abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity313 complex, paracentric chromosomal inversions are non-randomly distributed along the complement: 18/31 (58%) of common polymorphic inversions are on chromosome arm 2R, which represents only approximately 30% of the complement. Moreover, in An. gambiae sensu stricto, 6/7 common polymorphic inversions occur on 2R. Most of these inversions are considered markers of ecological adaptation that increase the fitness of the carriers of alternative karyotypes in contrasting habitats. However, little is known about the evolutionary forces responsible for their origin and subsequent establishment in field populations. RESULTS: Here, we present data on 82 previously undescribed @entity395 ( @entity395 ) recorded during extensive field sampling in 16 African countries over a 30 year period, which may shed light on the dynamics of chromosomal plasticity in An. gambiae. We analyzed breakpoint distribution, length, and geographic distribution of @entity395 , and compared these measures to those of the common inversions. We found that @entity395 , like common inversions, are disproportionately clustered on 2R, which may indicate that this arm is especially prone to breakages. However, contrasting patterns were observed between the geographic distribution of common inversions and @entity395 . @entity395 were equally frequent across biomes and on both sides of the Great Rift Valley ( @entity12268 ), whereas common inversions predominated in arid ecological settings and west of the @entity12268 . Moreover, the distribution of RCI lengths followed a random pattern while common inversions were significantly less frequent at shorter lengths. CONCLUSION: Because 17/82 (21%) @entity395 were found repeatedly at very low frequencies - at the same sampling location in different years and/or in different sampling locations - we suggest that @entity395 are subject mainly to drift under unperturbed ecological conditions. Nevertheless, @entity395 may represent an important reservoir of genetic variation for An. gambiae in response to environmental changes, further testifying to the considerable evolutionary potential hidden within this pan-African @entity311 vector.

title: Chromosomal plasticity and evolutionary potential in the XXXX vector @entity313 : insights from three decades of rare paracentric inversions.

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['RCIs', 'rare chromosomal inversions']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to investigate cognitive enhancing property of @entity7774 -converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI) and @entity7774 receptor blockers (ARBs) in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The elevated plus maze (EPM), @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ), and @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) were used to assess cognitive enhancing activity in young and aged @entity35 . @entity3372 (10 mg/kg, p.o.), @entity4687 (10 mg/kg, i.p), @entity9886 (20 mg/kg, i.p), and @entity917 (20 mg/kg, p.o) were administered to assess their effect on learning and memory. @entity5591 (1 mg/kg, i.p) was used to impair cognitive function. @entity2475 (200 mg/kg, i.p) was used as reference drug. RESULTS: All the treatments significantly attenuated @entity2730 induced by aging and @entity5591 . In EPM, aged and @entity5591 -treated @entity35 showed an increase in transfer latency (TL) whereas, ACEI and ARBs showed a significant decrease in TL. Treatment with ACEI and ARBs significantly increased step down latencies and decreased latency to reach the platform in target quadrant in young, aged and @entity5591 -treated animals in @entity1314 and @entity1062 , respectively. The treatments inhibited @entity4833 ( @entity4833 ) enzyme in the brain. Similarly, all the treatments attenuated @entity5591 -induced lipid peroxidation and normalize antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the cognitive enhancing effect of ACEI and ARBs may be due to inhibition of @entity4833 or by regulation of antioxidant system or increase in formation of @entity71128 .

title: Cognitive enhancing effect of XXXX -converting enzyme inhibitors and @entity7774 receptor blockers on learning and memory.

entities_list: @entity917 :: ('MESH:C081489', 'Chemical') :: ['valsartan']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['PAT', 'passive avoidance test']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['Ramipril']

entities_list: @entity2475 :: ('MESH:D010889', 'Chemical') :: ['Piracetam']

entities_list: @entity7774 :: ('MESH:D000809', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity4833 :: ('83817(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AChE', 'acetylcholinesterase']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['WMT', 'water maze test']

entities_list: @entity71128 :: ('MESH:C012877', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin IV']

entities_list: @entity5591 :: ('MESH:D012601', 'Chemical') :: ['Scopolamine', 'scopolamine']

entities_list: @entity4687 :: ('MESH:D020913', 'Chemical') :: ['perindopril']

answer: @entity7774 :: (MESH:D000809,Chemical) :: ['angiotensin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although previous evidence has shown that ultrasound is unreliable to diagnose undescended testis, many @entity298 ( @entity298 ) continue to misuse it. We assessed the performance of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for palpable undescended testis, as well as the diagnostic agreement between @entity298 and pediatric urologists. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational cohort study between 2011 and 2013 for consecutive @entity1 referred with a diagnosis of undescended testis to our tertiary pediatric hospital. @entity1 referred without an ultrasound and those with non-palpable @entity1062 were excluded. Data on referring diagnosis, pediatric urology examination and ultrasound reports were analyzed. RESULTS: Our study consisted of 339 @entity1 . Of these, @entity1 without an ultrasound (n = 132) and those with non-palpable @entity1062 (n = 38) were excluded. In the end, there were 169 pateints in this study. Ultrasound was performed in 50% of referred @entity1 showing 256 undescended testis. The mean age at time of referral was 45 months. When ultrasound was compared to physical examination by the pediatric urologist, agreement was only 34%. The performance of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis was: sensitivity = 100%; specificity = 16%; positive predictive value = 34%; negative predictive value = 100%; positive likelihood ratio = 1.2; and negative likelihood ratio = 0. Diagnosis of undescended testis by @entity298 was confirmed by physical examination in 30% of cases, with 70% re-diagnosed with normal or retractile @entity1062 . CONCLUSION: Ultrasound performed poorly to assess for palpable undescended testis in @entity1 and should not be used. Although the study has important limitations, there is an increasing need for education and evidence-based guidelines for @entity298 in the management of undescended testis.

title: Misuse of ultrasound for palpable undescended testis by XXXX : A prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['PCP', 'primary care providers']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['primary care providers']


abstract: @entity7086 is a fatal complication of @entity583 that may involve especially the left ventricular free wall, the ventricular septum and the papillary muscle, but also the right ventricular free wall and more rarely the atrium. This complication is responsible for 10-15% of in-hospital deaths after ST-elevation @entity583 . Advanced age, female sex, first @entity1188 and @entity101 (in the acute phase of @entity1188 ) are the most important risk factors for @entity7086 . It occurs typically between 4 and 7 days after the @entity1188 but it may also develop within the first 24-48h, particularly in @entity1 undergoing fibrinolytic therapy and in cardiac @entity1 with the following characteristics: 1) recent coronary artery occlusion, 2) transmural @entity39 , 3) poor collateral circulation, and 4) minimal or absent @entity296 . @entity7086 should be suspected when sudden or rapidly progressive hemodynamic deterioration occurs. After prompt diagnosis and stabilization, the @entity1 can be operated. The high mortality rate between 5 and 14 days post- @entity1188 justifies the urgency of surgical repair, which includes infartectomy and the employment of a Dacron patch and biological glues. Also percutaneous strategies have recently been used in @entity1 with high surgical risk. The most frequently performed surgical techniques for the treatment of @entity7086 are described below. By now early diagnosis and surgical treatment are crucial for successful outcome.

title: [Surgical treatment of early complications after ST-elevation XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7086 :: ('MESH:D006341', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rupture', 'cardiac rupture']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Multi centre registries such as the French @entity2012 Registry created in 1999 provide data on rare disorders that are otherwise difficult to obtain. This study focuses on the characteristics of high blood pressure in @entity1 aged of over 70 years old. @entity1 AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the thirty centres where @entity1 had been recorded on the @entity2012 Registry since 1999. RESULTS: The Register listed a total of 644 @entity1 with @entity2012 at January 1st 2005, of whom 68 (22 @entity1 and 46 @entity1 ) were aged over 70 years old (10.6%). Their mean age was 76.8 +/- 5 years (range 70 - 95) and they had been presenting @entity2012 for 11 +/- 6 years (compared to 7 years in those aged less than 70). Their BMI were 27.9 +/- 4 kg/m2 for @entity1 , 27.7 +/- 4 for @entity1 (respectively 28.4 +/- 4.3 and 26.7 +/- 4.4 in those aged less than 70 years). @entity101 was particularly frequent in this population, reaching 80% vs. 27% under 70 years (p=0.0001). Prevalence was then higher than in general population (referring to FLAHS study). Mean blood pressure was 143 +/- 12 / 84 +/- 15 mmHg for @entity1 and 141 +/- 17 / 79 +/- 9 for @entity1 . 46% of @entity1 and 30% of @entity1 treated or not, had blood pressure over 140 / 90 mmHg. Data showed 12% of @entity13675 , 8% of @entity299 , 12% of @entity63 and 12% of @entity1 suffering from @entity3468 or @entity64 . Although various therapeutic strategies had been applied for young and elderly @entity1 , 51% in each group were in remission one year after inclusion. DISCUSSION: More than 10% of @entity1 are aged over 70 years in the French @entity2012 Registry and @entity101 is very frequently observed in this population. The increasing life expectancy due to currently available treatments justifies a strict management of @entity1 in order to reduce @entity65 , which stay the main cause of morbidity and mortality.

title: [ @entity101 and XXXX in the elderly: French Registry Data].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity13675 :: ('MESH:C536187', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiopathy']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risks']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: Natural populations exhibit a great deal of interindividual genetic variation in the response to toxins, exemplified by the variable clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs in @entity1 , and the evolution of pesticide resistant insects. Such variation can result from several phenomena, including variable metabolic detoxification of the xenobiotic, and differential sensitivity of the molecular target of the toxin. Our goal is to genetically dissect variation in the response to xenobiotics, and characterize naturally-segregating polymorphisms that modulate @entity137 . Here, we use the @entity238 Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a multiparent advanced intercross panel of recombinant inbred lines, to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) underlying xenobiotic resistance, and employ @entity5834 as a model toxic compound. Phenotyping over 1,700 genotypes led to the identification of ten QTL, each explaining 4.5-14.4% of the broad-sense heritability for @entity5834 resistance. Four QTL harbor members of the cytochrome P450 family of detoxification enzymes, which represent strong a priori candidate genes. The case is especially strong for @entity72281 , with multiple lines of evidence indicating the gene causally impacts @entity5834 resistance. @entity72281 is implicated by QTL mapped in both panels of DSPR RILs, is significantly upregulated in the presence of @entity5834 , and RNAi knockdown robustly decreases @entity5834 tolerance. Furthermore, copy number variation at @entity72281 is strongly associated with phenotype in the DSPR, with a trend in the same direction observed in the DGRP ( @entity238 Genetic Reference Panel). No additional plausible causative polymorphisms were observed in a full genomewide association study in the DGRP, or in analyses restricted to QTL regions mapped in the DSPR. Just as in @entity1 populations, replicating modest-effect, naturally-segregating causative variants in an association study framework in flies will likely require very large sample sizes.

title: Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: Anogenital warts are caused by @entity1082 ), over 30 types of which are infectious for the anogenital tract. Without treatment, warts may regress spontaneously, remain unchanged, or increase in number and size. This study compared the efficacy of a topical 5% @entity4014 ( @entity3071 ) solution with that of a topical 0.5% @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and 10% @entity3785 (SA) combination in the treatment of @entity4891 . Sixty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive topical @entity3071 or @entity1487  +  SA. Both groups demonstrated a significant decrease in numbers of lesions (P  <  0.05), but this difference was not significant at week 12 (P  >  0.05). The mean number of lesions decreased from baseline to week 12 from 17.03      12.64 to 3.73      7.30 and from 16.13      12.97 to 3.10      4.90 in the @entity3071 and @entity1487  +  SA groups, respectively (P  <  0.001). Excellent clearance was achieved by 70.0 and 76.7% of @entity1 in the @entity3071 and @entity1487  +  SA groups, respectively. Marked improvement was seen in 13.3 and 20.0% of @entity1 in the @entity3071 and @entity1487  +  SA groups, respectively. At week 16, relapse was observed in two @entity1 in the @entity3071 group and three in the @entity1487  +  SA group (P  >  0.05). No serious adverse events were reported. Neither treatment was more efficacious. Safety and ease of application are important goals in treatments for @entity4891 . A 5% @entity3071 solution is a promising alternative treatment because it is effective and inexpensive and causes minimal side effects.

title: A comparison of a 5% @entity4014 solution with a @entity1487 and XXXX combination in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity4891 : a randomized, open-label clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3785 :: ('MESH:D020156', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity4891 :: ('MESH:D014860', 'Disease') :: ['anogenital warts']

entities_list: @entity4014 :: ('MESH:C029943', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity3785 :: (MESH:D020156,Chemical) :: ['salicylic acid']


abstract: @entity1144 is the hallmark of a number of @entity74 . The advent of imaging techniques such as MRI has allowed for a fast and accurate assessment of body fat content and distribution. However, image analysis continues to be one of the major obstacles to the use of MRI in large-scale studies. In this study we assess the validity of the recently proposed fat-muscle quantitation system (AMRA(TM) Profiler) for the quantification of intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT) and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) from abdominal MR images. Abdominal MR images were acquired from 23 volunteers with a broad range of BMIs and analysed using sliceOmatic, the current gold-standard, and the AMRA(TM) Profiler based on a non-rigid image registration of a library of segmented atlases. The results show that there was a highly significant correlation between the fat volumes generated by the two analysis methods, (Pearson correlation r = 0.97, p < 0.001), with the AMRA(TM) Profiler analysis being significantly faster (~3 min) than the conventional sliceOmatic approach (~40 min). There was also excellent agreement between the methods for the quantification of IAAT (AMRA 4.73    1.99 versus sliceOmatic 4.73    1.75 l, p = 0.97). For the AMRA(TM) Profiler analysis, the intra-observer coefficient of variation was 1.6% for IAAT and 1.1% for @entity1386 , the inter-observer coefficient of variation was 1.4% for IAAT and 1.2% for @entity1386 , the intra-observer correlation was 0.998 for IAAT and 0.999 for @entity1386 , and the inter-observer correlation was 0.999 for both IAAT and @entity1386 . These results indicate that precise and accurate measures of body fat content and distribution can be obtained in a fast and reliable form by the AMRA(TM) Profiler, opening up the possibility of large-scale @entity1 phenotypic studies. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Validation of a fast method for quantification of intra-abdominal and subcutaneous adipose tissue for large-scale XXXX studies.

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['Central obesity']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['non-inheritable disorders']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['ASAT', 'abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Stimulation electrodes are implanted under general anesthesia, without intra-operative electrophysiology or clinical testing, based only on stereotactic MRI and direct anatomical localization of the postero-ventro-basal @entity14243 . We retrospectively analyzed the surgical procedure that has been designed and implemented in our center, using the Leksell G frame, for initiating deep brain stimulation in 65 @entity3520 @entity1 . We report the surgical technique and the hardware and software complications. We recommend immediate postoperative stereotactic MRI under general anesthesia as a prerequisite to check the reliability of MR acquisition (magnet stability) and the exact localization of each electrode. This technique allowed us to reduce the duration of the operation to 4 h, including general anesthesia, frame fixation, MRI acquisition, implantation of two electrodes under radioscopic control, immediate postoperative stereotactic MRI and frame removal. Surgery-related morbidity was very low with a 0% @entity548 rate and three delayed @entity281 re-operated 6 months later. Hardware and software complications were rare. The advances in 3D-MR imaging permit the electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation without resorting to intraoperative localization techniques, which is especially helpful in @entity1 and for treating @entity3519 . The maximum follow-up period is 58 months (first case: November 1996). @entity14243 stimulation has proven to be an effective treatment for most @entity3520 with particular efficacy in the disease due to the @entity7922 mutation.

title: Deep brain stimulation for XXXX . Surgical technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3520 :: ('MESH:D020821', 'Disease') :: ['dystonic syndromes', 'dystonic']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral infections']

answer: @entity3519 :: (MESH:D004421,Disease) :: ['dystonia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 ( @entity385 ) is a common disease, often resulting in @entity204 or disability. Previous studies on prognosis of @entity64 mainly focused on the baseline condition or modern expensive tests. However, the change of clinical symptoms during acute stage is considerably neglected. In our study, we aim to develop a new prognostic scale to predict the 90-day outcome of @entity385 @entity1 . METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a secondary data analysis was performed on 489 @entity1 extracted from 1046 @entity1 of 4 hospitals. A new prognostic scale was constructed to predict the recovery of @entity385 mainly based on the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) score, traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms _ signs and the changes during the first 3  days of @entity1 in the 3 TCM hospitals. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff point for prediction. In the end, the scale was used to test the outcome of @entity385 @entity1 in Xuanwu hospital. RESULTS: The new prognostic scale was composed of 8 items including age degree (OR   =   3.32; 95  % CI: 1.72-6.42), history of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (OR   =   2.20; 95  % CI: 1.19-4.08), NIHSS score (OR   =   3.08; 95  % CI: 2.16-4.40), @entity148 (OR   =   3.17; 95  % CI: 1.90-5.29) and @entity146 (OR   =   4.61; 95  % CI: 1.36-15.63) on the 1st day of illness onset, change in NIHSS score (OR   =   2.49; 95  % CI: 1.31-4.73), and circumrotating (OR   =   7.80; 95  % CI: 1.98-30.64) and @entity392 (OR   =   13.25; 95  % CI: 1.55-113.34) during the first 3  days of @entity64 onset. The total score of the scale was 16.5 and the cutoff point was 9.5, which means @entity1 would have poor outcome at 90  days of @entity64 onset if the score was higher than 9.5. The new scale was validated on the data of Xuanwu hospital, and the value of its sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 69.6 %, 83.3 % and 75.0  % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-item scale, mainly based on TCM symptoms, NIHSS score and their changes during the first 3  days, can predict the 90-day outcome for @entity385 @entity1 while it still needs to be further validated and optimized clinically.

title: A new prognostic scale for the early prediction of XXXX recovery mainly based on traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and NIHSS score: a retrospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritability']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['IS', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to study inactivation of different pathogenic bacteria on agar model surface using @entity3759 -UV photocatalysis (TUVP). METHODS AND RESULTS: A unified food surface model was simulated using Bacto(   ) agar, a routinely used microbial medium. The foodborne pathogenic bacteria @entity2624 (as a surrogate for @entity526 O157:H7), @entity2491 , @entity794 , and @entity5125 were inoculated onto the agar surface, followed by investigation of TUVP-assisted inactivation and morphological changes in bacterial cells. The TUVP process showed higher bacterial inactivation, particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, than UVC alone and a control (dark reaction). A TUVP treatment of 17.2 mW cm(-2) (30% lower than the UVC light intensity) reduced the microbial load on the agar surface by 4.5-6.0 log CFU cm(-2) . UVC treatment of 23.7 mW cm(-2) caused 3.0-5.3 log CFU cm(-2) reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The use of agar model surface is effective for investigation of bacterial disinfection and TUVP is a promising non-thermal technique. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results showing effects of photocatalysis and other treatments for inactivation of bacterial pathogens on model surface can be useful for applying such processes for disinfection of fruit, vegetables and other similar surfaces. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria inoculated onto a Bacto(   ) agar model surface using XXXX -UVC photocatalysis, UVC and chlorine treatments.

entities_list: @entity2491 :: ('90371', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella Typhimurium']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K12']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3759 :: (CHEBI:32234,Chemical) :: ['TiO2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present study assesses the effect of the stem cell antigen-1 positive ( @entity3513 (+) ) cell-based @entity1 @entity2124 (hGH) ex vivo gene transfer strategy on endosteal bone mass in the @entity19 . METHODS: Sublethally irradiated recipient @entity19 were transplanted with @entity3513 (+) cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing hGH or b-galactosidase control genes. Bone parameters were assessed by micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. RESULTS: This hGH strategy drastically increased hGH mRNA levels in bone marrow cells and serum @entity7424 ( @entity7424 ) (by nearly 50%, p < 0.002) in hGH recipient @entity19 . Femoral trabecular bone volume of the hGH @entity19 was significantly reduced by 35% (p < 0.002). The hGH @entity19 also had decreased trabecular number (by 26%; p < 0.0001), increased trabecular separation (by 38%; p < 0.0002) and reduced trabecular connectivity density (by 64%; p < 0.001), as well as significantly more osteoclasts (2.5-fold; p < 0.05) and greater osteoclastic surface per bone surface (2.6-fold; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted expression of hGH in cells of marrow cavity through the @entity3513 (+) cell-based gene transfer strategy increased circulating @entity7424 and decreased endosteal bone mass through an increase in resorption in recipient @entity19 . These results indicate that high local levels of hGH or @entity7424 in the bone marrow microenvironment enhanced resorption, which is consistent with previous findings in @entity19 with targeted bone @entity7424 expression showing that high local @entity7424 expression increased bone remodeling, favoring a net @entity604 . Thus, GH and/or @entity7424 would not be an appropriate transgene for use in this @entity3513 cell-based gene transfer strategy to promote endosteal bone formation. Published 2011 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Stem cell antigen-1 positive cell-based systemic @entity1 XXXX gene transfer strategy increases endosteal bone resorption and @entity604 in @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor-I']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity5 obtained from 15 @entity1 with @entity320 . In 18 of the 22 @entity5 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity5 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity137 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity5 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was @entity137 as judged by @entity3460 exclusion. The frequency of @entity5 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity5 developed @entity137 activity. When @entity1199 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity5 increased, and the frequency of @entity137 @entity5 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity1199 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity5 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity5 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity1199 and tested for @entity137 against @entity5 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity5041 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity1 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity5 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity320 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity320 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity1199 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity1 were assayed for @entity137 activity against @entity320 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity5 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity320 @entity1 were predominantly @entity137 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity5 cells after in vitro culture; @entity1199 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity137 activity such that they eliminated @entity5 cells.

title: @entity1199 activation of XXXX T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity1 metastatic @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'autologous tumor', 'autologous and allogenic tumor', 'tumor-binding cells', 'TBC', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'metastatic melanoma', 'autologous and allogenic melanomas']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxic']


abstract: Along with purge and moisture control, @entity26 scavenging is a prominent active packaging technology employed by many food processors. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an @entity26 scavenger system (OSS) on the shelf life of preservative-free tortillas stored at varying storage conditions. The shelf life of the tortillas was evaluated at @entity2315 ( @entity2315 ; 37   C, 75% relative humidity [rh]), @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ; 22   C, 57% rh), and refrigeration (R; 4   C, 42% rh) conditions. The OSS consisted of a multilayer, coextruded bag paired with an @entity26 scavenger sachet. A resealable bag made of low-density @entity691 /linear low-density @entity691 was used as a control. The diameter, thickness, CIELab color, water activity, pH, texture, and microbial growth within the sample tortillas were measured before and after exposure to the storage conditions. The results showed that the OSS had superiority when compared to the control. The weight and thickness under @entity1054 remained unchanged, while lightness was superior to the control under R conditions. Under @entity2315 , gradient remained constant, and force followed the same pattern under @entity1054 and R conditions. At the same time, microbial growth as measured by aerobic plate count and @entity375 and molds showed no changes under both @entity2315 and @entity1054 conditions. Future studies will investigate the effect of a faster acting @entity26 scavenger on shelf life of this type of tortillas. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results of this study show promise for the use of @entity26 scavenging technology in the packaging of natural and preservative-free tortillas.

title: Effect of an XXXX scavenger on the stability of preservative-free flour tortillas.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['accelerated storage', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'room temperature']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the need for palliative care in hospital @entity1 who have @entity5 . Palliative care is an @entity5 care and identification of palliative care needs (PCNs) of @entity1 with @entity5 is a topic that has not been thoroughly studied. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from inpatients of University Medical Center Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany, with 982 hospital beds included in the study. During the observation period of 17 months, each @entity1 discharged from a hospital ward was screened by surveying the treating physician who was responsible for dismissal about @entity1 ' PCNs based on the WHO 1990 definition of palliative care. To complete obligatory electronic discharge management, a modified dismissal form asking to classify the @entity1 as having @entity22097 "yes/no" had to be filled out for each @entity1 discharged. RESULTS: The response rate was 96% with data for 39,849 @entity1 that could be analyzed. A total of 6.9% of all hospital @entity1 and 9.1% of @entity1 older than age 65 years were considered to have PCNs. Of the 2,757 @entity1 with PCNs, 67% (n = 1,836) had @entity5 . Among the 11,584 @entity1 with @entity5 , 15.8% were classified as having PCNs. PCNs were particularly high in @entity1 with @entity135 (28.3%), @entity320 (26.0%), and @entity1313 (18.2%). Suffering from @entity5 increases the probability of developing PCNs by a factor of 3.63 (95% CI, 3.27 to 4.04). For @entity1 with @entity5 , the risk of developing PCNs is increased 12-fold (odds ratio, 12.27; 95% CI, 11.07 to 13.60). CONCLUSION: Structures to provide palliative care for @entity1 with @entity5 are needed.

title: XXXX care: an epidemiologic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['essential component of comprehensive cancer', 'cancer', 'metastatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Palliative cancer']


abstract: To explore the pathophysiology of the @entity3166 caused by @entity6582 in the newborn @entity235 , the effect of acute @entity6582 on fibrinogen disappearance rate was studied in 38 puppies (3-14 days). All pups received an exchange transfusion removing 65 ml/kg of blood and transfusing 85 ml/kg of either whole blood (control, resulting hematocrit = 37), or packed red blood cells ( @entity6582 , resulting hematocrit = 68). @entity3166 was found in 15 of 19 polycythemic and four of 19 control pups (p less than 0.01). 125I fibrinogen and Evan's blue (an albumin marker) were injected 2 h after transfusion and the concentration of clottable labeled fibrinogen and albumin tracer were measured at 1/2 and 2 h after injection. The fraction of the tracer that disappeared over the 1 1/2-h period was calculated. In the polycythemic group 45 +/- 18 SD% of the clottable fibrinogen disappeared versus only 28 +/- 15% in the control group (p less than 0.01). In the polycythemic group 36 +/- 21% of the albumin tracer disappeared versus 31 +/- 12% in the control group (NS). Thus @entity6582 in the newborn @entity235 is associated with an @entity101 of clottable fibrinogen not associated with a general increase in protein disappearance rate. Thus an @entity1003 is evident in the polycythemic animals. Whether this @entity1003 is the cause of the @entity3166 or is secondary to the @entity3166 seen in this animal model cannot be determined from this experiment.

title: Acute XXXX increases the disappearance rate of clottable fibrinogen in the newborn @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity6582 :: ('MESH:D011086', 'Disease') :: ['polycythemia']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['Necrotizing enterocolitis', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased disappearance rate']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulopathy', 'coagulopathy']

answer: @entity6582 :: (MESH:D011086,Disease) :: ['polycythemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although of interest, few data exist on the clinical characteristics of Japanese @entity1 with an extremely high @entity412 level (>= 1000  mg/dL). OBJECTIVE: We assessed the clinical characteristics of Japanese @entity1 with an extremely high @entity412 level. METHODS: We investigated the presence of @entity453 , history of @entity788 , the presence of @entity1560 , and the potential causes of elevated @entity412 in Japanese subjects with an extremely high level of fasting @entity412 (>= 1000  mg/dL) among 70,368 subjects whose serum @entity412 was measured for any reason at Kanazawa University Hospital from April 2004 to March  2014. RESULTS: We identified 215 (0.31%) subjects (mean age, 46  years; male, 170, mean body mass index, 25  kg/m(2)) with severe @entity2298 . Among them, 4 (1.9%) subjects were classified as type I, 97 (45.1%) subjects were type IV, and 114 (53.0%) subjects were @entity30176 , according to Fredrickson's classification. Among 215 subjects, 116 subjects (54.0%) drank @entity285 , 58 (27.0%) showed heavy intake (>= 60  g/d), and 64 (29.8%) subjects had @entity6 . In total, 59 (27.4%) subjects had transient severe @entity2298 caused by @entity288 (N  =  19), antidepressant (N  =  18), @entity4445 and @entity230 for @entity981 (N  =  15), hormone replacement therapy for @entity0 (N  =  9), b-blocker (N  =  5), @entity1375 (N  =  4), pregnancy (N  =  4), and @entity7961 (N  =  2). As many as 119 (55.3%) subjects exhibited @entity1560 . Moreover, 12 (5.6%) and 17 (7.9%) subjects had a history of @entity788 and @entity453 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A variety of situations can cause severe @entity2298 . We suggest that potential secondary causes should be carefully assessed for such @entity1 .

title: Clinical characteristics of Japanese @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity30176 :: ('MESH:D006954', 'Disease') :: ['type V hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity2298 :: (MESH:D015228,Disease) :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']


abstract: Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with a large number and variety of risk conditions during pregnancy. The number and types of risk conditions per pregnancy were determined in 1,864 white and 872 black mothers delivered at the University of Kansas Medical Center between 1975 and 1978. The incidence of LBW @entity1 increased steadily among white and black mothers as the number of risk factors increased from none to three or four per pregnancy. Among pregnancies without spontaneous @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ), 51 percent of the LBW @entity1 were born to mothers who had multiple risk factors associated with their pregnancies, even though only 18 percent of these pregnancies were associated with multiple risk factors. Among pregnancies with @entity4942 , 72 percent were associated with multiple risk conditions, and 31 percent resulted in LBW @entity1 . About 90 percent of LBW @entity1 from @entity4942 pregnancies had mothers with multiple risk factors. For all numbers of risk conditions, black mothers had a higher incidence of LBW @entity1 than white mothers. Among black mothers without spontaneous @entity4942 ( @entity4942 ), the incidence of LBW @entity1 increased from 3.2 percent (10/308) in low (zero)-risk condition pregnancies to 33 percent (16/49) among mothers with three or four risk conditions during the pregnancy. Among white mothers without @entity4942 , the incidence of LBW @entity1 increased from 1.7 percent (12/708) in low (zero)-risk condition pregnancies to 30 percent (19/64) in pregnancies with three or four risk conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incidence of low birth weight XXXX born to mothers with multiple risk factors.

entities_list: @entity4942 :: ('MESH:D005322', 'Disease') :: ['premature rupture of membranes', 'PROM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: @entity8778 has single-drug activity in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ), and may enhance the formation of the active metabolite ( @entity11402 ) of @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ). To evaluate the feasibility of adding intermittent @entity8778 to intermediate-dose ara-C (1 g/m2/2 h) b.i.d. for 4 d with @entity8779 (CCI), we performed a 2:1 randomized phase II trial in @entity3052 @entity1 aged over 60 years. Primary endpoints were time to recovery from cytopenia and need for supportive care following the first course. Sixty-three @entity1 (median 71 years, range 60-84 years) were included, constituting 72% of all eligible @entity1 . @entity137 was limited, with no differences between the treatment arms. The early toxic death rate was 11%. The median time to recovery from neutropenia and @entity882 was 22 and 17 d from the start of course no. 1, respectively, and the requirement for platelet and red cell transfusions was four and eight units respectively. @entity1 had a median of 8 d with fever over 38 degrees C, and 17 d with intravenous antibiotic treatment. The overall complete remission (CR) rate was 62%, with 51% CR from one course of CCI in comparison with 35% for the two-drug therapy (P = 0.014). The median survival with a 2-year follow-up was 14 months, and the 2-year survival was over 30%, with no differences between the treatment arms. Considering the median age and our population-based approach, the overall results are encouraging.

title: Increased remissions from one course for intermediate-dose @entity2592 and @entity8779 in elderly @entity3052 when combined with XXXX . A randomized population-based phase II study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8778 :: ('MESH:D017338', 'Chemical') :: ['Cladribine', 'cladribine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity8779 :: ('MESH:D015255', 'Chemical') :: ['idarubicin']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'ara-C']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia', 'AML']

answer: @entity8778 :: (MESH:D017338,Chemical) :: ['cladribine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : To perform a large registry-based study to determine the relative prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) problems in @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) from families with multiple affected members compared with their unaffected sibling(s). METHODS: : In-home structured retrospective medical history interviews by parent recall were conducted by a pediatric neurologist. Our analysis sample included information about GI health of 589 subjects with idiopathic, familial @entity72 and 163 of their unaffected sibling controls registered with @entity2438 Genetic Resource Exchange. Individuals with @entity72 were subgrouped into 3 @entity2438 severity groups (Full @entity2438 , Almost @entity2438 , and Spectrum) based on their @entity2438 Diagnostic Interview-Revised and @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Scale scores. RESULTS: : Parents reported significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity72 (249/589; 42%) compared with their unaffected siblings (20/163; 12%) (p < .001). The 2 most common Gl problems in @entity1 with @entity72 were @entity1142 (116/589; 20%) and chronic @entity294 (111/589; 19%). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that having Full @entity2438 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.22-32.77) or Almost @entity2438 (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.02-13.21) was most highly associated with experiencing @entity344 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity was associated with higher odds of @entity344 (AOR for trend = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56-4.45). CONCLUSIONS: : Parents report significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with familial @entity72 , especially those with Full @entity2438 , than in their unaffected @entity1 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity is associated with increased odds of having @entity344 .

title: The prevalence of @entity344 in XXXX across the United States with @entity72 from families with multiple affected members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI problems']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Most eye problems referred to vascular surgeons for workup of @entity66 are either transient ( @entity1939 fugax) or partial (retinal branch @entity432 ) @entity227 . @entity1 with more severe total infarcts of the retina (central retinal @entity432 ) or of the head of the optic nerve (" @entity1781 ") are seldom suspected of @entity66 and, in the latter case, are generally labeled idiopathic. An explanation for the difference in attitude towards these conditions is suggested. A prescribed carotid etiology for these various @entity6810 was explored in a study of 20 consecutive @entity1 who had @entity6810 . Special visualization of the neck, orbital, and retinal vasculature was obtained. Sixty percent had ipsilateral and 50% had contralateral @entity2998 . The ophthalmic artery and the posterior ciliary arteries showed intrinsic lesions each in 25% of cases. Our pilot study concludes that there is strong evidence that most of these @entity63 are related to @entity2998 , which is found in the majority of @entity1 . In a minority of them ischemic problems may be due to @entity3468 or to intrinsic disease of the ophthalmic artery. A more cohesive approach to the study and treatment of these different entities is supported by the suggestion of a common etiology for most of them. Close collaboration with ophthalmologists will be needed to improve the present management of these eye conditions.

title: XXXX and their carotid origin.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['carotid disease']

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic syndromes of the eye and optic nerve', 'acute ischemic eye/optic nerve problems']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic eye syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery disease']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['arteritis']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['amaurosis']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

answer: @entity6810 :: (MESH:D018917,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic ischemic syndromes of the retina and optic nerve']


abstract: Prenatal exposure to @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) has been associated with the subsequent development of reproductive tract abnormalities, including poor reproductive outcome and @entity5 , in experimental animals and @entity1 . Experimental animal studies with chemical carcinogens have raised the possibility that adverse effects of @entity4743 may be transmitted to succeeding generations. To evaluate this possibility and to determine if there is a sensitive window of developmental exposure, outbred @entity2659 @entity19 were treated with @entity4743 during three stages of development: group 1 was treated on days 9-16 of gestation (2.5, 5 or 10 microg/kg maternal body wt), the time of major organogenesis; group II was treated once on day 18 of gestation (1000 microg/kg maternal body wt) just prior to birth; group III was treated on days 1-5 of neonatal life (0.002 microg/pup/day). Female @entity19 (F1) in each group were raised to sexual @entity2175 and bred to control males. As previously reported, fertility of the F1 @entity4743 -exposed females was decreased in all groups. Female offspring ( @entity4743 lineage or F2) from these matings were raised to @entity2175 and housed with control males for 20 weeks. The fertility of these @entity4743 lineage female @entity19 was not affected by @entity4743 exposure of their 'grandmothers'. @entity4743 lineage @entity19 were killed at 17-19 and 22-24 months of age. An increased incidence of @entity5 , including uterine @entity420 , was seen in @entity4743 lineage @entity19 but not in corresponding controls; the range and prevalence of @entity5 increased with age. Because uterine @entity420 were seen in all three @entity4743 groups, all developmental exposure periods were considered susceptible to the adverse effects of @entity4743 . These data suggest that the reduced fertility observed in the @entity4743 F1 female @entity19 was not transmitted to their descendants; however, increased susceptibility to @entity5 formation is apparently transmitted to subsequent generations.

title: Increased XXXX but uncompromised fertility in the female descendants of @entity19 exposed developmentally to @entity4742 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant reproductive tract tumors', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the feasibility and reliability of insertion of internal fiducial markers into various organs for precise setup and real-time @entity5 tracking in radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Equipment and techniques for the insertion of 2.0-mm-diameter gold markers into or near the @entity5 were developed for @entity66 , @entity263 , and @entity96 . Three markers were used to adjust the center of the mass of the target volume to the planned position in @entity263 (the three-marker method). The feasibility of the marker insertion and the stability of the position of markers were tested using stopping rules in the clinical protocol (i.e., the procedure was abandoned if 2 of 3 or 3 of 6 @entity1 experienced marker dropping or migration). After the evaluation of the feasibility, the stability of the marker positions was monitored in those @entity1 who entered the dose-escalation study. RESULTS: Each of the following was shown to be feasible: bronchoscopic insertion for the peripheral lung; image-guided transcutaneous insertion for the liver; cystoscopic and image-guided percutaneous insertion for the prostate; and surgical implantation for @entity66 . Transcutaneous insertion of markers for @entity66 and bronchoscopic insertion for central lung lesions were abandoned. Overall, marker implantation was successful and was used for real-time @entity5 tracking in RT in 90 (90%) of 100 lesions. No serious complications related to the marker insertion were noted for any of the 100 lesions. Using three markers surgically implanted into the vertebral bone, the mean +/- standard deviation in distance among the three markers was within 0.2 +/- 0.6 mm (range -1.4 to 0.8) through the treatment period of 30 days. The distance between the three markers gradually decreased during RT in five of six @entity263 , consistent with a mean rate of volume regression of 9.3% (range 0.015-13%) in 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: Internal 2.0-mm-diameter gold markers can be safely inserted into various organs for real-time @entity5 tracking in RT using the prescribed equipment and techniques. The three-marker method has been shown to be a useful technique for precise setup for @entity263 .

title: Feasibility of insertion/implantation of 2.0-mm-diameter gold internal fiducial markers for precise setup and real-time XXXX tracking in radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['spinal/paraspinal lesions and prostate tumors', 'prostate cancers', 'prostate tumors']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal/paraspinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver and lung tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We reviewed 212 consecutive @entity1 who underwent stage I palliative surgery for @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) at our institution between January 1983 and June 1993. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six surgeons participated in the care of these @entity1 . Follow-up is 97% complete. Preoperative anatomic and physiological factors and procedural features of the stage I operation were analyzed for impact on stage I mortality, survival to stage II palliation, and actuarial survival. Hospital mortality was not significantly lower during the second half of the study period (P = .242). Operative mortality was 46.2%. Multivariate analysis revealed improved stage I operative survival in @entity1 with @entity4794 ( @entity4794 ) and @entity472 ( @entity472 ; P = .006). Additional risk factors for stage I mortality were a lower immediately pre-stage I pH (P = .034) and weight < 3 kg (P = .015). Overall first-year actuarial survival for @entity4794 / @entity472 was 59%, and it was 33% for all others (P = .001). Among stage I survivors, @entity1 with @entity4794 / @entity472 were more likely to survive to stage II palliation (P = .031). Analysis of actuarial survival of stage I survivors showed that a smaller ascending aorta (P < .001), aortic @entity1146 (P < .001), and mitral @entity1146 (P = .002) were all risk factors for intermediate @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative anatomic and physiological state are predictors of stage I mortality. @entity1699 anatomic subtype also influences intermediate outcome, most notably pre-stage II attrition. These data may be useful in choosing initial management for @entity1 with @entity1699 .

title: Ten-year institutional experience with palliative surgery for XXXX . Risk factors related to stage I mortality.

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mitral stenosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic left heart syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The mainstay treatment for @entity18871 ( @entity18871 ) is complete excision. Surgical approach should allow maximal exposure of the @entity5 with minimum morbidity. One such possible approach is Lefort I maxillary osteotomy. OBJECTIVE: To review our experience on feasibility of @entity196 to achieve the best result and to look at the outcome in our series of @entity1 at a tertiary centre in India. METHOD: This prospective study involves 22 @entity1 with @entity18871 who have been treated by Lefort I approach between August 2006 and December 2007 at the Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health And Neurosciences, Bangalore, India. RESULTS: All @entity1 underwent primary surgical resection through Lefort I approach. No major intra-operative and post-operative complications were noted except in one @entity1 where @entity1018 in one eye due to prior pre-operative orbital involvement. The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. To date, there has been no cases of @entity5 or recurrence that can be attributed to the procedure except in one case. CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that the @entity196 is a useful technique for the removal of extensive @entity18871 which has distinct advantages over traditional approaches, providing a more direct vision, improved exposure, and cosmesis.

title: Le Fort I access for juvenile @entity18871 ( XXXX ): a prospective series of 22 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['loss of vision']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma', 'JNA']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Lefort I osteotomy approach']

answer: @entity18871 :: (MESH:D018322,Disease) :: ['JNA']


abstract: The purpose of this literature review is to determine whether and to what extent current post-fracture @entity170 interventions utilize theories of health behaviour change and whether those that are theory-based are more successful in producing desired behaviour changes. Studies were identified by applying additional criteria to the final selection stage of a systematic review of non-surgical @entity170 interventions in the orthopaedic environment. We identified 42 primary studies targeted at @entity1 and improving post-fracture @entity170 care. As well as describing the studies (in terms of design, population, interventions, outcomes), we focused on theoretical framework and elements of behaviour change models. The 42 studies included in this review utilized a variety of post-fracture interventions; however, none of them reported using an underlying theoretical base. Only three studies drew on what we felt to be elements of a theoretical framework. The lack of theoretically based studies points to a currently under-utilized area of behaviour change research that could be applied to post-fracture interventions in order to make them more effective. Despite an abundance of literature supporting theories of behaviour change, post-fracture @entity170 interventions do not report utilizing these theories. Theories of behaviour change could be applied to post-fracture @entity170 interventions to explain why @entity1 initiate @entity170 management. Future research should explore the application of theories of health behaviour change to post-fracture interventions.

title: A review of XXXX -centred post-fracture interventions in the context of theories of health behaviour change.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of @entity9940 and @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 112 @entity1 with ureteric stones of    10  mm, located along the ureter, were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, 32 @entity1 received no a-blockers (controls), in group II 40 @entity1 received @entity9940 0.4  mg daily, and in group III 40 @entity1 received @entity31503 10  mg daily. All @entity1 were given analgesia and antibiotics when indicated. The follow-up was weekly for 4  weeks. RESULTS: The mean stone size and age were comparable in the three groups. The stone expulsion rate was 44%, 85% and 75% in groups I, II and III, respectively. Half of the stones in group II passed within 2  weeks, half in group III passed within 3  weeks, while more than half of the stones in group I did not pass even after 4  weeks. The mean number of @entity158 episodes was 2.45, 1.38 and 1.64 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The drug-related side-effects reported by @entity1 were mild and transient. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity9940 or @entity31503 as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones in the three sections of the ureter (upper, middle and lower) was safe and effective, as shown by the increased overall stone expulsion rate, reduced stone expulsion time and fewer @entity158 episodes. @entity9940 was associated with a greater rate of stone expulsion than was @entity31503 .

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity9940 vs. XXXX as medical expulsive therapy for ureteric stones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity31503 :: ('MESH:C047638', 'Chemical') :: ['alfuzosin']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['Tamsulosin', 'tamsulosin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

answer: @entity31503 :: (MESH:C047638,Chemical) :: ['alfuzosin']


abstract: Objectives. The Chinese herbal medicine Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction (DCQD) can ameliorate the severity of @entity656 ( @entity656 ). However, the potential pharmacological mechanism remains unclear. This study explored the potential effective components and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of DCQD in target tissue in experimental @entity656 in @entity35 . Methods. Acute @entity788 -like symptoms were first induced in @entity35 and then they were given different doses of DCQD (6   g/kg, 12   g/kg, and 24   g/kg body weight) orally. Tissue drug concentration, tissue pathological score, and inflammatory mediators in pancreas, intestine, and lung tissues of @entity35 were examined after 24 hours, respectively. Results. Major components of DCQD could be found in target tissues and their concentrations increased in conjunction with the intake dose of DCQD. The high-dose compounds showed maximal effect on altering levels of anti-inflammatory ( @entity12718 and @entity13358 ) and proinflammatory markers ( @entity5 @entity39 factor a and @entity568 ) and ameliorating the pathological damage in target tissues (P < 0.05). Conclusions. DCQD could alleviate pancreatic, intestinal, and @entity651 by altering levels of inflammatory cytokines in @entity656 @entity35 with tissue distribution of its components.

title: Tissue Pharmacology of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction in Experimental Acute XXXX in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['AP', 'acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormalities in GABAergic interneurons, particularly fast-spiking interneurons (FSINs) that generate gamma (y;    30-120  Hz) oscillations, are hypothesized to disrupt prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent cognition in @entity161 . Although y rhythms are abnormal in @entity161 , it remains unclear whether they directly influence cognition. Mechanisms underlying @entity161 's typical post-adolescent onset  also remain elusive. We addressed these issues using @entity19 heterozygous for @entity69963 , which regulate GABAergic interneuron development. In @entity69963 (+/-) @entity19 , FSINs become abnormal following adolescence, coinciding with the onset of @entity73 and @entity14978 . Inhibiting PFC interneurons in control @entity19 reproduced these deficits, whereas stimulating them at y-frequencies restored @entity73 in adult @entity26308 /6(+/-) @entity19 . These pro-cognitive effects were frequency specific and persistent. These findings elucidate a mechanism whereby abnormal FSIN development may contribute to the post-adolescent onset of @entity161 endophenotypes. Furthermore, they demonstrate a causal, potentially therapeutic, role for PFC interneuron-driven y oscillations in cognitive domains at the core of @entity161 . VIDEO ABSTRACT.

title: Gamma Rhythms Link Prefrontal Interneuron Dysfunction with Cognitive Inflexibility in @entity26308 /6(+/-) XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive flexibility', 'cognitive inflexibility']

entities_list: @entity14978 :: ('MESH:C566973', 'Disease') :: ['deficient task-evoked y oscillations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The current study is essentially carried out to reveal the histological and ultra-structural details of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptors cell layers of a @entity34369 ( @entity34369 ). The recorded results revealed that the neural retina of @entity34369 consisted of seven distinct cell layers. The inner nuclear layer was markedly revealed as the thickest one among these layers. A highly melanized RPE was recorded in between the @entity2788 . Histologically, the RPE was represented by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells with centrally located nucleus. Ultrastructurally, the RPE cells showed numerous melanosomes, mitochondria, phagosomes, myeloid bodies, smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), but very rare @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). The photoreceptor cell layer was represented by three categories of photoreceptor cells: few single rods, numerous single and double cones. Each double cone consisted of a short accessory cone and a long principle cone. The photoreceptor outer segment consisted of bi-membranous discs that are enclosed by outer membrane. Moreover, the inner segment of rods consisted of an ellipsoid and an inner hyperboloid. The hyperboloid was rich with @entity1893 , polysomes, Golgi apparatus and autophagic vacuoles. Furthermore, the inner segment of single cone and accessory cone consisted of an ellipsoid, paraboloid and myoid regions, while, the inner segment of principle cone lacked the paraboloid regions. At the proximal end of each inner segment for all types of cones, there was a large heterogeneous oil droplet. The paraboloid region was markedly rich with glycogen granules. The myoid region exhibited the same organelles but with little glycogen granules when compared with hyperboloid.

title: Light and electron microscopic studies on the pigmented epithelium and photoreceptors of the retina of @entity34369 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['rough endoplasmic reticulum', 'RER']

entities_list: @entity34369 :: ('30397', 'Species') :: ['Buteo buteo', 'common buzzard']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['choroid and neural retina']

answer: @entity34369 :: (30397,Species) :: ['Buteo buteo']


abstract: @entity8162 was added to cardioplegia and studied for its efficacy in stabilizing the postischemic rhythm after aortic declamping in cardiac surgery. Fifty-six @entity1 scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were included in a randomized, double-blind study. The @entity1 were anesthetized with @entity5161 , low-dose @entity3575 , @entity3175 , and @entity6305 . In the study group (28 @entity1 ), St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution II (Plegisol) was prepared with 1 mM @entity8162 . The control group (28 @entity1 ) was given the same cardioplegia with saline. @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) occurring after declamping was treated with direct current (DC) shock (8-12-12-20 J). There were no significant differences with regard to demographic properties or anesthesiologic and surgical treatment. Two @entity1 (7%) in the @entity8162 group required DC shock for @entity2224 , compared to 28 (100%) in the control group (P < 0.001). The amount of @entity3303 (mean +/- SEM) given for resistant @entity943 was 3.6 mg +/- 3.6 in the @entity8162 group compared to 35.7 mg +/- 9.2 in the control group (P < 0.002). One @entity1 in each group required temporary pacing. The number of synchronized DC shocks for conversion of @entity955 was lower in the @entity8162 group (P < 0.05). The enzyme release the first day after surgery was lower in the @entity8162 group (P < 0.05). @entity8162 (1 mM) in cardioplegia stabilizes the postischemic rhythm in CABG surgery in @entity1 without any observed adverse effects.

title: @entity8162 is effective for minimizing XXXX in cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity8162 :: ('MESH:D011343', 'Chemical') :: ['procaine', 'Procaine', 'Procaine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['postischemic ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anomaly of intrathoracic large vessels might not only compress the esophagus resulting in @entity1282 , but also hinder esophagectomy, even leading to uncontrolled massive @entity548 . This paper reviews our experience of seven @entity1 with this diagnosis and their treatment. METHODS: From January 2007 through January 2012, among @entity1 admitted with @entity418 , there were seven @entity1 confirmed to have coexisted @entity455 . They were six @entity1 and one @entity1 , aged 52 to 63 (mean 58.42). The @entity455 included @entity5216 ( @entity5216 ) in three cases, post-aortic left innominate vein (PALIV) in two cases, and one case each of right aortic arch (RAA) and @entity2849 of aortic isthmus (PAAI). Their diagnosis, surgical strategy, and outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity455 were missed by esophagography and endoscopy, but all identified by enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). Surgery was planned according to the anatomic features of the anomalies. @entity5216 did not need special management. RAA underwent left thoracotomy in order to dissect the aortopulmonary arterial ligament and to facilitate the mobilization of the esophagus. PAAI had preoperative aortic stenting to prevent unexpected @entity1755 . Prophylactic ligation of thoracic duct was performed on all @entity1 and no postoperative chylothorax was documented. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of @entity1462 with @entity418 is rare, but easily missed in routine X-ray and endoscopy. Enhanced chest CT must be performed to confirm. Surgery should be designed individually in consideration of the anatomic features of the @entity455 . A routine prophylactic ligation of the thoracic duct is recommended.

title: Diagnosis and surgical treatment of @entity418 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomalies', 'intrathoracic vascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhaging']

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['intrathoracic vascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

entities_list: @entity5216 :: ('MESH:C535555', 'Disease') :: ['ARSA', 'aberrant right subclavian artery']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['coexistent intrathoracic vascular malformations']


abstract: Over the last 30 years the process of @entity52 ( @entity52 ) has evolved considerably, yet the efficiency of this treatment remains relatively poor. The principal challenge faced by doctors and embryologists is the identification of the embryo with the greatest potential for producing a @entity1 . Current methods of embryo viability assessment provide only a rough guide to potential. In order to improve the odds of a successful pregnancy it is typical to transfer more than one embryo to the uterus. However, this often results in @entity2099 (twins, triplets, etc), which are associated with significantly elevated risks of serious complications. If embryo viability could be assessed more accurately, it would be possible to transfer fewer embryos without negatively impacting @entity52 pregnancy rates. In order to assist with the identification of viable embryos, several scoring systems based on morphological criteria have been developed. However, these mostly rely on a subjective visual analysis. Automated assessment of morphological features offers the possibility of more accurate quantification of key embryo characteristics and elimination of inter- and intra-observer variation. In this paper, we describe the main embryo scoring systems currently in use and review related works on embryo image analysis that could lead to an automatic and precise grading of embryo quality. We summarise achievements, discuss challenges ahead, and point to some possible future directions in this research field.

title: A review on automatic analysis of XXXX embryo microscope images.

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilisation']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, but its role in regulating platelet reactivity in vivo and in @entity1 in particular is undefined. Our primary objective was to determine whether the in vivo inhibition of NO production shortens template bleeding time (BT). The hemodynamic and platelet effects of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), an NO synthase inhibitor, were studied in 12 normal volunteers. Forearm template BT was determined before and 15 min after the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4.3 mg/kg @entity7293 . @entity7293 infusion increased mean arterial pressure from 88 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0001). Plasma NO levels, determined by chemiluminescence, decreased 65 +/- 10% from basal values (p < 0.05), confirming inhibition of endogenous NO production. Intravenous @entity7293 shortened BT from 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 min (p = 0.026), or by 24 +/- 8% (p = 0.008). @entity7293 infusion did not significantly change ex vivo @entity1423 . To determine whether vasoconstriction affected BT, we investigated forearm blood flow (FBF; determined by venous occlusion plethymography), and template BT in 3 subjects after the local infusion of @entity7293 (2-4 mg/min intraarterially, i.a.). Intraarterial administration of @entity7293 caused a 39 +/- 3% (p = 0.006) reduction in FBF in the infused arm but did not change BT. These data show that systemic inhibition of NO production shortens BT in @entity1 . However, the precise mechanism by which @entity7293 shortens BT is not completely defined.

title: Effect of @entity842 synthase inhibition on bleeding time in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: A 54-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital for vertigo, @entity10 and @entity391 at the end of July, 2001. Under a diagnosis of @entity17692 and right @entity2 , she underwent a resection of @entity17692 on August 7, 2001. The histopathological diagnosis was " @entity420 ". @entity2 was doubted as for the origin, however, she did not want further examination. The @entity1 was given 2 courses of postoperative chemotherapy ( @entity3003 +VNR) and radiotherapy (50 Gy), and discharged. @entity4562 treatment was begun in September, 2002 at her request. The @entity5 marker was not elevated, and the @entity5 size on CT showed the tendency toward some reduction. Close examination including PET revealed no @entity3 . The @entity1 then underwent right upper lobectomy ( @entity11702 2 a) on October 8, 2004 at her request. Histopathologically, psammoma body existed but no @entity5 cells nor lymph node @entity3 . It seemed that there was a complete response by @entity4562 after 3 years.

title: [A case of complete response in a primary lesion treated by XXXX for two years after surgery of brain @entity3 from @entity2 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib', 'Gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar tumor']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4562 :: (MESH:C419708,Chemical) :: ['gefitinib']


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ), @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) and @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity1 @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity19 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity11747 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity2665 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity5 weighed about 100 mg. @entity1139 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone displayed @entity5 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity19 treated with @entity11747 plus @entity2665 with or without @entity1139 , or in @entity19 treated only with @entity1139 , @entity5 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity19 . In the group which received only combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity5 after termination of therapy. @entity5 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity11747 ; however, @entity11667 levels did not decline with either @entity11747 or @entity2665 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity11667 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity1139 alone was administered, @entity7224 and @entity11667 levels in the @entity5 did not differ from those in control @entity19 . @entity8037 decreased markedly in @entity5 with the combined administration of @entity11747 / @entity2665 as well as with combined @entity11747 / @entity2665 / @entity1139 , but decreased only slightly when @entity1139 alone or @entity1139 plus either @entity11747 or @entity2665 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity5 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity11747 or @entity2665 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with @entity1138 on XXXX @entity5 cells xenotransplanted into @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity2665 :: ('MESH:D008935', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal-bis-guanylhydrazone', 'MGBG']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The clinical features of eight @entity1 and three @entity1 with nonfunctioning islet cell @entity788 were reviewed. The mean @entity1 age was 58 years (range 44 to 75 years). Weight loss and @entity490 were the most frequent presenting symptoms. An abdominal mass was palpable in five @entity1 . At operation regional or distant metastases were present in 82% of @entity1 . Only 18% of @entity1 underwent resection for potential cure. All @entity5 proved histologically to be neuroendocrine in origin. Immunohistochemical staining showed positive reactivity for @entity3508 and chromogranin in all @entity5 studied but was negative for insulin, glucagon, and @entity1943 . Focal positivity for pancreatic polypeptide was seen in one @entity5 . Nine @entity1 with unresectable disease at operation were available for follow-up. Mean survival for the entire group was 23 +/- 7.2 months (range 4 to 72 months). Survival differences between @entity1 and @entity1 appeared to favor @entity1 but were not statistically significant. Postoperative regional or systemic chemotherapy also had no significant effect on @entity1 survival although two of the longest survivors (36 and 72 months) had received adjunctive chemotherapy. Nonfunctioning islet cell @entity5 are locally aggressive, have a propensity for early metastases, and are rarely resectable for cure. Unlike pancreatic exocrine @entity189 , endocrine @entity5 may respond favorably to adjunctive chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3508 :: ('2026', 'Gene') :: ['neuron-specific enolase']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant neuroendocrine tumors']


abstract: A rapid light-induced decrease in @entity6708 is thought to play a role in regulating the permeability or light sensitivity of photoreceptor membranes. Photo-excited @entity8695 activates a @entity6370 -binding protein (G-protein) by catalyzing the exchange of bound @entity3006 for @entity3007 . This G-protein X @entity3007 complex activates the phosphodiesterase resulting in a decrease in @entity6708 concentration. We have observed two processes in vitro which may be relevant for the regulation of G-protein activation. First, we have found that free @entity3006 binds to G-protein with an affinity similar to that of @entity3007 . These two nucleotides appear to compete for a common site. Since G-protein X @entity3006 does not activate phosphodiesterase, light-induced changes in the @entity3007 / @entity3006 ratio known to occur on illumination may serve to reduce G-protein activation and hence reduce phosphodiesterase activation. Second, addition of @entity6708 in the presence of equimolar @entity3007 and @entity3006 causes @entity3007 binding to G-protein to be enhanced compared to @entity3006 binding. This effect increases as the @entity6708 concentration is increased from 0.05 to 2 mM. Thus, light-induced decreases in @entity6708 concentration may also act as a feedback control in reducing G-protein activation. One or both of these processes may be involved in the desensitization (light adaptation) of rod photoreceptors.

title: XXXX influences @entity6370 binding to frog photoreceptor G-protein.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

answer: @entity6708 :: (CHEBI:16356,Chemical) :: ['cGMP']


abstract: During @entity4710 , @entity1 frequently experience @entity662 and marked @entity308 suggesting @entity741 . The purpose of this study was to assess whether ST @entity308 during @entity4710 is caused by @entity741 as reflected by net myocardial @entity880 production. Twenty-five @entity1 (14 @entity1 , 11 @entity1 ) who had a history of @entity4710 and a mean age (+/- SD) of 38 +/- 14 years underwent electrophysiologic testing. Twenty-four of these @entity1 had no evidence of @entity301 , whereas one @entity1 had undergone previous coronary bypass surgery. Nineteen @entity1 had orthodromic and six @entity1 had @entity2917 . A 12 lead electrocardiogram and simultaneous femoral artery and coronary sinus blood samples for @entity880 determinations were obtained at baseline and at 5 and 10 min of @entity4710 . Mean baseline heart rate of 83 +/- 12 beats/min increased to 180 +/- 25 beats/min during @entity4710 . All @entity1 had 1 to 8 mm of @entity308 in 1 to 9 of the 12 leads. @entity662 occurred in 64% of @entity1 during @entity4710 . Baseline myocardial @entity880 extraction was 28 +/- 13% with no significant change at 5 or 10 min of @entity591 . In contrast, in a comparison group of seven @entity1 with known @entity453 , atrial pacing at 168 +/- 26 beats/min in five @entity1 resulted in greater than or equal to 1 mm ST @entity308 in 2 to 7 of the 12 leads and a change in @entity880 extraction from a baseline of 29 +/- 13% to -27 +/- 20% (p less than 0.05) indicating net myocardial @entity880 production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of @entity308 during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['Chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2917 :: ('MESH:D013611', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular node reentrant tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia', 'acute myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia', 'supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity4710 :: (MESH:D013617,Disease) :: ['paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many surgeons are reluctant to use esophageal stents during neoadjuvant therapy for @entity418 because of concerns about nutritional status, stent-related complications, or added difficulties during esophagogastrectomy. We hypothesized that esophageal stenting during neoadjuvant therapy allows for optimal nutritional intake without adversely affecting perioperative outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a prospective, dual-institution, single-arm, phase II evaluation of @entity418 @entity1 undergoing neoadjuvant therapy before resection. All @entity1 had a self-expanding polymer stent placed before neoadjuvant therapy. We monitored @entity1282 symptoms, nutritional status, stent-related complications, and perioperative complications during the course of therapy and 90 days postoperatively. RESULTS: We enrolled 32 @entity1 with @entity1282 and @entity353 who were eligible for neoadjuvant therapy. After stent placement, 2 @entity1 had stent migrations requiring replacement. No erosive complications were observed. During the course of neoadjuvant therapy, we noted improvement in @entity1282 , mild @entity353 , and maintenance of performance status. At a median of 50 days (range 18 to 92 days) after completion of neoadjuvant therapy, 20 @entity1 underwent margin-negative esophagogastrectomy (16 Ivor Lewis, 4 minimally invasive) without problems with stent removal or difficulty in surgical dissection. Twelve @entity1 did not undergo resection due to development of @entity3 (n = 8) or rapid decline in functional status (n = 4). Major perioperative complications included @entity1151 (n = 2), chyle leak (n = 1), and @entity130 (n = 1). No surgical complications were attributed to stent placement. CONCLUSIONS: Use of esophageal stents during neoadjuvant therapy is safe and results in resolution of @entity1282 , mild @entity353 , and maintenance of performance status without an effect on intraoperative dissection, perioperative complications, or delay in resection after neoadjuvant therapy.

title: A prospective phase II evaluation of esophageal stenting for neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX : optimal performance and surgical safety.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial injury']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: 1. The present study attempted to pharmacologically characterize the alpha-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in @entity235 isolated and perfused mandibular alveolar artery (MAA). 2. @entity1063 (NA) and @entity2647 (PE) induced a strong vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent manner. The PE-induced vascular constriction was significantly inhibited by treatment with @entity3159 . @entity4763 evoked a moderate vascular constriction and the @entity4763 -induced response was suppressed by @entity3160 . The NA-induced response was partially inhibited by @entity3160 and the remaining response to NA was abolished by subsequent administration of @entity3159 . 3. Treatment of MAA with @entity13397 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NA-induced vasoconstriction. Pretreatment of tissues with 10 micromol/L @entity19170 produced a slight and statistically significant inhibition of NA-induced responses. @entity20399 , a selective alpha(1D)-adrenoceptor antagonist, failed to significantly affect vasoconstrictor responses to NA. 4. The present results suggests that: (i) both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are involved in vasoconstrictor responses in the @entity235 MAA; and (ii) the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors involved in the vasoconstrictor responses in the MAA are characterized as mainly of the @entity43883 )- and partially of the @entity70673 subtype.

title: Existence of @entity43883 )- and XXXX subtypes in @entity235 mandibular alveolar arteries.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity19170 :: ('MESH:C051731', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroethylclonidine']

entities_list: @entity4763 :: ('MESH:D014991', 'Chemical') :: ['xylazine', 'Xylazine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['Noradrenaline']

answer: @entity70673 :: (403962(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['alpha(1B)-adrenoceptor']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether the structure-function relationship in @entity726 can be strengthened by using more precise structural and functional measurements combined with individualized structure-function maps and custom sector selection on the optic nerve head (ONH). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity1 : One eye of each of 23 @entity1 with @entity726 . METHODS: @entity1 were tested twice. Visual fields were collected on a high-resolution 3   * 3   grid (164 locations) using a Zippy Estimation by Sequential Testing test procedure with uniform prior probability to improve the accuracy and precision of scotoma characterization relative to standard methods. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT; 4 scans, 2 per visit) with manual removal of blood vessels. Individualized maps, based on biometric data, were used. To customize the areas of the ONH and visual field to correlate, we chose a 30   sector centered on the largest defect shown by OCT and chose @entity227 using the individualized maps. Baseline structure-function correlations were calculated between 24-2 locations (n = 52) of the first tested visual field and RNFL thickness from 1 OCT scan, using the sectors of the Garway-Heath map. We added additional data (averaged visual field and OCT, additional 106 @entity227 and OCT without blood vessels, individualized map, and customized sector) and recomputed the correlations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Spearman correlation between structure and function. RESULTS: The highest baseline correlation was 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.13-0.78) in the superior temporal ONH sector. Improved measurements increased the correlation marginally to 0.58 (95% CI, 0.21-0.81). Applying the individualized map to the large, predefined ONH sectors did not improve the correlation; however, using the individualized map with the single 30   ONH sector resulted in a large increase in correlation to 0.77 (95% CI, 0.47-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Using more precise visual field and OCT measurements did not improve structure-function correlation in our cohort, but customizing the ONH sector and its associated visual field points substantially improved correlation. We suggest using customized ONH sectors mapped to individually relevant @entity227 to unmask localized structural and functional loss.

title: Enhancing Structure-Function Correlations in XXXX with Customized Spatial Mapping.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field locations']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: @entity579 grain yield is predicted to decrease in the future because of an increase in tropospheric ozone concentration. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated the responses to ozone of two @entity579 ( @entity579 .) cultivars, Sasanishiki and Habataki. Sasanishiki showed ozone-induced @entity130 , but no grain yield loss. By contrast, Habataki showed grain yield loss with minimal @entity130 . A QTL associated with grain yield loss caused by ozone was identified in Sasanishiki/Habataki chromosome segment substitution lines and included the ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 (APO1) gene. The Habataki allele of the APO1 locus in a near-isogenic line also resulted in grain yield loss upon ozone exposure, suggesting APO1 involvement in ozone-induced yield loss. Only a few differences in the APO1 amino acid sequences were detected between the cultivars, but the APO1 transcript level was oppositely regulated by ozone exposure: i.e., it increased in Sasanishiki and decreased in Habataki. Interestingly, the levels of some phytohormones (jasmonic acid, jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, and abscisic acid) known to be involved in attenuation of ozone-induced @entity130 tended to decrease in Sasanishiki but to increase in Habataki upon ozone exposure. These data indicate that ozone-induced grain yield loss in Habataki is caused by a reduction in the APO1 transcript level through an increase in the levels of phytohormones that reduce leaf damage.

title: Ozone-Induced XXXX Grain Yield Loss Is Triggered via a Change in Panicle Morphology That Is Controlled by ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 Gene.

entities_list: @entity579 :: ('4530', 'Species') :: ['Oryza Sativa L', 'rice', 'Rice']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['leaf injury']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['Rice']