abstract: During an 8-year period 63 consecutive @entity1 were treated for the first time for extensive metastatic nonseminomatous @entity5 . Four @entity1 did not respond sufficiently to chemotherapy to be considered surgical candidates, while 59 underwent surgical resection of @entity66 . Of these 59 @entity1 19 had concomitant wedge resection of associated @entity358 and 9 had a planned subsequent resection of residual @entity358 . Of the 63 @entity1 16 had stage B3 disease alone and 47 presented with pulmonary metastases associated with varying degrees of @entity66 . The most important determinant for survival was extent of @entity358 . Of 17 deaths 14 occurred among @entity1 presenting with extensive @entity358 . @entity1 with minimal to moderate @entity358 have done well regardless of the extent of coexistent @entity1625 , 24 of 27 (89 per cent) remaining in sustained complete remission. Of 16 @entity1 with massive palpable @entity1625 (B3) without coexistent pulmonary metastases 15 (94 per cent) survived free of @entity5 . The combination of extensive @entity358 with or without liver involvement has a poor prognosis, with only 35 per cent of these @entity1 remaining in sustained complete remission. Preoperative combination chemotherapy with @entity902 , @entity5713 and @entity1732 has improved survival free of @entity5 in this group compared to other combinations not including @entity902 (47 compared to 20 per cent) but the results in this selected group of @entity1 are significantly worse than those seen for all other @entity1 with lesser extent of disease. @entity5 recurrence more than 9 months after achieving complete remission has not been noted during following to 10 years. A plea is made for cases of advanced disease (B3 and/or C) to be reported according to the extent of @entity358 as well as the associated @entity1625 , since analysis of these data reveals striking differences in @entity1 survival, ranging from 100 to 35 per cent according to subgrouping.

title: Advanced metastatic XXXX : the need for reporting results according to initial extent of disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'testicular cancer', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and abdominal disease', 'pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine sulfate']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We systematically reviewed the literature on surgical and nonsurgical treatments for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity9826 and @entity9826 with concomitant lip-tie. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE(  ) (PubMed(  )), PsycINFO(  ), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL(  )) and Embase (Excerpta Medica Database), as well as the reference lists of included studies and recent systematic reviews. We conducted the searches between September 2013 and August 2014. REVIEW METHODS: We included studies of interventions for @entity9826 published in English. Two investigators independently screened studies against predetermined inclusion criteria and independently rated the quality of included studies. We extracted data into evidence tables and summarized them qualitatively. RESULTS: We included 58 unique studies comprising 6 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (3 good, 1 fair, 2 poor quality), 3 cohort studies (all poor quality), 33 case series, 15 case reports, and 1 unpublished thesis. Most studies assessed the effects of frenotomy (a procedure in which the lingual frenulum is divided) on breastfeeding-related outcomes. Four RCTs reported improvements in breastfeeding efficacy using either maternally reported or observer ratings, while two RCTs using observer ratings found no improvement. Mothers consistently reported improved breastfeeding effectiveness after frenotomy, but outcome measures were heterogeneous and short term. Future studies could provide additional data to confirm or change the measure of effectiveness; thus, we consider the strength of evidence (SOE; confidence in the estimate of effect) to be low at this time. Furthermore, this literature is characterized by (1) a lack of details about the surgical procedure, (2) cointerventions allowed variably in control groups, and (3) diversity of provider settings. @entity158 outcomes improved for mothers of frenotomized @entity1 compared with control in one study of 6-day old @entity1 but not in studies of @entity1 a few weeks older. Given these inconsistencies and the small number of comparative studies and @entity1 , the SOE is low for an immediate reduction in @entity158 . Three studies with significant limitations reported improvements in other feeding outcomes with frenotomy, and four poor-quality studies reported some improvements in speech articulation but mixed results related to overall speech sound production. Three poor-quality comparative studies noted some improvements in social concerns and gains in tongue mobility in treated @entity1 . SOE for all of these outcomes is insufficient. SOE is moderate for minor and short-term @entity548 following surgery and insufficient for other harms (reoperation, @entity158 ). CONCLUSIONS: A small body of evidence suggests that frenotomy may be associated with improvements in breastfeeding as reported by mothers, and potentially in @entity158 , but with small short-term studies, inconsistently conducted, SOE is generally low to insufficient. Comparative studies reported improvements in some measures of speech, but assessment of outcomes was inconsistent. Few studies addressed tongue mobility and self-esteem issues. Research is lacking on nonsurgical interventions, as well as on outcomes other than breastfeeding.

title: Treatments for XXXX and @entity9826 With Concomitant Lip-Tie

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['nipple pain', 'Pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity9826 :: ('MESH:C562396', 'Disease') :: ['ankyloglossia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity9826 :: (MESH:C562396,Disease) :: ['Ankyloglossia']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate colonic metaplasia of goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity4628 mucosa; to correlate this with the degree of morphological and inflammatory change; and to assess whether such changes are related to the presence of @entity3179 . METHODS: Biopsy specimens of @entity4628 mucosa were taken from 31 @entity1 (30 with @entity31 , one with @entity1412 ) either before (eight @entity1 ) or after (23 @entity1 ) ileostomy closure. A simple morphological technique was used to assess changes in villous height. Inflammatory change was estimated using an established scoring system for @entity5042 , and acquisition of colonic antigens was determined by immunohistochemistry using three monoclonal antibodies which recognise components of the two major epithelial cell types in the colorectum. The degree of staining with the monoclonal antibodies was graded and the grades correlated with an index of villous atrophy and with the inflammatory scores. RESULTS: Five of eight (63%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens showed increased staining with an antibody against components of columnar epithelial cells. One of eight (12%) pre-closure and 15 of 23 (65%) post-closure biopsy specimens stained with an antibody for colonic mucin. Although both types of staining showed a positive correlation with the @entity5042 score, they also occurred in the absence of @entity32 . CONCLUSIONS: Both goblet and columnar cells acquire colonic characteristics which are incomplete, but may represent a true adaptive response as they can develop in the absence of @entity32 . As the change in goblet cells occurs after ileostomy closure, @entity3179 is likely to be a major contributory factor. Changes in columnar cells may occur before ileostomy closure in the absence of @entity3179 .

title: Expression of colonic antigens by goblet and columnar epithelial cells in @entity4628 mucosa: their association with inflammatory change and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['faecal stasis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['faecal stasis']


abstract: The @entity653 dehydration test (GDT) has been used to test for the presence of M  ni  re's disease and elicits acute alterations in vestibular reflexes in both normal and pathological states. Activation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex (VSR) increases muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and peripheral vascular resistance. We hypothesized that the GDT would attenuate the VSR through fluid shifts of the inner ear. Sixteen male subjects (26    1 yr) were randomly assigned to be administered either @entity653 mixed with cranberry juice (97    3 ml @entity653 + equal portion of cranberry juice; n = 9) or a placebo control [water + cranberry juice (100 ml each); n = 7]. Subjects in both groups performed @entity717 ( @entity717 ), which engages the VSR, before and after administration of either the @entity653 or placebo. MSNA (microneurography), arterial blood pressure, and leg blood flow ( @entity432 plethysmography) were measured during @entity717 . Before @entity653 administration, @entity717 significantly increased MSNA burst frequency (/\8    1 bursts/min; P < 0.01) and total activity (/\77    18%; P < 0.01) and decreased @entity291 vascular conductance (-/\20    3%; P < 0.01). However, @entity717 performed postadministration of @entity653 resulted in an attenuated MSNA increase (/\3    1 bursts/min, /\22    3% total activity) and decrease in @entity291 vascular conductance (-/\7    4%). @entity717 significantly increased MSNA burst frequency (/\5    1 and /\5    2 bursts/min) and total activity (/\58    13% and /\52    18%) in the placebo group before and after placebo, respectively (P < 0.01). Likewise, decreases in @entity291 vascular conductance during @entity717 before and after placebo were not different (-/\13    4% and -/\14    2%, respectively; P < 0.01). These results suggest that fluid shifts of the inner ear via @entity653 dehydration attenuate the VSR. These data provide support that inner ear fluid dynamics can have a significant impact on blood pressure regulation via the VSR in @entity1 .

title: XXXX -induced fluid shifts attenuate the vestibulosympathetic reflex in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['head-down rotation', 'HDR']

answer: @entity653 :: (MESH:D005990,Chemical) :: ['Glycerol']


abstract: The aim of this study was the @entity854 occurring within T-cell subsets of @entity2743 ' @entity1 before treatment. Special emphasis was placed on the enumeration of activated T cells using a number of new monoclonal antibodies. Lymphocytes from 22 @entity2743 @entity1 were examined. The total number, the percentage of 'helper/inducer' and 'suppressor/cytotoxic' positive cells were evaluated using the antibodies T3, T4 and UCHT4, whereas the cells with killer activity were defined by H25. @entity3457 cells were detected using the antibodies DA6.231, DA6.164, and L243 which bind different epitopes of the beta chains of class II surface antigens and 4F2, which binds a 120,000 molecular weight glycoprotein. The results show no significant change in the total T, helper or suppressor cell phenotype, but an increase in the killer cell percentage was noted. Of those @entity1 tested, 19 of 22 showed an increase in activated T cells, 18 of 22 @entity1 showed a significant increase of T cells bearing class II antigens, 11 of 22 showed an increase of T cells staining with another activated T cell antibody, 4F2. The anti-DR antibodies expressed different binding characteristics, the most striking difference being seen between the antibodies DA6.231 and L243. The results of this study suggest an heterogeneity of the immune response, or differences in activation stage in @entity1 with @entity2743 before therapeutic intervention. An important role for these cells in the pathogenesis of this disorder can be inferred.

title: @entity3457 cells in XXXX before treatment.

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['definition of abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['Activated T']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic Graves', "Graves' disease"]

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity5 is a favourable prognostic factor in the radiotherapy of @entity213 , but the optimal radiotherapy regimen for HPV-positive @entity213 is not yet defined. Reducing overall treatment time is known to improve outcome in the radiotherapy of @entity213 as was also demonstrated in the randomised DAHANCA 6_7 trial. We aimed to assess the influence of @entity5 HPV-status, expressed by @entity986 , on the response to accelerated fractionated radiotherapy in @entity213 through evaluation of the DAHANCA 6_7 trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical detection of HPV-associated @entity986 -expression was performed on FFPE-pre-treatment @entity5 -tissues from 794 @entity1 enrolled in the DAHANCA 6_7 trial. The influence of @entity5 @entity986 -status on loco-regional @entity5 control and survival as a function of fractionation schedule (5Fx/week vs 6Fx/week) was evaluated 5years after the completion of radiotherapy. RESULTS: The significant and independent prognostic value of @entity5 @entity986 -positivity in @entity213 radiotherapy was confirmed, with adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 0.58 [0.43-0.78], 0.47 [0.33-0.67] and 0.54 [0.42-0.68] for loco-regional control, disease-specific and overall survival, respectively. Accelerated radiotherapy significantly improved loco-regional @entity5 control compared to conventional radiotherapy, adjusted HR: 0.73 [0.59-0.92] and the benefit of the 6Fx/week regimen was observed both in @entity986 -positive (HR: 0.56 [0.33-0.96]) as well as in @entity986 -negative @entity5 (HR: 0.77 [0.60-0.99]). Disease-specific survival was also significantly improved with accelerated radiotherapy in the group of @entity986 -positive @entity5 (adjusted HR: 0.43 [0.22-0.82]). CONCLUSION: Accelerated radiotherapy significantly improves outcome in @entity213 compared to conventional fractionation. The observed benefit is independent of @entity5 @entity986 -status and the use of a moderately accelerated radiotherapy regimen seems advantageous also for HPV/ @entity986 -positive @entity213 .

title: The influence of HPV-associated XXXX -expression on accelerated fractionated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: evaluation of the randomised DAHANCA 6_7 trial.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour HPV-positivity', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity986 :: (1029,Gene) :: ['p16']


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the effect of nasally instilled liposomes (L) or @entity619 -containing L (Ldexa) on normal or inflamed lung tissue. Three groups of @entity19 were studied. Group I was given saline instillations for 3 weeks prior to the instillation with liposomes. In @entity55 was induced by repeated instillations of Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula before the instillation of liposomes (group II) or liposomes containing @entity619 (group III). Animals from all groups were killed at regular time intervals for up to 48 h after the instillation of liposomes. The total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid did not differ significantly between groups I and II. However, in group III it decreased rapidly from 6.2 to 2.8 x 10(5) cells @entity19264 within 2 h. Differential counts did not change in group I, but in group II a transient neutrophilia was observed 180 min after the instillation of liposomes. In group III, the instillation of @entity619 -containing liposomes depleted all neutrophils and lymphocytes after 4 h. No @entity637 was found in samples of lavage fluid from any of the groups at time 0. In group I, liposomes induced the production of 0.03 ng @entity19264 of @entity637 in the 1 h sample only. In group II, @entity637 peaked to 1 ng @entity19264 at 1 h and had decreased to 0.35 ng @entity19264 by 3 h. In group III, @entity637 peaked at 1 h, but only reached a level of 0.1 ng @entity19264 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: PC:PS liposomes induce a recruitment of neutrophils and the release of XXXX in the lungs of @entity19 sensitized with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['groups II and III lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

answer: @entity637 :: (21926(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNF alpha']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1143 is uncommon at diagnosis of @entity3969 . Because the clinical significance of this finding has not been reported, a retrospective review of this entity was conducted. PROCEDURE: The radiology reports and medical records of 233 @entity1 with @entity3969 who were treated at St. Jude @entity1 's Research Hospital between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. RESULTS: Ten of the 233 @entity1 (4.3%) had @entity1143 detected on pre-nephrectomy imaging studies. Computed tomography (CT) scans were more sensitive than chest X-rays in identifying @entity1143 . All of the @entity1 with @entity1143 had @entity5 of favorable histology. Two @entity1 had @entity34 , five had stage III disease, two had stage IV disease, and one had stage V (bilateral) disease. All of the effusions occurred on the same side as the primary @entity703 and six effusions were associated with @entity843 . The two effusions that were tapped were negative for @entity5 cells. All 10 @entity1 in our series were alive without recurrence with a median follow-up duration of 68 months, yet only two @entity1 were treated with lung irradiation. CONCLUSION: @entity1143 at presentation of @entity3969 is uncommon and not associated with adverse prognosis. We recommend that @entity1143 be tapped whenever feasible if the results will change therapy. @entity1 with @entity1143 that are small and difficult to tap may be treated according to their local stage without pulmonary irradiation. Further analysis of @entity1143 in a larger group of @entity1 is necessary to confirm our preliminary observations.

title: Significance of @entity1143 at diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['Pleural effusion', 'pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney tumors']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity3969 :: (MESH:D009396,Disease) :: ['Wilms tumor']


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity1198 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity7130 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity1198 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3646 / @entity379 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity10071 / @entity9388 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity1 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity7794 induced a dramatic increase of @entity379 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity7794 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity379 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity379 production by CBMC than @entity7794 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity7794 did not induce significant @entity3646 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3646 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3646 and @entity379 mRNA expression showed that @entity7794 induced a significantly higher @entity379 , but not @entity3646 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity379 or @entity3646 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity7794 enhanced @entity1198 -related transcription factor @entity10071 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity9388 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity7794 did not up-regulate @entity10071 or down-regulate @entity9388 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity9388 expression and later @entity10071 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity1198 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity10071 / @entity9388 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different XXXX /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to @entity10071 / @entity9388 expression.

entities_list: @entity7130 :: ('6956', 'Species') :: ['Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus']

answer: @entity1198 :: (51497,Gene) :: ['Th1']


abstract: The efficacy and safety of ceftibuten (9 mg/kg daily for 10 days) were compared with those of @entity115 / @entity798 ( @entity10188 40 mg/kg/day given every 8 hours for 10 days) in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media in @entity1 . This was a multicenter, investigator-blinded study with 1:1 randomization. Overall clinical response and signs and symptoms of @entity2346 were collected prospectively pretreatment, 3 to 5 days during treatment, 1 to 3 days post-treatment and at 2- to 4-week follow-up. In addition to spontaneous reports of other adverse events, gastrointestinal adverse events were prospectively elicited at each visit. Two hundred ninety-six @entity1 (146 ceftibuten and 150 @entity115 / @entity798 ) were treated with at least 1 dose of study medication. Compliance with dosing was assessable with weight of drug consumed in 127 @entity1 in each treatment group. Five percent (6 of 127) of ceftibuten @entity1 and 11% (14 of 127) of @entity115 / @entity798 @entity1 received < 80% of prescribed drug (P = 0.10) and were therefore not valid. Two hundred twenty-two @entity1 (121 ceftibuten and 101 @entity115 / @entity798 ) received a minimum of 80% of prescribed medication and were compliant with the protocol. Ceftibuten and @entity115 / @entity798 groups were comparable both for demographic variables and for baseline signs and symptoms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Multicenter controlled trial comparing ceftibuten with XXXX / @entity798 in the empiric treatment of @entity697 media. Members of the Ceftibuten Otitis Media United States Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity10188 :: ('MESH:D019980', 'Chemical') :: ['Augmentin']

answer: @entity115 :: (MESH:D000658,Chemical) :: ['amoxicillin']


abstract: A clearer understanding of the various abnormalities which may develop in relation to the experimental or clinical bile @entity292 will be of value to the laboratory worker as well as to the physician and surgeon. A better comprehension of these diseased conditions will make for a saner analysis of the great mass of experimental data relating to the various types of bile @entity292 . Too frequently in the literature the bile @entity292 material is used to debate a physiological state whereas in reality the animal is in a pathological condition. It is possible but not easy to keep a bile @entity292 @entity235 in a normal state for months or years if proper attention is given to the diet and physical state. The most significant abnormalities are-intestinal disturbances, spontaneous @entity548 , @entity170 , @entity2963 and duodenal @entity1066 . Three types of bile @entity292 were used in our experiments and each one has its advantages and disadvantages. @entity8769 is best controlled by diet, by whole bile or @entity3645 or combinations of @entity235 and ox bile. Spontaneous @entity548 seems to be due to the loss of something by way of the bile and this can be prevented by bile feeding. The @entity1503 appears to be a lack of prothrombin. @entity170 appears inevitably after many months if bile is excluded from the intestine. This state is related to the lack of absorption of @entity560 . It is of some interest that liver feeding will prevent it. @entity4773 and @entity2963 are common in bile @entity292 @entity235 and absolute control or prevention is not easy. It may be restated that bile secretion into the intestine is necessary for normal health and even for actual continuation of life beyond a few months' period. Some of these experimental data should be of value to physicians and surgeons in the care and study of @entity1 @entity292 cases and should emphasize the necessity of prompt dietary control.

title: BILE FISTULAS AND RELATED ABNORMALITIES : BLEEDING, OSTEOPOROSIS, XXXX AND DUODENAL ULCERS.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['Duodenal ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal intoxication']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity2963 :: (MESH:D002769,Disease) :: ['CHOLELITHIASIS']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare multidetector CT (MDCT), MRI, and FDG PET/CT imaging for the @entity298 ( @entity298 ) in @entity43 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 with @entity43 and suspected @entity298 underwent MDCT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT, shortly before surgery. Nine abdominopelvic regions were defined according to the peritoneal @entity5 index. We applied lesion size scores on MDCT and MR and measured FDG PET/CT standard uptake. We blindly read MDCT, MR, and PET/CT before joint review and comparison with histopathology. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was performed. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 had @entity298 (67%). Altogether, 135 abdominopelvic sites were compared. Multidetector CT, MRI, and FDG PET/CT had a sensitivity of 96%, 98%, and 95%, and specificity was 92%, 84%, and 96%, respectively. Corresponding receiver operating characteristics area was 0.94, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively, without any significant differences between them (P = 0.12). FDG PET/CT detected supradiaphragmatic disease in 3 @entity1 (20%) not seen by MDCT or MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Although MRI had the highest sensitivity and FDG PET/CT had the highest specificity, no significant differences were found between the 3 techniques. Thus, MDCT, as the fastest, most economical, and most widely available modality, is the examination of choice, if a stand-alone technique is required. If inconclusive, PET/CT or MRI may offer additional insights. Whole-body FDG PET/CT may be more accurate for supradiaphragmatic metastatic extension.

title: XXXX in Primary @entity43 : Comparison Between MDCT, MRI, and 18F-FDG PET/CT.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Inhaled @entity842 (iNO) is an important therapy for @entity649 ( @entity649 ), @entity120 and pediatric @entity1576 . Safety concerns regarding iNO and @entity8 have been reported; however, there are currently no systematic reviews on this issue. Our objective was to evaluate published @entity23 ( @entity23 ) to ascertain the risk of @entity8 associated with iNO therapy in @entity1 with and without @entity649 . METHODS: A systematic review of databases was performed to identify @entity23 which compared iNO with controls up to September 2014. Effect estimates for risk ratio (RR) of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) were pooled using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Ten @entity23 involving 1363 @entity1 were included. Inhaled @entity842 significantly increased the risk of @entity810 compared with controls (RR, 1.4, 95%CI, 1.06 to 1.83, p   =   0.02). In the stratified analysis, a high cumulative-dose of iNO significantly increased the risk of @entity810 (RR, 1.52, 95%CI, 1.14 to 2.02, p   =   0.004), whereas medium and low cumulative-doses did not (RR, 0.64, 95%CI, 0.23 to 1.81 and RR, 0.56, 95%CI, 0.11 to 2.86 respectively). In subgroup analysis by study population, an increased risk of @entity810 was observed in @entity1 with @entity649 (RR, 1.55, 95%CI, 1.15 to 2.09, p   =   0.005) but not in those without (RR, 0.90, 95%CI, 0.49 to 1.67, p   =   0.75). CONCLUSIONS: The available data show that iNO therapy may increase the risk of @entity8 , especially with prolonged use and in @entity1 with @entity649 . The risk in pediatric population is unknown owing to limited data. We suggest monitoring renal function during iNO therapy, and that future trials of iNO should evaluate renal safety.

title: Inhaled XXXX therapy and risk of @entity8 : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxemic respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: Mortality up to 1 January 1983 has been studied in 14,106 @entity1 with @entity1691 given a single course of X-ray treatment during 1935-54. For @entity5 other than @entity1778 or @entity694 , mortality was 28% greater than that of members of the general population of England and Wales, and this increase is likely to have been a direct consequence of the treatment. The proportional increase reached a maximum of 71% between 10.0 and 12.4 years after irradiation and then declined. There was only a 7% increase in mortality from these @entity5 more than 25.0 years after irradiation and only for @entity5 of the oesophagus was the relative risk significantly raised in this period. Neither the magnitude of the relative risk, nor its temporal pattern following treatment, were greatly influenced by the age of the @entity1 at first treatment. For @entity1778 there was a threefold increase in mortality that is also likely to have been due to the radiotherapy. The relative risk was at its highest between 2.5 and 4.9 years after the treatment and then declined, but the increase did not disappear completely, and the risk was still nearly twice that of the general population more than 25.0 years after treatment. There was some evidence that the risks of acute myeloid, acute lymphatic, and @entity1860 were all increased, but no evidence of any @entity1072 . The relative risk appeared to be greatest for @entity3052 . For @entity694 , which is associated with @entity1511 through a common association with @entity31 , mortality was increased by 30%. For non-neoplastic conditions there was a 51% increase in mortality that was likely to be associated with the disease itself rather than its treatment. The increase was apparent for a wide range of diseases and was not confined to diseases that have been associated clinically with @entity1691 .

title: Long term mortality after a single treatment course with X-rays in XXXX treated for @entity1691 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['increase in chronic lymphatic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukaemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To review the management of @entity1321 associated with @entity13374 , the authors studied the records of 368 @entity1 with @entity1321 . Most @entity1 (83%) had gynecologic @entity5 . Obstruction of the small intestines was more common than obstruction of the large intestines (77% versus 23%). Major causes of mechanical small @entity1744 included extrinsic @entity5 (62%, mostly @entity43 ), radiation therapy-associated strictures and adhesions (17%), @entity86 (14%), and inflammatory strictures and adhesions (3%). Obstruction of the colon was caused mainly by extrinsic @entity5 (45%), strictures and adhesions associated with radiation therapy (26%), fecal impaction (9%), and intrinsic @entity5 (8%). Gastrointestinal intubation successfully relieved 81% of small @entity1744 caused by @entity86 . Tube suction alone was rarely successful when the obstruction was caused by @entity5 . The prognosis was dependent on the cause of the underlying disease. The cases studied in this report were compared with a large number of cases of @entity1744 in general surgery. It is concluded that @entity1744 associated with @entity13374 has unique features deserving wider recognition.

title: Mechanical @entity1321 in @entity1 with XXXX : a review of 368 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['gynecologic disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasms', 'neoplasms', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction', 'acute intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesions']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction', 'bowel obstructions']

answer: @entity13374 :: (MESH:D005831,Disease) :: ['gynecologic disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is the predominant histological type of @entity2 , accounting for up to 85% of cases. Disease stage is commonly used to determine adjuvant treatment eligibility of @entity1149 @entity1 , however, it is an imprecise predictor of the prognosis of an individual @entity1 . Currently, many researchers resort to microarray technology for identifying relevant genetic prognostic markers, with particular attention on trimming or extending a Cox regression model. @entity420 ( @entity420 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are two major histology subtypes of @entity1149 . It has been demonstrated that fundamental differences exist in their underlying mechanisms, which motivated us to postulate the existence of specific genes related to the prognosis of each histology subtype. RESULTS: In this article, we propose a simple filter feature selection algorithm with a Cox regression model as the base. Applying this method to real-world microarray data identifies a histology-specific prognostic gene signature. Furthermore, the resulting 32-gene (32/12 for @entity420 / @entity957 ) prognostic signature for early-stage @entity420 and @entity957 samples has superior predictive ability relative to two relevant prognostic signatures, and has comparable performance with signatures obtained by applying two state-of-the art algorithms separately to @entity420 and @entity957 samples. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposal is conceptually simple, and straightforward to implement. Furthermore, it can be easily adapted and applied to a range of other research settings. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Leonid Hanin (nominated by Dr. Lev Klebanov), Limsoon Wong and @entity1178 Yu.

title: Test on existence of histology subtype-specific prognostic signatures among XXXX and @entity957 @entity1 using a Cox-model based filter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'SCC']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'AC']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['early stage lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: A rational approach can be taken in the dental office to @entity155 and replantation. Consideration must be given to: Extraoral time. During this critical time, the prognosis for successful replantation noticeably decreases as the out-of-mouth time increases. Transport. Preferably the tooth will be transported in the socket, but milk or water may be used to keep the tooth moist. The buccal vestibule may be recommended for adults and teenagers but not for young @entity1 . Root surface. The root surface must not be handled, scraped, brushed, or have any part removed; it can be rinsed with sterile water, saline, or tap water but not with caustic solutions, disinfectants, or medicaments to clean the surface. Endodontic treatment. A tooth with an open apex should be evaluated bimonthly for revitalization. A tooth with a fully formed apex should have the pulp removed in 7 to 14 days after @entity155 . Status of the alveolar process. @entity174 may require a modified splint design to provide additional strength for a longer splinting duration. Obturation materials. @entity6086 paste is used for a minimum of 6 to 24 months before filling permanently with gutta-percha. Selection of a splint. Each case is different and should be treated as such. Special consideration must be given to splint design, which will directly influence the desired result. Although any number of splints may be effective, inherent advantages and disadvantages of each should be understood fully by the clinician. This is where the art, the clinical experience, and the common sense of endodontic therapy dictate the proper splint and appropriate duration of splinting for the @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Splinting and replantation after traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Alveolar fractures']

entities_list: @entity6086 :: ('MESH:D002126', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium hydroxide']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

answer: @entity155 :: (MESH:D014084,Disease) :: ['avulsion']


abstract: Genetic and cellular heterogeneity is one of mechanisms involved in increasing @entity5 during @entity5 progression. Development of drug-resistant @entity5 cell subpopulations is a major problem in clinical oncology. Multi-drug resistant @entity5 cells survive when exposed to cytotoxic agents. Here, we studied in a three-dimensional (3D) coculture system, called "ex vivo nodules", how drug-resistant and sensitive @entity5 cells settle down in a 3D space. For this, we cocultured @entity632 -sensitive (MCF-7S) and -resistant (MCF-7R) @entity1 @entity0 cells in long term nodules. We showed that both types of cells are able to grow separately or in coculture until five weeks in spheroidal forms. MCF-7R cells did not loose their multi-drug resistance when cultured in nodules as measured by RT-PCR. Curiously, the exterior aspects of mixed (MCF-7S/ MCF-7R) nodules and MCF-7R nodules were similar whereas MCF-7S nodules were completely different. Nevertheless, morphologically these three nodule types were distinct, in particular in their density. Immunostaining showed that in mixed nodules, MCF-7R cells were arranged at the periphery, whereas the MCF-7S cells are in the central part of the nodules. Even if the mechanism of this arrangement remained unclear, this work shows that three-dimensional cell culture is well adapted to the study of the relationships between adhesion mechanisms and drug-resistance.

title: Spatial organization of three-dimensional cocultures of @entity632 -sensitive and -resistant @entity1 XXXX MCF-7 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour aggressiveness', 'neoplastic', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Early onset @entity2048 have been considered a rare heterogeneous group with a poor prognosis. Only few @entity1 may be categorized into well-known syndromes. We have evaluated electroclinical features, evolution, and the nosologic boundaries of early onset @entity2048 . METHODS: Forty-six neurologically normal @entity1 with @entity2048 associated with bilateral, synchronic, or asynchronic, and symmetric or asymmetric spike-and-wave paroxysms with onset in the first 3 years of life were included. @entity1 with abnormal neurologic examination and brain imaging were excluded from the study. KEY FINDINGS: In our study, 39 @entity1 met the clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) criteria of well-defined @entity302 . @entity2048 was found in 11 @entity1 , @entity3148 in @entity950 in 18 @entity1 , eyelid @entity3148 in 4, and @entity302 with @entity3148 in 6. We did not find clinical and EEG criteria of well-recognized @entity302 in seven @entity1 . Nine of 11 @entity1 with simple @entity2048 became @entity410 free. All these @entity1 had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations. Of the 35 @entity1 who had @entity2048 associated with @entity410 , 20 became @entity410 free. Fifteen of 35 @entity1 continue having @entity410 . At the last visit, 20 of these 35 @entity1 had normal neurologic and neuropsychological evaluations, 11 presented with mild @entity1032 , and 4 with severe @entity1032 . SIGNIFICANCE: @entity302 with @entity2048 of early onset are relatively uncommon. Most of the @entity1 had well-defined @entity302 with a variable evolution. The evolution depended on the @entity302 .

title: XXXX in the first 3 years of life: an electroclinical study of 46 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsies', 'epilepsy', 'epileptic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity2048 :: ('MESH:D004832', 'Disease') :: ['absence seizures', 'Childhood absence epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic absences', 'benign myoclonic epilepsy', 'myoclonic epilepsy']

answer: @entity2048 :: (MESH:D004832,Disease) :: ['Absence seizures']


abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to explore the @entity1066 healing properties of three dosage schedules of different strengths of topically administered @entity6478 solution in thermally produced skin @entity1066 on the side of the midline on the back of the @entity95 . Four circular thermal burns about 4.0 cm in diameter (two on either side of the midline) were made 4.0 cm apart on the pre shaved back of each anaesthetized (with @entity4490 sod., 45 mg/kg, ip) @entity95 with a heated template, applied for 30 sec. Three days later under anaesthesia, the burns were excised removing epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The animals were randomly divided into various groups. @entity1066 on one side of the midline were treated with normal saline and served as control, whereas those on the other side were treated with @entity6478 solutions. Each @entity1066 was observed for its size, slough formation and any sign of irritation on alternate days until healing was complete. Healing of @entity1066 were significantly delay in comparison to control group with all the strength of @entity6478 (0.02%, 0.5% and 1%) in all the dosage schedule (o.d., b.i.d. and q.i.d.) in terms of days required for complete healing (except with b.i.d. dosage schedule of 0.5% _ q.i.d. dosage schedule of 1% @entity6478 solution), @entity1066 size and area under the size time curve (except with b.i.d. _q.i.d. dosage schedule of 1% @entity6478 solution). Thus, it is concluded that unlike mechanical @entity1066 topical @entity6478 delays wound repair in @entity75 .

title: Topical XXXX delays healing of deep thermal wounds in albino @entity95 .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep burn lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

answer: @entity6478 :: (MESH:D000584,Chemical) :: ['amiloride']


abstract: The triple assessment in the pre-operative evaluation of @entity0 has been practiced in some hospitals in Tanzania. However, its validity and reliability has not been evaluated in any hospital in the country including the study area. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania to determine the validity, reliability and applicability of triple assessment as an alternative to conventional open biopsy in the pre-operative diagnosis of @entity0 . A total of 212 female @entity1 aged 35 years and above were studied. All @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation, mammography and fine needle aspiration cytology. Histopathology was done to confirm the diagnosis. One hundred and twenty (56.6%) @entity1 with a median age of 36 years had benign lesions and the remaining ninety-two (43.4%) with a median age of 47 years had @entity0 (P = 0.002). With triple assessment, 92 @entity1 were diagnostic for @entity5 and 120 benign, respectively confirmed by histopathology. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value and Accuracy were 100.0%. There were no false positive or false negative results. The Kappa statistic for the combination was 1.0 implying excellent agreement with histopathology. The majority of @entity1 (59.9%) underwent triple assessment on the same day with results being available to the @entity1 within 24 to 72 hours. The triple assessment is an accurate and quick method for the evaluation of @entity0 and can be applied as a safe alternative for open biopsy when it is concordant.

title: Triple assessment as a preoperative diagnostic tool for XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre in northwestern Tanzania.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Herein, we report clinical, radiological, and follow-up results of seven cases of @entity705 and highlight the importance of rare and unusual properties of unusual locations of @entity705 . Seven @entity1 with @entity705 were treated in our institution (Antalya Memorial Hospital) between the period of February 2009 and March 2014 were reported. The @entity1 were classified according to the localization, symptomatology, and the presence of neurovascular involvement or organ compression. The results were discussed with the existing literature data. Five of our @entity1 had unusual symptomatology. Surgical excision was performed on six of seven @entity1 . One @entity1 was followed with scheduled outpatient visits alone. Our clinical follow-up results were good to excellent. In our case series, one @entity1 with clavicular involvement had impaired shoulder mechanic which resulted in @entity158 , while another with pubic ramus involvement had obstructive urination symptoms and @entity3833 . One @entity1 with scapular involvement had snapping scapula symptoms, while two @entity1 with fibular head involvement had @entity2850 and @entity2850 symptoms in each. One @entity1 with ischial ramus involvement had sciatica, whereas another with first rib involvement had radiological evidences for subclavian @entity2850 without any symptom. Based our experience, the flat bones which are usually ossified by intramembranous type of ossification during the fetal period (including the scapula, ilium, pubic ramus, ischium ramus, ribs and clavicle) are much less commonly affected and often have unusual symptoms. The @entity705 originating from the fibular head may seem innocent to an orthopedic surgeon. However, an orthopedic surgeon should be alert to tibiofibular @entity2850 in this @entity1 population.

title: XXXX originating from unusual locations complicating orthopedic discipline: case series.

entities_list: @entity705 :: ('MESH:D015831', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondromas', 'extraordinary located osteochondromas']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['peroneal nerve compression', 'artery compression due to osteochondroma', 'tibial nerve compression', 'synostosis and nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['painful shoulder']

answer: @entity705 :: (MESH:D015831,Disease) :: ['Osteochondromas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity124 ( @entity124 ) is a biological characteristic of most @entity5 involved in @entity14 ( @entity14 ). This disease appears to be caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, which are responsible for repairing single base-pair mismatches. At least five @entity1 genes participate in MMR. @entity124 also occurs in 10%-15% of sporadic @entity14 . Because @entity124 has been suggested as an alternative diagnostic tool for identification of @entity14 families, in this study we analyzed the @entity124 pattern in 100 consecutive @entity14 in order to correlate them with the clinicopathologic features and family histories of the @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A series of 100 @entity14 was evaluated for @entity124 with 10 polymerase chain reaction primer sets. Instability results were compared with family history and other clinical and biological characteristics. RESULTS: @entity124 was detected in 36 of 100 @entity5 , 27 of which showed low instability and nine a high instability. The low- and high-instability cases showed similar clinicopathological characteristics, and significantly positive associations were observed between @entity124 and mucinous histological type (P = 0.0001) and @entity124 and peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (P = 0.01). A single @entity14 family was identified in the high-grade @entity124 group, while two families belonged to the @entity124 -negative group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity124 screening is probably not an efficient strategy for identifying @entity14 cases. @entity124 does, however, appear capable of defining a category of @entity14 with favourable prognostic features and should be investigated at least in all cases of @entity3079 .

title: The value of microsatellite instability in the detection of @entity14 families and of sporadic XXXX with special biological features: an investigation on a series of 100 consecutive cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['MI detection', 'Microsatellite instability', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity3079 :: ('MESH:D002288', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'HNPCC', 'colorectal carcinomas', 'hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding, small RNAs, which play a critical role in regulating varieties of the biological and pathologic processes. MiR-196a has been reported to take part in tumorigenic progression of @entity421 ( @entity421 ). However, the effects of miR-196a on @entity421 are still unclear. The objective of this study is to investigate the molecular mechanism of miR-196a in @entity421 cells. In the present study, the expression of miR-196a in @entity421 cell lines was detected by real-time PCR. We found that the expression level of miR-196a was markedly up-regulated in @entity421 cell lines compared with normal osteoblastic cells. Then, the miR-196a mimic was transiently transfected into MG63 and @entity1 cells using @entity496 reagent. Subsequently, the @entity98 and Brdu-ELISA results showed that up-regulation of miR-196a promoted the cell viability and proliferation. Our results also showed that miR-196a mimic accelerated cell cycle progression of MG63 and @entity1 cells by down regulation of @entity3544 and @entity5438 , and upregulation of @entity4910 . In addition, overexpression of miR-196a suppressed apoptosis of MG63 and @entity1 cells due to increasing @entity6577 and @entity2423 expressions, and then inactivating @entity522 . Eventually, the effect of miR-196a mimic on the @entity10241 ( @entity10241 )/ @entity584 signaling pathway was explored by Western blot. From our results, transfection of miR-196a decreased the expression of @entity983 and increased the phosphorylation of @entity10241 and @entity584 . Taken together, miR-196a should be an oncogene in @entity421 . The possible mechanism was that overexpression of miR-196a promoted proliferation of MG63 and @entity1 cells by modulating the @entity983 / @entity10241 / @entity584 signaling pathway.

title: MicroRNA-196a overexpression promotes cell proliferation and inhibits cell apoptosis through @entity983 / XXXX /FOXO1 pathway.

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity10241 :: ('5295', 'Gene') :: ['PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase', 'PI3K']

entities_list: @entity496 :: ('MESH:C086724', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipofectamine    2000']

answer: @entity584 :: (207,Gene) :: ['Akt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fever and @entity1398 (FN) is a common complication of @entity5 treatment, but hospital utilization patterns for this condition are not well described. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID), an all-payer US hospital database, for 2009. Pediatric FN @entity1 were identified using: age  <=19  years, urgent or emergent admit type, non-transferred, and a combination of ICD-9-CM codes for @entity221 and @entity1398 . Sampling weights were used to permit national inferences. RESULTS: @entity5 @entity1 accounted for 1.5 % of pediatric hospital discharges in 2009 (n   =   110,967), with 10.1 % of @entity5 -related discharges meeting FN criteria (n   =   11,261). Two-fifths of FN discharges had a "short length of stay" ( @entity851 ) of  <=3  days, which accounted for approximately  65.5 million in hospital charges. @entity1729 (6.0 %) and @entity697 ( @entity697 ) (3.7 %) were the most common @entity281 associated with @entity851 . Factors significantly associated with @entity851 included living in the Midwest region (OR   =   1.65, 1.22-2.24) or West region (OR 1.54, 1.11-2.14) versus Northeast, having a diagnosis of @entity697 (OR   =   1.39, 1.03-1.87) or @entity1800 (OR   =   1.63, 1.18-2.25) versus those without those comorbidities, and having a soft tissue @entity242 (OR   =   1.47, 1.05-2.04), @entity978 (OR   =   2.33, 1.62-3.35), or an @entity43 (OR   =   1.76, 1.05-2.95) compared with @entity1 without these diagnoses. CONCLUSION: FN represents a common precipitant for hospitalizations among @entity5 @entity1 . @entity851 admissions are rarely associated with serious @entity281 , but contribute substantially to the burden of hospitalization for pediatric FN.

title: Hospital discharges for @entity221 and XXXX in @entity5 @entity1 : United States, 2009.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian/testicular tumor']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute otitis media', 'AOM']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'cancer', 'Pediatric cancer']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['Upper respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity1398 :: (MESH:D009503,Disease) :: ['neutropenia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND @entity2176 -resistant enterococci (VRE) have spread worldwide. OBJECTIVE To systematically review VRE outbreaks and estimate the pooled basic reproductive rate (R0) of VRE. METHODS Eligible studies criteria were (1) published within 10 years, (2) report outbreak details, (3) involve 1 center, (4) estimate epidemic duration, and (5) concern adults. Descriptive analysis included number of index cases, secondary cases, and screened @entity1 ; infection control measures; and definition of contact @entity1 . R0 was estimated by the equation R 0=(ln2) D/t d+1, with D as the generation time and t d as the doubling time. RESULTS Thirteen VRE outbreaks were retained from 180 articles and, among them, 10 were kept for R0 calculation. The mean (range) number of index cases was 2.3 (1-8) and the mean (range) number of secondary cases was 15 (3-56). The mean (range) number of screened @entity1 was 174 (32-509), with pooled VRE prevalence of 5.4% (95% CI, 4.5%-6.3%). Contact precautions were reported in 12 studies (92%), wards were closed in 7 (54%), with cohorting in 6 (46%). Two major screening policies were implemented: (1) a surveillance program in the unit or hospital (7 studies [54%]) and (2) screening of selected contact @entity1 (6 studies [46%]). The pooled R0 of VRE was 1.32 (interquartile range, 1.03-1.46). CONCLUSION We discerned considerable heterogeneity in screening policies during VRE outbreaks. Pooled R 0 was higher than 1, confirming the epidemic nature of VRE. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):289-394.

title: Outbreaks of XXXX -Resistant Enterococci in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review and Calculation of the Basic Reproductive Number.

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['Vancomycin']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: One hundred two @entity1 with cervico-facial @entity2347 were treated with surgery alone, radiotherapy alone or both from 1951 to 1980. All the cases have a 5-year minimum follow-up. The local control rate is 55.5% at 5 years and 37.7% at 10 years. The 5-year local control rate is 44% with surgery alone, 65.8% with radiotherapy alone and 77.8% with post-operative radiotherapy. The difference between surgery alone and radiosurgical association is significant (p less than 0.01). The bone involvement diminished local control rate (32.2%/k 68.8%). The 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 who recurred and have been retreated is 70.5%. The 5-year survival rate of the @entity1 after the appearance of a @entity3 is 38.1% and 2 @entity1 have survived more than 10 years. The NED 5-year survival rate is 48.8%. There is no significant difference in the NED 5-year survival rate according to sites or treatments. The crude 5-year survival rate is 70%, 51.4% at 10 years and 32.2% at 15 years. Our study shows that @entity2347 have a peculiar and slow evolution. Surgery with post-operative radiotherapy obtains the best local control. These results and the radiosensibility of these lesions allow us to propose an aggressive treatment for the recurrence and the @entity5 of the directly metastatic @entity1 .

title: Cervico-facial XXXX : study of 102 cases. Influence of radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7365 Background: Phase III trials evaluating @entity902 -based chemotherapy (CT) have recently challenged the standard option of radiotherapy (WBRT) in the treatment of @entity1149 pts presenting with brain metastases. Although the current options are often driven by the clinical status (e.g. BM symptoms) and the local practice (e.g. referred specialist and hospital resources), the common approach including WBRT followed by CT could not represent the treatment of choice when BM symptoms are absent or controlled by supportive therapy. To analyze the decision-tree by which the participating Institutions guided the treatment choices and to evaluate the activity of CT as frontline treatment in an unselected @entity1 population presenting with BM at diagnosis, we conducted the present survey. METHODS: This preliminary analysis includes a subset of 49 pts fulfilling the following criteria: pathologic proof of @entity1149 , stage IV with BM at first diagnosis, age <=  80 yrs, ECOG PS <=  2, eligibility for @entity902 -based regimens. @entity1 characteristics included median age 63 yrs (range 35-77), median @entity3666 , histology: 32 adeno, 11 squamous, 6 undifferentiated. BMs were the unique site of @entity3 in 22% of pts, multiple sites were found in 57% of cases. The first treatment choice included CT in 27 pts and local treatment (WBRT or surgery) followed by CT in 22. @entity902 -based CT included @entity136 in 39 pts. RESULTS: The choice of treatment was mainly guided by BM symptoms with CT selected in 38% vs 74% of pts, whether or not symptoms were present. Regardless of treatment, the overall BM response was 41% (33% vs 50% for CT and local treatment subgroups, respectively). For the general population the overall response, PFS and @entity1685 were 36%, 7 and 11 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary analysis emphasizes the worth of clinical presentation in the decision making process. The activity of CT alone in BM control is confirmed also in the current practice. The optimal treatment choice for pts presenting with BM should deserve prospective evaluation. A subset analysis will be presented. (Supported by FORO) No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: First treatment choice for @entity1 (pts) with advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ) presenting with brain @entity3 (BM): A preliminary report of a multi-institutional survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['Platinum', 'platinum']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) remains a significant problem in limited @entity151 (LD- @entity4153 ) @entity1 treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Dose-escalation may be a way forward to reduce the failure rate. However, the risk of @entity137 rises with increasing doses. Knowledge on factors associated with @entity177 could aid the selection of @entity1 for more aggressive treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate factors correlated with @entity177 in a cohort of LD- @entity4153 @entity1 treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy. Moreover, factors associated with improved survival were investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We included 147 consecutive LD- @entity4153 @entity1 treated from 2007 to 2013. Radiotherapy was delivered as either 45 Gy in 1.5-Gy fractions twice daily or 46-50 Gy in 2-Gy fractions once daily. Chemotherapy was @entity2879 combined with either @entity3003 or @entity900 given mainly concomitantly with radiotherapy. Pattern of first failure and survival were evaluated retrospectively. @entity7184 ( @entity7184 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The impact of covariates on @entity177 and @entity1349 was evaluated by using Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: With a median follow-up time of 42.2 months, 37 @entity1 experienced @entity177 as first failure. Isolated @entity177 was seen in 16 @entity1 , but no isolated regional failure was seen. The @entity7184 rate was 22% at 1-year and 43% at 3-years. N3-stage was an independent prognostic factor correlated with @entity177 development (p = 0.043). Median @entity1349 was 24.1 months (95% CI 19-29 months) and a three-year survival of 34%. Prognostic factors associated with improved @entity1349 were staging including a positron emission tomography (PET) scan (p = 0.004) and receiving prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: N3-stage was an independent prognostic factor for @entity177 . Receiving a pretreatment PET scan and receiving PCI were prognostic factors for improved @entity1349 . Reduction in @entity177 may be achieved with dose-escalation in @entity1 with N3-stage. This can be evaluated in prospective dose-escalation trials.

title: Evaluation of factors associated with loco-regional failure and survival in limited XXXX @entity1 treated with chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['Cumulative LRF', 'CLRF']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Loco-regional failure', 'LRF']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['disease small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['disease small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Background. @entity73 is a highly prevalent, poorly managed, and disabling consequence of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). Exercise training that improves physical fitness represents a promising approach for managing @entity73 in @entity1 with @entity15 . There is limited evidence that physical fitness is associated with multiple domains of @entity73 across levels of @entity717 . Objective. This cross-sectional study examined the associations among aerobic capacity, lower limb muscle strength, and cognitive functions in @entity1 with mild, moderate, and severe @entity717 . Methods. The sample included 62 @entity1 with mild (n = 20), moderate (n = 21), and severe (n = 21) @entity717 . The @entity1 underwent neuropsychological assessments of cognitive processing speed (CPS; Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]), verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test-2 [CVLT-2]), and visual memory (Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised [BVMT-R]). All @entity1 further underwent testing for measuring aerobic capacity (ie, peak @entity26 consumption) and muscular strength (ie, peak torque of knee flexors and extensors). Results. Aerobic capacity and muscular strength outcomes were associated with SDMT (r = .35-.41), but not CVLT-2 or BVMT-R (r < .19) scores in the overall sample. Aerobic capacity (r = .42) and knee flexor peak torque (r = .39) were associated with SDMT scores in @entity1 with mild disability, but not in those with moderate (r < .06) and severe (r < .14) disability. Conclusions. These results support examining aerobic and resistance exercise training programs for improving CPS, particularly among @entity1 with mild @entity717 .

title: Association Between Physical Fitness and Cognitive Function in XXXX : Does Disability Status Matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive dysfunction', 'Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['MS disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['Multiple Sclerosis']


abstract: Factors influencing fetal and childhood growth may affect a @entity1 's risk of developing @entity161 . Associations of size at birth and body size in young adulthood with @entity161 and other nonaffective psychoses were assessed in a cohort of 334,577 Swedish male conscripts born in 1973-1980 for whom linked birth, census, hospital admission, and adult height and weight data were available. Complete data on all study variables were available for 246,655 subjects. Over a mean 3.4-year follow-up beginning at age 18 years, 80 subjects developed @entity161 and 124 developed other nonaffective psychoses. A reverse J-shaped association was found between gestation-adjusted birth weight and @entity161 . The hazard ratios were 7.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.59, 31.10) for males of low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 3.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.68, 6.74) for those of high birth weight (>4.0 kg). Birth weight was not strongly related to other nonaffective psychoses. Taller males had a reduced risk of @entity716 . The lowest risks were seen for low birth weight males who became tall adults. The associations with birth weight indicate that fetal exposures, including possible effects of gestational @entity6 , are important in the etiology of @entity716 . The role of childhood exposures, as indexed by adult height and body mass index, appears to be less strong.

title: Patterns of fetal and childhood growth and the development of XXXX in young males: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity1 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity12967 wounds including @entity2982 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity1158 (motor score  =  57), @entity1109 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity73 sense on the left, and @entity1736 and @entity15496 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity548 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity1317 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity1 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity4889 . @entity4820 is common in @entity602 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity4889 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity2980 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity4820 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity1566 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity548 or @entity1317 and to clinically correlate @entity602 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity1 is an important element of @entity1566 education. Commonly, @entity1 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: XXXX without @entity1317 associated with @entity4820 after a stab injury to the neck.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['multiple stab']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome', 'Brown-S  quard syndromes']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired joint position']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['impaired pinprick sensation']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['cord damage', 'spinal cord lesions']

entities_list: @entity2982 :: ('MESH:D020197', 'Disease') :: ['penetrating injury']

entities_list: @entity2980 :: ('MESH:D014951', 'Disease') :: ['stab wounds']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['left ptosis']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome", "Horner's syndromes"]

answer: @entity4889 :: (MESH:D018455,Disease) :: ['Brown-S  quard syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy is used in the treatment of @entity1 and adolescents with @entity5 . Some of the chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic and may cause a number of side effects. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects on hearing in @entity5 survivors who had received @entity902 -based chemotherapy in childhood or adolescence. PROCEDURE: Medical records of 297 @entity1 , who had received treatment for @entity5 at the @entity1 's Hospital, Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland between 1981 and 2006, were retrospectively reviewed. Fifteen subjects fulfilled the eligibility criteria for the study and underwent an extended audiometric evaluation. RESULTS: The results showed that three of the subjects had a high frequency @entity393 . In one subject, we observed a hearing recovery just after the completion of chemotherapy, but the hearing deteriorated again some years later. Nine of the 15 subjects (60%) had @entity392 after the @entity5 treatment. An evaluation of subjective @entity393 and handicap (The Hearing Measurements Scale) revealed that some subjects had great difficulties with hearing in certain situations. The Hearing Measurement Scale showed that the pure-tone audiogram findings were only partly associated with the apparent hearing difficulties. CONCLUSION: Regular follow-up hearing examinations, which include both pure-tone audiogram investigations and subjective @entity393 assessments, should be performed during and after chemotherapy to identify subjects who require particular attention. This will ensure that @entity393 individuals are provided with the most suitable listening devices, to promote good speech and social development.

title: Hearing impairment after XXXX -based chemotherapy in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing disability', 'hearing loss', 'hearing impaired']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gout is a chronic @entity32 the development of which is associated with @entity28 -induced @entity209 . However, a substantial number of @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index [BMI] <25  kg/m(2)) also develop @entity210 in Korea. It was suggested that accumulation of visceral fat rather than subcutaneous fat is associated with @entity209 and @entity5052 in @entity1 with @entity210 ; therefore, we hypothesized that visceral fat accumulation was @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three male @entity1 with @entity210 and 204 age-matched healthy controls who attended a health check-up examination were recruited after the review of medical charts. The visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method, and a VFA >100  cm(2) was defined as visceral fat @entity28 (VFO). The frequency of VFO was compared in @entity1 and control groups. The frequencies of @entity209 and related parameters were also investigated. RESULTS: BMI, waist circumference, total fat mass, serum @entity1674 , and serum @entity413 levels were significantly greater in @entity1 compared with controls. VFA and the prevalence of VFO was increased in @entity210 @entity1 compared with controls. There were positive correlations between VFA and serum @entity412 levels and serum @entity413 levels. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that VFO is an independent risk factor for @entity210 (odds ratio 2.488, 95% confidence interval 1.041-4.435). In @entity28 subgroup analyses ( @entity210 @entity1 , n   =   38; healthy controls, n   =   150), VFA (98.7        19.3 vs. 91.0        16.7, P   =   0.016) and the frequency of VFO (47.4 vs. 27.3%, P   =   0.017) remained significantly higher in @entity210 @entity1 . There was no difference in either BMI or total fat mass between @entity1 and controls in the @entity28 subgroup. The prevalence of @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity210 was 31.7% (33/104), compared with 13.2% (5/38) in the @entity28 subgroup according to modified ATP III criteria. CONCLUSION: VFO, measured using BIA, is observed more frequently in @entity1 with @entity210 compared with healthy controls, even in @entity28 individuals. Therefore, VFO might more properly represent metabolic derangements in @entity1 with @entity28 .

title: Visceral fat @entity28 is highly associated with XXXX in a metabolically obese but normal weighted population: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['gout than general obesity', 'obesity', 'increased in non-obese gout', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'primary gout']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['primary gout']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity396 (a synthetic analogue of @entity5015 ) and @entity4444 in the treatment of @entity2275 was evaluated. Thirty-two @entity1 with endoscopically proven @entity2275 were randomized, in a double-blind manner, in one of three groups that received four daily doses of either @entity396 , 50 or 200 micrograms, or @entity4444 , 300 mg. @entity1066 healing was assessed endoscopically after 4 weeks of treatment. The three groups were fairly comparable in their @entity167 and @entity5834 intake, previous @entity1066 history and @entity1066 size. A relatively high proportion of @entity1 in the @entity4444 -treated group was smokers. Only one @entity1 was withdrawn from the study. On the @entity396 low dose, healing of the @entity1066 was observed in 20% of the @entity1 . In contrast, healing on the high dose of @entity396 (70%) was not significantly different from that on @entity4444 (73%). No important clinical side effects were observed in any of the @entity1 . These results (part of a multicenter, international study) suggest that the divided daily dose of 800 micrograms @entity396 is safe and effective in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 .

title: Comparison of @entity396 and @entity4444 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity5015 :: ('MESH:D000527', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E1']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity2275 :: (MESH:D013276,Disease) :: ['gastric ulcer']


abstract: A 72-year-old Japanese @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of right upper-quadrant @entity490 , blood in his stool, and symptoms of @entity417 . On physical examination a hard mass, about 6 cm in diameter, was palpable in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Computed tomography revealed a @entity1086 which had invaded the transverse colon, with liver @entity3 . We diagnosed @entity1086 , stage IVB. Colonoscopy was performed for persistent blood in the stools. This revealed an elevated lesion which appeared to be an invasion of @entity1086 , with @entity548 from the right-side of the transverse colon. It proved difficult to stop this @entity548 by ordinary therapeutic endoscopy. In order to achieve hemostasis we therefore inserted a covered Ultraflex metallic stent to compress the @entity5 . After stent placement, blood was no longer seen in the @entity1 's stools, he became able to eat soft food and was discharged. This treatment was uninvasive and effective. Covered stent placement appears to be a new and useful method in the management of @entity548 from malignant @entity1820 .

title: Covered expandable metallic stent placement for hemostasis of colonic bleeding caused by invasion of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'diffuse bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']

answer: @entity1086 :: (MESH:D005706,Disease) :: ['gallbladder carcinoma']


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity565 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity281 and the exacerbation of @entity565 in adult @entity748 . @entity16 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity1729 cause @entity748 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity1 with @entity565 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity1729 on the exacerbation of @entity565 , comprised 92 @entity748 . The @entity1 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity1 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity1729 , the occurrence of @entity221 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity2490 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity1 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity565 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity1 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity1729 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity1 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity748 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity683 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity281 ) comprised 13 @entity1 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity764 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity112 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute @entity1729 , XXXX vaccination and airway reactivity in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Epithelial damage and airway inflammation']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections', 'respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity5 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity1978 -induced @entity105 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity19 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity1141 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity189 in situ and @entity957 developed after 28 weeks. @entity11517 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity189 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity6349 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity5 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity11517 proto-oncogene on @entity19 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity5 . @entity957 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity1613 and small @entity5 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity11517 activation, and initiation of @entity105 . The wild-type allele in @entity19 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity105 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity11517 ( @entity11517 ) point mutations are induced by XXXX in @entity19 oral squamous epithelia, @entity957 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

entities_list: @entity1978 :: ('MESH:D015112', 'Chemical') :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplastic transformation', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'Larger invasive squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas and 2 of 4 carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['preneoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['tumorigenesis']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['Dysplasia']

answer: @entity1978 :: (MESH:D015112,Chemical) :: ['4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide']


abstract: Seventy-two @entity1 with HBsAg-positive chronic @entity99 were studied for serum antibody to delta antigen (anti- @entity2033 ) by radioimmunoassay. Delta antigen (HDAg) in liver of the 72 @entity1 was also studied immunohistochemically using peroxidase-labeled anti- @entity2033 . In one of the 72 @entity1 , high titers of anti- @entity2033 and intrahepatic HDAg were detected. In this @entity1 , HDAg was localized mainly in nuclei and occasionally in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. By immunoelectron microscopy, HDAg was observed diffusely in some hepatocytic nuclei, but their nucleoli, perichromatin and heterochromatin were devoid of HDAg. Occasionally, inclusion body-like ring-shaped or irregularly shaped aggregates of HDAg were observed in nuclei. At higher magnification, these aggregates consisted of an HDAg-positive amorphous substance and microtubular structures. In their vicinity, scattered HDAg-positive granules were also present. By conventional electron microscopy, similar inclusion bodies composed of a clustered amorphous substance and microtubular structures 10-20 nm in diameter, together with 20-30 nm irregular granules were observed in hepatocyte nuclei, but no core of Dane particles were found. These novel intranuclear structures were not observed in other @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 . It is suggested that they may represent the characteristic ultrastructure associated with @entity4620 .

title: Intranuclear inclusion bodies in liver of chronic @entity1956 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity4620 :: ('MESH:D003699', 'Disease') :: ['delta infection']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity4620 :: (MESH:D003699,Disease) :: ['delta infection']


abstract: Cetuximab (Erbitux  ) targets the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) and is approved for treatment of @entity14 . Despite wide expression of @entity470 , only a subgroup of @entity5 @entity1 responds to cetuximab therapy. In the present study we assessed the cetuximab response in vivo of 79 @entity1 @entity1 -derived xenografts originating from five @entity5 histotypes. We analysed basic @entity5 characteristics including @entity470 expression and activation, mutational status of @entity984 , @entity817 and @entity8497 , the expression of @entity470 ligands and the activation of @entity7514 ( @entity7514 ) and the hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET. Based on these results, a cetuximab response score including positive and negative factors affecting therapeutic response is proposed. Positive factors are high expression and activation of @entity470 and its ligands epiregulin or @entity1915 , negative factors are markers for downstream pathway activation independent of @entity470 . In cetuximab resistant @entity9147 @entity420 LXFA 526 and LXFA 1647, overexpression due to gene amplification and strong activation of MET was identified. Knock-down of MET by siRNA in the corresponding cell lines showed that anchorage-independent growth and migration are dependent on MET. MET knock down sensitized LXFA 526L and LXFA 1647L to EGF. Combined treatments of a MET inhibitor and cetuximab were additive. Therefore, combination therapy of cetuximab and a MET inhibitor in selected @entity2 @entity1 could be of high clinical significance.

title: Primary resistance to cetuximab in a panel of @entity1 -derived XXXX xenograft models: activation of MET as one mechanism for drug resistance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal and head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumour']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the architecture of a ganglionated nerve plexus found in the loose connective tissue surrounding the pulmonary vein of the @entity19 . The input to this plexus was from the vagus nerves and from the stellate ganglia. A large ganglion containing more than 200 neurons was commonly found near the primary bifurcation of the pulmonary vein. The neurons were studied by @entity2125 -diaphorase, @entity51154 - @entity12925 and @entity11571 -induced @entity2922 fluorescence methods at the light microscopic level, by scanning electron microscopy after the removal of connective tissue, and by transmission electron microscopy. The shape of the neuronal cell bodies was generally a smooth ellipsoid with the average major @entity2270 about twice the minor @entity2270 . The measured maximum cell diameter ranged from 14 to 42 micron (mean 26 micron). The profile area of individual neurons, as measured from wholemount preparations, ranged from 100 to 800 micron2 (mean 340 micron2) and the calculated neuronal volume ranged from 500 to 12,000 micron3 (mean 3300 micron3). Although there was this wide spread in neuronal size, histograms of cell size showed no separate populations of neurons. Almost all of the ganglionic neuronal cell bodies showed no @entity2922 -specific fluorescence, but about 1% of the neurons exhibited a weak green fluorescence. Only a few noradrenergic nerve fibres were seen within the ganglia and these were associated with intraganglionic blood vessels. Small, intensely fluorescent cells were only rarely associated with the ganglia. Neurons and satellite cells formed units which were surrounded by an intraganglionic connective tissue space and a perineurium. Some of the intraganglionic capillaries were fenestrated. Neurons were entirely surrounded by satellite cells and did not appear to have any long dendrites. The generally smooth neuronal cell bodies had short spine-like processes, which were confined to within the satellite cell sheath. Preganglionic nerve fibres formed pericellular baskets of varicose fibres around neurons and made synapses either directly on the cell body or on somatic spines in about equal numbers. No synapses were found in the neuropil at a distance from the neuronal cell body. A few nerve processes were deeply embedded within the neuronal cell body. Clusters of vesicles were found in the cytoplasm of most neurons and were associated with subplasmalemmal densities. These synapse-like structures were mostly directed towards satellite cells, but some were associated with incoming synapses.

title: Fine structure of the autonomic ganglia of the XXXX pulmonary vein.

entities_list: @entity51154 :: ('MESH:C029770', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc iodide']

entities_list: @entity11571 :: ('MESH:C031150', 'Chemical') :: ['glyoxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']