abstract: UNASSIGNED: Botulinum toxin is a widely used treatment with satisfactory results, and it is relatively safe in the doses used for cosmetic procedures. The authors report a case of @entity56 to Chinese botulinum toxin serotype A (CBTX-A). Although this is a rare adverse event, it is nonetheless clinically relevant to healthcare professionals. A 44-year-old @entity1 presented to the authors' hospital complaining of dynamic wrinkles. CBTX-A was used to treat her. Minutes after application, she developed urticarial plaques proximal to the injection site. The @entity1 had an @entity56 , as documented by a positive skin test, which was controlled by the administration of antihistamines and systemic @entity288 . This report is intended to guide healthcare professionals faced with this type of adverse event regarding how to proceed without hindering the delivery and effectiveness of the treatment. When performed by a qualified health professional, this treatment brings excellent results in the vast majority of cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 Risk.

title: Report of XXXX After Application of Botulinum Toxin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Allergic Reaction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Percutaneous absorption of topically applied 0.05% @entity6914 ( @entity16973 ) can be assessed indirectly by measuring @entity701 levels. A direct way is to measure systemic levels of topically applied @entity16973 . METHODS: Serum concentrations of @entity16973 were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ), and were related to serum @entity701 levels in 25 @entity1 with an exacerbation of @entity483 ( @entity483 ) before and after the first day of treatment with 0.05% @entity16973 in hospital. The body surface area (BSA) affected by @entity483 was measured. RESULTS: Before the start of 0.05% @entity16973 treatment, normal @entity701 levels were measured (0.47    0.18  mol/l) and @entity16973 concentrations could not be detected. After the first day of treatment, @entity701 levels decreased to 0.04    0.05  mol/l. Serum concentrations of @entity16973 could be detected in all @entity1 (0.112-4.504 ng/ml). Levels did not differ between @entity1 who had received two applications versus one application of 0.05% @entity16973 . There was no correlation between the affected BSA and serum concentrations of @entity16973 . CONCLUSION: Serum levels of @entity16973 can be measured by LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 . When prescribing 0.05% @entity16973 , one must bear in mind that, even after an application of 20-30 g, @entity16973 is systemically available and potent enough to induce adrenal gland suppression.

title: The potency of @entity6914 : serum levels of @entity6914 and adrenal function during therapy with 0.05% @entity6914 in @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6914 :: ('MESH:D002990', 'Chemical') :: ['clobetasol propionate']

answer: @entity483 :: (MESH:D003876,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report reviews our experience with 5,203 totally extraperitoneal (TEP) endoscopic hernia repairs performed in 3,868 @entity1 over the 7.5-year period between May 1994 and December 2001, 34.5% of whom had @entity547 and 13% recurrent @entity547 . METHODS: We performed TEP as the method of choice in more than 92% of all the @entity1 presenting with @entity169 , including those with incarcerated, strangulated, or @entity547 . After reduction of the hernial sac and appropriate dissection of the preperitoneal space, we placed a slit-free 10 x 15-cm @entity7502 mesh without the use of staple fixation. RESULTS: Altogether, 29 recurrent @entity547 (0.6%) were observed, more than 50% of which occurred during the first 2 years after the technique was introduced (1.8%). During subsequent years, the recurrence rate settled to approximately 0.3%. Regarding intraoperative complications, we observed eight @entity130 to the bladder. At this writing, no bowel @entity130 or damage to iliac vessels has been seen. Postoperatively, we noted only a single case of @entity281 . In 14 cases (0.4%), @entity86 necessitated either inguinal or endoscopic reoperation. As a further major complication, a @entity1744 caused by inadequate closure of a @entity6378 occurred in two @entity1 (0.05%). The overall reoperation rate for the 3,868 @entity1 was 0.6%. CONCLUSIONS: We consider TEP to be a procedure that carries an acceptably low complication rate, combining the advantages of minor access surgery and mesh reinforcement of the groin. This approach is associated with early postoperative return to usual activities and a very low recurrence rate.

title: Totally extraperitoneal endoscopic XXXX (TEP).

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity6378 :: ('MESH:D010532', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal lesion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['mesh infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['inguinoscrotal hernias', 'hernias', 'bilateral hernias']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: Little is known about genetic changes in squamous differentiation of non-schistosomiasis-associated @entity150 . Therefore, we investigated pure @entity957 ( @entity957 ), squamous parts of mixed @entity189 with squamous differentiation (MIX) and mere @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for structural genetic differences. Tissue microarray slides (n = 29 @entity957 , n = 35 MIX and n = 23 @entity5 ) were analyzed by ZytoLight SPEC @entity986 / @entity71244 /7/17 Quadruple Color Probe fluorescence-in-situ-hybridization (FISH) and DNA was investigated by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) (n = 35 SqCCs, n = 40 MIX and n = 36 @entity5 ). By FISH the mean number of polysomic cells was lowest in @entity957 ( @entity71244 P = 0.0498, CEN17 P = 0.0009). A slight tendency of lower copy numbers of chromosomes 3, 7 and 17 and higher numbers of the @entity986 -locus in @entity957 (P = 0.45) indicated less @entity5 cells in @entity957 compared to MIX and @entity5 . In CGH @entity957 showed the lowest mean number of aberrations per @entity5 ( @entity957 5.37 changes, MIX 6.75 and @entity5 7.64; P = 0.1754). Significant differences between the three groups were found for loss of chromosome 3p (P = 0.004), 6q (P = 0.028), 11p (P = 0.024) and gains of 5p (P = 0.020). Loss of 3p was more frequent in @entity957 (51.4%) than in MIX (37.5%) or @entity5 (13.9%). To conclude, SqCCs show less polysomy and genetic alterations than MIX and @entity5 . Loss of 3p is more frequent in @entity957 but there are no absolute specific alterations for each @entity5 group. Squamous parts of @entity5 show similar alterations than @entity5 and should be considered as further development of @entity5 , while pure @entity957 seem to be a separate @entity5 group.

title: Comparison of structural genetics of non-schistosoma-associated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mixed tumors', 'UC', 'aneuploid tumor', 'urothelial cancers']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SqCC', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder']


abstract: Antitussive activity and some other related pharmacological properties of @entity70772 were studied. Toxic symptoms in @entity19 and @entity235 were due to the CNS excitation. Acute @entity137 of (AT-17) in @entity19 was slightly (s.c.) or far (p.o.) weaker than that of @entity10425 , but it was three times as toxic as @entity10425 in @entity235 (i.v.). Antitussive efficacy was about 40% of that of @entity10425 in @entity235 , whereas 77% as potent as @entity10425 in @entity468 . It showed no relaxing effect on the bronchial muscle of @entity840 in either normal tone or @entity112 -induced @entity2473 . It had analgesic effect 1/3 as potent as @entity10425 in @entity19 but it was not antagonized by @entity29541 . The prolongation of hexobarbital sleeping time by AT-17 was similar extent to that by @entity10425 . Anti-electroshock effect was half as potent as that of @entity109 . The inhibitory effect on the transportation of intestinal contents in @entity19 was far weaker than that of @entity10425 . Effect on the respiratory and circulatory systems were also investigated.

title: Antitussive activity and other related pharmacological properties of XXXX (AT-17).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity29541 :: ('MESH:D007977', 'Chemical') :: ['levallorphan']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity70772 :: ('MESH:C012621', 'Chemical') :: ['d-3-methyl-N-methylmorphinan']

answer: @entity70772 :: (MESH:C012621,Chemical) :: ['d-3-methyl-N-methylmorphinan']


abstract: The indications and results of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary @entity652 are analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of @entity2847 and radiotherapy are considered. Transsphenoidal surgery does not damage pre-existing pituitary function. It produces excellent results in micro and mesoadenomas, curing about 70-80% of @entity1 irrespective whether the @entity5 produces ACTH, prolactin or @entity2124 . Moreover there is a very small relapse rate. Macroadenomas of non-functioning type are also well treated by transphenoidal surgery, with a small recurrence rate as judged by CT scan follow-up. But macroadenomas secreting prolactin or @entity2124 are less effectively treated by transsphenoidal surgery, only about 40% being cured. Invasive macro @entity2013 are not helped by surgery and should be treated with @entity2847 and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be used sparingly and has inevitable complications. Post-operative delayed @entity227 is caused either by recurrent @entity5 or radiotherapy. There is no good evidence to support the secondary @entity4776 as a cause of such delayed @entity227 .

title: The management of @entity5 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella syndrome']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['post-operative visual deterioration']


abstract: @entity15698 ( @entity15698 ) is often considered to be less frequent and less severe than @entity1209 encountered in @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, although the issue has only been addressed in a few studies. It is possible that radiation oncologists undervalue the clinical relevance of @entity15698 . If untreated, sickness produces an adverse effect on the @entity1 's quality of life and may cause interruption of the treatment with possible unfavorable effects on @entity5 control. A prospective observational trial on @entity15698 has recently been published by the Italian Group for Antiemetic Research in Radiotherapy (IGARR). The study evidenced that the overall cumulative incidence of @entity391 and @entity390 occurred in about 40% of @entity1 undergoing radiotherapy, and that the irradiated site, radiation field size, and previous chemotherapy were significant risk factors. @entity1 submitted to abdominal radiotherapy were at major @entity391 and @entity390 (71%), followed by those treated on the thorax, brain, head and neck, and pelvis (49%, 40%, 40%%, and 39%, respectively). Few small randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of various antiemetic drugs in preventing @entity15698 . Generally, @entity1 who entered these trials were those submitted to total body irradiation, half body irradiation or upper abdomen irradiation because of the greater risk of developing @entity1209 . The few controlled trials published have shown that @entity935 receptor antagonists were effective in only about 50% of @entity1 , whereas @entity750 antagonists were more effective. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of antiemetics have recently been published by MASCC (Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer) and ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology). Unfortunately, their recommendations were quite different, when classifying radiation emetogenic risk categories and when giving indications for the use of antiemetic drugs. However, MASCC and ASCO recommendations both suggested a prophylaxis with a @entity750 antagonist and a corticosteroid for @entity1 submitted to high emetogenic radiotherapy. There is evidence about the effectiveness of oral @entity619 alone in fractionated upper abdomen radiotherapy and the use of a rescue antiemetic treatment as a possible alternative to the prophylaxis. Many questions remain open, and other prospective controlled trials on @entity15698 are needed to answer them. Considering that radiotherapy to the abdomen, pelvis and thorax presents the most frequent problems in radiation oncology clinical practice, future trials on @entity15698 should deal with these irradiated sites. The IGARR is carrying out a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing prophylactic ondansetron plus @entity619 versus ondansetron and @entity619 given as a rescue treatment in @entity1 undergoing fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen.

title: XXXX : a problem with many open questions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15698 :: ('MESH:D009381', 'Disease') :: ['RIE', 'Radiation-induced emesis']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting', 'risk of vomiting']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting', 'nausea/vomiting']

answer: @entity15698 :: (MESH:D009381,Disease) :: ['Radiation-induced emesis']


abstract: The role of telomerase activity in @entity5 progression of @entity1821 is not well understood. Therefore, we investigated 72 @entity1821 of different histological subtypes for an association between telomeric lengths and telomerase activity, and assessed the association between the catalytic subunit @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) and its activator @entity517 . Telomeric repeat fragment lengths were determined using radioactive DNA-fingerprint analysis with the telomere-specific probe (TTAGGG)(3), whereas telomerase activity was ascertained using the non-radioactive TRAP-assay. To evaluate the expression of @entity2215 and @entity517 , we applied real-time RT-PCR using a LightCycler. Eight @entity5 were investigated by microdissection. The @entity1758 -proliferation index and @entity2215 and @entity517 protein expression were determined immunohistochemically. Genetic alterations showed a high degree of @entity5 specificity. Highly malignant myxoid/round cell @entity1821 showed the longest telomeres, the strongest telomerase activity, and the highest @entity2215 and @entity517 expression levels compared with the pure myxoid variants (p < 0.001), which are of low malignancy. @entity1821 was characterized by zero or low @entity2215 and @entity517 expression and telomerase activity, but long telomeres, underlining their different pathogenetic pathway. Elevated gene expression was accompanied by protein immunopositivity. @entity1758 -proliferation index did not correlate with other molecular markers. We conclude that @entity2215 and @entity517 expression are associated with telomerase activity in @entity1821 . Elevated @entity2215 and @entity517 expression as well as high telomerase activity play a role in the @entity5 progression of this @entity242 type. Nevertheless, each histological subtype of @entity1821 is defined by a specific molecular pattern. Telomerase activation is the most common pathway in @entity1821 maintaining telomeric length.

title: Elevated telomerase activity, XXXX -, and @entity2215 mRNA expression: association with @entity5 progression in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['Pleomorphic liposarcoma', 'liposarcomas']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-MYC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stenosis of the @entity8 ( @entity23067 -TRAS) is an uncommon cause of @entity813 and @entity101 . We assessed the role of duplex sonography (DS) in regard to clinical and angiographic findings and followed the @entity1 after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( @entity865 ), @entity865 stenting (PTAS), or surgery. METHODS: From January 1988 to August 2001, 97 of 1,064 kidney recipients underwent angiography for clinical or Doppler-sonographic suspicion of vascular problems. Kidney function, blood pressure, medication, and DS findings after renal transplantation (RTx) at the time of diagnosis of @entity23067 -TRAS and after treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity23067 -TRAS was diagnosed in 16 @entity1 (1.5%) (49.6+/-6.9 years). Four @entity1 demonstrated early presentation of @entity23067 -TRAS 1 to 7 days after RTx (group A), leading to @entity810 but without @entity101 . In all @entity1 , DS revealed pulsus parvus et tardus, low pulsatility index (PI) (<1.0), and a pathologic flow profile in the iliac artery proximal and distal to the graft. After treatment (surgery in two @entity1 , @entity865 in one @entity1 , PTAS in one @entity1 ), all @entity1 developed @entity177 ( @entity1011 1.7+/-0.9 mg/dL). PI increased from 0.9+/-0.1 to 1.2+/-0.1 (P=0.04), and flow profile within the iliac artery distal to the graft normalized. Late presentation (3-209 months after RTx) of @entity23067 -TRAS was observed in 12 @entity1 (group B), causing an increase of @entity1011 in 11 @entity1 (two @entity1 receiving dialysis treatments), @entity551 (141+/-15 and 80.7+/-7 to 160+/-18 and 85+/-7 mm Hg, P=0.009), and an increase in antihypertensive drugs (2.1+/-1.1 and 4.3+/-1, P=0.003) in all @entity1 . The PI was decreased when compared with values early after RTx (1.6+/-0.4 to 1.2+/-0.3, P=0.007), and flow profile in the iliac artery was pathologic. All @entity1 except one were managed by surgery (n=6), @entity865 (n=1), or PTAS (n=4). @entity1011 (2.7+/-1.4 to 1.8+/-0.4 mg/dL, P=0.02) and blood pressure (160+/-18/85+/-7 mm Hg to 138+/-7/82+/-9, P=0.018) improved. Antihypertensive drugs were reduced to 2.8+/-0.8 (P=0.01). PI increased from 1.2+/-0.3 to 1.9+/-0.5 (P=0.01). Flow profile within the iliac artery distal to the graft anastomosis normalized. Kidney function, blood pressure, and PI remained unchanged during follow-up (82+/-69.9 months) in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity23067 -TRAS is rare. Because clinical symptoms are similar to those of transplant @entity2791 , DS is a valuable tool for diagnosis and follow-up for this type of @entity455 . Selective treatment with @entity865 , PTAS, or surgery improves kidney function and @entity101 .

title: XXXX proximal to a kidney transplant: clinical findings, duplex-sonographic criteria, treatment, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['iliac segment proximal to the transplant renal artery']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular lesion']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['good renal function']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine', 'creatinine']

entities_list: @entity813 :: ('MESH:D055031', 'Disease') :: ['graft dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of blood pressure']

answer: @entity2791 :: (MESH:D012078,Disease) :: ['Iliac artery stenosis']


abstract: Because the left ventricular "area at risk" is the most important determinant of ultimate @entity1188 size, it would be useful to know the size of the area at risk during acute @entity583 to make therapeutic decisions. We therefore performed a series of experiments in four groups of @entity235 . In group I @entity235 (n = 15) we attempted to determine whether current methods of assessing left ventricular function during acute @entity583 reflect the true size of the area at risk. At each of two to five sequential stages, a more proximal @entity1563 was performed to produce a larger area at risk until @entity65 occurred. At each stage, the area at risk (measured by myocardial contrast echocardiography), hemodynamic variables, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. Hemodynamic variables became abnormal when the area at risk was large (25% to 40% of the left ventricle), whereas LVEF became abnormal when the area at risk was of moderate size (18%). When cardiac output and LVEF were normalized to baseline values, a close inverse relationship was noted between these variables and area at risk. In contrast, there was a poor relationship between normalized mean arterial pressure and area at risk (r = .42). In group II @entity235 (n = 9) the area at risk was measured serially over 6 hr after @entity1563 . The size of the area at risk remained unchanged regardless of the transmural extent of the ultimate @entity1188 . The circumferential endocardial extent of the area at risk closely predicted the circumferential endocardial extent of the @entity1188 at 6 hr in eight of nine @entity235 that developed an @entity1188 . Group III @entity235 (n = 7) underwent the same protocol as group II @entity235 , but the duration of occlusion was 3 hr. The circumferential endocardial extent of the area at risk closely predicted the circumferential endocardial extent of the @entity1188 . Group IV @entity235 (n = 5) underwent subtotal @entity1563 . Although regional wall motion abnormalities were noted in this group, no area at risk could be defined. We conclude that although a close inverse relationship is noted between normalized cardiac output and area at risk, the absolute values for cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables become abnormal only when the area at risk is large (25% to 40%); measurement of LVEF may provide a better assessment of the size of the area at risk than hemodynamic variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The importance of defining left ventricular area at risk in vivo during acute XXXX : an experimental evaluation with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular collapse']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: In the heart in situ coronary flow stimulates @entity26 consumption, glycolytic flux, myocardial contractility, and the release of bioactive substances. Studies have indicated that the coronary flow-enhanced contraction is similar to a hormonelike effect because the enhanced contraction results from an elevation in intracellular free @entity460 . In fact, if extracellular @entity460 is raised sufficiently, the contraction amplitude rises and remains constant and independent of coronary flow. We hypothesized that coronary flow could also stimulate other @entity460 -dependent cardiac functions such as @entity67 ( @entity67 ) transmission. This hypothesis was tested in isolated @entity840 hearts perfused at constant flow. Our results show that increases in coronary flow (6-25 ml/min range) decrease the @entity67 delay solely as a result of reduced propagation time in the @entity67 node and not in @entity2224 . When coronary vascular resistance was altered by dilation ( @entity1242 , @entity1812 , @entity1854 , and @entity859 ) or by constriction (angiotensin II), this dromotropic effect of flow remained the same despite wide changes in perfusing pressure. Also, this dromotropic effect of flow was not altered by energy-altering substrates in the perfusate or by perfusion of @entity859 receptor blockers. Furthermore, the effectiveness of flow as a dromotropic stimulus varied inversely with changes in @entity460 entry caused either by elevation or reduction of extracellular @entity460 . In addition, enhanced viscosity of the perfusing medium amplifies the positive dromotropic effect of flow. These results suggest that coronary flow is a stimulus that exerts a positive dromotropic effect mediated by shear stress.

title: Coronary flow stimulates XXXX transmission in the isolated perfused @entity840 heart.

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial or ventricular propagation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['A-V', 'auricular-ventricular']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['auricular-ventricular']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 -related @entity1066 located at the plantar aspect of the @entity18415 interphalangeal joint are often chronic or recurrent and frequently become complicated by @entity4034 . Once infected, treatment will typically involve @entity18415 amputation. Although intended as a definitive procedure, amputation of the first toe is not desirable from a cosmetic or functional standpoint and often leads to transfer @entity1066 at adjacent locations of the foot. Reconstructive wound surgery, combined with limited bone resection, is possible if the @entity281 is caught early before the local tissue and bone have become @entity39 . In addition to @entity16 , biomechanical issues, including ankle equinus, @entity18415 limitus, @entity18415 extensus, and @entity4553 , predispose @entity1 with @entity6 to developing @entity1411 . We commonly employ a proximal based unilobed plantar rotational @entity1912 combined with @entity18415 interphalangeal joint arthroplasty as an alternative to @entity18415 amputation. We present a typical case with long-term follow-up to highlight our @entity1912 protocol, including @entity1 selection criteria, @entity1912 design, surgical technique, bone resection and biopsy pearls, staging timeline, and a typical postoperative course. Periodic follow-up during the next 72  months for unrelated conditions allowed long-term monitoring with no recurrence of @entity4034 or subsequent amputation. The foot remained @entity1066 free 6 years later. The benefits of this surgical approach include complete excision of the @entity1066 , adequate exposure for bone resection, early bone biopsy before the spread of @entity281 or @entity39 of local tissue, @entity1912 coverage with viable soft tissue, and partial offloading of mechanical pressure at the plantar interphalangeal joint.

title: Unilobed Rotational @entity1912 for Plantar Hallux Interphalangeal Joint Ulceration Complicated by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'neuropathic ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity1411 :: ('MESH:D016523', 'Disease') :: ['plantar hallux ulcers']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['Osteomyelitis']


abstract: @entity8442 ( @entity8442 ) is a rare but dangerous complication of @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) when the @entity1 has no other manifestations except @entity344 . We performed 1 @entity1 with a 2-month history of recurrent @entity391 . She admitted past surgical histories of cesarean section and appendectomy. A physical examination revealed @entity925 lower abdominal on palpation and bowel sounds were weak, 2 to 3bpm. An x-ray and CT of her abdomen showed @entity1321 . The initial diagnosis was adhesive @entity1321 . She received surgical treatment because her symptoms had gradually become more frequent and persistent. But she vomited again 2 weeks later after the surgery. Further immunology tests indicated that she had an @entity8442 secondary to @entity1252 . We treated the @entity1 with @entity1667 pulse for 3 days and followed by @entity229 orally. The @entity1 had a good response. Complete remission was achieved on 8 years follow-up.The importance of @entity8442 secondary to @entity1252 lies in an early diagnosis. After the diagnosis is established, immunosuppressive therapy should be the initial and first-line treatment, and surgical intervention is often disappointing and should be carefully avoided. It is necessary to enhance awareness of doctors to @entity8442 secondary to @entity1252 .

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting and abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal pseudo-obstruction', 'IPO']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness in the right']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['Intestinal pseudo-obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous qualitative research has revealed that @entity1 with @entity239 use daytime napping as a coping strategy for managing symptoms against clinical advice. Yet there is no evidence to suggest whether daytime napping is beneficial or detrimental for @entity1 with @entity239 . The purpose of this study was to explore how @entity1 use daytime naps and to determine the links between daytime napping and symptom severity in @entity239 . METHODS: A community based sample of 1044 adults who had been diagnosed with @entity239 by a clinician completed an online questionnaire. Associations between napping behavior, sleep quality and @entity239 symptoms were explored using Spearman correlations, with possible predictors of napping behaviour entered into a logistic regression model. Differences between @entity1 who napped on a daily basis and those who napped less regularly, as well as nap duration were explored. RESULTS: Daytime napping was significantly associated with @entity158 , @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity25 . Sleep problems and fatigue explained the greatest amount of variance in napping behaviour, p < 0.010. Those who engaged in daytime naps for >30 minutes had higher memory difficulties (t = -3.45) and levels of @entity308 (t = -2.50) than those who napped for shorter periods (<30 mins) (p < 0.010). CONCLUSIONS: Frequent use and longer duration of daytime napping was linked with greater symptom severity in @entity1 with @entity239 . Given the common use of daytime napping in @entity1 with @entity239 evidence based guidelines on the use of daytime napping in @entity1 with @entity1118 are urgently needed.

title: Daytime napping associated with increased symptom severity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome', 'fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['increased pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue, memory difficulties and sleep problems']

answer: @entity239 :: (MESH:D005356,Disease) :: ['fibromyalgia syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: High blood pressure variability has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. We aimed to assess if increased visit-to-visit variability in systolic blood pressure increases the risk of @entity64 or @entity299 (fatal/non-fatal coronary or @entity712 events) in the VALUE population. DESIGN AND METHOD: The VALUE trial was a randomised-controlled, double-masked investigation of @entity917 versus @entity3591 in @entity1 50 years or older with @entity101 and high risk of cardiovascular events. Mean follow-up time was 4.2 years. We calculated the standard deviation (SD) of mean systolic blood pressure from visits from 6 months onward, excluding @entity1 with less than 2 visits, or @entity64 or @entity299 during the first 6 months. In the pooled treatment arms, we grouped SD in quintiles and compared the risk of @entity64 or @entity299 in the highest and the lowest quintile, using a Cox regression model, adjusting for a number of prognostic variables, including randomised treatment and mean BP from 6 months onwards. RESULTS: Of 14.146 @entity1 included, 1278 (9.0%) experienced a @entity299 and 473 (3.3%) experienced a @entity64 . Compared to @entity1 with the lowest variability, those in the highest quintile had an increased risk of @entity64 or @entity299 (HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.8, p=0.045 and HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.6-2.3, p<0.0001, respectively, Figure). CONCLUSIONS: Visit-to-visit systolic BP variability predicts @entity64 and @entity299 in high risk @entity101 @entity1 receiving @entity917 or @entity3591 , and independent of mean BP. Systolic blood pressure variability was a stronger predictor of @entity64 .(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: 3D.01: VISIT-TO-VISIT BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY INCREASES RISK OF STROKE OR CARDIAC EVENTS IN @entity1 GIVEN @entity917 OR XXXX IN THE VALUE TRIAL.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events than of stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events', 'cardiac event']

answer: @entity3591 :: (MESH:D017311,Chemical) :: ['AMLODIPINE']


abstract: This study is an investigation of the relationship between morphological, neuropsychological, and clinical measurements, all presumably contributing to an expert's diagnosis of @entity195 . Morphological assessment was carried out by linear measurements taken from the photographs of the CT scanners display. The battery of tests comprised instruments able to evaluate performance (WAIS, Benton test, d2 test, Trail Making test) as well as personality (FPI) from a quantitative point of view. For clinical assessment the Assessment Scale for Gerontopsychiatry (AGP) was used. A group of 39 @entity1 suffering from mild to severe @entity303 was studied. The results show strong correlations between some sub-tests of the WAIS and certain CT measurements but fail to show comparable features in using the full scale IQ. The other cognitive tests did not work as well in detecting @entity1010 . Surprisingly, the personality inventory (FPI) showed some correlations with @entity1010 . A number of correlations between morphological and clinical variables were found as well, consistent with well-known clinical experience. Topographical features will be discussed supporting the view that @entity75 in the progress of @entity195 take the form of distinct patterns.

title: Correlations between psychopathology, psychological test results and computerized tomography changes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['senile dementia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['senile dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survey data suggest that Canadian intensivists administer @entity288 to @entity3124 @entity1 primarily in response to @entity1224 , perceived risk for @entity1887 and @entity1344 . OBJECTIVE: To describe variables independently associated with systemic @entity228 therapy during an @entity683 outbreak. METHODS: The present analysis was retrospective cohort study involving @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity683 in two Canadian cities. Hospital records were reviewed for @entity3124 @entity1 treated in the intensive care units (ICUs) of eight hospitals in Canada during the 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010 @entity683 outbreaks. Abstracted data included demographic information, symptoms at disease onset, chronic comorbidities and baseline illness severity scores. Corticosteroid use data were extracted for every ICU day and expressed as @entity701 dose equivalent in mg. Multivariable regression models were constructed to identify variables independently associated with corticosteroid therapy in the ICU. RESULTS: The study cohort included 90 @entity1 with a mean (   SD) age of 55.0  17.3 years and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 19.8  8.3. @entity1 in 2009 to 2010 were younger with more severe @entity651 but similar exposure to @entity288 . Overall, 54% of @entity1 received @entity288 at a mean daily dose of 343  330 mg of @entity701 for 8.5  4.8 days. Variables independently associated with corticosteroid therapy in the ICU were history of @entity1224 (OR 4.8 [95% CI 1.6 to 14.9]) and @entity1344 (OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.2 to 17.8]). CONCLUSION: Observational data revealed that @entity1344 and @entity1224 were associated with corticosteroid therapy in the critical care setting, similar to a recent survey of stated practice. Efforts to determine the effects of @entity288 in the ICU for these specific clinical situations are warranted.

title: @entity228 therapy in @entity3124 due to seasonal and pandemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several individual clinical and preclinical studies have shown the possibility of evaluating @entity5 by using noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET). The current study compared 3 @entity519 PET tracers frequently used in the clinic, @entity9241 , @entity15437 , and @entity26641 , in a preclinical @entity5 model. Tracer uptake was evaluated for the optimal time point for imaging, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), spatial reproducibility, and sensitivity to @entity26 modification. METHODS AND MATERIALS: PET/computed tomography (CT) images of @entity980 R1-bearing WAG/Rij @entity35 were acquired at multiple time points post injection (p.i.) with one of the @entity519 tracers. @entity5 values were calculated, and reproducibility was investigated by voxel-to-voxel analysis, represented as correlation coefficients (R) or Dice similarity coefficient of the high-uptake volume. Tumor @entity26 modifications were induced by exposure to either @entity15436 / @entity4571 treatment or 7% @entity26 breathing. RESULTS: @entity5 was stabilized and maximal at 2 hours p.i. for @entity15437 (4.0    0.5) and at 3 hours p.i. for @entity26641 (7.2    0.7), whereas @entity9241 showed a constant increasing @entity5 (9.0    0.8 at 6 hours p.i.). High spatial reproducibility was observed by voxel-to-voxel comparisons and Dice similarity coefficient calculations on the 30% highest uptake volume for both @entity9241 (R = 0.86; Dice coefficient = 0.76) and @entity26641 (R = 0.76; Dice coefficient = 0.70), whereas @entity15437 was less reproducible (R = 0.52; Dice coefficient = 0.49). Modifying the @entity519 fraction resulted in enhanced mean standardized uptake values for both @entity26641 and @entity15437 upon 7% @entity26 breathing. Only @entity9241 uptake was found to be reversible upon exposure to @entity4571 and @entity15436 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that each tracer has its own strengths and, depending on the question to be answered, a different tracer can be put forward.

title: A Comparative Study of the @entity519 PET Tracers XXXX , @entity15437 , and @entity9241 in a Preclinical Tumor Model.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor hypoxia', 'tumor', 'tumor-to-blood ratios', 'TBR']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'hypoxic']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide']

answer: @entity26641 :: (MESH:C553729,Chemical) :: ['[(18)F]HX4']


abstract: During optic nerve regeneration in @entity2083 , the label from a small retinal spot injection of WGA-HRP has been previously reported to be initially widely dispersed in the tectum and subsequently to condense into a small patch in the retinotopically appropriate location of tectum. This refinement involves two separate processes: one is activity independent and generates gross retinotopy; the other is activity dependent and mediates the formation of fine retinotopy. Since the number of synapses remains constant during this refinement, one or both of these processes may involve some form of competition for a limited number of synaptic sites. To clarify the role of synaptic competition, we created a low-density retinotectal projection in @entity2083 by deflecting about 20% of the optic fibers from one tectum into the opposite tectum, which was denervated of all other optic fibers. Under this condition, it was previously shown that less than half the normal density of synapses is formed. If competition for synaptic sites is a requirement of refinement, refinement should be prevented or significantly hindered. To monitor refinement during regeneration, 2 nl spot injections of WGA-HRP were made into the retina at various times after deflection. To distinguish between activity-dependent and activity-independent refinement, retinal impulse activity was blocked in some fish with repeated injections of @entity4524 into the eye for the duration of the experiment. It was found that considerable activity-independent refinement occurred under continuous @entity4524 blockade although the fibers remained more dispersed than in previous @entity4524 studies when normal numbers of fibers were present. Surprisingly, in fish with normal impulse activity, the degree of activity-dependent refinement was almost normal. Labeled fibers condensed into a small area roughly comparable in size to that observed when the full complement of fibers was regenerating into tectum. These results suggest that competition for limited synaptic sites is not essential for activity-dependent refinement, which may, instead, be mediated by a cooperative process that actively promotes convergence. The findings further suggest that if synaptic competition plays a role in this system, it is in regulating activity-independent mechanisms that determine the large-scale distribution of fibers within tectum.

title: Activity-dependent retinotopic refinement in a low-density retinotectal projection in the XXXX : evidence favoring synaptic cooperation over competition.

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 control and antiplatelet or oral anticoagulant drugs are the basis for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events. Family physicians (FPs) are usually involved in both aspects of prevention, but no research has been carried out in Italy to evaluate the behavior of FPs in this field of prevention. METHODS: Data concerning 318 Italian FPs and 465,061 @entity1 were extracted from the Health Search Database. @entity1 with coded diagnoses of @entity64 and @entity63 ( @entity63 ) were selected. Demographic records and information regarding presence of concurrent disease and medical records were also obtained. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess whether conditions exist that make appropriate control of blood pressure (BP) and prescription of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs more likely. RESULTS: We selected 2555 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity64 and 2755 with @entity63 . Among all of the subjects, 32.6% had no BP recorded. Among the remaining subjects, 58.7% reported uncontrolled BP. Isolated systolic @entity101 has been shown in 68.8% of @entity1 with uncontrolled BP. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs were prescribed in 72% of these cases. Factors that made the prescription significantly more unlikely were diagnosis of @entity63 (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.54), total invalidity (OR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.78), and time from event of 5 years or more (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Italian FPs could improve secondary prevention of @entity64 . The primary target of intervention should be the control of systolic BP, and the group of @entity1 with unacceptably high BP should be given priority. All of these @entity1 should have been prescribed antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulant agents, except in cases of extremely short life expectancy or substantial contraindications.

title: Secondary prevention of XXXX in Italy: a cross-sectional survey in family practice.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular accidents', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: A series of 52 consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) was investigated for the presence of serum and urine monoclonal immunoglobulins. The overall incidence of @entity1581 ( @entity1581 ) was 69%. Serum M components belonging to the IgG and IgM classes were found in 27% of cases with a concentration ranging from 1.7 to 40.3 g/l (mean 10 g/l). A monoclonal free light chain, i.e. Bence Jones protein (BJP), was documented in the urine of 65% of cases. In 42% of the 52 @entity1 the urinary excretion of BJP represented the sole detectable monoclonal immunoglobulin abnormality. The occurrence of serum monoclonal immunoglobulins was not found to correlate with the stage or progression of the disease. Conversely, the isolated urinary excretion of BJP showed a relationship with the @entity5 load, as evaluated in terms of clinical enlargement of lymphoid areas. The presence of BJP alone was also a major distinctive feature of @entity1 with @entity146 . These preliminary data would suggest that the isolated urinary excretion of BJP may represent a parameter of clinical significance in evaluating @entity1 with @entity6444 .

title: Monoclonal Bence Jones proteinuria in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1581 :: ('MESH:D010265', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal gammopathy', 'MG']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['more aggressive disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia', 'CLL']

answer: @entity6444 :: (MESH:D015461,Disease) :: ['chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Glycosidases profusion in male reproductive fluids suggests a possible relationship with sperm function. Although Hexosaminidase (Hex) is the most active glycosidase in epididymal fluid and seminal plasma, as well as in spermatozoa, Glucosidase is considered a marker for epididymal function and @entity3893 . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine Hex activity in seminal plasma from @entity1 with normal and abnormal spermograms and analyze its correlation with seminal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross sectional study, seminal plasma from azoospermic, asthenozoospermic, teratozoospermic, and normozoospermic @entity1 was analyzed for the activity of: total Hex, @entity12744 isoform, and glucosidase. Besides, @entity21775 levels were determined, and the amount of Hex was quantified by immunoblot with a specific antibody. Correlation of Hex activity with seminal parameters was also analyzed. RESULTS: Hex activity, like glucosidase, was significantly reduced in azoospermic samples (44, 49, and 60% reduction for total Hex, @entity12744 and glucosidase, respectively). A reduced amount of Hex in azoospermic samples was confirmed by western immunoblot. Hex activity was negatively correlated with round cells in azoospermic samples and positively correlated with motility in asthenozoospermic ones. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that Hex activity was reduced in azoospermic samples and this was due to a lower amount of enzyme. The correlation to seminal parameters related to particular pathologies suggests a possible relationship of Hex with fertilizing capacity.

title: Seminal plasma hexosaminidase in XXXX with normal and abnormal spermograms.

entities_list: @entity21775 :: ('CHEBI:24586', 'Chemical') :: ['hexosamine']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A major goal of @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) management is achieving urinary continence, most commonly with surgical bladder neck reconstruction (BNR). This is a report of outcome of BNR after complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE). At our institution, @entity1 history, ultrasound, cystogram (VCUG) and urodynamic study (UDS) were performed during a prospective evaluation of @entity1 with @entity1494 . Dry interval of >3 hours was used as the definition of continence and dry interval <1-hour @entity322 . Bladder capacity was measured at VCUG and/or UDS. UDS was also used to assess bladder compliance. From 1994 to 2010, we cared for 47 @entity1494 @entity1 (31 male, 15 female) after CPRE. For @entity1 >= 3 years after CPRE, BNR was performed in 9 of 22 (41%) male and 3 of 11 (27%) female @entity1 . Mean age at BNR was 6.3 and 5.9 years for male and female @entity1 , respectively. The mean (  SD) bladder capacity pre-BNR was 104.8 (  20.4 mL). There was a significant increase in capacity from pre-BNR to >= 1.5 years post-BNR (P = 0.013) and from <1.5 and >= 1.5 years post-BNR (P = 0.002). In conclusion, most @entity1 with @entity1494 require BNR after CPRE. The need for BNR is more common in male @entity1 .

title: The use of bladder neck reconstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy', 'BE']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that prehospital care teams that can provide advanced prehospital interventions may decrease the transit time through the @entity2613 to CT scan and subsequent surgery. This study is an exploratory analysis of data from the @entity542 Retrieval Trial (HIRT) examining the relationship between prehospital team type and time intervals during the prehospital and @entity2613 phases of management. METHODS: Three prehospital care models were compared; road paramedics, and two physician staffed @entity341 ( @entity341 ) - HIRT @entity341 and the Greater Sydney Area (GSA) @entity341 . Data on prehospital and @entity2613 time intervals for @entity1 who were randomised into the HIRT were extracted from the trial database. Additionally, data on interventions at the scene and in the @entity2613 , plus prehospital entrapment rate was also extracted. Subgroups of @entity1 that were not trapped or who were intubated at the scene were also specifically examined. RESULTS: A total of 3125 incidents were randomised in the trial yielding 505 cases with significant injury that were treated by road paramedics, 302 @entity1 treated by the HIRT @entity341 and 45 @entity1 treated by GSA @entity341 . The total time from emergency call to CT scan was non-significantly faster in the HIRT @entity341 group compared with road paramedics (medians of 1.9 hours vs. 2.1 hours P = 0.43) but the rate of prehospital intubation was 41% higher in the HIRT @entity341 group (46.4% vs. 5.3% P   <   0.001). Most time intervals for the GSA @entity341 were significantly longer with a regression analysis indicating that GSA @entity341 scene times were 13 (95% CI, 7-18) minutes longer than the HIRT @entity341 independent of injury severity, entrapment or interventions performed on scene. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that well-rehearsed and efficient interventions carried out on-scene, by a highly trained physician and paramedic team can allow earlier critical care treatment of severely injured @entity1 without increasing the time elapsed between injury and hospital-based intervention. There is also indication that role specialisation improves time intervals in physician staffed @entity341 which should be confirmed with purpose designed trials.

title: Prehospital response model and time to CT scan in blunt trauma @entity1 ; an exploratory analysis of data from the XXXX retrieval trial.

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['HEMS', 'Helicopter Emergency Medical Services']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: The lateral habenula (LHb) regulates the activity of monoaminergic neurons in the brainstem. This area has recently attracted a surge of interest in psychiatry because studies have reported the pathological activation of the habenula in @entity1 with @entity308 and in animal models. The LHb plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of @entity308 ; however, how habenular neurons are activated to cause various @entity308 symptoms, such as reduced motivation and @entity25 , remain unclear. We hypothesized that dysfunctional astrocytes may cause @entity2915 due to the defective uptake activity of extracellular @entity2227 , which induces @entity146 . We examined the activity of neurons in habenular pathways and performed behavioral and sleep analyses in @entity19 with pharmacological and genetic inhibition of the activity of the glial @entity2227 transporter @entity15368 in the LHb. The habenula-specific inhibition of @entity15368 increased the neuronal firing rate and the level of @entity9830 expression in the LHb. @entity19 with reduced @entity15368 activity in the habenula exhibited a @entity308 -like phenotype in the tail suspension and novelty-suppressed feeding tests. These animals also displayed increased susceptibility to chronic stress, displaying more frequent avoidant behavior without affecting locomotor activity in the open-field test. Intriguingly, the @entity19 showed @entity11755 , which is a characteristic sleep pattern in @entity1 with @entity308 . These results provide evidence that disrupting @entity2227 clearance in habenular astrocytes increases neuronal excitability and @entity308 -like phenotypes in behaviors and sleep.

title: Glial dysfunction in the XXXX habenula causes @entity146 and @entity25 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive', 'depression', 'major depression']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['depressive-like behaviors']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['LHb hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['disinhibition of rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity519 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity417 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity73 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity1 with solid @entity5 and @entity66 . @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity5 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity1 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity1 without serious diseases and 23 @entity1 with @entity8 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity417 on plasma @entity7 levels were determined. @entity7 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity7 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity1 without @entity5 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity1 with @entity5 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity1 with @entity8 (p = 0.001). @entity7 levels in @entity5 @entity1 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity5 , stage, histology or age. @entity1 with @entity5 had higher plasma levels of @entity7 than @entity1 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity7 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with and without @entity5 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity7 was confirmed. In 16 @entity1 with @entity8 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity7 levels with decreasing @entity7 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity1 have elevated levels of @entity7 . The data suggest that @entity417 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity5 .

title: @entity417 and elevated systemic levels of @entity7 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal anemia']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['benign diseases']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant disease', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignant and benign diseases']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of tissue oxygenation']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['VEGF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the hypothesis that in vitro @entity1603 ( @entity1603 ) labeling might be superior to @entity1758 immunostaining for prognostic value, because it more selectively labels cells during the S phase. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-six @entity1 with @entity0 (59% lymph node-negative, 41% lymph node-positive) surgically excised between 1988 and 1993 (median follow-up, 62 months) were evaluated for cellular proliferation using prospective in vitro @entity1603 uptake assays, retrospective mitotic indices, and @entity1758 labeling. RESULTS: @entity1758 , @entity1603 labeling, and mitotic index-derived proliferation data were highly correlated. Each was similarly associated with most other markers of prognosis, although these relationships were not identical. By univariate analysis, nodal status was the most significant prognostic variable for all @entity1 . Higher @entity1603 labeling index, @entity1758 immunolabeling, and mitotic index were also associated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival for the entire @entity1 group, as well as for node-negative @entity1 . The association between cellular proliferation and survival was much weaker for node-positive @entity1 . Multivariate models confirmed that nodal status, @entity5 size, and proliferation data predicted survival in all @entity1 as well as those with node-negative disease, although @entity1758 was somewhat more closely associated with outcome than mitotic index or in vitro @entity1603 data. For @entity1 with T1NOMO disease (n = 172), the only significant predictors of DFS were proliferation rate (mitotic index or @entity1758 ) and @entity5 grade. CONCLUSIONS: Proliferation rate predicts recurrence and survival in @entity0 . This effect is more pronounced in node-negative @entity1 . In vitro @entity1603 data are not superior to @entity1758 and mitotic counting.

title: Comparison of mitotic index, in vitro @entity1603 labeling, and XXXX assays to quantitate proliferation in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine', 'BrDu']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity1758 :: (57534,Gene) :: ['MIB-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity137 and activity of @entity2816 in @entity1 with advanced metastatic @entity1358 and to measure changes of one angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity7 )165, with therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 29 @entity1 were enrolled on a study of @entity2816 using an intra- @entity1 dose escalation schedule. @entity1 began @entity2816 at 400 mg/d and escalated as tolerated to 1200 mg/d by day 54. Fifty-nine per cent of @entity1 had had previous therapy with @entity1199 and 52% were performance status 2 or 3. Systemic plasma @entity1655 levels were measured by dual monoclonal ELISA in 8 @entity1 . RESULTS: 24 @entity1 were evaluable for response with one partial response of 11 months duration of a @entity1 with hepatic and pulmonary metastases (4%), one minor response, and 2 @entity1 stable for over 6 months. @entity2147 and @entity1142 were prominent @entity137 and most @entity1 could not tolerate the 1200 mg/day dose level. Systemic plasma @entity1655 levels did not change with therapy. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a low level of activity of @entity2816 in @entity1358 . Administration of doses over 800 mg/day was difficult to achieve in this @entity1 population, however lower doses were practical. The dose-response relationship, if any, of @entity2816 for @entity1358 is unclear.

title: A phase II study of @entity2816 in advanced metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['Somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'renal cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated whether toddlers in an extended preventive program of semiannual @entity1388 varnish applications from 1 year of age had a lower incidence of @entity1547 than those undergoing a standard program. A cohort of 1-year-old @entity1 (n = 3,403) living in multicultural areas of low socioeconomic standing in Stockholm participated in a cluster-randomized controlled field trial with two parallel arms. The @entity1 attended 23 dental clinics. Using the ICDAS II criteria, the examiners recorded @entity1547 at baseline and after 1 and 2 years. The @entity1 in the reference group received a standardized oral health program once yearly between 1 and 3 years of age. The @entity1 in the test group received the same standard program supplemented with topical applications of @entity1388 varnish every 6 months. We compared the test group and the reference group for the prevalence and @entity1547 . At baseline, 5% of the @entity1 had already developed @entity1547 (ICDAS II 1-6). We reexamined the @entity1 after 1 year (n = 2,675) and after 2 years (n = 2,536). Neither prevalence nor @entity1547 increment differed between the groups. At 3 years of age, 12% of the @entity1 had developed moderate and severe @entity1547 (ICDAS II 3-6), with a mean increment of 0.5 (SD 2.4) in the test group and 0.6 (SD 2.2) in the reference group. In conclusion, semiannual professional applications of @entity1388 varnish, as a supplement to a standard oral health program, failed to reduce @entity1547 development in toddlers from high-risk communities.

title: Effectiveness of Early Preventive Intervention with Semiannual XXXX Varnish Application in Toddlers Living in High-Risk Areas: A Stratified Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['carious lesions', 'increment of caries', 'caries']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['Fluoride']


abstract: Inherited @entity209 with acute severe manifestations can be divided into five categories: (1) disorders of the intoxication type, (2) disorders with @entity146 , (3) disorders with disturbed energy metabolism, (4) disorders of neurotransmission and (5) disorders in which no specific emergency treatment is available. Diagnostic emergency laboratory evaluation should cover all differential diagnoses that are therapeutically relevant and should always include @entity3265 , @entity413 , @entity880 and acid-base status as well as testing the urine for @entity16623 . These are indispensable for planning and conducting the first steps of metabolic emergency treatment and should be available within 30 min. According to the clinical situation and biochemical derangement, special metabolic investigations must be initiated in parallel. These include @entity14992 profiling with tandem mass spectrometry (in plasma or dried blood spots) and analysis of @entity1522 in plasma and of organic acids in urine. The results of all laboratory investigations relevant to the diagnosis of @entity209 for which specific emergency therapy exists should be available within 24 h. There is general agreement with regard to some therapeutic strategies that are clearly explained by pathophysiology: in disorders with endogenous intoxication, anabolism must be promoted and specific detoxification measures initiated. In disorders with @entity146 , administration of @entity413 at the rate of hepatic @entity413 production forms the basis of treatment. Correction of @entity520 is a major @entity74 with disturbed mitochondrial energy metabolism, while @entity413 supply may have to be limited. Many current therapeutic strategies are based on case reports and personal experiences at different metabolic centres. The aim of devising the 'best' management is often hampered by the lack of objective evidence of efficacy.

title: Emergency management of inherited XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['reduced fasting tolerance']

entities_list: @entity14992 :: ('MESH:C116917', 'Chemical') :: ['acylcarnitine']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['goal in disorders']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute enterovirus (EV) @entity693 is a frequent cause of hospitalisation, and over 100 EV serotypes may be involved. A total of 215 @entity1 of all ages with @entity693 signs were investigated in 2 Tunisian hospitals. Their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed retrospectively for EVs with a TaqMan real-time RT-qPCR. The virus strains were typed, and their evolutionary relationships were determined by Bayesian phylogenetic methods. An EV genome was detected in 21/215 @entity1 (9.8%). The CSF viral loads ranged from 3.27 to 5.63 log10 genome copies/mL. The strains were identified in 13/21 @entity1 and assigned to EV-B types. Viruses identified in Tunisian @entity1 were genetically related to variants detected in France. The viral loads were similar in Tunisian and French @entity1 for most EV types. The phylogenetic data and viral loads determined in Tunisian and French @entity1 suggest that close EV variants were involved in @entity5827 in the 2 countries over a same period.

title: XXXX in Tunisia (Monastir, Mahdia, 2011-2013): identification of virus variants cocirculating in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5827 :: ('MESH:D008582', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic meningitis']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['Enterovirus meningitis']


abstract: Brain @entity3 occur in 20-40% of @entity1 with @entity5 and their frequency has increased over time. Lung, breast and skin ( @entity320 ) are the commonest sources of brain @entity3 , and in up to 15% of @entity1 the primary site remains unknown. After the introduction of MRI, multiple lesions have outnumbered single lesions. Contrast-enhanced MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis. There are no pathognomonic features on CT or MRI that distinguish brain @entity3 from primary @entity1313 or nonneoplastic conditions: therefore a tissue diagnosis by biopsy should be always obtained in @entity1 with unknown @entity5 before undergoing radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Some factors are prognostically important: a high Performance Status, a solitary brain metastasis, an absence of systemic @entity3 , a controlled @entity5 and a younger age. Based on these factors, subgroups of @entity1 with different prognosis have been identified (RPA class I, II, III). Symptomatic therapy includes corticosteroids to reduce @entity2657 and anticonvulsants to control @entity410 . In @entity1 with newly diagnosed brain @entity3 prophylactic anticonvulsants should not be used routinely. The combination of surgery and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is superior to WBRT alone for the treatment of single brain metastasis in @entity1 with limited or @entity262 and good @entity16 . Complete surgical resection allows a relief of intracranial @entity101 , @entity410 and focal @entity51 . Radiosurgery, alone or in conjunction with WBRT, yields results which are comparable to those reported after surgery followed by WBRT, provided that lesion's diameter does not exceed 3-3.5 cm. Radiosurgery offers the potential of treating @entity1 with surgically inaccessible @entity3 . Still controversial is the need for WBRT after surgery or radiosurgery: local control seems better with the combined approach, but overall survival does not improve. Late @entity2359 in long surviving @entity1 after WBRT is not negligible; to avoid this complication @entity1 with favorable prognostic factors must be treated with conventional schedules of @entity138 , and monitoring of cognitive functions is important. WBRT alone is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with single brain metastasis not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery, and with an active @entity262 , and in @entity1 with multiple brain @entity3 . A small subgroup of these latter may benefit from surgery. The response rate of brain @entity3 to chemotherapy is similar to the response rate of the @entity5 and extracranial @entity3 , some @entity5 types being more chemosensitive ( @entity151 , @entity0 , @entity2971 ). New radiosensitizers and @entity137 or cytostatic agents, and innovative technique of drug delivery are being investigated.

title: Management of brain XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['vasogenic cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['malignant brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['absent systemic disease', 'systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advanced placental maturation (Grannum [G] grade 3) before term is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes associated with @entity2431 . The nature and timing of the underlying pathology of this process is presently unclear. We hypothesized that advanced placental maturation at 30 to 34 weeks' gestation is not associated with established second trimester markers of severe @entity5028 . METHODS: In a cohort study of 1238 low-risk Caucasian @entity1 with singleton pregnancies who had sonographic assessment of placental maturation and fetal growth at 34 weeks, the results of @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) and uterine artery Doppler (UtAD) flow studies at 16 weeks were related to adverse perinatal outcomes associated with @entity2431 : antepartum @entity548 , @entity1468 , @entity600 < 37 weeks, small for gestational age (< 10th percentile), or postnatal evidence of @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ; ponderal index < 5th percentile). RESULTS: G1 was found in 127 @entity1 (10.3%), G2 was found in 18 @entity1 (1.5%), and no cases of G3 were observed. Advanced Grannum grading was significantly associated with @entity1592 (48 [4.4%] in G0, 9 [7.1%] in G1, 5 [27.8%] in G2; P < 0.001), but was dependent on smoking status. @entity1592 was not predicted by abnormal @entity7310 or abnormal UtAD findings at either the second or third trimester ultrasounds. CONCLUSION: G2 maturation at 30 to 34 weeks' gestation is associated with mild @entity1592 at delivery in low-risk @entity1 and with smoking. @entity1592 was not predicted by either second or third trimester markers of severe @entity5028 . Future studies directly observing the placenta in the late third trimester may aid the elusive diagnosis of "late-onset" mild @entity1592 .

title: Sonographic maturation of the placenta at 30 to 34 weeks is not associated with second trimester markers of XXXX in low-risk pregnancies.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5028 :: ('MESH:D010922', 'Disease') :: ['placental dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal serum screening', 'MSS']

entities_list: @entity2431 :: ('MESH:D010927', 'Disease') :: ['placental insufficiency']

answer: @entity2431 :: (MESH:D010927,Disease) :: ['placental insufficiency']


abstract: Previous studies have shown an increase in latency of the visual evoked response (VER) recorded from the cortical surface of adult @entity35 subjected to @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ) during pre- and postnatal development. This alteration has been shown to originate mainly from the cortex itself. In the present study the possibility of normalizing such VER alterations by nutritional rehabilitation after early @entity1949 (R- @entity1949 ) was investigated. Male @entity35 were subjected to pre- and early postnatal @entity1949 through their mothers. Nutritional rehabilitation was started from weaning. The @entity35 gained weight rapidly compared with @entity35 subjected to @entity1949 throughout postnatal development but never reached the weight of controls (C) of the same age. Food consumption in relation to body weight was similar to that of controls. Rehabilitation continued until adult age when neurophysiological experiments were performed. The VER recordings from the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) showed latencies similar to those reported previously for adult C and @entity1949 @entity35 . The latencies of onset and first peaks of the cortical response recorded from the surface were increased by 5-6 ms in R- @entity1949 compared with C @entity35 and hence similar to the latencies of adult @entity1949 @entity35 . Intracortical responses to electrical stimulation in the dLGN were also similar to those of adult @entity1949 @entity35 showing an normal onset latency but an increased latency of the peaks of the monosynaptic and late responses compared with C @entity35 . The present results imply that the increased VER latencies noted in adult @entity1949 and R- @entity1949 @entity35 are due to changes installed by @entity1949 during early development since they can not be reversed by nutritional rehabilitation starting at weaning.

title: Functional development of the visual system in normal and protein-deprived @entity35 . VI. Evoked responses in adult XXXX , protein deprived in early life and nutritionally rehabilitated from weaning.

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'protein deprivation']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity1735 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity1522 and @entity369 on @entity413 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity413 ( @entity435 trial), 1 g/kg @entity413 + 0.1 g/kg @entity534 + 0.1 g/kg @entity18200 ( @entity435 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity413 and insulin, and lower @entity653 and non-esterified @entity844 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity435 and @entity435 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity1735 with or without @entity18200 and @entity369 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity18200 and @entity369 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of @entity1735 , branched-chain @entity1522 , and XXXX in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity369 :: (CHEBI:29016,Chemical) :: ['arginine']


abstract: @entity2778 was given for extended therapy to 22 of 29 @entity1 with frequent (greater than or equal to 30/hour) complex @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) who had participated in a short-term study of @entity2778 vs placebo. Open-label @entity2778 was given in individually titrated divided doses of 160 to 800 mg/day (median 323, mean 386 mg/day). Response was assessed at approximately 1, 6, and 12 months or until @entity1 discontinuation. The period of @entity2778 therapy averaged 9 months (range, 0.2 to 22.7). At about 1 month, 13 (59%) of 22 @entity1 showed effective control of @entity943 . The median percentage change in total @entity1540 for individual @entity1 at 1 month was -70% and for repetitive @entity1540 it was -95%. At about 6 months, 10 (45%) of the 22 @entity1 continued to be successfully treated; at about 12 months, seven @entity1 continued on @entity2778 , six (27%) successfully treated according to Holter criteria. Reasons for discontinuation included lack of efficacy in nine, adverse effects in four (fatigue in three, @entity1168 with sinus pauses in one), and miscellaneous reasons in two. ECG PR and especially QTc intervals increased significantly during therapy (p less than 0.02, p less than 0.01, respectively). In summary, @entity2778 is a moderately effective antiarrhythmic agent in @entity1 with complex @entity1540 , but during long-term therapy a rather high dropout rate was observed because of @entity943 recurrence or adverse effects.

title: Long-term experience with @entity2778 in the treatment of complex XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes', 'PVCs']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and @entity137 of combination chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced, @entity5 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized, single-arm trial. SETTING: Governmental medical referral center. @entity1 : Fourteen @entity1 with @entity5 confirmed by histologic tests. All @entity1 had metastatic disease and elevated urinary @entity2922 secretion. INTERVENTIONS: After optimization of antihypertensive therapy, @entity1 received @entity786 , 750 mg/m2 body surface area on day 1; @entity1891 , 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, and @entity2699 , 600 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2, every 21 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Combination chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity2699 produced a complete and partial response rate of 57% (median duration, 21 months; range, 7 to more than 34). Complete and partial biochemical responses were seen in 79% of @entity1 (median duration, more than 22 months; range, 6 to more than 35). All responding @entity1 had objective improvement in performance status and blood pressure. @entity137 included expected hematologic, neurologic, and gastrointestinal effects of chemotherapy without serious sequelae. There were four minor @entity551 episodes and one minor @entity101 episode. CONCLUSIONS: Combination chemotherapy with @entity786 , @entity1891 , and @entity2699 is effective for advanced @entity5 . Urinary @entity2661 are useful to ascertain biochemical response to therapy.

title: @entity5 : effective treatment with a combination of @entity786 , @entity1891 , and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity2699 :: ('MESH:D003606', 'Chemical') :: ['dacarbazine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity2699 :: (MESH:D003606,Chemical) :: ['dacarbazine']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: @entity19629 ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic XXXX @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity19629 :: ('MESH:C533860', 'Chemical') :: ['Macitentan', 'macitentan']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Apoptosis is the early and predominant form of cell death in infarcted myocardia. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) and @entity898 (NAC), used alone or in combination, on oxidative stress, @entity1188 size, and @entity63 -reperfusion (IR)-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis in a @entity35 model of @entity741 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Myocardial IR was established by ligating an area under the left main coronary artery for 30  min followed by 3  h of reperfusion. Saline (1  ml/kg), NAC (50, 150  mg/kg), or @entity2904 (3, 5  mg/kg) was intravenously injected during the middle of the @entity63 period. At the end of the reperfusion, blood samples were collected from the animals to measure serum M30 and M65 levels, which are markers of cell death, the @entity21078 level, which is a marker of @entity32 , and the @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) level, which is a marker of oxidative stress. The @entity1188 size was evaluated as the ratio of the @entity1188 area to the risk area. Apoptotic activation was assessed by @entity4124 immunostaining and a TUNEL assay. @entity2904 and NAC, either alone or in combination, significantly reduced serum @entity1865 levels, @entity1188 area and apoptotic activity compared to those observed in saline group. Interestingly, the @entity1188 area was more smaller in @entity2904 (3 and 5  mg/kg) injected groups (9.72      1.3% and 9.96      2.3%) than those observed in NAC (50 and 150  mg/kg) (16.1      2.5% and 19.1      2.14%) or @entity2904 (5  mg/kg)- NAC (150  mg/kg) combination groups (16.9      1.6%). However, the apoptotic activity was reduced more significantly in the combination of @entity2904 (5  mg/kg)-NAC (50  mg/kg) compared to @entity2904 -only group. Neither @entity2904 or NAC treatments nor the combination of the drugs significantly affected serum M30, M65 and @entity21078 levels. CONCLUSION: Intravenous NAC and @entity2904 administration decreased oxidative stress, @entity1188 area and apoptotic activity in a @entity35 model of IR. Although the combination treatment was more effective in reducing the apoptotic activity than either treatment groups alone, @entity2904 treatment was more successful in reducing the @entity1188 area than NAC or combination treatments. Present results suggest that, in addition to mechanical attempts to secure myocardial reperfusion, the use of @entity2904 and NAC may help to reduce IR injury.

title: Effective inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the combination of XXXX and @entity898 in a @entity35 model of @entity741 and reperfusion injury.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['trimetazidine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IR']

answer: @entity1481 :: (MESH:D014292,Chemical) :: ['trimetazidine']


abstract: The @entity1 was a 52-year-old @entity1 who was initially admitted to our hospital with a recent history of @entity892 , @entity1736 and @entity227 on the right, adding to 6 years history of the right orbital @entity158 . She had gradually developed @entity158 and fatigue of the right knee since childhood and had been suffered from multiple subcutaneous @entity5 in the both hands and the right foot from youth onward. On neurological examination, she has had right exphthalmos and 3rd and 6th @entity129 on the right. Skull X-ray and CT scan showed parasellar calcified mass on the right. In chromosome examination, the inversion of the No. 1 chromosome was disclosed by the Q- and C-band dyeing of her leucocytes and skin culture. @entity2477 of her @entity272 and @entity75 were diagnosed by X-ray examination and histological specimen, indicating so-called @entity6446 . One year and a half later, she was readmitted to our institution, because of progressive @entity227 on the right and left @entity1269 . @entity66 was suspected by the clinical course and neuroradiological findings and was confirmed histologically by the second peration. During postoperative course, intratumoral @entity548 had occurred twice and the @entity1 died, and postmortem examination confirmed her clinical affair. This is the case which was clarified @entity5 in the parasellar region, and is the first case verified the @entity2008 in @entity6446 .

title: [ @entity6446 with intracranial manifestation and XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant change of the parasellar lesion']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['Cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant transformation of enchondroma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['enchondroma of the skeletal lesion']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and temporal headache', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6446 :: ('MESH:D004687', 'Disease') :: ["Maffucci's syndrome"]

answer: @entity2008 :: (MESH:D002869,Disease) :: ['chromosome abnormalities']