abstract: The tumorigenicity and metastatic behaviour of @entity1 @entity14 have been assessed in athymic @entity19 . Surgical specimens were obtained from @entity14 or from @entity3 of different @entity1 . Primary @entity14 and their synchronous liver @entity3 were obtained from three @entity1 . After intramuscular (i.m.) injection into @entity19 , @entity5 cells originating from @entity3 showed a higher take than those from @entity5 . In general, metastasis-derived @entity5 had a shorter doubling time than primary-derived @entity5 . This growth pattern was not associated with the production of spontaneous @entity3 in @entity19 . To investigate the malignant potential of @entity14 in the nude @entity19 , @entity5 cells were injected intravenously (i.v.) (artificial lung @entity3 ) and in the spleen (artificial liver @entity3 ). Colorectal-derived @entity5 cells produced lung colonies after i.v. injection, but the most dramatic expression of @entity5 was the @entity5 cells' ability to grow in the liver after intrasplenic (i.s.) injection. The ability to grow in the liver of @entity19 appeared to be a distinct characteristic of each @entity5 cell population. @entity1 @entity14 were maintained as continuous lines subcutaneously (s.c.) in @entity19 . Phenotypic differences, including malignant potential, were generally maintained at different passages. @entity1 @entity14 with a definite pattern of malignant behaviour (i.e. to the liver) in the nude @entity19 provide a unique experimental system for the study of the biology and the therapy of cancer @entity3 .

title: The nude @entity19 for the study of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'primary tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasms', 'colorectal tumors', 'colorectal carcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity157 ( @entity157 ) are highly malignant and @entity146 lack of effective therapeutic drugs. @entity67056 (PL), a natural product isolated from longer pepper plants, is recently identified as a potent cytotoxic compound highly selective to @entity5 cells. Here, we reported that PL specifically suppressed @entity157 cell migration/invasion via endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-MAPKs- @entity3726 signaling pathway. PL selectively killed @entity157 cells but not normal hepatocytes with an IC50 of 10-20   M while PL at much lower concentrations only suppressed @entity157 cell migration/invasion. PL selectively elevated reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in @entity157 cells, which activated or up-regulated downstream @entity7952 / @entity5593 / @entity1477 , @entity1435 / @entity4675 / @entity3963 and @entity3726 subsequently. Administration of antioxidants completely abolished PL's effects on cell death and migration/invasion. However, pharmacological inhibition of ER stress-responses or MAPKs signaling pathways with corresponding specific inhibitors only reversed PL's effect on cell migration/invasion but not on cell death. Consistently, knocking-down of @entity3726 by RNA interference only reversed PL-suppressed @entity157 cell migration. Finally, PL significantly suppressed @entity157 development and activated the ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 signaling pathway in @entity157 xenografts in vivo. Taken together, PL selectively killed @entity157 cells and preferentially inhibited @entity157 cell migration/invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for the highly malignant and aggressive @entity157 clinically.

title: XXXX selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells and preferentially inhibits their invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs- @entity3726 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity67056 :: ('MESH:C498077', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperlongumine']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'Hepatocellular carcinomas']

answer: @entity67056 :: (MESH:C498077,Chemical) :: ['Piperlongumine']


abstract: The alpha-like and beta-like globin genes have provided a paradigm for the study of molecular evolution and regulation of multigene families in eukaryotes. The @entity1 @entity13554 gene cluster, which is on chromosome 16 (ref. 1), consists of six genes arranged in the order 5'-zeta(embryonic)-psi zeta-psi alpha 2-psi alpha 1-alpha 2(adult)-alpha 1(adult)-3'. DNA sequencing data have demonstrated that zeta (ref. 6) and alpha 2 (or alpha 1, refs 7-9) are the embryonic and adult genes, respectively, while psi zeta (ref. 6), psi alpha 2 (ref. 5) psi alpha 1 (ref. 10) are all inactive pseudogenes. Restriction mapping analysis has shown that the structure of this locus in several anthropoid primates is nearly identical to that of the @entity1 . Recently, we have isolated the adult @entity13554 gene region from @entity17055 , @entity3474 and @entity2608 by molecular cloning. We report here the complete @entity377 sequence of a gene located immediately downstream from the adult alpha 1-globin gene of the @entity17055 , along with its flanking DNA. We designate this gene as theta 1, and show that it contains the essential sequence elements required for an expressive gene. The putative polypeptide is 141 @entity1522 long, identical to that of the alpha- or @entity28595 , but its predicted @entity535 sequence is nearly as different from the @entity17055 @entity13554 (55 differences) as the @entity1 @entity28595 is from the @entity1 @entity13554 (59 differences), suggesting an ancient history for the @entity51268 gene. Results of blot hybridization experiments using the cloned @entity17055 theta 1 gene sequence as probe demonstrate a similar alpha 2-alpha 1-theta 1 linkage map existing in the @entity1 genome. Furthermore, multiple copies of sequences homologous to the theta 1 gene are detected in both @entity1 and @entity17055 . These results cast a new light on the primate @entity13554 gene family, and have intriguing implications for the existence of previously unreported, functional globin-like gene(s) in the primate genomes.

title: Sequence organization and genomic complexity of primate @entity51268 gene, a novel XXXX -like gene.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity3474 :: ('9555', 'Species') :: ['olive baboon']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaque']

answer: @entity13554 :: (3040,Gene) :: ['alpha-globin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate determination of rates of de novo synthesis and degradation of cytochromes @entity11670 ( @entity11670 ) has been challenging. There is a high degree of variability in the multiple published values of turnover for specific P450s which is likely exacerbated by differences in methodologies. For @entity5322 , half-life values range from 10 to 140h (Yang et al., 2008). An accurate value for kdeg has been identified as a major limitation for prediction of drug interactions involving mechanism based inhibition and/or induction. Estimation of @entity11670 half-life from in vitro test systems, such as @entity1 hepatocytes, is complicated by differential decreased enzyme function over culture time, attenuation of the impact of enzyme loss through inclusion of glucocorticoids in media, and viability limitations over long-term culture times. HepatoPac overcomes some of these challenges providing an extended stability of enzymes (2.5 weeks in our hands). As such it is a unique tool for studying rates of enzyme degradation achieved through modulation of enzyme levels. @entity5322 mRNA levels were rapidly depleted by >90% using either siRNA or addition of @entity650 which allowed an estimation of the degradation rate constant for @entity5322 protein over an incubation time of 96 hours. The degradation rate constant of 0.0240    0.005 h(-1) was reproducible in hepatocytes from five different @entity1 donors. These donors also reflected the overall population with respect to @entity5396 genotype. This methodology can be applied to additional enzymes and may provide a more accurate in vitro derived kdeg value for predicting clinical DDI outcomes.

title: Determination of a Degradation Constant for XXXX by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel @entity1 Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac    .

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A4']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hysterectomy for @entity1204 is increasingly performed by laparoscopic surgical technique. Same-day discharge is safe, cost-saving, and acceptable to @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy, but concerns about increased perioperative risks in @entity28 @entity1 limit the utilization of same-day discharge in this population. We evaluated the risk of perioperative complications in @entity28 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy for @entity1204 or @entity1478 in our institution during a period of rapid increase in the utilization of same-day discharge. METHODS: Single-institution retrospective cohort including all @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index [calculated as weight (kg)/[height (m)]] 30) undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy for @entity1204 or @entity1478 between 2011 and 2013. RESULTS: A total of 388 @entity1 were included. Those with class III @entity28 were younger than those with class I or II (58.4 compared with 63.0 years, P<.001) and less likely to have invasive @entity1204 (80.9% compared with 88.7%, P=.04). Those with class III @entity28 were significantly more likely to undergo robot-assisted laparoscopy than those with class I or II @entity28 (57.5% compared with 18.6%, P<.001). The rate of same-day discharge increased significantly over the 3-year study period: for those with class I and II @entity28 from 18.6% to 65.5% and for those with class III @entity28 from 12.7% to 61.4% (P<.001). During this period there were no significant differences in frequency of @entity260 within 30 days of surgery, including readmission, unscheduled surgery, or @entity281 (P=.1 for all). CONCLUSION: Same-day discharge is safe and feasible for the majority of @entity28 @entity1 undergoing laparoscopic surgery for @entity1204 and @entity1478 .

title: Safety and Feasibility of Same-Day Discharge in Obese XXXX Undergoing Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for @entity1478 and Malignancy [335].

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of recent studies have suggested that high-grade serous @entity43  predominantly arises within the fallopian tubes. The @entity43 ( @entity43 ) risk in @entity1 with a history of @entity1621 ( @entity1621 ) has been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of @entity1621 in preventing @entity43 in the general population. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library for all English-language articles published up to January 2015, using the key @entity43 ' and ' @entity1621 .' Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by standard meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: Of the 77 studies retrieved, three were included in this meta-analysis, including one cohort study and two population-based case-control studies with 3509 @entity1 who underwent @entity1621 and 5,655,702 controls who did not undergo salpingectomy. Over the combined study period, 29 of the 3509 @entity1621 @entity1 developed @entity43 compared with 44,006 of the 5,655,702 without salpingectomy. The meta-analysis results based on the fixed effects model revealed a significant decrease in the risk of @entity43 occurrence in the @entity1 who underwent @entity1621 relative to the controls (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75, I(2)=0%). This pattern was also observed in subgroup analysis for the study type. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity5274 is an effective measure to reduce @entity43 risk in the general population. Therefore, prophylactic @entity1621 should be considered for @entity1 who require hysterectomy with benign indications or sterilisation procedures.

title: Bilateral salpingectomy can reduce the risk of XXXX in the general population: A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['OC', 'ovarian cancer', "words 'ovarian cancer", 'reduction of ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the fallopian tubes']

entities_list: @entity1621 :: ('MESH:C563492', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral salpingectomy', 'BS']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To evaluate the forward shifting of cervical spinal cords in different segments of @entity1 with @entity2056 to determine whether the disease is self-limiting. Methods. This study was performed on 11 healthy subjects and 64 @entity1 . According to the duration, the @entity1 were divided into 5 groups ( <=1 year, 1-2 years, 2-3 years, 3-4 years, and >= 4 years). Cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of flexion and conventional position was performed. The distances between the posterior edge of the spinal cord and the cervical spinal canal (X), the anterior and posterior wall of the cervical spinal canal (Y), and the anterior-posterior (A) and the transverse diameter (B) of spinal cord cross sections were measured at different cervical spinal segments (C4 to T1). Results. In cervical flexion position, a significant increase in X/Y of C4-5 segments was found in groups 2-5, the @entity9509 and C6-7 segments in groups 1-5, and the C7-T1 segments in group 5 (P < 0.05). The degree of the increased X/Y and cervical flexion X/Y of @entity9509 segments were different among the 5 groups (P < 0.05), which was likely due to rapid increases in X/Y during the course of @entity2056 . Conclusion. The X/Y change progression indicates that @entity2056 may not be self-limiting.

title: The Quantitative Assessment of Imaging Features for the Study of XXXX Progression.

entities_list: @entity2056 :: ('MESH:C538253', 'Disease') :: ['Hirayama disease', "Hirayama's disease"]

answer: @entity2056 :: (MESH:C538253,Disease) :: ['Hirayama Disease']


abstract: A wide variety of commercial products can be potentially made from monomeric @entity3363 produced by the dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. However, this process is accompanied by side products such as furfural that hinder microbial growth and fermentation. To investigate the mechanism of furfural inhibition, mRNA microarrays of an ethanologenic strain of @entity526 (LY180) were compared immediately prior to and 15 min after a moderate furfural challenge. Expression of genes and regulators associated with the biosynthesis of @entity462 and @entity1853 was increased by furfural, consistent with a limitation of these critical metabolites. This was in contrast to a general stringent response and decreased expression of many other biosynthetic genes. Of the 20 @entity1522 individually tested as supplements (100 microM each), @entity462 and @entity1853 were the most effective in increasing furfural tolerance with @entity563 (precursor of @entity462 ), @entity3793 , and @entity369 of lesser benefit. Supplementation with other reduced @entity599 sources such as @entity39208 and @entity8962 also increased furfural tolerance. In contrast, supplementation with @entity2226 , a @entity599 source that requires 3 molecules of @entity1110 for @entity599 assimilation, was of no benefit. Furfural tolerance was also increased by inserting a plasmid encoding pntAB, a cytoplasmic @entity2125 / @entity1110 transhydrogenase. Based on these results, a model is proposed for the inhibition of growth in which the reduction of furfural by YqhD, an enzyme with a low K(m) for @entity1110 , depletes @entity1110 sufficiently to limit the assimilation of @entity599 into @entity1522 ( @entity462 and @entity1853 ) by @entity2569 IJ ( @entity9735 reductase).

title: Furfural inhibits growth by limiting XXXX assimilation in ethanologenic @entity526 LY180.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity8962 :: ('CHEBI:26977', 'Chemical') :: ['thiosulfate']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity9735 :: ('CHEBI:48854', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfite']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity39208 :: ('CHEBI:16375', 'Chemical') :: ['d-cysteine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of ulnar nerve sonography in @entity16 with electrophysiologic correlation. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity1201 (12 @entity1 and 9 @entity1 ; mean age +/- SD, 47.7 +/- 17.2 years) and 20 control @entity1 (14 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; mean age, 46.5 +/- 16.2 years) were evaluated with sonography. @entity1201 diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, bacteriologic, and histopathologic criteria. The reference standard for @entity16 in this study was clinical symptoms in @entity1 with proven @entity1201 . The sonographic cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the ulnar nerve in 3 different regions were obtained. Statistical analyses included Student t tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The CSAs of the ulnar nerve were significantly larger in the @entity1201 group than the control group for all regions (P < .01). @entity854 in @entity1201 nerves included focal thickening (90.5%), hypoechoic areas (81%), loss of the fascicular pattern (33.3%), and focal hyperechoic areas (4.7%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a maximum CSA cutoff value of 9.8 mm(2) was the best discriminator (sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.90). Three @entity1 with normal electrophysiologic findings had abnormal sonographic findings. Two @entity1 had normal sonographic findings, of which 1 had abnormal electrophysiologic findings, and the other refused electrophysiologic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography and electrophysiology were complementary for identifying @entity16 in @entity1 with @entity1201 , with clinical symptoms as the reference standard. This reinforces the role of sonography in the investigation of @entity16 .

title: Role of ulnar nerve sonography in XXXX with electrophysiologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Sonographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar nerve neuropathy', 'leprosy ulnar neuropathy', 'ulnar neuropathy', 'leprosy neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['leprosy neuropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1649 ( @entity1649 ) is caused by @entity2850 of the root exit zone (REZ) of the facial nerve. However, the mechanism that causes the offending vessels to compress the REZ has not been clarified. Elongation of intracranial arteries due to @entity4288 is one possibility, but such arteriosclerotic changes are not observed very frequently among @entity1 with @entity1649 . The aim of the present study was to investigate whether arteriosclerotic changes would contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1649 . METHODS: This study included 111 @entity1649 @entity1 , all of whom were Japanese. The prevalence rates of @entity101 , @entity407 , and @entity6 were examined as risk factors of @entity731 , and the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) was measured as an indicator of arteriosclerotic change. The severity of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) in @entity1649 @entity1 was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. These data were compared with data from healthy Japanese controls. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of the risk factors for @entity731 in the @entity1649 @entity1 were not higher than those in the general Japanese population. The CAVI scores for the @entity1649 @entity1 were similar to, or lower than those in the healthy controls for all age groups except 60 to 69-year-old @entity1 . The severity of @entity62 in the @entity1649 @entity1 was not significantly worse than that in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that arteriosclerotic changes are not involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1649 , and that @entity2850 are attributable to anatomical features of the intracranial arteries and facial nerves formed during the prenatal stage.

title: Does XXXX contribute to hemifacial spasm?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['vascular compression syndromes', 'pulsative vascular compression']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter lesions', 'WMLs']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1649 :: ('MESH:D019569', 'Disease') :: ['HFS', 'Hemifacial spasm']

answer: @entity4288 :: (MESH:D001161,Disease) :: ['arteriosclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childhood @entity286 exposure has been linked with sinonasal pathology, and may be associated with @entity56 sensitization. This study evaluates the association between exposure to active smoking or secondhand smoke (SHS) and the prevalence of @entity2490 and @entity56 sensitization in the U.S. pediatric population. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 2714 @entity1 and adolescents aged 6 to 19 in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2006. Active smoking was defined as self-reported smoking or serum @entity4874 concentrations >10 ng/mL. SHS was defined as nonactive smokers who reported living with >= 1 smokers or had serum @entity4874 >= 0.011 ng/mL. Self-reported @entity2490 was based on symptoms during the past 12 months, and allergen sensitization was defined as a positive response to any of the 19 specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antigens tested. RESULTS: About half of the population (54%) had detectable levels of IgE specific to at least 1 of the tested allergens, and 25% reported a history of @entity2490 . After multivariate adjustment, an increased prevalence rate ratio (PRR) of self-reported @entity2490 was seen in individuals in the highest @entity4874 tertile among active smokers ( @entity6765 .73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23 to 2.43), with a significant trend between increasing @entity4874 levels in individuals exposed to either secondhand smoke or active smoking (p = 0.05 for both analyses). Significantly less @entity6766 was observed in @entity1 in the highest @entity4874 tertile of secondhand smoke (PRR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.43 to 0.85). CONCLUSION: @entity286 smoke exposure was associated with increased prevalence of @entity2490 symptoms, but decreased prevalence of @entity56 sensitization. The results highlight the complex relationship between @entity286 exposure and sinonasal pathology.

title: Allergic sensitization, @entity2490 , and XXXX smoke exposure in U.S. @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity6766 :: ('MESH:D005517', 'Disease') :: ['food allergen sensitization']

entities_list: @entity4874 :: ('MESH:D003367', 'Chemical') :: ['cotinine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['tobacco']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mode of onset and the course of @entity161 @entity221 exhibit substantial individual variations. Previous studies have pointed out that the mode of onset affects the duration of untreated @entity716 (DUP) and clinical outcomes, such as cognitive and social functioning. This study attempted to clarify the association between the DUP and clinical features, taking the different modes of onset into consideration, in a prospective longitudinal study examining @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 . METHODS: This study was conducted in six areas of Japan. @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 were followed for over 18 months. Cognitive function, psychopathology, and social functioning were assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18-month follow-up points. RESULTS: We identified 168 @entity1 and sufficient information was available to determine the DUP and the mode of onset for 156 @entity1 (92.9%): 79 had an acute onset, and 77 had an insidious onset. The DUP was significantly associated with quality of life (QOL), social functioning, and cognitive function at most of the follow-up points in the insidious-onset group. The DUP and negative symptoms at baseline were significant predictors of cognitive function at the 18-month follow-up in the insidious-onset group. CONCLUSIONS: The present results further support the hypothesis that the DUP affects QOL, social functioning, and cognitive function over the course of @entity221 , especially in @entity1 with an insidious onset. Effective strategies for detecting and caring for individuals with insidious onset early during the course of @entity161 will be essential for achieving a full @entity1 recovery.

title: Differential impacts of duration of untreated XXXX (DUP) on cognitive function in first-episode @entity161 according to mode of onset.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present our recent experience in the management of @entity546 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We present 21 cases of @entity546 managed at the two Federal-owned tertiary hospitals in two neighbouring states in south-west Nigeria between 2001 and 2011. The diagnosis was based mainly on a clinical evaluation. The treatment was surgical in @entity1 who presented within 2  weeks of the @entity174 . The emphasis during the follow-up was on erectile function and micturition. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 presented within 48  h, two presented after a week, while two reported months later with penile deviation. The mean age of the @entity1 was 26.4  years. The cause of @entity174 was sexual intercourse in 11 (52%) @entity1 and forceful manipulation of the erect penis in 10 (48%). Thirteen (62%) of all @entity130 occurred in the last 2  years of the study, of which eight @entity1 were injured during rear entry with the @entity1 on top (reverse coital) position. Six of the @entity1 with reverse @entity130 reported trying the position after watching it on the Internet, specifically on their cellular phones. Eighteen @entity1 had surgical treatment, with a satisfactory outcome. Two of the other three @entity1 had penile deviation during erection. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence and causes of @entity546 appear to have changed drastically over the last 2  years in our environment. The rapid demographic changes in south-west Nigeria are probably responsible. There appears to be a relationship between the cause of @entity174 and the use of the Internet, although that might be coincidental. Surgical repair, irrespective of the delay before intervention, usually offers a satisfactory outcome.

title: Increase in XXXX of the penis in south-west Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['penile fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'coital injuries']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine if beta-agonists delivered by nebulizer provide better clinical responses than @entity13521 therapy in status asthmaticus. We divided 28 hospitalized @entity748 @entity1 into three groups. Group 1 received @entity3045 by @entity13521 with InspirEase. Group 2 received nebulized @entity3045 . Group 3 received nebulized @entity28787 . Both nebulizer regimens resulted in significant improvements in both FVC and FEV1 by 30 min after initial hospital beta-agonist treatment. No significant improvement was noted in initial spirometry in the @entity13521 with InspirEase group. In spite of the superiority of nebulizer therapy in the initial phase of hospitalization, the daily rates of spirometric improvement and duration of hospitalization were not significantly different among the three groups. Our results indicate that nebulizer therapy provides superior spirometric improvement in the initial phase of status asthmaticus. However, both @entity13521 and nebulizer regimens provided similar rates of spirometric improvement and duration of hospitalization.

title: Comparison of beta-adrenergic agents delivered by nebulizer vs metered dose inhaler with InspirEase in hospitalized XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3045 :: ('MESH:D000420', 'Chemical') :: ['albuterol']

entities_list: @entity28787 :: ('MESH:D009921', 'Chemical') :: ['metaproterenol']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity23351 ( @entity23351 ) remains a significant burden of @entity1939 . Because of its immune mediated and chronic recurrent nature, common therapy includes (systemic) @entity288 and immune modulatory agents. Most treatments bear the risk of significant adverse effects. Therefore efforts are made to administer therapeutic agents directly into the vitreous cavity. The purpose of this article is to identify the role of intravitreally applied @entity3446 as a recently approved therapeutic option in @entity23351 . Areas covered: A MEDLINE database search was conducted through August 2015 using the terms: intravitreal injection, pharmacology, @entity3446 , treatment, and @entity1596 . To provide ongoing and future perspectives in treatment options, also clinical trials as registered at ClinicalTrials.gov were included. @entity3446 (Opsiria) was in licensed from SANTEN in 2015 and approved in Phase III registration trials in the U.S., Europe and other countries for @entity23351 . Current information results mainly from registration and phase III trials. Expert opinion: Intravitreal @entity3446 appears to be an interesting option in the treatment algorithms of @entity23351 because of its highly targeted molecular effects, nonsteroidal nature and good safety profile. It has the advantage to avoid systemic side effects, but this has to be balanced against the fact that treatment covers one eye only and bears the risks of any intraocular procedure. Nevertheless a careful evaluation of this agent has to be made, since current experience is almost exclusively based on registration trials, and long term effects still have to be explored.

title: @entity3446 for the treatment of noninfectious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['legal blindness']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['Noninfectious posterior uveitis', 'NIPU']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: @entity14911 ( @entity14912 ) was produced and used by various industries and in consumer products. Because of its persistence, it is ubiquitous in air, water, soil, wildlife, and @entity1 . Although the adverse effects of @entity14912 on male fertility have been reported, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. Here, for the first time, the effects of @entity14912 on testicular signaling, such as gonadotropin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor, and inhibins/activins were shown to be directly related to male subfertility. Sexually mature 8-wk-old @entity2659 male @entity19 were administered by gavages in @entity4336 oil daily with 0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg @entity14912 for 7, 14, or 21 days. Serum concentrations of @entity251 and epididymal sperm counts were significantly lower in the @entity19 after 21 days of the exposure to the highest dose compared with the controls. The expression levels of @entity7424 were considerably reduced on Day 21 in @entity19 exposed daily to 10 or 5 mg/kg @entity14912 . The transcript levels of the subunits of the testicular factors (i.e., inhibins and activins), @entity21600 , @entity5412 , and @entity48585 , were significantly lower on Day 21 of daily exposure to 10, 5, or 1 mg/kg @entity14912 . The mRNA expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes (i.e., StAR, @entity28226 , @entity42762 , 3beta-HSD, and @entity63745 ) were notably reduced. Therefore, @entity14912 -elicited subfertility in male @entity19 is manifested as progressive deterioration of testicular signaling.

title: Testicular signaling is the potential target of @entity14911 -mediated subfertility in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14911 :: ('MESH:C076994', 'Chemical') :: ['Perfluorooctanesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity7424 :: ('16000(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['testicular receptors for gonadotropin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor 1']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The interactions between @entity25210 ( @entity25211 )/ @entity28378 ( @entity2556 ) multilayers with human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated by means of scanning angle reflectometry (SAR). We find that albumin adsorbs both on multilayers terminating with @entity25211 (negatively charged) or @entity2556 (positively charged) polyelectrolytes. On films terminating with @entity25211 only, an albumin equivalent monolayer is found whereas when @entity2556 constitutes the outer layer, albumin interacts with the multilayer in such a way as to form a protein film that extends over thicknesses that can be as high as four times the largest dimension of the native albumin molecule. Once the protein film is formed, it is found that when the albumin solution is replaced by a pure buffer solution of same ionic strength as the adsorption solution almost no desorption takes place. On the other hand, when a buffer solution of higher ionic strength is brought in contact with the albumin film, a significant amount of adsorbed proteins is released. One also observes that, for albumin solutions of a given protein concentration, the adsorbed protein amount depends on the ionic strength of the adsorption solution. On surfaces terminating with @entity2556 , the adsorbed protein amount first increases rapidly but passes through a maximum and decreases with the ionic strength. The ionic strength corresponding to the maximum of the adsorbed albumin amount itself depends on the albumin concentration. On the other hand, on films terminating with @entity25211 the adsorbed amount increases with the salt concentration before leveling-off. These results show that the underlying complexity of concentration and pH dependent adsorption/desorption equilibria often simply termed "protein adsorption" is the result of antagonist competing interactions that are mainly of electrostatic origin. We also propose two microscopic models, that are compatible with our experimental observations.

title: Protein interactions with polyelectrolyte multilayers: interactions between human serum albumin and XXXX / @entity28378 multilayers.

entities_list: @entity25210 :: ('MESH:C003321', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrenesulfonate']

entities_list: @entity28378 :: ('MESH:C063994', 'Chemical') :: ['polyallylamine']

answer: @entity25210 :: (MESH:C003321,Chemical) :: ['polystyrene sulfonate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elective lymph node dissection for @entity320 is still controversial. Experimental studies suggest that differential expression, activation, or both of @entity8652 integrins facilitate @entity320 @entity3 . However, the clinical significance of @entity2393 expression in @entity1 @entity320 is unclear. METHODS: We examined primary cutaneous @entity320 from 76 @entity1 undergoing elective lymph mode dissection. We quantified the percentage of @entity5 area stained by @entity2393 antibody with an image analyzer. RESULTS: @entity2393 was expressed in all 23 @entity5 from @entity1 with pathologically positive lymph nodes (LNs) but in only 14 (26%) of 53 cases with pathologically negative nodes (p < 0.001). No @entity1 with @entity2393 -negative @entity5 had LN involvement, whereas 23 (62%) of 37 @entity1 with @entity2393 -positive @entity5 had LN @entity3 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 21 (91%) of 23 cases with LN @entity3 but only 4 (8%) of 53 cases without had @entity2393 staining of 10% or more of @entity5 area (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to show a correlation between expression of a molecular marker in the primary @entity320 and likelihood of regional LN @entity3 . @entity8652 immunostaining of 10% or more of @entity5 area reliably predicts @entity1 most likely to harbor occult LN @entity3 and likely to benefit from ELND.

title: @entity2393 expression in @entity320 predicts occult lymph node XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Chemotherapy for cervical @entity5 @entity1 with recurrent and/or advanced disease has been complicated by excessive @entity137 and short duration of responses, leading to little or no improvement in survival. Modification of drug scheduling and delivery of @entity902 , @entity1732 , @entity1499 , and @entity1487 has resulted in a new combination regimen with @entity137 and a survival advantage for responders. PBM ( @entity902 80 mg/m2 D1, @entity1732 10 mu/m2/day D3-6, @entity1499 150 mg/m2 D15, 22 with @entity4181 ) is alternated with @entity28760 ( @entity902 100 mg/m2 D1, @entity1487 1000 mg/m2/day D2-5) q 4 weeks for 3-6 months. The @entity902 , @entity1732 , and @entity1487 were delivered by continuous infusion. Twenty-three @entity1 with recurrent and 17 with @entity5 are evaluable; 91% of @entity1 with recurrent disease had received prior radiation therapy. The response rate was 30.4% in those with recurrent disease, and 41.2% in those with advanced disease, with 86 and 42.9% of responders respectively achieving a CR. Survival data were analyzed for each group separately, as well as for the combined recurrent/advanced disease group (N = 40). The results and significance were not changed by the groupings. In the combined recurrent/advanced group, median duration of response was 10.5 months, mean 20.1, and the median overall survival was 11 months, mean 20.5 +/- 3.5. There was a survival advantage accrued to the responders (median, 28 months) vs the nonresponders (10 months) (P = 0.0005 by log rank test). Moreover, there was a significant difference in progression-free interval between responders vs nonresponders (P = 0.0001), as well as between responders and those with stable disease (P = 0.001). This regimen was very well tolerated and there was no significant @entity358 . Furthermore, in the subset of 23 @entity1 who had recurrent disease, 67% achieved palliation of @entity158 . Experience with this protocol supports the continuing use of chemotherapy in the management of cervical @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Chemotherapy of recurrent/ XXXX : results of the Yale University PBM-PFU protocol.

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'little toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cervical cancer']


abstract: A simple model for monitoring ovarian stimulation in in-vitro fertilization cycles was designed using daily serum levels of @entity53 and @entity1420 as the only index to determine the day of ovum retrieval. @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin was administered in the evening 2 days after a level of 2500 pmol/l @entity53 in serum was exceeded provided the serum @entity1420 level was less than 5 nmol/l. Ovarian stimulation was initiated in 128 @entity1 scheduled for laparoscopic oocyte retrieval. Twelve cycles (9%) were cancelled before ovum pick up due to sub-optimal hormone levels in serum and five for other reasons. In 107 successful laparoscopies, 616 oocytes (mean 5.8 per laparoscopy) were recovered. The cleavage rate after IVF was 65% in the egg replacement group. In 87 @entity1 , a total of 271 cleaved eggs (range 1-6, mean 3.1) were replaced. The most important factor for establishing a pregnancy was the number of eggs replaced at the same time. Clinical pregnancies were achieved after 30% of replacements, increasing to 50% after replacement of 5-6 eggs. The ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate after the 18th week of gestation was 69%. It was concluded that the simple monitoring model used was consistent with a high pregnancy rate and a low rate of cancelled cycles.

title: Pregnancy rate in relation to number of cleaved eggs replaced after in-vitro fertilization in stimulated cycles monitored by serum levels of @entity53 and XXXX as sole index.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol', '17 beta-oestradiol']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Plant apoplast is the prime site for signal perception and defense response, and of great importance in responding to environmental stresses. @entity273 ( @entity274 ) plays a pivotal role in determining the responsiveness of cells to stress. However, how the apoplast proteome changes under oxidative condition is largely unknown. In this study, we initiated a comparative proteomic analysis to explore @entity274 -responsive proteins in the apoplast of @entity579 seedling roots. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: 14-day-old @entity579 seedlings were treated with low concentrations (300 and 600   M) of @entity274 for 6 h and the levels of relative electrolyte leakage, @entity1234 and @entity274 were assayed in roots. The modified vacuum infiltration method was used to extract apoplast proteins of @entity579 seedling roots, and then two-dimensional electrophoresis gel analysis revealed 58 differentially expressed protein spots under low @entity274 conditions. Of these, 54 were successfully identified by PMF or @entity15 / @entity15 as matches to 35 different proteins including known and novel @entity274 -responsive proteins. Almost all of these identities (98%) were indeed apoplast proteins confirmed either by previous experiments or through publicly available prediction programs. These proteins identified are involved in a variety of processes, including redox homeostasis, cell wall modification, signal transduction, cell defense and @entity1735 metabolism, indicating a complex regulative network in the apoplast of seedling roots under @entity274 stress. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The present study is the first apoplast proteome investigation of plant seedlings in response to @entity274 and may be of paramount importance for the understanding of the plant network to environmental stresses. Based on the abundant changes in these proteins, together with their putative functions, we proposed a possible protein network that provides new insights into oxidative stress response in the @entity579 root apoplast and clues for the further functional research of target proteins associated with @entity274 response.

title: Comparative proteomics analysis of the root apoplasts of @entity579 seedlings in response to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['hydrogen peroxide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antioxidants have not reduced the burden of @entity65 , and current evidence suggests a beneficial role of oxidative stress, via NADPH oxidase (Nox) upregulation, in endothelial function. Homocysteine thiolactone (HcyT) induces @entity1503 and this correlates with increased vascular oxidative stress. AIMS: To determine if pharmacological inhibition of Nox could impair @entity1503 . METHODS: Abdominal aorta were excised from New Zealand White @entity95 (n=6), cut into rings and sequentially mounted in organ baths. Rings were preincubated with 0.55 M homocysteine thiolactone for 1hr, or combinations of putative Nox inhibitors (plumbagin for @entity52881 , gp91ds-tat for @entity71837 , and ML090 for @entity52880 ), 30 minutes prior to the addition of HcyT, followed by a dose response curve to acetylcholine on phenylephrine preconstricted rings. RESULTS: Plumbagin, ML090 + gp91ds-tat and HcyT reduced responses to acetylcholine, and Plumbagin + Hcyt caused constriction to acetylcholine, which was normalised to plumbagin by ML090. Plumbagin + ML090 or plumbagin + gp91ds-tat completely impaired the effect of acetylcholine. ML090 inhibited the effect of HcyT on reduced response to acetylcholine, whereas gp91ds-tat had no effect. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of @entity52880 prevents, whereas inhibition of @entity52881 worsens acetylcholine induced blood vessel relaxation caused by HcyT, while @entity71837 inhibition has no effect. However combinations of Nox inhibitors worsen acetylcholine induced blood vessel relaxation. These results suggest that there is cross-talk between Nox isoforms during physiological and pathophysiological processes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Role of Nox inhibitors plumbagin, ML090 and gp91ds-tat peptide on homocysteine thiolactone induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['HcyT induced blood vessel dysfunction', 'blood vessel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['blood vessel dysfunction']


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate how enrichment for responders increases assay sensitivity in an enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal (EERW) proof-of-concept (POC) study in @entity9 . Adults with moderate to severe peripheral @entity9 entered a 3- to 4-day screening period, followed by a 12-day titration to the highest tolerated dose that provided @entity158 control (pregabalin 50-200mg t.i.d.), and then a 9-day maintenance period. Subjects were stratified as primary responders (   30%), secondary responders (   10% to <30%), or nonresponders (<10%) based on decrease in @entity158 intensity and were randomized to placebo or @entity4481 during the randomized withdrawal period. The primary endpoint was mean of average 24-h @entity158 intensity during the last 3days of treatment period relative to the 3days before randomization. Time-to-efficacy-failure was the key secondary endpoint. Other features included not requiring discontinuation of current analgesic therapies and blinding investigators to study design elements that could contribute to non-treatment-related responses. Effect size (ES) (mean treatment difference/SD) was used to measure assay sensitivity. @entity4481 -treated subjects (n=52) had significantly less @entity158 than those receiving placebo (n=51) (P   .003). Effect size of the primary endpoint was 0.72 for primary responders and decreased if secondary and nonresponders were included in the analysis. The highest ES (1.68) was demonstrated for the endpoint time-to-efficacy-failure seen in primary responders with @entity3949 . The EERW trial design using time-to-efficacy-failure may provide a sensitive and efficient method to conduct POC studies of novel therapies in @entity1 with @entity9 . Enriching a study population with @entity1 who have achieved a 30% decrease in @entity158 with an investigational therapy, and using time-to-efficacy-failure during the randomized withdrawal phase as the primary endpoint, can be used for a proof-of-concept study to optimize assay sensitivity and efficiently determine the analgesic potential of a new treatment for @entity9 .

title: Impact of responder definition on the enriched enrollment randomized withdrawal trial design for establishing proof of concept in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['painful diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['Pregabalin', 'pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['neuropathic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) are characterized by the growth of epithelial components with @entity3558 production in the main pancreatic duct, or a large branch. We report a case of @entity1377 ( @entity1377 ) of the pancreatic head, complicated by pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) and an aberrant pancreatic duct draining into the stomach. A 50-year-old @entity1 with malaise and @entity1087 was found to have a mass in the pancreatic head at a local hospital. He was clinically diagnosed with @entity1377 with invasion to the stomach and duodenum after extensive endoscopic and radiological evaluation and a pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. Histologically, most of the lesion exhibited proliferation of atypical glands, with irregular papillary and villoglandular structures lined by mucinous columnar epithelium, which extended intraepithelially along the dilated pancreatic duct wall. @entity5 cells spread into the duodenal wall formed mucous nodules. The pancreatic ducts of this lesion uniquely showed two @entity600 ; PBM, and an aberrant pancreatic duct opening to the gastric wall. This case was rare in the sense that @entity1377 extended into such unique structures. We report a case of @entity1377 with rare localization. The pathogenesis of this type of @entity5 in an abnormal pancreatic duct will be discussed.

title: XXXX involving pancreaticobiliary maljunction and an aberrant pancreatic duct draining into the stomach: A case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1377 :: ('MESH:D002291', 'Disease') :: ['IPMC', 'intraductal papillary mucinous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['IPMN', 'Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess efficacy and morbidity of microwave ablation (MWA) for small @entity703 in an initial cohort of @entity1 . MWA is a recently introduced thermal needle ablation treatment modality with theoretical advantages compared with radiofrequency ablation, such as greater intratumoral temperatures, lack of a grounding pad, and superior convection profile. However, experience has been limited in the @entity1 kidney. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with a single, solid-enhancing @entity703 from June 2008 to November 2008 received laparoscopic or computed tomography-guided percutaneous MWA at a tertiary referral center with >= 14 months of follow-up. MWA was performed using the Valleylab Evident, 915-MHz MWA system at 45 W with intraoperative biopsy before ablation, and peripheral fiberoptic thermometry to determine the treatment endpoints. The @entity1 were followed up with contrast-enhanced computed tomography at 1 month, 6 months to 1 year, and annually to monitor for @entity5 recurrence. RESULTS: The follow-up duration for the 6 male and 4 female @entity1 (mean @entity5 size 3.65 cm, range 2.0-5.5; mean age 69.8 years) was 17.9 months. The recurrence rate, defined by persistent enhancement, was 38% (3 of 8). The intraoperative and postoperative complication rate was 20% and 40%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: MWA resulted in poor oncologic outcomes with a significant complication rate at an intermediate level of follow-up. However, MWA has promising theoretical advantages and should not be discarded. Additional studies should be considered to better understand the microwave-tissue interaction and treatment endpoints for different size renal masses before widespread use.

title: Initial experience using microwave ablation therapy for XXXX treatment: 18-month follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumor', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumor']


abstract: The influence of high density lipoproteins (HDL) on luteinizing hormone-stimulated @entity35 ovarian theca/interstitial cell steroidogenesis was studied. Without HDL the cells produced primarily @entity3800 from @entity1871 precursors. In the presence of @entity35 or @entity1 HDL @entity134 output increased 3-5-fold, but the type of @entity134 produced was dependent on the source of the HDL. @entity1 HDL nonselectively amplified luteinizing hormone-stimulated @entity134 production, whereas @entity35 HDL promoted progestin production without a concomitant increase in @entity342 output. Comparisons of the activities of apoprotein E-rich HDL (e.g. HDL from intact mature @entity35 ) with apoprotein E-poor HDL (e.g. @entity1 HDL or @entity35 HDL from hypophysectomized immature @entity35 ) suggested that apoprotein E was responsible for the inhibition of @entity342 production. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of @entity35 HDL was abolished by depleting apoprotein E-containing lipoproteins with heparin affinity chromatography. Direct evidence that apoprotein E was the inhibitory constituent of @entity35 HDL was obtained by showing that isolated lipid-free @entity35 apoprotein E inhibited @entity342 production, whereas isolated @entity35 apoproteins A-I and A-IV did not. The possible paracrine function of apoprotein E in ovarian follicular maturation of the ovary is discussed.

title: Apoprotein E-rich high density lipoproteins inhibit ovarian XXXX synthesis.

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: Two hundred fifty-nine previously untreated @entity1 with low-grade @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), Ann Arbor stages III and IV, entered a randomized multicenter trial comparing the therapeutic effect of @entity5805 / @entity229 (ChP) vs. @entity3726 . All @entity1 had symptomatic disease. The therapeutic aim was to achieve an asymptomatic state in the ChP group (n = 132), while in @entity3726 -treated @entity1 (n = 127) the intention was to reach a complete remission (CR). The response rate (CR+PR at 8 months) was 36% in the ChP and 60% in the @entity3726 group (p < 0.01). Three and 5-year survival rates were 59% and 41% in the ChP group and 64% and 44% in the @entity3726 group. The corresponding median survival times were 46 and 52 months. After correction for intercurrent deaths, the overall 5-year survival was 49% for ChP and 54% for @entity3726 -treated @entity1 . The differences were statistically not significant. The time from diagnosis to randomization (time with @entity10094 ) was longer than one year in half of the @entity1 . The median survival time from diagnosis was 68 months, with no differences between the treatment groups. In all histological subgroups ( @entity1072 , IC, CC, and CB-CC), a higher remission rate was seen with the @entity3726 regimen but with no statistically significant influence on survival. Comparing @entity1 below and above 65 years of age, no significant difference in survival was noted between the two treatment groups. The results do not support the use of intensive chemotherapy as first-line therapy in symptomatic low-grade @entity1893 .

title: Chlorambucil/ @entity229 vs. XXXX in symptomatic low-grade @entity1893 : a randomized trial from the Lymphoma Group of Central Sweden.

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic disease']

entities_list: @entity5805 :: ('MESH:D002699', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorambucil']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', "non-Hodgkin's lymphomas", 'NHLs']

answer: @entity3726 :: (1649,Gene) :: ['CHOP']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between nasal obstruction and @entity387 . The effect of postoperative nasal packing on sleep parameters was compared between @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and those with moderate/severe @entity27 . STUDY DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized controlled study. SETTING: Tertiary care center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity1 were recruited among adult @entity1 with a history of snoring scheduled to undergo nasal surgery from November 2009 to February 2010. All subjects underwent polysomnogram (PSG) testing within 30 days prior to surgery. @entity1 underwent nasal surgery and received postoperative nasal packing, and a PSG was repeated on the first postoperative night with nasal packing in place. Outcome measures included a change in respiratory disturbance index (RDI), minimum @entity26 saturation, @entity26 desaturation index (ODI), and duration of snoring. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 were included in the study. @entity1 were stratified into 2 groups: those with RDI >= 15 (n = 23) and those with RDI <15 (n = 26). Nasal packing was found to significantly increase RDI (5.2    4.0 vs 10.4    10.0; P = .0001), duration of snoring (86.5%    13.1% vs 79.3%    15.3%; P = .008), and ODI (7.6    7.1 vs 9.9    7.4; P = .001) in @entity1 with mild @entity27 but not in @entity1 with moderate/severe @entity27 . Mean minimum arterial @entity26 saturation was unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: Postoperative nasal packing aggravated measures of @entity27 in @entity1 with mild @entity27 but not in @entity1 with moderate/severe @entity27 .

title: Impact of nasal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['mild obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['sleep-disordered breathing']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstruction on obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated a positive association between @entity28 and @entity6314 . However, the effect of muscle and fat has not been fully assessed, especially in a healthy elderly population. In this study, we evaluated the impact of low muscle mass (LMM) and LMM with @entity28 on @entity358 in healthy elderly subjects. Our study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2011. @entity1 and @entity1 aged 65 yr or older were included. Muscle mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. LMM was defined as two standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for young healthy adults. Obesity was defined as body mass index >=  25 kg/m(2). The prevalence of LMM in individuals aged over 65 was 11.9%. LMM and pulmonary function (forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were independently associated after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, @entity285 consumption, and frequency of exercise. LMM with @entity28 was also related to a decrease in pulmonary function. This study revealed that LMM is an independent risk factor of decreased pulmonary function in healthy Korean @entity1 and @entity1 over 65 yr of age.

title: Implication of Sarcopenia and XXXX on Lung Function in Healthy Elderly: Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

entities_list: @entity6314 :: ('MESH:D006315', 'Disease') :: ['decreased lung function']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary impairment']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Sarcopenic Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to hypercalcaemia and hyperphosphataemia leads to media calcification and predicts mortality in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). It is debatable whether this exposure is only a risk factor for @entity4288 , or also for superimposed @entity731 . @entity78 exposure is difficult to quantify, because it is variable in time and exerts its deleterious effects only after prolonged presence. METHODS: In 90 dialysis @entity1 , @entity460 and @entity1391 values from the complete dialysis period were collected. From three-month averages, measures for @entity78 exposure were derived after exclusion of transplant periods. @entity78 exposure was then related to @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and to ankle-brachial index (ABI) as markers of early @entity731 . RESULTS: @entity78 exposure was quantified in three ways using 1670 @entity1 -quarters (i.e. three-months periods) covering 93% of the time on dialysis: averaged @entity78 exposure, percentage of time with above-reference values, and burden of hypercalcaemia/hyperphosphataemia represented by this percentage multiplied by months on dialysis. No association was found with @entity121 . @entity1 with increased, not decreased, ABI had higher @entity78 exposure throughout dialysis treatment: hyperphosphataemia burden was 31 (19 to 43) months for @entity1 with ABI between 0.90 and 1.40 and 79 (58 to 100) months for @entity1 with ABI >1.40 or incompressible ankle arteries (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis that @entity78 exposure leads to atherosclerotic changes on top of @entity4288 in @entity454 , and confirm its role in causing @entity16 leading to increased arterial stiffness and incompressible ankle arteries. The used tool for quantifying @entity78 exposure is easy to apply and can properly weigh the complete exposure during @entity454 .

title: Quantifying exposure to @entity460 and @entity1391 in @entity454 ; predictive of XXXX on top of @entity4288 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium-phosphate', 'calcium-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerotic damage']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: Two hundred cases of @entity0 were studied, with particular attention to adjacent non-malignant modifications considered by some authors as preneoplastic changes. @entity75 were recognized in 82% of cases. @entity1373 was present in 51.5% of cases and was more often ductal (83/200) than lobular (40/200). Microscopic cysts were noted in 72% of cases. Calcifications, easily identified by mammography were present in 20% of cases and were associated with @entity1373 in 4/5 of cases. The mean of @entity1 was 58 years. For comparative studies of histologic lesions the following age categories were evaluated: category I less than 50 years (57 @entity1 ), category II greater than or equal to 50 years (143 @entity1 ). @entity1137 , @entity3923 , and, to a lesser degree, sclerosing @entity3923 and @entity45 were more frequently associated with @entity0 in @entity1 younger than 50. Fibro- @entity3202 or lipomatous changes were more often found in the older group of @entity1 , as expected. @entity1463 @entity3923 was significantly more frequent in breasts with multifocal infiltrating @entity189 . Such changes must be considered as risk factors by pathologists when present in mammary specimens without @entity75 , and careful study should be undertaken to locate a possible in situ microscopic @entity189 . No differences appeared in lesions associated with @entity0 in @entity1 with or without a familial history of @entity0 .

title: [Breast lesions associated with XXXX . Study of 200 excision specimens].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical lobular hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous lesions', 'Diverse proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Atypical hyperplasia', 'atypical hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['Sclerosing']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic cysts']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['cancer of the breast']


abstract: To evaluate the possibility that @entity11674 (S.z) the causative bacterial agent of @entity1641 @entity38443 (ESFP), as well as to investigate its pathogenesis, 10 @entity1641 (seven Thoroughbreds and three Anglo-Arab species, ranging from 2-4 years in age) were experimentally inoculated, via an endoscope, into bronchus of the lung lobe with a dose of 30 ml of 1-7 x 10(8) CFU/ml of S.z. After inoculation, autopsy and pathological examinations were sequentially conducted 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 20 hr and 2 weeks later. @entity55 induced by the intrapulmonary inoculation of S.z was characterized by small purulent pneumonic foci in the inoculated areas. With the lapse of time, these foci developed into @entity548 , @entity548 , and then purulent, coagulation @entity39 . These pathomorphological characteristics of experimental @entity55 closely resemble those naturally occurring ESFP. There is strong evidence that S.z. is implicated as a causal factor in ESFP. S.z. grew in the mucus, exudate, and pulmonary effusions. Further, the bacteria showed resistance against phagocytosis by @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and neutrophils. Inhibition of @entity358 and neutrophil function is considered to be important in the development of @entity55 . With the progression of the disease, the neutrophils often adhered to the endothelial surface of the alveolar capillary lumen and played a role in generating coagulation @entity39 of lung tissues.

title: XXXX in @entity1641 induced by intrapulmonary inoculation of Streptococcus equi subsp. @entity11674 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['serous hemorrhagic pneumonia', 'hemorrhagic purulent pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic pneumonia', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity38443 :: ('MESH:D012766', 'Disease') :: ['shipping fever pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary alveolar macrophages', 'PAM']

entities_list: @entity11674 :: ('40041', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['Pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study assessed prescribing patterns for @entity13586 and @entity12698 in the treatment of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) and @entity309 ( @entity309 ), as well as differences in prescribing patterns across physician specialties. METHODS: This was an observational, retrospective, cohort study of a large, US pharmacy claims database. Eligible @entity1 were initiating therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 and had succeeds, equals 90 days' supply of medication, as well as > or =1 medical claim specific to @entity571 or @entity309 between June 1, 2000, and May 31, 2001. Analyses were stratified according to diagnosis, prescribing physician specialty, and @entity1 demographics. The main outcome measure was mean daily usage (ie, mean daily dose [milligrams]; mean number of pills per day; and mean daily consumption [denoted as DACON], calculated as daily dose divided by most frequently prescribed strength). This was primarily a descriptive study. Tests of statistical significance were not performed because the large sample size would have rendered small differences significant. RESULTS: A total of 58,574 @entity1 with @entity571 (81.8% [n=47,935]) or @entity309 (18.2% [n=10,639]) received 220,627 prescriptions for @entity13586 or @entity12698 (47.7% [n=27, 924] and 52.3% [n=30, 650] of @entity1 , respectively) during the study period. Overall, the most frequently prescribed strengths were @entity13586 25 mg and @entity12698 200 mg. In both @entity571 and @entity309 , the most frequently prescribed mean daily dose of @entity13586 was 25 mg. In @entity571 , the most frequently prescribed mean daily dose of @entity12698 was 200 mg; in @entity309 , it was 400 mg. Both pills per day and DACON were higher for @entity12698 than @entity13586 . The DACON for @entity13586 was unrelated to physician specialty. Rheumatologists prescribed @entity12698 at 20% to 40% higher mean daily doses than did primary care physicians, orthopedic specialists, or other specialists. Regardless of physician specialty, the DACON appeared higher for @entity1 with @entity309 than @entity571 , for @entity1 than @entity1 , and for younger (aged <65 years) than older @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis, relative to the most frequently prescribed strength, @entity12698 -treated @entity1 with @entity571 and @entity309 had higher DACONs than @entity13586 -treated @entity571 and @entity309 @entity1 across all subgroups. These observations may have economic implications in terms of direct effects on cost and the need for formularies to consider overall use patterns in addition to pill costs. However, these conclusions are limited by lack of clinical information (other than an @entity571 or @entity309 diagnosis), inability to ascertain actual use, and potential for selection bias.

title: An observational, retrospective, cohort study of dosing patterns for @entity13586 and XXXX in the treatment of arthritis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity12698 :: (MESH:C105934,Chemical) :: ['celecoxib']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether rates of amputation and leg-sparing surgery for @entity1095 of the lower extremities differ between African-American and white @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using Medicare claims data for 1989 and 1990. SETTING: A total of 3313 hospitals in the United States. @entity1 : Random sample of 19,236 Medicare Part A enrollees who underwent amputation and/or leg-sparing surgery for @entity1095 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted odds of toe and/or foot amputation, below-knee amputation, above-knee amputation, lower extremity arterial vascularization, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for African American relative to whites, controlling for case-mix, region, and hospital characteristics. RESULTS: African-American @entity1 were significantly more likely than white @entity1 to undergo above-knee, below-knee, and toe and/or foot amputation and significantly less likely to undergo lower-extremity arterial revascularization and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. These associations occurred for @entity6 @entity1 and @entity7964 @entity1 but were more pronounced among @entity1 who did not have @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Potential explanations include unmeasured factors such as severity of disease and the technical expertise available at hospitals or other factors such as lack of compliance with medical treatment and race-specific treatment decisions by providers. Whatever the cause, interventions aimed toward reducing the number of amputations among African Americans are needed. Further work is required to determine where such interventions should be targeted.

title: The influence of race on the use of surgical procedures for treatment of XXXX of the lower extremities.

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic']

answer: @entity1095 :: (MESH:D016491,Disease) :: ['peripheral vascular disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1620 in @entity879 ( @entity879 ) is a rare occurrence after successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Reuse of the liver graft may be considered. We report a successful OLT using such an organ in a 62-yr-old @entity1 with hematochromatosis-related @entity82 and @entity157 . METHODS: Liver donor was 56-yr-old @entity1 with normal liver function tests. First recipient was a 26-yr-old @entity1 with an @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . Before OLT, she developed progressive @entity772 without obvious @entity2657 on the cerebral CT-scan. The transplantation proceeded as planned and was uneventful. However, @entity1 exhibited bilateral non-reactive mydriasis during postoperative hours and was declared @entity1620 . Transplanted liver was functioning adequately. Its reuse was discussed with her family and the second recipient. After informed consent, the transplanted liver and heart were harvested. First and second liver cold @entity63 times were 10 h and 75 min, respectively. RESULTS: Second recipient recovered uneventful and discharged 23 d after OLT. Liver function is still normal 30 months after OLT without rejection or @entity157 recurrence. CONCLUSION: Even after OLT, @entity1620 remains possible in @entity879 . In absence of contraindications, reuse of transplanted liver allows for a rational use of already rare liver grafts.

title: Reuse of liver graft from a XXXX recipient.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure', 'FHF']

entities_list: @entity1620 :: ('MESH:D001926', 'Disease') :: ['brain dead', 'brain death', 'Brain death']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1620 :: (MESH:D001926,Disease) :: ['brain dead']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity409 is increasing in the United States. @entity3147 is common as @entity409 progresses. However, an accepted method to screen these @entity1 for @entity3147 is lacking. The 6-question undernutrition screening tool was developed for professionals without nutrition training to identify a decline in the nutrition status of @entity1 with @entity1575 . A 3-phase validation study was completed to assess face, content, and clinical validity of the screening tool in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: In phase I, face validity was determined by surveying 13 @entity409 professionals. In phase II, content validity was assessed by surveying 12 registered dietitians who specialize in @entity409 . In phase III, a cross-sectional investigation was completed to compare the agreement between the undernutrition screening tool and nutrition assessment by a registered dietitian (RD). RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity1575 participated in phase III of the investigation. The RD assessment identified undernutrition in 82% of @entity1 (95% CI, 60%-95%). The k statistic indicated a fair agreement between the screening tool and RD assessment. Sensitivity and specificity of the tool were 72% and 75%, respectively, and positive predictive value was 93%. CONCLUSIONS: Feedback from phase I, II, and III indicate that the undernutrition screening tool is simple, is easy to use, and measures the constructs that have the strongest link with @entity409 . Additional minor adjustments to the screening tool and a multicenter investigation are indicated to confirm clinical effectiveness and @entity2915 of the tool.

title: Validation of a Screening Tool to Identify Undernutrition in Ambulatory XXXX With @entity1575 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['undernutrition in liver disease', 'chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-validity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition', 'Malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Progressive growth of the P815 @entity9600 in an immunocompetent host evokes the generation of an antitumor immune response that can be measured in terms of the production of cytolytic Ly-1+2+ T cells in the draining lymph node and spleen. This immunity, designated concomitant immunity, is present on day 6 of @entity5 growth, peaks on day 9, and decays progressively thereafter. It fails to develop in @entity19 made T cell deficient by thymectomy and lethal whole-body gamma-radiation, and reconstituted with syngeneic bone marrow cells (TXB @entity19 ). Employment of a @entity19 survival assay, capable of enumerating metastatic @entity19 cells in cell suspensions, showed that the P815 @entity5 metastasizes to the draining lymph node and spleen at the same rate in normal and TXB @entity19 for the first 6 days of growth of an intradermal P815 @entity5 . By day 6 of @entity5 growth there were approximately 10(3) @entity19 cells in the draining lymph node in both types of @entity19 . However, during the generation of concomitant immunity between days 6 and 9, the number of metastatic @entity19 cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleens of normal @entity5 -bearing @entity19 declined by nearly 90%. After day 12, however, the number of @entity5 cells in the nodes and spleens increased concordantly with the decay of concomitant immunity. These findings, together with the demonstration that @entity784 @entity19 failed to restrain the number of metastatic @entity19 cells in the draining lymph node and spleen, suggest that concomitant immunity is an important defense mechanism against the development of @entity262 . Additional evidence consistent with this interpretation was provided by studies which showed that adoptive immunization with spleen cells from concomitant immune donors significantly prolonged the median survival time of @entity5 -bearing @entity19 by destroying a substantial proportion of @entity19 @entity5 cells already seeded in the draining lymph node. Adoptive immunization also delayed the appearance of @entity3 cells in the spleen.

title: The antimetastatic function of concomitant antitumor immunity. II. Evidence that the generation of Ly-1+2+ effector T cells temporarily causes the destruction of already disseminated XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity9600 :: ('MESH:D034801', 'Disease') :: ['mastocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'TXB tumor']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T cell-deficient']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is an @entity13507 analogue of @entity3774 that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% lasts for up to 24 hours after a single topical dose, which allows for a once-daily dosage regimen. In @entity1 with @entity2790 or @entity1538 , a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% solution (about 1.5 microg) administered topically once daily reduced diurnal IOP by 22 to 39% over 1 to 12 months' treatment in well-controlled trials; efficacy was maintained during treatment periods of up to 2 years. At this dosage, latanoprost was significantly more effective than @entity6839 0.5% twice daily in 3 of 4 large, double-blind, randomised studies, was generally as effective as bimatoprost or travoprost, and was significantly more effective than @entity15438 , @entity16495 or @entity42316 . Furthermore, in @entity1 whose IOP was poorly controlled with @entity6839 , switching to latanoprost monotherapy was at least as effective at lowering IOP as adding @entity15438 or @entity2134 to the regimen. Latanoprost has also shown significant additive effects when used in combination with one or more @entity726 medications. The fixed combination of latanoprost plus @entity6839 was significantly more effective than either of its individual components in two double-blind randomised studies and more effective than the fixed combination of @entity15438 and @entity6839 in a 3-month, evaluator-masked study. Data in @entity1 with @entity2747 are limited, but in @entity1 with elevated IOP after undergoing iridotomy, latanoprost 0.005% once daily was significantly more effective than @entity6839 0.5% twice daily at reducing IOP over 12 weeks of treatment in a large double-blind, randomised study. Latanoprost is generally well tolerated and, unlike @entity6839 , induces minimal systemic adverse events. In well-controlled, 6-month trials, the most commonly occurring drug-related ocular events in latanoprost recipients were mild to moderate @entity3169 (3 to 15%) and iris colour change (2 to 9%); these seldom required @entity1 withdrawal although the latter may be permanent. Latanoprost 0.005% as a single daily drop has shown good IOP-lowering efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity2790 and does not produce the cardiopulmonary adverse effects associated with beta-blockers. Thus, latanoprost is a valuable addition to the first-line treatment options for @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity2790 . In addition, adjunctive treatment with latanoprost in @entity1 who are refractory to beta-blocker therapy is a viable, second-line treatment option. Although preliminary findings are promising, wider clinical experience is required to define the place of latanoprost in the treatment of @entity2747 .

title: Latanoprost : an update of its use in XXXX and @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['other glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperaemia']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity42316 :: ('CHEBI:39455', 'Chemical') :: ['unoprostone']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: Understanding the effect of herpes zoster and zoster-related @entity158 should inform care to improve health-related quality of life in elderly @entity1 . A 12-month, longitudinal, prospective, multicenter observational study conducted in primary care in France enrolled @entity1 aged >=  50 years with @entity697 . @entity1 -reported zoster-related @entity158 was assessed by validated questionnaires (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions [DN4], Zoster Brief @entity158 Inventory [ZBPI], and @entity9 Symptom Inventory [NPSI]) on days 0 and 15, and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 scale on day 0 and at months 3, 6, and 12. Of 1358 @entity1 included, 1032 completed follow-up. Mean    standard deviation age was 67.7    10.7 (range, 50-95) years; 62.2% were @entity1 . Most @entity1 (94.1%) were prescribed antiviral drugs. The prevalence of zoster-related @entity158 on day 0 and at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 79.6%, 11.6%, 8.5%, 7.4%, and 6.0%, respectively. @entity1 with persistent @entity158 had lower scores on the physical and mental component summaries of the SF-12 and the ZBPI interference score than those without @entity158 . By logistic regression analysis, main predictive factors on day 0 for @entity14000 at month 3 were age, male sex, ZBPI interference score, Physical Component Summary score of the SF-12, and @entity1109 of @entity158 (DN4 score >=  4). Despite early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral agents, many @entity1 with herpes zoster experience persistent @entity158 and marked long-term reduction in health-related quality of life.

title: XXXX perspective on herpes zoster and its complications: an observational prospective study in @entity1 aged over 50 years in general practice.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute eruptive herpes zoster']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic quality']

entities_list: @entity14000 :: ('MESH:D051474', 'Disease') :: ['postherpetic neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathic Pain']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of @entity2700 in hospital inpatients can be severe, resulting in morbidity and even mortality. This study examined the ability of surgical @entity1 in a district general hospital to undertake the seemingly minor but critically important task of taking on oral fluids using the conventional, hospital-supplied, water jug and glass. METHODS: Surgical @entity1 receiving oral fluids were interviewed on two occasions. A questionnaire assessed the @entity1 's capacity to use the water jug and recorded his or her experience. The @entity1 's ability to use jugs with varying volumes of water was then observed. RESULTS: Some @entity1 simply could not physically lift the conventional jug of water and often went thirsty; 42% of @entity1 could not reach the jug of water at the time of interview; 31% of @entity1 found the simple task of pouring a glass of water difficult, very difficult or impossible. CONCLUSION: @entity1 need their individual requirements to be assessed and their preferences addressed on admission to hospital, by means of a fluid-assessment chart. Alternative methods of hydration should also be considered. Education and training on the importance of hydration remain key. These small changes could improve @entity1 hydration and independence, thus preventing avoidable harm.

title: Prevention of XXXX in hospital inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

answer: @entity2700 :: (MESH:D003681,Disease) :: ['dehydration']


abstract: The aim of this open study was to compare the outcomes and side effects of plasmapheresis (PP) in @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 treated with @entity786 (Cyc) boluses. The study involved 28 consecutive @entity1 . All of the @entity1 met the ACR modified criteria for @entity1252 and underwent a qualifying renal biopsy. In group I, @entity1 were treated with synchronised therapy (PP, 50 ml/kg, followed by pulse Cyc, 750 mg/m(2), repeated monthly for 6 months), whereas in group II, they were given only intermittent Cyc boluses (at the same dosage). The data were collected in the @entity1 ' records according to a standardised protocol. @entity1 were followed-up for a mean of 4 years. The disease-free survival was analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimated survival curves ([S(t)]). At the end of the 6-month treatment period, a statistically significant number of @entity1 in group I (75%) was in complete remission in comparison to group II (31%) (P < 0.02), whereas at long-term follow-up, these percentages were similar (41% vs. 50%, P = n.s.). The main functional and immunological parameters showed a normalisation in both groups. The risk of a poor renal outcome significantly correlated with high serum @entity1011 levels at the onset of @entity1310 (P < 0.05). We documented a higher rate of infectious complications in group I. This study reports that synchronised therapy is useful in inducing a faster remission in @entity1 with proliferative @entity1988 . However, it is not superior to conventional therapy at long term follow-up analysis. Positive results should be reinforced by a long-term maintenance therapy.

title: Synchronised therapy and high-dose XXXX in proliferative @entity1988 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: PURPOSE: Using nationwide @entity5 incidence data, we examined whether the strength of the association of cigarette smoking with @entity2 risk differs according to major histological type and gender, taking account of other risk factors in the Korean population. METHODS: The study population derived from government employees and teachers aged 20  years and over who participated in a national health examination program in 1998 or 1999. Total study subjects were 1,357,447. After excluding 1556 subjects who were treated with @entity2 during 1998-2000, we restricted our analysis to 1,355,891 cases. We followed up those 1,355,891 subjects who were @entity5 -free at baseline until December 31, 2010. The incident @entity5 cases were identified from the Korea Central Cancer Registry, which is a nationwide hospital-based @entity5 registry system that includes 94  % of the university hospitals and 96  % of the resident training hospitals of the country. RESULTS: A higher risk for having ever smoked was observed for squamous-cell and small-cell @entity189 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . Heavy and long-term smokers were at higher risk for these @entity189 . Significant associations with quantity and duration-related factors were observed mainly among @entity1 . These findings indicate that smoking is closely related to the risk of squamous-cell and small-cell @entity189 among @entity1 as well as @entity1 . However, the magnitude of smoking-related @entity2 risk is likely to differ between @entity1 and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The hazard ratios for all types of @entity2 were significantly higher in male current smokers than in male never smokers. In case of @entity1 , the hazard ratios for @entity420 were not different between current smokers and never smokers. The hazard ratios we found, however, were lower than those reported in Western countries and in Korea, but consistent with those reported in North-eastern Asian countries.

title: Hazard Ratio of Smoking on XXXX in Korea According to Histological Type and Gender.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of the surgical correction in long-standing @entity5971 with @entity2915 fixation. METHODS: Medical charts of a group of @entity1 with @entity5971 who had @entity2915 fixation and underwent surgery for strabismus between January 1991 and December 2004 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. Binocularity was measured by the Worth 4-dot test and Titmus stereo test. Twenty-six @entity1 underwent surgery for strabismus. Twenty-one @entity1 aged 8 to 26 years with a minimum 3-year postoperative follow-up were included. Five @entity1 were excluded because they were lost to follow-up after surgery. RESULTS: Bimedial recession and resection of one lateral rectus muscle were performed in all @entity1 . Recession of the inferior oblique muscle with anteriorization was performed in @entity1 who had @entity2182 . Orthotropia was attained in 14 @entity1 , whereas @entity5971 was diagnosed in 5 @entity1 . Two @entity1 were diagnosed as having @entity5770 . Two @entity1 required a second surgery for dissociated @entity5494 . Overall, 9 of the 21 @entity1 had indications of binocular function and 12 remained the same in their stereoacuity. CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of long-standing @entity5971 with @entity2915 fixation in young adults may improve binocular function and allow long-term alignment stability.

title: Outcome of surgery in long-standing @entity5971 with XXXX fixation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5770 :: ('MESH:D005099', 'Disease') :: ['exotropia']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['vertical deviation']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['residual esotropia', 'infantile esotropia', 'esotropia']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['inferior oblique overaction']

answer: @entity2915 :: (MESH:D006948,Disease) :: ['cross']