abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic postconditioning (IPost) has aroused much attention since 2003 when it was firstly reported. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in IPost has rarely been reported. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether miRNAs were involved in the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 -reperfusion (IR) injury and the probable mechanisms involved. METHODS: Thirty SD @entity35 weighing 250-300 g were equally randomized to three groups: Control group, where the @entity35 were treated with thoracotomy only; IR group, where the @entity35 were treated with @entity63 for 60 min and reperfusion for 180 min; and IPost group, where the @entity35 were treated with 3 cycles of transient IR just before reperfusion. The extent of @entity583 , LDH and CK activities were measured immediately after treatment. Myocardial apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The myocardial tissue was collected after IR or IPost stimulation to evaluate the miRNAs expression level by miRNA-microarray and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Real-time PCR was conducted to identify changes in mRNA expression of apoptosis-related genes such as @entity1976 , @entity2310 and @entity2311 ( @entity2311 ), and Western blot was used to compare the protein expression level of @entity2311 in the three groups. The miRNA mimics and anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMO) were transferred into the cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes and myocardium before they were treated with IR. The effect of miRNAs on apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. @entity2311 , as one of the candidate target of @entity34513 , was compared during IR after the @entity34513 mimic or AMO-133a was transferred into the myocardium. RESULTS: IPost reduced the IR-induced @entity1188 size of the left ventricle, and decreased CK and LDH levels. TUNEL assay showed that myocardial apoptosis was attenuated by IPost compared with IR. MiRNA-microarray and RT-PCR showed that myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 were down-regulated by IR, and up-regulated by IPost compared with IR. Furthermore, IPost up-regulated the mRNA expression of @entity1976 , down-regulated that of @entity2310 and @entity2311 . Western blot showed that IPost also down-regulated the @entity2311 protein expression compared with IR. The results of flow cytometry and TUNEL assay showed that up-regulation of @entity34512 and @entity34513 decreased apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. @entity34513 mimic down-regulated @entity2311 protein expression and attenuated IR-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs are associated with the protective effect of IPost against @entity741 . IPost can up-regulate @entity34512 and @entity34513 , and decrease apoptosis of cardiomyocyte. Myocardial-specific @entity34512 and @entity34513 may play an important role in IPost protection by regulating apoptosis-related genes. @entity34513 may attenuate apoptosis of myocardiocytes by targeting @entity2311 .

title: Role of XXXX and @entity34513 in @entity741 postconditioning.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IR injury', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity34512 :: (100314077(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['miR-1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of childbearing with weight and waist circumference (WC) changes, we compared @entity1 with and without pregnancies or births during follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, longitudinal observational study over 10 years. Comparison groups defined by the number of pregnancies and births during follow-up: P0 (0 pregnancies; nongravid), P1 (1+ miscarriages or abortions; 'short' pregnancies), B1 (1 birth), and B2 (2+ births). Mean changes in weight and WC for P1, B1 and B2 groups vs P0 were examined separately by race (black and white), baseline parity (nulliparous and parous) and baseline weight status (normal weight; BMI <25 kg/m(2) and overweight; BMI >/=25 kg/m(2)). SUBJECTS: A population-based sample of 2070 @entity1 aged 18-30 y at baseline (1053 black subjects and 1017 white subjects) from Birmingham, Alabama, Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California were examined five times between 1985-1986 and 1995-1996. MEASUREMENTS: Weight and WC measurements were obtained using standardized protocol at baseline and examinations at years 2, 5, 7 and 10. Sociodemographic, reproductive, and behavioral attributes were assessed at baseline and follow-up examinations. RESULTS: Gains in weight and WC associated with pregnancy and childbearing varied by race (P<0.001), baseline parity (P<0.05) and overweight status (P<0.001). Among overweight nulliparas, excess gains in weight (black subjects: 3-5 kg, white subjects: 5-6 kg) and WC (black subjects: 3-4 cm, white subjects: 5-6 cm) were associated with 'short' pregnancies and one or more birth(s) during follow-up compared to no pregnancies (P<0.01 and 0.001). Among normal weight nulliparas, excess gains in weight (about 1 kg) and WC (2-3 cm) were associated with follow-up birth(s) (P<0.05). Among @entity1 parous at baseline, no excess @entity1017 were found, but excess WC gains (2-4 cm) were associated with follow-up births. CONCLUSION: Substantial excess @entity1017 is associated with both short pregnancies and a first birth in @entity1 overweight prior to initiation of childbearing. Excess @entity1017 was not associated with higher order births. Increases in waist girth were cumulative with both first and higher order births among overweight as well as normal weight @entity1 . Interventions to prevent @entity28 should be targeted at @entity1 who are overweight prior to initiation of childbearing. The impact of excess WC gains associated with childbearing on @entity1 's future health risk should be evaluated further.

title: XXXX in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA).

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain', 'weight gains']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['Excess gains']


abstract: Most esophageal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) express T-cell markers. Increased numbers of esophageal IELs have been shown in @entity354 . The cytotoxic potential and activity of esophageal IELs have not as yet been examined. Our objectives were to determine whether esophageal IELs express the recently described cytotoxic T-cell (CTLs) markers, @entity13433 and @entity10807 , and whether the number of CTLs correlates with well-defined endoscopic, clinical, and histological features of @entity2910 . In this study, most CD-3+ esophageal IELs exhibit the @entity405 +/ @entity13433 + T cell with cytotoxic potential phenotype in both histologically normal biopsy specimens and in biopsy specimens with @entity2910 . A subpopulation of esophageal IELs that express cytotoxic activity was identified by @entity10807 immunostaining. A significant positive association was found between the number of esophageal IELs seen by light microscopy in biopsy specimens with histological features of reflux (21 IELs/HPF) and @entity2910 (31 IELs/HPF) as compared with normal-appearing biopsy specimens (10 IELs/HPF) (P< or =.05). Furthermore, the number of @entity13433 or @entity10807 -positive IELs were significantly increased in biopsy specimens with @entity354 (34 and 15 cells/HPF) and @entity2910 (44 and 18 cells/HPF) as compared with normal (11 and 2 cells/HPF) (P< or =.05). @entity10807 and CD-3-positive IELs were also significantly elevated in biopsy specimens with reflux-associated @entity1373 (P< or =.05). Finally, biopsy specimens of @entity1 with @entity1282 and to a lesser extent @entity2210 /heartburn exhibited increased numbers of IELs bearing the cytotoxic phenotype when compared with asymptomatic @entity1 . In conclusion, we provide immunohistochemical evidence that most esophageal IELs exhibit the cytotoxic phenotype and that activated cytotoxic IELs are increased in reflux and @entity2910 .

title: Assessment and diagnostic utility of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype using the specific markers @entity10807 and XXXX in esophageal mucosal biopsies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis', 'Candida esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['squamous hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity13433 :: (7072,Gene) :: ['TIA-1']


abstract: We have investigated the role of @entity3204 -derived heat shock protein 70 (TgHSP70) as a B cell mitogen by measuring proliferative responses in vitro. TgHSP70 induced prominent proliferative responses in @entity19 B cells derived not only from @entity3204 -infected but also from uninfected @entity19 . @entity19 responded to TgHSP70; however, severe @entity465 , RAG1-/- B6, and microMT @entity19 failed to respond. B220+ spleen cells showed marked proliferation after stimulation with TgHSP70, but neither @entity1961 + nor CD8+ population responded. This unresponsiveness of @entity1961 + and CD8- T cells to TgHSP70 was antigen presenting cells independent. These data indicate that TgHSP70 induced the proliferation of B cells but not T cells. @entity6414 , a potent inhibitor of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), did not eliminate TgHSP70-induced proliferation. C3H/HeN @entity19 responded well to TgHSP70 stimulation; however, C3H/HeJ @entity19 carrying a point mutation in the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 failed to respond. This indicates that @entity1990 is required for TgHSP70-induced B cell activation. The involvement of @entity1990 in the TgHSP70-induced proliferative responses of spleen cells was also shown by the use of @entity1990 -/- @entity19 . But TgHSP70-induced, but not LPS-induced, spleen cell proliferation was observed in @entity5001 -/- @entity19 , indicating that the @entity5001 molecule was involved in LPS-induced proliferation but not in TgHSP70-induced proliferation.

title: XXXX -derived heat shock protein HSP70 functions as a B cell mitogen.

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['Polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['Toxoplasma gondii', 'T gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of severe, early onset @entity1468 on long-term maternal psychosocial outcome after @entity600 . METHODS: @entity1 with severe, early onset @entity1468 before 32 weeks' gestation (cases) admitted in a tertiary university referral center between 1993 and 2004, and @entity1 with @entity3152 without @entity1468 (controls), matched for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, and year of delivery. @entity1 who consented to participation received three questionnaires in 2008 concerning @entity308 (Zung Depression Scale: score range 0-20; 20 items with 2-point frequency scale: no=0 and @entity26781 ), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale: score range 0-75; 15 items with 4-point frequency scale: not at all=0, rarely=1, sometimes=3 and often=5. Scores>19 are regarded as high symptom levels), and social aspects (Social Readjustment Rating Scale: selection of six items concerning relational aspects with husband/partner, employer, or future family planning). RESULTS: Included in the study were 104 cases and 78 controls (response rate 79% and 58%, respectively). There was no difference in @entity308 scores between cases (5.4    4.0) and controls (5.4    4.3). @entity1 with severe, early onset @entity1468 had significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (28.7    8.6 vs. 25.7    7.9). The majority of @entity1 among both cases and controls had high-posttraumatic stress symptom levels (88% vs. 79%). No differences could be found in relational aspects. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity600 due to severe, early onset @entity1468 experience more often posttraumatic stress symptoms on average 7 years after the pregnancy compared to @entity1 with @entity600 without @entity1468 .

title: Maternal psychosocial outcome after early onset XXXX and @entity600 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['preeclampsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: : To perform a large registry-based study to determine the relative prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) problems in @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) from families with multiple affected members compared with their unaffected sibling(s). METHODS: : In-home structured retrospective medical history interviews by parent recall were conducted by a pediatric neurologist. Our analysis sample included information about GI health of 589 subjects with idiopathic, familial @entity72 and 163 of their unaffected sibling controls registered with @entity2438 Genetic Resource Exchange. Individuals with @entity72 were subgrouped into 3 @entity2438 severity groups (Full @entity2438 , Almost @entity2438 , and Spectrum) based on their @entity2438 Diagnostic Interview-Revised and @entity2438 Diagnostic Observation Scale scores. RESULTS: : Parents reported significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with @entity72 (249/589; 42%) compared with their unaffected siblings (20/163; 12%) (p < .001). The 2 most common Gl problems in @entity1 with @entity72 were @entity1142 (116/589; 20%) and chronic @entity294 (111/589; 19%). Conditional logistic regression analysis showed that having Full @entity2438 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 14.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.22-32.77) or Almost @entity2438 (AOR = 5.16, 95% CI 2.02-13.21) was most highly associated with experiencing @entity344 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity was associated with higher odds of @entity344 (AOR for trend = 2.63, 95% CI: 1.56-4.45). CONCLUSIONS: : Parents report significantly more @entity344 in @entity1 with familial @entity72 , especially those with Full @entity2438 , than in their unaffected @entity1 . Increased @entity2438 symptom severity is associated with increased odds of having @entity344 .

title: The prevalence of XXXX in @entity1 across the United States with @entity72 from families with multiple affected members.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'Autism']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI problems']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal problems']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity737 ( @entity737 ) are not recommended within 40 days of @entity583 ( @entity583 ); thus, @entity1479 implantation might not be considered during the post- @entity583 care transition. OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity1479 implantation rates and associated mortality among older @entity583 @entity1 with low ejection fraction (EF). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Retrospective observational study of Medicare beneficiaries with an EF of 35% or less after @entity583 , treated at 441 US hospitals between 2007 and 2010, excluding @entity1 with prior @entity1479 implantation. Follow-up data were available through December 2010. EXPOSURES: @entity1479 implantation within 1 year of @entity583 vs no @entity1479 implantation within 1 year of @entity583 . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: @entity1 characteristics associated with receiving an @entity1479 within 1 year after discharge and 2-year mortality associated with @entity1479 implantation. RESULTS: Among 10,318 @entity583 @entity1 with EF of 35%or lower, the cumulative 1-year @entity1479 implantation rate was 8.1% (95%CI, 7.6%-8.7%). @entity1 with @entity1479 implantation were more likely to have prior coronary artery bypass graft procedures, higher peak troponin levels, in-hospital @entity1455 , and cardiology follow-up within 2 weeks after discharge relative to @entity1 who did not receive an @entity1479 within 1 year. Implantation of @entity1479 was associated with lower 2-year mortality (15.3 events per 100 @entity1 -years [128 deaths in 838 @entity1 -years] vs 26.4 events per 100 @entity1 -years [3033 deaths in 11 479 @entity1 -years]; adjusted HR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.53-0.78). [table: see text] CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this large registry study of older @entity1 who experienced @entity583 from 2007-2010, fewer than 1 in 10 eligible @entity1 with low EF received an @entity1479 within 1 year after @entity583 , although @entity1479 implantation was associated with lower risk-adjusted mortality at 2 years. Additional research is needed to determine evidence-based approaches to increase @entity1479 implantation among eligible @entity1 .

title: Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Use Among Medicare XXXX With Low Ejection Fraction After Acute @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators', 'ICDs']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Uterine @entity20866 shows a frequency from 25 to 30% in reproductive age @entity1 . Traditional treatment is hysterectomy or myomectomy independently from fertility wishes of the @entity1 . Its growth has been associated to estrogenic activity. Because of this, several substances have been used to diminish @entity5 size, pre-operatively. The use of analogues of liberating hormone of hypophysiary gonadotropins (GnRH), given to favor surgical technique, to diminish @entity548 and to avoid blood transfusions. Clinical efficiency of the use of @entity21278 in @entity1 with uterine leyomiomatosis, pre-operatively during three months, was studied in this paper. The study was prospective, comparative, blind and with longitudinal measurements. Twenty eight @entity1 were included. Group I (n = 13) and Group II (n = 15) control without treatment. Observation units included FSH, LH, E2, @entity7296 , HCT, USG basal, 30, 60, 90 days. Results showed a diminution of more than 80% of the initial uterine volume, and of 30% of the @entity1868 independently measured. Side effects, tolerance and efficacy of the used compound, are mentioned.

title: [Preoperative management of uterine XXXX using pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues].

entities_list: @entity20866 :: ('MESH:D018231', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomatosis']

entities_list: @entity21278 :: ('MESH:D017274', 'Chemical') :: ['nafarelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['trans-operative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity20866 :: (MESH:D018231,Disease) :: ['leiomyomatosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Generally, in retrospective studies, favourable short- and long-term outcomes for @entity1 after lung lobectomy for early stage @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) have been reported. However, the interpretation of lung lobectomy outcomes may be biased in retrospective settings. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed @entity1 who underwent lung lobectomy for cT1-2N0M0 @entity1149 from 2001 to 2010. The outcomes of @entity1 who underwent VATS lobectomy were compared to those who underwent open lobectomy before and after performing propensity score matching. Preoperative covariates were entered when developing the propensity score-matching model. RESULTS: This study reviewed the outcomes of 101 VATS @entity1 and 184 open lobectomy @entity1 . Before propensity score matching, the VATS group had a higher mean age (p  <  0.0001), smaller solid @entity5 size (p  =  0.0042), similar whole @entity5 size (p  =  0.2082), and larger @entity5 -disappearance ratio (p  =  0.0007). The VATS group had a shorter mean operation time (p  =  0.0002), less @entity190 (p  <  0.0001), shorter @entity764 (p  =  0.0002), and shorter hospital stay (p  <  0.0001). As for long-term outcomes, the VATS group had higher disease-free, disease-specific, and overall survival rates (p values by log-rank test: 0.0049, 0.0154, and 0.032, respectively). After propensity score matching, all differences, except operation time, @entity190 , @entity764 , and hospital stay, were no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: VATS lobectomy is less invasive than open lobectomy, but in terms of survival outcomes, VATS lobectomy was oncologically equivalent to open lobectomy. The oncological benefit of VATS reported by retrospective studies might be overestimated.

title: Long-Term Outcomes of Open and Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lung Lobectomy for the Treatment of Early Stage XXXX are Similar: A Propensity-Matched Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest tube duration']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['Non-small Cell Lung Cancer']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major risk factor, and shares many common risk factors with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Few studies have directly compared the differences in common risk factors between @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 at admission. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, @entity6 @entity1 with or without first-ever @entity63 or @entity301 admitted to our hospital over 3years were enrolled. @entity1 ' data were retrospectively collected and compared using multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: In total, 1208 @entity6 @entity1 were enrolled (57.5% @entity1 ). The median age was 59years (interquartile range [IQR] 51-69), and duration of @entity6 was 7years (IQR 3-10). Two hundred and two @entity1 (16.7%) were diagnosed with @entity63 , 345 (28.6%) with @entity301 , and 661 (54.7%) had neither @entity63 nor @entity301 . Compared with @entity6 @entity1 without @entity63 or @entity301 , @entity63 and @entity301 @entity1 had higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and older age but lower high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels (all p<0.01), whereas reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate was only associated with @entity301 (p<0.05). Furthermore, @entity63 @entity1 had higher SBP (every 10-mmHg increase, OR=1.38, 95% CI: 1.26-1.51) and HbA1c levels (OR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31) than @entity301 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 @entity1 with @entity63 and @entity301 have differences in common risk factors at admission. Higher systolic blood pressure and HbA1c levels may indicate @entity63 .

title: Risk factor differences between type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with XXXX at admission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart diseases']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular diseases', 'ICVD']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['ischemic cerebrovascular versus coronary heart diseases']


abstract: This study investigated the relationships among intraocular pressure (IOP), @entity842 (NO) levels, and aqueous flow rates in experimental @entity2790 models. A total of 75 @entity95 were used. One of four different materials [i.e., a-chymotrypsin, latex microspheres (Polybead), red blood cell ghosts, or @entity4023 (Healon GV)] was injected into the eyes of the 15 animals in each experimental group; the remaining 15 @entity95 were reserved for a control group. The IOP changes in the five groups were recorded on postinduction Days 1-3, Day 7, Day 14, Day 30, Day 60, Day 90, and Day 120. On postinduction Day 7, the dynamics and NO levels in the @entity7462 were recorded. Significant IOP elevations were induced by a-chymotrypsin (p  <  0.01) and Polybead (p  <  0.01) on each postinduction day. In the red blood cell ghosts model, significant elevations (p  <  0.01) were found on postinduction Days 1-3; Healon GV significantly elevated IOP (p  <  0.01) on postinduction Day 1 and Day 2. On postinduction Day 7, the @entity7462 NO levels increased significantly in the models of a-chymotrypsin, Polybead, and red blood cell ghosts (all p  <  0.01), while the aqueous flow rates were significantly reduced in the models of a-chymotrypsin and Polybead (p  <  0.005). Persistent @entity2790 models were induced with a-chymotrypsin and Polybead in the @entity95 . The Polybead model exhibited the characteristic of an increased @entity7462 NO level, similar to @entity1 eyes with @entity2747 and @entity2297 .

title: @entity842 levels in the XXXX vary in different @entity2790 experimental models.

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2297 :: ('MESH:D015355', 'Disease') :: ['neovascular glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4023 :: ('MESH:D006820', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hyaluronate']

answer: @entity7462 :: (MESH:C562390,Disease) :: ['aqueous humor']


abstract: @entity6115 -curing agent for @entity990 resin, @entity70930 (commercial name; @entity70930 ) has been suspected to have induced in the workers some @entity137 signs such as collagen disease like @entity2631 or @entity6558 . Subacute @entity137 of this agent was studied in @entity35 following repeated oral administration. The agent was given orally at 5 dose levels (25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg per one dose) for periods ranging from 10 days to 4 weeks. After the completion of administration, clinico-biochemical tests and histopathological examinations were carried out. In a few cases, skeletal muscles and choroid plexus of the brain were examined by electronmicroscopy. Clinico-biochemical tests revealed some elevation of muscle-derived components such as GOT and CPK as seen in the @entity66 . Histologically, various degrees of @entity194 , degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers and a numerical increase of interstitial cells were observed in the skeletal muscles. Electronmicroscopical examination of the gastrocnemius muscle revealed intrasarcoplasmic osmiophilic round-shaped inclusion bodies, sometimes with lamellar structure, which were suggestive of some @entity37480 . The epithelial cells of choroid plexus in the brain ventricles represented various degrees of vacuolar changes lightmicroscopically, which were suggested to be dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum electronmicroscopically. Although @entity2631 -like changes were not observed in our experiments, the results suggest that this @entity6115 -curing agent for @entity990 resin could be one of the causative agents which induced @entity137 lesions like some collagen diseases including @entity121 in the workers. In addition, it is considered that the agent may have systemic @entity137 effects.

title: Clinico-pathological changes induced in XXXX treated with @entity6115 -curing agent for @entity990 resin, @entity70930 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxic']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic diseases']

entities_list: @entity70930 :: ('MESH:C026295', 'Chemical') :: ['bis(4-amino-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)methane', 'Laromin C']

entities_list: @entity6115 :: ('CHEBI:32952', 'Chemical') :: ['amine', 'Amine']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle lesions']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['polymyositis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychogenic @entity9663 is difficult to distinguish clinically from benign essential @entity9663 (BEB). The blink reflex recovery cycle measures the excitability of @entity1 brainstem interneurons and is abnormal in BEB. We wished to study the blink reflex recovery cycle in @entity1 with atypical (presumed psychogenic) @entity9663 ( @entity12440 ). METHODS: This was a prospective data collection study investigating the R2 blink reflex recovery cycle at interstimulus intervals (ISI) of 200, 300, 500, 1,000, and 3,000 msec in 10 @entity1 with BEB, 9 @entity1 with @entity12440 , and 9 healthy controls. All @entity1 had @entity2473 of the orbicularis oculi muscles. To compare individual @entity1 , an R2 recovery index was calculated as average of the recovery values at ISIs of 200, 300, and 500 msec, with the upper limit of normal defined as mean (control group) + 2 SD. RESULTS: The R2 recovery cycle was significantly disinhibited in @entity1 with BEB, whereas @entity1 with @entity12440 did not differ from controls on a group level. The upper limit of normal for the R2 recovery index was 61%. The R2 index was abnormal in 9 out of 10 @entity1 with BEB and in none of the @entity1 with @entity12440 . CONCLUSIONS: A normal blink reflex recovery cycle indicates normal brainstem interneuron excitability. Assessment of the R2 recovery cycle may provide a useful diagnostic tool to distinguish @entity1 with psychogenic @entity9663 from BEB and is worthy of further study.

title: The blink reflex recovery cycle differs between essential and presumed psychogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9663 :: ('MESH:D001764', 'Disease') :: ['blepharospasm']

answer: @entity9663 :: (MESH:D001764,Disease) :: ['blepharospasm']


abstract: The advantages and disadvantages of the @entity1420 -releasing intrauterine device (IUD), Progestasert, are investigated, relying on the published literature and the authors' own experiences. Insertion of the Progestasert presents very few problems except in certain cases, particularly in nulliparous @entity1 . A complete gynecologic examination is indispensible before insertion to guarantee the absence of contraindications (e.g., pregnancy, anatomically abnormal uterus, @entity5 , @entity4134 , @entity697 ). @entity158 or discomfort at insertion appears infrequently, except among nulliparas. Similarly, @entity158 after insertion is rare, but occurs most often in nulliparous @entity1 . Because of the insertion technique required for this IUD, cases of perforation of he uterus or cervix are virtually nonexistent. Expulsion of the Progestasert is very infrequent; it appears that incorrect insertion is the primary cause of expulsion. All studies verify a decrease in the expulsion rate after the 1st month of use. The incidence of @entity4134 in Progestasert users is significantly lower than in users of other IUDs. This may be due, in part, to the shape of the device, which does not have wide surface areas and has no sharp or pointed edges which can become embedded in the endometrial wall. Additionally, the nature of the insertion device, guaranteeing lack of contact between the transverse arm of the IUD and the vagina, assures the sterility of the IUD even at the moment of introduction into the uterus, limiting the transport of bacteria into the cavity. Lack of sufficient data on ectopic pregnancies in Progestasert users impedes a complete evaluation and definition of the problem with this particular device. One of the most frequent reasons for discontinuing use of the IUD is distrubance of the menstrual cycle. Increase in menstrual @entity190 , prolongation of the menstrual period, and @entity1867 are disturbances found in users of most IUDs. The Progestasert, however, appears to decrease @entity548 and shorten the menstrual period in all cases. The advantages of the Progestasert are indisputable in treating dysmennorhea. All studies agree on the attributes of topical release of @entity1420 in treating this illness. Studies report disappearance of symptoms in 35% of dysmennorheic @entity1 and a marked @entity304 in 65%. Not enough data exist to draw any conclusions about the teratogenic action of the Progestasert. In normal pregnancies, however, natural @entity1420 is found in much higher levels than that released by the IUD. Theoretically, the hormone released by the IUD should not interfere with normal fetal development. The failure rate of Progestasert is equal to or lower than that of other IUDs. Overall, the Progestasert represents a remarkable improvement over conventional IUDs.

title: [Steroid intra-uterine contraception: XXXX -releasing devices. II. Insertion, clinical problems and contraceptive dependability].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cervicitis']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1867 :: ('MESH:D008796', 'Disease') :: ['intermenstrual bleeding']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quality of life has been greatly influenced and the cost of medical expenses is very high in @entity1 with @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ). The etiology and pathogenesis of @entity1744 are still unclear, and the prevention and treatment of this disease still lack of effective methods. OBJECTIVE: To explore and analyze the effects of Tiaohe Ganpi Hexin Decoction (TGHD), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine for regulating the liver and spleen, on @entity1744 @entity1 with @entity294 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 AND INTERVENTIONS: All 40 @entity1744 @entity1 came from the First Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, and were randomly divided into two groups. @entity1 in the treatment group (n=20) were given TGHD, while those in the control group (n=20) were prescribed oral @entity24819 with a four-week treatment period. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, total obviously effective rate, disappearance rate of symptoms, and clinical symptom score in the two groups were evaluated before and after four-week treatment. RESULTS: After the treatment, TCM syndrome scores in both groups were decreased (P<0.01), and the TCM syndrome score in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the total obviously effective rate between the two groups (P<0.01), and the total obviously effective rates in the treatment and control groups were 85%(17/20) and 45%(9/20) respectively. The disappearance rates of @entity490 , abdominal distention, poor stool output, stool frequency, stool character and mucous stool in the treatment group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The symptom scores of @entity490 , abdominal distention, poor stool output, stool frequency, stool character and mucous stool in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: TGHD can significantly improve the clinical symptoms in @entity1744 @entity1 with @entity294 .

title: [Tiaohe Ganpi Hexin Decoction in treatment of XXXX with @entity294 : a randomized controlled trial].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity24819 :: ('MESH:C013199', 'Chemical') :: ['pinaverium']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: The introduction of oral agents for the treatment of @entity323 ( @entity323 ) has revolutionized the treatment of @entity1 with erection problems of all severities and etiologies. @entity7855 , available on the world market since 1998 was joined in 2003 by @entity9498 and @entity6697 as effective save and reliable oral agents. While these agents share the method of action in common and are all contraindicated with @entity1507 medications, these are differences among the three agents. @entity7855 has the longest @entity1 experience and the most robust data confirming its activity, safety and tolerability. It has recently been released for use in @entity120 as well as @entity323 . @entity6697 , the most biochemically potent of the molecules has also been demonstrated to be effective in @entity1 with severe @entity323 and in some @entity1 failing @entity7855 . @entity9498 is unique in its longer half life and is also tolerable, safe and effective in all severities and etiologies of @entity323 . Tadalafil is also unique in its inhibition of PDE 11, a characteristic of unknown but probably negligible importance. Newer data have also suggested that these agents may be helpful in the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. Since the introduction of @entity7855 in 1998, @entity323 has been effectively treated with oral medications. The recent addition of @entity6697 and tadalafil to the market has increased the number of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors ( @entity7856 ) to three agents used throughout the world. Each of these agents has similar mechanism of action, but has distinct differences. All three drugs in this class have similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and each is effective for @entity1 with @entity323 of all ages, severities and etiologies. While there are clear pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences amongst these agents, clinical differences are somewhat more difficult to identify. Indeed the data of preference trials, head to head clinical trials, and selection trials are few. The differences in pharmacokinetics while having distinct advantages in marketing each drug may be difficult for clinicians and @entity1 to identify. With the lack of data and well done clinical trials, it is difficult for the clinician to differentiate amongst the three agents and to select a @entity7856 inhibitor for a specific @entity323 @entity1 or a specific agent to switch to if an initial @entity7856 agent is unsuccessful or poorly tolerated. This discussion summarizes some of the current data on @entity7856 inhibitors and their efficacy, safety, and use in other conditions.

title: XXXX inhibitors: are there differences?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity9498 :: ('MESH:C429886', 'Chemical') :: ['tadalafil', 'Tadalafil']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil', 'Sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity6697 :: ('MESH:C426063', 'Chemical') :: ['Vardenafil', 'vardenafil']

answer: @entity7856 :: (8654,Gene) :: ['PDE5']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Published prognostic models for overall survival after liver resection for @entity1419 require external validation before use in clinical practice. STUDY DESIGN: From January 1993 to May 2013, consecutive @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity1419 were identified from a prospective database. The Wang nomogram was derived in an Asian cohort (n = 367) and included clinicopathologic variables and preoperative @entity787 levels. The Hyder nomogram was derived in an Eastern and Western multicenter cohort (n = 514) using clinicopathologic variables only. The AJCC Cancer Staging System (7th ed) and the preoperative Fudan risk score were also evaluated. Prognostic performance was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and stratification. RESULTS: One hundred and eighty-eight @entity1 were included, with a median follow-up of 41 months. Median overall survival was 48.7 months and estimated 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 59% and 45%, respectively. Overall survival prediction accuracy, according to concordance-index calculation, was 0.72 with the Wang nomogram, 0.66 with the Hyder nomogram, 0.63 with the AJCC system, and 0.55 using the Fudan score. Both nomograms provided effective @entity1 stratification in distinct survival groups. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Wang and Hyder nomograms provided accurate @entity1 prognosis estimation after liver resection for @entity1419 and can be useful for decision making about adjuvant therapy. The Wang nomogram appears to be more appropriate in @entity1 undergoing formal portal lymphadenectomy and requires preoperative @entity787 levels for optimal performance.

title: Outcomes after Resection of XXXX : External Validation and Comparison of Prognostic Models.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA and cancer antigen 19-9']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: Clinical results of intraoperative radiotherapy for @entity356 were reported. One hundred and five cases of @entity356 were treated by intraoperative radiotherapy. Indications for the intraoperative radiotherapy were determined as follows: 1) The @entity75 ( @entity5 ) located at the level of gastric corpus or antrum (M, A); 2) At least, the @entity5 should be resected; 3) Neither liver @entity3 nor peritoneal dissemination was noticed; 4) Lymph node @entity3 were limited to the second group (less than N3); 5) Cases of which @entity5 -infiltration-depth reached to the serosal surface (S3) of the posterior gastric wall and infiltrated to the pancreatic capsule were included. However, infiltrations to the serosal surface of the anterior gastric wall were not subjected to the treatment, because of having peritoneal disseminations. Irradiation of 2800-4000 rad of electron beam from betatron was performed after resection of the stomach and the regional lymph node as possible. Five-year survival rate was studied on 58 cases (consisting 5 cases of stage I, 27 cases of stage II, 12 cases of stage III and 14 cases of stage IV). Comparisons were done with the cases receiving surgical operation only. RESULTS: Whatever the stage of the @entity1 was, 3-year survival rate was found to be better in the radiotherapy group than that of the control group (treated surgical resection only). Five year survival rate of the stages III and IV in the radiotherapy group was better than the control group. Unfavorable side effects were observed in 4 cases out of 105 cases. In one case, penetration of postoperative peptic ulcer into the irradiated aortic wall was found by autopsy. Two cases of @entity1157 and one case of ileus due to acutely developed @entity298 were experienced. In conclusion, intraoperative radiotherapy immediately after surgical resection for the treatment of @entity356 was found to be an effective method. The most effective application of the method appears to be to cases of stage II and III without liver @entity3 and peritoneal disseminations (H0P0, M, A).

title: [Intraoperative radiotherapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis carcinomatosa']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1157 :: ('MESH:D001649', 'Disease') :: ['bile duct stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stomach cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: WHO guidelines advocate breastfeeding for 6 months, and EAACI guideline recommends exclusive breastfeeding for 4-6 months. However, evidence for breastfeeding to prevent @entity565 and @entity56 is conflicting. We examined whether following recommended breastfeeding guidelines alters the long-term risks of @entity565 , @entity484 , @entity2490 or @entity402 . METHODS: The effect of nonexclusive (0, >0-6, >6 months) and exclusive breastfeeding (0, >0-4, >4 months) on repeated measures of @entity565 (10, 18 years), @entity484 , @entity2490 , and @entity402 (1-or-2, 4, 10, 18 years) risks was estimated in the IoW cohort (n = 1456) using log-linear models with generalized estimating equations. The Food Allergy and Intolerance Research (FAIR) cohort (n = 988), also from the IoW, was examined to replicate results. RESULTS: Breastfeeding (any or exclusive) had no effect on @entity565 and @entity56 in the IoW cohort. In the FAIR cohort, any breastfeeding for >0-6 months protected against @entity565 at 10 years (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.32-0.79, P = 0.003), but not other outcomes, whilst exclusive breastfeeding for >4 months protected against repeated @entity2490 (RR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.18-0.71, P = 0.003). Longer breastfeeding was protective against late-onset wheeze in the IoW cohort. CONCLUSION: The protective effects of nonexclusive and exclusive breastfeeding against long-term allergic outcomes were inconsistent between these colocated cohorts, agreeing with previous observations of heterogeneous effects. Although breastfeeding should be recommended for other health benefits, following breastfeeding guidelines did not appear to afford a consistent protection against long-term @entity565 , @entity484 , @entity2490 or @entity402 . Further research is needed into the long-term effects of breastfeeding on @entity56 .

title: Evaluating the efficacy of breastfeeding guidelines on long-term outcomes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disease']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vulvar and @entity5 are @entity395 with an incidence rate that increases with age. At present, epidemiological data are rather scarce. This review article provides an epidemiologic overview of these diseases, focussing on recent German data. METHODS: This review article summarizes the information currently available in order to offer an epidemiologic overview. RESULTS: The statistic incidence of @entity189 has been calculated between 2 and 7 cases per 100,000 @entity1 , and that of @entity189 0.6-1.0 cases per 100,000 @entity1 . These incidence rates, especially concerning @entity2735 , have increased heavily since the 1970s. The mean age of @entity5 affection is 72 years, and 74 years for @entity189 . In the case of @entity1 below the age of 50, @entity5 tends to be HPV-associated which implies a coincidence of about 20% for cervical and @entity5 . Various pathological mechanisms are the cause for @entity1 above the age of 50. CONCLUSIONS: Due to a change in sexual behavior and an increased rate of @entity281 among younger @entity1 , increased incidence of both diseases has to be expected. The age-standardized mortality rate of @entity189 in Europe is stated at 0.7/100,000 @entity1 , and that of @entity189 at 0.4/100.000 @entity1 . To what extent the HPV-vaccination affects incidence and mortality rates is continually being observed.

title: XXXX in Germany.

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal cancers', 'vulvar cancer', 'cancer', 'anal cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['vulvar carcinoma', 'vaginal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Epidemiology of vulvar and vaginal cancer']


abstract: Stress-induced @entity4854 has been associated with poor outcomes and @entity204 in critically ill @entity1 . Blood @entity413 (BG) variability, a component of stress-related @entity4854 has recently been reported as a significant independent predictor of intensive care unit and hospital mortality. We sought to evaluate three cases in which intensive insulin therapy was administered using a standardized insulin dosing protocol to normalize the BG and reduce glycemic variability. Point-of-care BG values and other clinical measures were obtained from the medical record of three @entity1 who received intensive insulin therapy. This was a convenience sample of three @entity1 where the BG level had stabilized on a consistent intravenous insulin dose rate for up to 20 hours in a surgical @entity130 intensive care unit. Data were collected manually and electronically using the Remote Automated Laboratory System-Tight Glycemic Control Module (RALS-TGCM) BG management and monitoring system. Each case presentation describes a critically ill, nondiabetic @entity1 , requiring continuous intravenous insulin therapy for @entity4854 . In each instance, BG variability was present in a worsening @entity1 condition after a period of normalization of @entity4854 with intensive insulin therapy. Although decreasing BG variability is an important aspect of @entity4854 management, new onset events of variability may be a sentinel warning or occur as a physiologic response to a worsening @entity1 condition. If so, these events warrant rapid investigation and treatment of the underlying problem.

title: Case discussion in blood XXXX variability.

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and affects about 30% of these @entity1 . We have previously localized a @entity2316 locus on chromosome 3q with suggestive linkage in Finnish individuals. Linkage to this region has also been reported earlier by several other groups. To fine map this locus, we conducted a multistage case-control association study in @entity6 @entity1 , comprising 1822 cases with @entity8 and 1874 @entity6 @entity1 free of @entity8 , from Finland, Iceland, and the British Isles. At the screening stage, we genotyped 3072 tag SNPs, spanning a 28 Mb region, in 234 @entity1 and 215 controls from Finland. SNPs that met the significance threshold of p < 0.01 at this stage were followed up by a series of sample sets. A genetic variant, @entity71097 , in the noncoding region at 3q22 was associated with increased risk of @entity2316 (overall p = 7.07 x 10(-6), combined odds ratio [OR] of the allele = 1.33). The estimated genotypic ORs of this variant in all Finnish samples suggested a codominant effect, resulting in significant association, with a p value of 4.7 x 10(-5) (OR = 1.38; 95% confidence interval = 1.18-1.62). Additionally, an 11 kb segment flanked by @entity71098 and @entity71097 , two strongly correlated variants (r(2) = 0.95), contains three elements highly conserved across multiple species. Independent replication will clarify the role of the associated variants at 3q22 in influencing the risk of @entity2316 .

title: Association of genetic variants at 3q22 with @entity8 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['DN', 'Diabetic nephropathy']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus']


abstract: @entity9812 ( @entity9812 ) is caused by autoantibodies against @entity2801 ( @entity2801 ). Immunosuppressive treatment (IST) results in remission of disease in 60% to 80% of @entity1 over a period of days to months. IST is associated with frequent adverse events, including infections as a leading cause of @entity204 . Predictors of time to remission could help guide IST intensity but have not been established. We analyzed prognostic factors in 102 prospectively enrolled @entity1 treated with a uniform IST protocol. Partial remission (PR; defined as no active @entity548 , @entity2801 restored >50 IU/dL, hemostatic treatment stopped >24 hours) was achieved by 83% of @entity1 after a median of 31 days (range 7-362). @entity1 with baseline @entity2801 <1 IU/dL achieved PR less often and later (77%, 43 days) than @entity1 with >= 1 IU/dL (89%, 24 days). After adjustment for other baseline characteristics, low @entity2801 remained associated with a lower rate of PR (hazard ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.33-0.81, P < .01). In contrast, PR achieved on @entity230 alone within  <=21 days was more common in @entity1 with @entity2801 >= 1 IU/dL and inhibitor concentration <20 BU/mL (odds ratio 11.2, P < .0001). Low @entity2801 was also associated with a lower rate of complete remission and decreased survival. In conclusion, presenting @entity2801 and inhibitor concentration are potentially useful to tailor IST in @entity9812 .

title: Prognostic factors for remission of and survival in acquired hemophilia A ( XXXX ): results from the GTH-AH 01/2010 study.

entities_list: @entity9812 :: ('MESH:C536392', 'Disease') :: ['AHA', 'Acquired hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity9812 :: (MESH:C536392,Disease) :: ['AHA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors' previous study demonstrated that a clinical antiarrhythmic dose of @entity3303 , when given before @entity63 , is neuroprotective in a @entity35 model of transient focal @entity2806 . In this study, the authors investigated whether the administration of this dose of @entity3303 , when delayed until 45 min after the onset of @entity63 , also reduces @entity2806 . METHODS: @entity3303 was administered as an intravenous bolus (1.5 mg/kg) followed by an intravenous infusion (2 mg. kg(-1).h(-1)) for 165 min, beginning 45 min after the onset of a 90-min period of transient focal @entity2806 . Control animals were given the same volume of saline. Focal @entity2806 was induced by occluding the right middle cerebral artery using an intraluminal suture. Neurologic outcome and body @entity353 were quantified 7 days later. The brain was fixed 7 days after @entity63 and brain sections were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 for assessment of infarct size and the number of intact neurons. In separate experiments, local cerebral blood flow and the electroencephalogram were measured during @entity63 and 180 min into the reperfusion period. @entity1188 size was assessed after 24 h. RESULTS: @entity1188 size, at either 24 h or 7 days after @entity63 , was not significantly reduced in the @entity3303 group. However, the number of intact neurons was significantly increased in both the @entity63 penumbra and core of the @entity3303 group 7 days after @entity63 , compared with the vehicle group. @entity35 treated with @entity3303 demonstrated better neurologic outcome and less @entity353 (P < 0.05). @entity3303 treatment had no significant influence on local cerebral blood flow and electroencephalogram during @entity63 and reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of a clinical antiarrhythmic dose of @entity3303 , beginning 45 min after the onset of @entity63 , reduces @entity2806 after transient focal @entity2806 in the @entity35 . This indicates that delayed administration of neuroprotective agents may reduce @entity75 resulting from @entity63 .

title: Effects of delayed administration of low-dose XXXX on transient focal @entity2806 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity19 that exercise after meals gain less body weight and visceral fat compared to those that exercised before meals under a one meal/exercise time per day schedule. @entity1 generally eat two or three meals per day, and rarely have only one meal. To extend our previous observations, we examined here whether a "two meals, two exercise sessions per day" schedule was optimal in terms of maintaining a healthy body weight. In this experiment, "morning" refers to the beginning of the active phase (the "morning" for nocturnal animals). We found that 2-h feeding before 2-h exercise in the morning and evening (F-Ex/F-Ex) resulted in greater attenuation of high fat diet (HFD)-induced @entity1017 compared to other combinations of feeding and exercise under two daily meals and two daily exercise periods. There were no significant differences in total food intake and total wheel counts, but feeding before exercise in the morning groups (F-Ex/F-Ex and F-Ex/Ex-F) increased the morning wheel counts. These results suggest that habitual exercise after feeding in the morning and evening is more effective for preventing HFD-induced @entity1017 . We also determined whether there were any correlations between food intake, wheel rotation, visceral fat volume and skeletal muscle volumes. We found positive associations between gastrocnemius muscle volumes and morning wheel counts, as well as negative associations between morning food intake volumes/body weight and morning wheel counts. These results suggest that morning exercise-induced increase of muscle volume may refer to anti- @entity28 . Evening exercise is negatively associated with fat volume increases, suggesting that this practice may counteract fat deposition. Our multifactorial analysis revealed that morning food intake helps to increase exercise, and that evening exercise reduced fat volumes. Thus, exercise in the morning or evening is important for preventing the onset of @entity28 .

title: Eating meals before wheel-running exercise attenuate high fat diet-driven @entity28 in XXXX under two meals per day schedule.

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1963 ( @entity1963 ) is a potentially deadly @entity600 characterized by the absence of the enteric nervous system (ENS) in distal bowel. Although @entity1963 has clear genetic causes, no @entity1963 -associated mutation is 100% penetrant, suggesting gene-gene and gene-environment interactions determine @entity1963 occurrence. To test the hypothesis that certain medicines might alter @entity1963 risk we treated @entity3392 with medications commonly used during early @entity1 pregnancy and discovered that @entity5018 caused @entity1963 -like absence of enteric neurons in distal bowel. Using fetal CF-1 @entity19 gut slice cultures, we found that @entity5018 treated enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCDC) had reduced migration, fewer lamellipodia and lower levels of active @entity5844 / @entity11120 . Additionally, inhibiting ROCK, a RHOA effector and known @entity5844 antagonist, reversed @entity5018 effects on migrating @entity19 ENCDC in culture. @entity5018 also inhibited colonization of @entity7517 +/- @entity19 bowel by ENCDC in vivo and dramatically reduced bowel colonization by @entity1573 ENCDC in culture. Interestingly, @entity5018 did not affect ENCDC migration until after at least three hours of exposure. Furthermore, @entity19 deficient in @entity48901 ( @entity16538 ) and @entity1996 ( @entity10178 ) had normal bowel colonization by ENCDC and normal ENCDC migration in vitro suggesting COX-independent effects. Consistent with selective and strain specific effects on ENCDC, @entity5018 did not affect migration of gut mesenchymal cells, NIH3T3, or WT C57BL/6 ENCDC, and did not affect dorsal root ganglion cell precursor migration in @entity3392 . Thus, @entity5018 inhibits ENCDC migration in vitro and bowel colonization by ENCDC in vivo in @entity3392 , @entity19 and @entity1573 , but there are cell type and strain specific responses. These data raise concern that @entity5018 may increase @entity1963 risk in some genetically susceptible @entity1 .

title: @entity5018 slows migration and inhibits bowel colonization by enteric nervous system precursors in @entity3392 , XXXX and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['HSCR', 'Hirschsprung Disease', 'Hirschsprung disease']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defect']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: We tested normal young and elderly adults and elderly @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 on recognition memory for tunes. In Experiment 1, @entity195 @entity1 and age-matched controls received a study list and an old/new recognition test of highly familiar, traditional tunes, followed by a study list and test of novel tunes. The controls performed better than did the @entity195 @entity1 . The controls showed the "mirror effect" of increased hits and reduced false alarms for traditional versus novel tunes, whereas the @entity1 false-alarmed as often to traditional tunes as to novel tunes. Experiment 2 compared young adults and healthy elderly @entity1 using a similar design. Performance was lower in the elderly group, but both younger and older subjects showed the mirror effect. Experiment 3 produced confusion between preexperimental familiarity and intraexperimental familiarity by mixing traditional and novel tunes in the study lists and tests. Here, the subjects in both age groups resembled the @entity1 of Experiment 1 in failing to show the mirror effect. Older subjects again performed more poorly, and they differed qualitatively from younger subjects in setting stricter criteria for more nameable tunes. Distinguishing different sources of global familiarity is a factor in tune recognition, and the data suggest that this type of source monitoring is impaired in @entity195 and involves different strategies in younger and older adults.

title: Recognition of familiar and unfamiliar melodies in normal aging and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: The present study was carried out to clarify the usefulness of and problems associated with a new ultrasound probe in the assessment of invasion of @entity14 . Normal colorectal wall of 23 resected specimens from @entity14 cases was examined in vitro with the probe. Fifty-one @entity1 with @entity14 and 16 @entity1 with @entity5 were presurgically examined using the probe via the biopsy channel of a conventional colonoscope. After endoscopic and ultrasonographic examination, 27 @entity1 underwent endoscopic resection and 40 underwent surgical resection. The ultrasonographic findings were compared with histologic findings in all cases. @entity189 and @entity5 were visualized as an echo-poor region with the probe. The overall accuracy rate for depth of invasion was 76% (39/51) for @entity14 . The accuracy rates for @entity5 limited to the mucosa and @entity5 invading the submucosa were 83% and 90%, respectively; these rates were higher than those for @entity5 invading the muscularis propria (50%) and beyond the muscularis propria (73%). In all 16 cases of @entity5 , the depth of invasion was accurately shown to be limited to the submucosa. This probe is useful to assess invasion of @entity14 , especially small and flat lesions limited to the mucosa or submucosa.

title: Endoscopic assessment of invasion of XXXX with a new high-frequency ultrasound probe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoid tumors', 'rectal carcinoid tumor', 'carcinoid tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumors']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is growing awareness of the significance of @entity27 in the general population and in the medical community and, as a result, there is a growing demand for diagnosis and treatment. Attended, in-laboratory polysomnography is resource intensive and not readily available in some communities. Alternate diagnostic strategies have been proposed including the use of home sleep studies. Although these portable systems have been in use for many years, only in the past few years have a significant number of studies been performed to evaluate these systems in the home setting. The use of actigraphy and peripheral arterial tonometry for diagnostic purposes has also recently been investigated. RECENT FINDINGS: In the laboratory setting, measurements of @entity387 with specific portable sleep systems correspond well with measurements provided by standard polysomnography. In the home setting, portable systems demonstrate several important limitations including lost or inadequate data collection, logistic concerns, and mildly reduced diagnostic accuracy. Data regarding the potential cost benefit of home studies is inconclusive. SUMMARY: Home polysomnography is a viable option for evaluating @entity1 with moderate or high clinical suspicion for @entity387 . However, @entity1 with failed or equivocal home studies and those with negative studies but persistent symptoms should undergo standard polysomnography. Further investigations are needed to compare long-term outcomes in @entity1 evaluated using portable devices versus standard polysomnography.

title: Role of portable sleep studies for diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: @entity1706 , a new @entity31769 derivative, is an antihypertensive agent with arteriolar vasodilating properties, which acts on precapillary resistance vessels. A trial was carried out in 30 @entity1 with essential @entity101 WHO I-II. The treatment period was divided into three phases. @entity918 ( @entity918 ) and @entity6478 were administered for 4 weeks in Phase 1 and supine and standing blood pressure decreased significantly. During Phase 2 @entity1706 was added to @entity918 / @entity6478 for the following 3 months. A further significant reduction in blood pressure was obtained. In the next period of treatment (Phase 3) @entity1 were divided into two groups. For 1 month Group A (15 @entity1 ) received @entity1706 alone and Group B (15 @entity1 ) received @entity918 / @entity6478 . Conventional laboratory blood tests in all @entity1 remained unchanged during treatment. Reported side effects during Phase 2 were @entity10 (2 @entity1 ), @entity1296 (3 @entity1 ), palpitations (2 @entity1 ) and ankle @entity4 (2 @entity1 ). Plasma @entity916 activity was slightly increased at the end both of Phases 1 and 2. Plasma @entity2661 were increased but not significantly at the end of Phase 2 as compared to Phase 1. The results indicate that @entity1706 is effective in lowering blood pressure in mild to moderate essential @entity101 .

title: Effect of XXXX on blood pressure, plasma @entity2661 and plasma @entity916 activity in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity31769 :: ('MESH:C004711', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'HCTZ']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1706 :: ('MESH:D020110', 'Chemical') :: ['Pinacidil', 'pinacidil']

answer: @entity1706 :: (MESH:D020110,Chemical) :: ['pinacidil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether baseline levels of @entity1243 and @entity1254 predict disease activity or response to treatment in @entity1 with @entity309 at 6 months, 1 and 2 years of follow-up. METHODS: A consecutive cohort of @entity1 , classified according to the 2010 ACR/EULAR @entity309 criteria, was evaluated at baseline, 6 months, 1 and 2 years. All were treated with @entity230 and/or DMARDs. None received biologics. Blood was taken at a baseline to determine plasma anti-CCP, @entity1243 and @entity1254 . The relationship between @entity1243 , @entity1254 , DAS28 and changes in DAS28 was assessed by multivariable linear and logistic regression from baseline to follow-up. RESULTS: 127 @entity1 completed 6 months, 91 one year and 52 two years of follow-up. All were female, mean age 45 years (18-70), time since onset of disease 7.5 years (0-36). A U-shaped relationship between DAS28 and @entity1243 baseline levels was seen. Adjusting for different factors, @entity1243 levels at baseline predicted higher DAS28 at 6 months and, in @entity1 who were not overweight or @entity28 , predicted disease activity at 6 months, 1 and 2 years. In @entity1 who were not overweight or @entity28 , baseline @entity1243 was able to predict response to treatment at 6 and 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: In the short term, baseline @entity1243 levels predict disease activity in all @entity309 @entity1 and response to treatment in @entity309 @entity1 with normal weight.

title: @entity1243 and XXXX as predictors of disease activity in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity1254 :: (9370,Gene) :: ['adiponectin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity and the @entity209 frequently coexist. Both are associated with @entity65 ( @entity65 ). However, the contribution of @entity28 to @entity65 , independent of the presence of the @entity209 , remains controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: From the WISE study, 780 @entity1 referred for coronary angiography to evaluate suspected @entity741 were classified by body mass index (BMI; <24.9=normal, n=184; > or =25.0 to < or =29.9=overweight, n=269; > or =30.0= @entity28 , n=327) and presence (n=451) or absence (n=329) of the @entity209 , further classified by @entity6 status. Prevalence of significant angiographic @entity453 ( @entity453 ; > or =50% stenosis) and 3-year risk of @entity65 were compared by BMI and metabolic status. The @entity209 and BMI were strongly associated, but only @entity209 was associated with significant @entity453 . Similarly, unit increases in BMI (normal to overweight to @entity28 ) were not associated with 3-year risk of @entity204 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.92, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.51) or major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE: @entity204 , nonfatal @entity583 , @entity64 , @entity712 ; adjusted HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.27), whereas metabolic status (normal to @entity209 to @entity6 ) conferred an approximate 2-fold adjusted risk of @entity204 (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.26 to 3.20) and MACE (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.57). Levels of @entity1851 (hs-CRP) were more strongly associated with @entity209 than BMI but were not independently associated with 3-year risk of @entity204 or MACE. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity209 but not BMI predicts future @entity65 in @entity1 . Although it remains prudent to recommend @entity353 in overweight and @entity28 @entity1 , control of all modifiable risk factors in both normal and overweight @entity1 to prevent transition to the @entity209 should be considered the ultimate goal.

title: Clinical importance of obesity versus the metabolic syndrome in @entity65 in @entity1 : a report from the XXXX 's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular risk']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The US Public Health Service has finalized its recommendation relating to community water fluoridation (Federal Panel on Community Water Fluoridation, US Department of Health and @entity1 Services, 2015). It recommends an optimal concentration of 0.7 mg/l F based on their argument that this concentration provides the best balance of protection from dental caries while limiting the risk of dental @entity3296 . The rationale for this recommendation can be questioned, particularly given the contrasting etiologies and impact on the community. Uncertainty surrounds the key evidence considered by the panel. This study argues that the panel should have exercised more caution and called for further research before reducing the 'optimal' concentration of @entity1388 in water supplies. Up-to-date data on caries and @entity3296 trend by age group or birth cohort, analyses on attributable risk for @entity3296 , data on individual and population impact of caries and @entity3296 , water intake over an extended period across the seasons, and the curvilinear relationship of @entity1388 concentration in water supplies and caries protection would have all been desirable to inform the panel, given the foreshadowing of the recommendation in late 2011. Further, a wider range of policy directions to achieve the best balance of protection from dental caries while limiting the risk of dental @entity3296 are available from the international literature. Assessment of these should have been more evident. There is a public health policy responsibility to monitor water fluoridation programs so as to achieve a near maximum reduction in dental caries without unacceptable levels of dental @entity3296 . However, recommendations to alter existing policy need to be cognizant of the balancing of risk and protective exposures across the entire population and potentially all ages and to be based on recent data that are purposefully collected, critically analyzed and carefully interpreted.

title: Caution needed in altering the 'optimum' XXXX concentration in drinking water.

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity3296 :: ('MESH:D009050', 'Disease') :: ['fluorosis']

answer: @entity1388 :: (MESH:D005459,Chemical) :: ['fluoride']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 or provider gender is associated with the number, type, and strength of medications received by emergency department @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity158 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Stanford University Hospital @entity2613 @entity1 : @entity1 18 years and older who arrived at the @entity2613 with a chief complaint of @entity10 , @entity158 between February 1, 1993, and September 30, 1993. Provider @entity1 included medical students, interns, residents, nurse practitioners, and attending physicians. RESULTS: @entity2613 administration of analgesic versus no analgesic, strength of analgesic administered, and administration of multiple medications. The study group consisted of 190 @entity1 , 110 of them female. The @entity1 were evaluated by 84 providers, 60 of them male. According to the providers surveyed, female @entity1 described more @entity158 than did male @entity1 (P < .01) and were perceived by providers to experience more @entity158 (P = .03). Female @entity1 received more medications (P < .01) and were less likely to receive no medication (P = .01). Female @entity1 also received more potent analgesics (P = .03). Linear and logistic regression analysis showed that @entity1 perception of @entity158 was the strongest predictor of the number and strength of medications given; @entity1 gender was not a predictor. CONCLUSION: Female @entity1 with @entity10 , @entity158 describe more @entity158 and are perceived by providers to have more @entity158 than male @entity1 in the @entity2613 . Female @entity1 also receive more medications and stronger analgesics. In this study, severity of @entity1 @entity158 rather than gender stereotyping appeared to correlate most with @entity158 -management practices.

title: Gender-associated differences in emergency department XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'neck pain, or back pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: As a noninvasive method of examination, conventional computer tomography (CT) has assumed an important role in assessment of pathologic anatomy of the heart. In contrast, previously, CT has not been applied for routine investigations of myocardial perfusion. In this study, a new method is described which, with intravenous injection of contrast medium, enables delineation of perfusion differences in the myocardium. Studies were performed in ten healthy male subjects and 71 @entity1 with angiographically-documented @entity453 with a Somatom SF ( @entity5377 ) with a scanning time of five seconds. Prior to contrast injection, a native scan was obtained in the short axis view of the left ventricle as well as in apical and central view. After injection of 30 ml of contrast medium through a 7F ring catheter positioned in the inferior vena cava, imaging was again performed and then repeated subsequent to administration of 0.5 mg/kg @entity4341 . Quantitative evaluation of the CT images was carried out through circumferential analysis of the apical and central segments. The circumference was divided into 60 segments of six degrees each and for each segment ten density measurements were performed to obtain average values subendocardially, intramurally and subepicardially. After correction for the density value of the ascending aorta in healthy subjects, the density profile was constructed. The density profile of the healthy subjects was designated as the mean value curve. The circumferential profile of @entity1 with @entity453 was tested against the mean value curve from which two indexes for description of perfusion disturbances were defined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Perfusion studies of the myocardium using computerized tomography. Comparative studies in normal @entity1 and XXXX with coronary heart disease].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity4341 :: ('MESH:D004176', 'Chemical') :: ['dipyridamole']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Purpose. We aimed to describe a unique case in which a @entity1 developed unilateral @entity7995 and @entity2747 as a result of @entity5900 . Case Report. Approximately 18 hours after @entity5900 , a 67-year-old female @entity1 described @entity227 and severe @entity158 in her left eye (LE). The @entity1 's best corrected visual acuity was 10/10 in the RE and hand motion in the LE. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of @entity16 in the left optic nerve. In the LE, corneal haziness, closure of the iridocorneal angle, and mild @entity5564 were observed and pupillary light reflex was absent. Intraocular pressure was 25   mmHg and 57   mmHg in the RE and LE, respectively. The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity2747 in the LE. @entity1781 was treated with intravenous pulse @entity1667 . @entity2790 was within normal range starting on the fourth day. One month after the incident, there was no sign of @entity1781 ; relative afferent @entity2300 and @entity1781 disappeared. Conclusions. @entity1 with severe @entity10 and @entity227 must be carefully examined for possible @entity1781 and @entity2747 . Early diagnosis and treatment of these cases are necessary to prevent permanent @entity1781 .

title: @entity1781 and Acute XXXX following Snake Envenomation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss after snake envenomation', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['Left intraocular pressure']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve swelling', 'damage to optic nerves', 'optic neuropathy', 'Optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary defect']

entities_list: @entity5564 :: ('MESH:D015878', 'Disease') :: ['mydriasis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['acute angle-closure glaucoma', 'angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation', 'snake envenomation']

answer: @entity2747 :: (MESH:D015812,Disease) :: ['Angle-Closure Glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate rates and type of definitive surgical interventions for @entity1790 in Swedish @entity1 with @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This national prospective cohort study linked data from Swedish population and healthcare registries. Incidence rates and interventions for @entity1790 during follow-up in @entity1 with @entity1691 were compared to general population comparator (GPC) subjects. RESULTS: In total, 8572 @entity1691 @entity1 were followed for 49,959 @entity1 -years and 39,639 matched GPCs were followed for 225,221 @entity1 -years. Mean age at study entry was 46 years [interquartile range (IQR) 36-56 years] and 65% were male. In @entity1691 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1790 during the study period, 29% (72/250) underwent similar intervention for @entity1790 compared to 24% (114/466) GPCs (p = 0.21). The incidence rate ratio (RR) in overall @entity1691 @entity1 was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-3.8] during a median follow-up of 6.2 years (IQR 3.2-8.6 years). With prior diagnosis of @entity1790 , the RR for @entity1691 @entity1 compared to GPCs was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.7); without prior @entity1790 the RR was 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.0). Increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03], prior @entity1790 diagnosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.97-5.62) and @entity299 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03-3.91) were identified as predictors of intervention for @entity1790 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1691 have an almost three-fold increased risk of surgical intervention for @entity1290 , with similar management, compared to the general population.

title: Surgical interventions for XXXX in @entity1691 and the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity1790 :: ('MESH:D053040', 'Disease') :: ['nephrolithiasis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiac disease']

answer: @entity1790 :: (MESH:D053040,Disease) :: ['nephrolithiasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) is persistence of an anomalous embryological connection of the portal vein with a large vein of the vena cava system. Clinical presentations include @entity1448 , @entity96 , and @entity75 , but can be variable in timing and symptomatology. We report 2 @entity1 who presented 10 years apart with the same complaint of early pubarche at age 7 years, with inappropriately low @entity2990 levels. In addition to @entity3610 (elevated @entity251 and @entity2671 ) and advanced bone age, both had @entity3190 , and hypothyroxinemia. The 2nd case also had symptomatic @entity4053 . Presentation of CPSS with this combination of findings in prepubertal @entity1 has not been reported previously. With further investigations, we proposed novel mechanisms explaining these manifestations. @entity3610 is caused by decreased hepatic sulfation of @entity2494 to less active DHEAS due to shunting of @entity2494 to systemic circulation. Elevated @entity2494 is then used for synthesis of more potent @entity3800 . Shunting of postabsorbtive @entity413 from portal to systemic circulation causes early @entity4854 leading to exaggerated insulin secretion. Insulin bypasses the hepatic metabolism directly entering into the systemic circulation, which results in @entity3190 , then in turn causes late @entity4053 . Finally, hypothyroxinemia was linked to @entity3939 deficiency, which has not been reported in CPSS.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Premature Pubarche, XXXX and Hypothyroxinemia: Novel Manifestations of Congenital Portosystemic Shunts (Abernethy Malformation) in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenemia', 'Hyperandrogenemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1448 :: ('MESH:D002779', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal cholestasis']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3939 :: ('6906', 'Gene') :: ['thyroxin-binding globulin']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3190 :: (MESH:D006946,Disease) :: ['Hyperinsulinemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Our previous work has shown that there are sex differences in subjective responses to acute @entity5834 administration in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to determine if these sex differences are dependent on pubertal development. Materials and Methods: We examined subjective responses before and after administration of 0, 1, and 2   mg/kg of @entity5834 in pre- and postpubertal @entity1 and @entity1 (n   =   112). In addition, we examined differences in subjective responses to acute @entity5834 in both the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in postpubertal @entity1 . Results: @entity5834 at both doses resulted in greater changes in responses on the Addiction Research Center Inventory and the Brief Assessment of Mood States compared with placebo. @entity1 reported greater increases from baseline to peak in feeling different and liking the feeling than @entity1 after 2   mg/kg of @entity5834 regardless of pubertal stage. Postpubertal @entity1 also had a greater decrease from baseline in reports of feeling high and greater increases from baseline in reports of wanting more than postpubertal males. Finally, @entity1 had greater changes (both increases and decreases) in responses on the Brief Mood Questionnaire when in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase. This was also true for reports of feeling high and feeling different on the Drug Effects Questionnaire. None of these effects varied as a function of usual @entity5834 use, suggesting that differences are not the result of tolerance or sensitization. Conclusions: These results suggest that subjective responses to @entity5834 emerge before puberty, but sex differences may be strengthened after pubertal development.

title: Subjective Responses to XXXX Are Influenced by @entity5834 Dose, Sex, and Pubertal Stage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girls', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

answer: @entity5834 :: (MESH:D002110,Chemical) :: ['Caffeine']


abstract: To optimize detection of @entity1586 , we instituted a cleansing regimen of dietary restriction, hydration, @entity19068 , castor oil, and a cleansing enema. We then conducted a review of serially performed barium enemas to determine the percentage of @entity1 with clean colons in a mixed population of 500 inpatients and outpatients in whom this regimen had been used. The same regimen also was used before single- and double-contrast barium enemas were performed in 139 @entity1 with 234 @entity1127 , and radiologic-endoscopic correlation was used to determine the percentage of polypoid @entity5 detected. The review indicated that a clean colon had been achieved in 97% of the 500 cases. In an additional 1.4% of @entity1 , fecal residue was limited to small amounts in the cecum or ascending colon. In only two cases (0.4%) did fecal material prevent an examination that was suitable for detection of large polypoid or circumferential lesions. The single- and double-contrast barium enemas detected 80% and 91%, respectively, of polypoid lesions of all sizes. Single-contrast examinations detected 94% of @entity1127 10 mm or larger and 72% of @entity1127 5-9 mm. Double-contrast studies detected 96% of @entity1127 10 mm or larger and 88% of those 5-9 mm. The results of this study indicate that with this regimen, fecal residue does not significantly interfere with the detection of @entity1586 via barium enema examination.

title: Colonic cleansing for radiographic detection of XXXX : efficacy of the @entity19068 -castor oil-cleansing enema regimen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity19068 :: ('MESH:C110422', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium citrate']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic polyps']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of a combined supplementation with @entity1760 , @entity4259 and @entity7447 on the morphology of the thyroid in @entity1 with benign diseases. The clinical examination and treatment approach aims additionally at treating @entity85 . METHODS: A group of 8 @entity1 (5 with @entity1378 , 3 with @entity1375 ) who initially attended a public institution received additional treatment at our private institution. The basic pharmacological treatment, i.e. substitution or thyreostatic, was kept unchanged. The inclusion of @entity1 required good quality ultrasound images to be available. RESULTS: Initially the changes of the musculoskeletal system were corrected. Following this, stress components were also treated. After a period of 2-4  years of supplementation we observed a normalization of thyroid morphology as evidenced on ultrasound while at the same time there was a reduction of perfusion intensity. Thyroid antibody titers decreased in the majority of cases. Failure of the treatment was seen in 2 cases of @entity10972 that was present for more than 10  years. The ultrasound images of these @entity1 suggest a possible @entity82 . CONCLUSIONS: In spite of the limitation due to the small number of cases, our observational study has delivered proof of concept for our examination and treatment model for @entity1374 . GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our results challenge validity of the prevailing dogma of a destructive unstoppable "autoimmune" destructive process of the gland. At the same time it shows new therapeutic options for @entity1 with @entity1374 .

title: Proof of concept of the WOMED model of @entity1374 : Restitution of thyroid morphology after correction of physical and psychological stressors and XXXX supplementation.

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['benign thyroid disease', 'thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity4259 :: ('MESH:D012643', 'Chemical') :: ['selenium']

entities_list: @entity10972 :: ('MESH:C535842', 'Disease') :: ['chronic thyroiditis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal and psychological stress']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1760 :: (MESH:D008274,Chemical) :: ['magnesium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3852 is an uncommon @entity5 of the skin that often portends a poor prognosis. Since its first description by Toker in 1972, a plethora of case reports and articles regarding the etiopathogenesis and treatment have been published spanning multiple medical and surgical disciplines. Much confusion still exists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this @entity5 . OBJECT: Through extensive review of the medical, surgical, and pathological literature, to collate the observations of multiple investigators and summarize these findings. METHODS: Articles from journals of multiple subspecialties were carefully reviewed with particular emphasis placed on epidemiology, prognosis, histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, @entity5 origin, treatment, and work-up of @entity3852 . RESULTS: @entity3852 is an aggressive @entity5 . Local recurrence develops in 26-44% of @entity1 despite therapy. Up to three-fourths of @entity1 eventually develop regional nodal metastases with distant metastases occurring in one-third of all @entity1 . Reported overall 5-year survival rates range from 30% to 64%. CONCLUSION: Treatment recommendations unfortunately are based more on anecdotal than scientific data because of the rarity of the @entity5 and its recognized high risk. Most authors recommend wide local excision of the @entity75 and regional lymph node resection if lymph nodes are palpable followed by x-irradiation of both the postsurgical bed and lymph node basin. The role of elective lymph node resection in the absence of clinically positive nodes remains controversial.

title: XXXX . Diagnosis and treatment.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant neoplasm', 'ominous tumor', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']