abstract: RATIONALE: Volatile organic compounds present in the exhaled breath have shown promise as biomarkers of @entity2 . Advances in colorimetric sensor array technology, breath collection methods, and clinical phenotyping may lead to the development of a more accurate breath biomarker. OBJECTIVES: Perform a discovery-level assessment of the accuracy of a colorimetric sensor array-based volatile breath biomarker. METHODS: Subjects with biopsy-confirmed untreated @entity2 , and others at risk for developing @entity2 , performed tidal breathing into a breath collection instrument designed to expose a colorimetric sensor array to the alveolar portion of the breath. Random forest models were built from the sensor output of 70% of the study subjects and were tested against the remaining 30%. Models were developed to separate @entity5 and subgroups from control, and to characterize the @entity5 . Additional models were developed after matching the clinical phenotypes of @entity5 and control subjects. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Ninety-seven subjects with @entity2 and 182 control subjects participated. The accuracies, reported @entity2031 -statistics, for models of @entity5 and subgroups versus control ranged from 0.794 to 0.861. The accuracy was improved by developing models for @entity5 and control groups selected through propensity matching for clinical variables. A model built using only subjects from the largest available clinical subgroup (49 subjects) had a C-statistic of 0.982. Models developed and tested to characterize @entity5 histology, and to compare early- with late-stage @entity5 , had C-statistics of 0.881-0.960. CONCLUSIONS: The colorimetric sensor array signature of exhaled breath volatile organic compounds was capable of distinguishing @entity1 with @entity2 from clinically relevant control subjects in a discovery level trial. The incorporation of clinical phenotypes into the further development of this biomarker may optimize its accuracy.

title: Progress in the Development of Volatile Exhaled Breath Signatures of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung Cancer']


abstract: The @entity1 brain is functionally altered through experience, a phenomenon known as plasticity. Relevant experiences may be negative, as in @entity1545 . Adult @entity1545 results in @entity73 . However, it has been assumed that @entity130 leads to substantial functional recovery. Animal studies suggest several predictions regarding whether this principle generally holds true. These studies indicate that the timing of @entity1545 , relative to the expected course of neurodevelopment, impacts the extent of recovery. Injuries occurring during the period of cell migration are particularly detrimental. However, outcome must be assessed longitudinally because apparent recovery in childhood may reverse as the brain matures. Moreover, recovery of one function may come at the expense of others. Whether these findings characterize outcome following preterm birth is the focus of this review. Preterm birth is associated with high rates of @entity245 , primarily due to @entity63 events. Periventricular brain structures and white matter tracts are particularly vulnerable to damage. Through school age, preterm @entity1 exhibit diminished levels of global intellectual function, attention, memory, and reasoning skills relative to full-term peers. It is questionable whether these deficits persist. Because few studies have followed recent cohorts into young adulthood, it is argued that outcome cannot be reliably described based on the available literature. Moreover, important contributors to later development have been neglected, including both genetic and experiential factors. With improved assessment, it may be possible to develop interventions based on the individual @entity1 's constellation of genetic, biological, and sociodemographic risks.

title: Cognitive development in XXXX born preterm: implications for theories of brain plasticity following @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['permanent impairment']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental disability']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['early injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity15340 @entity7748 has become in a very short time, a major new tool to explore muscle metabolism for clinical diagnostic purposes, while offering a unique non-invasive way to conduct advanced basic research in muscle physiopathology. The comparative analysis of normal and diseased muscle remains a major requirement to further define metabolic events surrounding muscle contraction and the metabolic anomalies underlying pathologies. Also, standardized rest-exercise-recovery protocols for exploration of muscle metabolism by @entity15340 @entity7748 in healthy volunteers as well as in @entity1 with intolerance to exercise need to be developed. Our protocol is based on a short term intense exercise which is very informative and well accepted by volunteers and @entity1 . Invariant metabolic parameters have been defined to characterize the normal metabolic response to the protocol. Deviations from normality can be directly interpreted in terms of specific pathologies in some favorable cases. In most cases, @entity15340 @entity7748 provides valuable information which has to be processed in conjunction with traditional invasive biochemical, electrophysiological and histoenzymological tests. For malignant and exercise @entity221 , @entity15340 @entity7748 constitutes a diagnostic tool with 100p.cent sensitivity, as compared to contracture tests on muscle biopsies. @entity15340 @entity7748 has proved particularly useful in the therapeutic follow-up of palliative therapies (coenzyme Q treatment of mitochondriopathies) and in family investigations. It is now an accepted diagnostic tool in the array of tests which are used to characterize @entity121 in clinical routine. As a research tool, it will keep bringing new information on the physiopathology of @entity121 in animal models and in @entity1 and should play a role in the metabolic characterization of gene therapy.

title: [Non invasive investigation of XXXX using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy: potential in clinical applications].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disorders', 'muscle diseases']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermias']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle diseases']


abstract: Irregularity of the ventricular rhythm is a hallmark of @entity1 with @entity955 , yet the genesis of the irregularity is not yet fully understood. The role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in determining the irregularity of the ventricular response to @entity955 was investigated by comparing the frequency distributions of the atrial (AA) and the ventricular (RR) intervals. Atrial electrograms and surface electrocardiographic leads were recorded during sustained @entity955 in 12 @entity1 with conduction over the AV node. The scaling factor (mean RR interval/mean AA interval) quantified the ability of the conduction pathway to scale the atrial input to a slower ventricular response and ranged from 2.55 to 5.92 (mean +/- SD 3.77 +/- 0.92). The coefficient of variation (SD/mean) measured the relative variability of the AA and RR interval distributions. The @entity2224 of variation were not significantly different (0.20 +/- 0.04 versus 0.21 +/- 0.03, p greater than 0.27). Similar recordings were analyzed in six @entity1 with conduction over a accessory AV pathway. The scaling factor ranged from 1.54 to 2.46 (2.02 +/- 0.39) and, as was the case for @entity1 with conduction over the AV node, the @entity2224 of variation did not significantly differ (0.24 +/- 0.08 versus 0.27 +/- 0.10, p greater than 0.6). For both groups of @entity1 , ventricular variability and the maximal RR intervals were predicted by the product of the scaling factor and either atrial variability or maximal AA intervals, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ventricular response to XXXX : role of atrioventricular conduction pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['atrial and ventricular coefficients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: Malignomas of the uterus predispose to @entity1031 . Local application of radium increases the activation of hemostasis. In newer examinations there are hints, that @entity73 and @entity4770 metabolism may have a pathogenetic meaning. Thrombocyte aggregation and @entity4770 sensitivity of thrombocytes have been examined in two groups of @entity1 : 21 @entity1 following hysterectomy because of @entity5 stage I, treated with one vaginal application for the vaginal cuff and 10 @entity1 with @entity2622 Stage IIa-IIIb treated combined intrauterine-intravaginally. The first group was prophylactically treated with low-dose-heparin, the second one with @entity11271 (Sintrom). A slight, but significant increase of thrombocyte aggregation by 4.8 per cent respectively 5.0 per cent could be observed in both groups. @entity4770 sensitivity of thrombocytes (PST) was significantly reduced by 20 per cent before irradiation in all @entity1 compared with @entity1 without @entity189 . In cases of intravaginal radium application we saw immediately after removal of the radioactive source a further reduction of PST by 12.5 per cent. 24 hours later a significant decrease of PST by 18.5 per cent could be observed. Contrary to this no significant changes were induced by combined intrauterine and intravaginal radium insertion. Therefore reduction of PST may be interpreted as a possible change of thrombocyte function in vivo caused by irradiation. It may be likely that these disturbances of thrombocyte function combined with radiogenic vessel wall damages and @entity49 are responsible for the high thromboembolic risk of radium therapy. These @entity1 should be treated prophylactically. Probably the efficiency of this prophylaxis can be improved by additional application of selective inhibitors of thrombocyte aggregation or inductors of @entity4770 synthesis.

title: [Risk of thrombosis in XXXX . A review with new results of studies].

entities_list: @entity11271 :: ('MESH:D000074', 'Chemical') :: ['acenocoumarol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['endometrium cancer']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment to thrombocyte function']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['plasmatic hypercoagulability']

entities_list: @entity4770 :: ('MESH:D011464', 'Chemical') :: ['Prostacyclin', 'prostacyclin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['irradiation of uterine cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: High concentrations of @entity442 and @entity5100 have been demonstrated in @entity1 @entity694 and exert mitogenic effects through paracrine/autocrine interactions with the @entity2856 ( @entity2856 ). However, definitive studies of @entity2856 expression in these tissues have not been performed. METHODS: To study changes in the levels of the @entity2856 in @entity14 , we analyzed the expression of @entity2856 in 40 paired samples of normal and @entity3909 colonic tissue by quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and ligand binding. RESULTS: As measured by RT-PCR, the @entity2856 mRNA ratio in paired @entity5 and adjacent normal mucosa was higher than 2.0 in 32 of 40 (80%) samples. The overall mean @entity2856 mRNA level was five-fold higher in @entity5 versus adjacent normal mucosa (P < 0.0001). Overexpression of @entity2856 in @entity694 was confirmed at the protein level by immunohistochemistry and receptor-binding studies. @entity694 cells exhibited a positive staining for @entity2856 in 91% of all @entity5 (30 of 33) whereas the adjacent normal colonic epithelial cells showed only a very faint or no significant @entity2856 immunoreactivity. Radioligand assays and Scatchard analysis in both tissue types revealed a single class of high-affinity @entity2856 -binding sites with a similar dissociation constant (K(d;) 0.14 +/- 0.02 nmol/L, n = 18). However, specific (125) @entity442 -binding and receptor concentrations were elevated in @entity5 membranes compared with normal mucosa (33.6 +/- 5.6 vs. 22.7 +/- 3.4 fmol/mg protein, P < 0.05). @entity442 affinity crosslinking and @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis displayed specific bands corresponding to the size of the normal alpha-subunit of the @entity2856 that were more intense in @entity3909 samples. @entity5100 mRNA levels were significantly elevated in @entity14 (P < 0.0001). The @entity5100 mRNA ratio in @entity5 versus normal tissue was elevated more than twofold in 28 of 40 paired samples and a positive correlation was observed between the overexpression of @entity5100 and @entity2856 in the @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that, in addition to @entity5100 , a strong overexpression of @entity2856 is found in the majority of @entity14 , supporting the hypothesis of an important role of the IGF system in the pathogenesis of @entity14 .

title: Overexpression of the insulin-like growth factor I receptor in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-I', 'insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I']

entities_list: @entity3909 :: ('MESH:D055756', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatous']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas', 'colorectal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinomas', 'colonic adenocarcinomas', 'Colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon carcinomas']


abstract: @entity191 is a @entity179 that has received considerable attention in allopathic medicine over the past decades. However, it is clear that, to date, pharmacological and surgical interventions do not fully address symptoms of @entity1726 and @entity1 ' quality of life. As both an alternative therapy and as an adjuvant to conventional approaches, several types of rhythmic movement (e.g., movement strategies, dance, tandem biking, and Tai Chi) have shown improvements to motor symptoms, lower limb control, and postural stability in @entity1 with @entity1726 (1-6). However, while these programs are increasing in number, still little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying motor improvements attained with such interventions. Studying limb motor control under task-specific contexts can help determine the mechanisms of rehabilitation effectiveness. Both internally guided (IG) and externally guided (EG) movement strategies have evidence to support their use in rehabilitative programs. However, there appears to be a degree of differentiation in the neural substrates involved in IG vs. EG designs. Because of the potential task-specific benefits of rhythmic training within a rehabilitative context, this report will consider the use of IG and EG movement strategies, and observations produced by functional magnetic resonance imaging and other imaging techniques. This review will present findings from lower limb imaging studies, under IG and EG conditions for populations with and without @entity717 . We will discuss how these studies might inform @entity717 rehabilitation (in the form of rhythmic, music-based movement training) and highlight research gaps. We believe better understanding of lower limb neural activity with respect to @entity73 during rhythmic IG and EG movement will facilitate the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches to mobility limitations and postural instability.

title: Context-Dependent Neural Activation: Internally and Externally Guided Rhythmic Lower Limb Movement in Individuals With and Without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['PD impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Neurodegenerative Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The advancement in the healthcare systems, stringent interventions for @entity166 and improved diet has significantly shifted the patterns of morbidities, and consequently hereditary and @entity154 ( @entity154 ) and @entity166 ( @entity166 ) have emerged as the most common causes of morbidity and mortality. In Pakistan, there is no systematic health surveillance system to assess the impact of such diseases particularly on the young and adult populations. METHODS: In order to glean into the health and morbidity profile of Azad Jammu and Kashmir we have carried out an epidemiological study in Bhimber District in the north-east of Pakistan. A total of 1,731 female subjects of age 12-75 yr originating from Bhimber were recruited through a cross-sectional study. RESULTS: There were 74 cases (and 15 types) of @entity154 with a prevalence estimate of 42.75/1,000. @entity154 was significantly higher in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Pahari language and belonged to rural areas and nuclear families. Additionally, there were 104 cases (and 21 types) of @entity166 (prevalence 60.08/1,000). @entity166 were observed to have higher prevalence in subjects who were illiterate and married, speaking Punjabi language, and belonged to higher age groups and nuclear families. CONCLUSION: This study explores the types and dynamics of morbidity across the major socio-demographic parameters of adult females of Bhimber and would be helpful in estimating the impact of morbidity in this population. A comprehensive country-wide study is the need of the time to identify specific risk factors associated with certain morbidity types and help prioritize areas for interventions.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and Non-Communicable Diseases in Women of Age 12-75 Years in District Bhimber, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['CA', 'congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases', 'NCDs', 'non-communicable diseases']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['Congenital Anomalies']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the incidence of @entity417 in @entity1 with @entity43 receiving @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy ( @entity40108 ) using data from the Japanese Gynecologic Oncology Group (JGOG) 3016 trial, and to examine the effect of severe @entity417 on survival during dose-dense @entity40108 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis was conducted in @entity1 enrolled in the JGOG 3016 trial who underwent at least one cycle of the protocol therapy (n = 622). Hemoglobin values at enrollment and during each cycle of @entity40108 were collected. One-to-one matching was performed between @entity1 with and @entity1 without grade 3/4 @entity417 during @entity40108 ( @entity417 and nonanemia groups) to adjust the baseline characteristics of the @entity1 . The cumulative survival curve and median progression-free survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Grades 2 to 4 @entity417 was observed in 19.8% of @entity1 before first-line @entity40108 . The incidence of grade 3/4 @entity417 rapidly increased to 56.1% after the fourth cycle of dose-dense @entity40108 . After matching, the median progression-free survival in the @entity417 (hemoglobin <8.0 g/dL) and nonanemia (hemoglobin >8.0 g/dL) groups was 777 and 1100 days, respectively (P = 0.3493) for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 . The median progression-free survival in @entity1 receiving conventional @entity40108 was similar between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in progression-free survival between @entity1 with @entity43 with and those without severe @entity417 during @entity40108 was not statistically significant, but for @entity1 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 , severe @entity417 seems to have prognostic relevance. Prospective trials are needed to investigate whether the optimal management of chemotherapy-induced @entity417 , including appropriate use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, would further improve the survival of @entity1 with @entity43 receiving dose-dense @entity40108 .

title: Does severe @entity417 caused by dose-dense @entity1311 - @entity3003 combination therapy have an effect on the survival of XXXX with @entity43 ? Retrospective analysis of the Japanese gynecologic oncology group 3016 trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish the criteria for intraoperative blood flow measurements taken at the time of @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ) construction to predict future access maturation and thereby avoid waiting periods for futile @entity292 to declare themselves. METHODS: From April 2006 through to March 2007 consecutive @entity1 undergoing native @entity2548 construction at one institution underwent intraoperative measurements of blood flow using transit-time ultrasound technology. No action was taken based upon the flow measurement at the time of surgery. @entity1 were followed and data collected comprising demographics and @entity2548 maturation. A @entity292 was considered mature when it was successfully accessed for hemodialysis (HD) at least three times. Statistical analysis was performed including receiver operating characteristics (ROC), ANOVA, and Chi square using the JMP software package. RESULTS: During the 12-month period, 70 autologous AVFs were created including 41 antecubital brachiocephalic, 21 radiocephalic, and 8 basilic vein transpositions in 35 females and 33 males with a mean age of 58+/-1.7 (mean+/-SEM). The group included 37 Hispanic, 17 Native American, 10 Caucasian, 3 African American and 1 Asian @entity1 . The etiology of @entity177 comprised 53 @entity6 , 13 @entity101 , 1 @entity8 and 1 @entity154 . Complete follow-up was available in 69/70 AVFs in 67 @entity1 . @entity1 were excluded from analysis if they had not yet started dialysis (n=12), stopped or died (n=4) before their @entity292 was accessed. @entity1 whose AVFs were patent, but required a secondary procedure to achieve a functional access were considered non-functional. There was a significant difference between the maximal intraoperative flow rates between functional and non-functional AVFs (573.6+/-103 mL/min vs. 216.8+/-35.8 mL/min; p<0.05). There was no difference between groups in regard to age, gender, race or etiology of @entity177 . ROC analysis suggested a threshold value of 140 mL/min for radiocephalic and 308 mL/min for brachiocephalic AVFs to predict maturation to a functional access. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative blood flow measurements obtained at the time of autologous @entity2548 construction can identify @entity292 that are unlikely to mature; and therefore, that require immediate revision or abandonment which will ultimately expedite the establishment of a useful access in the HD @entity1 . This is the first study to establish the minimal flow values uniquely needed for both radial artery and brachial artery AVFs to expect primary maturation to a functional access.

title: Predicting XXXX maturation with intraoperative blood flow measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormality']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'autologous arteriovenous fistula']

answer: @entity2548 :: (MESH:D001164,Disease) :: ['arteriovenous fistula']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During haemodialysis (HD) ultrafiltration may affect the central blood volume to an extent that blood pressure decreases. Thoracic electrical impedance (TI) is applied to monitor the central blood volume and we evaluated if it can be used to predict HD-induced @entity551 . METHODS: In 12 @entity551 prone (H) and 13 non- @entity551 prone (N) @entity1 , blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during one dialysis session every 30 min, while TI, thoracic intracellular water (Th(ICW)) and @entity348 ( @entity348 ) were followed every 10 min. @entity551 was defined as a @entity551 ( @entity28577 ) >/=30 mm Hg or a @entity16689 mm Hg. RESULTS: All 12 H @entity1 developed @entity551 after 190 +/- 10 min (mean +/- SE) as @entity28577 decreased 35 +/- 5 mm Hg, while the 13 N @entity1 maintained blood pressure. @entity348 increased in all @entity1 and the increase was similar (60 +/- 5 and 56 +/- 6 Omega in H and N @entity1 , respectively). In N @entity1 TI did not change significantly for the first 2 h of HD, while it became elevated by 2.8 +/- 0.6 Omega (1.5 kHz) and 2.3 +/- 0.7 Omega (100 kHz) by the end of the dialysis. In H @entity1 , the increase in TI took place at the onset of HD to reach higher values (by 7.0 +/- 0.5 Omega at 1.5 kHz and 5.9 +/- 0.5 Omega at 100 kHz). Th(ICW) was changed only in H @entity1 (decreased by 7.9 +/- 2.1 Siemens (S) 10(-4), p < 0.05), while HR increased (9 +/- 2 beats/min) in 8 of 12 H @entity1 , while it decreased in 1 @entity1 (by 9 beats/min). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that in HD @entity1 @entity551 is elicited by a reduction in the central blood volume that affects heart rate and the distribution of red cells within the body. To prevent HD-induced hypotention, the ultrafiltration rate could be reduced when an increase in thoracic impedance approaches 5 Omega, or when an index of intracellular water decreases by 6 10(-4).

title: Can haemodialysis-induced XXXX be predicted?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body impedance']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotension', 'decrease in systolic blood pressure', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['hypotension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the technique and therapeutic effect of sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in treating @entity2720 . METHODS: From January 2010 to March 2014,6 @entity1 with @entity2720 were treated with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation in our hospital. Among the 6 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 were male and 1 @entity1 was female, and the average age was 34 years, ranging from 26 to 48 years. The course of the disease ranged from 3 to 20 days. All the SCJ dislocations were caused by external injury and accompanied with the symptoms of @entity158 and obvious shoulder joint activity restricted in affected side. All SCJ dislocations were @entity1347 by the diagnosis of X-ray and CT scan. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to Rockwood score. RESULTS: All the @entity1 ' operative incision were healed well and in good appearance. X-ray showed that the dislocated SCJ was well reduced and the plate was on right position. All the 6 @entity1 were followed up for 4 to 18 months, with an average of 12 months. The results were evaluated according to Rockwood score, 4 got excellent results, 1 good and 1 fair. No fixation loosening, redislocation or side injury such as vessel, nerve or @entity130 were found. CONCLUSION: With sternoclavicular hook plate fixation, @entity2720 could be reduced while keeping its amphiarthrodial function and the completeness of the cartilage surface. Sternoclavicular hook plate fixation has advantages of safety and stabilization in fixation, and @entity1 can begin function exercises earlier.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with sternoclavicular hook plate fixation].

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior dislocation']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['swelling pain']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation', 'SCJ dislocation']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['pleura injury']

answer: @entity2720 :: (MESH:D007592,Disease) :: ['sternoclavicular joint dislocation']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) accuracy can vary substantially depending on the dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) acquisition and postprocessing methods, due to blood-brain barrier disruption and resulting T1-weighted leakage and T2- and/or T2*-weighted imaging (T2/T2*WI) residual effects. We set out to determine optimal DSC conditions that address these errors and maximize rCBV accuracy in differentiating posttreatment radiation effect (PTRE) and @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited @entity1 with previously treated high-grade @entity11 undergoing image-guided re-resection of recurrent contrast-enhancing MR imaging lesions. Thirty-six surgical tissue samples were collected from 11 subjects. Preoperative 3T DSC used 6 sequential evenly timed acquisitions, each by using a 0.05-mmol/kg @entity5777 bolus. Preload dosing (PLD) and baseline subtraction (BLS) techniques corrected T1-weighted leakage and T2/T2*WI residual effects, respectively. PLD amount and incubation time increased with each sequential acquisition. Corresponding tissue specimen stereotactic locations were coregistered to DSC to measure localized rCBV under varying PLD amounts, incubation times, and the presence of BLS. rCBV thresholds were determined to maximize test accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) in distinguishing @entity5 (n = 21) and PTRE (n = 15) samples under the varying conditions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUCs) were statistically compared. RESULTS: The protocol that combined PLD (0.1-mmol/kg amount, 6-minute incubation time) and BLS correction methods maximized test AUC (0.99) and accuracy (95.2%) compared with uncorrected rCBV AUC (0.85) and accuracy (81.0%) measured without PLD and BLS (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Combining PLD and BLS correction methods for T1-weighted and T2/T2*WI errors, respectively, enables highly accurate differentiation of PTRE and @entity5 growth.

title: Optimized preload leakage-correction methods to improve the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging in posttreatment XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5777 :: ('MESH:C064925', 'Chemical') :: ['gadodiamide']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: @entity10478 is one of the causes of chronic @entity8442 . Most cases pathologically reveal @entity179 or muscularis propia @entity194 and @entity82 . @entity854 is extremely rare. We report a case of a 9-mo-old Thai male baby who presented with chronic @entity8442 . Histologic findings showed abnormal layering of small intestinal muscularis propria with an additional oblique layer and aberrant muscularization in serosa. The @entity1 also had a short small bowel without @entity1518 , @entity14883 , and absence of the 2(nd) to 4(th) middle phalanges of both hands. The @entity1 was treated with @entity4392 and combined parenteral and enteral nutritional support. He had gradual clinical improvement and gained body weight. Subsequently, the parenteral nutrition was discontinued. The previously reported cases are reviewed and discussed.

title: XXXX as a cause of chronic @entity8442 : A case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity4392 :: ('MESH:D020117', 'Chemical') :: ['cisapride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity10478 :: ('OMIM:155310', 'Disease') :: ['Visceral myopathy']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal pseudo-obstruction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Abnormal layering of muscularis propria']

entities_list: @entity1518 :: ('MESH:C562835', 'Disease') :: ['malrotation']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative changes of myocytes']

entities_list: @entity14883 :: ('MESH:D059327', 'Disease') :: ['brachydactyly']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Abnormal layering of muscularis propria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhepatic portal vein (PV) stenting has been shown to be one of the most important treatments for @entity1 with @entity6315 caused by @entity5 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity1 with @entity6315 caused by the recurrence of a perihilar @entity5 underwent transhepatic PV stenting. A self-expandable metallic stent was deployed at the @entity850 site. The @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the procedure, complications, and survival after the stent placement. RESULTS: The median interval between the primary resection and the PV stenting was 22   months. The initial hepatic resection was a left trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy in seven @entity1 , a left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in one @entity1 , a right anterior sectionectomy with caudate lobectomy following a left hepatectomy in one @entity1 and a partial liver resection in one @entity1 . The angle of the PV around the @entity850 was greater in the @entity1 with @entity6315 located in the right posterior PV. Eight @entity1 with successful PV stent placement were able to receive anticancer treatment, with a median survival of 14   months. The remaining two @entity1 without successful PV stent placement survived less than 6   months. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein stenting might offer relief from the symptoms associated with PV @entity101 and the opportunity for sustainable anticancer therapy in @entity1 with recurrent perihilar @entity5 .

title: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting for malignant @entity6315 secondary to recurrent perihilar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy', 'biliary malignancy']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6315 :: ('MESH:C563407', 'Disease') :: ['PV stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['biliary cancer']


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2778 in treating acute @entity955 and @entity5069 after open heart surgery was compared with that of a digoxin/ @entity7306 combination. Forty adult @entity1 with postoperative @entity943 were randomised into either group 1 ( @entity2778 1 mg/kg bolus intravenously plus 0.2 mg/kg intravenously over 12 hours) or group 2 (digoxin 0.75 mg intravenously, then two hours later @entity7306 2 mg/kg intravenous bolus and 0.4 mg/kg/h intravenously for 10 hours). In each group, 17 out of 20 @entity1 reverted to sinus or junctional rhythm within 12 hours. The time to reversion in group 1 was significantly shorter than in group 2. Systolic blood pressure fell by greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg or to less than or equal to 90 mm Hg during drug administration in 17 out of 20 @entity1 in group 1 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in two) and in none out of 20 in group 2. Two @entity1 in group 1 developed transient @entity1168 ( @entity2778 withdrawn in one). None of 17 @entity1 in group 1 and two of 17 in group 2 relapsed temporarily into @entity955 during the 12 hours of intravenous treatment. On continued oral treatment, one late relapse occurred in group 1 and five in group 2, and five @entity1 in group 2 had @entity7306 withdrawn because of anticholinergic side effects (acute urinary retention in four). @entity2778 was as effective as the digoxin/ @entity7306 combination and acted significantly faster. Sensitivity to beta blockade in these @entity1 may be related to high plasma @entity2922 concentrations known to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass.

title: Intravenous XXXX for the treatment of @entity955 and @entity5069 after cardiopulmonary bypass. Comparison with @entity7306 and digoxin in a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity2778 :: ('MESH:D013015', 'Chemical') :: ['Sotalol', 'sotalol']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['atrial arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity2778 :: (MESH:D013015,Chemical) :: ['sotalol']


abstract: The objective of the present study was to assess the short-term effects of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection for refractory non-neurogenic @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ) in the setting of a prospective multicenter clinical trial. Refractory @entity2182 was defined as persistent urgency urinary @entity322 (UUI) >=  once a week despite taking anticholinergic agents, or the incapability to continue the agents because of the adverse effects. A total of 100 U of BTX-A were reconstituted in 15 mL of normal saline and an aliquot of 0.5 mL was injected at 30 submucosal sites of the bladder wall. Nine @entity1 and eight @entity1 aged 67    12 years were included. Subjective daytime frequency, urgency and UUI significantly decreased after treatment. On a 3-day frequency-volume chart, the daytime and night-time frequency of UUI significantly decreased from 5.5 and 0.5 pre-injection to 2.0 and 0.3 postinjection, respectively. Daytime urinary @entity322 completely disappeared in six subjects. A urodynamic study showed the disappearance of detrusor overactivity in eight @entity1 and a decrease in five @entity1 . Maximum bladder capacity significantly increased from 179.9 to 267.3 mL. Difficulty on micturition or feeling of incomplete emptying was reported by 23.5% and 43.8% of @entity1 at weeks 2 and 4, respectively. Postvoid residual urine increased to >100 mL in seven @entity1 and >200 mL in one @entity1 after injection; however, none of the @entity1 required clean intermittent catheterization. These findings suggest promising efficacy of BTX-A in Japanese @entity2182 @entity1 .

title: Botulinum toxin A submucosal injection for refractory non-neurogenic XXXX : early outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

answer: @entity2182 :: (MESH:D053201,Disease) :: ['overactive bladder']


abstract: The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G @entity35 prostatic @entity420 . The following study compares @entity5 weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of @entity5 . Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or @entity4742 treatments were initiated when the @entity5 were palpable (day 21) and continued until the @entity5 were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and @entity4742 treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by @entity5 weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid-S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with @entity5 weight. @entity5 grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or @entity4742 -treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid-S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and @entity4742 -treated animals. However, @entity5 grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of @entity263 response to therapy.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G @entity35 prostatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma to endocrine manipulation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Applications of @entity3928 ( @entity3928 ) are rapidly expanding and encompass molecular and cellular biology. @entity3928 aids in the analysis of in vivo global molecular alterations, identifying potential biomarkers which may improve diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies. @entity3928 has added new dimensionality to medical research. Pioneering gynecologists now study molecular mechanisms underlying female reproductive pathology with @entity3928 -based tools. Although @entity13374 including @entity46 , @entity1870 , @entity2909 , and @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) carry low mortality rates, they cause significant physical, mental, and social detriments. Additionally, some benign disorders are unfortunately associated with @entity5 . @entity3928 -based technology can detect malignant changes in formerly benign proteomes and metabolomes with distinct advantages of speed, sensitivity, and specificity. We present the use of @entity3928 in proteomics and metabolomics, and summarize the current understanding of the molecular pathways concerning female reproductive anatomy. Highlight discoveries of novel protein and metabolite biomarkers via @entity3928 -based technology, we underscore the clinical application of these techniques in the diagnosis and management of @entity13374 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 9999: XX-XX, 2015.

title: A mass spectrometric insight into the origins of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity13374 :: ('MESH:D005831', 'Disease') :: ['benign gynecological disorders', 'benign gynecologic disorders']

entities_list: @entity3928 :: ('MESH:C536030', 'Disease') :: ['mass spectrometry', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity1870 :: ('MESH:D062788', 'Disease') :: ['adenomyosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

answer: @entity13374 :: (MESH:D005831,Disease) :: ['benign gynecological disorders']


abstract: 239 @entity1 with @entity5 of the breast were treated by primary radiation therapy from 1977 to 1985. Of them 212 had an objective response and 27 showed no response to irradiation. From the objective responders, 105 @entity1 were subjected to mastectomy and axillary dissection and in 107 cases the radiotherapy was not followed by surgery. @entity1 of operated group had a 71% and the RT alone group had a 61% local-regional @entity5 control at 5 years. The analysis of local-regional recurrences revealed that none of the operated @entity1 had axillary recurrence but 8 had in the RT alone group. Postirradiation surgery is recommended for @entity1 who have @entity66 especially in the axillary region. The 5-year survival rate of operated @entity1 was significantly better, 58% vs. 35%. However, these results are not comparable since the incidence of less favourable cases was higher in the RT alone group. Chemotherapy was initiated for the 27 @entity1 who failed to respond to RT, but results were unsatisfactory. None of them survived three years. Further studies are needed to explore the role of chemotherapy in this stage of @entity0 .

title: Radiotherapy alone or in combination with surgery in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['stage III breast cancer']


abstract: After the introduction of modern artificial joints the classical operation methods, such as osteotomies, arthrodeses and auto-arthroplasties, have been forced aside little by little. Irrespective of the late complications following replacement surgery, the @entity1 today expect a movable, painless endoprosthesis, which at it best seems to benefit the @entity1 . The question arises whether the classical methods still have a role in the surgical treatment of @entity309 . The reply is "yes", they do have a fair share of rheumatoid surgery, indeed. They still compete with the modern endoprosthetic surgery for the place of the primary operation in many cases. To give instances, tarsal reconstruction by subtaloid arthrodesis is superior to other methods and arthrodesis of the wrist is often only reasonable way to get a strong, painless key joint to the hand. Even the shoulder arthrodesis may successfully compete with an endoprosthesis. Also classical auto-arthroplasties such as resection arthroplasties of the metacarpophalangeal and @entity2720 are serious rivals of respective endoprostheses. The practice of @entity627 Foundation Hospital (RFH) in the golden mean between the endoprosthesis enthusiasts and their opponents will be described in this article. The practice varies greatly from clinic to clinic and is progressing--and regressing--all the time.

title: The role of non-prosthetic surgery in the treatment of @entity309 by fusions and auto-arthroplasties. Current practice at the XXXX Foundation Hospital, Heinola.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['elbow joints']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['Rheumatism']


abstract: @entity3999 head consists of a globular catalytic domain and a long alpha-helical regulatory domain. The catalytic domain is responsible for binding to actin and for setting the stage for the main force-generating event, which is a "swing" of the regulatory domain. The proximal end of the regulatory domain contains the essential light chain 1 (LC1). This light chain can interact through the N and C termini with actin and @entity3999 heavy chain. The interactions may inhibit the motion of the proximal end. In consequence the motion of the distal end (containing regulatory light chain, @entity13406 ) may be different from the motion of the proximal end. To test this possibility, the angular motion of LC1 and @entity13406 was measured simultaneously during muscle contraction. Engineered LC1 and @entity13406 were labeled with red and green fluorescent probes, respectively, and exchanged with native light chains of striated muscle. The confocal microscope was modified to measure the anisotropy from 0.3 microm(3) volume containing approximately 600 fluorescent cross-bridges. Static measurements revealed that the magnitude of the angular change associated with transition from rigor to relaxation was less than 5 degrees for both light chains. Cross-bridges were activated by a precise delivery of @entity855 from a caged precursor. The time course of the angular change consisted of a fast phase followed by a slow phase and was the same for both light chains. These results suggest that the interactions of LC1 do not inhibit the angular motion of the proximal end of the regulatory domain and that the whole domain rotates as a rigid body.

title: Regulatory and essential light chains of XXXX rotate equally during contraction of skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity3999 :: (79784,Gene) :: ['myosin']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Review trends in mandible @entity174 management and outcomes in @entity1 treated with and without intraoperative arch bar use. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: All @entity1 with mandible @entity174 between October 1, 2001, and October 1, 2011, were reviewed. Excluded were those with concomitant midfacial @entity174 or inadequate follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 734 @entity1 sustained 1,312 mandible @entity174 . Assault was the most common etiology. The parasymphyseal, subcondylar, and angle regions were most likely fractured. In total, 85% of @entity1 underwent @entity1538 ( @entity1538 ). This overall number had no significant annual deviation. However, use of arch bars to achieve intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with @entity1538 decreased annually, whereas the use of manual reduction with @entity1538 increased annually. These trends held statistical significance. Outcomes were reviewed in @entity1 with one or two nonsubcondylar @entity174 by assessing complications of @entity3232 , @entity281 , and malunion. In 228 @entity1 meeting criteria, the incidence of complications was 12.9% in those treated using intraoperative arch bars with @entity1538 and 12.5% in those using manual reduction with @entity1538 . When assessing individual complications, there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a shifting trend in mandible @entity174 management. Our techniques for achieving @entity174 reduction ideal for @entity1538 favors manual reduction over the use of arch bars in select cases. We found no statistical increase in the incidence of complications when using manual reduction with @entity1538 in @entity1 with one and two nonsubcondylar @entity174 . In appropriately selected cases, manual stabilization of fractured segments is an alternative to using arch bars to achieve intraoperative MMF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Decade review of mandible @entity174 and arch bar impact on outcomes of nonsubcondylar XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['ORIF', 'open-reduction internal-fixation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3232 :: ('MESH:D008310', 'Disease') :: ['malocclusion']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: @entity2332 is a frequent event during the perioperative period. Recent studies revealed a drop in core temperature of over 2 degrees C in more than 50% of all @entity1 undergoing an operation. This drop in core temperature seems to be primarily due to the following factors. Anaesthesia prevents behavioural adaptations to changes in ambient temperature. Simultaneously, autonomic mechanisms of temperature control are suppressed by general as well as by neuraxial anaesthesia. The interthreshold range between core temperatures that trigger responses to warmth and to cold increases up to 20-fold. This is primarily due to a decrease in the cold response threshold. As a result, body core temperature of anaesthetized @entity1 is primarily determined by the much lower temperature of the environment. On one hand, decreases in body temperatures may exert organ protective effects under certain conditions, e.g., by increasing ischemic tolerance. On the other hand, there is accumulating evidence that accidental perioperative @entity2332 may also adversely affect organ function and outcome. For example, unfavourable effects of perioperative @entity2332 on the immune defence, on the function of the coagulation system, on cardiovascular performance, as well as on postoperative recovery have been reported. Consequently, measures should be taken to actively control the perioperative heat balance of @entity1 .

title: [Etiology and sequelae of perioperative XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Accidental hypothermia', 'hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['accidental hypothermia']


abstract: Serum-free differentiation protocols of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer the ability to maximize reproducibility and to develop clinically applicable therapies. We developed a high-throughput, 96-well plate, four-color flow cytometry-based assay to optimize differentiation media cocktails and to screen a variety of conditions. We were able to differentiate hESCs to all three primary germ layers, screen for the effect of a range of activin A, @entity13062 , and @entity7 concentrations on endoderm and mesoderm differentiation, and perform RNA-interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of a reporter gene during differentiation. Cells were seeded in suspension culture and embryoid bodies were induced to differentiate to the three primary germ layers for 6 days. Endoderm ( @entity436 (+)KDR(-)), mesoderm (KDR(+)SSEA-3(-)), and ectoderm (SSEA-3(+)NCAM(+)) differentiation yields for H9 cells were 80    11, 78    7, and 41    9%, respectively. Germ layer identities were confirmed by quantitative PCR. Activin A, @entity13062 , and @entity540 drove differentiation, with increasing concentrations of activin A inducing higher endoderm yields and increasing @entity13062 inducing higher mesoderm yields. @entity7 drove lateral mesoderm differentiation. RNAi-mediated knockdown of constitutively expressed red fluorescent protein did not affect endoderm differentiation. This assay facilitates the development of serum-free protocols for hESC differentiation to target lineages and creates a platform for screening small molecules or RNAi during ESC differentiation.

title: A high-throughput multiplexed screening assay for optimizing serum-free differentiation protocols of XXXX embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2083 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity935 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity2227 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2083 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity10095 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity3216 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity2227 agonist @entity140 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity2227 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity72403 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity72403 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2083 for @entity140 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: @entity935 D1 receptor blockage potentiates @entity140 -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['goldfish']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the origin of fundus autofluorescence (AF) patterns in @entity989 ( @entity989 ). DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 30 consecutive eyes of 30 @entity1 with primary @entity989 using AF and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). We measured the AF using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph with a 488-nm excitation light and a 500-nm cutoff barrier filter and compared the AF patterns with ophthalmoscopy and SD-OCT. RESULTS: We observed a patchy increased AF in the macular area in 22 eyes (73%), in which the length of the photoreceptor outer segment at the central fovea tended to be longer than the other eyes (P=.06). The punctate increased AF corresponded to the ophthalmoscopic precipitates in 17 eyes with precipitates. AF significantly (P=.017) decreased in eyes with a @entity1713 ( @entity1713 ). Eight eyes (27%) had increased AF in the inferior @entity1713 . CONCLUSIONS: The patchy increased AF appears to originate from elongated photoreceptor outer segments in the @entity11471 . The autofluorescent fluorophores from the photoreceptor outer segments may be concentrated in precipitates or have settled into the inferior @entity1713 .

title: Fundus autofluorescence of elongated photoreceptor outer segments in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11471 :: ('MESH:C565633', 'Disease') :: ['detached retina']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['prominent serous retinal detachment', 'SRD']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy', 'CSC']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['central serous chorioretinopathy']


abstract: It has been suggested that measurement of red blood cell (RBC) volume, by red cell analyzers (RCA), may be used to distinguish glomerular from non-glomerular @entity811 . The RCA measures all urinary particles, including RBC. We found that red cell volume distribution curves (RVDC) obtained with a Coulter S+IV RCA were non-specific in predicting the cause of @entity811 . Normal RBC added to urine at about 15,000/mm3 produced the expected non-glomerular RCVDC but at decreasing RBC concentrations mixed and then glomerular RCVDCs were found. Urine from 7 normal subjects (6 without urinary RBC) showed particle volume distribution curves identical to glomerular RCVDC. These urinary particles were examined by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ) after filtration (3 microns and 0.8 micron pore size). Hematuric urine from a @entity1 after prostatectomy contained RBC (3.5-9.5 microns diameter) and particulate debris (1.0-7.5 microns diameter). Similar results were obtained for a @entity1 with crescentic @entity631 (particles 1-13 microns diameter). Attempts to separate glomerular urinary RBC from debris by centrifugation against a @entity969 polymer were unsuccessful. The shape of the RCVDC obtained with RCA is altered by the presence of debris in urine. The true MCV of glomerular RBC is still unknown. The usefulness of RCA in the diagnosis of @entity811 is limited to @entity1 with large numbers of urinary RBC.

title: Red cell volume distribution curves in the diagnosis of glomerular and non-glomerular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity811 :: (MESH:D006417,Disease) :: ['hematuria']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1744 in @entity5 is a common problem, requiring stoma placement to decompress the colon and permit neo-adjuvant treatment. The majority of @entity1 operated on in our hospital are referred; after stoma placement at the referring centre without overseeing final type of surgery. Stoma malpositioning and its effects on @entity5 care are described. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent surgery for locally advanced or locally recurrent @entity5 between 2000 and 2013 in our tertiary referral centre were reviewed and included if they received a stoma before curative surgery. @entity1 with recurrent @entity5 were only included if the stomas from the primary surgery had been restored. The main outcome measures are stoma malpositioning, postoperative and @entity532 . RESULTS: A total of 726 @entity1 were included; of these, 156 @entity1 (21%) had a stoma before curative surgery. In the majority of @entity1 , acute or pending @entity1744 was the main indication for emergent stoma creation; some of the @entity1 had @entity5 -related fistulae. In 53 @entity1 (34%), the stoma required revision during definitive surgery. No significant differences were found regarding postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: One-third of the previously placed emergency stomas were considered to be located inappropriately and required revision. We were able to avoid increased complication rates in @entity1 with a malpositioned stoma, however unnecessary surgery for an inappropriately placed stoma should be avoided to decrease @entity1 inconvenience and risks. An algorithm is proposed for the placement of a suitable stoma.

title: Stoma placement in obstructive XXXX prior to neo-adjuvant treatment and definitive surgery: A practical guideline.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['stoma-related complications']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['large bowel obstruction', 'Mechanical bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The doses of these drugs are barely tested and the potential clinical @entity1031 risk must be taken into account. Despite the widespread use of NOAC (non @entity2067 dependent oral anticoagulants) and recommendations of regulatory agencies and first consensus meeting on handling the @entity548 situation under NOAC, especially in hospitals without a large hemostatic focus, uncertainty still exists. In case of mild @entity548 from a clinical perspective, the medical care of these @entity1 and the delay of the next dose or discontinuation is advised. A special laboratory analysis is indicated i.e. in case of known higher grade liver and @entity177 , which can cause a prolonged elimination of NOAC. The administration of factor concentrates is not indicated in this situation. In case of moderate to severe @entity548 , the primary measures focus on the stabilization of the heart and circulatory function and parallel on the treatment depending on the localization of the @entity548 source. According to experience, mostly @entity360 occurs under the NOAC, which should be supplied endoscopically. In life-threatening @entity548 in addition to the measures of hemodynamic stabilization usually a special haemostasis management is required, which should be mainly clinically oriented. After the assessment of @entity548 predictor, the time of the last dose and the dose of @entity15796 should be learned, but other causes of @entity548 , including Fibrinolysis, should be excluded or treated. Subsequently, routinely promptly @entity3925 and/or @entity5424 sensitive thromboplastin time (Quick's value) and a @entity9900 time ( @entity9900 -poor calibrator) for qualitative assessment can be carried out because only very few hospitals have specific tests (anti-Xa measurements, @entity291 @entity9900 ), which could be promptly done. If there is a significant deviation from the normal range or to present preliminary value of particular @entity1 , an effect of NOAC most likely exists. In life-threatening @entity548 the use of factor concentrates (procoagulants) is indicated. The first-line therapy should be PPSB. Only in exceptional cases, especially when @entity3926 is taken, the use of aPPSB ( @entity33081  ) for prompt haemostasis can be considered. The haemostasis should be always clinically estimated and not according to coagulation tests. The use of rFVIIa (Novo Seven  ) shows different results in the @entity548 therapy (reversal) under @entity3926 . The doses of these drugs are barely tested and the potential clinical @entity1031 risk must be taken into account. CONCLUSION: The current concepts of the newly developed antidotes are not clinically validated. First prospective, clinical registries have been started.

title: [Bleedings under NOAC (non XXXX dependent oral anticoagulants). Evidence and practical management].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['Dabigatran', 'dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['kidney failure']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['apixaban']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity2067 :: (MESH:D014812,Chemical) :: ['Vitamin-K']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity7743 @entity7744 polymorphism has been associated with increased risks of @entity101 and @entity583 in several small studies. We examined the association between this polymorphism and new-onset @entity101 , blood pressure (BP) control, and incident cardiovascular events in a large population-based cohort of older adults. METHODS: Eight hundred self-identified African Americans and 1,371 randomly selected white @entity1 in the Cardiovascular Health Study were genotyped. The median duration of follow-up was 8.1 years. RESULTS: The @entity7744 polymorphism was not associated with new-onset @entity101 , with BP control, or with incident cardiovascular events in the overall population. In white @entity1 , the CC genotype was associated with higher baseline systolic BP and pulse pressure, compared to the AC or AA genotype. In whites with treated @entity101 at baseline, compared to the AA genotype, the CC genotype was associated with increased risks of incident @entity712 (hazard ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-4.9) and incident @entity385 (hazard ratio = 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.0). These associations were not observed among white @entity1 without treated @entity101 , but the interaction of genotype with treated @entity101 on @entity385 and @entity712 was only marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS: On the whole, in this large cohort of older adults, the @entity7744 polymorphism was not associated with BP control or incident cardiovascular events. The subgroup findings in treated @entity101 need to be confirmed in additional studies.

title: XXXX polymorphisms in the cardiovascular health study: relation to blood pressure, ethnicity, and cardiovascular events.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensives', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity7743 :: ('185', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II type 1 receptor']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity7743 :: (185,Gene) :: ['Angiotensin II type 1 receptor']


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and meta-analyses of @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) for the treatment of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) have shown a modest clinical benefit compared with placebo. Furthermore, indirect comparison by meta-analyses showed that subcutaneous immunotherapy is more effective than @entity13366 . Despite these data, @entity13366 has become the most prescribed treatment of @entity56 in Europe in recent years, and it was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of @entity56 to grass pollen in the United States on April 1, 2014. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the grass pollen sublingual tablets licensed as drugs in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity56 to grass pollen. DATA SOURCES: Computerized bibliographic searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov (from inception to April 30, 2014) were supplemented with a manual search of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: @entity922 were included if they compared the grass pollen @entity13366 tablets approved by regulatory authorities in the European Union and the United States for @entity56 with placebo. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data on populations, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from each RCT according to the intent-to-treat method by 2 independent observers and were combined using the method by DerSimonian and Laird. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was the difference in the symptom score and medication score between @entity13366 and placebo. We pooled data using random-effects meta-analysis, with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% CIs reported. RESULTS: Data were available in 13 @entity922 for the symptom score (4659 @entity1 ) and in 12 @entity922 for the medication score (4558 @entity1 ). We found a small treatment benefit in the symptom score ( @entity7126 , -0.28; 95% CI, -0.37 to -0.19; P   <   .001) and in the medication score ( @entity7126 , -0.24; 95% CI, -0.31 to -0.17; P   <   .001). Adverse events were reported in 1384 of 2259 @entity1 (61.3%) receiving @entity13366 and in 477 of 2279 @entity1 (20.9%) receiving placebo. Seven @entity1 in the @entity13366 group reported treatment-related adverse events requiring @entity1425 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Findings show a small benefit of the grass pollen sublingual tablets in reducing symptoms and in decreasing the use of symptomatic medication (antihistamines and @entity288 ) in @entity1 with @entity56 . Considering the low magnitude of the benefit, the convenience and easy administration do not seem to be sufficient reasons for the choice of @entity13366 .

title: Efficacy of Grass Pollen Allergen Sublingual Immunotherapy Tablets for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['SLIT', 'sublingual immunotherapy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis', 'SARC']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['RCTs', 'Randomized clinical trials']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['Seasonal Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis']


abstract: @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) is almost entirely eliminated by the kidneys and has a terminal plasma half-life (t1/2) of 2 to 3 hr in subjects with normal renal function. To determine the drug's kinetics and tolerance in @entity1 with severe @entity177 , six anuric subjects on long-term hemodialysis were studied. Each received a 1-hr infusion of 2.5 mg/kg IV @entity3073 . The kinetics are well described by a two-compartment open model. @entity3073 terminal plasma t 1/2 and the total body clearance were 19.5 +/- 5.9 hr (mean +/- SD) and 28.6 +/- 9.5 ml/min/1.73 m2. Peak (end of infusion) and 8- and 24-hr plasma @entity3073 concentrations were 37.5 +/- 23.3, 10.3 +/- 2.9, and 6.4 +/- 2.4 microM. Approximately 48 hr after the start of the infusion the subjects were hemodialyzed for 6 hr. The pre- and posthemodialysis @entity3073 plasma levels were 2.74 +/- 1.38 and 1.11 +/- 0.60 microM. The terminal @entity3073 t1/2 during hemodialysis was 5.7 +/- 0.85 hr. During hemodialysis paired arterial and venous samples showed that @entity3073 was readily dialyzed, with a mean coefficient of extraction of 0.45 +/- 0.12. The dialysis clearance of @entity1033 was 81.8 +/- 12.6 ml/min. None of the @entity1 had any @entity3073 -related adverse effects. Since @entity3073 elimination is markedly reduced in @entity454 and because @entity3073 is readily hemodialyzible, dosage modification are needed to avoid cumulation and to replace dialyzed drug.

title: @entity1033 kinetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir', 'acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: Reproductive effects of 1,3 @entity21430 inhalation have been evaluated in male @entity19 by reduction of post-meiotic germ cells, alteration of sperm chromatin structure and transmission of chromosome aberrations to one-cell embryos. Animals were exposed for 5 consecutive days for 6 h per day to @entity21430 concentrations of 130, 500 or 1300 ppm. The testicular fraction of post-meiotic germ cells was measured by flow cytometric analysis on the basis of their DNA content. Round spermatids were discriminated from mature, elongated spermatids by their different degree of chromatin condensation. @entity21430 -induced cytotoxic effects on differentiating spermatogonia were shown by a concentration-dependent decrease of round spermatids occurring 21 days after chemical exposure, confirmed by a similar decrease of elongated spermatids measured in testes sampled 7 days later. Statistically significant effects were seen already at 130 ppm. An incomplete repopulation of the elongated spermatid compartment observed 35 days after exposure to 1300 ppm suggested that, at the highest concentration tested, @entity21430 @entity137 extended to stem cells. Alterations of sperm chromatin were revealed by its increased sensitivity to acidic denaturation in situ. The percentage of abnormal sperm was significantly increased after @entity21430 exposure of differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes. This suggested the induction of persistent effects interfering with chromatin remodelling during spermiogenesis. Chromosome-type structural aberrations were significantly elevated in first-cleavage embryos conceived by males mated during the first and second week after the end of exposure. The lowest effective tested concentration was 500 ppm, the same reported for dominant lethal induction under identical exposure conditions. As in the dominant lethal assay, the effect of this dose was confined to exposed sperm, while both sperm and late spermatids were affected by the inhalation of 1300 ppm. A quantitative comparison between the effects induced by intraperitoneal injections of @entity19644 or @entity21430 inhalations suggested that other reactive intermediates, in addition to @entity19644 , might contribute to mediate @entity21430 -induced reproductive @entity137 .

title: Reproductive @entity137 of 1,3-butadiene in the XXXX : cytogenetic analysis of chromosome aberrations in first-cleavage embryos and flow cytometric evaluation of spermatogonial cell killing.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity19644 :: ('MESH:C007366', 'Chemical') :: ['diepoxybutane']

entities_list: @entity21430 :: ('MESH:D002070', 'Chemical') :: ['Butadiene', 'butadiene']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the high risk of @entity5 to the population, Korean Americans are known to have lower knowledge about @entity5 related information and a lower level of adherence to @entity5 prevention guidelines. This indicates the necessity of @entity5 interventions targeting the Korean American population. To reach this population effectively, it is imperative to understand Korean Americans' @entity5 information seeking behaviors. This study (a) identified @entity5 information sources that are trusted and used by Korean American @entity1 and (b) examined how general media exposure and trust in @entity5 information sources are related to the use of these sources. It also (c) explored perceived usefulness and limitations of @entity5 information sources. A mixed methods study using seven focus group interviews with 34 Korean American @entity1 and surveys with 152 Korean American @entity1 was conducted in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area from 2011 to 2012. The results indicate that Korean American @entity1 viewed health care professionals as the most trusted @entity5 information source but used the Internet and Korean ethnic media more often for @entity5 information seeking because of language, cultural, and economic barriers. Korean American @entity1 were most likely to obtain @entity5 information from media they used frequently for general purposes. Correlations between usage frequency and trust in doctor/health providers and the Internet as @entity5 information sources were negligible. When seeking @entity5 information, important factors for Korean American @entity1 were accessibility, affordability, and language proficiency, cultural sensitivity, meeting immediate needs, understandability, convenience, and reliability of @entity5 information sources. Findings from this study support developing interventions using Korean language media, including print, television and the Internet for health promotion and @entity5 prevention targeting Korean American @entity1 .

title: Cancer Information Seeking Behaviors of Korean American XXXX : A Mixed-Methods Study Using Surveys and Focus Group Interviews.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The superior thyroid artery (STA) is the most commonly used recipient vessel in free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction. Size discrepancy between recipient and donor vessels might affect the patency rate. The objective of this study was to compare the outcomes of the "open-Y" technique in end-to-end anastomoses between the STA and donor arteries to those of conventional anastomoses to the STA. @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 337 @entity1 with free tissue transfer for head and neck reconstruction with the STA as the recipient artery were recruited between September 2011 and August 2013. The "open-Y" technique of @entity254 was used in 72 cases, whereas the conventional technique was applied in 256 cases. The arterial anastomotic site-related complications and size discrepancy rates of both groups were evaluated and compared. RESULTS: The flap success rate was 98.6% (71/72) in the "open-Y" group, which was similar to the conventional group [97.4% (245/252); P   =   0.999]. Size discrepancy rate was higher in the "open-Y" group [48/72(66.7%)] compared to that in the conventional group [31/265(11.7%), P   <   0.001]. There was no significant difference regarding arterial anastomotic site-related complications between the "open-Y" and conventional groups (1.4% vs.4.2%; P   =   0.473). Others complications, including re-exploration, @entity49 , @entity1410 , @entity292 , @entity281 , partial flap @entity39 and @entity39 , had similar presentations. CONCLUSION: The utility of the "open-Y" technique, applied to STA as a recipient vessel, appeared to be a reasonable option for head and neck reconstruction. This technique seems to be promising for cases with vessels size discrepancy.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Utility of "open-Y" XXXX technique in the use of superior thyroid artery as recipient vessel for head and neck reconstruction with free flap.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'total flap necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical and economic effects of screening for @entity263 with @entity1486 (PSA), transrectal ultrasound (TRUS), and digital rectal examination (DRE). DESIGN: Decision analytic cost-utility analysis comparing four screening strategies with a strategy of not screening. We assumed that the @entity5 detection rate and stage distribution were predicted by each combination of tests and that localized @entity5 was treated with radical prostatectomy. For each strategy, we calculated life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE), and cost-utility ratios for unselected and high-prevalence populations. DATA: Probabilities and rates for clinical events were gathered from published data. We assessed utilities by the time-trade-off method using urologists, radiation oncologists, and internists as subjects. The Clinical Cost Manager at the New England Medical Center provided cost data. RESULTS: In unselected @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 70 years, screening with PSA or TRUS prolonged unadjusted life expectancy but diminished QALE. Screening with DRE alone yielded no reduction in mortality at any age. All programs increased costs. Results were sensitive only to assumptions about the efficacy of treatment. In high-prevalence populations, screening produced a similar pattern: gains in unadjusted life expectancy, losses in QALE, and increased costs. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis does not support using PSA, TRUS, or DRE to screen asymptomatic @entity1 for @entity263 . Screening may result in poorer health outcomes and will increase costs dramatically. Assessment of comorbidity, risk attitude, and valuation of sexual function may identify individuals who will benefit from screening, but selecting high-prevalence populations will not improve the benefit of screening.

title: Screening for XXXX . A decision analytic view.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Thirty-three inpatients (22 females, 11 males, aged 79.4    9.5 years) were investigated in this prospective cohort study to study the @entity305 ( @entity305 ) and @entity303 in geriatric inpatients. Clinical and electrodiagnostic investigations, routine laboratory, including thyroid parameters, @entity1501 , @entity2186 , @entity1255 , @entity6421 , @entity2002 and glycosylated hemoglobin were measured in serum, the mini-mental state examination and computed tomographic scanning were performed in each @entity1 . @entity305 was found clinically and electrodiagnostically in 96% of @entity1 . Age was the most precipitating factor for @entity305 , and was significantly correlated to electrodiagnostic changes in the nerves investigated in both, upper and lower extremities, while clinical symptoms were confined only to the feet. Correlation was seen between @entity1255 and the amplitude of the sural nerve (surAmpl) (rs = -0.406, p = 0.029) as well as the sural nerve conduction velocity (surNCV) (rs = -0.389, p = 0.037), and between @entity6421 and the grade of denervation (rs = 0.445, p = 0.014) in our @entity1 . @entity6421 and @entity2002 did not correlate significantly, but there was a trend to higher @entity2002 concentrations in @entity1 with higher @entity6421 levels (rs = 0.344, p = 0.062). A trend of a correlation was seen between higher @entity1255 concentrations and the number of changes in electrodiagnostic measurements (rs = 0.354, p = 0.055). Twenty-one of the 33 @entity1 (64%) were demented, 9 (27%) presented clinically as mild @entity73 , 3 (9%) were not demented. Vascular risk factors were found in 83%: @entity101 in 58%, hypercholesterinemia in 39%, @entity299 in 36%, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in 21%, peripheral @entity455 (PAD) in 9%. A significant correlation was found between @entity1255 and @entity1501 concentrations (rs = -0.401, p = 0.028). Falls were reported in 48% of cases, indicating @entity305 as a risk factor in this group of @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity305 was found very common with a high coincidence with @entity303 and a female preponderance, suggesting an influence on daily life (falls) in our subjects studied. @entity305 correlated significantly with markers for @entity455 as well as immune activation ( @entity1255 and @entity6421 ) similar to earlier findings in @entity1 with @entity179 , suggesting common therapeutic options in @entity1 with @entity305 and @entity303 .

title: @entity305 and XXXX in old age: common inflammatory and vascular parameters.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease', 'vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6421 :: ('MESH:D019798', 'Chemical') :: ['Neopterin', 'neopterin']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['prevalence of polyneuropathy', 'PNP']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous in vitro and animal studies demonstrated that transcription factors p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 are required to induce @entity4666 secretion by T helper (Th) 9 cells. It is believed that n factor-kappaB (NF-kB) plays a role in eosinophil survival. The importance of these transcription factors in the pathogenesis of @entity56 ( @entity56 ) in @entity1 is poorly understood. We evaluated p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression in peripheral blood Th9 cells and NF-kB expression in eosinophils during late-phase airway inflammation in @entity56 @entity1 . METHODS: Nineteen adults with @entity56 and 14 adult healthy individuals (HI) were examined. Peripheral blood collected 24  h before (baseline) and 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge. CD4(+) cells and eosinophils were isolated by high-density gradient centrifugation and magnetic separation. The percentage of Th9 cells and apoptotic eosinophils was estimated by flow cytometry. p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 expression was expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in Th9 cells. NF-kB levels were expressed as MFI in peripheral blood eosinophils. Serum @entity4666 and @entity225 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: At baseline, MFI of p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 in peripheral blood Th9 cells and MFI of NF-kB in eosinophils and, serum @entity225 and @entity4666 levels were greater in @entity56 @entity1 (P   <   0.05). Decreased eosinophil apoptosis was seen in the @entity56 group compared with HI (P   <   0.05). MFI of p- @entity8850 , @entity7764 , and NF-kB and serum levels of @entity225 and @entity4666 were increased in the @entity56 group 24  h after challenge compared with baseline (P   <   0.05). In the @entity56 group, a correlation between serum @entity4666 and Th9 cells (r   =   0.7, P   =   0.001) and MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.6, P   =   0.01) 24  h after bronchial allergen challenge was observed. A correlation between Th9 cells and MFI of p- @entity8850 (r   =   0.45, P   =   0.03) as well as MFI of @entity7764 (r   =   0.5, P   =   0.02) 24  h after challenge was only observed in @entity56 @entity1 . A correlation between the MFI of NF-kB and eosinophil apoptosis was observed in @entity56 @entity1 24  h before (r   =   -0.46, P   =   0.02) and after (r   =   -0.5, P   =   0.02) challenge. DISCUSSIONS: p- @entity8850 and @entity7764 may be associated with Th9 cells and @entity4666 production, whereas NF-kB and @entity225 may be associated with reduced eosinophil apoptosis in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02214303.

title: p- @entity8850 , XXXX , and NF-kB are involved in allergen-induced late-phase airway inflammation in asthma @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'AA']

answer: @entity7764 :: (6688,Gene) :: ['PU.1']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of hysterectomy for @entity1 aged 18-45 seeking treatment at a @entity1118 clinic, to describe @entity1 characteristics ( @entity158 intensity, age, smoking status, hormone replacement status, and psychosocial factors) based on opioid and hysterectomy status, and to determine whether hysterectomy status predicted receipt of opioid prescription. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional chart review. @entity1 : Total 323 new female @entity1 aged 18-45 who completed the Brief @entity158 Inventory-Short Form at initial evaluation at a @entity1118 clinic during a 12-month period (July 2008-June 2009). MEASURES: Data were collected from the Brief @entity158 Inventory and medical charts. Variables included opioid prescription, average @entity158 intensity, @entity158 type, age, hysterectomy status, smoking status, and @entity158 across domains measured by the Brief @entity158 Inventory. The association of opioid prescription with hysterectomy and other factors were determined by logistic regression. RESULTS: Prevalence of hysterectomy was 28.8%. Average @entity158 intensity was not associated with either hysterectomy or opioid prescription status. However, hysterectomy and high levels of @entity158 were significantly and independently associated with opioid prescription after adjusting for age and @entity158 intensity. More than 85% of @entity1 with hysterectomy and high @entity158 had opioid prescription. CONCLUSIONS: Hysterectomy may confer risk for @entity158 and opioid prescription in @entity1 45 and younger. More research is needed to understand 1) how @entity1 characteristics influence prescribing patterns and 2) the specific medical risks and consequences of chronic opioid therapy in this population.

title: Hysterectomy and predictors for opioid prescription in a XXXX clinic sample.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'pain-related dysfunction']

answer: @entity1118 :: (MESH:D059350,Disease) :: ['chronic pain']


abstract: @entity29601 ( @entity29601 ) is a lypophilic alkylating agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier and has shown broad activity in @entity5 models. Five of 12 @entity1 with @entity5 treated with iv AZQ had clinical and/or radiographic improvement (Schold, Neurology 34:615, 1984). Intra-arterial administration of AZQ to @entity1 with @entity1313 should produce higher peak levels of drug in the @entity5 and should reduce systemic @entity137 . Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity816 (grade II, four; grade III, 11; and grade IV, six), in all of whom irradiation and intra-arterial @entity3600 chemotherapy failed, received intra-arterial AZQ as a single dose every 28 days. Two of 20 evaluable @entity1 experienced partial responses of 5 and 8+ months, respectively. Four @entity1 had disease stabilization of 3, 4, 5, and 8 months' duration, respectively, and one of these @entity1 had @entity5 shrinkage (partial response) after seven courses of AZQ. The initial dose in the first three @entity1 was 10 mg/m2, and doses in subsequent groups of three @entity1 were begun at increases of 5 mg/m2. The within-group dose escalation was 5 mg/m2 per course if there was no hematologic @entity137 . Dose-limiting @entity137 was myelosuppression, which occurred at doses greater than 15 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose was 25 mg/m2. Intra-arterial AZQ appears to be of marginal effectiveness in @entity1 refractory to carmustine and offers no advantage over iv AZQ in efficacy or @entity137 .

title: Phase I-II evaluation of intra-arterial @entity29601 for recurrent malignant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant astrocytoma', 'animal tumor']

entities_list: @entity29601 :: ('MESH:C029108', 'Chemical') :: ['AZQ', 'Diaziquone']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytomas']