abstract: BACKGROUND: The onset and offset of action of anesthetic gases might be delayed by respiratory changes and gas exchange alterations present in @entity28 @entity1 . In this study, we assessed the influence of @entity28 on the hysteresis between @entity2614 and its effect as measured by the bispectral index (BIS). Because the use of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in @entity28 @entity1 has improved gas exchange, we also assessed the influence of PEEP on hysteresis. METHODS: Fifteen @entity28 and 15 normal-weight @entity1 , ASA physical status I and II, 20 to 50 years old, scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic surgery, were prospectively studied. Anesthesia was induced with @entity1875 and maintained with @entity2614 and @entity3575 . At the end of surgery and after stable BIS values of 60 to 65, the inspired concentration of @entity2614 was increased to 5 vol% for 5 minutes or until BIS was <40 and then decreased. @entity2614 transitions were performed once in normal-weight subjects (without PEEP) and twice in @entity28 @entity1 (one without PEEP and one with a PEEP of 8 cm @entity2507 ). The hysteresis between @entity2614 end-tidal concentrations and BIS during these transition periods was modeled with an inhibitory Emax model using a population pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic (PK/ @entity1726 ) approach with NONMEM VI. A descriptive analysis of @entity2614 inspired and expired concentrations, BIS values, and time to reach different BIS end points was also used to compare the PK and @entity1726 characteristics. RESULTS: All @entity1 completed the study. The data were adequately fit with the PK/ @entity1726 model. The hysteresis expressed as the effect-site elimination rate constant was not influenced by body mass index or PEEP (P > 0.05). Neither @entity28 nor PEEP showed any influence on the PK/ @entity1726 descriptors. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not support the hypothesis that @entity28 prolongs induction or recovery times when @entity2614 , a poorly soluble anesthetic, is used to maintain anesthesia from 90 to 120 minutes.

title: Obesity does not influence the onset and offset of XXXX effect as measured by the hysteresis between @entity2614 concentration and bispectral index.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['sevoflurane']


abstract: @entity172 receptor (ER) analyses are widely used in the management of @entity1 with @entity0 . Few data are available concerning variations in ER as a function of time and therapy. We examined @entity1 in whom multiple biopsies and receptor analyses were either performed simultaneously or over time with or without intervening chemotherapy or endocrine therapy. In 27 @entity1 with simultaneous assays from different metastatic sites, concordant results were obtained in 23 (85%) with respect to classifying a @entity5 as ER+ or ER-. In 34 @entity1 , multiple assays were performed over time. The receptor concentrations were concordant in @entity1 receiving no intervening therapy. In 10 @entity1 receiving hormonal therapy, the median receptor concentration changed from 66 femtomoles per mg cytoplasmic protein pretherapy to 8 femtomoles post therapy (P less than 0.05). This change suggested that hormonal therapy selectively eliminates ER+ cells. In 19 @entity1 receiving intervening chemotherapy, the median receptor concentrations pre and post therapy were similar. We conclude that simultaneous assays from multiple metastatic sites are highly concordant and unlikely to change over time without intervening therapy, but marked changes occur following therapy with a decrease in receptor concentration after endocrine therapy.

title: Changes in multiple or sequential @entity172 receptor determinations in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) is a @entity395 with a high mortality rate if untreated or delayed therapy. Whether immediate diagnosis and promptly treated with plasma exchange can change the grave prognosis? METHOD: Retrospective analysis was performed on clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of 13 @entity1 diagnosed and treated during a 6-year period, from August 1994 to August 2000, in a tertiary care university hospital in Taiwan. RESULTS: Among the @entity1 , 8 were males and 5 were females, 10 were idiopathic, 2 were @entity1396 , and 1 was @entity1252 -induced; 12 (92.3%) had @entity16 , 11 (84.6%) had ecchymosis, 8 (61.5%) had @entity221 , and 6 (46.2%) had @entity8 ( @entity1011 > or = 1.5 mg/dL) at initial presentation of the syndrome. Excluding the @entity1252 @entity1 , 6 of 10 (60%) had shown antinuclear antibody (ANA) non-specific positive (titer > or = 1:40). All @entity1 were initially treated with plasma exchange plus @entity230 . Of these 13 @entity1 , 11 (84.6%) achieved complete remission, one had partial remission, and one, which was @entity1396 -induced, had no response and died of a progressive disease complicated with @entity55 . Within a median follow-up period of 31 months, 4 of 11 @entity1 who achieved complete remission relapsed after one week, two weeks, three weeks, and three months, respectively. In the four relapsing @entity1 , three late relapsing @entity1 received FFP infusion, increased @entity134 dosages, added @entity786 plus @entity1891 ; and one early relapsing @entity1 , relapsing twice, received an additional two courses of plasma exchange and added @entity786 plus @entity1891 . All of the four @entity1 achieved complete remission again. The @entity1 who had partial remission relapsed early and responded promptly to another course of plasma exchange plus @entity786 and @entity1891 and achieved complete remission. CONCLUSION: Based on the results in this study, we conclude that plasma exchange plus @entity230 can effectively treat @entity2106 . For @entity1 with a refractory or relapsing disease, immunosuppressive therapy with @entity786 plus @entity1891 should be administered as well.

title: @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ): initial treatment with plasma exchange plus XXXX and immunosuppressive agents for relapsing cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity1396 :: ('MESH:D013988', 'Chemical') :: ['ticlopidine']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant antibody fragments have a wide range of applications in research, diagnostics and therapy. For many of these, small fragments like single chain fragment variables ( @entity10390 ) function well and can be produced inexpensively in bacterial expression systems. Although @entity2624 production systems are convenient, yields of different fragments, even those produced from codon-optimized expression systems, vary significantly. Where yields are inadequate, alternative production systems are needed. @entity26731 is a versatile biosafety strain known for good expression of heterologous genes, so we have explored its utility as a cell factory for production of scFvs. RESULTS: We have generated new broad host range @entity10390 expression constructs and assessed their production in the @entity26731 host. Two scFvs bind either to @entity1 @entity1851 or to @entity2355 , proteins of significant medical diagnostic and therapeutic interest, whereas a third is a model anti-lysozyme @entity10390 . The @entity26731 antibody expression systems produce scFvs targeted to the periplasmic space that were processed precisely and were easily recovered and purified by single-step or tandem affinity chromatography. The influence of promoter system, codon optimization for @entity15250 , and medium on @entity10390 yield was examined. Yields of up to 3.5 mg/l of pure, soluble, active @entity10390 fragments were obtained from shake flask cultures of constructs based on the original codon usage and expressed from the Ptac expression system, yields that were 2.5-4 times higher than those from equivalent cultures of an @entity2624 expression host. CONCLUSIONS: @entity26731 is a good cell factory for the production of scFvs, and the broad host range constructs we have produced allow yield assessment in a number of different expression hosts when yields in one initially selected are insufficient. High cell density cultivation and further optimization and refinement of the @entity26731 cell factory will achieve additional increases in the yields of scFvs.

title: Efficient production of soluble recombinant single chain Fv fragments by a XXXX cell factory.

entities_list: @entity26731 :: ('160488', 'Species') :: ['KT2440', 'Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440', 'Pseudomonas putida KT2440']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli K-12', 'E. coli K-12']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity26731 :: (160488,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas putida strain KT2440']


abstract: Infections caused by the parasite @entity9642 are endemic to Southeast Asia. @entity281 reported in the United States are among immigrants who acquired the disease abroad. Due to the nonspecific nature of its presentation and rarity in the United States, the diagnosis may first be suggested by the pathologist on biopsy review. Definitive diagnosis may need serologic testing for confirmation. We report 4 cases of @entity66 caused by United States-acquired @entity9642 , which were identified in the consultation files of the authors. @entity1 (3 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 ; aged, 20 to 66 y) presented with pulmonary complaints and @entity764 including cavitary infiltrates (2), lung mass (1), @entity1143 (1), and pneumothorax (1). Biopsies showed @entity9757 and @entity3616 in all cases. Other pathologic findings included @entity32 with geographic @entity39 (3), @entity1333 (3), and @entity5641 (3). @entity9642 organisms and/or eggs were identified in 2 cases. Serologic studies were positive for @entity9642 in 3 cases (2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and 1 immunoblot). Three @entity1 ate live crabs at sushi bars (including crabs in martinis, a previously unreported mechanism for @entity281 ). In 1 @entity1 , the source of @entity281 was uncertain. @entity9643 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity1712 in the United States. Although @entity5930 was a consistent finding, the biopsies may be nonspecific as the organisms and/or eggs are not always visualized. Unusual features include marked @entity5641 , foci of geographic @entity39 and @entity1333 . A history of ingestion and targeted serologies are the keys to diagnosis.

title: XXXX by @entity9642 in the United States: a rare cause of @entity5930 after ingestion of live crabs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pleuropulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity9642 :: ('34504', 'Species') :: ['Paragonimus', 'P. westermani', 'Paragonimus westermani']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pleuropulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis', 'granulomatous vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity9757 :: ('MESH:C535590', 'Disease') :: ['chronic eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity9643 :: ('MESH:D010237', 'Disease') :: ['Paragonimiasis']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity3616 :: ('MESH:D018549', 'Disease') :: ['organizing pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'Most infections']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest imaging abnormalities']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Pleuropulmonary infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity102 causes @entity455 with manifestations in different organ systems. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether anterior chamber protein concentrations and @entity633 in @entity1 with @entity6 have any correlation. @entity1 AND METHODS: 23 @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 were examined in both eyes by the use of the laser flare-cell meter (LFCM). After clinical exclusion of urinary tract infection urine-samples were taken on the examination-day. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group 1 consisted of 13 @entity1 with @entity633 (8x microalbuminuria, 5x macroalbuminuria), group 2 comprised 10 controls with normal urine albumin concentrations. RESULTS: Both groups were identical according to age and gender. The flare values in the group with @entity633 were significantly elevated (10.7 +/- 7.1 counts/msec) in comparison to those of the control group (3.7 +/- 1.9 counts/msec)(p = 0.042). The duration of the @entity6 was as well significantly different in both groups (7.9 +/- 6.9 yrs. vs. 23.9 +/- 13.4 yrs.)(p = 0.02). A correlation was found between @entity633 and flare values (r = 0.67; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate a correlation between protein concentration in aqueous and @entity633 . In future flare measurements could possibly offer a non-invasive diagnosis of @entity2316 .

title: [Flare measurement and XXXX in type I diabetics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type 1', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic hyperglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: @entity2720 are common @entity130 , which typically occur with @entity130 in young @entity1 . Treatment recommendations for these @entity130 are highly variable and controversial. There are greater than 100 surgical techniques described for operative treatment of this injury. One of the most widely recommended methods of surgical reconstruction for @entity2720 is to utilize the coracoacromial ligament for stabilization of the distal clavicle. Several modifications of this procedure have been described which have involved adjunct coracoclavicular fixation or fixation across acromioclavicular joint. Although the literature is replete with descriptive papers, there is paucity of studies evaluating the surgical outcome of this procedure. We systematically reviewed the English language published literature in peer reviewed journals (Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS) and assigned a level of evidence for available studies. We critically reviewed each paper for the flaws and biases and then evaluated the comparable clinical outcomes for various procedures and their modifications. The published literature consists entirely of case series (Level IV evidence) with variability in surgical technique and outcome measures. On review there is low level evidence to support the use of coracoacromial ligament for @entity3029 but it has been associated with high rate of @entity85 . Adjunct fixation does not improve clinical results when compared to isolated coracoacromial ligament transfer. This is in part because of the high incidence of fixation related complications. Similar results are reported with coracoacromial ligament reconstruction for acute and chronic cases. The development of @entity3528 joint symptoms with distal clavicle retention is poorly reported with the incidence rate varying from 12% to 32%. Despite this, the retention or excision of distal clavicle did not affect overall clinical results except in the @entity1 with pre existing @entity2720 who have inferior results with retention of distal end of clavicle. Further well designed clinical trials with validated outcome measures are required to fully evaluate the clinical results of this procedure.

title: Clinical results of coracoacromial ligament transfer in XXXX : A review of published literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['secondary acromioclavicular']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis', 'acromioclavicular joint dislocations', 'Acromioclavicular joint dislocations']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity recurrence']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['acromioclavicular dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['acromioclavicular dislocations']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower-limb function is severely impaired after sacral @entity128 . Nerve transfer is a useful reconstructive technique for @entity128 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of transferring the ipsilateral obturator nerve to the branch of the tibial nerve innervating the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle to recover knee and ankle flexion. METHODS: From 2007 to 2011, 5 @entity1 with sacral @entity128 underwent ipsilateral obturator nerve transfer as part of a strategy for surgical reconstruction of their plexuses. The mean @entity1 age was 31.4 years (range, 19-45 years), and the mean interval from injury to surgery was 5.8 months (range, 3-8 months). The anterior branch of the obturator nerve was coapted to the branch of the tibial nerve innervating the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle by autogenous nerve grafting. RESULTS: @entity1 follow-up ranged from 24 to 38 months. There were no complications related to the surgery. Three @entity1 recovered to Medical Research Council grade 3 or better in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Thigh adduction function was not affected in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Knee and ankle flexion can be achieved by transferring the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to the branch of the tibial nerve innervating the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, which is useful for balance. This procedure can be used as a new method for treating sacral @entity128 . ABBREVIATION: MRC, Medical Research Council.

title: Obturator Nerve Transfer to the Branch of the Tibial Nerve Innervating the Gastrocnemius Muscle for the Treatment of Sacral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['proximal nerve injuries', 'plexus nerve injury']

answer: @entity128 :: (MESH:D020209,Disease) :: ['Plexus Nerve Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) is a disorder characterized by vascular compression of the duodenum leading to mechanical obstruction. Surgical intervention is indicated in @entity1 who fail standard non-operative management, in which duodenojejunostomy is favored based on previous small series. Given the rarity of the condition, knowledge of the optimal indications for surgery, risk of @entity260 , and prognosis of @entity6029 after minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy is limited. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy for @entity6029 from March 2005 to December 2013 at our "healthcare system". We analyzed @entity1 ' presentations, work-up, surgical therapy, and outcomes. RESULTS: A series of 14 @entity1 with @entity6029 underwent minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy. All of these @entity1 met clinical criteria of @entity6029 with radiological confirmation. Average @entity353 before surgery was 10.7  kg. @entity308 were comorbid in 6/14 @entity1 . The mean age was 39  years (19-91  years). Twelve operations were completed laparoscopically and two were performed with robotic assistance. Mean operation duration was 119  min and average length of hospital stay was 5.5  days. There were no immediate @entity260 . One @entity1 developed a delayed  anastomotic stricture that improved with single @entity384 . Initial symptom improvement occurred in all @entity1 and the improvement occurred in 11 @entity1 (79  %) during the follow-up. At a mean follow-up of 20  months, two @entity1 experienced complications, including one @entity281  at a simultaneously placed J-tube site and one @entity1 with dumping syndrome. Mean weight gain was 3.8  kg (p  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity6029 should be considered a potential diagnosis in @entity1 who present with a history of @entity391 , @entity158 , and @entity353 and confirmatory radiographic findings. In well-selected @entity1 , minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy is a safe and effective treatment for @entity6029 with excellent short-term outcomes.

title: Minimally invasive duodenojejunostomy for superior XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression and eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['persistent postprandial vomiting']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['epigastric pain']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['SMAS', 'Superior mesenteric artery syndrome']

answer: @entity6029 :: (MESH:D013478,Disease) :: ['mesenteric artery syndrome']


abstract: Currently, there is no universally accepted treatment for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ), a pathology that can cause @entity451 or @entity1688 . Due to the complexity of @entity1566 , more than one therapeutic strategy may be necessary to regain lost functions. Therefore, the present study proposes the use of implants of mesoparticles (MPs) of @entity25213 / @entity1496 (PPy/I) synthesized by plasma for neuroprotection promotion and functional recovery in combination with treadmill training (TT) for neuroplasticity promotion and maintenance of muscle tone. PPy/I films were synthesized by plasma and pulverized to obtain MPs. @entity35 with a @entity1566 produced by the NYU impactor were divided into four groups: Vehicle (saline solution); MPs ( @entity25214 /I implant); Vehicle-TT (saline solution  +  TT); and MPs-TT (PPy/I implant  +  TT). The vehicle or MPs (30   L) were injected into the lesion site 48  h after a @entity1566 . Four days later, TT was carried out 5  days a week for 2  months. Functional recovery was evaluated weekly using the BBB motor scale for 9  weeks and tissue protection using histological and morphometric analysis thereafter. Although the MPs of PPy/I increased nerve tissue preservation (P  =  0.03) and promoted functional recovery (P  =  0.015), combination with TT did not produce better neuroprotection, but significantly improved functional results (P  =  0.000) when comparing with the vehicle group. So, use these therapeutic strategies by separately could stimulate specific mechanisms of neuroprotection and neuroregeneration, but when using together they could mainly potentiate different mechanisms of neuronal plasticity in the preserved spinal cord tissue after a @entity1566 and produce a significant functional recovery. The implant of mesoparticles of @entity25213 / @entity1496 into the injured spinal cord displayed good integration into the nervous tissue without a response of rejection, as well as an increased in the amount of preserved tissue and a better functional recovery than the group without transplant after a @entity1566 by contusion in @entity35 . The relevance of the present results is that @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants were synthesized by plasma instead by conventional chemical or electrochemical methods. Synthesis by plasma modifies physicochemical properties of @entity25213 / @entity1496 implants, which can be responsible of the histological response and functional results. Furthermore, no additional molecules or trophic factors or cells were added to the implant for obtain such results. Even more, when the implant was used together with physical rehabilitation, better functional recovery was obtained than that observed when these strategies were used by separately.

title: Functional recovery in spinal cord injured @entity35 using @entity25213 / XXXX implants and treadmill training.

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriplegia']

entities_list: @entity25213 :: ('MESH:C067635', 'Chemical') :: ['polypyrrole']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['TSCI', 'traumatic spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: The incidence of @entity66 based solely on @entity4040 ( @entity4040 ) score was compared with a protocol using a combination of @entity4040 score plus a score for @entity75 (ED score). The population of @entity235 studied included 425 Bernese mountain @entity235 and 22 @entity235 of other breeds. The overall agreement between the two systems was high. However, 12 per cent of @entity4040 -score negative cases were positive using the ED score. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.005). The female:male ratio of the @entity235 missed using the @entity4040 score was 2:1. The proportion of @entity235 affected with @entity4040 increased with age, male @entity235 being affected more frequently. The development of @entity4040 depends not only on age and breed, but probably also on gender. Thus, screening for @entity14228 should be based on at least two radiographic projections, including @entity4040 and @entity75 . As the vast majority of @entity235 in this study were Bernese mountain @entity235 , conclusions are valid only for this breed.

title: Comparison of two classification protocols in the evaluation of XXXX in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['elbow disease']

entities_list: @entity4040 :: ('MESH:C537208', 'Disease') :: ['ARTH', 'arthrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesions']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow dysplasia']

answer: @entity14228 :: (MESH:C535618,Disease) :: ['elbow dysplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The increased expression of @entity2247 has been implicated in the development and progression of @entity1 @entity5 . This study investigated the @entity2247 expression in @entity14 , and its relationships with @entity5 angiogenesis and the clinicopathological factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of the @entity2247 protein and microvessel density were evaluated, using immunohistochemical methods, in 21 normal colonic mucosa and 190 @entity1 @entity14 . Correlations between @entity2247 expression and microvessel density, as well as various clinicopathological factors, were studied in @entity14 . RESULTS: The @entity2247 protein expression in epithelial cells was increased in 169 of the 190 @entity420 cases (88.9%), but in only 1 of the 21 (4.8%) normal mucosa cases. The @entity2247 expression was significantly increased in the differentiated compared with the undifferentiated @entity14 (p<0.05), and significantly correlated with the depth of invasion and microvessel density (p<0.05). @entity5 had more @entity2247 positive cases than the @entity694 (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the @entity5 size and the presence of @entity7453 . CONCLUSION: The overexpression of @entity3840 in @entity14 seems to play a role in the invasion and angiogenesis of the @entity5 , so may be a useful marker of the prognosis. The prominent expression was also demonstrated in differentiated @entity14 .

title: Expression of XXXX and Tumor Microvessel Density in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Rectal cancers', 'tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity7453 :: ('MESH:D008207', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic or vascular invasion']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancers']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3840 :: (5743,Gene) :: ['Cyclooxygenase-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1943 receptor (SSTR) expression is positively correlated with @entity5 size and inversely correlated with @entity470 ( @entity470 ) levels and @entity5 differentiation. In the present study, we compared @entity22796 -5 and @entity470 -4 mRNA and protein expression in two @entity0 cell lines: MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERalpha-). RESULTS: All five SSTRs and four ErbBs were variably expressed as both cell surface and cytoplasmic proteins. In both cell lines, @entity22797 and @entity22796 were highly expressed, followed by @entity7931 and @entity7932 with @entity22260 being the least expressed subtype, at the protein level. ErbBs were variably expressed with @entity470 as the predominant subtype in both cell lines. @entity470 is followed by @entity7514 , @entity1722 and @entity12251 in MCF-7 at both the protein and mRNA levels. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity470 is followed by @entity1722 , @entity12251 and @entity7514 . Our results indicate significant correlations at the level of mRNA and protein expression in a cell and receptor-specific manner. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we found that, in MCF-7 cells, @entity7932 was the most prominent subtype coexpressed with ErbBs followed by @entity22260 , @entity22797 , @entity22796 and @entity7931 , respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity22796 colocalized strongly with ErbBs followed by @entity7932 , @entity22797 , @entity22260 and @entity7931 . ErbBs displayed higher levels of colocalization amongst themselves in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings may explain the poor response to endocrine therapy in ER- @entity5 . Differential distribution of SSTR subtypes with ErbBs in @entity0 cells in a receptor-specific manner may be considered as a novel diagnosis for @entity0 .

title: Colocalization of @entity1943 receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['ErbB1', 'epidermal growth factor receptor', 'ErbB']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['Somatostatin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Anatomical and histopathological findings in 12 cases of @entity22174 (nine with classic full trisomy and three with trisomy 13 and an unbalanced Robertsonian 13/13 translocation) are reported. Emphasis is on the brain defects, @entity854 , and histological organ @entity1141 . Eight @entity1 showed @entity245 ( @entity10146 ). @entity65 were invariably present, the leading @entity600 being an infundibular @entity1757 often in combination with dextroposition of the aorta and @entity340 . @entity854 giving evidence of organ @entity1141 were observed in the central nervous system, eyes, pancreas, kidneys, and ovaries. Mild @entity8 was a constant feature. Foci of persistent nodular renal blastema were found in six cases. The @entity788 appears to be pathognomonic for trisomy 13. These observations illustrate the importance of pathological studies in the recognition of @entity2008 and, more specifically, of @entity22174 . Based on autopsy data, trisomy 13 can be diagnosed - or ruled out - with certainty, even in the absence of karyotyping.

title: The pathology of XXXX . A study of 12 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['cystic renal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal development of the forebrain and midline facial structures']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Histological abnormalities', 'cardiovascular anomalies']

entities_list: @entity10146 :: ('MESH:D016142', 'Disease') :: ['holoprosencephaly']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular malformations']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosome abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities of the semilunar valves']

entities_list: @entity22174 :: ('MESH:C536305', 'Disease') :: ['trisomy 13 syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity22174 :: (MESH:C536305,Disease) :: ['trisomy 13 syndrome']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Neurofibromatosis type-I (von @entity1264 ) is characterised by multiple cutan @entity3292 , cafe-au-lait spots, @entity79 and @entity5 of central and peripheral nerves. Gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 25 percent of all cases. CASE REPORT: The authors report a case of a 53-year-old @entity1 presenting with rare hepatobiliary complication. He complained of @entity490 and he @entity1087 . The abdominal ultrasound revealed @entity1448 confirmed by the laboratory results. The endoscopic retrograd cholangiography showed nearly total obstruction in the middle part of common bile duct. Subsequently laparotomy and choledochoenterostomy was performed. @entity15037 was found in the wall of common bile duct and several @entity5 seedings were identified on the serosal surface of the small intestine. Post surgery he remained symptom free and showed no sign of @entity1087 . CONCLUSION: The authors would like to draw attention to this extremely rare case, since only two similar cases appeared in the literature.

title: [ XXXX caused by @entity3292 in a @entity1 with @entity1264 ].

entities_list: @entity1087 :: ('MESH:D007565', 'Disease') :: ['jaundice', 'looked jaundiced']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumour', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Recklinghausen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['Plexiform neurofibroma']

answer: @entity1448 :: (MESH:D002779,Disease) :: ['Bile duct obstruction']


abstract: @entity706 is one of the causative factors of @entity4611 , and @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a subtype of primary extranodal @entity5 . A 69-year-old @entity1 visited our hospital because of general fatigue. We diagnosed her with presumable non-functional primary @entity977 . Eight months after, the @entity1 revisited our hospital because of @entity1353 . Though we conducted systemic investigations including chest and abdomen enhanced computer tomography, transbronchial lung biopsy, and bone marrow biopsy, the diagnosis was not confirmed. Inadvertently, a @entity0 was found, and the surgical specimen proved that the @entity1 had double @entity5 and @entity1892 . Rituximab, @entity786 , @entity632 , @entity1891 , and @entity617 regimen was initiated, and complete remission was achieved. Notably, the sellar mass returned to normal size with improved function. We reviewed 32 @entity1 with primary @entity706 . In affected sites, both sellar and @entity4611 (6.7%), both hypothalamus and @entity4611 (6.7%), only sellar (63.3%), only @entity4611 (6.7%), only hypothalamus (13.3%), and only clivus (3.3%) were observed. In @entity4611 , both anterior and @entity409 (20.7%), only anterior dysfunction (58.6%), only @entity409 (3.4%), and no dysfunction (17.2%) were observed. It seemed that @entity1640 is related to both anterior and @entity409 , while sellar lesion is related to mainly anterior dysfunction. In @entity129 , 2nd @entity129 (45.2%) and 6th @entity129 (35.5%) were frequently observed. It seemed that sellar lesion is related to both 2nd and 6th @entity129 , while @entity1640 is related to mainly 2nd @entity129 .

title: @entity706 : XXXX diagnosed as a double @entity5 and improved with chemotherapy, and literature review of primary @entity706 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve dysfunction', 'nerve dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['parasellar lymphoma', 'Lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm', 'cancer-adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic lesion']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction', 'pituitary stalk']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['IVLBCL', 'intravascular large B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenoma and subsequent dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['intravascular large B-cell lymphoma']


abstract: Carriers of @entity34141 premutation alleles have 55-200 CGG repeats in the 5' untranslated region of the gene. These individuals are at risk for @entity2100 associated primary @entity11157 (females) and, in late life, @entity2100 associated @entity400 and @entity2055 (males, and to a lesser extent, females). Premutation carrier status can also be associated with @entity72 , attention @entity71 , and some @entity73 . In premutation carriers, @entity34141 mRNA levels are often higher than those with normal sized alleles. In contrast, in subjects with full mutation alleles, (>200 repeats) the @entity34141 gene is silenced and @entity34141 mRNA and its product, @entity34141 , are absent. We have studied a male knock-in (KI) @entity19 model of the @entity2100 premutation (120-140 repeats) during young adulthood. In comparison to wild type, KI @entity19 were hyperactive, exhibited less @entity148 in both the open field and the elevated zero maze, were impaired on the passive avoidance test, and showed some @entity51 on a test of social interaction. Motor learning as assessed by the rotarod test was normal. @entity2343 were less complex and spine densities and lengths increased in medial prefrontal cortex, basal lateral amygdala, and hippocampus compared with wild type. Regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis measured in vivo in KI @entity19 were increased. KI @entity19 also had elevated levels of @entity34141 mRNA and decreased levels of @entity34141 . Our results highlight similarities in phenotype between KI and @entity34141 knockout @entity19 and suggest that the decreased concentration of @entity34141 contributes to the phenotype in young adult KI @entity19 .

title: A XXXX model of the @entity2100 premutation: effects on behavior, dendrite morphology, and regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis.

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['subtle deficits']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['Dendritic arbors']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia syndrome']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction   Impaired perioperative nutritional status has been shown to be an important predictor of surgical morbidity and is the earliest marker of @entity3147 . No study, however, has examined serum prealbumin as a surrogate marker of nutritional status in @entity1 undergoing spine surgery. Methods   We performed a retrospective review of all @entity1 who developed a @entity86 wound @entity281 after undergoing spine surgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from January 2008 through December 2011. Demographics, preoperative diagnosis, type of surgery, perioperative serum prealbumin level, time to @entity281 , number and type of debridement procedures, and length of hospital stay were recorded. Results   A total of 83 @entity1 had prealbumin levels available at the time of presentation of @entity281 . Mean @entity1 age was 56 years, and 71% were @entity1 . Surgical treatment for the @entity281 required between 1 and 13 debridements, and 21 (25%) of the 83 @entity1 who had instrumentation placed at the time of the initial surgery required removal of their instrumentation. Inpatient hospitalizations were extended by an average of 13 days. Prealbumin levels were below normal in 82 (99%) of the 83 @entity1 ; levels were   <   7 mg/dL in 24 @entity1 , between 7 and 11 mg/dL in 32 @entity1 , and between 11 and 19 mg/dL in 26 @entity1 . Conclusions   All @entity1 except one who developed @entity86 wound @entity281 after spine surgery had serum prealbumin levels in the @entity3147 range at the time of presentation. The current study suggests serum prealbumin levels may be an inexpensive screening biomarker for nutritional status and risk stratification for @entity86 after spine surgery.

title: Prealbumin as a Serum Biomarker of Impaired Perioperative Nutritional Status and Risk for XXXX after Spine Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative deep', 'postoperative infection']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'nutritional deficiency']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Surgical Site Infection']


abstract: Plant lipoxygenases are thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of lipid-derived signaling molecules. The potential involvement of a specific @entity958 @entity71873 isozyme, @entity33951 , in the biosynthesis of the plant growth regulators @entity7214 (JA) and @entity2271 was investigated. Our characterization of @entity33951 indicates that the protein is targeted to chloroplasts. The physiological role of this chloroplast @entity71873 was analyzed in transgenic plants where cosuppression reduced @entity33951 accumulation. The reduction in @entity33951 levels caused no obvious changes in plant growth or in the accumulation of @entity2271 . However, the wound-induced accumulation of JA observed in control plants was absent in leaves of transgenic plants that lacked @entity33951 . Thus, @entity33951 is required for the wound-induced synthesis of the plant growth regulator JA in leaves. We also examined the expression of a wound- and JA-inducible @entity958 gene, vsp, in transgenic and control plants. Leaves of transgenic plants lacking @entity33951 accumulated less vsp mRNA than did control leaves in response to wounding. This result suggests that wound-induced JA (or some other @entity33951 -requiring component of the wound response pathway) is involved in the wound-induced regulation of this gene.

title: A chloroplast XXXX is required for wound-induced @entity7214 accumulation in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['abscisic acid']

entities_list: @entity7214 :: ('MESH:C011006', 'Chemical') :: ['jasmonic acid']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis', 'Arabidopsis thaliana']

answer: @entity71873 :: (841944(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['lipoxygenase']


abstract: Background. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 with few reported cases in the literature. In this case report, we present a 59-year-old male with @entity918 induced @entity788 who developed @entity4 . Case Presentation. A 59-year-old male presented to the emergency department with sharp epigastric @entity490 that radiated to the back and chest. On physical examination, he had abdominal tenderness and distention with hypoactive bowel sounds. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed @entity656 . The @entity1 's condition deteriorated and he was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). After he improved and was transferred out of the ICU, the @entity1 developed swelling of the scrotum and penis. Ultrasound (US) of the scrotum showed large hydrocele bilaterally with no varicoceles or testicular masses. Good blood flow was observed for both testicles. The swelling diminished over the next eight days with the addition of Lasix and the @entity1 was discharged home in stable condition. Conclusion. @entity4 is a rare complication of @entity656 . It usually resolves spontaneously with conservative medical management such as diuretics and elevation of the legs.

title: XXXX as a Complication of @entity918 Induced Acute @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['Scrotal swelling', 'scrotal swelling']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['Scrotal Swelling']


abstract: PURPOSE: Initial successful surgical treatment of @entity977 is crucial to reach long-term remission. @entity3194  (ICG) videoangiography (VA) is well established in vascular neurosurgery nowadays and several reports described ICG application in @entity1313 surgery. We designed this study to evaluate the feasibility of intravenous application of ICG and visualisation of a @entity4611 via the fluorescence mode of the operation microscope. METHODS: 22 @entity1 with @entity977 were treated with transsphenoidal microsurgery and were included in this study. Intraoperatively 25  mg ICG was administered intravenously and visualized via the fluorescence mode of the operation microscope (Pentero/Zeiss). RESULTS: 22 @entity1 qualified for transsphenoidal surgery presenting with different clinical symptoms (13 @entity1 with @entity2012 , 6 with M. Cushing and 3 with other symptoms like @entity227 or @entity1296 ) and identification of a @entity4611 (21 of 22 @entity1 ) in preoperative MR-imaging (mean diameter: 9  mm; SD 3.6; 6 macroadenomas, 15 microadenomas, 1 MR-negative). In all 22 @entity1 ICG  VA was performed during surgery. No technical failures or adverse events after drug administration occurred. Visualization was optimal approximately 2.4  min after intravenous application. In all @entity1 the @entity652 could be detected via two different types of visualization: direct visualization by fluorophore emission versus indirect detection of the @entity652 by a lower ICG  fluorescence compared to the surrounding tissue. CONCLUSION: Our data show that intraoperative ICG VA  can be a useful and easily applicable additional diagnostic tool for visualization of pituitary lesions using the microscopic approach.

title: Intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography for identification of XXXX using a microscopic transsphenoidal approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['vision disorder']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity3194 :: ('MESH:D007208', 'Chemical') :: ['Indocyanine green']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary lesion']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity263 is the most common non-cutaneous @entity5 in @entity1 . Radical prostatectomy (RP) is a mainstay of treatment for organ-confined @entity263 . Preoperatively, the process of planning RP is based on local stage and precisely defines the location and size of disease within the prostate. Nowadays, there is no technology that can accurately map @entity263 within the gland. Hence, urologists rely mainly on information provided by histopathological examination of biopsy cores, but this information does not accurately locate or @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to provide the surgeon with a 3D visualization tool capable of showing the location and extent of @entity5 within the prostate. METHODS: To perform this task, an application named iProstate, which makes use of four different mathematical predictive models that use biopsy cores information, was developed. These predictive models were trained with 277 clinical reports from @entity1 who had undergone radical prostatectomy. Two sets of data from the @entity1 reports were used to train the predictive models, the first containing the lengths of the biopsy cores and the @entity5 percentages of the biopsy cores information, and the second containing the lengths of the biopsy cores, @entity5 percentages of the biopsy cores, Gleason score, PSA and gland volume information. RESULTS: Multilayer Perceptron was the predictive model that scored the better results, giving a better approximation in the prediction of location and extent of @entity5 in the prostatic gland. Gleason score, PSA and gland volume proved to be important variables for the training of the predictive model. CONCLUSIONS: The application was able to perform predictions of the location and extent of @entity5 that were very close to the real location and extent of @entity5 observed in the whole mount radical prostatectomy specimens, therefore its implementation in clinical assessment and follow-up should be considered.

title: iProstate, a mathematical predictive model-based, 3D-rendering tool to visualize the location and extent of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'stage prostate cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Remarkably, a number of definitive epithelia, such as that of the anterior lens, give rise when suspended within 3D gels of type I collagen, to elongate, bipolar shaped cells that exhibit the ultrastructure, polarity, and migratory ability of mesenchymal cells. They begin producing type I collagen and stop producing crystallins, type IV collagen, and laminin. Here, we investigated changes in @entity10483 integrins and their extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands during this transdifferentiation. The former free surface of the lens epithelium that is now in contact with collagen begins within a day to stain intensely for @entity10483 and it is this surface rather than the surface facing the basement membrane that gives rise to mesenchymal cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments reveal a large increase in the @entity2393 subunit on mesenchymal cells as compared to the epithelium of origin. The alpha 5 integrin subunit, which is barely detectable in the lens, increases in the mesenchymal cells and alpha 3 continues to be expressed at about the same level as in the epithelium. alpha 6, the epithelial integrin subunit, and laminin, its ECM ligand, are not detected immunohistochemically or biochemically in the mesenchyme. Rather, the mesenchymal cells secrete abundant fibronectin, the major ECM ligand for alpha 5 @entity10483 . RGD peptides do not inhibit the transformation but antibodies to @entity10483 do perturb the emigration of mesenchymal cells from the lens apical surface. We conclude that the @entity10483 integrins newly expressed on the apical epithelial surface interact with the surrounding 3D collagen gel to help bring about this unusual epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

title: Expression of XXXX changes during transformation of avian lens epithelium to mesenchyme in collagen gels.

answer: @entity2393 :: (3688,Gene) :: ['beta 1 integrins']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7159 Background: Previous serological analysis of @entity151 cell lines identified members of the SOX Group B ( @entity15468 ) and @entity20442 proteins as highly immunogenic @entity5 antigens. @entity72208 are expressed in normal adult brain, testis and prostate as well as in many @entity151 cell lines. @entity20442 is expressed in normal brain and testis and is detected in @entity5 cell lines (9/11 @entity151 , 10/12 @entity320 , 7/7 NSCLC) as well as in colon, breast, head and neck, lung, bladder, @entity242 and @entity320 tissues. We assessed the prevalence and titers of the antibody response to these proteins and their correlation with survival in a group of @entity151 patients. METHODS: Serum samples from 70 @entity151 @entity1 were tested for SOX and @entity20442 immunoreactivity using a plaque assay. Titers of immunoreactive samples were determined by 10-fold serial dilutions. Clinical characteristics and survival were analyzed with respect to immunoreactivity and statistical analysis performed. RESULTS: Of 70 @entity151 @entity1 sera tested, 25.7% were seropositive for @entity15468 , 21.4% for @entity4731 , 10.0% for @entity41011 , and 15.7% for @entity20442 with titers as high as10(6). Antibody response was seen in 14/30 limited stage @entity1 and 10/25 extensive stage @entity1 . Analysis of 40 @entity1 with complete clinical data showed a statistically significant survival advantage in @entity1 with immunoreactivity to @entity41011 and/or @entity20442 (p=0.0175). A trend towards longer survival in @entity1 seropositive for any of the four proteins was also observed although it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: In this group of @entity151 @entity1 , there is a high incidence of immunoreactivity to @entity15468 and @entity20442 . @entity41011 immunoreactivity was associated with high titer @entity15468 and @entity4731 immunoreactivity. Seroreactivity to SOX Group B and @entity20442 is associated with prolonged survival in these @entity1 without clinically evident @entity16 . The presence of these antibodies may be a marker of a more indolent course of this disease and may be of interest as a vaccine target. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Immunoreactivity to @entity15468 and @entity20442 antigens and correlation to survival in @entity151 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanoma tumor']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['SCLC']


abstract: Prolapse of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve is the result of @entity397 , elongated chordae, or elongated or @entity1377 muscle. Several techniques have been described for the correction of @entity339 . However, when there is severe @entity397 of the chordae, the most widely accepted solution is valve replacement. We describe a technique for the creation of a neochorda with a strip of tissue from the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. This technique was used in two @entity1 with severe @entity339 . Formation of a neochorda and placement of a Carpentier ring to remodel the anulus obviated the need for a valve replacement. Both @entity1 had an uneventful recovery. Studies performed 3 and 4 months postoperatively showed competent and well-functioning valves. One @entity1 required a valve replacement for acute @entity339 5 years later, but the other @entity1 was doing well 3 years after the operation. Despite the limited experience, we believe this technique offers a reasonable alternative to valve replacement.

title: A new technique for repair of XXXX caused by @entity397 of the anterior leaflet.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured papillary']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'ruptured chordae']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve regurgitation', 'mitral valve insufficiency', 'mitral insufficiency']

answer: @entity339 :: (MESH:D008944,Disease) :: ['mitral insufficiency']


abstract: In 1984, during 201 voyages of cargo ships of Polish Ocean Lines having doctors on board, 30340 medical consultations were given to crew members, in 15506 cases of complaints and diseases. Doctors also consulted injured seafarers 2456 times in cases of @entity130 , wounds, @entity2981 , @entity174 , @entity5391 etc. During these 201 voyages, 33 cases of serious medical conditions were reported among crew members, which required disembarkation and hospital treatment abroad; in this number two cases of @entity583 ended fatally. There were also 13 casualties among seamen, which were treated in hospitals in foreign ports; all of them survived. One of the important health problems of seafarers were diseases of teeth, pulp, and periapical tissue. Such cases constituted the majority (66.9%) of all 1868 cases referred for consultation and treatment in foreign ports. @entity66 prevention among seafarers needed improvement. The working time of doctors on board @entity2708 was under-utilized. To a greater extent they should be involved in training seafarers in first aid and primary health care, and in health education activities among seamen, during sea voyages. Materials presented in the paper may be of use in planning efficient and cost-effective health services for crews of ships.

title: The work of XXXX 's doctors of Polish Ocean Lines.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oral diseases']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['broken bones, burns']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2981 :: ('MESH:D003288', 'Disease') :: ['contusions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Gene) :: ['ship']


abstract: An 18 cm x 16 cm x 10 cm @entity5 of the @entity1819 , invading the @entity409 , pancreatic body and tail, and transverse colon, with peritoneal deposits on the major omentum, was resected by total gastrectomy plus left hepatic lobectomy, transverse colectomy, distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and omentectomy. Histopathologically, the @entity5 consisted of large uniform cells with significant nuclear atypia, showing solid growth patterns with occasional small nests without @entity420 components. Immunohistochemical investigations of the neoplastic cells confirmed the @entity5 as a @entity3270 . molecular analyses disclosed loss of heterozygosity at the @entity16857 gene locus on chromosome 11q13. Recurrence occurred at the hepatic hilus and incurred @entity3883 months after surgery. Following percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, intensive chemotherapy (20 mg/m(2) @entity900 on days 1-5 div, 100 mg/m(2) etoposide on days 1, 3, and 5 div, and 800 mg/m(2) @entity1487 on days 1-5 bolus iv) was started. The recurrent @entity5 shrank dramatically, and could not be detected on image modalities after five courses of chemotherapy. The @entity1 was well and free of symptoms without biliary drainage for 5 months. Then he began to present with @entity1087 again, and died of acute massive dissemination 7 months after surgery. An aggressive form of @entity3270 has been known to be associated with an extremely poor prognosis. However, it is notable that treatment with extensive surgery and intensive chemotherapy could contribute to an improvement in quality of life even if the beneficial effect lasted for only half a year.

title: A case of aggressive XXXX of the @entity1819 .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice 2']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['left lobe of the liver']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3270 :: ('MESH:D018278', 'Disease') :: ['NE carcinoma', 'neuroendocrine (NE) carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity3270 :: (MESH:D018278,Disease) :: ['neuroendocrine carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the differences in the neuroretinal rim area (NRA) and ocular haemodynamic parameters in @entity1 with normal-tension @entity726 (NTG) with differing @entity428 ( @entity428 ) values. METHODS: 40 @entity1 (11 males) with NTG (age 61.1 (11.5)) were included in the prospective study. Intraocular pressure (IOP), non-invasive @entity428 , @entity450 ( @entity450 ) and confocal laser scanning tomography for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) structural parameters were assessed. Non-invasive @entity428 was measured using a novel two-depth Transcranial Doppler device. @entity450 was measured using colour Doppler imaging in the @entity432 ( @entity432 ). The @entity1 were divided into two groups, @entity428 >=  and <8.3   mm   Hg, based on the statistical median of @entity428 . p Values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 with NTG had mean @entity428 8.8 (2.5) mm   Hg, IOP 13.6 (2.1) mm   Hg, @entity1781 size 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), NRA 1.2 (0.4) mm(2). Lower @entity428 was correlated with decreased NRA (r=0.51, p=0.001). @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 (N=20) had significantly lower NRA 1.0 (0.3) mm(2), than @entity1 with NTG having higher @entity428 (N=20) 1.3 (0.3) mm(2), p=0.002, although there were no significant differences in @entity1781 size (accordingly, 2.2 (0.5) and 2.3 (0.6) mm(2), p=0.55) and IOP (accordingly, 13.5 (2.4) and 13.7 (1.8) mm   Hg, p=0.58). @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 had significantly lower @entity432 blood flow velocities (peak systolic volume (PSV) 28.7 (8.0), end-diastolic volume (EDV) 6.9 (3.0) cm/s), compared with @entity1 with NTG having higher @entity428 (PSV 35.5 (10.2), EDV 9.4 (4.1) cm/s), p<0.04. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with NTG having @entity428 have decreased neuroretinal rim area and @entity432 blood flow parameters compared with @entity1 having higher @entity428 . Further longitudinal studies are needed to analyse the involvement of @entity428 in NTG management.

title: Neuroretinal rim area and ocular haemodynamic parameters in XXXX with normal-tension @entity726 with differing intracranial pressures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['lower ICP', 'ICP', 'intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['RBF', 'retrobulbar blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['OND', 'optic nerve disc']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'ophthalmic artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The ASEP/ @entity601 (averaged solvent electrostatic potential from molecular dynamics) method was employed in studying the environment effects (solvent and counterion) on the absorption spectrum of a model of the 11-cis-retinal protonated @entity3364 . Experimental studies of the absorption spectra of the @entity8695 chromophore show anomalously large solvent shifts in apolar solvents. In order to clarify their origin, we study the role of the counterion and of the solute-solvent interactions. We compare the absorption spectra in the gas phase, @entity13479 , @entity1044 , and @entity1042 . The counterion effect was described from both a classical and quantum point of view. In the latter case, the contribution of the chromophore-counterion charge transfer to the solvent shift could be analyzed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that counterion and solvent effects on the absorption properties of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore have been simultaneously examined. We conclude that the counterion-solute ionic pair in the gas phase is not a good model to represent the solvent shift in nonpolar solvents, as it does not account for the effect that the thermal agitation of the solvent has on the geometry of the ionic pair. In contrast to nonpolar solvents, the experimental solvent shift values in @entity1042 can be exclusively explained by the polarity of the medium. In @entity1044 , the presence of the counterion does not modify the solvent shift of the first absorption band, but it affects the position of the second excited state. In the three solvents considered, the first two excited states become almost degenerate.

title: Simultaneous Solvent and Counterion Effects on the Absorption Properties of a Model of the XXXX Chromophore.

entities_list: @entity13479 :: ('MESH:C506365', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclohexane']

entities_list: @entity1044 :: ('MESH:D008752', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloromethane']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity3364 :: ('MESH:D012545', 'Chemical') :: ['Schiff base']

answer: @entity8695 :: (6010,Gene) :: ['Rhodopsin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic drainage (EUS-PD) has been reported as an alternative to surgery, when transpapillary access to the main pancreatic duct (MPD) is impossible. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of the procedure and long-term clinical outcome in @entity1 treated with EUS-PD. @entity1 AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed our single-center experience over a 10-year period. RESULTS: EUS-PD was attempted in 20 @entity1 (24 interventions), with a median age of 64 years (range 36 - 78). Indications for the procedure were post-Whipple symptomatic anastomotic stricture (n = 10) and chronic @entity788 (n = 10). EUS-PD was performed by a transgastric (n = 16) or transbulbar (n = 3) route or with a rendezvous technique (n = 5). Wirsungography was performed in all interventions and successful drainage was achieved in 18 / 20 (90 %) @entity1 . There were two minor procedure-related complications: bleeding that was treated endoscopically, and a perigastric collection that resolved spontaneously. Median follow up was 37 months (range 3 - 120 months), stent dysfunction occurred in 9 / 18 (50 %) @entity1 . Out of 18 @entity1 with successful EUS-PD, long-term @entity158 resolution was observed in 13 (72 %). At the last follow-up visit, there were significant decreases in @entity158 scores, from 7.5 to 1.6, and in MPD size from 8.1 mm to 3.9 mm. Failure was associated with @entity5 presence or recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Technical success rate of EUS-PD and clinical long-term @entity158 resolution were 90 % and 72 %, respectively. EUS-PD is a reliable procedure with a low complication rate. It might therefore replace surgery at expert centers.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transluminal drainage of XXXX : long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic duct obstruction']


abstract: Twenty-five radical prostatectomy specimens were screened for the presence of numerical chromosome changes within the @entity420 as well as 17 adjacent @entity5436 ( @entity5436 ) by means of interphase in situ hybridization (ISH) to routinely processed tissue sections. To this end a defined alfoid repetitive DNA probe set was used, specific for the centromeres of chromosomes 1, 7, 8, 10, 15, and Y. The cytogenetic information was correlated with histopathological and clinical features as well as with DNA ploidy. Numerical aberrations of at least one chromosome were shown in 13 of 25 cases (52%). Alterations of chromosome 8 and loss of the Y chromosome were the most frequent findings (both 20%), followed by loss of chromosomes 15 (16%) and 10 (12%). @entity1017 was seen in 8% of cases. No aberrations of chromosomes 7, 8, 10, and 15 were found in the adjacent @entity4623 , whereas loss of the Y chromosome in both @entity5436 and @entity5 occurred in two cases. Also, (low level) aneuploidy was observed in 76% of these @entity4623 . Ploidy of the @entity189 as assessed by ISH correlated well with ploidy measured by DNA flow cytometry (FCM; P < 0.02). Due to the more specific correspondence between ISH and @entity5 pathology, pathologic grade correlated with ISH aneuploidy (P < 0.05), whereas FCM ploidy did not. Furthermore, genetic heterogeneity within a @entity5 was seen, as judged by the focal appearance of chromosomal aberrations. @entity2342 occurred in all grades and stages, although @entity2526 , and aberrations of chromosome 8 tended to predominate in more @entity5 .

title: Interphase cytogenetics of prostatic adenocarcinoma and precursor lesions: analysis of 25 radical prostatectomies and 17 adjacent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'advanced cancers']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 10, gain of chromosome 7']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Gain of chromosome 7']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['PIN lesions']

entities_list: @entity2342 :: ('MESH:D004408', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal alterations']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias', 'PIN']

answer: @entity5436 :: (MESH:D019048,Disease) :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whilst many recent reports have suggested a rise in the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 in Western countries, little is known about the epidemiology of these common conditions in south-east Asia. This study compared the prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 amongst secondary school students in three south-east Asian populations--Hong Kong, Kota Kinabalu in Malaysia, and San Bu in China--and investigated the associations with atopy and family history. METHODS: Secondary school students were given standard questionnaires on respiratory and @entity56 for completion by parents with response rates of 89.2% in Hong Kong (611 male, 451 female; mean (SD) age = 13.9 (1.8 years), 87.6% in Kota Kinabalu (134 male, 275 female; 15.5 (2.1) years), and 98.6% in San Bu (492 male, 245 female; 16.4 (1.8) years). Skin tests were performed in a subsample of students to determine @entity1097 status. RESULTS: The respective prevalence (and 95% CI) for @entity2023 , @entity484 , and wheeze or @entity565 were 15.7% (13.5, 17.9), 20.1% (17.7, 22.5), 11.6% (9.3, 13.9) in Hong Kong, 11.2% (8.2, 14.3), 7.6% (5.0, 10.1), 8.2% (5.5, 10.9) in Kota Kinabalu, and 2.1% (1.2, 3.1), 7.2% (5.4, 9.1), 1.9% (0.7, 3.1) in San Bu. Atopy was common and was present in 49.0-63.9% of subjects in the three populations. Dust mite and cockroach were the commonest allergens that gave positive reactions in 42.8-60.5% and 25.7-35.9% of students respectively. A higher proportion of students in Hong Kong had severe degree of reactivity on skin test than the other two populations. Family history was associated with @entity565 and @entity56 in the three populations conferring a 3-80-fold increase in risk to family members and was a stronger predictor for @entity565 and @entity566 than atopy. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of @entity565 and @entity56 is low compared with Western countries, but considerable differences exist between the three south-east Asian populations despite similar rates of atopy. @entity56 are more strongly associated with family history than atopy, which suggests that genetic and environmental factors common to the family, other than aeroallergen sensitisation, are important in the pathogenesis of @entity565 and @entity566 in the region.

title: Asthma, XXXX , and atopy in three south-east Asian populations.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'allergic disease', 'Asthma and allergic disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity12042 is one of the main differential diagnoses in the investigation of nephrotic @entity644 in adults, especially elderly @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to contribute to international research with epidemiologic data of @entity12042 , given the lack of uniformity described in the literature. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 37 cases of @entity12042 diagnosed by kidney biopsy, between 2000 and 2011, considering epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data. RESULTS: Subjects aged between 32 and 80 years. Of the 37 cases, 21 (56.8%) were diagnosed as non-light chain (non- @entity2783 ) @entity12042 and 16 (43.2%) as light chain @entity2783 ( @entity2783 ). There was seen an increase in number of both @entity2783 and non- @entity2783 cases, with a slight predominance in non- @entity2783 . The mean 24-hour @entity644 was 5839.0 mg/day. @entity811 was present in 75% of @entity1 . @entity101 was reported in 34% of @entity1 . @entity810 , occurred in about 10% of @entity1 , and chronic loss of renal function was present in about 5% at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12042 is a disease of increasing incidence. The forms of clinical presentation proved to be variable, but the presence of @entity644 or @entity1985 in elderly @entity1 should always prompt the suspicion of @entity12042 and is a formal indication of renal biopsy.

title: Epidemiological, clinical and laboratorial profile of XXXX : a 12-year retrospective study of 37 cases.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity12042 :: ('MESH:C538249', 'Disease') :: ['Renal amyloidosis', 'renal amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['Acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['Hematuria']

answer: @entity12042 :: (MESH:C538249,Disease) :: ['renal amyloidosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The introduction of endoscopic techniques has led to debate about optimal management of early @entity420 . The aim was to evaluate @entity1 selection and outcomes for endoscopic or surgical treatment at a tertiary referral centre. METHODS: A prospectively collected database of consecutive @entity1 staged with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) or T1 @entity420 treated with curative intent between 2005 and 2013 was undertaken. All @entity1 were discussed at the multidisciplinary team meeting. Surgical treatment was by thoracoscopic assisted or standard/laparoscopic assisted Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy. Endoscopic treatment was a structured programme of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and/or radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Outcomes included treatment variables, recurrence and complications. RESULTS: 83 @entity1 treated; 50 with endoscopic therapy (EMR only-4, EMR then RFA-22, RFA only-24) and 38 by surgery (33 straight to surgery and 5 following EMR). Median age (67) and mean follow-up (21 months) were similar. @entity1893 was more common in the endoscopic group (32/50, 64%, vs.3/33, 9%, p  =  0.0001). Significant complications were more common following surgery (13/38, 34%, vs. 1/50, 2%, p  =  0.0001). There were two in-hospital deaths following oesophagectomy (1 open, 1 thoracoscopic). Endoscopic treatment beyond 12 months for persisting @entity1893 was required in 2 @entity1 . Recurrence of @entity1893 /invasive @entity5 was diagnosed in 2/36 (5.6%, T1a recurrence) of endoscopic and 1/38 (2.6%, T2N0 - subsequent hepatic metastases) surgical @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A management algorithm including both endoscopic treatment and oesophagectomy provides optimal outcome for these @entity1 . Due to additional morbidity of surgery, endoscopic treatment is appropriate first-line treatment.

title: Surgical and endoscopic management of high grade dysplasia and early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia', 'HGD/intramucosal disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['oesophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) is widely used to treat @entity1031 , but monitoring in @entity1 is challenging. Both activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and anti- @entity6236 activity (anti-Xa) are utilized, but a comparison of dosing nomograms has not been reported in pediatrics. OBJECTIVE: To compare the performance of aPTT and anti-Xa for UFH monitoring in pediatric @entity1 . DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in @entity1  <=  21  years old treated with UFH at Johns Hopkins Hospital from January 2009 to May 2011. For monitoring, an aPTT nomogram was used for the initial 15  months, and an anti-Xa nomogram was used for the subsequent 12  months. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-four @entity1 were monitored with aPTT and 26 patients with anti-Xa. There was no significant difference in median time to therapeutic range (11.6  h aPTT, 95%CI  =  6.0-17.0; 9.9  h anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  7.3-20.7) or per cent of @entity1 achieving therapeutic measurements at 24 (79% aPTT, 95%CI  =  62-91; 73% anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  52-88) and 48  h (88% aPTT, 95%CI  =  73-97; 96% anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  80-100). However, anti-Xa measurements were more frequently therapeutic than aPTT (74% [95%CI  =  69-78] vs. 54% [95%CI  =  50-59]). Variance between anti-Xa and aPTT measurements was high (R(2)   =  0.236). No significant difference was seen in bleeding incidence (9% aPTT, 95%CI  =  2-24; 15% anti-Xa, 95%CI  =  4-35). CONCLUSION: The time to achieve therapeutic measures and bleeding outcomes were not significantly different between anti-Xa and aPTT nomograms. However, a small study size limits the power to detect clinically relevant differences. The results warrant larger prospective studies of UFH monitoring in @entity1 with @entity1031 .

title: Retrospective cohort study comparing activated partial thromboplastin time versus anti- XXXX activity nomograms for therapeutic unfractionated heparin monitoring in pediatrics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic disease']

answer: @entity6236 :: (2159,Gene) :: ['factor Xa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously cloned a 1,3-specific lipase gene from the fungus Rhizomucor miehei and expressed it in methylotrophic @entity375 @entity10101 . The enzyme produced (termed RML) was able to catalyze methanolysis of @entity1460 oil and showed strong position specificity. However, the enzyme activity and amount of enzyme produced were not adequate for industrial application. Our goal in the present study was to improve the enzyme properties of RML in order to apply it for the conversion of microalgae oil to biofuel. RESULTS: Several new expression plasmids were constructed by adding the propeptide of the target gene, optimizing the signal peptide, and varying the number of target gene copies. Each plasmid was transformed separately into @entity10056 X-33. Screening by flask culture showed maximal (21.4-fold increased) enzyme activity for the recombinant strain with two copies of the target gene; the enzyme was termed Lipase GH2. The expressed protein with the propeptide (pRML) was a stable glycosylated protein, because of glycosylation sites in the propeptide. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed two major reasons for the increase in enzyme activity: (1) the modified recombinant expression system gave an increased transcription level of the target gene (rml), and (2) the enzyme was suitable for expression in host cells without causing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The modified enzyme had improved thermostability and @entity1042 or @entity1068 tolerance, and was applicable directly as free lipase (fermentation supernatant) in the catalytic esterification and transesterification reaction. After reaction for 24 hours at 30  C, the conversion rate of microalgae oil to biofuel was above 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Our experimental results show that signal peptide optimization in the expression plasmid, addition of the gene propeptide, and proper gene dosage significantly increased RML expression level and enhanced the enzymatic properties. The target enzyme was the major component of fermentation supernatant and was stable for over six months at 4  C. The modified free lipase is potentially applicable for industrial-scale conversion of microalgae oil to biodiesel.

title: Improved production of a recombinant Rhizomucor miehei lipase expressed in XXXX and its application for conversion of microalgae oil to biodiesel.

entities_list: @entity10101 :: ('644223', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris strain GS115']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['P. pastoris strain']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity161 is a severe, disabling and prevalent @entity146 without cure and with a variable, incomplete pharmacotherapeutic response. Prior to onset in adolescence or young adulthood a prodromal period of abnormal symptoms lasting weeks to years has been identified and operationalized as @entity922 ( @entity922 ) for @entity161 . However, only a minority of subjects prospectively identified with @entity922 convert to @entity161 , thereby limiting enthusiasm for early intervention(s). This study utilized objective resting electroencephalogram (EEG) quantification to determine whether @entity922 constitutes a cohesive entity and an evoked potential to assess @entity922 cortical auditory processing. METHODS: This study constitutes an EEG-based quantitative neurophysiological comparison between two unmedicated subject groups: 35 neurotypical controls (CON) and 22 @entity922 @entity1 . After artifact management, @entity2483 ( @entity2483 ) identified EEG spectral and spectral coherence factors described by associated loading patterns. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) determined factors' discrimination success between subjects in the CON and @entity922 groups. Loading patterns on DFA-selected factors described @entity922 -specific spectral and coherence differences when compared to controls. The frequency modulated auditory evoked response (FMAER) explored functional CON- @entity922 differences within the superior temporal gyri. RESULTS: Variable reduction by @entity2483 identified 40 coherence-based factors explaining 77.8  % of the total variance and 40 spectral factors explaining 95.9  % of the variance. DFA demonstrated significant CON- @entity922 group difference (P <0.00001) and successful jackknifed subject classification (CON, 85.7  %; @entity922 , 86.4  % correct). The population distribution plotted along the canonical discriminant variable was clearly bimodal. Coherence factors delineated loading patterns of altered connectivity primarily involving the bilateral posterior temporal electrodes. However, FMAER analysis showed no CON- @entity922 group differences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity922 subjects form a cohesive group, significantly separable from CON subjects by EEG-derived indices. Symptoms of @entity922 may relate to altered connectivity with the posterior temporal regions but not to primary auditory processing abnormalities within these regions.

title: Neurophysiological differences between XXXX clinically at high risk for @entity161 and neurotypical controls - first steps in development of a biomarker.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2483 :: ('MESH:C566443', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'principal component analysis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically high risk', 'CHR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The definition of @entity5520 -related @entity89 (BRONJ) was recently broadened and it is now known as medication-related @entity89 (MRONJ). To date, the management of MRONJ is controversial. Conservative treatment is recommended, but it is difficult to successfully treat stage 3 MRONJ. Administration of @entity15896 for the MRONJ treatment has only been documented in independent case reports and there are few reports on @entity1 with MRONJ treated with @entity15896 . An 81-year-old @entity1 was referred in May 2014 for treatment of an unhealed tooth extraction wound in the mandible. He took @entity63038 (1mg/d orally) for 2 years because of @entity170 cure. On clinical examination, soft tissue @entity4 in the left mandibular first molar region extended to the inferior border of the mandible with extraoral @entity292 . Computed tomography (CT) revealed @entity3061 extending to the inferior border resulting in pathologic @entity174 of mandibular bone. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of stage 3 MRONJ was made. We performed conservative treatment, including @entity115 , but his symptoms did not improve. He was then treated with once-weekly subcutaneous injection of @entity15896 . Although @entity15896 injections were started without antibiotics, after 1 week, @entity4 , erythema, and purulent discharge from the extraoral @entity292 increased rapidly. Therefore, we combined the once-weekly @entity15896 injection with @entity115 administration. Three months later, the @entity2530 had healed and CT showed significant bone regeneration and healing of the mandibular pathologic @entity174 . In addition, the mandibular @entity292 showed healing and the intraoral @entity292 was covered with normal mucosa.

title: Treatment of XXXX of the Jaw.

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity15896 :: ('MESH:D019379', 'Chemical') :: ['teriparatide']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis of the jaw']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity63038 :: ('MESH:C087958', 'Chemical') :: ['minodronic acid hydrate']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: @entity359 ( @entity1824 ) of the kidney are defined as potentially malignant mesenchymal lesions that are closely related to @entity359 . Although approximately 120 cases are published, mostly as case reports with variably used diagnostic criteria, the pathologic prognostic predictors of outcome are unknown. We analyzed the clinicopathologic parameters in a large series of 41 cases of pure @entity359 of the kidney, which we designate as pure (monotypic) epithelioid @entity1824 to contrast them from classic @entity359 that are regarded by some as @entity1824 . We use the terminology "pure" to separate these cases from those that may have variable epithelioid components. The mean age of the @entity1 was 40.7 years (range, 14 to 68 y). The male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 were symptomatic at presentation with metastatic disease at onset in 12 cases. Follow-up and/or disease progression information were available for 33 of 41 cases (mean, 44.5 mo and median, 24.5 mo; range, 4 to 240); 9 @entity1 had a history of associated @entity2916 . Recurrence and @entity3 were seen in 17% and 49% of @entity1 ; 33% of @entity1 died of disease. Lymph node involvement was seen in 24% of @entity1 ; the liver (63%), lung (25%), and mesentery (18.8%) were the most common metastatic sites. Clinicopathologic parameters associated with disease progression (recurrence, @entity3 , or @entity204 due to disease) in univariate analysis included associated @entity2916 complex or concurrent @entity359 (any @entity3 , P=0.046), @entity39 ( @entity3 at diagnosis, P=0.012), @entity5 size >7 cm (progression, P=0.021), extrarenal extension and/or renal vein involvement (progression, P=0.023), and @entity189 -like growth pattern (progression, P=0.040) (the 5 adverse prognostic parameters for @entity1824 ). @entity5 with <2 adverse prognostic parameters (13 cases) were considered to be low risk for progression @entity5 , with 15% having disease progression. @entity5 with 2 to 3 adverse prognostic parameters (14 cases) were considered to be "intermediate risk," with 64% having disease progression. @entity5 with more than 4 or more adverse prognostic parameters (6 cases) were considered to be high risk, with all @entity1 having disease progression. Of @entity5 with 3 or more adverse prognostic parameters, 80% had disease progression. An exact logistic regression analytic model showed that only @entity189 -like growth pattern and extrarenal extension and/or renal vein involvement were significant predictors of outcome (P=0.009 and 0.033, respectively). Our data of a large series with uniform definitional criteria confirm the malignant potential for @entity1824 and provide adverse prognostic parameters for risk stratification in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1824 (so-called epithelioid XXXX ) of the kidney: A clinicopathologic study of 41 cases: detailed assessment of morphology and risk stratification.

entities_list: @entity1824 :: ('MESH:D054973', 'Disease') :: ['PEComas', 'pure epithelioid PEComas', 'perivascular epithelioid cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity359 :: ('MESH:D018207', 'Disease') :: ['angiomyolipomas', 'epithelioid angiomyolipomas', 'Epithelioid angiomyolipomas', 'angiomyolipoma', 'classic angiomyolipoma']

answer: @entity359 :: (MESH:D018207,Disease) :: ['angiomyolipoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2401 is an inflammatory disease of @entity1562 , associated with nonischemic @entity39 and degeneration of myocytes. Although the clinical course is rapid, @entity2401 can lead to @entity384 with chambers dilatation and @entity67 . The pathophysiology of @entity2401 in @entity1 is not completely understood. There are several etiological agents implicated, mainly viral agents. The clinical presentation is extremely various, with nonspecific systemic symptoms until @entity944 . The great variability of symptoms makes the diagnosis, therefore, extremely difficult. We report the case of a 40-year-old @entity1 who developed, after childbirth, @entity221 associated with neck and left arm @entity158 ; initially treated with @entity1443 , without any benefit, the young @entity1 , after few days, died suddenly. The autopsy documented the presence of @entity382 . The microbiological tests performed 4 days after @entity204 were negative. The heart was normal in shape and volume; a section of the left ventricle wall showed subendocardial discromic areas histologically characterized by multifocal perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates. These infiltrates consisted mainly of neutrophils with eosinophil component associated with myocyte @entity39 and @entity548 interstitial infiltration.

title: Fulminant Peripartum XXXX associated with sudden cardiac death: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'woman']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1562 :: ('MESH:D017682', 'Disease') :: ['myocardium']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['edematous lungs and enlarged and congested liver']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis', 'Myocarditis']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['myocarditis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: According to available data, @entity111 is a common symptom of @entity1569 , however its characteristics and pathogenesis are not clearly understood. AIM: The main aim of this study was to assess itching sensation among @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 , including its incidence and severity. All factors triggering and worsening pruritic symptoms were also carefully analyzed. The authors assessed the relationship of itch with body mass index (BMI) and severity of disease. Moreover, serum levels of @entity4155 ( @entity4155 ) and @entity22597 were analyzed in relation to Psoriasis Activity and Severity Index, BMI and severity of @entity111 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group consisted of 60 @entity1 with @entity1569 . Analysis of impact of @entity111 on the quality of life and worsening factors was based on the questionnaire. The severity of @entity111 was assessed with the use of two independent scales. Serum @entity4155 and @entity22597 levels were measured in 30 @entity1 suffering from @entity1569 and in 10 healthy controls using immunoassay tests. RESULTS: 88.3% of analyzed @entity1 complained of itch and the most common factor which exacerbated @entity111 was stress (39.6%). @entity111 in @entity1569 was independent of gender, illness duration and extent of @entity272 . The average intensity of @entity111 was assessed as moderate and did not correlate significantly with BMI level, @entity4155 and @entity22597 . CONCLUSIONS: Since the pathogenesis of @entity111 in @entity1569 is not fully understood, further investigation in this area needs to be conducted. @entity111 may be considered as a characteristic feature of @entity1569 and, besides the @entity272 , should be a target in dermatological treatment to improve @entity1 's quality of life.

title: Itching sensation in psoriatic @entity1 and its relation to body mass index and @entity4155 and XXXX concentrations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'plaque-type psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity22597 :: (386653,Gene) :: ['IL-31']