abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, correlates and prospective impact of @entity4512 on physical and psychological function in a population health survey of elderly Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Four thousand @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 65 years and over, living in the community in Hong Kong took part in this study. A questionnaire to determine demographics, socio-economic status, medical history, smoking, @entity167 intake and level of physical activity was administered by an interviewer. @entity1 were asked about the presence of @entity158 in the back, neck, hip and knee in the past 12 months. They were re-interviewed after 4 years of follow-up to document physical performance measures, psychological function and occurrence of falls, @entity174 and mortality. RESULTS: Overall, back @entity158 was most prevalent (48%), followed by knee (31%), neck (22.5%) and hip (8.9%) @entity158 ; the values was nearly twice as high in @entity1 compared with @entity1 for all sites. The presence of @entity158 was not correlated with age, but was associated with various measures of socio-economic status as well as comorbidities. Baseline prevalence of @entity158 was related to physical performance and quality-of-life measures, and @entity174 incidence after 4 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity4512 is prevalent among elderly @entity1 and @entity1 , being much higher in the latter, giving rise to considerable functional and @entity73 . @entity170 and @entity571 are likely to be the main underlying causes. The condition may be considered part of the frailty syndrome, and in this context, prevention and management represent major public health challenges.

title: Prevalence and correlates of XXXX in Chinese elderly and the impact on 4-year physical function and quality of life.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['Musculoskeletal pain', 'musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychological impairments']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: Our hypothesis was to determine if insulin resistance and @entity4854 , rather than @entity28 , are predictive of mortality in the surgically critically ill. An observational study of an automated protocol in surgical and @entity130 intensive care units was performed. Two groups were created based on body mass index (BMI): Obese (OB) defined as BMI > or = 30 (n = 338) and nonobese defined as BMI < 30 (n = 885). Euglycemia was maintained using an automated protocol using an adapting multiplier, which we used as our marker of stress insulin resistance. The primary outcome was hospital mortality. One thousand, two hundred and twenty-three @entity1 met criteria with 73,225 @entity413 values. The OB group required more insulin (4.5 U/hr vs 3.2 U/hr, P < or = 0.01) and had a higher mean multiplier (0.07 vs 0.06, P < 0.01) reflecting insulin resistance. There was no difference in mortality between OB and nonobese (11.6% vs 11.5%, P = 0.96). Logistic regression showed that insulin dose (odds ratio 0.864; 95% confidence interval 0.772-0.967, P = 0.01), and not BMI, was an independent predictor of survival in this population. Obesity is not an independent risk factor for mortality in the surgical critical care population. Insulin resistance and subsequent @entity4854 are increased in @entity28 and are independent predictors of mortality.

title: @entity413 metabolism, not XXXX , predicts mortality in critically ill surgical @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: In adult @entity95 does ovulation was induced by @entity1 choriongonadotropin (hCG) 48 hours before experiments. At laparotomy the oviducts were cannulated from the ovarian and uterine ends. In vivo as well as in vitro the patency of the isthmus was studied with low viscous fluid perfusion of the ampulloisthmic region in antegrade direction. Intraluminally applied @entity1063 (NE) or @entity2647 ( @entity815 ) caused dual changes in transisthmic flow; administration of a low dose increased the flow, while high doses decreased the flow in vivo. In vitro, application of PhE only induced a dose-dependent reduction of flow. The PhE-induced reduction of flow was prevented by pretreatment with @entity5333 in vivo and in vitro, suggesting activation of an alpha-adrenoceptor mechanism. Intraluminal application of @entity4183 (T) caused a dose-dependent increase of flow, which was most prominent in vivo. Such an increase of flow was prevented by blockade of beta-adrenoceptors with @entity1169 or by selective blockade of beta 2-adrenoceptors with @entity3465 399 both in vivo and in vitro, indicating activation of a beta 2-adrenoceptor mechanism. The biochemical and hormonal changes 48 hours after ovulation imply a role for the sympathetic transmitter NE in causing a contractile state of the ampulloisthmic region ("tube locking") for retention of ova prior to nidation in the uterine cavity. The isthmus would then hypothetically act as a sympathetically innervated smooth muscle sphincter. The present results demonstrate a constrictory response of this region to high-dose stimulation of alpha-adrenoceptors in support of such a hypothesis. However, it must be noted that this region also possesses a population of beta-adrenoceptors at this time interval, which may interfere with a constrictor mechanism via circulating epinephrine.

title: Adrenoceptor modulated flow through the XXXX ampulloisthmic region studied in vivo and in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: To evaluate the utility of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens, the activity of ten established chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated against seven @entity320 and three @entity43 xenografts. Xenografts were established using primary explants from @entity1 who had not received chemotherapy and serially passaged as sc @entity5 in @entity19 . In vivo drug activities for @entity4316 , @entity3600 , @entity5713 , @entity3601 , @entity5257 , @entity900 , @entity1732 , @entity1138 , @entity632 , and @entity2879 were evaluated by 4 weekly ip injections of 10% less than LD10 doses. Plots of relative @entity5 growth versus time were nearly log-linear. Analysis of in vivo activity was performed using percent control growth (treated/control @entity5 volume) and by calculation of a novel growth delay index obtained by fitting growth curves to a quadratic regression model. Both modes of data analysis identified alkylating agents ( @entity3601 , @entity3600 , and @entity1138 ) as the most active drugs against @entity1 @entity320 . @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 showed the greatest activity against ovarian xenografts. However, complete @entity5 regressions were noted only with @entity3601 , @entity1138 , and @entity900 against a single @entity43 xenograft. Correlation analysis suggested xenograft @entity5 growth rate was an important determinant of drug response. These results suggest that preclinical, new-drug screening with @entity320 xenografts would identify drugs such as alkylating agents as active, and may not provide an advantage over @entity19 @entity1778 screens. However, screening with ovarian xenografts may more closely reflect clinical drug activity. Criteria for detecting active drugs in such systems are discussed.

title: Use of nude @entity19 xenografts as preclinical drug screens: in vivo activity of established chemotherapeutic agents against XXXX and @entity43 xenografts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5257 :: ('MESH:D000677', 'Chemical') :: ['amsacrine']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mouse', 'nude mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3601 :: ('MESH:D008558', 'Chemical') :: ['melphalan', 'Melphalan']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Levels of physical activity in @entity1643 @entity1 are relatively low due to their fear of provoking @entity158 . This may have a secondary impact on maintenance of bone mass. The objective of this study is to determine if @entity1 with @entity1643 are at a higher risk of @entity79 . DESIGN: @entity79 ( @entity79 ) was measured in 25 @entity1643 @entity1 at the lumbar spine, hip and distal forearm. SETTING: A university hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-five @entity1643 @entity1 (mean age 45 years) enrolled on a residential back @entity158 rehabilitation programme. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity1 (52%) were @entity6092 or @entity3604 in one or more sites. @entity79 at the lumbar spine was generally lower than the mean @entity79 of age-matched subjects (p = 0.04). There was no significant relationship between @entity79 and duration of @entity158 , disability, sex or previous surgical intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1643 @entity1 have an increased incidence of @entity2331 and @entity170 . This finding reinforces the importance of motivating @entity1 to incorporate exercise into daily life. Given the limited set of subjects used in the present study, further studies are required.

title: Bone density in XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3604 :: ('MESH:D058866', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'Chronic low back pain']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'bone demineralization', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity6092 :: ('MESH:C567172', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenic']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['chronic low back pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Corticosteroids are generally contraindicated in @entity6 @entity1 due to the risk of disrupting @entity413 control leading to acute decompensation. In some cases however, @entity228 therapy can be beneficial if given early with a well-controlled regimen. @entity413 disequilibrium after withdrawal can be anticipated with proper knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the glucocorticoid used. FOR @entity1 WITH TYPE I DIABETES: Ketose @entity520 is a real risk in these @entity1 . Insulin dose must be increased and the administration scheme optimized. FOR @entity1 WITH TYPE II DIABETES: Whether oral drugs should be continued is a question of debate, excepting cases where the underlying disease might cause acute decompensation requiring insulin. Outside this situation, oral drugs can be continued at a higher dose if the fasting serum @entity413 is below 2 g/L. Finally, it is important to recognized @entity134 -induced @entity6 in order to initiate proper antidiabetic measures. FOR ALL @entity1 : The @entity413 curve is reproducible. Basically, the postprandial level rises, warranting repeated insulin injections. Rapid-release analogs and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors appear to be promising; @entity37005 affect insulin resistance.

title: [Management of XXXX during corticosteroid therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity37005 :: ('MESH:D001645', 'Chemical') :: ['biguanides']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Augmentation of @entity413 transport into skeletal muscle by @entity2368 translocation to the plasma and T-tubule membranes can be mediated independently by insulin and by contraction/exercise. Available data suggest that separable pools of intracellular @entity2368 respond to these two stimuli. To identify and characterize these pools, we fractionated skeletal muscle membranes in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Fractions of 32 and 36% @entity969 exhibited the highest enrichment of @entity2368 and were independently responsive to insulin and exercise, respectively. The combination of the two stimuli depleted both @entity2368 fractions simultaneously. Both vesicle populations contained the @entity11664 aminopeptidase, whose expression had previously been shown to be specific to muscle and fat and restricted to @entity2368 vesicles in the latter tissue. In muscle, @entity11664 translocates exactly as does @entity2368 in response to insulin and exercise. The contraction- and insulin-sensitive @entity2368 pools also contained secretory component-associated membrane protein/ @entity413 transporter vesicle triplet but not @entity1365 and caveolin. Immunoadsorption of the two pools followed by @entity575 staining did not reveal any obvious difference in their major protein components. On the other hand, sedimentational analysis in sucrose velocity gradients revealed that the insulin-sensitive @entity2368 vesicles had a larger sedimentation coefficient than the exercise-sensitive vesicles. Thus, the separation of the two intracellular @entity2368 pools should be useful in dissecting what are likely to be different signal transduction pathways that mediate their translocation to the cell surface.

title: Identification and characterization of an exercise-sensitive pool of XXXX transporters in skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: @entity750 and @entity8586 ( @entity6140 ) play a role in the short-term inhibition of food intake. It is known that peripheral injection of @entity6140 increases @entity5019 -immunoreactivity (Fos-IR) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) in @entity35 , and injection of the @entity750 antagonist @entity3974 decreases the number of @entity5019 -IR cells in the NTS. This supports the idea of @entity750 contributing to the effects of @entity6140 . The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether peripherally injected @entity6140 -8S modulates the concentration of @entity750 in brain feeding-regulatory nuclei. Ad libitum fed male @entity35 received 5.2 and 8.7 nmol/kg @entity6140 -8S (n=3/group) or 0.15M NaCl (n=3-5/group) injected intraperitoneally (ip). The number of @entity5019 -IR neurons, and the fluorescence intensity of @entity750 in nerve fibers were assessed in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), @entity1019 ( @entity1019 ), NTS and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus ( @entity18296 ). @entity6140 -8S increased the number of @entity5019 -ir neurons in the NTS (mean  SEM: 72  4, and 112  5 neurons/section, respectively) compared to vehicle-treated @entity35 (7  2 neurons/section, P<0.05), but did not modulate @entity5019 expression in the @entity18296 or @entity1019 . Additionally, @entity6140 -8S dose-dependently increased the number of @entity5019 -positive neurons in the PVN (218  15 and 128  14, respectively vs. 19  5, P<0.05). In the NTS and @entity18296 we observed a decrease of @entity750 -immunoreactivity 90 min after injection of @entity6140 -8S (46  2 and 49  8 pixel/section, respectively) compared to vehicle (81  8 pixel/section, P<0.05). No changes of @entity750 -immunoreactivity were observed in the PVN and @entity1019 . Our results suggest that @entity750 is involved in the mediation of @entity6140 -8's effects in the brainstem.

title: Peripheral injected @entity8586 -8S modulates the concentration of XXXX in nerve fibers of the @entity35 brainstem.

entities_list: @entity3974 :: ('MESH:D017294', 'Chemical') :: ['ondansetron']

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1019 :: ('MESH:D012607', 'Disease') :: ['ARC', 'arcuate nucleus']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: @entity4282 ( @entity4282 ) is a serious clinical event observed in 2% of @entity542 @entity1 . Studies regarding the effects of @entity4282 volume (EHV) on prognosis are not sufficient. In this study, we applied the volume fraction approach of the stereological method to estimate the @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and investigated the relation between the @entity75 and prognosis. Fifty-nine @entity4282 @entity1 (46 male and 13 female subjects, with average age of 21 years) admitted to the emergency clinic were included. The @entity75 was estimated on the printed films of cranial computed tomography scans. For this purpose, common point counting grids were superimposed over the scan frames. According to the clinical results, @entity1 were divided into three groups as complete recovery (43), disability (8) and exitus (8). The @entity75 was compared with the clinical results. @entity75 was determined as 4.6% in the @entity1 with recovery, 8.1% in disability, and 7.6% in exitus @entity1 . The @entity75 values were lowest in recovery @entity1 , and the difference between the recovery and the other two groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity75 between disability and exitus @entity1 (p>0.05). In conclusion, the @entity75 can be an important tool to determine prognosis, and it can be measured using the volume fraction approach of stereological methods as developed in the present study.

title: Prediction of prognosis in XXXX with @entity4282 by a new stereological method.

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['Epidural hematoma', 'epidural hematoma', 'EH']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['HBVF', 'hematoma to brain volume fraction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although the annual prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2023 has been previously reported, the prevalence of @entity2023 in the United States is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity2023 in the United States. A self-administered 10-item screening questionnaire regarding nasal symptoms was sent to representative households in the United States in January 2004. A total of 8,708 members (44.3%) reported nasal symptoms on > or =7 days in the past 12 months. The majority of these responders described their symptoms as seasonal or perennial @entity566 (n = 5,944) compared with cold or flu only (n = 1,841), cold or flu and @entity25488 (n = 175), or @entity25488 only (n = 748). The prevalence of self-reported seasonal and @entity9590 on > or =7 days in the past 12 months was 30.2%, which corresponds to 89.6 million @entity1 in the United States. The prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed seasonal or @entity9590 with symptoms on > or =7 days was 22%, or approximately 65 million @entity1 nationwide. Among responders with a higher burden of nasal symptoms (> or =30 days), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2023 , @entity2023 , or nasal @entity566 was 11.9% of the total population. The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity2490 related to seasonal and perennial @entity566 in the United States ranged between 11.9 and 30.2% depending on duration of symptoms and physician diagnosis. Almost one-half of Americans experience troublesome nasal symptoms on at least 7 days throughout the year, with most attributing their symptoms to @entity566 .

title: The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity566 in the United States: findings from the burden of XXXX in an America survey.

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['hay fever', 'allergic rhinitis symptoms', 'allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity25488 :: ('MESH:D012223', 'Disease') :: ['vasomotor rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity9590 :: ('MESH:D012221', 'Disease') :: ['perennial allergic rhinitis', 'perennial allergic rhinitis symptoms']

answer: @entity2490 :: (MESH:D012220,Disease) :: ['rhinitis']


abstract: NSAIDs are reported to increase the risk of @entity548 in @entity1524 users. The mechanism underlying this risk is inhibition of @entity1423 , however a pharmacokinetic mechanism resulting in an increased International Normalised Ratio (INR) was proposed in some case reports in @entity1229 treated @entity1 . In this retrospective cohort study the influence of @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 on the INR of outpatients stabilised on @entity11271 therapy was investigated. We also determined the role of @entity5060 ( @entity5060 ) polymorphism on @entity1524 dosage and INR in NSAID users. The study was carried out at the Groningen Outpatient @entity715 Service. A retrospective cohort study among @entity1 who received both @entity11271 and one of the NSAIDs under study was performed. @entity1 whose INR rose above the upper level of the therapeutic range (INR above 3.5 or 4.0) after an NSAID under study was added to the @entity11271 therapy, were compared with @entity1 who did not show such an elevation. A two-sample t-test (average @entity11271 dosage, age), and chi-square tests (sex, therapeutic range, type of NSAID) were used to test for differences. Genotyping was carried out by analysing blood samples for the relevant @entity5060 alleles. The study population consisted of 112 @entity1 on stable @entity11271 therapy, of which 52 (46%) showed an elevation of the INR above the desired therapeutic level (INR 3.5 and 4.0 respectively) after the start of an NSAID under study. In 12 @entity1 , the INR increased above 6. The INR of the other 60 @entity1 (54%) remained constant after the start of one of the NSAIDs under study. There were no statistically significant differences between @entity1 with increased INR and @entity1 without increased INR with regard to age, sex, therapeutic range and average @entity11271 dosage. Eighty @entity1 , of whom 36 showed an increased INR as a result of a potential @entity11271 -NSAID drug interaction, were included in the genotyping study. No association between @entity5060 genotype and an increased INR as a result of the drug-drug interaction was found. In nearly half of a cohort of elderly @entity1 , the INR increased beyond the therapeutic range (INR 3.5 or 4.0) as a result of a potential pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 . The average increase in INR was between 1 and 4. Polymorphism of @entity5060 does not seem to be a relevant risk factor for the NSAID- @entity11271 interaction.

title: Potential interaction between @entity11271 and @entity3522 , @entity1623 and @entity5018 and role of XXXX genotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['coumarin']

entities_list: @entity3522 :: ('MESH:D004008', 'Chemical') :: ['diclofenac']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5060 :: (1559,Gene) :: ['CYP2C9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9608 is rare @entity5 with an incidence of approximately four cases per million per year. There are few large sample, single-center series that focus on the surgical management strategy of @entity9608 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Medical records of @entity1 diagnosed as @entity9608 from 1990 to 2010 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data were collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 328 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity9608 ; 292 of them underwent 320 operations, which included 46 laparoscopic surgeries. @entity5 enucleation was the most common operative procedure. @entity5 were found in 30 cases; 17 cases were @entity3018 . Thirteen @entity1 with @entity5 underwent @entity5 resection. @entity3472 ( @entity3472 ) was the most frequent complication, and the incidence of clinical PFs (Grades B and C) was 14.4%. There was no significant statistical difference between open and laparoscopic surgery in @entity190 , operative time, and complications. @entity5 were noted in 11 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Surgery is the best treatment of choice for @entity9608 @entity1 . Surgical approach depends on @entity5 size, location, and its pathological characters. Laparoscopic management of @entity9608 is feasible and safe for @entity5 located in the body or tail of the pancreas. Open surgery combined with intraoperative ultrasonography is recommended to avoid omission of lesions in @entity1 with @entity9608 . An aggressive surgical approach is indicated for @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Surgical management of @entity1 with XXXX : Result of 292 cases in a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3018 :: ('MESH:D009377', 'Disease') :: ['multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Insulinoma', 'insulinoma', 'multiple insulinomas', 'insulinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Metachronous tumors', 'Tumor', 'malignant insulinoma', 'malignant insulinomas', 'Multiple tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fistula', 'PF']

answer: @entity9608 :: (MESH:D007340,Disease) :: ['insulinomas']


abstract: The usefulness of end-systolic measures of ventricular function was compared with that of standard contractility indexes in conscious @entity235 . End-systolic relations between left ventricular pressure and volume and between pressure and wall thickness were analyzed in @entity235 previously instrumented with ultrasonic crystals. Progressive angiotensin infusions were used to generate computer-averaged pressure-volume and pressure-wall thickness loops. Both relations were linear in every study and highly reproducible. With low and high dose @entity452 , the end-systolic pressure-volume relations were significantly displaced, with @entity101 and inconsistent changes in intercept. This relation was more useful than the ejection fraction for detecting contractility increases at different afterloads, but it showed no advantage over maximal left ventricular dP/dt at all ranges of preload and afterload. The end-systolic pressure-volume relations were insensitive for detecting mild decreases in inotropic state produced by @entity1169 , and maximal dP/dt was superior for detecting such mild acutely reduced contractility. The end-systolic pressure-wall thickness relations showed displacement with @entity452 , although slope and intercept changes were not significant; these relations did not detect mild decreases in contractility produced by @entity1169 . It is concluded that the end-systolic pressure-volume relation and a simplified end-systolic measure using pressure and wall thickness provide sensitive, load-independent and reproducible approaches for defining acute increases in left ventricular contractility in conscious animals. Maximal dP/dt was equally effective for defining these increases in contractility and more sensitive for detecting slight acute decreases in contractility.

title: Application of end-systolic pressure-volume and pressure-wall thickness relations in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased slope']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity1990 (lipopolysaccharide), a major constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts directly or indirectly. This study sought to investigate the functions of the RANK/ @entity5271 pathway in @entity1990 -induced @entity604 in vivo. Wild-type @entity19 or @entity20081 -/- @entity19 were injected @entity1990 with or without @entity16323 ( @entity16323 ) and analyzed histologically. Bone volume was reduced by @entity1990 injection in all groups, and @entity16323 administration prevented the @entity1990 -induced @entity604 regardless of genotypes. @entity1990 -induced enhancement of osteoclastogenesis in wild-type @entity19 was blocked by @entity16323 administration. @entity1990 or @entity16323 did not affect osteoclastogenesis in @entity20081 -/- @entity19 . Interestingly, osteoblast surface was remarkably reduced in @entity1990 -treated @entity20081 -/- @entity19 as a result of enhanced osteoblast apoptosis. @entity13943 , induced by @entity637 in BMC, triggered apoptosis of primary osteoblast only when @entity20081 signal was ablated in vitro. In conclusion, RANK signaling plays a prominent role in osteoclastogenesis downstream of @entity1990 . Furthermore, @entity20081 regulates bone metabolism through not only the regulation of osteoclast differentiation but also osteoblast survival.

title: The roles of XXXX in lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity604 : dual effects of @entity20081 on bone metabolism via osteoclastogenesis and osteoblast survival.

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

answer: @entity20081 :: (21937(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['TNFR1']


abstract: @entity2661 act as neurotransmitters and hormones. Studies conducted to understand the synthesis and metabolism of these @entity1154 during stress have been the main concern of many authors. This work proposes to investigate the time course of changes in @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentration in adrenal gland obtained from @entity35 submitted to acute immobilization stress. The results of the present study indicate that acute immobilization stress during 5 and 15 min did not provoke changes in @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in adrenal gland in relation to the control group. Such results are justified due to the short time of the stress, showing that the stress did not provoke physiological alteration. The @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in adrenal gland increased significantly after the immobilization session in stressed groups during 30 and 50 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In this way, we suggested that the immobilization stress provoke increase in the biosynthesis of @entity2661 in the adrenal gland from @entity35 . However, the results shows that a maximum increase is reached at 30 min of immobilization stress and then a decrement of @entity2661 levels starts at 50 min of the experimental design. This decline in @entity2661 level may be consequence of adaptation to stress situations, an increase of the activity of the uptake systems and/or metabolization of @entity2661 . In conclusion, these results suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

title: Changes in @entity1063 and XXXX concentrations in adrenal gland of the @entity35 submitted to acute immobilization stress.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['epinephrine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Non-specific aortoarteritis ( @entity12040 ) is a panarteritis of unknown aetiology which primarily involves the vessel walls. The imaging morphology of wall abnormalities has been infrequently studied and their intravascular ultrasound appearance is not reported in the literature. METHOD: We studied this morphology by intravascular ultrasound in nine @entity1 in whom the diagnosis of @entity12040 was made by clinical and angiographic criteria. Intravascular ultrasound was performed by the transfemoral route. Images of the aorta were obtained in each @entity1 . Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed. RESULTS: All procedures were successful, without complication. Typical findings included thickening and altered echogenicity of the media, adventitia and peri-arterial tissues. The inner echogenic layer was thin. Pliability of aortic walls was lost in stenotic segments. @entity730 was seen in one @entity1 . The aortic wall thickness was 0.17-0.58 cm. Angiograms showed skip areas of aortic involvement. Intravascular ultrasound showed wall changes even in the skip areas which were normal at angiography. CONCLUSION: Intravascular ultrasound shows changes in the aortic wall morphology in non-specific aortoarteritis. Our findings suggest that this disease involves contiguous aortic segments, producing wall and luminal changes in some areas and only wall changes in intervening areas.

title: Morphological mural changes in the aorta in non-specific aortoarteritis ( XXXX ): assessment by intravascular ultrasound imaging.

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ["Takayasu's arteritis"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic calcification']

answer: @entity12040 :: (MESH:D013625,Disease) :: ['Takayasu's arteritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience of reconstructing wide defects with porously @entity702 mesh after radical resection of malignant @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review of surgical reconstruction for large chest wall resections with @entity702 mesh was conducted from January 2009 to August 2014 in Shanghai Chest Hospital. RESULTS: A total of 27 @entity1 underwent major chest wall reconstructions with @entity702 mesh, following oncological resections. Chest wall @entity242 were the most frequent (63.0%). The mean @entity5 size was 72.4 (range, 36-140) cm(2). The average size of the applied porously @entity702 mesh was 140.9 (range, 80-225) cm(2). Mean postoperative length of stay was 7.1 (range, 4-14) days. There were no perioperative mortalities. Four (14.8%) @entity1 experienced treatable complications. All had a resection of at least 3 ribs (median 3, mean 3.5 ribs). A total of 22 @entity1 underwent ribs without sternal resections, and five @entity1 underwent partial sternal resections with adjacent costal cartilage. Anterior chest wall resections were performed in 13 @entity1 while lateral chest wall resections were performed in 9 @entity1 . Three @entity1 had extended resections beyond the chest wall in @entity1 with primary chest wall @entity5 , including two with wedge resections of lung and one with partial resection of pericardium. No @entity1 was lost to follow-up. Mean follow-up was 30.7 months. Neither chest wall instability nor wound @entity281 / @entity39 was observed. Of these, 23 @entity1 (85.2%) were alive at the last follow-up. Local recurrence was detected in three cases. The 5-year disease-free and overall survivals of primary @entity5 were 72.1% and 80.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that chest wall reconstruction utilizing synthetic @entity702 meshes following extensive resections of the chest wall malignant @entity5 allowed adequate resection size, with acceptable complications and survival benefits.

title: Clinical experience with XXXX mesh in reconstruction of massive chest wall defects following oncological resection.

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'chest wall tumors', 'chest tumors', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is a @entity14 , and its clinicopathologic features remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine its characteristics. We histologically reviewed paraffin-embedded section slides made in 2001, 2006, and 2011 at a single institution in Japan. Cases histologically exhibiting a distinct fringe formation were considered to have HIS. Information was obtained from pathology request forms. We identified 85 HIS cases among 4930 @entity1 (7 cases [0.5%) in 2001, 29 [1.7%] in 2006, and 49 [2.8%] in 2011]. Gastrointestinal symptoms were observed in 7.1% of HIS cases. @entity1 intestinal spirochetosis was more frequent in the right-side large intestine than in the left side. Among 224 samples from HIS cases, conventional (tubular, tubulovillous, and villous) @entity652 were found in 148 samples. These @entity652 were more frequent in the right side than in the left side, although neither their size nor morphology differed between the sides. Histopathologic evaluation suggested a year-upon-year increasing prevalence of HIS in Japan. A small number exhibited @entity344 . Both histologic sign of HIS and conventional @entity652 were more frequent in the right-side large intestine. Therefore, a right-side preference may be a characteristic of HIS.

title: XXXX intestinal spirochetosis: right-side preference in the large intestine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal bacterial infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a gap in knowledge regarding the rates of utilization of palliative care services (PCS) and acute care services (ACS) among older @entity1 with @entity5 close to end of life. We analyzed the utilization of these services among older adults (65years and older) and compared them to those in younger adults (40-64years) with @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 567 veterans who died with @entity5 between 2002 and 2009 and utilized PCS and ACS prior to @entity204 was conducted after IRB approval. To assess PCS utilization, we studied the mean duration between day of hospice referral and time of @entity204 ( @entity2911 ) and the mean length of stay with hospice (LoS). The frequency of emergency room visits (ERVLM), hospital admissions (HALM), and ICU admissions (ICULM) in the last month of life was used as a measure for ACS. The differences among older and younger @entity1 were compared using two sample t-tests. RESULTS: Older adults had earlier referral to PCS [mean @entity2911 : 47.3 versus 34.5days, p=0.015], longer stay with hospice [mean LoS: 32.5 versus 20.2days, p=0.007], fewer hospital [HALM: 0.7 versus 0.9, p=0.043], and ICU admissions [ICULM: 0.1 versus 0.2, p=0.030] per @entity1 . The proportion of @entity1 utilizing ER visits [53.5 % versus 59.5%, p=0.173] and hospital admissions [58.6% versus 65.1%, p=0.13] in the last month of life was similar in both age groups with fewer older adults utilizing ICU care [13.2% versus 19.5%, p=0.047]. CONCLUSION: Older @entity1 with @entity5 are likely to be referred to PCS earlier than younger @entity1 and spend a longer duration with PCS prior to @entity204 . However, there continues to be significant utilization of ACS in all @entity1 with @entity5 . Better understanding of the goals of care in older adults with @entity5 and education of oncology providers regarding the need to utilize and integrate palliative care services earlier in the course of disease is imperative.

title: Utilization of palliative care and acute care services in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'advanced cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['advanced cancer']


abstract: The contribution of hepatic sympathetic innervation, glucagon and @entity1425 to the glycaemic response to exercise was investigated in @entity35 . Hepatically denervated (LDX) or sham operated (SHAM) @entity35 with permanent catheters were therefore submitted to swimming with or without infusion of @entity1943 in combination with adrenodemedullation. Blood samples were taken for measurements of blood @entity413 , plasma free @entity1718 (FFA), @entity1425 (A), @entity1063 (NA), insulin and glucagon. Liver denervation by itself did not influence @entity413 levels during exercise. Infusion of @entity1943 in SHAM animals, which inhibited the exercise-induced glucagon response, led to enhanced sympathoadrenal outflow (measured as plasma A and NA) and a reduced blood @entity413 during exercise, suggesting that glucagon serves as a powerful mediator of the glycaemic response during swimming. Infusion of @entity1943 in LDX animals failed to enhance plasma NA levels and led to a more pronounced reduction in blood @entity413 levels. This indicates that liver nerves do contribute to the glycaemic response to exercise when glucagon secretion is suppressed. Reduced blood @entity413 levels after adrenodemedullation revealed that adrenal A is another important mediator of the @entity413 response to exercise. Infusion of @entity1943 in adrenodemedullated SHAM or LDX animals was not accompanied with increased NA outflow, suggesting that adrenal A is necessary to allow the compensatory increased outflow of NA from sympathetic nerves. In conclusion, the study shows that pancreatic glucagon and adrenal A are the predominant factors influencing the glycaemic response to exercise, whereas a role of the sympathetic liver nerves becomes evident when glucagon secretion is suppressed.

title: Contribution of liver nerves, glucagon, and @entity1425 to the glycaemic response to exercise in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endoventricular circular patch plasty (Dor procedure) applies to @entity1 with a left @entity67 due to an ischemic dilated ventricle. In the present study, we analyzed left ventricular energetics in @entity1 who underwent the Dor procedure. METHODS: We measured left ventricular contractility (end-systolic elastance; Ees), afterload (effective arterial elastance; Ea), and efficiency (ventriculoarterial coupling; Ea/Ees, and the ratio of @entity64 work and pressure-volume area; SW/ @entity939 ) based on the cardiac catheterization data before and after the Dor procedure in 8 @entity1 with a postinfarction dyskinetic @entity1002 . Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting in all @entity1 , mitral valve repair in one @entity1 , and cryoablation in one @entity1 . End-systolic elastance (Ees) and Ea were approximated as follows: Ees = mean arterial pressure/minimal left ventricular volume, and Ea = maximal left ventricular pressure/(maximal left ventricular volume-minimal left ventricular volume), and thereafter Ea/Ees and SW/ @entity939 were calculated. The left ventricular volume was normalized with the body surface area. RESULTS: End-systolic elastance (Ees) increased after the Dor procedure (from 1.15 +/- 0.60 to 1.86 +/- 0.84 mm Hg x m2 x mL(-1), p < 0.01), thus resulting in an improvement in Ea/Ees and SW/ @entity939 (from 2.94 +/- 1.11 to 1.64 +/- 0.49, p < 0.01, and from 0.426 +/- 0.110 to 0.559 +/- 0.082, p < 0.01, respectively), even though Ea did not substantially change (from 2.96 +/- 0.78 to 2.74 +/- 0.55 mm Hg x m2 x mL(-1), p = 0.4). CONCLUSIONS: Left ventricular contractility and efficiency improves after the Dor procedure in @entity1 with a dyskinetic @entity1002 . However, afterload does not change. The use of appropriate afterload-reducing therapy thus plays an especially important role in the management of @entity1 who undergo the Dor procedure.

title: Ventricular energetics in endoventricular circular patch plasty for dyskinetic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['anterior left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['anterior left ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effect of late dynamization on callus stiffness and size in a @entity35 diaphyseal femoral osteotomy model. It was hypothesized that late dynamization, after bony bridging, would enhance healing. METHODS: The external unilateral fixator was dynamized by removal of the inner fixator bar at either 3 weeks (D3 group) or 4 weeks (D4 group) postoperation. After 5 weeks, the @entity35 were euthanized and healing was evaluated by biomechanical and densitometric methods. Published data of control groups, constant rigid (R group), and flexible fixation (F group) were included for comparison. RESULTS: Enhanced healing was observed in both the 3- and 4-week dynamized groups compared with the constant flexible and constant rigid fixation. Late dynamization after both 3 and 4 weeks postoperation led to a stiffer callus (percent @entity2003 relative to the intact side and elastic modulus) with a smaller callus bone volume compared with the F group. Both late dynamized groups (D3 and D4) had a similar @entity2003 and bone mineral density as that of the R group. However, the D4 group had a significantly greater elastic modulus and significantly smaller callus bone volume compared with the R group suggesting increased remodeling occurred in the D4 group indicative of more advanced healing. CONCLUSIONS: Late dynamization enhanced @entity174 healing in this animal model compared with a constant rigid or constant flexible fixation. Although results of the small animal study cannot directly be transferred to @entity1 , these results indicate that once bony bridging has occurred, dynamization may accelerate bone remodeling processes.

title: Late dynamization by reduced fixation stiffness enhances XXXX healing in a @entity35 femoral osteotomy model.

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['flexural rigidity']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: This study compares the role of M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of the nonstenotic, congenitally @entity4503 . Ten asymptomatic healthy subjects (age 20-35 years) with a systolic ejection click and short systolic murmur were evaluated. M-mode echocardiograms were entirely normal. The aortic root, diastolic closure line, eccentricity index of the aortic valve, and left ventricular size and function were normal in every subject. The two-dimensional parasternal long @entity2270 view of the aortic root was also normal in all @entity1 with bicuspid aortic valves; there were no abnormalities of systolic excursion of the aortic cusps and doming of the aortic valve was absent. Images obtained in the two-dimensional parasternal short @entity2270 view of the aortic root at the level of the aortic valve revealed only two cusps, anterior and posterior, in all @entity1 . The classic closure pattern of the normal tricuspid aortic valve forming a "Y" was absent in every subject. Instead, a horizontal closure line along the "X" @entity2270 was demonstrated in all @entity1 ; changing the angulation of the transducer in various positions did not alter this pattern. All subjects had increased reflectance of echoes along the line of diastolic closure, probably resulting from redundancy of the aortic cusp tissue. We conclude that because of the inability of the M-mode echocardiographic technique to accurately diagnose this condition in the study group, two-dimensional echocardiography should be the technique of choice in the evaluation of @entity1 with a suspected @entity4503 . Recognition of this condition is important in view of its susceptibility to subacute @entity3555 , @entity472 , and regurgitation.

title: Superiority of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenitally XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4503 :: ('MESH:C562388', 'Disease') :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3555 :: ('MESH:D004697', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial endocarditis']

answer: @entity4503 :: (MESH:C562388,Disease) :: ['bicuspid aortic valve']


abstract: A number of studies have suggested that intake of @entity1443 during pregnancy and during the first months of life is associated with an increased risk of childhood @entity565 . We aimed to determine the association between @entity1443 usage during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life, and childhood @entity566 (i.e. positive skin prick tests), @entity56 , and @entity565 , using a matched @entity1 -sibling study comparing @entity1 with @entity56 with their healthy siblings without any symptoms of @entity56 . @entity566 in @entity1 and their siblings was determined by skin prick tests. @entity1 having at least one positive skin prick test were considered to be @entity56 . Intake of @entity1443 was assessed by standardized, interviewer-administered, questionnaire. Nineteen pairs of @entity56 @entity1 vs. non- @entity56 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity56 , while 15 pairs of @entity56 @entity1 vs. @entity56 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity565 . Moreover, 33 pairs of @entity56 @entity1 vs. non-asthmatic siblings (with and without @entity566 ) were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity565 . In addition, 17 @entity56 siblings (without @entity565 ) were compared with 19 non- @entity56 siblings (without @entity565 ) to determine the risk factors for @entity566 . Usage of @entity1443 during pregnancy was associated with @entity56 (p = 0.03). Furthermore, usage of @entity1443 between birth and 6 months of age, and between 4 and 6 months of age, was also found to be associated with @entity56 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03 respectively). Usage of @entity1443 during pregnancy and during the early months of life may play a role in the development of @entity56 and @entity56 in @entity1 . However, due to obvious ethical reasons, direct evidence for this association (i.e. a double-blind, prospective study) is not available.

title: A matched XXXX -sibling study on the usage of @entity1443 and the subsequent development of @entity566 and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic asthma', 'non-allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: We obtained detailed information on the time and number of ejaculations to @entity3893 after vasectomy by ligation and excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 seeking vasectomy at 3 public clinics in Mexico City were invited to participate in this prospective noncomparative study. Vasectomy was performed using the no-scalpel technique. The vas was occluded using 2 silk sutures and the segment of vas between the ligatures was excised. @entity1 were followed biweekly up to 24 weeks after vasectomy or until @entity3893 was confirmed. Semen was examined at each visit for sperm concentration and motility. The main outcome measure was @entity3893 in uncentrifuged semen samples. RESULTS: The life table rate for time to @entity3893 was 81.5/100 @entity1 (95% CI 76.2 to 86.9) by the end of the study. Cumulative Kaplan-Meier event probability attained a maximum of 79.5/100 @entity1 (95% CI 73.7 to 85.2) at 70 ejaculations. Only 60/100 and 27.9/100 @entity1 were azoospermic by 12 weeks and 20 ejaculations, respectively. These end points are the commonly recommended waiting periods when semen analysis is unavailable. Of the 217 @entity1 36 (16.6%) did not achieve @entity3893 by 24 weeks, of whom 25 (11.5% of all @entity1 ) were considered to have vasectomy failure. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is not possible to develop guidelines for clearance based only on the time or number of ejaculations when ligation and excision are performed. In addition, of the methods for vas occlusion during vasectomy ligation and excision may not provide the best success rates.

title: A prospective study of time and number of ejaculations to XXXX after vasectomy by ligation and excision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['azoospermia']


abstract: We conducted a one-year prospective study on intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired @entity281 and antimicrobial resistance patterns in an 18-bed medical-surgical ICU of a tertiary-care university hospital. We divided the study into two six-month periods in order to evaluate the impact of antibiotic changes in empirical therapy on antimicrobial resistance profiles of the principal isolated micro-organisms. In the first period no changes were made to the previously applied empirical antibiotic protocol; at the end of this period we found high rates of @entity3256 resistance (MR) among staphylococci, 93% for @entity794 (69 isolates) and 79% for coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (48 isolates), and of multiple drug resistance for @entity796 (57 isolates), in particular 67% resistance to @entity3400 / @entity7120 (PIP/TZ). We therefore decided to substitute PIP/TZ with imipenem in @entity55 and with @entity6944 plus @entity868 in @entity298 . We also considered the previous use of @entity115 / @entity798 (AM/CL) at admission in critically ill @entity1 inadequate; we therefore advised that no antibiotics should be given unless fever developed and eventually to replace AM/CL with @entity206 / @entity207 ( @entity1597 /SMX). At the end of this intervention period, we observed a significant decrease of @entity794 MR (93 vs. 73%, P = 0.003) and of @entity796 resistance to PIP/TZ (67 vs. 29%, P < 0.001). A reduction in MR was also seen in CNS (79 vs. 64%, P = 0.09). Other resistance patterns also improved among staphylococci; in contrast @entity796 resistance to @entity2892 increased in the second period (24 vs. 41%, P = 0.06). A non-premeditated change of antibiotics in empirical therapy, on the basis of detected resistance patterns, provided promising results in reducing some antimicrobial resistance rates. We believe, however, that antibiotic changes must be tailored to local microbiological situation monitoring, and that a repeated rotation is crucial to limit the emergence of new resistance profiles. Furthermore the adoption of this policy should be accompanied by other infection control practices aimed at reducing antimicrobial resistance and @entity580 rates.

title: Impact of antibiotic changes in empirical therapy on antimicrobial resistance in intensive care unit-acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6944 :: ('MESH:C043266', 'Chemical') :: ['cefepime']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Transformation of @entity706 ( @entity706 ) into aggressive disease and relapse of de novo @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) are considered highly unfavourable events. However, most published data were acquired when rituximab was not routinely used. We retrospectively analysed 50 @entity1 with transformed @entity706 (tFL) in a multicenter study and compared them to 50 individuals with relapsed @entity1892 (rDLBCL) who all obtained rituximab for the treatment of their disease. Our goal was to identify factors that predict a more favourable prognosis. After a median follow-up of 5.4  years from diagnosis, there was no significant difference in median overall survival (OS) from the date of transformation (tFL) or date of the first relapse (rDLBCL) (1.9 versus 3.9  years, P   =   .542). Of note, 5-year OS of @entity1 with tFL was 46  %. @entity706 @entity1 , treatment na  ve prior to transformation, fared significantly better than pretreated @entity1 (median not reached versus 1.4  years, P   =   .014). Regarding rDLBCL, female gender (13.9 versus 1.8  years, P   =   .019) and absence of rituximab prior to the first relapse (14.0 versus 1.8  years, P   =   .035) were favourable prognostic factors in a uni- and multivariate analysis. Only a proportion of @entity1 received high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT), i.e. 38 and 52  % of @entity1 with tFL and rDLBCL, respectively. Our data indicate that a favourable prognosis is conferred by treatment naivety in tFL and by rituximab naivety in rDLBCL. In contrast, we did not find a prognostic impact of HDT-ASCT in our series.

title: Impact of prior treatment on outcome of transformed XXXX and relapsed de novo @entity1892 : a retrospective multicentre analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['DLBCL', 'diffuse large B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['FL', 'Follicular lymphoma', 'follicular lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['follicular lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. @entity834 leakage accounts for up to 1/3 of all fatalities after @entity5 surgery. Evidence suggests that @entity834 has a negative prognostic impact on @entity5 recurrence and long-term @entity5 specific survival. The reported leakage rate in 2011 in Denmark varied from 7 to 45 percent. The objective was to clarify if the reporting of @entity834 to the Danish @entity14 Group was rigorous and unequivocal. Methods. An Internet-based questionnaire was e-mailed to all Danish surgical departments, who reported to Danish @entity14 Group (DCCG) in 2011. There were 23 questions. Four core questions were whether pelvic collection, fecal appearance in a pelvic drain, @entity3622 , and "watchfull" waiting @entity1 were reported as @entity834 . Results. Fourteen out of 17 departments, who in 2011 according to DDCG performed @entity5 surgery, answered the questionnaire. This gave a response rate of 82%. In three of four core questions there was disagreement in what should be reported as @entity834 . Conclusion. The reporting of @entity834 to the Danish @entity14 Group was not rigorous and unequivocal. The reported @entity834 rate in Danish @entity14 Group should be interpreted with caution.

title: Leakage after Surgery for Rectum XXXX : Inconsistency in Reporting to the Danish @entity14 Group.

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic', 'anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local cancer', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The correlation between an increased body mass index and @entity5 has been a topical subject matter of literature. The thesis examines whether for @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1062 the relation between the body cross section and the muscle mass at a particular spot at the abdomen is dislocated toward @entity2086 . @entity1 , MATERIALS, AND METHODS: CT examinations of 120 @entity1 with @entity5 have been compared to CTs of 60 @entity130 surgery @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: In thickness of the layer at the lowest point of the umbilicus the area of the total body cross section and the Mm. psoas majores were determined and their quotient was calculated. Furthermore, the thickness of the M. rectus abdominis and the Mm. obliquii abdominis have been determined at the broadest spot. RESULTS: The reproducibility of the measured data has been extremely high (kappa >0.9). There has been no significant difference in any of the examined parameters between the comparison group and the total @entity1 group. DISCUSSION: According to the literature, @entity1 with @entity5 of the @entity1062 on average show a higher body-mass-index (BMI) compared to a comparable group of equivalent age. The height of the umbilicus is a body region, where for adipose @entity1 the amplitude increases markedly, hence for reference measurement appropriate. On the basis of the outcome of this thesis, the most probable explanation for the BMI rise is @entity1017 at other body parts.

title: Is XXXX associated with increased muscle mass or adiposity?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2086 :: ('MESH:C536106', 'Disease') :: ['muscle hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['germ cell cancer', 'testicular tumor', 'testicular germ cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular germ cell cancer']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the utilisation of antidiabetic agents , in terms of persistence and regimen change in the management of a cohort of newly treated @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 and to investigate associated socio-demographic and treatment factors. METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the national pharmacy claims database in Ireland. Subjects were analysed for persistence and regimen change. @entity797 proportional-hazards regression examined associations of socio-demographic and treatment factors on treatment patterns. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs are presented. RESULTS: 20947 subjects were identified in the study over a 2 year period. Most were initiated on @entity2449 (76%) or sulphonylureas (22%) and 77% were persistent with therapy 12 months after initiation. The likelihood of non-persistence was significantly lower in the youngest (40-49) age groups (ref 60-69) (HR 1.62 [CI 1.42-1.84]) and those on sulphonylureas (HR 1.49 [1.36-1.64]). The likelihood of receiving a regimen change was significantly lower in the older (80+) age groups (HR 0.63 [0.56-0.71]), females (HR 0.91 [0.86-0.95], and those with pre-existing CVD (1 vs 0 CVD medicines) (HR 0.82 [0.74-0.90]), and higher in those on sulphonylureas (HR 1.83 [1.73-1.94]) CONCLUSIONS: Type of treatment, pre-existing CVD and demographic factors are shown to be associated with the observed treatment patterns. Guideline recommended agents were widely used on treatment initiation though a substantial minority were not initiated on the recommended first line agent. Use of guideline recommended agents was not as evident during treatment progression. Further optimisation of initial and subsequent antidiabetic agent prescribing may be possible.

title: Initial therapy, persistence and regimen change in a cohort of newly treated XXXX 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 595-nm pulsed dye laser has been used for the treatment of benign epidermal @entity66 (EPLs), but there is a risk of inducing undesirable purpura with treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare a 607-nm laser with a commercially-available 595-nm laser for the treatment of EPLs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to characterize laser interaction with skin. Ten @entity1 with EPLs were treated with a 607-nm study prototype laser and the 595-nm pulsed dye laser twice at 2- to 4-week intervals on the left or right side on a randomized basis. Study endpoints included clearance rate of lesions, side effects immediately after treatment and at final follow-up, and @entity1 discomfort/ @entity158 . RESULTS: Monte-Carlo simulations show that the 607-nm is absorbed more specifically by melanin than the 595-nm wavelength. Both lasers were effective in treatment of EPLs. The average degree of improvement overall was 41.2% with the 607-nm laser and 40% with the 595-nm laser. @entity1 reported less discomfort/ @entity158 during treatment with the 607-nm laser. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the 607-nm laser is safe and at least as effective as the 595-nm laser in treatment of EPLs. There was less @entity1 discomfort/ @entity158 during treatment using the 607-nm laser.

title: Pulsed dye laser treatment of XXXX : a randomized clinical pilot study comparison of 607- and 595-nm wavelength lasers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented lesions']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['pigmented lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to identify the determinants of protective behavior in relation to @entity645 transmission. Since the risk of transmission is higher among those who have extramarital intercourse, the study sample constituted of such @entity1 . METHODS: We started this study in 2010 and finished it in 2011. @entity1 were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. High-risk @entity1 included sex workers and those who presented at drop-in centers. Interviewees were 18 @entity1 and @entity1 in the low-risk group and 12 @entity1 and @entity1 in the high-risk group. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using the thematic framework method. RESULTS: In both groups, protective behavior was influenced by willingness to protect, intention or decision to protect, and personal, social, and environmental barriers and facilitators. In terms of willingness, behavior was influenced to preserve sexual pleasure by avoiding condoms. In terms of barriers and facilitators, trust in partner, misperceptions, condom inaccessibility, unplanned sex, fear of contracting the disease, partner's wish, ethical commitments were mentioned by both groups, stigma of condom possession by the low-risk group, and partner's force was mentioned by the high-risk group. CONCLUSION: Educational programs need to focus on changing the concept that "condoms reduce sexual pleasure". In addition, interventional programs to strengthen factors such as self-efficacy, ethical commitments, faithfulness, and correct beliefs such as undue trust in partner, misconception of being safe, unplanned sex, and the stigma of possessing condoms can be very effective in changing high-risk sexual behavior.

title: Barrier and Facilitators of XXXX Related Risky Sexual Behavior.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: Spontaneous prematurity is more frequent in multiple than singleton pregnancies. It is estimated that 72% of the @entity2099 delivered before 33 weeks are spontaneous births, compared with 58% among singletons ( @entity11917 ). As in singleton pregnancies, uterine contractions, close together, often precede @entity3152 by several days ( @entity11916 ). The benefits of home tocodynamometry for @entity1 who have already been hospitalized for @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ) ( @entity7134 ) is difficult to assess from the data currently available, but it has not been shown to provide any benefits in a population of asymptomatic twin pregnancies ( @entity11915 ). Cervical ultrasound appears to have good predictive value for @entity3152 when performed for @entity3152 ( @entity11917 ), although again few data are available. The efficacy of tocolysis appears similar to that for singleton pregnancies ( @entity11917 ). Although the lack of data prevents us from judging the efficacy of tocolytics such as @entity460 channel blockers or @entity398 antagonists, it seems logical to use them as first-line drugs, especially because of the increased risk of @entity3126 in @entity2099 with Bmimetics ( @entity11917 ). Antenatal corticosteroid therapy appears to be less beneficial in multiple than singleton pregnancies ( @entity11917 ). Pharmacological studies suggest that the dose currently used may be insufficient for @entity2099 ( @entity11917 ). While awaiting results from clinical studies comparing the efficacy of higher doses, we must for now recommend antenatal corticosteroid therapy only at the usual doses. While the rate of in utero transfers to level III facilities is nearly 85% in the case of severe @entity3152 ( @entity7134 ), this practice must be encouraged still more in view of the benefits of inborn status compared with postnatal transfer. Finally, delayed-interval delivery is a relatively rare obstetrical practice that should be considered on a case-by-case basis when the first fetus is born before 26 weeks. This approach requires tocolysis and antibiotic therapy. The usefulness of cerclage in this situation has yet to be demonstrated. A delayed-interval delivery can prolong the pregnancy by an average of 15 to 30 days ( @entity7134 ).

title: [Special management for XXXX in @entity2099 ].

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['TPD', 'preterm delivery', 'threatened preterm delivery']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancies']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['threatened preterm delivery']


abstract: The fenestrated microvasculature of the area postrema shows a less restrictive blood-brain barrier than is found in other areas of the CNS. We have studied the expression and relationship of vascular endothelial tight junctional proteins, astrocytes, macrophages, and the extracellular matrix with the extravasation of fluorescently tagged dextrans and @entity941 in the @entity35 area postrema. @entity40 ( @entity40 ) -positive astrocytes were present within the area postrema which was surrounded by a dense zone of highly @entity40 -reactive astrocytes. Expression of the tight junction proteins @entity22677 , -12 and @entity659 was absent, although diffuse cytoplasmic @entity32243 immunoreactivity was present. The extracellular matrix of the endothelium showed two non-fused thickened layers of laminin immunoreactivity. @entity40679 and CD169 immunoreactive perivascular macrophages were located within lacunae between these two laminin layers. Fluorescently tagged dextrans (10-70 kDa) passed from the vasculature but were retained between the inner and outer laminin walls and rapidly sequestered by the perivascular @entity40679 and CD169 macrophages. Three-kilodalton dextran diffused into the parenchyma, but was retained within the boundary of the area postrema at the interface with the highly reactive @entity40 -astrocytes, while @entity941 (0.3 kDa) passed from the area postrema into surrounding CNS areas. Our observations suggest that despite the absence of a tight blood-brain barrier, a size selective barrier restricting the movement of blood solutes into the parenchyma is present in the area postrema. We suggest that the rapid uptake by @entity40679 and CD169 macrophages together with the non-fused laminin immunoreactive layers of the extracellular matrix plays a size selective role in restricting movement of serum proteins and other blood borne macromolecules over 10 kDa in to the area postrema.

title: A size selective vascular barrier in the XXXX area postrema formed by perivascular macrophages and the extracellular matrix.

entities_list: @entity40 :: ('24387(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluorescein']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between @entity3986 in the @entity1577 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-six @entity1 with CDHP were retrospectively included over 14  years. Two radiologists searched for MDCT signs of CDHP (cysts and thickened intestinal wall, inflammatory changes), and @entity854 (Santorini duct dilatation, luminal @entity730 of the @entity1829 ). Other @entity660 (parenchymal @entity730 , main @entity384 ) or bile duct dilatation were also analysed. RESULTS: CDHP was mostly located in the second part of the duodenum (71/76, 93.5  %). Median duodenal wall thickness was 20  mm (range 10-46). There were @entity45 in 86  % (65/76, median   =   3), measuring 2-60  mm. No cysts were identified in four @entity1 (5  %). Inflammatory changes were found in 87  % (66/76). @entity854 were found in 37  % (28/76) and @entity730 without @entity730 in the major papilla were only observed in three @entity1 (4  %). @entity788 and main bile duct dilatation were identified in 78  % (59/76) and 38  % (29/76). CONCLUSION: Previously described CT features were seen in most @entity1 with CDHP. However, @entity854 were seen in a minority of @entity1 and, therefore, do not seem to be a predisposing factor for CDHP. KEY POINTS:     Imaging features suggesting a CDHP diagnosis are confirmed in a large series.     @entity854 do not seem to be a predisposing factor for CDHP.     Most @entity1 did not have any isolated @entity854 .

title: Cystic form of @entity788 ( @entity3986 in @entity788 (CDHP)): a potential link with XXXX ? A study in a large series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormalities of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic duct dilatation']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications in the minor papilla', 'calcifications']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Minor papilla abnormalities', 'minor papilla abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['minor papilla']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['multiple cysts']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['heterotopic pancreas (CDHP) and minor papilla abnormalities']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['minor papilla abnormalities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 ( @entity299 ) @entity1 may have a reduced functional capacity (FC). Field tests, as the Incremental Shuttle Walk Test (ISWT), can estimate peak @entity26 uptake (VO2 peak). However, the relationship between the ISWT and the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET), the gold standard in the assessment of FC, is not well established in @entity299 @entity1 . AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the FC of @entity299 @entity1 by ISWT with direct measurement of VO2 peak and to compare these findings with data obtained from CPET. A secondary goal was to derive a regression equation to calculate the VO2 peak by ISWT. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and correlative study. SETTING: Research laboratory setting. POPULATION: Thirty-two @entity299 @entity1 (58.8  9.0 years, 81.3% @entity1 ) participated in this study. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 underwent clinical evaluation, echocardiography, CPET by ramp protocol and ISWT according to current guidelines. RESULTS: The distance walked in ISWT showed a positive correlation with VO2 peak from CPET and ISWT (r=0.456, p=0.009 and r=0.869, p<0.001, respectively). In the agreement analysis, the values of the differences between VO2 peak from CPET and ISWT showed absence of bias (mean bias    95% CI and mean -1.29    5.09mL.kg.min). Based in real values of VO2 obtained from ISWT, one equation including sex, functional class and distance walked was provided to predict the VO2 values in this test. CONCLUSION: This study showed the good correlation between distance walked in ISWT and VO2 peak directly measured in both tests, and additionally, provided an equation to calculate a predictive VO2 peak by ISWT, suggesting a good alternative to evaluate the FC of @entity299 @entity1 , especially in locations where sophisticated testing is not available. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: The results confirm the possibility of using the ISWT for the evaluation of the FC in @entity1 with @entity299 , especially in locations where sophisticated testing is not available.

title: Peak XXXX uptake during the incremental shuttle walk test in a predominantly female population with @entity299 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'Chagas heart disease']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 8528 Background: Improved diagnosis and @entity5 has increased the overall survival rate. This study assesses @entity73 , functional limitations, health status and behaviors; and vocational and occupational histories of adult survivors of pediatric @entity242 . METHODS: Physical impairment assessment: Joint range of motion (ROM); manual muscle testing (MMT); hand grip strength (HGS). Functional limitations: Assessment of motor and process skills (AMPS); 6-minute walk (6MWT); and @entity1 activity performance (HAP) questionnaire. Health status and behaviors: Leisure satisfaction measure (LSM); SF-36; sickness impact profile (SIP). Vocational and occupational histories: The Goldberg Scale (GS). STATISTICS: Standardized measures compared @entity1 with norms. The results were evaluated by Wilcoxon signed rank two-sided p-values, unadjusted for multiple comparisons. RESULTS: 32 survivors were diagnosed at median age 15.4 years (male:female=17:15, @entity2828 in 24/32). ROM of 22 subjects tested was >40% reduced in 12/13 with lower extremity (LE) lesions. HGS equaled matched norms. 28 /32 performed the 6MWT. 3/4 non-ambulatory subjects were LE amputees. Velocity in 9 was <90% predicted. HAP maximum score/maximum adjusted scores were lower than matched norms (p=0.015 and p=0.043 respectively). Motor and process scores for performance of routine daily tasks were lower than normal matched controls (p<0.0001). SF36 physical competency subscale trended lower (p=0.065), mental competency scores trended higher (p=0.058) than normal, respectively. Overall LSM was higher than the control group (p<0.001). Preliminary GS evaluation suggests higher work satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Survivors of childhood @entity242 have residual impairment of strength and motion, more likely of the lower extremity. Performance(mobility and daily routines), was reduced. Leisure satisfaction and self-reported mental competency higher than matched normal subjects, despite significant physical limitations, may reflect an augmented sense of well-being. Vocational drive and occupational behaviors were above average compared to @entity1 with disabilities. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Rehabilitation assessments of pediatric XXXX survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['comprehensive treatment of childhood cancers']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['physical impairments']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity71 ( @entity71 ) is one of the most common childhood disorders and frequently seen in other conditions like @entity302 as well. The prevalence of @entity71 in the general paediatric population is estimated at 3-6% persisting into adulthood in up to one third of @entity1 affected. The prevalence of @entity71 in @entity302 is understood to be significantly higher. Approximately one third of @entity1 with @entity302 do also have a diagnosis of @entity71 . How these attention problems develop over the years is however not clear. We therefore evaluated the severity of attention problems in @entity1 with @entity302 at late childhood and assessed it again in adolescence. Data was being compared with attention problems of @entity1 with developmental @entity71 . METHOD: 16 @entity1 with diagnosed combined @entity3762 / @entity71 and 14 @entity1 with developmental @entity71 were investigated twice; at a mean age of 10.94 (SD  =  1.63) and then again at a mean age of 15.82 (SD  =  2.0). At the baseline examination all @entity1 completed Raven's Progressive Matrices to assess intelligence. To measure symptom severity of @entity71 , parents were asked to complete the short version of the Conner's Rating Scale for Parents at both times. Parents of @entity1 with combined @entity302 / @entity71 furthermore gave information about @entity410 frequency and intake of anticonvulsants. RESULTS: @entity1 groups did not significantly differ in age and IQ. Results of the baseline examination revealed elevated scores in both @entity1 groups for the Conner's Rating Scales; @entity71 group: M  =  16.86 (SD  =  5.35); @entity302 / @entity71 group: M  =  14.77 (SD  =  4.76) but no differences between the groups (p  =  .29; z  =  .39). Qualitatively, @entity1 with developmental @entity71 showed @entity854 in the area of @entity2915 / @entity23 while @entity1 with @entity302 / @entity71 had more problems with inattention. Results of the follow-up examination showed a significant @entity304 in the @entity71 group of minus 4.23 points; M  =  12.63 (SD  =  3.89) (p  =  .02); The reduction in the @entity302 / @entity71 group was even bigger with minus 6.77 points; M  =  8.00 (SD  =  6.46) (p  =  .03). However, difference between the two groups reached no significance (p  =  .079; z  =  1.19). None of the @entity1 with @entity302 has had @entity410 in the meantime. CONCLUSION: We found a significant reduction of @entity71 symptoms in our @entity1 from the time of late childhood to adolescence. That symptoms of @entity71 , especially @entity2915 , lessen with age is known from the literature (Biedermann et  al., 2010). We found the same data for @entity1 with @entity3762 and @entity71 . Over the same period of time problems of attention improved substantially. We conclude that development and brain maturation may have a similar positive effect on attention problems in @entity1 with @entity302 than in developmental @entity71 .

title: Attention problems in @entity1 with XXXX . How is the long-term outcome?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'boys', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of symptoms']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['more abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3762 :: ('MESH:C562694', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: Urinary @entity2922 and @entity701 excretion was studied in a group of three-year-olds, their mothers and fathers during night rest, one day at home and one day at hospital. The stay in the hospital, which was part of a longitudinal study of the families, induced a pronounced rise in adrenaline excretion and a moderate increase in @entity1063 excretion in relation to the at-home level. Although the @entity2922 excretion in relation to body weight was much higher in the @entity1 , the magnitude of the increase at the hospital was about the same in all the family members. The adrenaline excretion was also affected by the diverse conditions at the hospital and showed, for example, a marked decrease during lunch hour. The @entity701 excretion at the hospital tended to be elevated only in fathers. On the average, mothers excreted about the same amount of @entity1425 as the fathers at the hospital, but significantly more @entity1063 . In earlier studies males have shown a greater adrenaline output than females during achievement-demanding situations. The findings of this study were interpreted within the context of the specific challenge that the situation represented to the mothers. The mothers also excreted more @entity1063 in the at-home condition. @entity2922 and @entity701 excretion levels within family members tended to be positively correlated, but the correlations were generally low.

title: XXXX and @entity701 excretion patterns in three-year-old @entity1 and their parents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine', 'Catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2922 :: (CHEBI:33567,Chemical) :: ['Catecholamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate re-innervation in the neovaginal mucosa of @entity1 underwent sigmoid colon vaginoplasty in treatment of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kistner-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS). METHODS: Biopsies in the upper third of the posterior neovagina were taken in 20 @entity1 treated by sigmoid colon vaginoplasty at 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery, respectively. @entity5855 ( @entity5855 ), vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity3549 ) and @entity7766 ( @entity7766 ) were detected by immunohistochemical method and compared with those in intact sigmoid colon mucosa. RESULTS: (1) Density of nerve fiber: abundant distribution of @entity5855 nerve fibers were observed in the mucosal @entity121 , submucosa, and smooth @entity121 of the neovagina. The nerve fibers of @entity3549 and @entity7766 immunoreactivity were mainly distributed around blood vessels and in the smooth muscles. In the neovagina, the density of nerve fibers of @entity5855 of 17    6 were much more than @entity3549 of 2.9    1.0 and @entity7766 of 2.5    0.8 significantly (P < 0.05). (2) Expression of @entity5855 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, @entity5855 positive expression of 14    4 was significantly lower in the neovagina than 28    7 in the intact sigmoid colon (P < 0.05). However, after 2 to 3 years, its expression displayed an upgrade tendency in the neovagina and was significantly higher at the 3 year postoperatively than that at the 1 years postoperatively (22    7 vs. 14    4, P < 0.05). The changes were much more obvious in submucosa. (3) The expression of @entity3549 and @entity7766 in neovagina: at 1 year after surgery, @entity3549 and @entity7766 positive nerve fibers were also decreased in the neovagina when compared with those in the intact sigmoid colon (2.3    0.7 vs. 5.3    1.4, P < 0.05; 2.5    1.1 vs. 5.5    1.1, P < 0.05). At 2 to 3 years after surgery, the positive @entity3549 fiber showed initially decreased and subsequently increased tendency. The density of @entity3549 of 3.7    0.7 in the neovagina at 3 years postoperatively was higher than 2.3    0.7 at 1 years postoperatively (P < 0.05). No significant up-regulation was observed in @entity7766 -positive expression in the neovagina within 3 years after operation. CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of sensory @entity5855 , @entity3549 and @entity7766 immunoreactive nerve fibers was similar to the pattern observed within the intact sigmoid colon wall. The number of nerve fibers in the neovagina decreased after surgery and then increased subsequently within 3 years after surgery.

title: [Expression of @entity5855 , vasoactive intestinal peptide and XXXX in the mucosa of the neovagina after sigmoid colon vaginoplasty].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle layer']

answer: @entity7766 :: (4852,Gene) :: ['neuropeptide Y']


abstract: Structural and functional changes occur in the kidney with aging. Previous studies have suggested that loss of @entity842 production contributes to these changes. The authors therefore explored regulation of renal cortical @entity26 consumption, a @entity842 mediated effect, in tissue from Fischer 344 @entity35 at different ages (4, 13, and 23 mo) to characterize changes in renal @entity842 production with age. @entity1812 , enalaprilat, and @entity3591 significantly suppressed cortical @entity26 consumption in 4-mo-old @entity35 ( @entity1812 : -2.5 +/- 0.9% to -21 +/- 1.5%; enalaprilat: -0.7 +/- 0.5% to -26 +/- 1.2%; @entity3591 : -1.3 +/- 0.9% to -18 +/- 1.2%; P < 0.05). Similar results were obtained in 13-mo-old animals. However, in 23-mo-old animals, the responses to @entity1812 and enalaprilat were attenuated ( @entity1812 : 0 +/- 0% to -13 +/- 0.9%; enalaprilat: -0.3 +/- 0.3% to -17 +/- 2.1%; P < 0.05), whereas the response to an NO donor was unaffected, suggesting decreased bioavailability of NO. Addition of the @entity224 radical scavenger @entity11933 restored the ability of @entity1812 , enalaprilat, and @entity3591 to suppress @entity26 consumption in tissue from 23-mo-old animals to levels seen in younger animals, suggesting NO destruction by @entity224 as the reason for decreased NO availability. @entity12824 , an inhibitor of @entity1110 oxidase, similarly restored the ability of all three drugs to suppress @entity26 consumption, suggesting @entity1110 oxidase as the enzyme responsible for enhanced @entity224 production in aging. Levels of eNOS protein, assessed by immunoblotting, did not change significantly with age. These results suggest that NO availability is decreased in the aging kidney and that this is due to scavenging of NO by @entity224 produced by @entity1110 oxidase. Oxidant stress, by depleting NO, may contribute to the structural and hemodynamic changes characteristic of the aging kidney.

title: Oxidant stress leads to impaired regulation of renal cortical @entity26 consumption by XXXX in the aging kidney.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3591 :: ('MESH:D017311', 'Chemical') :: ['amlodipine']

entities_list: @entity1812 :: ('MESH:D001920', 'Chemical') :: ['bradykinin', 'Bradykinin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several therapeutic methods have been traditionally used in the treatment of displaced @entity6342 ; however, the indication of these treatments is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare the medium-term functional results of four methods commonly used in the treatment of @entity6342 [conservative treatment, proximal humeral nails (PHN), @entity14423 ( @entity14423 ), and locking-plates (LP)] taking into consideration the type of @entity174 and the age of the @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on @entity1 with @entity6342 treated with one of the following methods: conservative treatment, PHN, @entity14423 , or LP. Functional results were assessed using the absolute Constant score and the disabilities of the arm shoulder and hand score (DASH). The functional outcome was analysed according to age (>= 65 years and <65 years) and @entity174 type (displaced 2-fragment and 3-4-fragment @entity174 ). RESULTS: A total of 113 @entity1 were included in the study, with a mean age of 65.3 SD 15.2 years and average follow-up time of 26.2 SD 12.6 months. @entity1 under 65 years had higher Constant scores when treated with PHN and @entity14423 than those treated conservatively (77.2 vs. 54.7, p=0.01 and 74.0 vs. 54.7, p=0.03, respectively). @entity1 above 65 years had higher Constant scores when treated with @entity14423 compared to PHN and conservative treatment (68.7 vs. 51.9, p=0.02 and 68.7 vs. 55.9, p=0.029, respectively). In 2-fragment @entity174 , @entity14423 resulted in higher Constant scores than conservative treatment (70.4 vs. 53.9, p=0.048). No differences were found in the final outcome between @entity1 treated with LP and those treated conservatively regardless of age, and @entity174 type. There were also no differences between any of the evaluated methods in the treatment of 3-4-fragment @entity174 . CONCLUSION: The use of @entity14423 was associated with better functional results than conservative treatment in individuals of all ages, especially in @entity1 with 2-fragment @entity174 ; @entity14423 also achieved better functional results than PHN in elderly @entity1 . PHN was superior to conservative treatment in young individuals. No significant differences were found between LP and conservative treatment in any of the analysed categories.

title: Displaced XXXX : When is surgery necessary?

entities_list: @entity6342 :: ('MESH:D012784', 'Disease') :: ['proximal humeral fractures']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity14423 :: ('MESH:D014813', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous K-wiring', 'PKW']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity6342 :: (MESH:D012784,Disease) :: ['proximal humeral fractures']