eBeads count (eBioscience) and direct volume-based Accuri C6 Flow Cytometer count ( @entity2403 ). The cells were measured immediately and after storage of blood samples for 24 and 48 hours. RESULTS: There were excellent retest correlations and intraobserver and interobserver agreement in both methods. The 2 methods showed a high linear correlation (R2 = 0.923) and with a high level of agreement (0.986). It was demonstrated that CPPCs are unstable in blood samples. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 2 reproducible protocols for CPPC quantification were established. These protocols should facilitate future studies to further define the role of CPPCs as cellular biomarkers.

title: Absolute circulating pericyte progenitor cell counts in XXXX by flow cytometry: comparison of 2 single-platform technologies.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is often preceded by @entity1459 . Helping @entity1 identify the onset of @entity1459 rather than @entity583 may result in earlier treatment and improve outcomes. @entity1459 is @entity951 occurring at a lower-than-usual workload. Since heart rate (HR) is correlated with degree of exertion, we hypothesised that @entity951 occurring at low HR is a warning signal for @entity1459 and @entity583 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 111 @entity1 with @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) or prognostically significant @entity301 were recruited. Each @entity1 's HR was measured using a portable electrocardiogram (ECG) recorder after regular class III exercise on the Canadian Cardiovascular Society Angina Grading Scale and the cumulative moving average and three-sigma (standard deviation) range were calculated for each new measurement. The HR was subsequently measured at the @entity951 ; a HR lower than the preceding three-sigma ranges for @entity299 was regarded as a 'warning signal'. The proportion of warning signals associated with @entity1187 occurring in the following 2  weeks was compared with that for non-warning signals. RESULTS: Nine cases of @entity1187 occurred in eight @entity1 . Two cases were preceded by warning signals; a signal marked the onset of @entity1187 in a third @entity1 , and four @entity1 failed to make anginal ECG recordings. There were 591 documented episodes of @entity951 during the study and ECGs were available for 383 (64.8  %) of these of which 55 were warning signals. Of these warning signals, 4 occurred in the 2  weeks preceding @entity1187 , compared with 4 of 328 non-warning signals (odds ratio, 6.4; 95  % confidence interval, 1.5-26.2; p   =   0.01; positive predictive value, 7.3  %; negative predictive value, 98.8  %). CONCLUSIONS: Low HR @entity951 may identify @entity1459 and serve as an early warning for @entity583 . In addition, @entity951 that does not occur at a @entity258 indicates that @entity1187 is very unlikely.

title: Angina at @entity258 And Risk of imminent XXXX (the ALARM study): a prospective, observational proof-of-concept study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['beginning of angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['class III or anginal HR']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low heart rate']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['Myocardial infarction']


abstract: The morphology of @entity1 embryonic and fetal skin growth in organ culture at the air-medium interface was examined, and the labeling indices of the epidermal cells in such cultures were determined. The two-layered epidermis of embryonic specimens increased to five or six cell layers after 21 days in culture, and the periderm in such cultures changed from a flat cell type to one with many @entity4530 . The organelles in the epidermal cells remained unchanged. Fetal epidermis, however, differentiated when grown in this organ culture system from three layers (basal, intermediate, and periderm) to an adult-type epidermis with basal, spinous, granular, and cornified cell layers. Keratohyalin granules, lamellar granules, and bundles of keratin filaments, organelles associated with epidermal cell differentiation, were observed in the suprabasal cells of such cultures. The periderm in these fetal cultures formed @entity4530 early but was sloughed with the stratum corneum in older cultures. The rate of differentiation of the fetal epidermis in organ culture was related to the initial age of the specimen cultured, with the older specimens differentiating at a faster rate than the younger specimens. Labeling indices (LIs) of embryonic and fetal epidermis and periderm were determined. The @entity3162 for embryonic basal cells was 8.5% and for periderm was 8%. The fetal LIs were 7% for basal cells, 1% for intermediate cells, and 3% for periderm. The ability to maintain viable pieces of skin in organ culture affords a model for studying normal and abnormal @entity1 epidermal differentiation from fetal biopsies and for investigating @entity66 .

title: Proliferation of XXXX embryonic and fetal epidermal cells in organ culture.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative diseases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity205 for acute, severe @entity1960 is usually administered in a dose of 4 mg/kg/day, with concurrent intravenous @entity230 . This is associated with considerable morbidity. We have been using a low-dose regimen, most commonly without concurrent @entity230 , for seven years, and present the outcome. METHODS: Records of all @entity1 admitted for severe @entity31 , treated by one physician over seven years, were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 received low-dose intravenous @entity205 (2 mg/kg/day) for a median 8 days. Eleven early @entity1 received concurrent intravenous corticosteroids. Three @entity1 had @entity101 requiring dose reduction, one elevated @entity1011 and one elevated liver enzymes (all transient), and four experienced @entity281 (two arm cellulitis, one @entity733 , one @entity2737 ). Twenty-four @entity1 (77%) avoided urgent colectomy, and were discharged on oral @entity205 and @entity500 . After a median 18 months (range 3-77), 14 @entity1 (45% of total) avoided colectomy, of whom eight had flares responding to medical therapy and two had persistent, mildly active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose intravenous @entity205 (2 mg/kg/day), usually used as a monotherapy and followed by @entity500 , achieves similar long-term efficacy to higher dose @entity205 combined with @entity230 in severe @entity31 . Morbidity appears to be low.

title: Long-term results of low-dose intravenous XXXX for acute severe @entity31 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'acute ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['post-operative wound infection']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['ciclosporin']


abstract: @entity19 carrying the bacterial lacl gene in a lambda shuttle vector were used to isolate and characterize background and @entity3653 ( @entity106 )-induced mutations in skin. Adult male @entity19 were treated once topically with either @entity106 or @entity1324 or were left untreated. Seven days later, @entity106 treatment had significantly increased the mutant frequency in the skin (mean +/- SEM, 36 +/- 3 x 10(-5)) versus in vehicle-treated (6.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(-5)) and untreated @entity19 (7.1 x 1.0 x 10(-5)). At least 10 mutants from each of three @entity106 -treated and three untreated @entity19 were selected for DNA sequence analysis. In each case, the entire 1080-bp target gene was sequenced. Base-pair substitutions predominated (86 of 96 mutations), although frameshift and deletion mutations were also detected. Twelve percent of the mutants carried more than one mutation. In controls, the mutations were predominantly @entity54202 transitions (26 of 42), and no @entity13009 transversions were recovered. In contrast, in the @entity106 -treated @entity19 , @entity13009 transversions represented 42% of the mutations (23 of 54) and @entity54202 transitions accounted for only 11%. The @entity13009 transversions occurred mostly at 5'-CA sites. This class of mutation has been recovered frequently in ras genes from @entity106 -treated @entity19 and probably represents an early event in @entity105 ( @entity2704 et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6398-6402, 1992). Our present results are consistent with the types of DNA damage induced by @entity106 . The observation of different mutant frequencies and spectra in treated and control @entity19 demonstrates the utility of this approach in the study of mutagenesis in vivo.

title: Mutational spectra in the lacl gene in skin from @entity3653 -treated and untreated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity54202 :: ('c|SUB|GC||AT', 'DNAMutation') :: ['GC-->AT']

entities_list: @entity13009 :: ('c|SUB|AT||TA', 'DNAMutation') :: ['AT-->TA']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['transgenic mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Age, sex, gene and life style are modulating risks for @entity694 . Although @entity167 intake may impact on @entity2513 , clear association has not been established yet. We aimed to investigate effects of @entity167 consumption on the characteristics of @entity2513 . METHODS: @entity1 who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy of @entity2513 in the department of gastroenterology of Eulji hospital through 2005 to 2012, having both blood tests and ultrasound or abdominal CT examination were enrolled. The @entity167 drinking @entity1 were subdivided into normal or abnormal laboratory group, and @entity5881 group. RESULTS: 212 @entity1 with @entity2513 were analyzed; advanced @entity652 and multiple @entity652 were found in 68 (32.0%) and 79 (37.2%) @entity1 . When compared to the nondrinker group (120/212 @entity1 ), the @entity167 drinker group (92/212 @entity1 ) represented significantly high odds ratios (ORs) for advanced @entity652 (OR, 2.697; P=0.002), and multiple @entity652 (OR, 1.929; P=0.039). Among @entity167 drinker (92 @entity1 ), the ORs of advanced @entity652 were 6.407 (P=0.003) in @entity5881 group (17 @entity1 ), 3.711 (P=0.002) in the @entity167 drinker with abnormal lab (24 @entity1 ), and 2.184 (P=0.034), in the @entity167 drinker with normal lab (51 @entity1 ) compared to nondrinker group. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that @entity167 drinking may influence on the development of advanced @entity2513 and multiplicity. Especially in the group with @entity5881 and with abnormal lab presented significantly higher ORs of advanced @entity652 .

title: XXXX drinking increased the risk of advanced @entity2513 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['Alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the expression of @entity23797 ( @entity23797 ) and @entity34650 ( @entity34650 ) in @entity5 . To analyze @entity23797 and @entity34650 expression, an endocervical cytobrush sample was taken for total RNA isolation. @entity34650 and @entity23797 mRNA was quantified from total RNA using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A total of 71 samples were collected and classified according to the Bethesda Classification of squamous @entity75 . @entity23797 expression was observed in 9 (12.7%) samples; of these, 5.3, 5.9, 14.8, and 37.5% in the groups that were cytology negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), and @entity189 , respectively. The expression level of @entity23797 was significantly higher in the group with @entity189 as compared with the groups negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, @entity2784 , and @entity2784 (P < 0.0005). @entity34650 mRNA was expressed in all samples. @entity34650 expression was significantly higher in @entity189 groups compared with @entity2784 , @entity2784 , and negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy groups. We found that @entity23797 and @entity34650 expressions in the @entity2784 and @entity189 groups were higher than expression in cytological normal samples. Additional studies should be conducted to examine the function of transcription factors during different stages of the transformation of cervical @entity5 cells.

title: XXXX and @entity34650 are overexpressed in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34650 :: ('10664', 'Gene') :: ['CCCTC-binding factor', 'CTCF']

entities_list: @entity23797 :: ('140690', 'Gene') :: ['Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites', 'BORIS']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity23797 :: (140690,Gene) :: ['BORIS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of oncostatin M receptor beta ( @entity18037 ) has been reported in @entity1 @entity5 , however its role in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) remains unknown. Using differential display, earlier we reported the identification of an alternatively spliced variant of @entity18037 in @entity1721 . Here in we characterized this novel variant encoding a soluble form of this receptor (sOSMRb) and determined its clinical significance and correlation with the expression of oncostatin ( @entity9255 ) and @entity1778 inhibitory factor receptor beta ( @entity7168 b) in @entity1721 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In silico analysis was carried out to characterize the differentially expressed transcript of @entity18037 and its expression was determined in ESCCs and matched normal esophageal tissues using semiquantitative RT-PCR. The expressions of both truncated and full length @entity18037 proteins were analyzed in @entity1721 tissues and @entity1 ' sera using western blotting and immunoprecipitation. By immunoprecipitation we have also shown direct interaction between sOSMRB and @entity9255 . We also explored the relationship between expression of @entity9255 and its receptors, @entity18037 and LIFRb, in primary @entity1 ESCCs and normal epithelia using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Overexpression of alternatively spliced @entity18037 b transcript was detected by RT-PCR in 9 of 11 ESCCs. Analysis of the soluble receptor revealed absence of sOSMRb protein in esophageal tissues, however, immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis showed its presence in sera of @entity1721 @entity1 further confirming expression of the alternatively spliced @entity18037 b in @entity1721 @entity1 . Immunohistochemical analysis in @entity3145 ( @entity3145 ) format showed expression of @entity18037 , @entity7168 and @entity9255 in 11/50 (23%), 47/50 (94%) and 47/50 (94%) ESCCs, respectively. Strong correlation was observed between cytoplasmic expression of LIFRb and @entity9255 in @entity5 cells (p = 0.000, O.R = 50, 95%CI = 8-31.9), and nuclear expression of LIFRb and @entity9255 (p = 0.039 OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.1-8.2), suggesting that LIFRb serves as the major receptor in ESCCs. CONCLUSION: An alternatively spliced variant of @entity18037 transcribing a soluble form of this receptor has been characterized in @entity1721 . We speculate that the truncated @entity18037 characterized here in may act as a neutralizing receptor for @entity9255 . Our immunohistochemical study showed that @entity18037 and its pathway is not activated in ESCCs.

title: Overexpression of a splice variant of oncostatin M receptor beta in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue microarray', 'TMA']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['ESCC', 'esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1721 :: (MESH:C562729,Disease) :: ['esophageal squamous carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the antitumor effects and @entity137 of @entity470 ( @entity470 )- @entity669 kinase inhibitor @entity4562 (Iressa) in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). METHODS: From December 2002 to August 2003, 39 @entity1 with unresectable @entity1149 were enrolled for 250 mg once-daily oral treatment with @entity4562 . Clinical data was analysed using chi-square test, t test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Quality of Life (QoL) was analyzed using Chinese Version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity5 (EORTC) core questionnaire QLQ-C30 and @entity2 related questionnaire QLQ-LC13. RESULTS: @entity5 response rate (complete response and partial response) was 28.2% . Disease control rate, which included both @entity5 responses and stable disease, was 59.0%. Objective @entity5 response was correlated with gender and pathological type. Time to progress was (6.6  1.6) months (95% CI, 3.4-9.7), and 1 year survival rate was 54.3%. Response rate of @entity2 -related symptom scales were 34.8%, 65.2% and 73.9% respectively. The @entity4562 of 250 mg/d was well tolerated by @entity1 . The majority of adverse events were grade I or grade II @entity1910 and @entity294 , which were manageable and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4562 offers a new treatment option providing meaningful @entity5 control and symptom relief for many @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: [ @entity4562 (Iressa) in the treatment of @entity1149 XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['global, functional and lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We reviewed 123 consecutive @entity1 who underwent esophageal function testing to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of the syndrome of @entity2472 ( @entity2472 ). Twenty-eight @entity1 (23%) were found to have @entity2472 , including 16 males and 12 females with a median age of 54 years. Barium esophograms yielded no evidence of @entity1319 , while 35% of those tested had pathologic gastroesophageal acid reflux. Twenty (71%) were initially referred for evaluation of @entity951 -like @entity662 , and 8 were referred with other symptoms. Of those with @entity662 , 19 initially underwent extensive evaluation for @entity453 before the diagnosis of @entity2472 . Symptoms of @entity338 , and @entity1282 were absent or minimal in most @entity1 . Lower esophageal sphincter pressure was normal in 27 @entity1 , and lower esophageal sphincter relaxation was normal in all @entity1 . Mean distal esophageal peak peristaltic pressure was 147.8 mm Hg, while the highest peak peristaltic pressure for each @entity1 averaged 193.2 mm Hg. Seven @entity1 had mean peristaltic wave durations of more than 7 seconds. @entity1 with atypical @entity662 or those with typical @entity951 in whom @entity453 is eliminated as a possible cause should be evaluated for @entity2472 with esophageal manometry. @entity1 with symptoms are usually successfully treated with smooth muscle relaxants, and surgical intervention is rarely necessary.

title: @entity951 -like @entity662 associated with XXXX of the esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['heartburn, regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['HAPC', 'high-amplitude peristaltic contractions']

answer: @entity2472 :: (MESH:C536214,Disease) :: ['high-amplitude peristaltic contractions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity16443 is a key component of biologically active molecules and a pharmaceutically important chiral building block. It can be stereoselectively produced from @entity9108 by a two-step bioconversion involving @entity9108 a-oxidase and    (1)-piperideine-2-carboxylae (Pip2C) reductase. In this study, we focused on an @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 that was originally identified as an @entity66 ( @entity66 ) and applied the enzyme to one-pot fermentation of @entity16443 in @entity526 . A synthetic gene coding for an @entity66 was expressed in @entity526 , and the recombinant enzyme was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme was determined to be a homodimer with a molecular mass of 133.9  kDa. The enzyme essentially exhibited the same substrate specificity as the native enzyme. Optimal temperature and pH for the enzymatic reaction were 70   C  and 7.4, respectively. The enzyme was stable below 60    C and at a pH range of 5.5-7.5 but was markedly inhibited by @entity515 . To establish a one-pot fermentation system for the synthesis of optically pure @entity16443 from DL-lysine, an @entity526 carrying a plasmid encoding @entity66 , Pip2C reductase from @entity15250 , @entity376 racemase from @entity15250 , and @entity413 dehydrogenase from @entity3881 was constructed. The one-pot process produced 45.1  g/L of @entity16443 (87.4  % yield from DL- @entity376 ) after a 46-h reaction with high optical purity (>99.9  % enantiomeric excess).

title: Functional expression of @entity9108 a-oxidase from @entity32764 in @entity526 for one-pot synthesis of XXXX from DL-lysine.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['apoptosis-inducing protein', 'AIP']

entities_list: @entity32764 :: ('13676', 'Species') :: ['Scomber japonicus']

entities_list: @entity15250 :: ('303', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas putida', 'P. putida']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity16443 :: ('MESH:C031345', 'Chemical') :: ['L-Pipecolic acid', 'L-pipecolic acid']

entities_list: @entity3881 :: ('1423', 'Species') :: ['Bacillus subtilis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity16443 :: (MESH:C031345,Chemical) :: ['L-pipecolic acid']


abstract: Proliferation of some cultured @entity1 @entity5 cell lines bearing high numbers of @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ) receptors is paradoxically inhibited by @entity4179 in nanomolar concentrations. In the present study, we have investigated the biochemical mechanism of growth inhibition in A431 @entity1 @entity957 cells exposed to exogenous @entity4179 . In parallel, we studied a selected subpopulation, @entity71847 , which is resistant to @entity4179 -mediated growth inhibition. We observed a marked reduction in @entity15308 ( @entity15308 ) activity when A431 and A431-F cells were cultured with 20 nM @entity4179 for 4 h. After further continuous exposure of A431 cells to @entity4179 , the @entity15308 activity remained at a low level and was accompanied by persistent @entity1167 . In contrast, the early reduced @entity15308 activity and G1 accumulation in A431-F cells was only transient. We found that, at early time points (4-8 h), @entity4179 induces @entity994 / @entity994 mRNA and protein expression in both @entity4179 -sensitive A431 cells and @entity4179 -resistant A431-F cells. But only in A431 cells, was @entity994 / @entity994 expression sustained at a significantly increased level for up to 5 d after addition of @entity4179 . Induction of @entity994 / @entity994 by @entity4179 could be inhibited by a specific @entity4179 receptor @entity669 kinase inhibitor, @entity20830 , suggesting that @entity994 / @entity994 induction was a consequence of receptor @entity669 kinase activation by @entity4179 . We also demonstrated that the increased @entity994 / @entity994 was associated with both @entity15308 and @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ). Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity994 / @entity994 is an important mediator of @entity4179 -induced @entity1167 and growth inhibition in A431 cells.

title: Prolonged induction of @entity994 / @entity994 / @entity15308 / XXXX complex by epidermal growth factor receptor activation mediates ligand-induced A431 cell growth inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity15308 :: ('1017', 'Gene') :: ['cyclin-dependent kinase-2', 'CDK2']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['PCNA']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to test the application of barrier precautions and hospital organization during an @entity683 pandemic, in accordance with the national program of @entity683 pandemic training and the "Influenza addendum" of the hospital guidelines in case of a major disaster. METHOD: A practical exercise was performed on December 18th 2007 in two areas of high viral density and one of low viral density. This exercise involved all the @entity1 in these areas, without disturbing the normal care activity. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-five @entity1 were evaluated. Seventy-five per cent of whom had been trained in the hospital. Hand hygiene complied with pre-established procedures in 32% of cases, was acceptable in 44%, and deficient in 24%. Surgical mask application was unacceptable in 21% of cases. These precautions were well accepted by 36% of the personnel, accepted by 54%, and a burden for 10%. The poor sealing capacity of mask FFP2 (national allocation), depending on facial features, its poor tolerance, the lack of water stations, and the presence of groups of @entity1 were all noted. CONCLUSION: This exercise was rated as satisfactory with a good participation. However, it revealed unexpected dysfunctions such as application of barrier precautions. Also, that the FFP2 mask was not suitable for all @entity1 , especially for @entity1 , a problem in case of a pandemic. Finally, this exercise should lead to corrective actions and to completing the various training sessions initiated in other institutions.

title: [Pandemic XXXX : training in the N  mes university hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']