abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and complications of immediate preoperative @entity551 (BP) in @entity1 with well-controlled @entity101 but with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 110 and 130 mmHg on arrival at the operating room (OR). DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, large-sample study. SETTING: University-affiliated, 550-bed community hospital. @entity1 : 989 @entity1 with well-controlled @entity101 , who were scheduled for surgery, and who had no previous @entity583 , unstable or severe @entity951 , @entity177 , pregnancy induced @entity101 , @entity4346 , previous coronary revascularization, @entity472 , @entity943 , @entity8526 , or @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 with DBP between 110 and 130 mmHg were randomly allocated to two groups: 400 @entity1 in the control group and 589 @entity1 serving as the study group. The control group had their surgery postponed and they remained in hospital for BP control, and the study @entity1 received 10 mg of @entity594 intranasally delivered. The @entity1 were observed for @entity65 during the intraoperative period and over the first three postoperative days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The two groups were similar in age, gender, type of surgery, duration of anesthesia, and intraoperative fluid administration. There were no statistically significant @entity260 . The hospitalization time was considerable shorter in the study group than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate preoperative reduction of @entity11559 with intranasal @entity594 is safe in @entity1 with well-controlled arterial @entity101 but they presented with severe to very severe @entity101 for @entity1 in the OR. We were able to avoid unnecessary surgery postponement and attendant costs.

title: The dilemma of immediate preoperative XXXX : to treat and operate, or to postpone surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['preoperative dysrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['differences in postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defects']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of arterial blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and neurological complications']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: The seminal vesicles synthesize in an @entity342 -dependent manner a neutral protein of 13.5 kDa molecular weight that makes up about 40% of their secretion ("major protein"). An antiserum against this protein raised in @entity95 was used to localize the antigen within the seminal vesicles. In addition to intraluminal secretion of the seminal vesicles and the ampulla of the vas deferens, ejaculated and ampullary spermatozoa revealed an intense immunoreaction, which was restricted to the neck region of the sperm head and the middle piece, while the principal piece of the tail as well as the sperm head were devoid of immunoreactive material. Comparison of spermatozoa taken from the tail of the epididymis with ampullary spermatozoa showed that about 90% of the latter, but only 10-20% of the former presented this distributional pattern of immunoreactive sites. Epididymal epithelium as well as @entity291 seminal vesicle epithelium showed no immunoreactivity with major protein antiserum. Using a pre-embedding staining technique with gold-labeled primary or secondary antibodies, respectively, no immunostaining could be achieved at the ultrastructural level. Incubation experiments of epididymal spermatozoa in @entity4527 -containing solutions in the absence of @entity460 resulted in a gradual labilization and eventual loss of the plasma membrane of the sperm middle piece. After removal of (at least part of) the plasma membrane, bound major protein could be visualized immunohistochemically close to the mitochondria of the middle piece using a gold-labeled primary or secondary antibody. The acceptor site for major protein therefore seems to reside inside the plasma membrane of the sperm middle piece.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Binding of a major secretory protein from bull seminal vesicles to XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Although @entity12369 ( @entity12370 ), a selective metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 5 antagonist, improves the motor symptoms of @entity191 ( @entity191 ), the effects of @entity12370 on the psychiatric symptom of @entity191 and the mechanism involved are still unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of @entity12370 in anxiolytic-like behavior and firing activity of projection neurons in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) in @entity35 with @entity2955 ( @entity2955 ) injected bilaterally into dorsal striatum. @entity35 were divided into three groups, sham-operated group, @entity2955 lesion with vehicle treatment group and @entity2955 lesion with @entity12370 treatment group. Injection of @entity2955 (10.5  g) into the dorsal striatum produced 31.5% loss of @entity669 hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in the SNpc. The @entity2955 -lesioned @entity35 showed @entity146 and the firing rate of BLA projection neurons decreased significantly compared with sham-operated @entity35 , and no difference was found in the firing pattern of these neurons. Whereas chronic, systemic treatment of @entity12370 (3 mg/kg/day, i.p.; 14 days) attenuated loss of TH-ir neurons, produced anxiolytic-like effect and normalized the abnormal firing rate of projection neurons of the BLA in @entity35 with the bilateral lesions. Systemic administration of cumulative @entity3826 (10-160  g/kg, i.v.) inhibited the firing rate of BLA projection neurons in sham-operated, @entity2955 lesion with vehicle-treated and @entity12370 -treated @entity35 , but the @entity2955 lesion decreased the response of BLA projection neurons to @entity3826 stimulation, while @entity12370 reversed the reactivity of these neurons. These data demonstrate that the partial lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway causes @entity148 symptom and decreases firing rate of BLA projection neurons in the @entity35 . Furthermore, chronic, systemic @entity12370 treatment has the neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and reverses the abnormal firing rate of BLA projection neurons, suggesting that @entity12370 has important implication for the treatment of @entity191 .

title: Chronic, systemic treatment with a metabotropic @entity2227 receptor 5 antagonist produces anxiolytic-like effects and reverses abnormal firing activity of projection neurons in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala in @entity35 with bilateral XXXX lesions.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety behavior']

entities_list: @entity12369 :: ('MESH:C121465', 'Chemical') :: ['2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity2955 :: (MESH:D016627,Chemical) :: ['6-OHDA']


abstract: PURPOSE:: @entity15787 plays an important role in primary @entity751 ( @entity751 ) pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate @entity15787 expression in tears and the conjunctiva and to analyze the impact of @entity15787 on primary @entity751 dry eyes. METHODS:: Eighty subjects were enrolled in this study: 30 @entity1 with @entity936 (30 eyes); 30 @entity1 with non- @entity751 dry eye (30 eyes), and 20 normal controls. Tear @entity15787 levels were measured by flow cytometry, and @entity15787 gene expression in the conjunctiva from impression cytology was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. @entity2194 Index, tear film breakup time, Schirmer I test, and ocular surface staining scores were obtained for all @entity1 . RESULTS:: Primary @entity751 dry eyes had significantly higher tear @entity15787 levels than non- @entity751 dry eyes and normal controls (P < 0.01). In addition, @entity15787 gene expression in the conjunctiva was also higher in primary @entity751 dry eyes than in non- @entity751 dry eyes and normal controls (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences in @entity15787 expression in tears and the conjunctiva between non- @entity751 dry eyes and controls. The tear @entity15787 level was significantly correlated with ocular surface stain scores (r = 0.54, P < 0.01) and Schirmer I test values (r = -0.23, P < 0.05) in primary @entity751 dry eyes. CONCLUSIONS:: Our findings suggest that severity of @entity936 is associated with @entity15787 .

title: Association of XXXX Cytokine With Severity of Primary Sj  gren @entity936 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Ocular Surface Disease']

entities_list: @entity936 :: ('MESH:D015352', 'Disease') :: ['primary SS dry eye']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['Sj  gren syndrome', 'SS']

answer: @entity15787 :: (59067,Gene) :: ['IL-21']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The Bispectral Index Monitor has been validated as an objective measure of sedation depth in the operating room; however, its value for states other than general anesthesia remains unclear. We hypothesized that bispectral index monitoring would reliably correlate with traditional definitions of sedation depth in emergency department @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study we measured the Bispectral Index score and a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score every 5 minutes in a convenience sample of adult @entity2613 @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 . Investigators and treating physicians were blinded to Bispectral Index scores, which were later correlated with modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the most discriminatory Bispectral Index score thresholds for sedation depth. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy paired readings were obtained from 37 @entity1 . Despite being statistically significant (P <.0005), the correlation between the Bispectral Index Monitor and modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores was only moderate (Spearman rho=-0.690) and displayed wide variability. A modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with mild-to-moderate sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 34 (general anesthesia) to 98 (fully awake), whereas a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with deep sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 40 to 98. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated moderate (0.83 to 0.86) discriminatory power at all modified Ramsay Sedation Scale thresholds, with the exception of a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 7 or less, which demonstrated high discriminatory power (0.95). A Bispectral Index score of greater than 83 reliably excluded general anesthesia, and a Bispectral Index score of 70 or less reliably identified general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Bispectral index monitoring reliably predicted @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 who were sedated to the point of general anesthesia from those with lesser degrees of sedation but did not discriminate mild-to-moderate sedation or moderate-to-deep sedation, as measured by the Ramsay Sedation Scale score for the @entity1 undergoing procedural sedation and @entity1337 in our @entity2613 .

title: A study of the Bispectral Index Monitor during procedural sedation and XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['analgesia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although techniques for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are continually being refined, angiographic follow-up studies have indicated a higher rate of anastomoses-related stenoses than expected after traditional on-pump CABG. This study was performed to evaluate the use of intraoperative epicardial color Doppler ultrasound to quality-assess left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to left anterior descending coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) anastomoses performed on the beating heart. METHODS: Twenty-four LIMA-to- @entity3980 anastomoses were evaluated with real-time epicardial ultrasound imaging using an ultrasound transducer positioned between the paddles of the stabilizer during off-pump procedures. The length of the @entity254 (D(A)), diameters of LIMA (D(M)), @entity3980 at the toe of the @entity254 (D1), and 5 mm distally to the @entity254 (D2) were measured, and the ratios between these variables were calculated. The flow velocity through the anastomoses was visualized by color Doppler coding, and flow was assessed with transit-time flowmetry. RESULTS: The epicardial color Doppler ultrasound allowed accurate assessment of the anastomoses. Twenty-three (96%) of the primary anastomoses were confirmed as patent. Mean ratios of D1/D2, D(A)/D2, and D(M)/D2 were 0.89 +/- 0.13, 3.01 +/- 1.04 and 1.32 +/- 0.32, respectively. One @entity254 had a @entity850 more than 50% detected by color Doppler ultrasound. After surgical revision, transit-time flow increased from 22 to 40 ml/min. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound allowed adequate imaging for quality assessment of LIMA-to- @entity3980 anastomoses performed on the beating heart. One @entity254 was revised due to a technical error detected by epicardial color Doppler imaging. Epicardial ultrasound scanning is a valuable tool for intraoperative assessment of LIMA-to- @entity3980 anastomoses during off-pump coronary surgery.

title: Intraoperative color Doppler ultrasound assessment of LIMA-to- XXXX anastomoses in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity3980 :: (MESH:C535887,Disease) :: ['LAD']


abstract: A phase II trial of @entity1206 and low dose @entity229 in hormone-refractory metastatic @entity263 was conducted in order to investigate its safety, efficacy and impact on quality of life. @entity1206 was administered at the dose of 25 mg/m(2) i.v. weekly for 12 weeks and then biweekly, along with 10 mg of daily oral @entity229 until time of progression. Fourteen @entity1 , median age of 74 years, were treated. The treatment was generally well tolerated with @entity1431 and @entity417 as the major side effects. One @entity1 achieved partial remission and eleven remained with stable disease. One of the eleven @entity1 with stable disease had a dramatic PSA response from 1000 to 236 ng/ml; seven of these progressed after week twelve when @entity1206 was given biweekly. PSA response occurred in 5 of 14 @entity1 . The median time to progression was 28 weeks and the median survival was 17 months. Nine out of the 14 accrued @entity1 were evaluable for quality of life assessment. Five of them improved, three remained unchanged and two had a slight worsening. Four @entity1 had improvement in @entity158 control and fatigue. Our preliminary data suggest that the combination of @entity1206 / @entity229 has modest activity in metastatic @entity263 with a very favorable @entity137 profile and is very well tolerated in this group of elderly @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of @entity1206 with low dose @entity229 in the treatment of hormone-refractory metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine', 'Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of reduced @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in a group of female @entity1252 @entity1 and to identify factors predictive of reduced @entity79 . @entity2249 ( @entity2249 ) and @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results were evaluated in 79 pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 aged (mean, range) 49 (22-73) years). Variables evaluated were disease duration, SLEDAI, current and cumulative corticosteroid dose, Steinbrocker's functional classification, use of immunosuppressive agents, and history of @entity174 due to minor @entity130 . A T-score of < or = 1.0 was found in 61.9% at the @entity3570 and 48.3% at the @entity2249 , and 18 (23.7%) @entity1 belonged to the category of @entity170 at @entity3570 , compared to only three (5.4%) @entity1 at @entity2249 . A statistical difference (P = 0.014) was found when comparing @entity3570 @entity79 in pre- and postmenopausal @entity1 . @entity3570 @entity79 had a significant correlation with daily and cumulative @entity134 dose (P = 0.016 and 0.031, respectively). There was a significant difference in @entity3570 @entity79 between the daily @entity134 dose group receiving < or = 7.5 and those receiving > 7.5 mg/day (P = 0.008), and also in @entity2249 @entity79 comparing groups on 0 and > 7.5 mg/day (P = 0.022). There was significant difference in @entity3570 and @entity2249 @entity79 between @entity1 in Steinbrocker classes I and III (P = 0.016 and 0.005, respectively). No significant correlation was found in either subgroup between @entity79 and other studied parameters. We concluded that the prevalence of reduced bone mass at @entity3570 is pronounced among postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity1252 , in those with a high Steinbrocker functional classification and those on a high daily @entity134 dose. Therefore, these @entity1 should be considered as a high-risk group deserving regular spinal @entity79 scans and therapy in time to prevent @entity174 .

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar spine', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral neck', 'FN']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity61099 , an @entity74 , affects the morphological appearance of the tooth enamel, hair, and bone. Previous studies have confirmed that mutations in the @entity5478 gene are responsible for TDO. In this study, we describe a Chinese @entity1 with the typical traits of TDO - kinky hair, @entity2193 , skull and jaw bones thickening, and @entity1463 . Unfortunately, as a result of @entity6661 , we were unable to assess @entity4371 . Examination of the tooth ground section showed a thin layer of enamel with no rods on the @entity1 's tooth and abnormalities in Tomes' granular layer and the dentinal tubules. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the tooth enamel showed significant differences between the @entity1 and the control individuals. A hair sample from the @entity1 observed under a laser-scanning microscope showed longitudinal grooves in the hair shaft. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement showed that the bone mineral density values of the @entity1 's bones was much higher than normal. Finally, genetic analysis revealed a novel de novo missense mutation @entity71135 ( @entity71136 ) in the conserved homeodomain of the @entity5478 gene. This @entity5478 mutation is the sixth causative mutation for TDO to be identified so far.

title: Morphological analyses and a novel de novo XXXX mutation associated with @entity61099 in a Chinese family.

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['excessive attrition']

entities_list: @entity61099 :: ('MESH:C536549', 'Disease') :: ['Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant disorder']

entities_list: @entity2193 :: ('MESH:D003744', 'Disease') :: ['enamel hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity4371 :: ('MESH:C536946', 'Disease') :: ['taurodontism']

answer: @entity5478 :: (1747,Gene) :: ['DLX3']


abstract: @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) is considered by most researchers to be a surgical emergency. However, early repair does not necessarily improve respiratory function or reverse fetal circulation, and many @entity1 deteriorate postoperatively. As a result, in 1985, we began to employ a protocol in which surgery was delayed until the PCO2 was maintained below 40 and the @entity1 was hemodynamically stable; @entity1 in whom these criteria could not be achieved died without surgical repair. Sixty-one consecutive @entity1 with @entity2914 were managed over 4 years; 31 from 1983 to 1984 (group 1) and 30 from 1985 to 1986 (group 2). The groups were similar with respect to sex, side of the @entity600 weight, gestational age, incidence of pneumothorax, and blood gases. High frequency oscillation was used with increasing frequency during the study period, for @entity1 with refractory hypercarbia (13% in group 1, 30% in group 2). All @entity1 were initially paralyzed and ventilated. Mean time from admission to surgery was 4.1 hours in group 1 and 24.4 hours in group 2 (P less than .05). In group 1, 87% of @entity1 had surgical repair (77% within eight hours of admission, 10% after eight hours), and in group 2 only 70% of @entity1 had surgery (10% within eight hours, 60% after eight hours). All @entity1 who were not operated on died. Overall mortality was 58% in group 1 and 50% in group 2; this difference was not statistically significant. These data indicate that our current approach has not increased overall mortality.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Timing of surgery for XXXX : is emergency operation necessary?

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital diaphragmatic hernia', 'CDH']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['defect, birth']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of osteotomy at the time of bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) for continence in classic @entity1494 , in which closure of the pelvic ring and reconstitution of the pelvic diaphragm may affect eventual continence. @entity1 AND METHODS: The results of using osteotomy at the time of BNR in 29 @entity1 were reviewed. The mean bladder capacity before BNR was 76 mL. The indications for osteotomy were a wide pubic @entity6877 and a soft intersymphyseal bar. After osteotomy, all @entity1 were maintained in external fixation and lower-extremity traction for 6-8 weeks. RESULTS: Complications of osteotomy were limited to a partial @entity2096 (one @entity1 ) and delayed union of fragments (one @entity1 ). Complications of BNR included @entity3832 (five @entity1 ) and @entity3226 (six @entity1 ). Continence results were modest, with 11 of 29 @entity1 (38%) dry during the day (dry interval >3 h) and eight of 29 (28%) dry at night. Eight @entity1 had daytime dry intervals of approximately 3 h. The mean preoperative bladder capacity in @entity1 who were dry both day and night was 101 mL. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative bladder capacity remains a key determinant for the attainment of continence after BNR in the reconstruction of classic @entity1494 . Osteotomy allows pelvic closure and thus improves cosmesis of the mons and stabilizes the BNR in @entity1 with a soft intersymphyseal bar, but seems to have no effect on continence when performed at the time of bladder neck plasty.

title: Bladder neck reconstruction in classic XXXX : the role of osteotomy in the development of continence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['bladder calculi']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder exstrophy']

entities_list: @entity6877 :: ('MESH:D046548', 'Disease') :: ['diastasis']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['femoral nerve palsy']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['bladder exstrophy']


abstract: @entity2909 of the bilateral testicular tunica albuginea is extremely rare. To our knowledge, there are only 3 definitely reported cases. This is the first report of bilateral testicular tunica albuginea @entity2909 as a potential cause of @entity4810 . Herein, we report a case of a 47-year-old @entity1 who presented with painless bilateral testicular masses for more than 30 years, besides he also suffered from @entity249 . The complete resection of the @entity5 was performed. The final pathological diagnosis was @entity2909 of the bilateral tunica albuginea. Postoperatively, the @entity1 underwent testicular biopsy. Histopathology confirmed moderate @entity194 , and the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased. In this case, bilateral @entity10523 is the root reason for the @entity1 's @entity249 . Thus, despite the benign nature of bilateral testicular tunica albuginea @entity2909 , they may cause bilateral @entity10523 and @entity249 in @entity1 . In the case of @entity1 with fertility requirements, early local mass excision is often necessary.

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity10523 :: ('MESH:D013733', 'Disease') :: ['testicular hypoplasia', 'testicular dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male infertility']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy of bilateral testes']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyomas', 'Leiomyoma']

answer: @entity2909 :: (MESH:D007889,Disease) :: ['Leiomyomas of the bilateral tunica albuginea of testes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using cell-free DNA for @entity2007 is a highly accurate screening test; however, concerns exist around the potential for routinisation of testing. The multidimensional measure of informed choice (MMIC) is a quantitative instrument developed to assess informed choice for Down syndrome screening (DSS). We have validated a modified MMIC for @entity3 and measured informed choice among @entity1 offered @entity3 in a public health service. The measure was distributed to @entity1 recruited across eight maternity units in the United Kingdom who had accepted DSS. Construct validity was assessed by simultaneously conducting qualitative interviews. Five hundred and eighty-five questionnaires were completed and 45 interviews conducted after blood-draw (or equivalent for those that declined @entity3 ). The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and internal validity. Results indicate the vast majority of @entity1 (89%) made an informed choice; 95% were judged to have good knowledge, 88% had a positive attitude and 92% had deliberated. Of the 11% judged to have made an uninformed choice, 55% had not deliberated, 41% had insufficient knowledge, and 19% had a negative attitude. Ethnicity (OR=2.78, P=0.003) and accepting @entity3 (OR=16.05, P=0.021) were found to be significant predictors of informed choice. The high rate of informed choice is likely to reflect the importance placed on the provision of pre-test counselling in this study. It will be vital to ensure that this is maintained once @entity3 is offered in routine clinical practice.European Journal of @entity1 Genetics advance online publication, 28 October 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.207.

title: Development and validation of a measure of informed choice for XXXX undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing for @entity2007 .

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Non-invasive prenatal testing', 'NIPT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction @entity1 undergoing the Norwood operation consume considerable healthcare resources; however, detailed information regarding factors impacting hospitalisation costs is lacking. We evaluated the association of @entity260 with hospital costs. METHODS: In the present study, we utilised a unique data set consisting of prospectively collected clinical data from the Pediatric Heart Network Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial linked at the @entity1 level with cost data for 10 hospitals participating in the @entity1 's Hospital Association Case Mix database during the trial period. The relationship between complications and cost was modelled using linear regression, accounting for the skewed distribution of cost, adjusting for within-centre clustering and baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 334 eligible Norwood records (97.5%) were matched between data sets. Overall, 82% suffered from at least one complication (median 2; with a range from 0 to 33). Those with complications had longer postoperative length of stay (25 versus 12 days, p<0.001), more total ventilator days (7 versus 5 days, p<0.001), and higher in-hospital mortality (17.6 versus 3.4%, p<0.006). Mean adjusted hospital cost in those with a complication was  190,689 (95% CI  111,344- 326,577) versus  120,584 (95% CI  69,246- 209,983) in those without complications (p=0.002). Costs increased with the number of complications (1-2 complications= 132,800 versus 3-4 complications= 182,353 versus    5 complications= 309,372 [p<0.001]). CONCLUSIONS: This merged data set of clinical trial and cost data demonstrated that @entity260 are common following the Norwood operation and are associated with worse clinical outcomes and higher costs. Efforts to reduce complications in this population may lead to improved outcomes and cost savings.

title: Impact of XXXX on hospital costs following the Norwood operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity260 :: (MESH:D011183,Disease) :: ['postoperative complications']


abstract: A 37-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital complaining of severe @entity490 . His abdomen was distended, and there was diffuse tenderness and guarding in all four quadrants. Laboratory examinations revealed @entity491 without @entity1712 . Abdominal radiograph revealed air-fluid levels in the small intestine. Computed tomography confirmed a dilatation of the small intestine and the presence of @entity843 . An emergency laparotomy was performed for a diagnosis of @entity298 due to @entity1321 . A large amount of yellow transudate was present in the abdominal cavity. An area of induration in the ileum was identified about 40 cm from the ileocecal valve. The ileum proximal to the induration was dilated, and the site of obstruction seemed to be the indurated segment. A partial iliectomy was performed. Histologically, dense infiltration of eosinophils was found transmurally, and @entity1712 was diagnosed. One year later, the @entity1 was free of @entity344 . The relevant literature on @entity14761 is discussed.

title: XXXX presenting as @entity1321 : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia', 'eosinophilic enteritis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain and vomiting']

entities_list: @entity14761 :: ('MESH:C535952', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity1712 :: (MESH:D004802,Disease) :: ['Eosinophilic enteritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity311 is both a social and a behavioral problem that may prompt individuals' demonstration of culturally prescribed behavioral patterns, which in turn, may contribute to their perception and treatment of the disease. OBJECTIVES: The study examines the problems associated with the ways in which students of a Nigerian university perceive @entity281 , seek treatment for the @entity281 , and respond to available treatment options. METHODS: Data were collected using a questionnaire that was administered to 600 male and female undergraduate students in final year classes in 6 fields of study at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife: technology, environmental sciences, social sciences, humanities, health sciences, and pharmacy. An interview schedule was used to conduct an in-depth interview with 120 students who were selected using a systematic sampling technique. The research instrument was pilot tested for validity and reliability, and the items of data obtained were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Results revealed that student respondents suffered an average of 2.33 @entity311 attacks per annum, with male students suffering a significantly greater number of attacks than the females (chi(2)=17.21, df=3, P=.05). Additionally, it was observed that 48% of females admitted a preference for injections over other dosage forms compared to 33.3% of their male counterparts. Injections were favored by females because of rapid onset of action and bitter taste accompanying oral dosage forms. It is worth noting, however, that even within this group, self-medication was quite prominent, suggesting that injections are used without the benefit of medical supervision in the sample population. Although no less than 54.6% of the respondents claimed to suffer from @entity503 -induced @entity111 , 41% of the respondents used @entity503 preparations as their drug of choice in seeking a cure for their @entity281 , whereas only 4% used it for prevention of the diseases. CONCLUSION: This study showed that there is no noticeable difference in the perception of @entity311 between male and female students; however, there is a significant difference between the frequency of attacks in the 2 groups, and this may have considerable influence on the ways male and female subjects treat the @entity281 and their subsequent response to treatment.

title: The response of students to @entity311 and XXXX therapy in a university in southwest Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malarial infection']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent reports on the treatment of a @entity572 due to developmental @entity1141 have documented conflicting data on the importance of the ossific nucleus in the development of @entity39 . @entity353 until the ossific nucleus is present bypasses the time-period of maximal osseous remodeling of the hip, thereby possibly increasing the need for future operations. We hypothesized that hips with an ossific nucleus are more likely to have subsequent reconstructive procedures. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records at two tertiary-care @entity1 's hospitals was completed to identify all @entity1 who had had reduction of a @entity572 due to developmental @entity1141 , performed between 1979 and 1993, when they were less than two years old. @entity1 were excluded if the medical records or radiographs were inadequate, the duration of follow-up was less than three years after the final reduction, a previous reduction had been performed at an outside facility, or the @entity1 had a @entity4094 or a teratologic dislocation. We identified 124 @entity1 (153 hips) who satisfied the criteria for inclusion. The average age at the time of the reduction was eleven months, and the average duration of follow-up was 7.2 years. RESULTS: Overall, fourteen of the sixty-three hips without an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: thirteen had a @entity717 of the proximal part of the femur and one had a combined pelvic and varus rotational femoral osteotomy. Forty of the ninety hips with an ossific nucleus had a reconstructive procedure: twenty-seven had a @entity717 , eight had a pelvic osteotomy, and five had a combined pelvic and @entity717 (p < 0.05). In addition, secondary reconstructive procedures were performed in 17% (ten) of the fifty-nine @entity1 who were less than six months old and in 35% (thirty-three) of the ninety-four @entity1 who were at least six months old, which was a greater than twofold increase. The effect of age was further emphasized at the other age cutoff points. CONCLUSION: Delaying the reduction of a dislocated hip until the appearance of the ossific nucleus more than doubles the need for future surgery to make the hip as anatomically normal as possible. Despite finding a slight increase in the rate of @entity39 after reduction of the hips without an ossific nucleus, we advocate early reduction of a dislocation of a hip due to developmental @entity1141 to optimize the development of the hip with the minimum number of operations

title: Reduction of a @entity572 due to developmental XXXX . Implications for the need for future surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Delaying reduction']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['postreduction ischemic necrosis', 'ischemic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['dislocation of the hip']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['varus rotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival for @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 has improved over time due to the introduction of modern systemic therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of subtype and the year of recurrence on the survival times of recurrent @entity0 . METHODS: Between 1979 and 2013, 813 @entity1 who underwent initial treatment for primary @entity0 experienced recurrence. They were divided into two groups based on the year of recurrence; before 2000 and after 2001. Survival after recurrence was compared between these groups based on following criteria; subtypes, @entity66 ( @entity66 ), and dominant recurrent site. The median follow-up period after recurrence was 4.3 years. RESULTS: Survival improved significantly in the after 2001 group, and a significant improvement in survival was only seen in the @entity1722 -enriched subtype. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity66 , ER, @entity1722 status, dominant recurrent site and the Ki-67 index value were significant prognostic factors. In the @entity1722 -enriched subtype, the year of recurrence, @entity66 and dominant recurrent site were significant independent factors. In the other subtypes, these factors were not correlated with survival. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the survival rate of @entity1 with only the @entity1722 -enriched subtype significantly improved after recurrence. To prolong the survival time after recurrence of both @entity109 and triple negative subtypes, the development of novel targeting therapies to overcome refractory recurrent @entity0 is extremely important.

title: Survival time according to the year of recurrence and subtype in recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['DFI', 'disease free interval']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['luminal']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity490 attributed to compression of the celiac artery at the level of the median arcuate ligament (MAL) of the diaphragm is an uncommon disorder. Although ultrasound investigation and arteriography can be suggestive of the diagnosis, no definitive criteria exist with only cases reports in the literature. This study presents the only known reported case series in which a combination of open and laparoscopic access techniques of MAL decompression are reported. METHODS: A retrospective review of prospectively collected electronic databases of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill was performed for the period February 1999 until February 2009. @entity1 having undergone operation for @entity2850 were identified and participated in a telephone interview. Questions were asked about the success of the operation, the recovery period, and @entity1 satisfaction. RESULTS: Six @entity1 were identified, 3 were male; mean age was 37.7 years. Four underwent open MAL division and celiac ganglion neurolysis, and 2 underwent a laparoscopic approach. Mean follow-up was 48.6 months. All @entity1 experienced symptomatic improvement and were satisfied with their outcome. No @entity1 had symptoms recurrence. CONCLUSION: In this limited experience, MAL division with celiac ganglion neurolysis appears to be an effective treatment for @entity2850 in appropriately selected @entity1 . Both the open and laparoscopic approaches are safe with durable midterm follow-up results.

title: Treatment options and outcomes for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['celiac artery compression syndrome']

answer: @entity2850 :: (MESH:D009408,Disease) :: ['celiac artery compression syndrome']


abstract: @entity34 ( @entity34 ) requires molecular @entity26 during light irradiation to generate reactive @entity26 species. @entity5 @entity519 , either preexisting or induced by @entity34 , can severely hamper the effectiveness of @entity34 . Lowering the light irradiation dose rate or fractionating a light dose may improve cell kill of @entity34 -induced @entity519 cells but will have no effect on preexisting @entity519 cells. In this study hyperoxygenation technique was used during @entity34 to overcome @entity519 . C3H @entity19 with transplanted mammary @entity5 were injected with 12.5 mg/kg @entity17654 and irradiated with 630 nm laser light 24 h later. @entity5 oxygenation was manipulated by subjecting the animals to 3 atp (atmospheric pressure) hyperbaric @entity26 or normobaric @entity26 during @entity34 light irradiation. The results show a significant improvement in @entity5 response when @entity34 was delivered during hyperoxygenation. With hyperoxygenation up to 80% of treated @entity5 showed no regrowth after 60 days. In comparison, when animals breathed room air, only 20% of treated @entity5 did not regrow. To explore the effect of hyperoxygenation on @entity5 oxygenation, @entity5 partial @entity26 pressure was measured with microelectrodes positioned in preexisting @entity519 regions before and during the @entity34 . The results show that hyperoxygenation may oxygenate preexisting @entity519 cells and compensate for @entity26 depletion induced by @entity34 light irradiation. In conclusion, hyperoxygenation may provide effective ways to improve @entity34 efficiency by oxygenating both preexisting and treatment-induced cell @entity519 .

title: Improvement of @entity5 response by manipulation of XXXX oxygenation during photodynamic therapy.

entities_list: @entity17654 :: ('MESH:D017323', 'Chemical') :: ['Photofrin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'carcinoma tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['Photodynamic therapy', 'PDT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: This study investigated changes in T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and immunoregulatory cytokines during @entity3147 . In vitro T cell response to concanavalin A was compared among @entity1949 ( @entity1949 ), energy restricted pair fed control (PF), and ad libitum control (C) @entity95 . Cell cultures were supplemented with crude monocyte supernatants (CMS) from @entity1949 , PF or C animals at either 1% or 8% final concentration in culture. @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) concentration of unstimulated or stimulated lymphocyte culture supernatants and CMS was determined. Lymphocyte cultures from @entity1949 , PF and C animals had enhanced @entity665 incorporation when supplemented with C and/or PF derived CMS. Addition of 8% CMS from @entity1949 @entity95 inhibited proliferation below levels observed in mitogen-only stimulated groups in all cultures. At the 1% concentration, inhibition was seen in @entity1949 and C derived cells cultures and modest enhancement was seen in PF cultures. @entity1421 concentration in supernatants from stimulated and unstimulated lymphocyte cultures from @entity1949 @entity95 were higher than in C and PF cell cultures. These results suggest (a) that under appropriate culture conditions lymphocytes from @entity1949 donors are capable of enhanced proliferation and (b) that @entity308 cell mitogenesis observed in @entity3147 may reflect alterations in immunoregulatory signals. The role of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and @entity1421 in the modulation of this response is discussed.

title: Monocyte factors modulate in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'protein deprived']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed T']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'Prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['protein malnutrition']

answer: @entity3147 :: (MESH:D044342,Disease) :: ['protein malnutrition']


abstract: Forty-six @entity1 were evaluated for complaints of @entity322 . Diagnostic testing included a detailed history, physical examination, urine analysis, and urodynamic studies consisting of a conventional urodynamic test (S.I.) including provocative manoeuvres and extramural ambulatory urodynamic monitoring (e.a.m.). We compared the pre-classification diagnoses obtained from the medical history with both urodynamic tests. Conventional cystometry detected @entity1344 in 8 @entity1 out of 16 with a history of urgency, while a normal detrusor behaviour was observed in the other 8. "Provocative" manoeuvres yielded an additional 13.3%. Extramural ambulatory monitoring confirmed the diagnosis in the 8 @entity1 with @entity2915 and revealed @entity1344 in a further 7. E.a.m. proved adequate in 93.7% of @entity1 with symptoms of @entity1344 . In the group of @entity1 with @entity3142 ( @entity3142 ) e.a.m. revealed @entity1344 in 18.7% of the @entity1 , but did not significantly improved the diagnostic results obtained by S.I. Coughing was the most effective stimulus to objectify @entity3142 . The comparison of the results obtained with S.I. and those obtained with home e.a.m. will probably lead to a more rational use of both methods. Our data confirm the promising impact of ambulatory urodynamic investigation.

title: Standard and extramural ambulatory urodynamic investigation for the diagnosis of @entity1344 -correlated XXXX and micturition disorders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence or voiding disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor instability']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['urinary stress incontinence', 'stress incontinence', 'USI']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 . METHODS: A validated state-transition microsimulation model was used. Microsimulation and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to address the uncertainties in the model. All parameters including @entity174 incidence rates and mortality rates were retrieved from published literature. Simulated subjects were run through the model until they died to estimate the residual lifetime @entity174 risks. A 10 year time horizon was used to determine the 10 year @entity174 risks. We estimated the risk of only the first @entity3604 during the simulation time horizon. RESULTS: The residual lifetime and 10 year risks of having the first @entity3604 (hip, clinical vertebral or wrist) @entity174 for Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years were 40.9% (95% CI: 38.3-44.0%) and 8.2% (95% CI: 6.8-9.3%) respectively. For @entity1 , the residual lifetime and 10 year @entity174 risks were 8.7% (95% CI: 7.5-9.8%) and 1.2% (95% CI: 0.8-1.7%) respectively. The residual lifetime @entity174 risks declined with age, whilst the 10 year @entity174 risks increased with age until the short-term mortality risks outstripped the @entity174 risks. Residual lifetime and 10 year clinical @entity174 risks were higher than those of hip and wrist @entity174 in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: More than one third of the Chinese @entity1 and approximately one tenth of the Chinese @entity1 aged 50 years are expected to sustain a major @entity3604 in their remaining lifetimes. Due to increased @entity174 risks and a rapidly ageing population, @entity170 will present a great challenge to the Chinese healthcare system. LIMITATIONS: While national data was used wherever possible, regional Chinese hip and clinical @entity174 incidence rates were used, wrist @entity174 rates were taken from a Norwegian study and calibrated to the Chinese population. Other @entity174 sites like tibia, humerus, ribs and pelvis were not included in the analysis, thus these risks are likely to be underestimates. @entity174 risk factors other than age and sex were not included in the model. Point estimates were used for @entity174 incidence rates, @entity170 prevalence and mortality rates for the general population.

title: Residual lifetime and 10 year absolute risks of @entity3604 in Chinese XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic fracture', 'osteoporotic fractures', 'osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Fracture', 'vertebral fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2794 following @entity131 ( @entity131 ) sustained in military service, while common, is highly challenging to treat with existing pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions and may be complicated by co-morbid posttraumatic stress. Recently, a novel form of brainwave-based intervention known as the Flexyx Neurotherapy System (FNS) that involves minute pulses of electromagnetic energy stimulation of brainwave activity has been suggested as a means to address symptoms of @entity131 . This study reports on a clinical series of @entity1 with @entity2794 following service-connected @entity131 treated with FNS. METHODS: Nine veterans of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq with moderate to severe @entity2794 following service-connected @entity131 and complicated by posttraumatic stress symptoms were treated in 20 individual FNS sessions at the Brain Wellness and Biofeedback Center of Washington (in Bethesda, Maryland, USA). They periodically completed measures including the Brief Pain Inventory-Headache (BPI-HA) past week worst and average @entity158 ratings, the @entity1005 Checklist-Military version ( @entity4351 -M), and individual treatment session numerical rating scale (NRS) for degree of @entity73 . Data analyses included beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons for the BPI-HA, @entity4351 -M, and @entity73 NRS. RESULTS: All beginning to end of treatment t-test comparisons for the BPI-HA, @entity4351 -M, and @entity73 NRS indicated statistically significant decreases. All but one @entity1 experienced reduction in @entity10 along with reductions in posttraumatic stress and perceived @entity73 , with a subset experiencing virtual elimination of @entity10 . One @entity1 obtained modest @entity10 relief but no improvement in posttraumatic stress or @entity73 . CONCLUSIONS: FNS may be a potentially efficacious treatment for chronic @entity10 sustained in military service. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of FNS within a randomized, controlled clinical trial, to identify characteristics of those most likely to respond, and to explore underlying mechanisms that may contribute to improvement.

title: Neurotherapy for XXXX following @entity131 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['Posttraumatic Stress Disorder']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['chronic headaches', 'chronic headache', 'Chronic headache']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic headache', 'headache', 'headaches']

answer: @entity2794 :: (MESH:D020773,Disease) :: ['chronic headache']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present paper was to review the initial experience of an endovascular aortic stent graft program at a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong. METHODS: Demographics, operative details, complications and follow-up data of all the @entity1 receiving endovascular repair for @entity2333 were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: Between July 1999 and December 2001, endovascular repairs were attempted in 39 @entity1 with @entity2333 . The procedural success rate was 97.4%. Thirty-three procedures were for abdominal aorto-iliac @entity439 . Graft configuration was bifurcated in 28 @entity1 (85%) while an aorto-uni-iliac device with a femoro-femoral bypass was carried out in the remaining five @entity1 . Thoracic procedures were carried out for one thoracic aortic @entity439 , two traumatic thoracic aortic injuries, one @entity1580 , and one thoracic aortic @entity2849 with @entity2009 . There was one hospital mortality (2.6%) from a type A @entity1580 with @entity2293 . @entity260 were seen in seven @entity1 (18%). With a mean follow-up of 11.6 +/- 8.1 months, there was no open conversion or @entity397 . The endoleak rate was 27% at discharge, 15% at 6 months and 5% at 12 months postoperatively. For @entity439 endografts, the @entity439 sac decreased in size in 21 @entity1 (62%), and remained static in 13 @entity1 (38%). CONCLUSIONS: The endoluminal stent graft appears to be a promising device that can be used safely in selected @entity1 with @entity2333 . Continued follow-up is required to monitor the presence of endoleak and the size of the @entity439 sac.

title: Endoluminal stent grafts for XXXX : experience at a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-oesophageal fistula']

entities_list: @entity2293 :: ('MESH:D002305', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tamponade']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2333 :: (MESH:D001018,Disease) :: ['aortic diseases']


abstract: Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe @entity272 was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe @entity39 and predominantly @entity1909 , @entity3136 , and @entity32269 , with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with @entity5644 Schiff and Gomori's @entity1332 silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: @entity14621 , Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a @entity66 of free-ranging snakes.

title: An outbreak of @entity1909 and XXXX in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

entities_list: @entity14621 :: ('29908', 'Species') :: ['Sporothrix schenckii']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin, eye, and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity32269 :: ('MESH:C535922', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous dermatitis']

answer: @entity3136 :: (MESH:D013280,Disease) :: ['stomatitis']


abstract: Expression of @entity69 receptors of cultured @entity1 lymphocytes has been investigated by using monoclonal antibody (5E9) specific for @entity1 @entity69 receptors. When isolated lymphocytes were cultured in a medium containing fetal calf serum, the biosynthesis of @entity69 receptor was barely detectable. The addition of concanavalin A or human serum to the medium caused a slight stimulation of the biosynthesis. The addition of concanavalin A and human serum in combination caused the highest biosynthetic activity. Appearance of the receptor on the cell surface increased in parallel with the degree of the synthesis. Treatment of concanavalin A- and human serum-treated cells with @entity864 ( @entity865 ) resulted in a marked stimulation of the phosphorylation of the receptor. Enhancement of phosphorylation occurred within 20 min after the addition of @entity865 . The density of the receptor on the cell surface slightly increased upon @entity865 treatment of cells, and the treatment was without effect on @entity68 incorporation from @entity69 into the cells. The density of newly synthesized receptor in @entity865 -treated cells was similar to that in non-treated cells. These results indicated that @entity865 treatment of mitogen-activated @entity1 lymphocytes stimulated the phosphorylation of @entity69 receptors, but @entity865 had no effect on the expression of the receptors thereafter.

title: Expression and phosphorylation of XXXX receptors in mitogen-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity69 :: (7018,Gene) :: ['transferrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3446 -coated stents are a promising new therapy for @entity256 . We treated a select group of @entity1 at especially high risk for @entity256 with oral @entity3446 . METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 were treated with an oral @entity3446 -loading dose of 6 mg after coronary angioplasty, followed by 2 mg/d for 4 weeks. Serum electrolytes, lipid profile, renal panel, and complete blood cell count were measured at 1, 3, and 5 weeks after drug initiation. Oral @entity3446 was prescribed to 22 @entity1 who had a total of 28 lesions and were at high risk for @entity256 . Of the 22 study @entity1 , 11 (50%) discontinued oral @entity3446 early because of side effects or @entity854 . @entity2298 and @entity1431 were the most frequent adverse events, occurring in 3 @entity1 each. All adverse drug effects were reversible after discontinuation. Follow-up was obtained in 100% of @entity1 at a mean of 9.9+/-1.8 months, ranging from 6.5 to 11.8 months. @entity75 revascularization (TLR) occurred in 15 of 28 lesions (53.6%) and 13 of 22 @entity1 (59.1%). There was no difference in TLR for @entity1 receiving a complete course of @entity3446 (n=8; 72.7%) compared with @entity1 who terminated treatment prematurely (n=5; 45.5%; P=NS). Clinically driven repeat cardiac catheterization was obtained in 15 (68.2%) @entity1 ; @entity256 (>50% diameter stenosis at follow-up) was present in 13 (86.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral @entity3446 does not appear to provide benefit to @entity1 with recalcitrant @entity256 . Adverse drug effects are frequent, underscoring the importance of local drug delivery to achieve high tissue concentrations without systemic adverse drug effects.

title: Pilot trial of oral @entity3446 for recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Target lesion']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['restenosis']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['laboratory abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity256 :: (MESH:D023903,Disease) :: ['restenosis']


abstract: This study was aimed to investigate the fundus changes of @entity1 with pregnancy-induced @entity101 syndrome (PIHS) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) technology and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) tests.Ninety-eight @entity1 with PIHS underwent routine eye examinations including vision correction, fundus examination, OCT, and @entity8 tests. The @entity8 test was performed at low, medium, and high frequency, respectively. Moreover, the difference in @entity8 tests between 2 groups was analyzed by independent-samples T test. The Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and linear regression model were used to detect the correlation of OCT with @entity8 , respectively. Meanwhile Satterthwaite approximate T test was adopted for pairwise comparisons after nonparametric analysis of variance.The OCT test revealed that 56.76% of the examined eyes showed shallow @entity1713 in the macula lutea and around the optic disk. The differences in @entity8 at each spatial frequency between the case and control group were statistically significant (P<0.01). Besides, OCT manifestations were associated with @entity8 at each spacial frequency including 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 18 frequency (P<0.01). And @entity1 with abnormal manifestations of OCT showed lower @entity8 at each spacial frequency than those without abnormal OCT manifestations. What's more the OCT manifestation 1 showed the greatest impact on @entity8 at each spacial frequency.The results showed that abnormal OCT manifestations were correlated with @entity8 in PIHS. OCT and @entity8 tests might be valuable methods in observing fundus changes for PIHS @entity1 .

title: Application of Optical Coherence Tomography and Contrast Sensitivity Test for Observing Fundus Changes of @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'contrast sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, @entity2383 and immediate @entity56 in a population exposed to flour and cereal dusts in five flour mills in Morocco. METHODS: The study of 373 exposed and 301 non-exposed subjects consisted of an analysis of working conditions and a medical survey. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prevalence of clinical respiratory symptoms was 64.1% among exposed subjects and 41.2% among non-exposed subjects. Cough, expectoration, @entity2490 , @entity2024 , @entity1909 , @entity565 and chronic @entity3617 were more frequent among mill-workers. Spirometry was abnormal in 31.6% of those exposed: anomalies were found in both flow and volume. Among exposed subjects with a @entity74 , 77.9% had only small airways syndrome or a light deficit. Smoking was the cause of excess morbidity. Skin prick tests were positive for at least one allergen in 65.4% of exposed compared to 27.2% non-exposed subjects. The prevalence of positive skin tests to occupational allergens alone was higher among those exposed (42.4%) than among the non-exposed (9.9%). The implementation of adequate medical and technical prevention may reduce this risk.

title: [The prevalence of respiratory symptomes and immediate XXXX in a population exposed to flour and cereal dust in five flour mills in Morocco].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory disorder']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory function disorder']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['hypersensitivity reactions']


abstract: PURPOSE: In this prospective study we evaluated the results of @entity3371 enhanced diuretic renography in @entity1 with congenital unilateral ureteropelvic junction type @entity3041 . @entity3371 renography helps to distinguish @entity1 who have renin-angiotensin system activation from those in whom it is not yet activated. Renin-angiotensin system activation heralds the beginning of compensatory vasoactive response in the kidney. Identifying grades of such activation may help in determine the end points of nonoperative management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 25 @entity1 with suspected unilateral @entity4145 treated at our department. A prenatal diagnosis was made in 60% of cases. @entity1 age was 1 to 144 months (mean 40) and the male-to-female ratio was 4:1. Followup was 6 to 72 months (mean 30). @entity1 evaluation and analysis included sonography, standard diuretic and @entity3371 renography, glomerular filtration rate, serum @entity1011 and blood pressure. The indications for surgery were symptoms, differential function below 35%, or a documented decrease of 10% or more during followup. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system was considered positive when split renal function decreased significantly by 5% or more in an obstructed system on a post- @entity3371 study. The results of @entity3371 renography were examined retrospectively in @entity1 who required surgery according to preexisting criteria. RESULTS: Society for Fetal Urology @entity3041 grade was II to IV in 8, 10 and 7 renal units, respectively. The renin-angiotensin system was activated in 8 of the 25 cases (32%) of unilateral @entity4145 . In 15 @entity1 there was no change on pre- @entity3371 and post- @entity3371 studies and in 2 split renal function on the obstructed side marginally increased on the post- @entity3371 study. Surgical correction was required in only 6 of the 8 @entity1 with renin-angiotensin system activation. Of those who required surgery @entity3041 was grades II to IV in 3, 1 and in 2 @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the current study renin-angiotensin system activation correlated with the need for surgery in 75% of the cases of congenital unilateral ureteropelvic type @entity3041 . Since @entity3371 serves to identify @entity1 who have renin-angiotensin system activation, it may also be possible to grade this activation. Our preliminary results show that there may be a role for @entity3371 renography for identifying the risk group for surgical intervention.

title: Prognostic significance of @entity3371 renography for managing congenital unilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']

answer: @entity3041 :: (MESH:D006869,Disease) :: ['hydronephrosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To test whether the rates of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions are higher in @entity1 treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CNT) for metastatic @entity1358 (mRCC) relative to @entity1 treated with nephrectomy (NT) for non-mRCC. METHODS: We assessed 17,688 @entity1 treated with a NT between years 1999 and 2008, within the Florida Inpatient Database. Chi-square and Student t-tests were used to compare the statistical significance of differences in proportions and means, respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses tested the relationship between surgery type (CNT vs. NT) and three end points: in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions. RESULTS: Overall, 6.0% of @entity1 underwent CNT. The rates of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions were 2.4, 26.5, and 24.3% in CNT @entity1 versus 0.9, 18.9, and 11.1% in NT @entity1 . At multivariable analyses, CNT @entity1 demonstrated a 2.0-, 1.3-, and 2.4-fold higher risk of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions (all P < 0.001). Similarly, more advanced age, comorbidity, and the cumulative number of secondary surgical procedures were independent predictors of a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions is higher in @entity1 treated with CNT relative to NT. Older age, higher comorbidity, and the necessity of secondary surgical procedures further increases the risk of all aforementioned end points. Physicians should consider these observations during the planning of a CNT, and @entity1 should be informed accordingly.

title: Mortality and morbidity after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic XXXX : a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: A high efficiency procedure for the purification to homogeneity of an ovine fetal @entity9418 is described. Fetal sheep serum was used as the source material, and activity was followed throughout purification by an @entity5100 RRA. @entity5100 -like activity was initially enriched through binding at acid pH to a column of SP-Sephadex C-25 and elution with a neutral pH high-salt buffer. Further chromatography on SP-Sephadex resulted in a preparation containing less than 0.1% of the original serum protein content, but retaining much of the @entity5100 -like activity. This enriched fetal IGF preparation was then purified to homogeneity using reverse phase HPLC. However, chromatography on an HPLC gel filtration column was found to be essential to ensure the stability of the purified peptide during storage, although this procedure did not result in any apparent increase in purification. The final yield of purified ovine fetal IGF was 80 micrograms from 400 ml fetal sheep serum. Only one polypeptide chain was detected during @entity1472 -terminal sequencing of the fetal @entity9418 , and the preparation gave a single band on both gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, indicating that the peptide was essentially pure. The sequence (eight @entity535 residues) was identical to the equivalent sequence in @entity5100 from @entity1 , @entity35 , and @entity291 sources. In additional, @entity535 analysis of the ovine fetal IGF showed close similarity to the @entity535 content of @entity5100 from other species. The mol wt of the purified peptide, estimated by HPLC gel filtration, was approximately 7000, close to that of previously purified somatomedins, and the isoelectric point, obtained by chromatofocusing, was around pH 6.8. Thus, the purified ovine fetal @entity9418 appears to be similar to @entity5100 from other species, and may be the ovine homolog of @entity1 @entity5100 .

title: Purification and characterization of a fetal XXXX from the sheep: similarity to insulin-like growth factor II.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity5100 :: ('3481', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor (IGF) II', 'IGF-II']

answer: @entity9418 :: (443318(Tax:9940),Gene) :: ['somatomedin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: terminal deletions of the distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 3 cause a rare @entity2526 characterized by @entity851 , @entity245 , @entity1032 , @entity4238 , @entity4242 and @entity1736 . The phenotype of individuals with deletions varies from normal to severe. It was suggested that a 1,5 Mb minimal terminal deletion including the two genes @entity32167 and @entity40264 is sufficient to cause the syndrome. In addition the @entity43851 gene, mapping at 3p26.3 distally to @entity32167 and @entity40264 , was proposed as candidate gene for a non specific @entity1032 because of its high level of expression in the brain. METHODS AND RESULTS: we describe two affected siblings in which array-CGH analysis disclosed an identical discontinuous terminal 3p26.3 deletion spanning less than 1 Mb. The deletion was transmitted from their normal father and included only the @entity43851 gene. The two brothers present @entity4242 , light @entity1032 , learning and language difficulties but not the typical phenotype manifestations described in @entity36147 . CONCLUSION: a terminal 3p26.3 deletion including only the @entity43851 gene is a very rare finding previously reported only in one family. The phenotype of the affected individuals in the two families is very similar and the deletion has been inherited from an apparently normal parent. As already described for others recurrent syndromes with variable phenotype, these findings are challenging in genetic counselling because of an evident variable penetrance.

title: Microarray based analysis of an inherited terminal 3p26.3 deletion, containing only the XXXX gene, from a normal father to his two affected children.

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth retardation']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity2526 :: ('MESH:D025063', 'Disease') :: ['contiguous gene disorder']

entities_list: @entity4238 :: ('MESH:D057215', 'Disease') :: ['dysmorphisms']

answer: @entity43851 :: (10752,Gene) :: ['CHL1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell growth can be induced via elicitation of protease-activated receptors (PAR) with @entity563 proteases such as thrombin and trypsin. METHODS: To understand whether PAR are involved in @entity5 vessel formation in the neoplastic cell-bearing alveolar walls, immunohistochemical and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed using the lung tissues from 16 @entity1 with primary @entity2220 . RESULTS: In microdissected @entity5 alveolar walls, the expressions of @entity8781 and @entity12610 mRNA were increased by 10-fold (P < 0.05) and 16-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, as compared with normal alveolar walls. Confocal microscopy revealed that @entity5 capillary endothelial cells in alveolar walls lost thrombomodulin expression. Instead, the expression of @entity12610 often became obvious at the normal border. Both @entity8781 and @entity12610 were expressed in the microvessel endothelial cells in @entity5 . Trypsin mRNA was expressed in 7 of the 16 @entity5 cell-bearing tissue specimens in contrast to 1 of the 14 normal alveolar walls. Immunohistochemically, trypsin was positive in the neoplastic cells from 10 @entity1 and in @entity2220 cell lines (A549, @entity72314 , LC-2, and PC-14). An in vitro assay showed a significant increase in @entity9989 ( @entity28299 ) or @entity1603 uptake in @entity1 pulmonary artery endothelial cells and @entity1 umbilical cord vein endothelial cells after treatments with alpha-thrombin or activating peptides; SFLLRN for @entity8781 and SLIGKV for @entity12610 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, proliferation of @entity8025 endothelial cells is initialized in part by PAR activation with serum thrombin and neoplastic cell-released trypsin. These results suggest a synergistic effect of PAR with @entity7 in @entity133 .

title: @entity8781 and @entity12610 participate in the cell growth of XXXX endothelium in primary @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9989 :: ('MESH:D007065', 'Chemical') :: ['idoxuridine']

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity8025 :: ('MESH:C536590', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar capillary']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar angiogenesis']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas', 'lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity8025 :: (MESH:C536590,Disease) :: ['alveolar capillary']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Groin injuries are common in sports, particularly multidirectional team sports, but incidence rates across sports other than football (soccer) have been poorly documented. METHODS: A systematic review (initially using PubMed and SportDiscus databases) was performed to record incidence of groin and groin region injuries in sports. Inclusion criteria included presentation of @entity130 incidence data for at least 10 team/squad seasons. RESULTS: Data from 31 studies were included. These used varying @entity130 and also considered varying injury categories from general to specific (all groin/hip region injuries, groin injuries, adductor muscle strains, intra-articular @entity4822 ). When playing the same sport, @entity1 had greater injury incidence of @entity130 than @entity1 (relative risk, RR 2.45, 95% CI 2.06 to 2.92). Sports with high incidences of @entity130 included ice hockey and the football codes. There is variation by player position for rate of @entity130 in many sports. @entity4822 have become more commonly diagnosed over the past decade in Australian football (p=0.001) and other sports. CONCLUSIONS: There is moderate evidence that @entity1 have a higher risk of @entity130 than @entity1 when playing the same sport. There is some evidence that @entity4822 are being increasingly diagnosed in the subset of 'groin injuries' in recent years. It is recommended that injury epidemiology consensus statements aim to include a number of relevant sports to improve injury incidence comparisons among different sports.

title: XXXX at higher risk of groin injuries in elite team sports: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity4822 :: ('MESH:D025981', 'Disease') :: ['hip injuries', 'Hip injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury definitions', 'groin injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Men']


abstract: The first aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of @entity3251 in newborn @entity1 treated by the public health system in Porto Alegre, a city in southern Brazil, using neonatal screening for @entity3204 -specific IgM. The second aim was to investigate whether the cases detected by this approach could have been identified by the prenatal screening for antibodies to @entity3204 that was performed in the same population. A fluorometric assay was used to analyse @entity3204 -specific IgM in filter paper specimens obtained from newborn @entity1 for routine screening for @entity209 . When the specific IgM was positive, serum samples from the @entity1 and the mother were requested for confirmatory serological testing, and the @entity1 underwent clinical examination. Among 10 000 @entity1 screened for @entity3204 -specific IgM, seven filter paper samples were positive, and @entity3251 was confirmed in six @entity1 . The prevalence of IgM specific for @entity3204 was 6/10 000 [95% CI 2/10 000, 13/10 000]. One infected @entity1 had already been identified in the maternity ward before birth, three had been identified by maternal serology at delivery, and two @entity1 with @entity3251 were identified solely through neonatal screening. Although four mothers of the @entity1 with @entity3251 received prenatal care, and three mothers had one or two serological tests for T. gondii-specific antibodies (one at first trimester, one at first and second trimesters, and the other at second and third trimesters), they were not identified during pregnancy as infected. Neonatal screening identified cases of @entity281 not detected by obtaining only one or two serum samples from pregnant @entity1 for @entity3204 serology, mainly when @entity281 was acquired and transmitted in late pregnancy. Maternal serology at delivery and neonatal screening were especially useful in the identification of @entity1 with @entity3251 when the mother did not receive regular prenatal serological testing or prenatal care.

title: @entity3251 : late pregnancy XXXX detected by neonatal screening and maternal serological testing at delivery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases']

entities_list: @entity3251 :: ('MESH:D014125', 'Disease') :: ['congenital toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: The left ventricular response to upright bicycle exercise was studied in 39 unselected, non-beta blocked @entity1 (mean(SEM) age 54.2(1.7)yr) (mean(SEM) resting ejection fraction 41.9(2.3)%) 8-10 weeks after @entity583 . Nine healthy, age matched, sedentary adult @entity1 were studied for comparison (mean(SEM) age 49.8(0.9)yr). The @entity64 volume and cardiac output were measured by impedance cardiography at rest and after each 3 min workload until symptom limited maximum. The @entity1 were separated into three groups based on @entity64 volume response to graded exercise. Group 1 (n = 14) had a normal @entity64 volume response to increasing heart rate. In group 2 (n = 13) @entity64 volume increased initially then decreased by greater than 15% at a heart rate greater than 100-105 beats. @entity1009 . In group 3 (n = 12) @entity64 volume failed to increase during exercise. In group 1 cardiac output and mean arterial pressure increased whereas vascular resistance decreased during exercise in a normal fashion. Group 2 had an increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance throughout exercise while heart rate increased in a similar fashion to group 1 until work of greater than 70 W was undertaken, at which time heart rate increased in a curvilinear fashion and cardiac output was attenuated. Group 3 had an @entity998 and a higher heart rate during exercise. In this group of @entity1 systemic vascular resistance failed to decrease normally during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response to upright exercise after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['attenuated cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 prognosis has been shown to directly correlate with the severity of @entity453 diagnosed by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA). Although the presence of coronary artery @entity460 has been associated with increased incidence of @entity385 , there are no data on the incidence of @entity385 based upon the severity of @entity453 by CCTA. Therefore, we sought to investigate the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events, including @entity385 , based upon the severity of @entity453 by CCTA over a 6-year period in a high-volume single military center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all CCTA studies to evaluate the incidence of all-cause mortality, non-fatal @entity583 , @entity385 , and late revascularization (>90 days following CCTA) from January 2005 until July 2012. We reviewed 1518 CCTA reports, dividing @entity1 into groups with obstructive (>= 50% stenosis), non-obstructive (<50% stenosis), and no @entity453 (no angiographic disease). Subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events data (incidence of all-cause mortality, @entity385 , non-fatal @entity583 , and late revascularization) were obtained. RESULTS: Over a review period of 6 years with a resultant median follow-up period of 22 months (interquartile range = 13-34 months), the major adverse cardiovascular events rate was significantly higher with obstructive @entity453 compared to both @entity453 and no @entity453 (8.9% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001; 8.9% vs 1.6%, p < 0.001). The incidence of @entity385 alone was also significantly higher in those with obstructive @entity453 compared to those with no @entity453 (3.8% vs 0.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Being free of disease on CCTA was associated with excellent cardiovascular prognosis. Obstructive @entity453 was associated with a significantly increased incidence of @entity385 . There was also a direct correlation between the severity of @entity453 on CCTA and cardiovascular prognosis over the follow-up period of 24 months.

title: Assessment of major adverse cardiovascular events and XXXX with coronary computed tomography angiography based upon angiographic diagnosis in a high-volume single center.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease', 'non-obstructive coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have organ-protective effects in @entity712 and may be also effective in @entity632 -induced @entity296 (DOX-CMP); however, the efficacy of ARBs on the prevention of DOX-CMP have not been investigated. We performed a preclinical experiment to evaluate the preventive effect of a novel ARB, @entity48152 , in DOX-CMP. All animals underwent echocardiography and were randomly assigned into three groups: treated daily with vehicle ( @entity3105 -only group, n=22), 5 mg/kg of @entity48152 (Low-fima group, n=22), and 10 mg/kg of @entity48152 (High-fima group, n=19). @entity3105 was injected once a week for six weeks. Echocardiography and hemodynamic assessment was performed at the 8th week using a miniaturized conductance catheter. Survival rate of the High-fima group was greater (100%) than that of the Low-fima (75%) and @entity3105 -only groups (50%). Echocardiography showed preserved left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction in the High-fima group, but not in the @entity3105 -only group (P=0.002). LV dimensions increased in the @entity3105 -only group; however, remodeling was attenuated in the Low-fima and High-fima groups. Hemodynamic assessment showed higher dP/dt in the High-fima group compared with the @entity3105 -only group. A novel ARB, @entity48152 , may prevent @entity3105 -CMP and improve survival rate in a dose-dependent manner in a @entity35 model of DOX-CMP and could be a treatment option for the prevention of DOX-CMP.

title: A Novel Angiotensin Type I Receptor Antagonist, @entity48152 , Prevents @entity632 -induced Cardiotoxicity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity48152 :: ('MESH:C558933', 'Chemical') :: ['fimasartan']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physiological changes and immunological modifications occur during pregnancy. The clinical and biological features of periodontal @entity281 are affected by pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate saliva levels of @entity14951 ( @entity14282 ), @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity310 ( @entity310 ) in pregnancy, postpartum and non-pregnant controls. METHODS: Whole saliva samples together with full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained from 59 pregnant, 47 post partum and 70 systemically healthy non-pregnant @entity1 . Groups were also evaluated according to the periodontal health status. @entity14282 , @entity1421 and @entity310 levels in the saliva samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunoassays. Data were statistically tested by nonparametrical tests. RESULTS: Saliva @entity310 and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher in the pregnant group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). Saliva @entity310 and @entity14282 levels were significantly higher and @entity1421 levels were significantly lower in the control group than postpartum group (p<0.0001). In the pregnant healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity310 levels were significantly lower than postpartum and control counterparts (p<0.0001, p=0.032, p=0.003 and p=0.013; p=0.027; p=0.007, respectively). In control healthy, @entity2522 and @entity2521 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than the postpartum counterparts (p<0.0001, p<0.0001, p=0.002, respectively). In the control healthy and @entity2522 groups saliva @entity14282 levels were significantly higher than pregnant healthy and @entity2522 (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, within the limits of the present study it seems that pregnancy have an effect on parameters in saliva in relation to the periodontal status of the @entity1 . Further studies are required for better understanding of the impact of @entity2520 on pregnancy or otherwise.

title: Evaluation of the gingival inflammation in pregnancy and postpartum via @entity14951 , XXXX and @entity310 levels in saliva.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingivitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity14951 :: ('MESH:D002112', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxy-vitamin D3']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandin E2']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of prophylactic scleral buckling procedure with pars plana vitrectomy for the removal of @entity2790 ( @entity2790 ) in the prevention of postoperative @entity1713 . METHODS: In a prospective, clinical, controlled study, 28 @entity1 with @entity2790 without @entity1713 were randomly divided into two groups of 15 (group I) and 13 (group II) @entity1 . All @entity1 underwent a standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy with @entity5744 . In addition to this standard procedure, @entity1 assigned to group I had a 360 degrees encircling scleral buckle placed at the time of surgery. Group II @entity1 did not have any scleral buckling. All @entity1 were followed up for an average period of 11.8 months. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, duration of injury, nature of injury, and site, size and type of @entity2790 . RESULTS: The @entity1713 rate was found to be 6.6% in group I and 30.8% in group II (P = 0.24). Prophylactic scleral buckling reduced the risk of @entity1713 by 24% but this was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic scleral buckle placement with pars plana vitreous surgery for @entity2790 may reduce the risk of late onset @entity1713 . A larger study would seem warranted.

title: Role of prophylactic scleral buckling in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['retained intraocular foreign bodies', 'RIOFB']

entities_list: @entity5744 :: ('MESH:D005547', 'Disease') :: ['foreign body removal']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['retained intraocular foreign bodies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 of epithelial origin are rare lesions. Few epidemiologic studies on prevalence of such condition in Iranian population have been published. This study with the aim of determining the relative frequency of epithelial salivary @entity5 was performed in Yazd city from 2001 to 2012. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases diagnosed as primary @entity189 were collected from the Pathology Department of main hospitals and Health Department of Medical Science Yazd University from 2001-2012. Histopathologic type, @entity5 location, age, gender and whether @entity1 were native or non-native were analyzed. RESULTS: Eighty-one cases of primary @entity189 were recorded. Male to female ratio was 1:1.3. The most common @entity5 was @entity2347 (35.8%) and the most common effected site was the parotid gland. Mean age for @entity5 was 52.57    18.25 years. CONCLUSION: According to the findings of this study, predilection of @entity2347 was more in non-natives as compared to natives (from Yazd). This could suggest the influence of racial and environmental factors on prevalence of such @entity5 .

title: Primary XXXX in an Iranian population: A retrospective study of 81 cases.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Salivary gland tumors', 'malignancies', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant epithelial salivary gland tumor', 'malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['malignant epithelial salivary gland tumors']