abstract: This study was undertaken to analyse the distribution pattern of blood elements deposits in 15 cases of vascular prostheses submitted, ex vivo, to reduced blood flow in a @entity235 model. Autologous blood platelets labeled with @entity4343 -111 and @entity1 125 Iodinated fibrinogen were injected into the animals. Ten minutes later, the blood flow in the aorta was reduced to 50 ml/min and the prostheses (Woven DeBakey, 30 cm long and 6 mm internal diameter), were implanted as substitutes for the infrarenal abdominal aorta. The blood flow was then reestablished to 50 ml/min and controlled throughout the entire experiment. When a @entity715 occurred, or after 4 hours of @entity551 , the prosthesis was collected, weighted and chemically fixed, and the radioactivity was measured by means of a two-channel gamma scintillation counter. These data were then formatted and processed by a special computer program. Final values were processed for graphical representation and analysed statistically. Results show a lack of correlation between weight of @entity715 , and fibrin deposits retained from one animal to the other. There is, though, an appearance of a complex interrelationship between the mean pattern of longitudinal distribution of these elements, which shall be qualified as contagious distal accumulation of the deposits. The influence of each animals' blood characteristics, as evaluated by means of regression analysis, account for 40 to 60% of the interindividual variance in blood deposits. Data corrections following evidence of undesirable influences due to uncontrolled parameters are presented. This experimental method permits simultaneous graphical representation of the distribution of several elements in the thrombotic matrix, and at the same time an elaborate numerical analysis of their longitudinal distribution and total accumulation. The method is easy to use, does not require sophisticated equipment, and is less expensive than scintigraphy.

title: The statistical analysis of distribution of blood deposits in arterial prostheses after short-term exposure to reduced blood flow in XXXX : a computerized study using radioisotopes.

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic matrix, platelet accumulation', 'thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['low blood circulation']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity632 ( @entity632 ), one of the most active cytotoxic antineoplastic agents, can cause @entity712 . This side effect is dose-dependent, the frequency of @entity712 being 3% at a cumulative @entity632 dose of 400 mg/m2 and 18% at 700 mg/m2. It is assumed that @entity632 , or other @entity4349 derivatives, are still active when the @entity1370 level is reached. In this retrospective study of 171 @entity1 with various metastatic @entity5 , the total dose of @entity632 given to the @entity1 and the reasons for withholding the treatment have been analyzed. Overall, among the 171 @entity1 treated by @entity632 -containing combination chemotherapy, 54 objective remissions (31%) were observed. Remissions were more frequent in untreated @entity1 (52%) than in previously treated @entity1 (20%). In 36 of 54 @entity1 the disease progressed before the cumulative @entity1370 level was reached. @entity632 could be discontinued in only 18 @entity1 still in remission. 8 of 171 @entity1 received more than 450 mg/m2 @entity632 without @entity1370 side effects being observed. Among the 171 @entity1 , @entity1370 probably related to @entity8253 developed in 5 cases (3%), in all cases at a level below 450 mg/m2. These results suggest that in most cases @entity632 becomes inactive before the dose-limiting cumulative @entity1370 level is reached.

title: [Is the use of @entity632 ( XXXX ) limited by its @entity1370 ?].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin', 'doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity4349 :: ('CHEBI:48120', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic', 'cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate preoperative clinical assessment of @entity4134 can optimize outcomes by ensuring appropriate and timely surgery. This article addresses whether a new technology, ovarian HistoScanning, has an additional diagnostic value in mathematical models developed for the differential diagnosis of @entity4134 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Transvaginal sonography-based morphological variables were obtained through blinded analysis of archived images in 199 @entity1 enrolled in a prospective study to assess the performance of ovarian HistoScanning. Logistic regression (LR) and @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) models including these variables and clinical and @entity1 data along with the HistoScanning score (HSS) (range, 0-125; based on mathematical algorithms) were developed in a learning set (60% @entity1 ). The remaining 40% @entity1 (evaluation set) were used to assess model performance. RESULTS: Of all morphological and clinical variables tested, serum @entity10224 , presence of a solid component, and HSS were most significant and used to develop the LR model. The @entity1274 model included all variables. The novel variable, HSS, offered significant improvement in the LR and @entity1274 models' performance. The LR and @entity1274 models in an independent evaluation set were found to have area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 94-99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 88-98), sensitivities = 83% (95% CI, 71%-91%) and 80% (95% CI, 67%-89%), and specificities = 98% (95% CI, 89%-99%) and 86% (95% CI, 72%-95%), respectively. In addition, these models showed an improved performance when compared with 3 other existing models (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This initial report shows a clear benefit of including ovarian HistoScanning into mathematical models used for discriminating benign from malignant ovarian masses. These models may be specifically helpful to the less experienced examiner. Future research should assess performance of these models in prospective clinical trials in different populations.

title: Mathematical models to discriminate between benign and malignant XXXX : potential diagnostic improvement using ovarian HistoScanning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['neural network', 'NN']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal masses']

answer: @entity4134 :: (MESH:D000292,Disease) :: ['adnexal masses']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3346 and @entity9021 are @entity37546 antidepressants. Currently, there are no adequate, well-controlled studies on the fetal safety of these drugs. Our primary objective was to determine whether the use of @entity3346 or @entity9021 during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk for major @entity600 . Secondary outcomes of interest included rates of spontaneous and therapeutic @entity5852 , rates of @entity3465 , and birth weight. METHODS: Pregnant @entity1 from 5 centres who had been exposed to these drugs (n = 147) were enrolled in the study during their first trimester. We compared the @entity1 with 2 groups of @entity1 who took either other antidepressant drugs (n = 147) or nonteratogenic drugs (n = 147). All the @entity1 were followed up after delivery to ascertain pregnancy outcome and the health of the baby. RESULTS: We have completed 147 follow-ups. There were 121 (82.4%) live births, 20 (13.6%) spontaneous @entity5852 , and 6 (4%) therapeutic @entity5852 . Of the live births, there were 2 (1.6%) major @entity600 . In all cases, drug exposure occurred during the first trimester, with 52 (35%) of the @entity1 using these drugs throughout pregnancy. The mean gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (SD 4.2), and the mean birth weight was 3306.34 g (SD 655). We found no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups in any of the endpoints of interest that we examined. Of the sample, 58 @entity1 were exposed to @entity3346 , and 89 were exposed to @entity9021 . CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that these drugs do not increase the rates of major @entity600 above the baseline rate of 1% to 3%.

title: A multicentre prospective controlled study to determine the safety of XXXX and @entity9021 use during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['Trazodone', 'trazodone']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['abortions']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['premature labour']

entities_list: @entity9021 :: ('MESH:C051752', 'Chemical') :: ['nefazodone']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity37546 :: ('MESH:C031503', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpiperazine']

answer: @entity3346 :: (MESH:D014196,Chemical) :: ['trazodone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Articular @entity16 after joint @entity130 seldom heals and often leads to @entity571 . We previously identified a migratory chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) population that responds chemotactically to cell death and rapidly repopulates the injured cartilage matrix, which suggests a potential approach for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine whether recombinant @entity1 stromal cell-derived factor 1a (rhSDF-1a), a potent CPC chemoattractant, would improve the quality of cartilage regeneration, hypothesizing that increased recruitment of CPCs by rhSDF-1a would promote the formation of cartilage matrix upon chondrogenic induction. METHODS: Full-thickness @entity291 @entity154 were filled with hydrogel, composed of fibrin and hyaluronic acid and containing rhSDF-1a. Cell migration was monitored, followed by chondrogenic induction. Regenerated tissue was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Push-out tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to assess the strength of tissue integration and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage. RESULTS: Use of rhSDF-1a dramatically improved CPC recruitment to the @entity154 at 12 days. After 6 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, cell morphology, proteoglycan density, and the ultrastructure of the repair tissue were all similar to that found in native cartilage. Compared with empty controls, neocartilage generated in rhSDF-1a-containing defects showed significantly greater interfacial strength, and acquired mechanical properties comparable to those of native cartilage. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stimulating local CPC recruitment prior to treatment with chondrogenic factors significantly improves the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue formed in @entity154 . This simple approach may be implemented in vivo as a one-step procedure by staging the release of chemokine and chondrogenic factors from within the hydrogel, which can be achieved using smart drug-delivery systems.

title: Use of recombinant XXXX stromal cell-derived factor 1a-loaded fibrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel networks to achieve functional repair of full-thickness @entity291 articular cartilage via homing of chondrogenic progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['chondral defects']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cartilage damage']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although osteotropic growth factors are known to play an important role in bone metabolism, knowledge about their expression in relation to age, sex and smoking remains limited. In this study we report mRNA levels of the recently discovered Lim mineralization protein splice variants ( @entity25062 , @entity10553 , @entity25062 ) and the established osteotropic growth factors @entity1841 , @entity11673 , @entity12017 , @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 and @entity540 in @entity1 iliac crest bone. Standardized bone biopsy specimens were obtained from the iliac crest during graft harvesting in 62 @entity1 (38 males, 24 females, mean age 44.7 years, range 13-78 years) undergoing spinal surgery. Samples were immediately stored in liquid @entity1568 for PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed for @entity2533 , @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity1841 , @entity11673 , @entity12017 , @entity540 , @entity25062 , @entity10553 and @entity25062 using @entity217 as internal standard. Triplicate measurements were made of each growth factor and @entity217 . mRNA for all examined growth factors was detected in 69% of the specimens. The lowest degree of detection was present for @entity540 and @entity1841 , both of which were found in 85% of the specimens. @entity25062 was detected in 98% of the specimens. @entity10553 in 94% and @entity25062 in 27%, respectively. @entity25062 was generally expressed in higher amounts than @entity10553 and @entity25062 . Nondetectable levels of the growth factors were more frequent in the >60-year-old males compared with >60-year-old females ( P < 0.05) and <60-year-old males ( P < 0.01). @entity25062 expression was more variable among young individuals, but mean values were similar between age groups. @entity2533 , @entity1841 and @entity12017 values did not differ between age groups, but generally a higher variation was found among older @entity1 . @entity442 values were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in males over 60 years, whereas the highest level of @entity540 mRNA was present in males younger than 20 years ( P < 0.05). In addition, regression analysis revealed correlation between @entity1841 and @entity12017 (R2 = 0.74, P < 0.0005), @entity10553 and @entity1841 (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.0005) and @entity10553 and @entity540 (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0005). In conclusion, we have demonstrated expression of @entity25062 and @entity10553 in @entity1 bone. @entity25062 was expressed in higher amounts and showed a higher degree of variation among young individuals. @entity10553 was correlated to a number of other growth factors, suggesting that LMPs may also play a role in @entity1 bone metabolism. Higher variation in the expression of @entity2533 , @entity1841 and @entity12017 was found in the older age groups, but whether or not this can be correlated to age-related changes in bone turnover requires further studies.

title: Semiquantitative mRNA measurements of osteoinductive growth factors in XXXX iliac-crest bone: expression of LMP splice variants in @entity1 bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the consumption of dairy products in cohorts included in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity5 and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS: Data from single 24-hour dietary recall interviews collected through a highly standardised computer-based program (EPIC-SOFT) in 27 redefined centres in 10 European countries between 1995 and 2000. From a total random sample of 36 900, 22 924 @entity1 and 13 031 @entity1 were selected after exclusion of subjects under 35 and over 74 years of age. RESULTS: A high total consumption of dairy products was reported in most of the centres in Spain and in the UK cohort sampled from the general population, as well as in the Dutch, Swedish and Danish centres. A somewhat low consumption was reported in the Greek centre and in some of the Italian centres (Ragusa and Turin). In all centres and for both sexes, milk constituted the dairy sub-group with the largest proportion (in grams) of total dairy consumption, followed by yoghurt and other fermented milk products, and cheese. Still, there was a wide range in the contributions of the different dairy sub-groups between centres. The Spanish and Nordic centres generally reported a high consumption of milk, the Swedish and Dutch centres reported a high consumption of yoghurt and other fermented milk products, whereas the highest consumption of cheese was reported in the French centres. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate both quantitative and qualitative disparities in dairy product consumption among the EPIC centres. This offers a sound starting point for analyses of associations between dairy intake and @entity102 such as @entity5 .

title: Consumption of dairy products in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort: data from 35 955 24-hour dietary recalls in 10 European countries.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Nonoperative treatment of serious @entity8 has been advocated and yet to our knowledge the optimum level of operative treatment has not been established to date. We report a unique data set, in which @entity1 with severe @entity8 were treated with an ultraconservative nonoperative approach during a period when urological consultation was not available at a major urban @entity130 center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 51 @entity1 identified with renal @entity130 in the Detroit Receiving Hospital @entity130 data base from 1997 to 2001. RESULTS: Injuries were grades I to V in 15, 7, 11, 14 and 4 cases, respectively, and had a tendency toward @entity130 . Renorrhaphy was never performed. Nephrectomy was done sparingly, only for grade V @entity8 and only in @entity1 who were exsanguinating from the kidney. Two of the 4 @entity1 with grade V injury died of @entity1230 , including massive @entity542 . Only 2 of the @entity1 treated nonoperatively (4%) had complications, including fever and @entity811 in 1 each. CONCLUSIONS: This data set seems to support an ultraconservative approach of limiting renal surgery to only @entity1 with active exsanguination. The nephrectomy rate for 14 grade IV @entity130 , including some gunshot wounds to the kidney, was 0%. When comparing this rate with that in the literature, we would expect it to be 1 @entity1 to as high as 10. This approach was safe and resulted in a low complication rate of 4%. Series in which more aggressive therapy for @entity8 is advocated should compare favorably to ultraconservative therapy if aggressive therapy is to continue to be widely advocated.

title: Effect of an institutional policy of nonoperative treatment of grades I to IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injuries']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injuries']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma', 'serious injury']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal injuries']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Health professionals must be aware of the impact on parents of the birth of @entity1 with @entity4998 . This study aimed to analyze the experiences and perceptions of such parents. Parents of 30 @entity1 who were evaluated in a reference center for @entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) were interviewed. The questionnaire covered the prenatal period, the moment they were told about the disorder, initial management by health professionals, and problems they experienced. Only two cases were detected during pregnancy. The news was usually given to the mother alone by pediatricians. Most parents kept it secret and avoided exposing the baby to the prejudice of others. Parents of @entity1 who were referred without sex assignment usually held a personal belief of their @entity1 's sex. Previous assignment was based on clinical examination and/or karyotype. Spreading knowledge about @entity4998 could increase awareness of this issue, thus reducing parents' shock and societal stigma. Training of neonatal care teams is required to avoid assignment before evaluation.

title: Parents' experiences of having a baby with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['DSD', 'disorders of sex development', 'ambiguous genitalia']

answer: @entity4998 :: (MESH:D012734,Disease) :: ['ambiguous genitalia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the SHOCK trial, an invasive strategy of early revascularization was associated with a significant mortality benefit at 6 months when compared with initial stabilization in @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 . Our objectives were to evaluate the data on real-world practice and outcomes of invasive vs conservative management in @entity1 with @entity1455 . METHODS: We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 with primary discharge diagnosis of @entity583 and secondary diagnosis of @entity1455 . Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of @entity1 managed invasively (with cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) vs conservatively with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We identified 60,833 @entity1 with @entity1455 , of which 20,644 @entity1 (10,322 in each group) with similar propensity scores, including 11,004 elderly @entity1 (>= 75 years), were in the final analysis. @entity1 who underwent invasive management had 59% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (37.7% vs 59.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.43; P < .0001) when compared with those managed conservatively. This lower mortality was consistently seen across all tested subgroups; specifically in the elderly (>= 75 years) (44.0% vs 63.6%; OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49; P  <  .0001) and those younger than 75 years (30.6% vs 55.1%; OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.39; P < .0001), although the magnitude of risk reduction differed (Pinteraction < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest cohort of @entity1 with @entity1455 complicating @entity583 , @entity1 managed invasively had significantly lower mortality when compared with those managed conservatively, even in the elderly. Our results emphasize the need for aggressive management in this high-risk subgroup.

title: Outcomes with invasive vs conservative management of XXXX complicating @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: The deeply rooted tradition of widow inheritance is a determinant of sex among the Luo which is widely practiced by Luo groups in Uganda, Tanzania, Zaire, and Sudan. This practice of sexual networking whereby @entity1 who inherit widows have multiple sex partners, high frequency of exchange between widows, and low levels of condom use, however, encourages the spread of @entity645 . The authors interviewed 92 widows of mean age 34 years to investigate this traditional behavior among the Luo in South Nyanza District, Kenya. Subjects were widows of Luo @entity1 who had died of a @entity102 between November 1991 and October 1992. 47 had already been inherited and 34 were planning to be, while 11 refused to be inherited for fear of spreading @entity645 . Of the @entity1 who inherited them, 80% were married, one third had histories of inheriting other widows, and some were paid to take on their new responsibilities. Only two widows reported ever using condoms since the demise of their spouse even though sexual intercourse is an essential component of widow inheritance. The lack of condom use corresponds with the lack of knowledge about the ability of condoms to prevent the spread of @entity645 ; only 9% reported being aware of this condom attribute. 87% of the widows, however, reported that sexual intercourse with multiple partners can lead to the transmission of @entity645 . 70% felt that monogamy and avoiding prostitutes can prevent the spread of @entity645 . These findings point to the urgent need for community based @entity791 education targeting elders, @entity1 , and youth.

title: Influence of widow inheritance on the epidemiology of XXXX in Africa.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity791 :: (MESH:D000163,Disease) :: ['AIDS']


abstract: AIM: Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) has been applied for single--subject evaluation of @entity419 uptake in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). In a single--subject framework, the @entity1 is compared to a dataset of @entity419 PET images from @entity392 ( @entity392 ) evaluating brain @entity209 . No studies exist that assess the effects on SPM analysis of @entity392 @entity419 PET datasets acquired from different subjects and using different PET scanners including the same or different PET scanners than those used for @entity1 . This work aims to elucidate this issue from a methodological perspective. METHODS: We considered six different @entity419 PET datasets, from different @entity392 populations, acquired by different PET scanners. We applied SPM5 procedures for single--subject comparison with each of the six @entity392 datasets in 10 probable @entity195 @entity1 showing the typical @entity419 pattern. We also implemented the same comparison in 3 probable @entity195 @entity1 and in 7 @entity1 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity73 ( @entity73 ), showing subtle changes on visual inspection of @entity419 distribution. RESULTS: Considering the 10 @entity1 with the typical @entity419 pattern, the results were comparable for all the SPM maps. In the 3 probable @entity195 @entity1 with subtle changes in @entity419 distribution, no significant @entity195 pattern emerged when a small number (<20) of @entity392 was used, whereas a significant @entity195 pattern appeared when a large (>50) @entity392 image set was used. In the 7 considered @entity73 @entity1 the use of a large (>50) @entity392 image set allowed to assess significant hypo metabolic patterns related to a probable neurodegenerative pathology. CONCLUSION: The use of large @entity392 datasets of PET scans (>50) is recommended for single--subject SPM analysis. On condition that appropriate pre--processing steps are provided, large @entity392 datasets can include @entity392 images acquired with different PET systems, not including images from the same scanner of that used for @entity1 .

title: The impact of different 18FDG PET Healthy Subject scans for comparison with single XXXX in SPM analysis.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'Mild Cognitive Impariment']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'healthy subjects']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Disease', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic abnormalities']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) on major @entity299 (MACE) in @entity1 presenting with @entity1459 or @entity583 . A number of studies have documented the significant superiority of low-molecular-weight heparins, especially enoxaparin, over unfractionated heparin in the treatment of @entity1187 . The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two different LMWHs, enoxaparin and nadroparin, accompanied by platelet @entity1427 /IIIa inhibition on MACE in high-risk @entity1459 . The study was designed as an open-label and observational study. Sixty-eight @entity1 presenting with @entity1459 associated with high-risk criteria were randomly assigned to treatment with enoxaparin plus tirofiban (36 @entity1 , mean age 57 +/- 11) or nadroparin plus tirofiban (32 @entity1 , mean age: 58 +/- 8). In-hospital MACE including @entity583 ( @entity583 ), recurrent @entity951 , @entity204 , @entity64 , and urgent revascularization were compared between the study groups. @entity1 characteristics and durations of LMWH and tirofiban treatments were not different between the study groups. Coronary artery risk factors, except family history (which was observed more frequently in the @entity2120 group, P = 0.02), were also similar. MACE between the enoxaparin and @entity11270 groups including @entity583 (5.5%, 6%), recurrent @entity951 (19%, 12%), @entity204 (0%, 3%), @entity64 (was not observed in either group), urgent revascularization (14%, 12%) and total MACE (19%, 15%) were not different. @entity2120 and nadroparin, accompanied by @entity1427 /IIIa inhibitor therapy, have similar effects on the development of major @entity299 in @entity1 presenting with @entity1459 and high-risk characteristics.

title: Effects of enoxaparin and nadroparin on major XXXX in high-risk @entity1459 treated with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity11270 :: ('MESH:D017762', 'Chemical') :: ['nadroparin']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['refractory angina']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'non-ST elevation myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2120 :: ('MESH:D017984', 'Chemical') :: ['enoxaparin', 'Enoxaparin']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Beneficial clinical effects of @entity353 following bariatric therapies is not fully understood and maybe related to the complex interactions between @entity1243 , @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin. The aim of study was to investigate their timeline changes associated with @entity353 and their profile in relation to the type of treatment and its efficacy. METHODS: Circulating hormones levels were analyzed before and after endoscopic and surgical procedures in 67 @entity28 @entity1 and compared to @entity28 healthy controls. RESULTS: @entity28 @entity1 had higher @entity1243 levels and lower levels of @entity1254 , @entity26156 , @entity37462 , and ghrelin than @entity28 controls. During the consecutive follow-up visits after treatment, there was a gradual decrease in @entity1243 levels and an increase in @entity1254 levels to the levels observed in @entity28 . At 50-54weeks, the ghrelin levels were lower and the levels of @entity1254 and @entity26156 , but not @entity37462 , were higher compared to their baseline values. BMI correlated with ghrelin and @entity1243 levels. The percentage of total @entity353 correlated positively with @entity1254 levels and negatively with @entity1243 levels. @entity1 with adequate @entity353 had a significantly lower @entity1243 concentration than those with treatment failure. There were timeline variations in hormone levels between endoscopic and bariatric therapies, however there were no significant differences in the median their concentration at 50-54weeks after therapy. CONCLUSION: Our study supports observations that @entity353 itself, rather than the procedure type, is responsible for hormonal variation. The @entity1243 levels reflect the best the body weight changes after bariatric therapies.

title: Variation in blood levels of hormones in XXXX @entity1 following @entity353 induced by endoscopic and surgical bariatric therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight reduction', 'weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obese', 'obese', 'non-obese']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently over 5000 @entity1 are receiving hemodialysis in Australia, which is an increase by approximately 7% each year. Distal @entity63 secondary to the steal syndrome ( @entity2992 ) is an uncommon but recognized complication. Several methods are now available to manage this problem including ligation, banding, and distal revascularization with interval ligation (DRIL). The aim of this report is to review the experience of the authors on this complication and its management at Royal Perth Hospital. METHODS: The Vascular Physiology Laboratory Database was used to identify those @entity1 referred for investigation of @entity2992 . Data were collected retrospectively from these @entity1 ' files concerning their demographics, graft particulars, and type of interventional procedure. @entity1 were then recalled to assess long-term patency and current venous access and for postoperative vascular studies. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 were identified with @entity63 symptoms. The mean age was 66 (range, 44 to 82). Fourteen (77.8%) were @entity1 , and 15 (83.3%) were @entity6 . @entity177 was secondary to @entity6 in 8 @entity1 , @entity101 in 3, and a combination of both in 7 @entity1 . Intervention was via the DRIL procedure in 12, ligation in 5, and banding in 1. One @entity1 underwent angioplasty of the ulnar artery before DRIL. At follow-up (between 1 and 12 months), all DRIL bypass were patents. The 5 ligated @entity1 all improved, and the @entity1 who underwent banding thrombosed their graft. CONCLUSION: The DRIL procedure should be considered the standard operation to manage @entity2992 in that it manages the @entity63 while maintaining the functional @entity292 . It is, however, still necessary to ligate some fistulae and seek alternative access. There are still no preoperative indicators as to who will suffer @entity2992 .

title: XXXX : a case series and review of current management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemic steal syndrome']


abstract: Certain yoga asanas if practiced regularly are known to have beneficial effects on @entity1 body. These yoga practices might be interacting with various, somato-neuro-endocrine mechanisms to have therapeutic effects. The present study done in twenty four @entity2175 @entity1 of 30 to 60 year old, provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and pulmonary functions. These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen. Their baseline fasting and postprandial blood @entity413 and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with pulmonary function studies. The expert gave these @entity1 training in yoga asanas and were pursed 30-40 min/day for 40 days under guidance. These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures, done in a sequence. After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen, the parameters were repeated. The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood @entity413 levels (basal 190.08 +/- 90.8 in mg/dl to 141.5 +/- 79.8 in mg/dl). The postprandial blood @entity413 levels also decreased (276.54 +/- 101.0 in mg/dl to 201.75 +/- 104.1 in mg/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease (9.03 +/- 1.4% to 7.83 +/- 2.6%). The FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV increased significantly (1.81 +/- 0.4 lt to 2.08 +/- 0.4 lt, 2.20 +/- 0.6 lt to 2.37 +/- 0.5 lt, 3.30 +/- 1.0 lt/s to 4.43 +/- 1.4 lt/s and 64.59 +/- 25.7 lt min to 76.28 +/- 28.1 lt/min respectively). FEV1/FVC% improved (85 +/- 0.2% to 89 +/- 0.1%). These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and pulmonary functions can be obtained in @entity2175 cases with yoga asanas and pranayama. The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing, interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and pulmonary functions remains to be worked out.

title: Study of yoga asanas in assessment of pulmonary function in @entity2175 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity785 , @entity101 is feared because it is often heralding severe @entity8 . The objective of our study was to identify the frequency of arterial @entity101 and clarify its etiologies in this condition. @entity1 /METHODS: Our study was prospective. From January 2008  to May 2012, we have included all @entity1 over the age of 16  years which featured a @entity785 meeting the criteria for classification of Leroy and Medsger modified. Blood pressure was systematic and @entity101 was defined as a greater than 140/90mmHg PAS/PAD. RESULTS: We have collected 60  @entity1 . It was 50  @entity1 and 10  @entity1 with an average age of 41.1ans  13.03. Arterial @entity101 was noted in sixteen @entity1 (26.7%) with an average age of 48.8  years  13.21. It was nine diffuse cutaneous @entity785 of six limited cutaneous @entity2631 and one case of @entity2631 sine @entity2631 . Etiologic research @entity101 had concluded to a renal cause in 12  @entity1 . It was five @entity8 ( @entity8 ), three vascular @entity8 , four @entity454 ( @entity454 ) including three terminals and a moderate @entity454 . An 'essential' so-called HTA was observed in four @entity1 . @entity101 was a major sign that reported five cases of @entity8 . These @entity1 had received treatment anti @entity101 and renal extra cleansing. DISCUSSION: @entity101 is common in @entity785 . Our data approximates of literature when its frequency and severity. CONCLUSION: @entity101 is a major warning sign that under no circumstances should overlook it or novo or secondary aggravation. Its support must be very early under penalty to put at stake the life-threatening in particular during the @entity91 .

title: [ @entity101 in XXXX : A vital emergency].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathies', 'SRC', 'renal impairment', 'scleroderma renal crisis']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney failure', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic scleroderma', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity2631 :: (MESH:D012594,Disease) :: ['scleroderma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality rates level off at older ages. Age trajectories of @entity64 case-fatality rates were studied with the aim of investigating prevalence of this phenomenon, specifically in case-fatality rates at older ages. METHODS: A registry of all hospitalized @entity64 @entity1 in Denmark included 40,155 @entity1 with evaluations of @entity64 severity, computed tomography, and cardiovascular risk factors. Data on mortality were used to construct age trajectories of 3-day, 1-week, 1-month, and 1-year case-fatality rates in @entity1 and @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 40,155 @entity1 , 19,301 (48%) were @entity1 (mean age, 74.5 years) and 20,854 (52%) were @entity1 (mean age, 69.7 years). In both @entity1 and @entity1 , 3-day case-fatality rates leveled off, beginning in the @entity1 ' mid-70s. In @entity1 , 1-week case-fatality rates leveled off further in their early 80s, whereas in @entity1 , 1-week case-fatality rates accelerated with age. One-month and 1-year case-fatality rates accelerated with age for both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It is an apparent paradox that case-fatality rates in the acute state of @entity64 level off at the highest ages. Heterogeneity, innate or acquired, in regard to survival capacity may explain the phenomenon.

title: Age trajectories of XXXX case fatality: leveling off at the highest ages.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Thymic and splenic extracts rich in FOA-KURLOFF (F.K.) body cells, obtained from @entity840 treated with @entity2931 , were added to @entity35 testis or ovaries in culture. Controls were prepared with extracts from thymus and spleen of non treated animals and from kidneys of treated or non treated animals. After five hours the level of sexual hormones and the germinal cells were studied. The F.K. substance has no effect on germinal cells and on @entity1420 and @entity251 secretion. The F.K. substance induces a significative decrease of @entity2931 secretion. In an other paper we established that F.K. bodies induced a @entity2915 of internal theca folliculi and of ovarian interstitial cells. It is a false image of activity in connection with a hypersecretion of FSH. The F.K. substance inhibits @entity2931 synthesis.

title: [Kurloff's thymic inclusion : action on XXXX gonads in culture].

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity6 Conversation Map program includes 4 "board game-like" education tools. We describe how the Journey to Life Conversation Map Education Class improves @entity6 performance measures of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure (BP). METHODS: Retrospective case-control study in a military family medicine clinic from January 2007 to January 2010. We included 202 @entity1 who completed >= 1 conversation map class and a comparison group of 209 @entity1 who did not attend. RESULTS: Attendees started with HbA1c 8.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.86-8.64) and decreased to 6.96 (95% CI, 6.69-7.23). @entity1 in the comparison group started at 8.57 (95% CI, 8.18-8.95) and decreased to 8.27 (95% CI, 8.01-8.54) (P < .001). Attendees began with LDL of 111 mg/dL (95% CI, 103-119) and decreased to 94 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-106). @entity1 in the comparison group started at 89 mg/dL (95% CI, 81-98) and increased to 98 mg/dL (95% CI, 85-110) (P < .007). Systolic BP decreased 5.4 mmHg among attendees versus 0.8 mmHg among those in the comparison group (P = .014), whereas diastolic BP was unchanged (P = .110). CONCLUSION: The Journey to Life Healthy Interactions Conversation Map Education Class for @entity6 improves @entity6 performance measures.

title: Participation in the Journey to Life Conversation Map Improves Control of Hypertension, XXXX , and Hypercholesterolemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are believed to be important in fetal growth and development. In the current study, the developmental changes in the IGF and @entity2270 were examined in 23 paired samples of @entity1 @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ), extraembryonic coelomic (EEC) fluid, and @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) between 9 and 12 weeks gestation. Levels of @entity442 were very low in @entity6703 (7 +/- 3 ng/mL) and EEC (10 +/- 3 ng/mL) compared to those in @entity7310 (237 +/- 42 ng/mL). In contrast, @entity5100 concentrations were 210 +/- 36 and 174 +/- 22 ng/mL in @entity6703 and EEC, respectively, and were approximately 25% of @entity7310 serum levels (884 +/- 122 ng/mL). There was no @entity734 on gestational age for either peptide in @entity6703 or EEC during the period of gestation examined. @entity10116 levels in @entity6703 increased about 20-fold (1.6 +/- 0.3 to 33.0 +/- 0.1 ng/mL) between 9 and 12 weeks of pregnancy, and @entity10116 levels were nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher in EEC, increasing about 100-fold (365 +/- 119 to 3014 +/- 100.0 ng/mL) by the end of the first trimester. In contrast, @entity10116 levels were low in @entity7310 (24.9 +/- 3.5 ng/mL) and showed no gestational age @entity734 . Using RIA, high levels of @entity2301 were found in EEC (2062 +/- 177 ng/mL) and @entity7310 (6590 +/- 357 ng/mL) compared to those in @entity6703 (152 +/- 24 ng/mL). Levels of @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC did not change significantly with gestational age, whereas an increase in @entity10116 was observed in @entity6703 after the tenth week of pregnancy. In contrast to high levels of @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC, determined by RIA, the 37- to 43-kilodalton @entity2301 doublet was barely detectable by Western ligand blot analysis. This discrepancy suggested the presence of an @entity2301 protease in EEC, as has been found in @entity7310 , that decreases the affinity of this BP for IGF peptides and, therefore, renders it less readily detectable by Western ligand blot analysis. Using [125I] @entity2301 as substrate, lower levels of @entity2301 protease activity were detected in EEC compared to @entity7310 , and nearly undetectable levels were found in @entity6703 . By Western immunoblotting, a smaller (28-kilodalton) immunoreactive form of @entity2301 was detected only in @entity7310 and EEC, suggesting proteolyzed @entity2301 in @entity7310 and EEC, but not in @entity6703 , during this gestational period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and proteolyzed XXXX in embryonic cavities in early @entity1 pregnancy: their potential relevance to maternal-embryonic and fetal interactions.

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['IGFBP axis']

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal serum', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity2301 :: (3486,Gene) :: ['IGFBP-3']


abstract: With single-beat analysis, the new concept of systolic @entity296 is applied to provide a new approach for the assessment of myocardial contractility in aortic and @entity339 . Seventy @entity1 underwent diagnostic right and left heart catheterization. Twenty-six @entity1 had @entity472 , 18 had @entity337 , and 26 had @entity339 . @entity1 with @entity472 were divided into two groups on the basis of left ventricular mass index less than 172 g/m2 ( @entity1673 ) and mass index greater than or equal to 172 g/m2 (AS2). The @entity339 @entity1 were divided into those in normal sinus rhythm ( @entity29817 ) and those in @entity955 (MR2). Nine @entity1 without significant @entity65 served as controls. Thirteen @entity1 with @entity472 and eight with @entity337 were evaluated (average, approximately 18 months) after successful aortic valve replacement. With simultaneous left ventricular pressure and cineangiographic methods, myocardial contractility was assessed by the conventional ejection fraction-afterload relation (uncorrected for preload) and by two new methods that permit the correction of the ejection fraction for preload. Assessments of the contractile state by these two new methods differed from those by the conventional method in 20-40% of the cases studied. Contractile state improved postoperatively in @entity472 and @entity337 even in @entity1 with preoperative depressed contractile states. In @entity1 with @entity339 , there was considerable heterogeneity of contractile function preoperatively. Severe left @entity123 in @entity472 was not a marker for postoperative outcome since contractility was normal postoperatively in @entity1673 and AS2 in equal numbers. This study demonstrates that preload correction is important in a preoperative assessment of contractility in aortic and @entity339 but that it is less important postoperatively, presumably because of reductions in the preload.

title: Correction for preload in assessment of myocardial contractility in aortic and @entity339 . Application of the concept of systolic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral valve disease', 'mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity123 :: ('MESH:D024741', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['coronary or cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial stiffness']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Each phase of the @entity3531 replication cycle can represent a therapy target. In fact, SIMEPREVIR (SMV) acts as @entity984 /4A protease inhibitor (PI); its efficacy is, however, reduced in HCV1a @entity1 characterized by NS3Q80K polymorphism. The aim of this work was to design a genotypic analysis of @entity984 protease in order to characterize viral quasispecies in @entity3531 1a @entity1 before starting the SMV therapy. In all, 38 peripheral blood- @entity1098 samples were collected from @entity1 infected with @entity3531 1a (RNA > 10,000 cp/ml). The samples were sequenced in a region of 543 nucleotides, codifying for 181 @entity3534 of the @entity984 protease with ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Of the 38 samples, two showed the @entity71634 mutation associated with resistance to SMV. In 16 samples mutations associated with a possible resistance to protease inhibitor, TELAPREVIR, were observed. Only one sample showed the @entity71631 mutation, which is responsible for resistance to BOCEPREVIR, a protease inhibitor too. The data reported in this paper show a 5% prevalence of the @entity71634 mutation in @entity3531 1a @entity1 . So far, some differences in the percentage of the @entity71634 mutations were observed within the European population, when compared with its US counterpart. The prevalence study described herein, albeit observed on a low number of samples, could challenge the recommendations reported in the technical data sheet of SMV.

title: Genotypic analysis of @entity3531 1a by sequencing of the XXXX proteasic region in simeprevir therapy candidates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity71634 :: ('p|SUB|Q|80|K', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Q80K']

entities_list: @entity71631 :: ('p|SUB|T|54|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T54S']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['NS3']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of caregivers of @entity1 with @entity64 with respect to their own physical activity. METHODS: A qualitative, descriptive approach was used to study 10 caregivers of @entity1 with @entity64 , recruited from a @entity64 exercise class in a large urban rehabilitation facility. Caregivers participated in individual, semi-structured interviews that were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using a constant comparative method. An inductive, iterative approach was applied to determine the codes and themes. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: change in role, change in activity, barriers to activity and health, and change in meaning of activity. Barriers to activity included guilt, time, and energy. @entity1 revealed that activity became more therapeutic after @entity64 and that @entity1 preferred purposeful, functional, and partnered activities. CONCLUSIONS: These findings emphasize the importance of the husband-wife dyad and of movement toward a family-centred care approach. Education should be provided to caregivers regarding their role, barriers, and health-promoting activities. Future research should focus on determining appropriate physical-activity programmes for caregivers as well as on evaluating implementation of partnered exercise programmes for caregivers and @entity1 with @entity64 .

title: Changes in activities of wives caring for their husbands following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['persons', 'Participants', 'participants']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors mediate a systemic antitumor activity via antiangiogenesis and seem to enhance the response of @entity5 to radiation. Radiosensitizing effects of @entity3840 inhibition have not been reported for bone @entity3 . Therefore, the aim of this study was the investigation of the radiosensitizing effects of the selective @entity3840 inhibitor @entity12698 in secondary @entity3478 of a @entity1149 in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 A549 lung @entity189 were implanted into a cranial window preparation in male @entity915 @entity19 (n = 24). Animals were treated with either @entity12698 or radiation (7 Gy single photon dose) alone or a combination of @entity12698 and radiation, respectively. Untreated animals served as controls. The impact of radiation and @entity3840 inhibition on angiogenesis, microcirculation, and @entity5 growth was analyzed over 28 days by means of intravital microscopy and histological methods. RESULTS: Monotherapies with radiation as well as @entity12698 had significant antitumor effects compared to untreated controls. Both therapies reduced @entity5 growth and vascularization to a similar extent. The simultaneous administration of @entity12698 and radiation further enhanced the antitumor and antiangiogenic effects of single-beam radiation. With the combined treatment approach, @entity5 vascularization and @entity5 size were decreased by 57% and 51%, respectively, as compared to monotherapy with radiation. CONCLUSION: The combined application of radiation therapy and @entity3840 inhibition showed synergistic effects concerning the inhibition of @entity5 growth and @entity5 angiogenesis. Therefore, the combination of radiation with @entity3840 inhibitor therapy represents a promising approach to improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy of bone @entity3 .

title: @entity12698 enhances radiation response of secondary @entity3478 of a XXXX @entity1149 via antiangiogenesis in vivo.

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity3478 :: ('MESH:D001859', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is increasingly recognized that standing represents a simple solution to extended periods of sitting. However, it is currently unknown whether workplace standing time is prospectively associated with a lower incidence of @entity102 . The objective of this study was to examine the association between workplace standing time and the incidence of overweight/ @entity28 (OW/OB) and impaired @entity413 tolerance/type 2 @entity6 (IGT/ @entity2175 ) in adults. METHODS: A longitudinal analysis from the Quebec Family Study (Canada) was conducted on 293 @entity1 , aged 18 to 65  years, followed for a mean of 6  years. Information on self-reported occupational standing time as well as several covariates was collected at both baseline and follow-up. Outcome measures included the development of OW/OB (i.e. body mass index >= 25  kg/m(2)) and IGT/ @entity2175 (i.e. 2-h postload plasma @entity413 level >= 7.8  mmol/L). RESULTS: The incidence rates of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity2175 over the 6-year follow-up period were 17.4% and 12.6%, respectively. Significant negative associations were observed between the amount of occupational standing time and the development of outcome measures. However, the associations were no longer significant after adjustment for age, sex, smoking habits, total annual family income, daily caloric intake, and submaximal working capacity. In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis, significant negative linear trends were observed across levels of standing time and the outcome variables. However, the associations were no longer significant after further adjustment for the other covariates. Finally, we observed that the change in standing time from baseline to year 6 was significantly associated with the development of outcome measures, with higher incidence rates in adults reporting a reduction in standing time at follow-up. However, the associations became non-significant after adjustment for covariates. CONCLUSIONS: Greater occupational standing time is not sufficient in and of itself to prevent the development of OW/OB and IGT/ @entity2175 in adults. Future efforts are needed to better understand the potential benefits of higher amounts of standing time throughout the day on the prevention of @entity102 .

title: Workplace standing time and the incidence of XXXX and type 2 @entity6 : a longitudinal study in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Normal and antibiotic-pretreated staphylococci were incubated with @entity1 neutrophils to determine the interactions between cells and antimicrobials in the killing of the organisms. @entity794 502A pretreated during log-phase growth with subinhibitory ((1/4) minimum inhibiting concentration) (MIC) concentrations of @entity3397 were more susceptible to killing by normal neutrophils than untreated bacteria (intracellular survival 0.17+/-0.04 vs. 1.5+/-0.38%, mean+/-SEM, respectively, at 35 min in 14 experiments; P < 0.01 by t test). Furthermore, this enhanced susceptibility to killing was observed even when phagosome formation was inhibited by @entity2389 (65.6+/-4.6% pencillintreated vs. 30.5+/-4.5% untreated killed at 30 min in 14 experiments, P < 0.001). Pretreatment of @entity794 with @entity2176 similarly enhanced susceptibility to killing by @entity2389 -treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), whereas pretreatment with @entity801 did not. The enchancement of killing by pretreatment with cell wall-active antibiotics was present in a dose-response fashion to 1/16th the MIC. It required specific antimicrobial activity; i.e., @entity114 activity was inhibited by penicillinase or by incubation with bacteria at 4 degrees C. It also required active cellular metabolism and intact neutrophils. For antibiotic-pretreated bacteria to be killed by normal and @entity2389 -treated cells, phagocytosis or binding to the cells was essential via a serum opsonindependent mechanism. In experiments with the @entity2389 -treated cells, all bound @entity114 -treated bacteria were killed vs. only a fraction (70%) of the bound untreated bacteria. @entity114 in 10 times the MIC had no direct effects on PMN phagocytic, metabolic, or microbicidal functions against a nonsusceptible organism, @entity5132 . The results indicate a cooperative effect between cell wall-active antibiotics at low concentrations and @entity1 PMN in the killing of staphylococci. The model establishes conditions for the study of the mechanisms involved in the cooperation of these bactericidal systems.

title: Interactions between antibiotics and XXXX neutrophils in the killing of staphylococci.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin', 'Penicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity2389 :: ('MESH:D003571', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin B']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Background/Aims: Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic compound (stilbene) and a phytoalexin. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism which mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide- or KCl-induced @entity2701 in male @entity840 gallbladder strips. Methods: Gallbladder strips were prepared and suspended in in vitro chambers filled with Krebs-Henseleit solution. The strips were attached to force displacement transducers, and the changes in @entity2701 were recorded on a polygraph. All reagents were added directly into the chambers. Results: To determine if intracellular Ca(2+) release mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation of cholecystokinin octapeptide-induced @entity2701 , 2-aminoethoxydiphenylborane (2-APB) was used. 2-APB significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the amount of RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) mediated the resveratrol-induced relaxation, @entity1129 inhibitor 14-22 amide myristolated ( @entity1129 -IM) was used. @entity1129 -IM had no effect on resveratrol-induced relaxation. Neither KT5823, N(G)-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nor fulvestrant had a significant effect on the amount of resveratrol-induced relaxation. Genistein, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly (P < 0.01) increased the RSVL-induced relaxation. To determine if protein kinase C mediated the RSVL-induced relaxation, the protein kinase C inhibitors bisindolymaleimide IV and chelerythrine Cl- were used together, and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in resveratrol-induced relaxation was observed. The pretreatment of the strips with resveratrol significantly (P < 0.001) decreased the amount of KCl- and cholecystokinin octapeptide- induced @entity2701 . Conclusions: Resveratrol-induced relaxation is mediated by its effects on L-type Ca(2+) channels and intracellular Ca(2+) release.

title: The Resveratrol-induced Relaxation of Cholecystokinin Octapeptide- or KCl-induced @entity2701 in Male XXXX Gallbladder Strips Is Mediated Through L-type Ca(2+) Channels.

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['protein kinase A', 'PKA']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['Guinea Pig']


abstract: Fermentation of @entity6122 is of interest in enhancing the yield of @entity1068 obtainable from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Such hydrolysates can contain both pentoses and hexoses, and while technology to convert hexoses to @entity1068 is well established, the fermentation of pentoses had been problematical. To overcome the difficulty, @entity375 and fungi have been sought and identified in recent years that can convert @entity6122 into @entity1068 . However, operation of their cultures in the presence of the @entity27753 to obtain rapid and efficient @entity1068 production is somewhat more complex than in the archetype alcoholic fermentation, @entity375 on @entity413 . The complexity stems, in part, from the association of @entity1068 accumulation in cultures where @entity6122 is the sole @entity505 source with conditions that limit growth, by @entity26 in particular, although limitation by other nutrients might also be implicated. Aspects of screening for appropriate organisms and of the parameters that play a role in determining culture variables, especially those associated with @entity1068 productivity, are reviewed. Performance with @entity6122 as sole @entity505 source, in sugar mixtures, and in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. A model that involves biochemical considerations of @entity6122 metabolism is presented that rationalizes the effects of @entity26 on cultures where @entity6122 is the sole @entity505 source, notably effects of the specific rate of @entity26 use on the rate and extent of @entity1068 accumulation. Alternate methods to direct fermentation of @entity6122 have been developed that depend on its prior isomerization to @entity6122 , followed by fermentation of the pentulose by certain @entity375 and fungi. Factors involved in the biochemistry, use, and performance of these methods, which with some organisms involves sensitivity to @entity26 , are reviewed.

title: Conversion of pentoses to XXXX by @entity375 and fungi.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae', 'yeasts']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: The endocannabinoid system in animals and @entity1 is involved in the onset of diverse diseases, including @entity28 and @entity2316 , which is a major @entity454 characterized by high @entity413 (HG)-induced apoptosis of mesangial cells. @entity12353 induce physiological and behavioral effects by activating two specific receptors, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB(1)R) and @entity10027 (CB(2)R). However, the pathophysiology of CB(1)R in @entity2316 has not been elucidated. We investigated the effects of HG on CB(1)R expression and its signaling pathways in primary cultured @entity35 mesangial cells. HG significantly increased CB(1)R mRNA and protein levels in a time-dependent manner and induced CB(1)R internalization. @entity4026 and @entity25308 ) were involved in the HG-induced increase in CB(1)R levels. Using a CB(1)R antagonist ( @entity14513 ) and CB(1) siRNA transfection, we showed that HG-induced CB(1)R is linked to apoptosis. Specifically, HG inhibited the expression of @entity21205 , but induced increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins, including phosphorylated (p)-protein kinase-like ER-associated kinase, p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2a, p-activating transcription factor-4, and C/EBP homologous protein. In addition, HG increased the @entity2310 / @entity1976 ratio and increased the amounts of cleaved @entity12874 polymerase and @entity4124 . These apoptotic effects were prevented by @entity14513 and by the downregulation of CB(1)R expression by small interfering RNA. We propose a mechanism by which blockade of CB(1)R attenuates HG-induced apoptosis in @entity35 mesangial cells. Our findings suggest that blockade of CB(1)R may be a potential therapy in @entity2316 .

title: Cannabinoid receptor 1 mediates high @entity413 -induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress in primary cultured XXXX mesangial cells.

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP-ribose)']

entities_list: @entity12353 :: ('MESH:D063388', 'Chemical') :: ['Endocannabinoids']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of @entity66 in Sweden during the " @entity3082 period" (1984-1996) was one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study was to assess the @entity66 incidence in our region over the 41-year period, and how diagnostic activity and diagnostic accuracy were affected by the introduction of antibody testing. We also looked into how @entity1 with mild @entity7017 were evaluated. METHODS: In the county of   sterg  tland in Sweden, 2790 paediatric @entity1 were investigated for suspected @entity66 between 1973 and 2013. Notes were scrutinised for data on sex, age, histopathological reports and final diagnosis. For comparative purposes this period was divided into three sub-periods (1973-1983, 1984-1996 and 1997-2013) named pre- @entity3082 , @entity3082 and @entity3082 . RESULTS: @entity66 diagnosis was received by 1,030 @entity1 . The peak incidence rate, 301 cases/100,000 in 1994 for the age group 0-1.9 years is the highest figure ever reported. The other age groups, 2-4.9, 5-14.9, and 15-17.9 years, also had high incidence rates. After the 1984-1996 " @entity3082 period" the incidence decreased for the youngest group but continued to increase for the other groups. The cumulative incidence at 18 years-of-age for @entity1 born during the @entity3082 reached 14 cases/1000 births, the highest figure hitherto reported. Diagnostic activity differed significantly between the three sub-periods (p<0.001) increasing gradually from 1984 and reaching a peak value of 0.87 in 2012. Cases of mild @entity7017 were more frequently regarded as @entity66 cases, decreasing significantly in the " @entity3082 " period (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate and cumulative incidence of @entity66 were possibly the highest ever reported. Changes in diagnostic activity and accuracy could not be attributed to the introduction of new antibody tests, possibly because of other changes e.g. variations in the symptoms at presentation and improved knowledge of the disease among parents and health professionals.

title: Unusually High Incidence of Paediatric XXXX in Sweden during the Period 1973 - 2013.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7017 :: ('MESH:C538273', 'Disease') :: ['enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Coeliac disease', 'coeliac disease', 'non-coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic', 'post-epidemic']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['Coeliac Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bronchoscopic treatment is 1 of the treatment choices for both palliative and definitive treatment of @entity6184 . There is no consensus on the management of these @entity1 , however, especially @entity1 having complex stenoses. The aim of the present study was to assess, in the largest group of @entity1 with complex stenoses yet reported, which types of @entity6184 are amenable to optimal management by bronchoscopic treatment. METHODS: The present study was a retrospective cohort study including 132 consecutive @entity1 with benign tracheal stenoses diagnosed between August 2005 and January 2013. The mean age of the study population was 52    18 years; 62 (47%) were @entity1 and 70 (53%) were @entity1 . Their lesions were classified as simple and complex stenoses. RESULTS: Simple stenoses (n  = 6) were treated with 12 rigid and flexible bronchoscopic procedures (mean of 2 per @entity1 ); 5 stents were placed. The total success rate was 100%. Among the 124 complex stenoses, 4 were treated directly with surgical intervention. In total, 481 rigid and 487 flexible bronchoscopic procedures were performed in these @entity1 . In this group, the success rate was 69.8%. CONCLUSIONS: From the present study, we propose that after accurate classification, interventional bronchoscopic management may have an important role in the treatment of @entity6184 . Bronchoscopic treatment should be considered as first-line therapy for simple stenoses, whereas complex stenoses need a multidisciplinary approach and often require surgical intervention. However, bronchoscopic treatment may be a valid conservative approach in the management of @entity1 with @entity6184 who are not eligible for operative treatment.

title: Bronchoscopic Treatment in the Management of Benign Tracheal Stenosis: Choices for Simple and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['benign tracheal stenosis', 'tracheal stenosis', 'complex tracheal stenosis']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['Complex Tracheal Stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a @entity66 with both environmental and genetic factors contributing to its development. The incidence of @entity14 is increasing year by year in Japan. @entity1 with @entity14 in advanced stages have a poor prognosis, but detection of @entity14 at earlier stages can improve clinical outcome. Therefore, identification of epidemiologial factors that influence development of @entity14 would facilitate the prevention or early detection of disease. METHODS: To identify loci associated with @entity14 risk, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for @entity14 and sub-analyses by @entity5 location using 1583 Japanese @entity14 cases and 1898 controls. Subsequently, we conducted replication analyses using a total of 4809 @entity14 cases and 2973 controls including 225 Korean subjects with distal @entity694 and 377 controls. RESULTS: We identified a novel locus on 6q26-q27 region ( @entity73239 in @entity33895 , p = 7.92   10      , OR of 1.28) that was significantly associated with distal @entity694 . We also replicated the association between @entity14 and SNPs on 8q24 ( @entity36684 and @entity73240 , p = 1.51   10       and 7.44   10      , ORs of 1.18 and 1.17, respectively). Moreover, we found cumulative effects of three genetic factors ( @entity73239 , @entity36684 , and @entity73241 in @entity8110 ) and one environmental factor ( @entity167 drinking) which appear to increase @entity14 risk approximately twofold. CONCLUSIONS: We found a novel susceptible locus in @entity33895 that contributes to the risk of distal @entity694 in an Asian population. These findings would further extend our understanding of the role of common genetic variants in the aetiology of @entity14 .

title: Common variant in 6q26-q27 is associated with distal XXXX in an Asian population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare a new low-dose @entity1229 induction regimen with the Fennerty regimen in elderly inpatients. DESIGN: Age-stratified, randomized prospective study. SUBJECTS: 120 age-stratified elderly inpatients. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity1 was randomized to either the new induction regimen or to a modified Fennerty regimen. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Days to therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR >2); days in the therapeutic range (INR 2-3) during induction; number of @entity1 with INR >4.5; ability of day 4 INR to predict day 8 @entity1229 dose. RESULTS: The mean time to therapeutic INR was longer for the new induction regimen than modified Fennerty regimen in @entity1 aged 65-75 years [4.6 (mean) +/- 1.6 (SD) days vs 3.8 +/- 0.8 days; P = 0.03] and in @entity1 aged >75 years (4.5 +/- 1.4 days vs 3.5 +/- 0.7 days; P = 0.003). @entity1 spent more time in the therapeutic INR range with the new induction regimen [3.0 +/- 1.3 days vs 2.7 +/- 1.3 days (P = 0.03) for those aged 65-75 years and 2.9 +/- 1.1 days vs 2.4 +/- 1.3 days (P = 0.04 for those aged >75 years]. Fewer @entity1 using the new regimen had INRs >4.5 in the first 8 days [1 (3%) vs 6 (20%) for 65-75 years (P < 0.05) and 1 (3%) vs 11 (37%) for >75 years (P < 0.01)]. The ability to predict the maintenance dose to within 1 mg was 55% for both regimens. CONCLUSION: The low-dose regimen has important clinical advantages over the Fennerty regimen for anticoagulating elderly inpatients.

title: A comparison of a low-dose XXXX induction regimen with the modified Fennerty regimen in elderly inpatients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1229 :: (MESH:D014859,Chemical) :: ['warfarin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our intermediate experience in treating @entity1 with severe @entity322 using an adjustable perineal male sling with a tissue expander. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An adjustable male sling procedure was performed on 21 @entity1 with severe @entity322 . The underlying etiology of @entity322 was radical prostatectomy in 13 @entity1 , open prostatectomy in 5 @entity1 and transurethral prostate resection in 3 @entity1 . The difference between the classical and the adjustable sling is that in the latter there is a 25 mL tissue expander between the two layers of @entity7502 mesh with an injection port. Adjustment of the sling was performed with saline via an inflation port, in case of recurrence or persistence of @entity322 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 66.2  7.3 (50-79) years and mean pad usage was 6.4  0.6 per day. The mean follow-up time was 40.1  23.2 (6-74) months. The balloon was postoperatively inflated on average with 11.6  5.7 (5-25) mL. After the mean 40.1 months of follow-up, 16 of the 21 @entity1 (76.2%) were dry (11 @entity1 , 0 pads; 5 @entity1 using safety pads), 3 @entity1 (14%) had mild and 2 (9.8%) had moderate degree @entity322 ( @entity322 ). The average maximum urine flow rate of the @entity1 was 15.6  4.7 (10-31) mL/s. No residual urine was found. In 2 @entity1 , all parts of the device were removed due to @entity281 and discomfort, and in 3 @entity1 only the inflation component was removed due to @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that using an adjustable perineal male sling with a tissue expander seems to be an efficient, and safe surgical treatment option in @entity1 with @entity322 .

title: Adjustable perineal male sling using tissue expander as an effective treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'local scrotal infection']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence', 'PPI']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed cellular innate and adaptive immune responses in a @entity35 heterotopic tracheal allograft model during the development of obliterative @entity1030 . METHODS: Syngeneic tracheal grafts were transplanted heterotopically from DA to DA @entity35 and fully MHC-mismatched allografts from DA to WF @entity35 . The recipients received either no immunosuppression or two different doses of @entity205 and were euthanized at 3, 10 and 30 days. Non-transplanted DA tracheas served as controls. Histologic, immunohistochemical and real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed. RESULTS: The syngrafts had normal epithelium at 10 days and no @entity432 was seen at 30 days. In non-immunosuppressed allografts, almost total loss of epithelium was observed at 10 days, culminating in @entity432 at 30 days. The activation of innate immune response was observed during the ischemic period at 3 days in both groups. Influx of the infiltrating inflammatory cells was more prominent in the allografts. In syngrafts, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, but also tolerogenic, cytokines was significantly upregulated, whereas Th1 and Th17 priming factors were significantly downregulated. In allografts, prominent mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen and adaptive Th1 and Th17 alloresponses were increased. @entity205 treatment reduced @entity432 and inhibited both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory T-cell responses in allografts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity63 induced a self-limiting, alloantigen-independent innate immune response in syngrafts. In allografts, the predominant pro-inflammatory milieu and @entity22140 -dependent Th1 and Th17 responses were linked to the development of obliterative @entity1030 and were inhibited by @entity205 treatment.

title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in obliterative @entity1030 in XXXX tracheal allografts.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity22140 :: ('MESH:D007519', 'Chemical') :: ['alloantigen']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: AIM: This study was designed to retrospectively review our experience with the multimodality management of @entity4177 ( @entity4177 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirteen @entity1 were treated for @entity4177 between 2000 and 2007. The clinical presentations, chemotherapy tolerance and response, surgical procedure undertaken, and complications were analysed. RESULTS: Median age of the population was 12 months (3-60 months), with a male-to-female ratio of 3.3:1. Nine @entity1 were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy incorporating @entity900 and @entity632 . Primary surgery was done in four @entity1 . Extent of hepatic resection in the operated @entity1 varied. Mixed type was the predominant histopathological diagnosis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was well tolerated with no morbidity or mortality. Five-year event-free survival (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of all the 13 @entity1 is 76.9%. All the nine @entity1 who could complete multimodality treatment are alive with no evidence of disease or complications with median follow-up of 63 months (46-122 months). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity4177 with multidisciplinary approach was well tolerated. @entity1349 and EFS of @entity1 were comparable with published studies.

title: XXXX : Analysis of treatment outcome from a tertiary care center.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['HB', 'hepatoblastomas']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['Hepatoblastoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Little is known about determinants of second-generation antipsychotic dosages during initial hospitalization of first-episode @entity716 . This study examined potential predictors of dosage of an atypical antipsychotic agent, @entity1090 , at hospital discharge after initial evaluation and treatment of first-episode nonaffective @entity716 in 3 naturalistic, public-sector treatment settings. METHODS: The number of psychotropic agents prescribed and discharge antipsychotic dosage were abstracted from the medical record. Demographic and extensive clinical characteristics were assessed through a clinical research study conducted at the 3 sites. One-way analyses of variance, trend tests using specific linear combinations of estimates, and      tests assessed for associations between atypical antipsychotic dosage and 5 hypothesized predictors, as well as 12 exploratory variables. RESULTS: Among 155 hospitalized first-episode @entity1 , 121 (78.1%) were discharged on @entity1090 , and subsequent analyses focused on that subset. The mean @entity1090 dosage among those 121 @entity1 was 4.26 mg; 31 received 1 to 2 mg, 45 received 3 to 4 mg, 37 received 5 to 6 mg, and 8 received more than 6 mg. Analyses suggested that older age at hospitalization, the number of psychotropic agents prescribed, excited symptoms, and premorbid social functioning may be predictors of the discharge dosage. CONCLUSIONS: Although several factors emerged, in general, predictors of discharge dosages of second-generation agents, here exemplified by @entity1090 , in real-world practice settings remain to be clarified. Given the importance of antipsychotic initiation during first hospitalization, future research should test an even broader array of potential predictors.

title: Predictors of the discharge dosage of an atypical antipsychotic agent among hospitalized, treatment-naive, first-episode @entity716 XXXX in naturalistic, public-sector settings.

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Bioinformatics analysis of published microarray data. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to reveal the possible genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis of @entity1797 by analyzing the microarray data. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1797 ( @entity1797 ) is one of the main causes of @entity1643 , which has become an enormous economic burden for society. METHODS: Gene expression data of annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells from @entity1797 @entity1 and controls subjects were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. T-test and enrichment analysis were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DEGs-associated functions and pathways in @entity1797 respectively. Protein-protein interaction network and module were constructed to analyze the key nodes associated with this disease. RESULTS: Totally 326 DEGs and 35 DEGs were obtained from the annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells, respectively. The DEGs of @entity1797 in annulus cells were mainly involved in translation, cell adhesion, cell death regulation and skeletal system development whilst the DEGs in nucleus pulposus cells were mainly related to the biological processes of vascular system development, skeletal system development and enzyme-linked receptor protein signaling pathway. @entity1414 was the common DEGs in both annulus cells and nucleus pulposus cells. The ribosomal proteins ( @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 ) in module were enriched in biological processes of translation, translation elongation and RNA processing. CONCLUSION: The results revealed the involvement of @entity1414 in skeletal system process and @entity28622 , @entity65723 and @entity50835 in the protein synthesis processes in the progression of @entity1797 , suggesting their potential use in the diagnosis and therapy of @entity1797 .

title: Dysregulated @entity1414 and @entity28622 , XXXX , @entity50835 in Disc Degeneration Revealed by Bioinformatics Methods.

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['Disc degeneration', 'DD']

answer: @entity65723 :: (6217,Gene) :: ['RPS16']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of @entity460 channel blockers ( @entity1855 ) on the formation of scars in the sciatic nerve @entity254 after @entity1897 . One hundred twenty healthy, male @entity35 were selected and prepared with right @entity1930 for this study. Samples were selected at the fourth and 12th weeks, respectively, after treatment and observations were made on the nerve @entity254 healing and diameter. Image analysis and statistical processing were carried out relating to the results of the study. The diameter of the @entity254 of the treatment group at weeks 4 and 12 was noticeably smaller than the control group (P   <   0.05). In the treatment group at week 4, there were many vesicles observed in the fibroblasts' cytosol and in the control group, the fibroblasts exhibited high number of rough endoplasmic reticulum. The collagen content of the nerve scarring at week 12 in the treatment group was apparently less than the control group (P   <   0.01). The @entity460 channel blocker ( @entity1855 ) reduced the axon resistance through the @entity254 during nerve regeneration. It can effectively inhibit the formation of scarring from @entity128 . It also provided an excellent microenvironment for the regeneration of nerve fibers.

title: Inhibition of Peripheral Nerve Scarring by @entity460 Antagonists, Also Known as XXXX Channel Blockers.

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['sciatic nerve injury']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['Calcium']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity717 is common in @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), it is not known @entity1252 characteristics predispose toward @entity717 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity1 with @entity1252 . METHODS: Fifty @entity1 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity1252 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity148 , @entity308 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity717 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity717 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity717 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity717 relative to other subjects. @entity149 ( @entity16135 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity1310 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity16133 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity1 had higher fatigue and @entity148 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity717 also had @entity149 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity149 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity717 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity1310 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of @entity149 and other clinical manifestations in disabled XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'which lupus disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['Neurocognitive impairment', 'neurocognitive dysfunction', 'Neurocognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['work disability', 'formal work disability']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are the second most common @entity5 of the @entity235 oral cavity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Recently a @entity235 with multiple oral @entity957 that contained a novel papillomavirus (PV) was reported. The aim of the present study was to determine the genome of this novel PV. To do this a short section of PV DNA was amplified from an oral SCC and 'back-to-back' primers were designed. Due to the circular nature of PV DNA, these primers were then used to amplify the remainder of the genome by inverse PCR. The PCR product was sequenced using next generation sequencing and the full genome of the PV, consisting of 8007 bp, was assembled and analysed. As this is the seventeenth PV identified from the domestic @entity235 , the novel PV was designated @entity235 papillomavirus ( @entity24715 ) type 17. Similar to other @entity24715 types, the putative coding regions of @entity24715 -17 were predicted to produce 5 early and 2 late proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF L1 revealed greater than 70% similarity to @entity24715 -2 and @entity24715 -7 and we propose that @entity24715 -17 also be classified as a Taupapillomavirus 1. While it appears @entity24715 -17 is only rarely present in @entity235 oral @entity957 , evidence suggests that this PV could influence the development of oral @entity957 in this species.

title: Genomic characterisation of @entity235 papillomavirus type 17, a possible rare cause of @entity235 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinomas', 'SCCs']

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'dog', 'Canis familiaris']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity779 , @entity1800 , causes significant morbidity and has become endemic in the Indian subcontinent. Virus strains currently circulating in many parts of the country are not well studied at the molecular level. In the present study, genetic characterization of virus strains from a dengue outbreak that occurred in and around a tertiary care hospital in Ernakulam, Kerala in the year 2008 has been reported. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 37 out of 75 (49.3%) clinically suspected cases were positive for dengue viral RNA. Among these, 21 (56.8%) samples showed concurrent @entity281 with multiple serotypes of the virus. Majority of the combined infections were caused by @entity779 and 3. @entity325 with type 1 and 2 in two @entity1 , and type 1, 2 and 3 in one @entity1 were also observed. The core-pre-Membrane (CprM) junction @entity377 sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the type 1 strains were related to the viral strains reported from Delhi-2001 and Gwalior-2002 dengue outbreaks, while the type 2 strains were related to the strains from Gwalior-2001 epidemic. Sequences of type 3 strains did not show clear relation to any of the previous Indian isolates, and in the phylogenetic analysis, they formed a distinct lineage within the Indian type 3 strains. This study indicates @entity779 in the region with the presence of multiple serotypes and high rates of @entity325 , and local genomic evolution of the viral strains involved in this outbreak.

title: Genetic characterization of dengue virus serotypes causing concurrent XXXX in an outbreak in Ernakulam, Kerala, South India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['a mosquito-borne viral infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Co-infections', 'co-infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue serotype 2', 'Dengue fever', 'hyperendemicity of dengue']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']