abstract: @entity15133 is confined in tropical and subtropical regions, which can cause life-threatening disease. It is the only @entity15133 species that is pathogenic to @entity1 . Because of its rarity, clinicians often do not appreciate its importance when it is isolated. We report a fulminate fatal case of @entity15134 @entity2259 in a 20-year-old male Taiwanese. The clinical manifestations were @entity221 and @entity490 , followed by @entity1151 . Emergent laparotomy identified @entity697 with @entity397 . Flomoxef @entity1372 was administered immediately. However, his condition deteriorated rapidly and he died within 48 h after the onset of illness. Two sets of blood culture yielded @entity15134 . Physicians should be aware of the occurrence of this infection in summer season.

title: @entity15133 XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['shock and pulmonary septic embolism']

entities_list: @entity15133 :: ('536', 'Species') :: ['Chromobacterium violaceum', 'Chromobacterium']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2259 :: ('MESH:D016470', 'Disease') :: ['bacteremia']

answer: @entity2259 :: (MESH:D016470,Disease) :: ['bacteremia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 face several challenges during pregnancy, childbirth and in relation to breastfeeding. It is therefore of utmost importance to consider their need for specific support, early postpartum as well as in daily life after discharge from maternity care. Few studies have investigated these aspects of healthcare. The aim of this study was to explore experiences after childbirth regarding breastfeeding, glycemic control, support and well-being in @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: A hermeneutic reflective life world research approach was used in this qualitative study. Data was gathered through audio-recorded focus group discussions and individual interviews with 23 @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 , 6-24 months after childbirth. After verbatim transcription, the text was analyzed in order to identify themes of meaning and a conclusive interpretation of the explored phenomenon. RESULTS: Experiences of extraordinary exposure challenged the @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 in their transition to early motherhood. The exposure included a struggle with breastfeeding, although with a driving force to succeed. Everyday life was filled with uncertainty and unpredictability related to one's own unstable glycemic control and the @entity1 down-prioritized their own needs in favor of the @entity1 . A feeling of being disconnected from professional care further contributed to the experiences of extraordinary exposure. CONCLUSION: In early motherhood @entity1 with @entity164 1 @entity6 have a great need for support in managing daily life postpartum, which requires contemporary approaches to overlap insufficient linkage between health care professionals in maternity and @entity1 health care, and @entity6 care.

title: Extraordinary exposed in early motherhood - a qualitative study exploring experiences of mothers with @entity164 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the extent to which changes in blood pressure, smoking, and serum @entity165 concentration explain the observed increase in socioeconomic differences in mortality from @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in Finland during the past 20 years. DESIGN: Predicted changes in mortality from @entity299 were calculated using logistic regression models with the risk factor levels assessed by cross sectional population surveys conducted in 1972, 1977, 1982, and 1987. The subjects included @entity62 workers and farmers. The predicted changes were compared with the observed mortality changes in the same socioeconomic groups in the total population of the same geographical area. SETTING: North Karelia and Kuopio provinces, eastern Finland. @entity1 : 16,741 @entity1 and 16,389 @entity1 aged 30-59 randomly drawn from the population registers of the study areas. Mortality data were obtained from the total population in the same areas. MAIN RESULTS: In @entity1 , the changes in diastolic blood pressure, total serum @entity165 , and smoking predicted a 28% decline in the mortality from @entity299 among @entity62 , a 30% decline among blue collar workers, and a 33% decline in farmers. Observed declines in the same socioeconomic groups were 61%, 40%, and 37%, respectively. In @entity1 , the predicted decline was 41% among @entity62 , 35% among blue collar workers, and 39% among farmers. The respective observed declines were 57%, 43%, and 20%. CONCLUSIONS: Less than half of the decline in @entity299 mortality among white collar @entity1 was explained by the risk factor changes, while they explained 75% of the decline among blue collar @entity1 and 89% of the decline among male farmers. Changes in risk factors did not explain the increasing difference in @entity299 mortality between the socioeconomic groups, especially among @entity1 .

title: Do changes in cardiovascular risk factors explain the increasing socioeconomic difference in mortality from XXXX in Finland?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white collar and blue collar', 'white collar workers']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'IHD']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['ischaemic heart disease']


abstract: Splint therapy is a widely used modality for @entity2956 ( @entity2956 ). However, questions remain regarding the mechanism of symptom relief. Recently, a relation between @entity9321 and a discrepancy between the habitual occlusal position (HOP) and the anterior flat plane bite plate-induced occlusal position (BPOP) has been reported. Therefore, to understand the mechanism of the symptom relief associated with the use of a bite plate, the changes in both the HOP and BPOP values were observed during anterior bite plate treatment in a @entity1 with @entity9321 . CASE PRESENTATION: Anterior bite plate treatment was started in a @entity1 complaining of @entity4841 . A discrepancy between the HOP and BPOP values was recorded three days after the first visit; this discrepancy disappeared on day 6, and the disappearance was maintained between days 6 and 12. The disappearance was associated with a decrease in the severity of the @entity1 's symptoms; however, the discrepancy reappeared after 15 days, coinciding with the complete disappearance of the @entity1 's symptoms. Therefore, the effect of the bite plate on the resolution of the discrepancy between the HOP and BPOP values was interpreted as being unsustainable and occlusal equilibration for the BPOP was performed at 17 days. Thereafter, neither a discrepancy in the HOP and BPOP values nor any symptoms of @entity9321 (right temporomandibular joint @entity158 or limited jaw opening) reoccurred during a two-year follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of the present study, the symptom-relieving action of an anterior flat plane bite plate on the resolution of occlusal discrepancy appeared to be temporary. This outcome supports previously reported conclusions that the effectiveness of stabilization splint therapy for reducing symptoms in @entity1 with @entity158 does not differ significantly from that of other conservative therapies or of no treatment at all.

title: A case report of the symptom-relieving action of an anterior flat plane bite plate for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders', 'TMDs']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain dysfunction syndrome', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorder']


abstract: Resection was carried out in 1,025 of 1,654 @entity1 with @entity5 or esophagogastric junction at the Peking Medical College Hospitals in China from 1953 through 1973. All @entity5 of the esophagus were @entity957 except for five @entity420 . A lesion localized within the esophageal wall was found in 55% and lymph node @entity3 in 41.3% of the @entity1 undergoing resection. All @entity5 of the esophagogastric junction were @entity420 . The @entity5 had invaded beyond the boundaries of the stomach in 76.7% of these @entity1 , and positive nodes were found in 61% of the @entity1 . The rate of resectability was 81.2% for @entity418 and 74% for @entity5 of the esophagogastric junction. Surgical mortality after resection was 4.9% (50/1,025). The 5-year survival after resection was 20.9% (214/1,025). Better results were found following complete resection: 24% (210/875) for all @entity1 , 28.2% (162/575) for @entity1 with @entity5 , and 16% (48/300) for @entity1 with @entity5 of the esophagogastric junction. Late survival at 10, 15, and 20 years after resection of @entity418 was 20%, 12%, and 7.4%, respectively. The favorable prognostic factors after resection of @entity418 were @entity5 of the lower third of the esophagus, the absence of lymph node involvement, and the presence of a localized lesion. The 5-year survival for @entity1 with @entity5 of the lower third of the esophagus was 32.7%. It was 64.2% for @entity1 with a localized lesion with negative nodes in this subgroup.

title: XXXX and esophagogastric junction: analysis of results of 1,025 resections after 5 to 20 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer of the esophagus', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer of esophagus']


abstract: Clinical staging does not define the true extent of disease in approximately one-third of the @entity1 with early cervical @entity5 . Unless clear nodular @entity5 extension into the parametria is palpable a @entity1 should be considered for surgical therapy. This involves a thorough staging laparotomy, including the exploration of the pelvic retroperitoneal spaces and para-aortic node dissection. If the disease appears to be confined to the cervix a radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy is performed. If gross @entity5 invasion into the parametria, the bladder, or rectum muscularis is documented, the @entity1 is treated with pelvic radiation. If microscopic distant metastases to the para-aortic nodes are found, extended field radiation and possible chemotherapy is the treatment of choice. Survival is determined mostly by the extent of disease at the time of treatment. Therapy has to encompass the whole region affected by disease in order to provide the @entity1 with a chance of cure. For disease beyond the cervix, regional radiation makes more sense. Just as in the study published by Zander's group (Zander et al, 1980), we add radiation if microscopic disease beyond the cervix is found after a radical hysterectomy. However, additional radiation adds morbidity, length of therapy, and cost. Unless there is clear proof that adequate primary radiation is inferior to surgery and postoperative radiation we recommend radiation for @entity5 with proven Stages IIb and above. The benefit of systemic chemotherapy as an alternative to postoperative radiation needs to be evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Staging laparotomy and radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer of the cervix', 'tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer of the cervix']


abstract: The number of @entity1 with @entity6 (GDM: @entity6 first diagnosed in pregnancy) continues to grow, as do the associated risks of antenatal and postnatal complications and the chance of future @entity6 and @entity28 in both mother and offspring. Recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated clear benefits for intensive management of GDM using lifestyle modification, self blood @entity413 monitoring, close clinical supervision and, where glycaemia remains inadequately controlled, insulin therapy. More recently, @entity2449 and @entity5217 have been shown to adequately reduce hyperglycaemia as part of a stepped approach to GDM management, with a switch to insulin therapy where necessary. Other oral medications have not been shown to be safe in pregnancy. @entity1 insulin therapy is safe within the limits of hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 . Most insulin analogues are also now considered safe for use in pregnancy (insulin lispro, aspart and detemir). @entity2449 therapy is oral, and therefore preferred to insulin, but is associated with more gastrointestinal adverse effects, although not hypoglycaemia or @entity1017 . Conversely, @entity5217 is also an oral therapy but is associated with hypoglycaemia and @entity1017 . However, @entity2449 crosses the placenta and it remains unclear whether @entity5217 crosses the placenta or not: long-term risks have not been shown, and are thought to be minimal, but further studies are needed. @entity2449 is seen by some as the treatment of choice where @entity1017 is an issue, providing that the unanswered questions over the long-term safety of oral agents have been discussed.

title: Safety considerations with pharmacological treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: The @entity563 proteinase inhibitors (serpins) are a superfamily of proteins with a diverse set of functions, including the control of @entity1003 , complement activation, programmed cell death and development. The most abundant serpins in @entity1 plasma are @entity6417 ( @entity6417 ) and @entity8698 (ACT). During @entity32 , circulating levels can increase by up to 3-fold for the former and by 4-5-fold for the latter. The major site for increased synthesis is the liver. Other tissues, such as the lung, are also capable of synthesizing @entity6417 and ACT, and expression can be increased by up to 100-fold by cytokines. There is a tissue-specific promoter for the liver, and alternative promoters for other tissues that express @entity6417 . Basal @entity6417 expression is regulated by the synergistic action of the tissue-specific transcription factors hepatocyte nuclear factors 1alpha and 4. An enhancer positioned approx. 1.2 kb from the end of the last exon in the 3' flanking sequence modulates cytokine-induced expression by @entity650 and @entity9255 . Microcell hybrid transfection studies have shown that a sequence containing 15 kb of 5' flanking sequence is sufficient to allow stable expression of @entity6417 in a position-independent manner. There is probably a single promoter for ACT. @entity9255 -inducible elements have been identified in the 5' flanking sequence approx. 100 bp upstream from the transcription initiation site, and a further interleukin-1-responsive enhancer has been identified approx. 13 kb upstream. The pathways for a humoral response are being mapped at high resolution.

title: Gene regulation of the @entity563 proteinase inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity9255 :: ('5008', 'Gene') :: ['Oncostatin M', 'oncostatin M']

entities_list: @entity8698 :: ('12', 'Gene') :: ['alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

answer: @entity8698 :: (12,Gene) :: ['alpha1-antichymotrypsin']


abstract: Immunoglobulins A, G1, @entity72415 and M were localized at the corneal surface of adult Swiss-Webster @entity19 using Sternberger's peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique. Immunoglobulins G2b, G3 and E and lysozyme were not present at the corneal surface of the @entity19 . Light microscopy of whole @entity19 eyes incubated for the detection of @entity40261 ( @entity40261 ) demonstrated a population of positively-stained corneal surface cells. @entity9686 , @entity9749 and IgM could not be similarly detected at the light microscopic level. At the transmission electron microscopic level, a greater amount of staining for @entity40261 was localized over the mature corneal surface cells. A lesser amount of @entity40261 staining occurred over the young and mature corneal surface cells. In contrast to this, @entity9686 , @entity9749 and IgM were randomly distributed over the corneal surface and were not preferentially localized over young or mature surface cells. The staining for @entity9686 , @entity9749 and IgM was less than the staining for @entity40261 at the corneal surface. @entity40261 was also localized at the corneal surface using an indirect immunoferritin technique. These studies suggest that immunoglobulins A, G and M are intimately associated with the glycocalyx and microvilli of the corneal surface cells. At present it is not known whether these immunoglobulins are bound directly to the surface cell apical plasma membrane or indirectly via mucus glycoproteins at the ocular surface.

title: Immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulins at the corneal surface of the XXXX .

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: PURPOSE: Peritoneal seeding is the most common type of @entity3 or recurrence and one of the poor prognostic factors in @entity356 . Moreover, there are as yet no effective treatment modalities available. Recently some research groups suggested the benefit of combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, but the related experiments remain in the trial stage. Therefore, we assessed the safety and evaluated the efficacy of combined cytoreductive surgery and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) in @entity356 @entity1 with @entity298 of @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From Nov. 1997 to May. 2002, eighteen cases of combined cytoreduction and EPIC were performed in the @entity5 Center Hospital due to @entity356 with @entity298 . The control group consisted of 33 @entity1 who had no resection without EPIC during the same periods. After combined cytoreductive surgery and EPIC, all @entity1 received systemic chemotheraphy with the exception of 2 @entity1 who could not tolerate the treatment. We retrospectively investigated the clinicopathologic features and analyzed the factors affecting the prognosis. Median follow-up period was 11.9 months (range 0.5~61 months). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 11.0 for Windows. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS: There was one case of the treatment-related mortality (5.5%) and seven cases of treatment-related complications (38%) in the combined cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy group. One-, 3- and 5-year survival rates of cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC were 57.6%, 25.9% and 13.0%, respectively, and those of the control group were 18.2%, 3% and 0%, respectively. Survival of the combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC group was better than that of the control group (p=0.0026). In multivariate analysis of prognostic factors affecting the survival, combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC (p=0.02) and systemic chemotherapy (p=0.019) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Although a small number of cases were included in this study, combined cytoreductive surgery plus EPIC showed survival benefit and retained a comparable complication rate compared with the control group.

title: Combined Cytoreductive Surgery and Early Postoperative Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for XXXX of @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Korea Cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['Peritoneal Carcinomatosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Within a three-step mixed-methods study to investigate using acupuncture and moxibustion (acu/moxa) in the management of @entity5 treatment-related upper @entity1053 , Step 2 obtained preliminary data about: 1) whether acu/moxa can improve quality of life, 2) the most troublesome symptoms, and 3) adverse effects. METHODS AND SAMPLE: An exploratory single-arm observational clinical study included breast (BC) and @entity135 ( @entity135 ) survivors with mild-to-moderate uncomplicated lymphoedema for >= 3 months, >= 3 months post active- @entity5 treatment, no active @entity5 , undergoing routine lymphoedema maintenance. @entity1 received seven individualised treatments (S1), and six optional additional treatments (S2). MYMOP, SF-36 and PANAS were administered at baseline, during each series, and at follow-up 4 and 12 weeks after end-of-treatment. The primary outcome was change in MYMOP scores at the end of each series. KEY RESULTS: Of 35 @entity1 recruited, 30 completed S1 and S2, 3 completed S1, 2 were lost to the study. Mean MYMOP profile change scores for BC @entity1 were 1.28 points improvement on a 7-point scale (sd  =  0.93, p  <  0.0001, n  =  25) for S1; and 1.41 for S2 (sd  =  0.94, p  <  0.0001, n  =  24). S1 @entity135 change scores were 2.29 points improvement (sd  =  0.62, p  <  0.0001, n  =  7); and 0.94 for S2 (sd  =  0.95, p  =  0.06, n  =  6). Changes in some SF-36 scores for BC @entity1 were significant to 4 weeks after treatment. No serious adverse effects were reported. CONCLUSION: This small study suggests acu/moxa is an acceptable adjunct to usual care for @entity5 survivors with lymphoedema. Further rigorous research is warranted to explore the effectiveness of acu/moxa in reducing the symptom burden.

title: Assessing the feasibility of using acupuncture and moxibustion to improve quality of life for @entity5 survivors with upper XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1053 :: ('MESH:D001835', 'Disease') :: ['body lymphoedema']

answer: @entity1053 :: (MESH:D001835,Disease) :: ['body lymphoedema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We prepared a bone scaffold material comprising a @entity7050 / @entity28687 core and a Type I collagen cladding, and recombined it with bone @entity236 stem cells (BMSCs) to evaluate its potential for use in bone tissue engineering by in vivo and in vitro experiments. @entity7050 / @entity28687 without a cladding was used for comparison. The adherence rate of the BMSCs to the scaffold was determined by cell counting. Cell proliferation rate was determined by the @entity2454 method. The osteogenic capability was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity. The scaffold materials were recombined with the BMSCs and implanted into a large segmental @entity95 radial defect model to evaluate defect repair. Osteogenesis was assessed in the scaffold materials by histological and double immunofluorescence labeling, etc. The adherence number, proliferation number, and alkaline phosphatase expression of the cells on the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the @entity7050 / @entity28687 composite scaffold material (P < 0.05). An in vivo test indicated that the bone scaffold material with core-cladding structure completely degraded at the bone defect site and bone formation was completed. The @entity95 large sentimental radial defect was successfully repaired. The degradation and osteogenesis rates matched well. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure exhibited better osteogenic activity and capacity to repair a @entity79 compared to the @entity7050 / @entity28687 composite scaffold. The bone scaffold with core-cladding structure has excellent physical properties and biocompatibility. It is an ideal scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.

title: Repairing @entity95 radial defects by combining bone XXXX stem cells with bone scaffold material comprising a core-cladding structure.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['large segmental bone defect']

entities_list: @entity2454 :: ('MESH:C022616', 'Chemical') :: ['3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['marrow stroma']

answer: @entity236 :: (MESH:D001855,Disease) :: ['marrow stroma']


abstract: The contraction of smooth muscle is regulated primarily by intracellular @entity141 signal. It is well established that the elevation of the cytosolic @entity141 level activates @entity19077 , which phosphorylates 20 kDa regulatory @entity3999 light chain and activates @entity3999 ATPase. The simultaneous measurement of cytosolic @entity141 concentration and force development revealed that the alteration of the @entity141 -sensitivity of the contractile apparatus as well as the @entity141 signal plays a critical role in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. The fluctuation of an extent of @entity3999 phosphorylation for a given change in @entity141 concentration is considered to contribute to the major mechanisms regulating the @entity141 -sensitivity. The level of @entity3999 phosphorylation is determined by the balance between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The phosphorylation level for a given @entity141 elevation is increased either by @entity141 -independent activation of phosphorylation process or inhibition of dephosphorylation. In the last decade, the isolation and cloning of @entity3999 phosphatase facilitated the understanding of regulatory mechanism of dephosphorylation process at the molecular level. The inhibition of @entity3999 phosphatase can be achieved by (1) alteration of hetrotrimeric structure, (2) phosphorylation of 110 kDa regulatory subunit @entity31050 at the specific site and (3) inhibitory protein @entity30265 upon its phosphorylation. Rho-kinase was first identified to phosphorylate @entity31050 , and later many kinases were found to phosphorylate @entity31050 and inhibit dephosphorylation of @entity3999 . Similarly, the phosphorylation of @entity30265 can be catalysed by multiple kinases. Moreover, the @entity3999 light chain can be phosphorylated by not only authentic @entity3999 light chain kinase in a @entity141 -dependent manner but also by multiple kinases in a @entity141 -independent manner, thus adding a novel mechanism to the regulation of the @entity141 -sensitivity by regulating the phosphorylation process. It is now clarified that the @entity16084 network is involved in the regulation of @entity3999 phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. However, the physiological role of each component remains to be determined. One approach to accomplish this purpose is to investigate the effects of the dominant negative mutants of the signalling molecule on the smooth muscle contraction. In this regards, a protein transduction technique utilizing the cell-penetrating peptides would provide a useful tool. In the preliminary study, we succeeded in introducing a fragment of @entity31050 into the arterial strips, and found enhancement of contraction.

title: XXXX network in the regulation of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of smooth muscle @entity3999 light chain.

entities_list: @entity19077 :: ('4638', 'Gene') :: ['myosin light chain kinase']

answer: @entity16084 :: (1022,Gene) :: ['Protein kinase']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of mechanical on electrical remodeling or electrical instability of the heart shows that it is essential for the prevention of @entity944 to avoid or delay mechanical remodeling and neurohumoral activation after @entity583 . In other words, @entity1 after @entity583 prone to neurohumoral activation need to be treated with ACE inhibitors or perhaps AT1-receptor blockers and beta blockers to maintain electrical stability. @entity737 INDICATION: MADIT I and MUSTT study showed that @entity1 with severe @entity67 after @entity583 are at high risk of @entity944 , especially in presence of electrical instabilities indicated by @entity943 . These @entity1 certainly need an @entity737 ( @entity737 ). It is not clear so far whether or not the indication needs to be extended according to the MADIT II study. In other words, need all @entity1188 @entity1 with reduced pump function an @entity737 ? There is no doubt that many @entity1 with an ejection fraction below 30% have @entity943 and fulfil therefore the inclusion criteria for the MADIT I or MUSTT study. In MADIT I, a run of three @entity1540 force was sufficient to fulfil the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: Another important consequence of the temporal correlation between mechanical and electrical remodeling is that specific attention must be directed to these interrelations in @entity1 after @entity583 . @entity1 who die of @entity944 in comparison to surviving @entity1 a substantial dilatation of the left ventricular during 6 months of observation which parallel the increasing incidence of @entity1540 . The consequence for therapy would be that in @entity1 who present with @entity5988 during 6 months after @entity583 , electrical instability is present and a high risk of @entity944 exists. These @entity1 probably will benefit from an @entity737 .

title: [ @entity943 during remodeling after XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5988 :: ('MESH:C565277', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death', 'sudden death show']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular premature beats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Percutaneous absorption of chemicals is generally considered a diffusional process, with the rate-limiting barrier being the nonviable stratum corneum. Because viable skin possesses enzyme activities, including those involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, the extent to which cutaneous metabolism may influence the percutaneous fate of topically applied chemicals in the skin was examined in @entity1 skin maintained as short-term organ cultures. Skin samples from @entity19 , @entity35 , @entity95 , @entity840 , marmoset, and @entity1 were examined. The results from studies with @entity3014 (BP) and @entity251 showed that, in all species, metabolic viability was a major factor involved in the in vitro skin permeation of surface-applied chemicals. Permeation was accompanied by extensive cutaneous "first pass" metabolism; both parent compounds and a full spectrum of metabolites were found in the receptor fluid from viable skin preparations. However, in previously frozen nonviable skin preparations, essentially only unchanged parent compounds were detected in the receptor fluid. Permeation of BP and @entity251 was highest in @entity19 skin, and significant species variations in the metabolite profiles were observed. Studies with @entity19 skin also demonstrated that induction of cutaneous drug-metabolizing enzymes can result in a two- to threefold increase in the in vitro permeation of topical BP, and a significant reduction in permeation was observed when @entity3984 was added to the perfusion medium. These results indicate that diffusional and metabolic processes are intimately involved in the percutaneous fate of surface-applied chemicals. The relative importance of these processes is dependent upon the physicochemical properties of the compounds and the metabolic capabilities of the skin toward the compounds in question. Furthermore, these findings suggest that meaningful in vitro studies on skin absorption should consider both diffusion and cutaneous biotransformation of the applied compound.

title: Skin penetration and metabolism of topically applied chemicals in six @entity1 species, including @entity1 : an in vitro study with XXXX and @entity251 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'man']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

answer: @entity3014 :: (MESH:D001564,Chemical) :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) is a devastating @entity64 subtype. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) function in the degradation of extracellular matrix and the activities of MMPs are modulated by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). This study aimed to discuss relationship of @entity1476 and @entity1552 to @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) susceptibility and @entity1410 size. METHODS: Associations were tested by logistic regression and @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ) where appropriate, adjusting with covariables of age, sex, @entity101 , @entity6 , smoking, and @entity285 consumption. Association analyses were performed first by stratification of genders and then by the age of 65 years old (y/o). Elder population was defined as subjects who were older than 65 y/o. RESULTS: There were 396 @entity1779 @entity1 and 376 control subjects in this study. In the elder group, @entity72510 @entity11414 variant in @entity1552 was associated with @entity1779 in male and overall @entity1 (OR = 3.49, 95% CI 1.45 to 8.40, P = 0.005 and OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.38, P = 0.003, respectively) in additive genetic model. In recessive genetic model, @entity37057 TT genotype in @entity1476 was correlated to @entity1779 in male @entity1 and overall elder group (OR = 7.30, 95% CI 1.3 to 40, P = 0.02 and OR = 2.91, 95% CI 1.02 to 8.31, P = 0.046, respectively), and @entity72511 AA genotype in @entity1552 was associated with @entity1779 in female @entity1 (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.1 to 0.84, P = 0.02). In younger male and overall younger @entity1 , @entity1779 @entity1 who had @entity548 had significantly lower frequency of AA genotypes in @entity72511 than those with @entity548 (OR = 0.36, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.75, P = 0.006 and OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.84, P = 0.014, respectively). @entity548 size increased by 9.7 (95% CI 2.1 to 43, P = 0.004) cm3 per minor allele (A) of the @entity72510 variant in the elder female @entity1 and increased by 4.3 (95% CI 1.4 to 12.9, P = 0.009) cm3 per minor allele (A) in all elder @entity1 . In younger @entity1 , the @entity548 size decreased by 3.3 (95% CI 1.2 to 9.5, P = 0.03) cm3 per minor allele of the s7503726 variant in the female @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a significant association between the variants of @entity1476 and @entity1552 promoters and @entity1779 susceptibility with significant age and gender differences. @entity548 location and size might be affected by @entity1552 promoter variants in the @entity1779 @entity1 .

title: Polymorphisms in the Promoters of the @entity1476 and @entity1552 Genes Are Associated with Spontaneous XXXX in the Taiwan Population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'infratentorial hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage', 'supratentorial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['general linear models', 'GLM']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['SDICH', 'ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage', 'spontaneous deep ICH']

answer: @entity1779 :: (MESH:D002543,Disease) :: ['Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage']


abstract: Following electrical stimulation of perianal skin, short latency evoked electromyographic (EMG) responses from the external and sphincter have been interpreted as the electrophysiological correlate of the anal reflex. Delayed responses in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity322 have been interpreted as evidence for denervation of the external anal sphincter. Electrically evoked responses were studied in normal subjects, either before and during spinal anaesthesia (n = 8), or before and during competitive @entity4094 (n = 4), instituted for operative purposes. Short latency responses persisted unchanged in either latency or duration during spinal anaesthesia whereas long latency responses were completely abolished. Both short and long latency responses were abolished during competitive @entity4094 . Short latency responses are not spinal reflex in nature, but due to stimulus activation of alpha-motoneuronal terminal branches. Delayed responses in incontinent @entity1 cannot be interpreted as evidence for @entity16 . Long latency (i.e. greater than 40 ms) responses demand a functional sacral spinal cord and represent the true anal reflex. Their wide range of latency in normal subjects suggests this measurement will be of little use in confirming the presence or absence of @entity16 , and that other measures of @entity16 may be more appropriate.

title: Electrically evoked activity in the XXXX external anal sphincter.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular blockade']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['pudendal neuropathy', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound (3D-EAUS) on postoperative outcome in @entity1 with @entity9292 . METHOD: This prospective study compared clinical and functional outcomes of @entity1 with and without preoperative 3D-EAUS examination 1  year after @entity9292 surgery. @entity1 were prospectively followed and evaluated by a standardized protocol including physical examination, the Wexner Incontinence Score (WIS) and anorectal manometry, at baseline and 1  year after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity1 were enrolled. There were no significant differences in demographic and operative parameters, except for operation time, between the two groups. At 1  year follow-up, the overall recurrence rates were 8.8% (9/102) in the 3D-EAUS group and 13.8% (13/94) in the examination under anaesthesia (EUA) group. In the subgroup of @entity1 with complex fistulae, the recurrence rate was numerically lower in the 3D-EAUS group (12.8% vs 22.5%; P  =  0.26). The WIS in the EUA group significantly worsened (0.35      0.94 vs 1.07      1.59; P  =  0.003) with a decreased the number of fully continent @entity1 (82.5% vs 55%; P  =  0.008) while neither the WIS nor the proportion of fully continent @entity1 changed in the 3D-EAUS group. Fewer @entity1 in the 3D-EAUS group developed @entity322 postoperatively (6.7% vs 33.3%; P  =  0.012) and they had better maximum resting pressure and maximum squeeze pressure than the EUA group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative use of 3D-EAUS had a favourable impact on the outcome of surgical treatment for anal fistulae, especially in those with @entity9292 . It should be routinely used in the clinical setting.

title: Impact of three-dimensional endoanal ultrasound on the outcome of XXXX surgery: a prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9292 :: ('MESH:D012003', 'Disease') :: ['complex anal fistula', 'anal fistula']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity9292 :: (MESH:D012003,Disease) :: ['anal fistula']


abstract: We investigated the effects of static and rhythmic handgrip on the time course of recovery of airway resistance measured with the interrupter technique (Rint) following bronchoconstriction induced by @entity2710 ( @entity17695 ) inhalation in 17 @entity748 @entity1 . On three separate occasions, a 100 +/- 5% increase in baseline Rint was induced by MCh inhalation. Subsequently, @entity1 either rested [control trials (CTs)] or performed 3-min bouts of static or rhythmic handgrip. Respiratory and cardiovascular variables were continuously monitored. Rint changes were assessed at 1-min intervals for 30 min after rest and both types of handgrip. Plasma @entity2922 concentrations were also determined at scheduled intervals. Bronchoconstriction increased ventilation (P < 0.01) but did not affect cardiovascular variables and plasma @entity2922 concentrations. Handgrip provoked an increase in cardiovascular variables (P < 0.01) and plasma @entity1063 concentrations (P < 0.05) but caused no additional changes in ventilation. Rint only partially recovered within 30 min after CTs, whereas it consistently decreased 1 min after both handgrip paradigms and remained lower than after CTs (P always <0.01) for the whole 30-min observation period. Sympathetic activation and withdrawal of cholinergic input to the airway smooth muscle reflexly induced by activation of skeletal muscle and carotid sinus receptors may be the primary events accounting for the bronchodilator response induced by handgrip. Mediators co-released in response to sympathetic activation may also have contributed.

title: Handgrip-induced airway dilation in @entity748 XXXX with bronchoconstriction induced by MCh inhalation.

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2710 :: ('MESH:D016210', 'Chemical') :: ['methacholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the expression of @entity20688 ( @entity20688 ) in the serum and expression of @entity28477 ( @entity28477 ) in the articular cartilage cells of @entity95 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Inner patellar ligament defect method was used to establish the model of knee @entity571 . Four weeks after the modeling, the arterial blood was drawn from the ear of each @entity95 , while ELISA was employed to detect the expression of @entity20688 in the serum. The chondrocytes were separated from animals in each group and then cultured in  vitro. All @entity95 were divided into control group, @entity571 model group and @entity571  +  LIPUS group. Cells in the control and @entity571 groups were not treated, while cells in the @entity571  +  LIPUS group were treated with LIPUS (40  mW/cm(2), 1 time/day). Cells were collected 7  d later and the RNA and total protein were extracted respectively. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to analyze the expression of @entity28477 in chondrocytes at the mRNA and protein level, respectively. RESULTS: The success rate of establishment of @entity571 model was 83%. The results of ELISA showed that the content of @entity20688 in the serum of animals with @entity571 was 22.3%, lower than the one in the control group (P  <  0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the expression of @entity20688 in the @entity571 model group was significantly increased, while the expression of @entity28477 was significantly increased (P  <  0.05). After the stimulation of LIPUS, the expression of @entity20688 and @entity28477 was close to the one in the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS: The inner patellar ligament defect method is a mature method to establish the @entity95 @entity571 model, with high success rate. The expression of serum @entity20688 in the @entity571 model group is significantly decreased. LIPUS can up-regulate @entity20688 and down-regulate @entity28477 .

title: Effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on expression of @entity20688 in serum and expression of @entity28477 in articular cartilage of @entity95 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity20688 :: ('100008689(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: Camptotheca (Nyssaceae) is a major source of anticancer @entity9800 ( @entity1191 ). It is imperative to understand @entity1191 accumulation and variations in Camptotheca in order to develop @entity1191 production strategies for endangered germplasm. Our study results showed that @entity1191 is primarily accumulated in glandular trichomes of leaves and stems, and @entity1191 content varies among species and varieties but even more significantly within the plant (with different tissues, tissue ages, and seasons). Because of higher @entity1191 yield and desirable biological and ecological features, 'Hicksii' and 'Katie' should be considered the major management germplasm as @entity1191 sources in the future. Young leaves and mature fruits have higher @entity1191 contents than other tissues in the plants. Young photosynthetic leaves and stems contain higher @entity1191 contents than old ones, but 'sink' tissues such as wood, roots, and fruits show different patterns. @entity1191 content also shows a great seasonal change, but is less influenced by tree age. Intact clipping of young leaves and stems should be managed for harvest for @entity1191 production. Preservation and treatment methods influence the @entity1191 extraction. @entity1191 is better preserved in fresh or freeze-dried material than in air or oven-dried material. @entity1191 can be more efficiently extracted after homogenizer treatment of plant materials because more trichome walls can be broken to allow solvent extraction.

title: XXXX accumulation and variations in camptotheca.

entities_list: @entity9800 :: ('MESH:D002166', 'Chemical') :: ['camptothecin']

answer: @entity9800 :: (MESH:D002166,Chemical) :: ['Camptothecin']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with relapsed @entity1073 have poor prognosis and short survival. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of nonablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation in @entity1 with relapsed @entity1073 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 were treated in one of two consecutive trials. Thirteen @entity1 underwent a conditioning regimen of @entity3118 (30 mg/m2 daily for 3 days), @entity786 (750 mg/m2 daily for 3 days), and high-dose rituximab. For the remaining five @entity1 , the conditioning regimen consisted of @entity900 (25 mg/m2 daily for 4 days), @entity3118 (30 mg/m2 daily for 2 days), and @entity2592 (1,000 mg/m2 daily for 2 days). @entity1140 and @entity1499 were used for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. RESULTS: The median age was 56.5 years. @entity1 underwent a median of three prior chemotherapy regimens. Prior autologous transplantation failed in five (28%) @entity1 and 16 (89%) had chemosensitive disease. Donor cell engraftment occurred in all @entity1 . Eight @entity1 (44%) required no platelet or RBC transfusion, and @entity2132 of greater than grade 2 did not develop in any @entity1 . The day-100 mortality was 0%. Complete remission (CR) occurred in 17 @entity1 . Three @entity1 progressed, and one was reinduced into continuous CR with donor lymphocyte infusion. With a median follow-up period of 26 months, the actuarial probability of current-event-free-survival at 3 years was 82% (95% CI, 65% to 99%). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that nonablative allogeneic transplantation is a safe and potentially effective strategy for @entity1 with relapsed and chemosensitive @entity1073 .

title: Nonablative allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for advanced/recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['acute graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report three unrelated @entity1 with a distinctive phenotype of @entity8433 , @entity2057 , and @entity1121 . The @entity1 all had a homozygous missense mutation in @entity32749 . BACKGROUND: @entity32749 encodes a @entity31771 , thought to function as a @entity920 transporter to cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal enzyme of the respiratory chain. Mutations in @entity32749 have been described in @entity1 with severe @entity7319 and early onset fatal @entity1184 . All @entity1 so far reported are compound heterozygotes for a missense mutation ( @entity32750 ) near the predicted CxxxC metal binding motif; however, recent functional studies of the homologous mutation in @entity375 failed to demonstrate an effect on respiration. METHODS: Here we present clinical, biochemical, morphologic, functional, MRI, and @entity7748 data in two @entity1 , and a short report in an additional @entity1 , all carrying a homozygous @entity70728 transition ( @entity32750 ). RESULTS: The disease onset and symptoms differed significantly from those in compound heterozygotes. MRI and muscle morphology demonstrated an age-dependent progression of disease with predominant involvement of white matter, late appearance of @entity21 , and @entity2057 in addition to the relatively late onset of @entity1121 . The @entity920 uptake of cultured fibroblasts was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical spectrum of @entity32749 deficiency includes the delayed development of @entity1121 and severe @entity2057 . There is increased @entity920 uptake in @entity1 ' fibroblasts indicating that the @entity70728 mutation effects cellular @entity920 metabolism.

title: Homozygosity ( @entity32750 ) in XXXX causes delayed infantile onset of cardiomyopathy and neuropathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['infantile hypertrophic cardioencephalomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity7319 :: ('MESH:D030401', 'Disease') :: ['COX deficiency']

entities_list: @entity8433 :: ('MESH:D007888', 'Disease') :: ['Leigh-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity31771 :: ('10989', 'Gene') :: ['mitochondrial inner membrane protein']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['basal ganglia lesions']

entities_list: @entity2057 :: ('MESH:D009133', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic muscular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity32749 :: (9997,Gene) :: ['SCO2']


abstract: @entity12010 ( @entity12010 ) type 2 is defined by the manifestation of at least two @entity792 . Only few data exist on genetic associations of @entity12010 . In this controlled study, 98 @entity1 with @entity12010 , 96 @entity1 with @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ), and 92 @entity1 with @entity1669 , both as a single @entity792 , were tested for association with alleles of the human @entity4107 loci @entity1533 , @entity8167 , and @entity3098 . @entity1 with @entity12010 had significantly more often the alleles @entity1533 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), @entity1533 *04 (P(c) < 0.000005), @entity8167 *03 (P(c) < 0.0001), and @entity3098 *02 (P(c) < 0.05), when compared with controls. Less frequent in @entity12010 were @entity1533 *15 (P(c) < 0.05), @entity8167 *01 (P(c) < 0.0005), and @entity3098 *05 (P(c) < 0.005). With regard to frequency and linkage of these alleles, the susceptible haplotypes @entity1533 *0301- @entity8167 *0501- @entity3098 *0201 and @entity1533 *0401/04- @entity8167 *0301- @entity3098 *0302 were deduced. Protective haplotypes in this study were @entity1533 *1501- @entity8167 *0102- @entity3098 *0602 and @entity1533 *0101- @entity8167 *0101- @entity3098 *0501. Comparing @entity12010 @entity1 with vs without @entity195 , no significant differences regarding HLA class II alleles were noted in our collective. @entity1 with @entity1723 as a singular disease had the same susceptible and protective HLA alleles and haplotypes. The prevalence of @entity1533 *03 and @entity1533 *04 in @entity12010 @entity1 was not because of the presence of @entity6 , as the @entity12010 @entity1 without @entity6 had the same allele distribution. In conclusion, these data suggest a common immunogenetic pathomechanism for @entity1723 and @entity12010 , which might be different from the immunogenetic pathomechanism of other @entity792 .

title: XXXX shows the same HLA class II pattern as @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroid disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['T1D', 'type 1 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity12010 :: ('MESH:D016884', 'Disease') :: ['APS type 2', 'Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome', 'APS']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune endocrine diseases', 'autoimmune endocrine disease', 'autoimmune endocrinopathy']

entities_list: @entity4107 :: ('3126', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II']

answer: @entity12010 :: (MESH:D016884,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 2']


abstract: About 50% of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) have "silent" @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Our purpose was to evaluate the possibility that @entity1576 in @entity1 with @entity354 reflects the presence of more severe acid reflux. We compared the severity of parameters from pH studies in @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 and "silent" @entity354 , to @entity1 with signs of symptomatic @entity344 with and without @entity1576 . This study included 236 @entity1 (aged 1 month to 15 years) with abnormal 24-hr pH monitoring among 718 @entity1 studied for suspected diagnosis of @entity354 . @entity1 were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of @entity1 with chronic @entity1576 but without any @entity344 of @entity354 . Group 2 was comprised of @entity1 with symptomatic GI presentation of @entity354 such as regurgitation, @entity391 , heartburn, and @entity177 to thrive, but without any signs or symptoms of @entity1576 . Group 3 included @entity1 with prevalent @entity1576 and concomitant signs of symptomatic @entity354 . @entity1 with predominant GI manifestations (group 2) had a significantly higher fraction of time with pH <4 (P < 0.01), total time value of pH <4 (P < 0.05), and longest episode with pH <4 (P < 0.05). Esophageal clearance was significantly longer in group 1 @entity1 than in the other two groups (P < 0.05). @entity1 with @entity66 (group 3) were similar to @entity1 in group 2. @entity1 with @entity344 had significantly worse scores for all parameters evaluated except esophageal clearance score, compared to @entity1 without @entity344 . Longer esophageal clearance was the only parameter associated with respiratory signs in @entity1 with @entity1576 compared to those without. In conclusion, the presence of @entity1576 in pediatric @entity1 with silent @entity354 is related to longer esophageal clearance, but is not related to severity of reflux.

title: Severity of acid @entity354 assessed by pH metry: is it associated with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mixed disease']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms', 'gastrointestinal (GI) GER']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory symptoms', 'respiratory diseases', 'RD']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory disease']


abstract: @entity11502 (Ang II) is an important regulator of @entity1369 production by @entity291 adrenal glomerulosa (BAG) cells. Ang II interacts with a specific receptor coupled to a @entity6370 -binding protein (G protein) that controls the activity of phospholipase C. A primary culture of BAG cells was used to study short-term desensitization of the Ang II receptor. After short exposures to Ang II, BAG cells lost some [125I]Ang II binding capacity. This loss was dependent on the duration of the pretreatment and on the concentration of Ang II used. A maximal loss of [125I]Ang II binding of 55 +/- 10% was observed after a pretreatment of 30 min with 30 nM Ang II. The EC50 was 1.3 +/- 0.6 nM (mean +/- SD of three experiments). The desensitization was readily reversible, since most of the binding capacity (higher than 90%) was recovered after a 60-min incubation, at 37 C, in the absence of Ang II. Scatchard studies revealed that the Ang II receptor of BAG cells exists under two affinity states with one dissociation constant of 0.2 nM and another dissociation constant of 1.5 nM. After a 30-min exposure of BAG cells to 10 nM Ang II, an important decrease of high affinity binding sites was observed. The maximal amount of binding sites was similar on control and desensitized cells (around 52,000 receptors per cell). GTP gamma S, a potent activator of G proteins, decreased [125I]Ang II binding to permeabilized BAG cells. This GTP gamma S effect was not observed on permeabilized BAG cells that had previously been desensitized with 10 nM Ang II. These results suggested that, similarly to GTP gamma S, short exposure to 10 nM Ang II caused the uncoupling of Ang II receptor from its G protein. @entity9886 (a selective AT1 angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist) markedly unhibited, whereas @entity11083 (a selective AT2 angioten II type 2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on Ang II receptor desensitization, indicating that the AT1 receptor subtype was responsible for the observed phenomenon. Pretreatment of BAG cells with @entity866 (a protein kinase C inhibitor) and @entity6106 (a calmodulin inhibitor) did not modify Ang II-induced desensitization of AT1 receptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Short-term desensitization of the angiotensin II receptor of XXXX adrenal glomerulosa cells corresponds to a shift from a high to a low affinity state.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanyl nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity11502 :: ('MESH:D000804', 'Chemical') :: ['Angiotensin II']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity1313 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity5 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity12386 . @entity1420 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity816 cells as well as its effects on @entity816 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity816 from the highest degree of @entity5 (grade IV, @entity463 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity3927 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity3927 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity12386 /p- @entity12386 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity3927 and @entity3927 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity816 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity12386 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity1420 promotes cell migration, invasion and @entity12386 activation in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['primary brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) has recently been implicated as the primary cause of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of @entity1211 in @entity15 @entity1 . METHODS: We performed selective extracranial venography on 42 @entity1 with early @entity15 (EMS): @entity922 ( @entity922 ) or @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) of less than 5 years duration, and @entity15 ( @entity15 ): @entity3780 of more than 10 years duration. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical relapse data were reviewed for all @entity1 with @entity1211 . RESULTS: @entity1211 was present in 7/29 @entity1 with EMS and 12/13 @entity1 with @entity15 , a highly significant statistical difference (p< 0.001). Only 3/42 @entity1 (all in the @entity15 group) had two vessel stenoses, while the rest had only one vessel involved. @entity1211 was seen in 1/11 @entity1 with @entity922 compared with 6/18 @entity3780 @entity1 of less than 5 years duration. Disease duration was greater in @entity1 with @entity1211 overall (p < 0.005). @entity15 remained an independent predictor of @entity1211 following multivariate adjustment for gender, age at disease onset and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) (Adjusted Odds Ratio = 29 (3-298); p = 0.005]. Within the EMS group, @entity1 with (n = 7) and without (n = 22) @entity1211 had similar EDSS and disease duration, suggesting similar disease severity. No clear correlation could be found between site of @entity1211 and anatomic localization of either clinical relapses or MRI @entity2287 -enhancing lesions. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1211 is an unlikely cause of @entity15 since it is not present in most @entity1 early in the disease and rarely involves more than one extracranial vein. It is likely to be a late secondary phenomenon.

title: @entity1211 is an unlikely cause of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Extracranial venous stenosis', 'EVS']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'late MS', 'LMS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically isolated syndrome', 'CIS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity172 deprivation using aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is currently the standard of care for postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity0 . Unfortunately, the majority of @entity1 treated with AIs eventually develop resistance, inevitably resulting in @entity1 relapse and, ultimately, @entity204 . The mechanism by which resistance occurs is still not completely known, however, recent studies suggest that impaired/defective interferon signaling might play a role. In the present study, we assessed the functional role of @entity17442 and @entity37032 ; two well-known interferon response genes in AI resistance. METHODS: Real-time PCR and Western blot analyses were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , and @entity26242 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 cells and AI-sensitive MCF-7 and T47D cells. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tissue microarrays consisting of normal breast tissues, primary @entity0 , and @entity5 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantitate intracellular @entity686 level. Neutralizing antibody was used to block type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1 signaling. Small interference RNA (siRNA) was used to knockdown @entity17442 , @entity37032 , @entity6897 , @entity17619 , @entity26242 , and @entity686 expression. RESULTS: We found that @entity17442 and @entity37032 were constitutively overexpressed in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C @entity0 and that siRNA knockdown of @entity17442 significantly inhibited the ability of the resistant cells to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Interestingly, suppression of @entity17442 significantly enhanced @entity53 -induced cell @entity204 in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells and markedly increased expression of @entity3544 , @entity589 , and @entity1488 in these cells. Significantly elevated level of @entity686 was detected in AI-resistant MCF-7:5C cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells and suppression of @entity686 dramatically reduced @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells. Lastly, neutralizing antibody against @entity43429 and knockdown of @entity6897 / @entity17619 completely suppressed @entity17442 , @entity37032 , p- @entity6897 , and p- @entity17619 expression in the resistant cells, thus confirming the involvement of the canonical @entity686 signaling pathway in driving the overexpression of @entity17442 and other interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the resistant cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, these results demonstrate that constitutive overexpression of ISGs enhances the progression of @entity0 and that suppression of @entity17442 and other ISGs sensitizes AI-resistant cells to @entity172 -induced cell @entity204 .

title: Targeting interferon response genes sensitizes aromatase inhibitor resistant @entity0 cells to XXXX -induced cell @entity204 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['AI-resistant breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors', 'breast cancer cells and AI-resistant tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['AI-resistant recurrence tumors']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In a cohort study of 182 consecutive @entity1 with active endogenous @entity699 , the only predictor of @entity174 occurrence after adjustment for age, gender @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was 24-h urinary free @entity701 (24hUFC) levels with a threshold of 1472  nmol/24  h (odds ratio, 3.00 (95  % confidence interval (CI), 1.52-5.92); p   =   0.002). INTRODUCTION: The aim was to estimate the risk factors for @entity174 in subjects with endogenous @entity699 ( @entity699 ) and to evaluate the value of the @entity79 in these @entity1 . METHODS: All enrolled @entity1 with @entity699 (n   =   182) were interviewed in relation to low-traumatic @entity174 and underwent lateral X-ray imaging from T4 to L5. @entity79 measurements were performed using a DXA Prodigy device (GEHC Lunar, Madison, Wisconsin, USA). The @entity79 was derived retrospectively from existing @entity79 scans, blinded to clinical outcome, using @entity79 iNsight software @entity34660 (Medimaps, Merignac, France). Urinary free @entity701 (24hUFC) was measured by immunochemiluminescence assay (reference range, 60-413  nmol/24  h). RESULTS: Among enrolled @entity1 with @entity699 (149 females; 33 males; mean age, 37.8  years (95  % confidence interval, 34.2-39.1); 24hUFC, 2370  nmol/24  h (2087-2632), @entity174 were confirmed in 81 (44.5  %) @entity1 , with 70 suffering from @entity174 , which were multiple in 53 cases; 24 @entity1 reported @entity174 . The mean spine @entity79 was 1.207 (1.187-1.228), and @entity79 Z-score was -1.86 (-2.07 to -1.65); area under the curve (AUC) was used to predict @entity174 (mean spine @entity79 )   =   0.548 (95  % CI, 0.454-0.641)). In the final regression model, the only predictor of @entity174 occurrence was 24hUFC levels (p   =   0.001), with an increase of 1.041 (95  % CI, 1.019-1.063), calculated for every 100  nmol/24-h @entity701 elevation (AUC (24hUFC)   =   0.705 (95  % CI, 0.629-0.782)). CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity1 with @entity699 have a low @entity79 . However, the only predictor of low traumatic @entity174 is the severity of the disease itself, indicated by high 24hUFC levels.

title: The risk factors for XXXX and trabecular bone-score value in @entity1 with endogenous @entity699 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'vertebral fractures', 'non-vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['CS', "Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'trabecular bone score', 'TBS']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Facelift (rhytidectomy) is a prominent technique for facial rejuvenation with 126 713 performed in the United States in 2014. Current literature on facelift complications is inconclusive and derives from retrospective studies. OBJECTIVES: This study reports the incidence and risk factors of major complications following facelift in a large, prospective, multi-center database. It compares complications of facelifts done alone or in combination with other cosmetic surgical procedures. METHODS: A prospective cohort of @entity1 undergoing facelift between 2008 and 2013 was identified from the CosmetAssure database. Primary outcome was occurrence of major complications, defined as complications requiring emergency room (ER) visit, hospital admission, or reoperation within 30 days of the procedure. Univariate and multivariate analysis evaluated risk factors including age, gender, BMI, smoking, @entity6 , combined procedures, and type of surgical facility. RESULTS: Of the 129 007 @entity1 enrolled in CosmetAssure, 11 300 (8.8%) underwent facelifts. Facelift cohort had more males (8.8%), @entity6 (2.7%), elderly (mean age 59.2 years) and @entity28 (38.5%) induviduals, but fewer smokers (4.8%). Combined procedures accounted for 57.4% of facelifts. Facelifts had a 1.8% complication rate, similar to the rate of 2% associated to other cosmetic surgeries. @entity1410 (1.1%) and @entity281 (0.3%) were most common. Combined procedures had up to 3.7% complication rate compared to 1.5% in facelifts alone. Male gender (relative risk 3.9) and type of facility (relative risk 2.6) were independent predictors of @entity1410 . Combined procedures (relative risk 3.5) and BMI >=  25 (relative risk 2.8) increased @entity281 risk. CONCLUSIONS: Rhytidectomy is a very safe procedure in the hands of board-certified plastic surgeons. @entity1410 and @entity281 are the most common major complications. Male gender, BMI >=  25, and combined procedures are independent risk factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2: Risk.

title: Preoperative Risk Factors and Complication Rates in Facelift: Analysis of 11,300 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the association of @entity286 as a contributory factor in @entity1 presenting with @entity10189 ( @entity10189 ). DESIGN: A descriptive case study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, from May 2001 to April 2002. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total number of 100 consecutive @entity1 , 76 males and 24 females, with endoscopically proven peptic @entity1066 were enrolled in the study. The ages of the @entity1 ranged from 25 to 70 years; with mean age of 48 years + 12.26 standard deviations, (mean age of @entity1 49 years + 12.88 SD, and mean age of @entity1 45 years + 9.67 SD). All the @entity1 underwent endoscopy after an overnight fast, using @entity3303 (4% solution or jelly) as topical anaesthetic, with Pentax FG29 video-endoscope. RESULTS: Fifty-six percent of all the @entity1 with @entity10189 used @entity286 , 33% as cigarette, 18% took it as naswar and 5% of @entity1 used it in both the forms. Of these, 85.7% (48/56) @entity1 had duodenal @entity1066 and 14.3% (8/56) @entity1 had @entity2275 . All these @entity1 were male, none of the female @entity1 used @entity286 in any form. Moreover, 40% of @entity10189 @entity1 reported long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). CONCLUSION: This study supports the view that use of @entity286 is associated with @entity10189 in @entity1 .

title: @entity286 use as contributory factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity10189 :: ('MESH:D010437', 'Disease') :: ['peptic ulcer disease', 'PUD']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity10189 :: (MESH:D010437,Disease) :: ['peptic ulcer disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Adequate nodal staging of @entity694 has been defined as pathologic examination of at least 12 lymph nodes. We sought to refine this definition by quantifying the likelihood that a pathologically node-negative @entity1 has, indeed, no positive nodes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage I-III @entity420 of the colon between 1994 and 2005 and had at least one lymph node pathologically examined were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database (n = 131,953). We estimated the sensitivity of the pathologic staging of locoregional spread using a beta-binomial model and developed the nodal staging score (NSS), which is the probability that a @entity1 is correctly staged as node negative. NSS is a function of T stage and the number of examined nodes. RESULTS: The probability of missing a positive node that is in fact truly present is 29.7% if five nodes are examined, 20.0% if eight are examined, and drops to 13.6% for 12 nodes are examined. An NSS of 90% can be achieved by examining a single node for T1 and four nodes for T2 @entity5 . To maintain similar levels of NSS for T3, 13 nodes need to be examined and for T4 lesions, 21 nodes need to be examined. Graphical and tabular tools are provided to facilitate calculation of NSS and treatment decision making in practice. CONCLUSION: The minimum number of examined nodes for adequate staging depends on the T stage. The score we developed indicates the adequacy of nodal staging for @entity1 with no positive nodes and can assist clinical decision making in the @entity1 without nodal @entity3 .

title: Nodal staging score: a tool to assess adequate staging of node-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: It has been estimated that more than 30 million of @entity1 suffer from the symptoms in the lower urinary tract caused by @entity1067 . According to data from literature the term @entity1067 should be reserved only for histological diagnosis. The paper presents contemporary approaches to diagnostics and non-surgical, i.e. conservative modalities of the therapy. These modalities include: follow up of the @entity1 , medicamentous therapy and non-surgical invasive therapies. Medicamentous therapy implies phytotherapy, inhibitors of @entity10831 and antagonists of Alpha-adrenergic receptors. Non-surgical invasive therapies include: balloon dilatation, ureteral stents and thermotherapy. The paper indicates the place of certain options related to the conservative treatment of @entity1067 . A fact that only 10% of these @entity1 are treated surgically means that majority of them need other, i.e. conservative therapy. New achievements in the treatment of @entity1067 have aroused new hope for @entity1 suffering from this disease.

title: [Modern approach to conservative treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasia of the prostate']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the 5-year experience of a diagnostic programme for @entity700 with special emphasis to diagnose hormonally active and @entity5 . DESIGN: A prospective study in which new cases of @entity700 in Sweden have been evaluated by a standardized diagnostic protocol between January 1996 and July 2001. SETTING: Thirty-three different Swedish hospitals have contributed with cases. SUBJECTS: A total of 381 @entity1 (217 females, 164 males) with @entity700 were studied. INTERVENTIONS: Diagnostic procedures were undertaken according to a standardized programme. Operation was recommended if the incidentaloma had a size of more than 3-4 cm or if there was a suspicion of a hypersecreting @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The size of the incidentaloma, clinical characteristics of the @entity1 and results of biochemical diagnostic tests were registered. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 was 64 years (18-84 years), and the median size of the incidentalomas was 3 cm (1-20 cm). A total of 85(22%) @entity1 were operated. Twenty of these @entity1 were diagnosed with a benign hypersecreting @entity5 and 14 with a @entity5 . Fourteen of 15 operated @entity1 with diagnosed @entity1911 had elevated 24-h urinary @entity1063 and all of the @entity1 operated because of a biochemical suspicion of @entity1369 or @entity701 hypersecretion (n = 6) were found to have @entity652 . Of the 14 operated @entity1 with @entity5 , 10 were @entity4304 (median size 10 cm; range 4-16 cm). In a multiple logistic regression model, incidentaloma size was significantly associated with the risk of a @entity5 (P = 0.009), and there was a tendency of an association between age/male sex and the risk of a @entity5 (both, P = 0.07). CONCLUSION: In this Swedish multicentre study of 381 cases with @entity700 , 5% had benign hypersecreting @entity5 and nearly 4% had @entity5 . The results of the biochemical diagnostic tests used had a high compatibility with the histological diagnosis found at operation in the @entity1 with hypersecreting @entity5 . @entity5 size, male gender and high age were predictive for the risk of a @entity5 . A follow-up of the @entity1 is warranted in order to establish whether there are undiscovered cases of malignant or hypersecreting @entity5 amongst the nonoperated @entity1 .

title: XXXX --experience of a standardized diagnostic programme in the Swedish prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'malignant lesions', 'Tumour', 'tumours', 'malignant diseases', 'malignant tumour', 'malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity700 :: ('MESH:C538238', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal incidentaloma', 'adrenal incidentalomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity4304 :: ('MESH:D000310', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal carcinomas']

answer: @entity700 :: (MESH:C538238,Disease) :: ['Adrenal incidentaloma']


abstract: Factors affecting solubilities of @entity460 and @entity1391 in neonatal total parenteral nutrient (TPN) solutions containing a new @entity535 formulation were examined. Twelve TPN solutions containing various concentrations of @entity21931 , an @entity535 formulation specific for @entity1 and young @entity1 , were prepared in 10% @entity413 injection. Some of the solutions also contained @entity462 40 mg/g of protein and either @entity4388 or @entity5836 (lipid emulsion buffer) to buffer the solution pH to simulate that produced by simultaneously administering lipid emulsion through the i.v. line. @entity10041 and monobasic and dibasic @entity17500 were added to 20-mL samples of the TPN solutions to achieve @entity460 concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50 meq/L with @entity1391 concentrations of either 10, 20, 30, or 40 mmol/L; a total of 20 samples of each @entity8856 solution was prepared. Samples were inspected visually for precipitation or crystallization after 18 hours at 25 degrees C and again after 30 minutes in a water bath at 37 degrees C. Clear samples at this time were also examined microscopically for evidence of microcrystallization. Solubility curves were prepared by plotting graphically the concentrations at which either visual or microscopic precipitation occurred. Temperature, @entity535 concentration, and the addition of @entity462 and lipid emulsion buffer each influenced the solubilities of @entity460 and @entity1391 in the TPN solutions. The use of @entity21931 as the @entity535 source allowed slightly greater concentrations of @entity1391 to be solubilized as compared with older @entity535 formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity1391 solubility in neonatal parenteral nutrient solutions containing @entity21931 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity17500 :: ('MESH:C013216', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5836 :: ('MESH:D006851', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloric acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity10041 :: ('MESH:D002125', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium gluconate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity21931 :: ('MESH:C545824', 'Chemical') :: ['TrophAmine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: AIM: Many @entity146 , including @entity71 ( @entity71 ), disruptive @entity146 , @entity72 , and some @entity146 characteristics, such as poor empathizing, are regarded to be related to elevated levels of @entity3800 or @entity342 sensitivity. Thus, numerous studies have investigated the potential association between @entity342 -related physical diseases and these @entity146 conditions. @entity3427 ( @entity3427 ) is a disease characterized by an increased sensitivity of the pilosebaceous unit to circulating @entity3800 in @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to examine whether @entity3427 has a relationship with @entity342 -related @entity146 conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally 37 females with @entity3427 and 33 healthy female controls were included in this study. Childhood and present @entity71 symptoms of the @entity1 were assessed using the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) and the Adult @entity71 Self-Report Scale, respectively. The Autism-spectrum quotient and the interpersonal reactivity index were used to assess autistic traits and different aspects of empathy. @entity3427 severity was measured using the Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system. RESULTS: No significant difference was found between the @entity1 and controls on @entity146 questionnaire scores, except for a trend for subjects with @entity3427 to show higher levels of the school-associated problems than controls according to WURS. The severity of @entity3427 was strongly correlated with the WURS @entity146 and @entity146 /impulsivity subscores and WURS total score, and moderately correlated with the WURS attentional deficit subscore. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that common etiological factors may be involved in both the severity of @entity3427 , @entity71 , and coexisting disruptive @entity146 .

title: Autistic Trait, Empathy, and @entity71 in XXXX with Idiopathic @entity3427 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'psychiatric disorders', 'behavioral problems', 'behavioral disorders', 'irritability']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['autism spectrum disorders']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic hirsutism', 'Hirsutism', 'IH', 'hirsutism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical dyssynchrony has proven to be superior to QRS duration in predicting response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Whether time to peak longitudinal strain delay between the mid-septum and mid-lateral left ventricular wall better predicts CRT response than tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is unclear. This study compares the value of the two methods for the assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony and prediction of CRT responders. METHODS: 66 clinical responders and 17 nonresponders to CRT with severe @entity712 (LVEF <35%), New York Heart Association classification III or IV and a wide QRS >130 ms with @entity714 were evaluated by peak longitudinal strain and TDI. Doppler echocardiograms and @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) intervals were acquired before and after pacemaker implantation. RESULTS: In all responders @entity1054 measured by peak longitudinal strain was >60 ms before implantation, compared with 76% of the @entity1 measured by TDI. Nonresponders had @entity1054 <60 ms measured by both techniques. Only peak longitudinal strain delay showed shortened values in every responder postimplantation and demonstrated the most significant reduction and could predict responders to CRT. However, @entity1054 measured by TDI did not diminish in 30% of the positive clinical responders. Nonresponders showed worsening of the @entity1054 with peak longitudinal strain, but not with TDI. CONCLUSIONS: Responders to CRT can be excellently predicted if @entity1054 before implantation determined by peak longitudinal strain delay is >60 ms. Peak longitudinal strain delay appears to be superior to TDI to predict the response to CRT. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:574-82.).

title: Peak longitudinal strain delay is superior to TDI in the selection of XXXX for resynchronisation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['systolic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['electromechanical time delay', 'EMD']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case series. OBJECTIVE: To illustrate the use of @entity7674 ( @entity7674 ) in treatment and prevention of exposed vertical expandable prosthetic @entity702 rib (VEPTR) implants. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: In the pediatric population with severe @entity3792 , VEPTR is an effective tool during growth for the correction of @entity85 . Prolonged VEPTR therapy can result in wound breakdown, implant exposure, and @entity281 . Treatment includes the use of prolonged antibiotics, @entity121 , and, when salvage fails, removal of the VEPTR. The use of @entity7674 in the treatment and prevention of VEPTR exposure has not been previously described. METHODS: Between January 2002 and January 2010, eight @entity1 who underwent placement of @entity7674 for the treatment and prevention of exposed VEPTR devices were identified. Their records were reviewed for diagnosis, sex, age of @entity1 at initial VEPTR placement, position of VEPTR placement, number of VEPTR expansions, wound complications, @entity7674 use, adjunct procedures, and length of wound follow-up. RESULTS: @entity7674 was used in eight @entity1 . In five @entity1 @entity7674 was used for compromised soft tissue overlying the VEPTR and threatened exposure of the hardware. In these cases, subsequent expansions occurred without incident and the wound remained stable with an average follow-up of 7.6 months. In three @entity1 , @entity7674 was used for exposed VEPTR hardware secondary to wound breakdown. Average follow-up was 3.3 months. In two of the three cases of exposed and contaminated hardware, stable soft tissue coverage was achieved and continued VEPTR therapy was achieved. One of the three cases of exposure involved infected and prominent hardware with purulence. This @entity1 failed to clear the @entity281 and required complete device removal. CONCLUSION: @entity7674 can treat and prevent exposed VEPTR, allowing subsequent VEPTR expansions and minimizing the need for muscle flap coverage and/or implant removal and replacement.

title: Acellular dermal matrix in the treatment and prevention of exposed vertical expandable prosthetic XXXX ribs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['acellular dermal matrix', 'ADM']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['ribcage deformity']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle flaps']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: @entity5 is an important public health problem among adult @entity1 in developing countries in South and Central America, sub-Saharan Africa, and south and south-east Asia. Frequently repeated cytology screening programmes--either organized or opportunistic--have led to a large decline in @entity5 incidence and mortality in developed countries. In contrast, @entity5 remains largely uncontrolled in high-risk developing countries because of ineffective or no screening. This article briefly reviews the experience from existing screening and research initiatives in developing countries. Substantial costs are involved in providing the infrastructure, manpower, consumables, follow-up and surveillance for both organized and opportunistic screening programmes for @entity5 . Owing to their limited health care resources, developing countries cannot afford the models of frequently repeated screening of @entity1 over a wide age range that are used in developed countries. Many low-income developing countries, including most in sub-Saharan Africa, have neither the resources nor the capacity for their health services to organize and sustain any kind of screening programme. Middle-income developing countries, which currently provide inefficient screening, should reorganize their programmes in the light of experiences from other countries and lessons from their past failures. Middle-income countries intending to organize a new screening programme should start first in a limited geographical area, before considering any expansion. It is also more realistic and effective to target the screening on high-risk @entity1 once or twice in their lifetime using a highly sensitive test, with an emphasis on high coverage (>80%) of the targeted population. Efforts to organize an effective screening programme in these developing countries will have to find adequate financial resources, develop the infrastructure, train the needed manpower, and elaborate surveillance mechanisms for screening, investigating, treating, and following up the targeted @entity1 . The findings from the large body of research on various screening approaches carried out in developing countries and from the available managerial guidelines should be taken into account when reorganizing existing programmes and when considering new screening initiatives.

title: Effective screening programmes for XXXX in low- and middle-income developing countries.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer', 'Cervical cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: One hundred fifteen consecutive @entity1 undergoing TKR were divided into two groups to determine whether @entity190 and transfusion in total knee replacement (TKR) using @entity1425 with saline infiltration would be less than TKR with tourniquet and drain. Group 1, composed of 60 @entity1 , received 2.5 mg of 1:1000 @entity1425 diluted in 500 mL of normal saline, which was infiltrated into the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and capsule before surgical incision. No tourniquets or postoperative drains were used. Group 2, composed of 55 @entity1 , had a tourniquet and postoperative drain. Thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin also was used. Pre- and postoperative hemoglobin, @entity190 , hematocrit, and transfusion requirements were studied in both groups; in group 2, @entity190 in the drains also was noted. Average preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit in the two groups were 13.7 g/dL and 39.3 g/dL, respectively, and 13.5% and 39%, respectively. Average intraoperative @entity190 was 290 mL in group 1 and 377.7 mL in group 2 (P<.005). Postoperative @entity190 in group 1 was <50 mL based on dressing soakage and 297.7 mL in group 2 (P<.005). Average postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit in the two groups were 10.6 g/dL and 8.4 g/dL, respectively, and 35.4% and 31.1%, respectively. Transfusion rates were 3.3% and 23.6%, respectively (P<.005). The average volume transfused was 1.2 U. @entity1425 and saline infiltration is safe and helps reduce intraoperative @entity190 . Suction drain use for surgical wounds after primary, uncomplicated TKR is questionable.

title: The role of drains and tourniquets in primary total knee replacement: a comparative study of TKR performed with drains and tourniquet versus no drains and XXXX and saline infiltration.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline', 'Adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']