abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A study of lumbar ligamentum flavum (LF) OBJECTIVE.: To identify @entity1184 - related microRNAs (miRNAs) expression profile, and to investigate the role of miRNAs in the development of @entity1184 in @entity2649 ( @entity2649 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although histologic and biologic literature on @entity1184 is available, the pathomechanism is still unknown. Accumulating evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in many physiologic processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and @entity82 , but the role of specific miRNAs involved in @entity1184 remains elusive. METHODS: An initial screening of LF tissues miRNA expression by miRNA microarray was performed using samples from 10 @entity1 and 10 controls, respectively. Subsequently, differential expression was validated using qRT-PCR. Then, functional analysis of the miRNAs in regulating collagens I and III expression was carried out. Western blotting and luciferase reporter assay were also used to detect the target gene. In addition, the thickness of the LF at the level of the facet joint was measured on axial T1-weighted magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: We identified 18 miRNAs that were differentially expressed in @entity1 compared with controls. Following qRT-PCR confirmation, @entity494 was significantly lower in LF tissues of @entity1 when compared with controls. The LF was significantly thicker in @entity1 than that in controls. Bioinformatics target prediction identified @entity1552 as a putative target of @entity494 . Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that @entity494 directly targets @entity1552 and affects the protein expression of @entity1552 in fibroblasts isolated from LF. Of note, @entity494 mimic reduced mRNA and protein expression of collagens I and collagen III in fibroblasts isolated from LF. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of @entity494 might contribute to @entity1184 by promoting collagens I and III expression via the induction of @entity1552 . Our study also underscores the potential of @entity494 as a novel therapeutic target in @entity2649 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: MicroRNA-221 regulates XXXX of ligamentum flavum in @entity2649 by targeting @entity1552 .

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['LF hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity2649 :: ('MESH:C563613', 'Disease') :: ['LSS', 'lumbar spinal stenosis']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophy']


abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the feasibility of pre-operative autologous blood donation (PABD) self-transfusion on the postpartum recovery and the endocrine in lying-in @entity1 . The PABD is carried out on 70 pregnant @entity1 who have high risk of postpartum @entity548 . Those 70 subjects were divided into three groups: 33 cases of PABD self-transfusion during the Cesarean section; 16 cases of PABD self-transfusion as a physiological means and 21 cases without transfusion. Serum levels of @entity53 (E2), @entity1420 (P), @entity4090 ( @entity4090 ) hormone are evaluated 48 hours before and after labor; Postpartum colostrum timing, milk yield, short term and long term uterine contraction are observed among the cases. No significance were observed among the three groups on E2, P, @entity4090 hormone 48 hours before and after labor. The @entity4090 concentration in PABD self-transfusion group is higher than that in the group without self-transfusion 48 hours after labor. Using different PABD self-transfusion strategies, significant difference of the initial milk yield time were observed in the three groups (F=6.035 P=0.004), but the milk yield is no significant different on second day and third day. The self-transfusion of PABD has little influence on uterine contraction. For the @entity1 who underwent Cesarean Section, the PABD self-transfusion is conducive to the increase of @entity4090 level. The PABD self-transfusion advances the commencement time of milk yield, while with little effect on neither milk yield volume nor uterine contraction.

title: The effect of pre-operative autologous blood donation self-transfusion on hormone and postpartum convalescence in Lying-in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 can fulfil clinical criteria for remission, yet still have evidence of @entity603 detectable clinically and by ultrasound, and this is associated with structural damage. Stricter remission criteria may more accurately reflect true remission (no @entity603 ). This hypothesis was examined by studying @entity1 using more stringent thresholds for clinical remission and determining their levels of ultrasound @entity603 . METHODS: @entity309 @entity1 with a disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28)  <=2.6 for at least 6 months were classified using standard and more stringent DAS28 and simplified disease activity index (SDAI) remission thresholds and the corresponding clinical and ultrasound imaging measures of @entity603 recorded. RESULTS: 128 @entity1 (all DAS28 <2.6, median DAS28 1.70) receiving either disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs alone (n=66) or with a @entity5 @entity39 factor blocker (n=62) were recruited. Of the 640 imaged joints, 5% had moderate or severe power Doppler (PD) activity, 8% were clinically swollen and 1% tender. In @entity1 fulfilling DAS28, American College of Rheumatology or SDAI remission criteria, moderate or severe PD activity was present in 21%, 15% and 19%, respectively. More stringent DAS28 and SDAI criteria reduced the mean number of swollen and @entity2720 (p<0.001) but not the percentage of @entity1 with PD activity: 32 @entity1 had a DAS28 <1.17 but eight (25%) had significant PD activity. CONCLUSION: Using more stringent remission criteria resulted in reduced signs and symptoms of @entity32 , but the percentage of joints with PD activity was not reduced, even in those without signs or symptoms. These data suggest that clinical criteria are sufficiently insensitive to detect low but clinically relevant levels of @entity32 accurately.

title: Should imaging be a component of XXXX remission criteria? A comparison between traditional and modified composite remission scores and imaging assessments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['tender joints']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: History of @entity910 started during the 14th century. At that time the St Vitus' Dance was described, but the nosology of @entity910 remained @entity911 during the next five centuries. The concept of tic was elaborated in France during the 18th century. It remained too large a concept however. Definitive semiologies appeared at the end of the 19th century, thus allowing tics to emerge from the "chaos of choreas". The etymology of the word "tic" still remains mysterious. In 1905, Meige thought that the word tic was used for the first time by reference to @entity1641 . He referred to the tic of the bear in the @entity1641 described by Rudler and Chomel at The Soci  t   de Neurologie de Paris in 1903. Veterinarians were thus probably the first to describe the word. If so, however, the @entity1641 must leave anteriority to the @entity1237 . The word Ticq was used in 1611 as mentioned by the French dictionary Robert. The word is said to be an onomatopea and is compared to the italian word ticchio which means caprice. Another dictionary (Littr  ) suggest the german word "ticken", which means "to touch slightly", the @entity5545 ( @entity158 ) and the german ziki (young @entity1237 ), a word which could have lead to ticchio as capra, @entity1237 in italian, gave capricio.

title: [The concept of tic in the history of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal movements', 'dyskinesias']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusing']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['sudden pain']

entities_list: @entity5545 :: ('MESH:D004410', 'Disease') :: ['galic word tacaid']

answer: @entity910 :: (MESH:D004409,Disease) :: ['abnormal movements']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Complex embryological processes form the head and neck of @entity1 . It is not flawless; remnants lead to sinuses or cysts, commonly in the head and neck region. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the a case of an 8-year-old @entity1 , a primary school pupil, from rural Kenya with chronic cough, wheezing, difficulty in breathing and @entity1353 on exertion. He was treated with antibiotics and antitubercular drugs without improvement prior to referral to our hospital. A computed tomography scan of his chest revealed a superior mediastinal mass extending into his neck. A diagnosis of a brachial cleft cyst was made and our @entity1 underwent a successful excision of the mass through a median strenotomy and neck dissection. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12743 are common, accounting for 20% of pediatric neck masses. Usually they present as a neck mass but in our case it presented as a mediastinal mass, which is a very rare clinical presentation. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment. To the surgeon, the embryology and anatomy should be absolutely clear as dissection may be challenging due to the close proximity and variable course of the cystic stalk to @entity135 .

title: XXXX : an unusual cause of a mediastinal mass: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['major neck vessels and nerves']

entities_list: @entity12743 :: ('MESH:D001935', 'Disease') :: ['Branchial cysts of the neck']

answer: @entity12743 :: (MESH:D001935,Disease) :: ['Branchial cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that an increased intake of long-chain n-3 @entity1718 protects against mortality from @entity453 . We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term use of @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) is effective for prevention of major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 in Japan who consume a large amount of fish. METHODS: 18 645 @entity1 with a total @entity165 of 6.5 mmol/L or greater were recruited from local physicians throughout Japan between 1996 and 1999. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either 1800 mg of @entity8393 daily with @entity6817 ( @entity8393 group; n=9326) or statin only (controls; n=9319) with a 5-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was any major coronary event, including @entity1164 , fatal and non-fatal @entity583 , and other non-fatal events including unstable @entity951 , angioplasty, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00231738. FINDINGS: At mean follow-up of 4.6 years, we detected the primary endpoint in 262 (2.8%) @entity1 in the @entity8393 group and 324 (3.5%) in controls-a 19% relative reduction in major coronary events (p=0.011). Post-treatment LDL @entity165 concentrations decreased 25%, from 4.7 mmol/L in both groups. Serum LDL @entity165 was not a significant factor in a reduction of risk for major coronary events. @entity1459 and non-fatal coronary events were also significantly reduced in the @entity8393 group. @entity1164 and coronary death did not differ between groups. In @entity1 with a history of @entity453 who were given @entity8393 treatment, major coronary events were reduced by 19% (secondary prevention subgroup: 158 [8.7%] in the @entity8393 group vs 197 [10.7%] in the control group; p=0.048). In @entity1 with no history of @entity453 , @entity8393 treatment reduced major coronary events by 18%, but this finding was not significant (104 [1.4%] in the @entity8393 group vs 127 [1.7%] in the control group; p=0.132). INTERPRETATION: @entity8393 is a promising treatment for prevention of major coronary events, and especially non-fatal coronary events, in Japanese hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis.

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity7784 :: (MESH:D015118,Chemical) :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The definition of ultra-high risk (UHR) for @entity716 was derived from community-based help-seeking populations. Prisoners have high rates of @entity716 and other severe @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) problems. They also have high rates of risk factors for @entity146 morbidity and yet they are among the populations who are less likely to seek help in the community. Despite a policy of equivalence of care for individuals in prison there are no early intervention services for @entity716 in prisons in the UK. This was a study exploring feasibility of introducing such a service into a local London prison. This paper discusses the differences in @entity1032 profile of prisoners who met criteria for at-risk mental state compared with those who did not. Method. A two-stage procedure was used. @entity1 in a local London prison were routinely screened in the first week of arrival in prison with the Prodrome Questionnaire - Brief Version (PQ-B; Loewy et al. 2011). Those that screened positive as well as a small sample of those who screened negative underwent a further semi-structured assessment to see whether they met criteria for UHR state. Data on self-harm and suicide attempt, family @entity146 history, and @entity148 and @entity308 was also collected. Results. A total of 891 prisoners were screened, 44% of whom screened positive. A total of 354 underwent second stage assessment, 60 of whom had screened negative. Four groups were identified: those that had no @entity1032 problems, a group experiencing First Episode Psychosis, those at UHR of @entity716 and a group with other @entity1032 problems. The UHR state and Psychotic groups had very similar @entity1032 profiles of symptoms and distress. Prisoners with no @entity1032 problems were at the other end of the spectrum with few symptoms and @entity306 . The Other group fell in between this group and the @entity716 spectrum group in terms of symptomology and distress. Conclusions. This study is the first to examine risk for @entity716 in an adult male prison population. We identified a broad spectrum of @entity146 for which there is little current service provision in prisons. Screening early in the custodial process has the potential to identify unmet @entity1032 need and has implications for keeping individuals safe in custody. A long-term strategic approach is required to address @entity1032 need in prisons.

title: Prisoners at ultra-high-risk for XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'MH disorder']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['little distress']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: @entity18962 has properties of a @entity3 suppressor gene. Although its mechanism of action is unknown, nm23 has been implicated in @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) signal transduction. In an earlier study we decreased nm23 mRNA levels 2- to 8-fold by antisense phosphorothiolated oligonucleotides in two HT29 @entity694 sublines at different stages in @entity5 progression with different responses to @entity2533 : the HD3 subline, which shows @entity2533 -induced @entity851 and differentiation; and the more tumorigenic U9 subline, whose growth and invasion are stimulated by @entity2533 . Only @entity2533 -mediated responses in HD3 cells were inhibited by nm23 antisense oligos, suggesting that nm23 functions in only one @entity2533 signaling pathway. In the current report we have extended this study to cell motility. HD3 motility was increased by nm23 phosphorothiolated antisense oligos which decrease nm23 mRNA levels, while HD3 cell motility was conversely decreased by @entity2533 which increases nm23 mRNA levels. HD3 motility was not increased by basic FGF, @entity2533 or @entity7790 , while the 13-fold higher basal motility of U9 cells was stimulated 3-fold by basic FGF, 4-fold by @entity2533 and 5-fold by @entity7790 , but not by scatter factor. Differences in motility and response to motility factors could not be ascribed to differences in either basal levels of proteases or modulation of their levels by @entity2533 . Both HD3 and U9 cells displayed equal levels of urokinase activity and mRNA, equal expression of the metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP-1, and no detectable collagenases by zymography. No differential response to @entity2533 was seen in any of these assays. Thus limited cell motility and lack of response to motility factors in HD3 @entity694 cells could be correlated with expression of nm23 active in signal transduction.

title: XXXX cells with inactive nm23 show increased motility and response to motility factors.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF beta 1', 'transforming growth factor beta 1']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['Colon carcinoma']


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity8553 ( @entity8553 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity8553 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity309 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity8252 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity309 @entity8553 , we hypothesized that @entity8252 participates in @entity309 @entity8553 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity309 @entity8553 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity309 @entity8553 express @entity44262 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity3647 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity310 or @entity1356 triggered significant elevation of @entity44262 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity8252 on @entity588 and @entity1836 expression, @entity8553 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity8252 enhanced @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity1836 . To test the role of endogenous @entity8252 in the activation of @entity309 @entity8553 , an @entity8252 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity44262 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity8252 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity588 and @entity1836 (L), and @entity309 @entity8553 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity309 @entity8553 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity8553 -derived @entity8252 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity309 patients express functional @entity8252 receptor complex: endogenous @entity8252 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity1836 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8553 :: ('MESH:C565779', 'Disease') :: ['FLS', 'fibroblast-like synoviocytes']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['Bcl-2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is prospective study analyzing the subjective and objective quality of voice and voice related quality of life in @entity1 of early @entity5 (T1, T2 disease) before and after receiving curative radiotherapy. METHODS: Fifteen @entity1 of early @entity189 (T1, T2) underwent voice assessment using multidimensional voice protocol based on recommendation by European Laryngological Society which included Perceptual analysis of voice by speech therapist and otolaryngologist, acoustic analysis; aerodynamic efficiency analysis-Maximum phonation time; @entity1 's self perception of voice analysis--Voice handicap index; and videolaryngostroboscopy. Assessment was done prior to commencement of radiation therapy and at 1 month and 3 months following radio- therapy. RESULTS: There was significant improvement in majority of the voice parameters post radiotherapy. Perceptual analysis showed significant improvement in GRBAS score following radiotherapy. Perturbation measures (jitter, shimmer, SNR, HNR) showed improvement post radiotherapy though remained inferior compared to controls. Mean fundamental frequency (Mean F0) and habitual frequency (habitual F0) decreased post radiotherapy. Intensity of voice increased following radiotherapy which was statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was significant improvement in the @entity1 's perception of their quality of voice and voice related quality of life post radiotherapy. Maximum phonation time showed statistically significant improvement post-radiotherapy. Perceptual analysis of voice by professional observer correlated well with @entity1 self perception of his own voice. CONCLUSION: Voice quality improves following radiotherapy but not all the @entity1 regain normal voice. Improvement in @entity1740 improves quality of life of @entity1 shown by improved voice handicap index.

title: Early evaluation of @entity1740 in XXXX (T1, T2) following curative radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['glottic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1740 :: ('MESH:D014832', 'Disease') :: ['voice quality']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['glottic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['glottic cancer']


abstract: To prevent @entity2720 , prophylactic treatment of @entity1 with severe @entity447 should be started before joint damage has occurred. However, treatment is expensive, and the burden of regular venipunctures in young @entity1 is high. With the aim of providing information on starting prophylaxis on the basis of individual @entity1 characteristics, the effect of postponing prophylaxis on long-term @entity2720 was studied in a cohort of 76 @entity1 with severe @entity447 born between 1965 and 1985. The median age at first @entity548 was 2.2 years (range, 0.2-5.8). Prophylaxis was started at a median age of 6 years (interquartile range [IQR], 4-9), and the median annual clotting factor use on prophylaxis was 1750 IU/kg/y (31 IU/kg/wk). @entity2720 was measured by the Pettersson score (maximum, 78 points). At a median age of 19 years, the median Pettersson score was 7 points (IQR, 0-17). After 2 decades of follow-up, the Pettersson score was 8% higher (95% confidence interval, 1%-16%) for every year prophylaxis was postponed after the first @entity548 . This effect was independent of age at Pettersson score, age at first @entity548 , and prophylactic dose used. In conclusion, most @entity1 have their first @entity548 after the age of 2 years. @entity1 who start prophylaxis soon after the first @entity548 @entity2720 in adulthood. The longer the start of prophylaxis is postponed after the first @entity548 , the higher the risk of developing @entity2720 .

title: The effects of postponing prophylactic treatment on long-term outcome in @entity1 with severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['Hemophilic arthropathy', 'hemophilic arthropathy', 'show little arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['joint bleed']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes between the groups using Ray-Tracing ( @entity35 ) and Monte-Carlo (MC) calculation algorithms for stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity1 received SBRT with CyberKnife for 47 primary or metastatic @entity2 . @entity35 was used for 22 targets in 12 @entity1 , and MC for 25 targets in 23 @entity1 . Total dose of 48 to 60 Gy was prescribed in 3 to 5 fractions on median 80% isodose line. The response rate, local control rate, and @entity137 were compared between @entity35 and MC groups. RESULTS: The response rate was lower in the @entity35 group (77.3%) compared to the MC group (100%) (p = 0.008). The response rates showed an association with the mean dose to the gross @entity5 volume, which the doses were re-calculated with MC algorithm in both groups. However, the local control rate and @entity137 did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcome and @entity137 of lung SBRT between the @entity35 and MC groups were similar except for the response rate when the same apparent doses were prescribed. The lower response rate in the @entity35 group, however, did not compromise the local control rates. As such, reducing the prescription dose for MC algorithm may be performed but done with caution.

title: Comparing the clinical outcomes in stereotactic body radiotherapy for XXXX between Ray-Tracing and Monte-Carlo algorithms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung tumors']


abstract: It has been reported that @entity4447 ( @entity9188 ) is an apoptosis inducer and radiation sensitizer for various @entity5 cell lines. In this study of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the combined effect of topical @entity9188 and radiation therapy on fungating and/or skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 . The dermatological, @entity344 of the treatment were also monitored. @entity9188 gel (0.05%) was applied to @entity5 lesions 1 h prior to delivery of each fraction, with the gel removed about 5 min before the irradiation. Superficial radiation was delivered using an electron beam from a linear accelerator. Every week, the @entity5 lesions were photographed to evaluate effectiveness, and blood was sampled to monitor changes in hemogram and biochemical profile. Seven @entity0 @entity1 with cutaneous @entity3 were enrolled in this study. In terms of @entity5 , the rates for complete, partial response and stable disease were 42.9 (three of seven), 42.9 (three of seven) and 14.3% (one of seven), respectively. The skin @entity158 , assessed by a visual analog scale, and secretion from all of the seven superficial and fungating wounds decreased markedly after treatment. Significant @entity236 or granulocytosis was not noted. Further, changes in renal and hepatic function were also not significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that @entity9188 may be an effective and safe radiosensitizer for palliative radiotherapy for skin-infiltrating lesions of @entity0 .

title: Combined effect of topical @entity4447 and radiation therapy on skin-infiltrating lesions of XXXX -a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity4447 :: ('MESH:C006632', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic trioxide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal, hematological, renal and hepatic toxicities']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of the @entity4396 antagonist abarelix in @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 progressing after orchiectomy and to measure its effect on serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). METHODS: Sixteen @entity1 with @entity263 progressing after orchiectomy received abarelix-depot 100 mg by intramuscular injection on days 1, 15, and 29 and then every 28 days for up to 24 weeks (52 weeks in @entity1 who met the criteria for a @entity1486 [PSA] response after 24 weeks). PSA response was the primary endpoint and was defined as a 50% reduction confirmed 4 weeks later. The time to progression and effect of therapy on serum FSH were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: No @entity1 met the criteria for a PSA response. Five @entity1 (31%, 95% confidence interval 11% to 58%) experienced confirmed reductions in the PSA level ranging from 9.3% to 31.8%. At the end of the six cycles of therapy, 6 @entity1 remained stable without PSA progression or other signs of disease progression. The median time to progression was 12 weeks (95% confidence interval 6 to 18). The mean serum FSH concentration declined after 4 weeks of study treatment by nearly 90% from a baseline of 45.1 IU/L (95% confidence interval 34.0 to 56.2) and remained suppressed throughout the observation period. Treatment was well tolerated, with one grade 3 @entity56 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with abarelix in @entity1 with @entity342 -independent @entity263 after orchiectomy results in marked reduction in circulating FSH. None of the @entity1 met the PSA response criteria; nonetheless, minor reductions in serum PSA were observed in 5 of 16 @entity1 .

title: Targeting FSH in @entity342 -independent @entity263 : abarelix for XXXX progressing after orchiectomy.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reaction']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4772 associated with adult acquired @entity4434 is thought to result from hypophosphataemia and relative @entity10692 deficiency. We have followed the clinical and diagnostic features of @entity1 with @entity4772 associated with @entity4434 , with particular emphasis on their responses to treatment with @entity460 , @entity1391 and @entity560 . DESIGN: Retrospective Mayo Clinic case-note review from 1975 to 1994 and prospective follow-up study, combined with literature review. @entity1 : Eleven @entity1 (7 male, 4 female) were identified who satisfied criteria for diagnosis of @entity4772 and @entity4434 . Twenty-five additional @entity1 were identified in a literature review from 1954 to the present. METHODS: Clinical history and physical examination, serum and urine bone and mineral parameter, X-ray radiography and iliac crest bone histomorphometry. RESULTS: All @entity1 presented with typical symptoms of @entity4772 , including lower extremity or @entity1643 , and all had @entity174 , pseudofractures, and/or @entity79 on X-ray radiography. @entity4772 and @entity4434 were diagnosed concurrently in 10 @entity1 , whereas @entity4772 preceded diagnosis of @entity4434 by 5 years in one @entity1 . Pre-treatment bone biopsies in 9 of the 11 @entity1 demonstrated increased osteoid surface, volume and width. In the one @entity1 labelled with @entity803 prior to biopsy, mineralization lag time was prolonged at 111 days (normal 19.2 +/- 1.0 days). Hypophosphataemia, inappropriately low @entity10692 levels, @entity177 , and @entity520 due to @entity3157 leak and uraemia, contributed to the @entity4772 in these @entity1 . @entity3528 was present in two @entity1 . Eight of the 11 @entity1 with @entity4772 associated with @entity4434 had @entity74 , including multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 , many of them manifest by light-chain @entity644 . Over a mean @entity1 follow-up period of 46 months (range 1-239 months), @entity1 responded symptomatically to @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity560 replacement typically within 1-6 months. In 8 @entity1 in whom follow-up data were available, post-treatment serum @entity1391 and @entity10692 levels improved in the setting of stable mild @entity177 ; only one @entity1 developed @entity454 after 20 years, suggesting that these @entity1 do not invariably progress rapidly to @entity177 . CONCLUSIONS: Regardless of the underlying cause, @entity4772 associated with adult acquired @entity4434 appears to respond well to @entity460 , @entity1391 , and @entity560 replacement. These @entity1 do not appear to necessarily require @entity10692 replacement.

title: @entity4772 associated with XXXX : clinical and diagnostic features.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back bone pain']

entities_list: @entity4772 :: ('MESH:D010018', 'Disease') :: ['Osteomalacia', 'osteomalacia']

entities_list: @entity10692 :: ('MESH:C097949', 'Chemical') :: ['1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3528 :: ('MESH:D006962', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone demineralization']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['chronic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['monoclonal disorders']

entities_list: @entity4434 :: ('MESH:D005198', 'Disease') :: ["adult Fanconi's syndrome", "Fanconi's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity4434 :: (MESH:D005198,Disease) :: ['adult Fanconi's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the @entity980 in ear nose and throat and make correct diagnosis. METHOD: 17 @entity1 with @entity980 in ear nose and throat were investigated. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Among 17 @entity1 with @entity980 , three @entity1 were in stage I, four @entity1 were in stage II, eight @entity1 were in stage III and two @entity1 were in stage IV. It is the commonest in nose and predisposed to male. The clinic presentations were related to the size and location of @entity5 . Comprehensive therapy was need in most of @entity1 . Poor prognosis was noted in this disease. CONCLUSION: This disease is easy to misdiagnose. Early diagnosis and comprehensive therapy will make contribution to better prognosis.

title: [Clinical analysis of 17 cases XXXX in ear nose and throat].

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: The study of the natural history of @entity5419 is hindered by the lack of a reliable method of diagnosing @entity5419 except through oral challenge. This need raises a conflict between the need to document continued sensitivity and the effects of these repeated challenges not only on the natural history but also on the immediate induction of symptoms especially in the highly sensitive @entity1 . Despite this difficulty, a number of investigators have provided data on a total of 177 @entity1 and @entity1 who were subjected to repeated challenges. In only a few reports were these repeated challenges carried out in rigorous double-blind protocol. When the challenges were repeated, the results did not differ from the group as a whole. These studies agree that the prognosis in @entity5419 is excellent, with 60% to 73% of @entity1 losing their food sensitivity in the first year and 26% to 53% of older @entity1 eventually remitting. The specific food causing symptoms (egg, milk, soy, etc) affected the prognosis but the intensity of IgE-mediated sensitization as indicated by skin testing or RAST did not. The data regarding the loss of immunologic tests as symptoms subsided differed from study to study. This may be due to the age at which @entity1 were first studied varied widely or because the compliance with dietary restrictions in the various studies varied. Finally, a large majority of @entity1 developed respiratory symptoms to inhalant allergens at the same time their food-related symptoms disappeared.

title: Prospective studies in the natural history of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

answer: @entity5419 :: (MESH:D005512,Disease) :: ['food allergy']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bare-metal stents are used to treat arterial stenotic lesions. Morbidity and mortality are less important compared with other techniques. @entity661 are often used to treat stent @entity850 . We reported the case of a bare-metal stent infection after drug-eluting balloon and a review on the subject. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Two weeks after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with @entity1311 -eluting balloon and a bare-metal stent, our @entity1 presented an infection of the stent. Diagnosis was based on the clinical presentation, positron emission tomography findings and isolation of @entity31048 in repeated blood cultures. Adapted antibiotic therapy was given for three months with removal of the surgical bare-stent. Antibiotic therapy was interrupted after a second positron emission tomography. A literature search (PubMed and Cochrane) was performed on the subject. RESULTS: We found 49  cases of peripheral bare-metal stent infection including our @entity1 . This is a rare but serious complication with a high morbidity (25% amputation rate) and mortality (30%). It seems to be underestimated. Treatment is based on surgical ablation of the bare-metal stent and intravenous antibiotics. The role of the @entity1311 -eluting balloon is not clearly established but some authors believe that it can produce a local immunosuppression. CONCLUSION: We report the first case of bare-metal stent infection after @entity1311 -eluting balloon. This complication is rare and difficult to diagnose. Manifestations are often limited to skin signs. Functional and vital prognosis is poor.

title: [ XXXX bare-metal stent infection after drug-eluting balloon].

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['Drug-eluting balloons']

entities_list: @entity31048 :: ('33011', 'Species') :: ['Propionibacterium granulosum']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity31048 :: (33011,Species) :: ['Propionibacterium granulosum']


abstract: @entity6237 , a new antiarrhythmic agent, was given orally to 11 hospitalized @entity1 with chronic high-frequency @entity1540 . Drug effectiveness was evaluated with a dose-ranging single-blind protocol, which included placebo control and washout periods. Twice-daily dosing (average daily dose 436 mg) completely suppressed all @entity1540 activity in five of 11 @entity1 ; average suppression in the 11 @entity1 was 96.3%. Complex @entity943 , which were present in all 11 @entity1 during the placebo control period, were completely suppressed in eight @entity1 and markedly suppressed in the other three @entity1 during @entity6237 therapy. Ejection fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening measured by M-mode echocardiography did not change significantly during @entity6237 dosing. @entity943 returned in all @entity1 during the placebo washout period. During subsequent outpatient therapy with @entity6237 , significant suppression was present after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment (94.4% and 93.3%, respectively). Drug elimination was slow (average plasma half-life 20 hours). Ninety-five percent suppression of @entity1540 during dosing and 5% reappearance of @entity943 during washout occurred with @entity6237 concentrations of 200-800 ng/ml. Side effects occurred in five of 11 @entity1 , but did not require discontinuation of the drug. These results indicate that @entity6237 is a very effective antiarrhythmic agent that merits further clinical investigation.

title: Suppression of @entity1540 by XXXX , a new antiarrhythmic agent.

entities_list: @entity6237 :: ('MESH:D005424', 'Chemical') :: ['flecainide', 'Flecainide acetate']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'Ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopic', 'ventricular ectopic depolarization', 'ventricular ectopic depolarizations']

answer: @entity6237 :: (MESH:D005424,Chemical) :: ['flecainide acetate']


abstract: @entity4037 represent a significant challenge to surgeons. We hypothesized that a wide underlay technique in combination with a novel biologic mesh would result in repair with a low recurrence rate. Medical records of @entity1 undergoing ventral herniorrhaphy with XenMatrix biologic mesh were evaluated. All @entity1 were evaluated for @entity547 immediately and after 2 to 3 years. There were 57 @entity1 included in the study. The overall recurrence rate was 7.2 per cent; however, all recurrences were early and were likely technical failures. The average duration of follow-up was 30.6 months with no further recurrences after the early technical failures. The average number of previous recurrences was 1.5. Fascial closure was obtained over the mesh in 84 per cent of @entity1 , with component separation being necessary in 36 per cent of @entity1 . Lack of fascial reapproximation over the mesh was associated with early recurrence (0 vs 55%, P < 0.0001). @entity4037 can be repaired with a low recurrence rate. Our technique in combination with the XenMatrix biologic mesh provides for durable repair. Whenever possible, the fascia should be closed above the underlay mesh, because this technique provides a more durable repair than using the mesh as a "fascial bridge".

title: Repair of high-risk incisional XXXX and traumatic abdominal wall defects with porcine mesh.

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Complex ventral hernias']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernia recurrence both']

answer: @entity547 :: (MESH:D006547,Disease) :: ['hernias']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: DD-Carboxypeptidases (DD-CPases) are low-molecular mass (LMM) @entity114 -binding proteins (PBPs) that are mainly involved in the peptidoglycan remodelling, but little is known about the DD-CPases of mycobacteria. In this study a putative DD-CPase of @entity7666 , MSMEG_2433 has been characterized. The gene for the membrane-bound form of MSMEG_2433 was cloned and expressed in @entity526 in its active form as revealed by its ability to bind to the @entity71672 (fluorescent @entity114 ). Interestingly, in vivo expression of MSMEG_2433 could restore the cell-shape oddities of the septuple PBP mutant of @entity526 , which was a prominent physiological character of DD-CPases. Moreover, expression of MSMEG_2433 in trans, elevated the @entity3405 resistance in the PBP deletion mutants (   dacAdacC) of @entity526 that strengthened its physiology as a DD-CPase. To confirm the biochemical reason behind such physiological behaviours, soluble form of MSMEG_2433 (sMSMEG_2433) was created, expressed and purified. In agreement to the observed physiological phenomena, the sMSMEG_2433 exhibited the DD-CPase activity against artificial and peptidoglycan-mimetic DD-CPase substrate. To our surprise, enzymatic analyses of MSMEG_2433 revealed the efficient deacylation for @entity3405 substrates at physiological pH, which is a unique character of beta-lactamases. In addition to the MSMEG_2433 active-site that favours DD-CPase activity, in silico analyses also predicted the presence of an omega-loop like region in MSMEG_2433, which is an important determinant of its @entity14474 activity. Based on the in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies we conclude that MSMEG_2433 is a dual enzyme, possessing both DD-CPase and @entity14474 activities.

title: A putative low-molecular mass (LMM) XXXX -binding protein (PBP) of @entity7666 exhibits prominent physiological characters of DD-Carboxypeptidase and @entity14474 .

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity7666 :: ('1772', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium smegmatis']

entities_list: @entity71672 :: ('MESH:C118961', 'Chemical') :: ['Bocillin-FL']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: The present study investigated the influence of trophic factors on the expression of @entity2072 - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide (CARTp) in @entity840 cardiac ganglia maintained in explant culture. In acutely isolated @entity299 , <1% of the cholinergic cardiac neurons exhibited CARTp immunoreactivity. In contrast, this number increased to >25% of the cardiac neurons after 72 h in explant culture. This increase in the number of CARTp neurons in cultured @entity299 was accompanied by an increase in CARTp transcript levels as assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Treatment of @entity299 with neurturin or glial-derived trophic factor (both at 10 ng/ml) for 72 h prevented the increase in neurons that exhibited CARTp immunoreactivity. In contrast, treatment with @entity71990 (50 ng/ml) for 72 h produced a small significant increase in the percentage of CARTp-immunoreactive cardiac neurons and treatment with nerve growth factor (100 ng/ml) had no effect. @entity71991 treatment also decreased cardiac neuron CARTp levels after 72 h in explant culture. Cardiac neurons exhibited immunoreactivity to the neurturin receptor GFRalpha2 whereas non-neural cells preferentially exhibited immunoreactivity to the glial-derived neurotrophic factor receptor GFRalpha1 and neurturin transcripts were detected in cardiac tissue extracts. We hypothesize that a target-derived inhibitory factor, very likely neurturin, is a critical factor suppressing the expression of CARTp in @entity840 cardiac neurons. These observations contrast with those reported in sympathetic neurons that suggest up-regulation of trophic factors after axotomy or during explant culture is a key factor contributing to the up-regulation of many neuropeptides.

title: Trophic factor modulation of XXXX - and @entity4944 -regulated transcript peptide expression in explant cultured @entity840 cardiac neurons.

entities_list: @entity71991 :: ('MESH:D051101', 'Chemical') :: ['Neurturin']

entities_list: @entity71990 :: ('100724905', 'Gene') :: ['ciliary neurotrophic factor']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac ganglia preparations', 'cardiac ganglia cultures', 'cardiac ganglia explants']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the King's College Hospital (KCH) selection criteria for emergency liver transplantation in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 are widely used, strategies to improve sensitivity and facilitate earlier transplantation are required. We investigated the use of arterial blood @entity880 measurement for the identification of transplantation candidates. METHODS: In a single-centre study, we measured arterial blood @entity880 early (median 4 h) and after fluid resuscitation (median 12 h) in @entity1 admitted to a tertiary-referral intensive-care unit. Threshold values that best identified individuals likely to die without transplantation were derived in a retrospective initial sample of 103 @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 and applied to a prospective validation sample of 107 @entity1 . Predictive value and speed of identification were compared with those of KCH criteria. FINDINGS: In the initial sample, median @entity880 was significantly higher in non-surviving @entity1 than in survivors both in the early samples (8.5 [range 1.7--21.0] vs 1.4 [0.53--7.9] mmol/L, p<0.0001) and after fluid resuscitation (5.5 [1.3--18.6] vs 1.3 [0.26--3.2], p<0.0001). Applied to the validation sample, a threshold value of 3.5 mmol/L early after admission had sensitivity 67%, specificity 95%, positive likelihood ratio 13, and negative likelihood ratio 0.35; the corresponding values for a threshold of 3.0 mmol/L after fluid resuscitation were 76%, 97%, 30, and 0.24. Combined early and postresuscitation @entity880 concentrations had similar predictive ability to KCH criteria but identified non-surviving @entity1 earlier (4 [3--13] vs 10 [3.5--19.5] h, p=0.01). Addition of postresuscitation @entity880 concentration to KCH criteria increased sensitivity from 76% to 91% and lowered negative likelihood ratio from 0.25 to 0.10. INTERPRETATION: Arterial blood @entity880 measurement rapidly and accurately identifies @entity1 who will die from @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . Its use could improve the speed and accuracy of selection of appropriate candidates for transplantation.

title: Blood XXXX as an early predictor of outcome in @entity1443 -induced @entity879 : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactate']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the course of @entity1596 activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period in @entity1 with @entity1596 . DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 with @entity1596 and pregnancy during follow-up at a large eye hospital were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with pregnancy were included in the study if follow-up was adequate to document the presence or absence of flare-ups in @entity1596 activity during the pregnancy and/or postpartum period. RESULTS: Seventy-six pregnancies among 50 @entity1 were included in the study. Thirty-three pregnancies were in @entity1 with @entity7375 , 19 were in @entity1 with @entity2403 , and 24 were in @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1596 . A flare-up in @entity1596 activity occurred within the first 4 months of pregnancy in 49 of 76 cases (64%) and later in pregnancy in 17 cases (22%); no flare-up occurred during pregnancy in 21 cases (28%). An @entity2099 flare-up was typical of @entity7375 and idiopathic @entity1596 . A flare-up within 6 months of delivery occurred in 38 of 59 cases (64%) that had adequate examination data available from the postpartum period. The postpartum flare-up was especially typical of @entity2403 . CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity1 with @entity1596 will experience a flare-up in disease activity within the first 4 months of pregnancy. Later pregnancy appears to be a time of relative disease inactivity. Many will experience a rebound in activity within 6 months of delivery.

title: XXXX and pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['uveitis', 'uveitis disease', 'noninfectious uveitis']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease']

entities_list: @entity2403 :: ('MESH:D001528', 'Disease') :: ['Behcet disease']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['Noninfectious uveitis']


abstract: In the present study, @entity5157 venom ( @entity9624 ) was tested for its ability to cause ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of @entity35 adrenal cortex in vivo. In order to achieve this goal, different @entity9624 treatments were performed and the effects were quantified on transmission electron micrographs. In a first experimental group, @entity9624 injected for 30 days in low daily doses (700  g/kg) generated important ultrastructural changes in zona fasciculata. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was not affected, but the diameters of mitochondrial cristae (MC) were reduced (57.066    7.795 nm) as compared to the MC diameters in the corresponding control groups (58.596    6.603 nm, and 58.503    5.708 nm). In adrenal glands collected from @entity35 injected with a single, high dose of @entity9624 (62 mg/kg), many ultrastructural changes were described. Mitochondria with normal, tubular MC (with diameter of 58.711    5.907 nm) were observed in many cells, very close to the values calculated for the corresponding control group (58.639    6.117 nm). However, the striking data reported herein concerned the ability of @entity9624 high doses to promote dramatic alterations in the ultrastructure of these particular mitochondria, similar to those described in certain severe diseases. Thus, several types of abnormal mitochondria were observed, including mitochondria displaying lamellar and/or circular, concentric cristae and mitochondria devoid of cristae. The abnormal circular, concentric MC, with large inner (281.904    158.588 nm) and outer (432.076    230.372 nm) diameters, appeared to be the most stable form of MC in the adrenal cortex after the acute treatment with @entity9624 . Among other ultrastructural aspects, these important changes indicated a high level of @entity137 of @entity9624 in adrenocortical cells following in vivo experimental @entity4968 .

title: Abnormal mitochondrial cristae were experimentally generated by high doses of @entity5157 venom in the XXXX adrenal cortex.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity5157 :: ('7460', 'Species') :: ['Apis mellifera']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Although well established as a marker of mesothelial cells, calretinin is also expressed in several other tissue types, including adipose tissue. Accordingly, immunohistochemical staining for calretinin has been described in an increasing number of @entity5 other than @entity2615 . A detailed analysis of calretinin expression in lipogenic @entity5 has not yet been reported, however. Given the known expression patterns of calretinin in normal tissues, we predicted that calretinin immunoreactivity would be detected in @entity362 and the various histologic subtypes of @entity1821 , and that this marker might be of use in the differential diagnosis of selected @entity362 . A variety of pleomorphic and small round cell @entity242 were studied for comparison. Calretinin immunoreactivity was detected, at least focally, in all 10 samples of normal adipose tissue and in 22 of 23 @entity362 or @entity362 variants. Staining for calretinin was also positive within the lipogenic component of 28 of 29 @entity1821 variants. Of the 7 dedifferentiated @entity1821 , 3 were focally positive for calretinin. Pleomorphic variants of other @entity242 , including undifferentiated high-grade @entity242 , @entity980 , @entity1822 , and @entity808 also exhibited focal calretinin immunoreactivity in a minority of cases, as did some small round cell @entity242 . These results suggest that calretinin immunoreactivity in normal and neoplastic adipose tissue is more ubiquitous than previously reported and may be a useful, albeit nonspecific marker of lipogenic differentiation. However, its utility in the differential diagnosis of @entity362 appears limited.

title: Calretinin expression in XXXX of adipose tissue.

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'pleomorphic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity362 :: ('MESH:D008067', 'Disease') :: ['lipoma', 'lipomas', 'fatty tumors']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1821 :: ('MESH:D008080', 'Disease') :: ['liposarcomas', 'liposarcoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: Evaluation of: Aguilar D, Chan W, Bozkurt B, Ramasubbu K, Deswal A. @entity2449 use and mortality in ambulatory @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity712 . Circ. Heart Fail. 4(1), 53-58 (2010). @entity2449 has long been the cornerstone of therapy for glycemic control in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 worldwide. It is recommended as first-line therapy by all major @entity6 clinical practice guidelines owing to its efficacy, favorable tolerability profile and beneficial effects in limiting @entity1017 . Moreover, @entity2449 is the only oral anthyperglycemic agent shown in randomized controlled trials to reduce mortality in newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . However, the use of @entity2449 has not been without controversy, in particular in @entity1 with @entity712 . This article will review a recent observational study by Aguilar et al. published in Circulation - Heart Failure that reported improved outcomes associated with @entity2449 therapy in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity712 .

title: Wrongfully accused: XXXX use in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1148 can follow surgery and has occasionally been observed after major orthopaedic surgery. The aim of the present study was to ascertain the platelet count (PLTC) change in @entity1 admitted to a rehabilitation unit after major joint surgery and whether @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) and poor outcomes occurred in those who had @entity1148 . METHOD: PLTC, red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), @entity2002 , and D-dimers were assessed in @entity1 on admission and at discharge after major joint surgery. Functional outcomes were ascertained using the Barthel Scale (BS), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and gait evaluation. @entity1148 was considered to have occurred when PLTC was greater than or equal to 500 * 100(9)/L. All subjects with @entity1148 had ultrasonography to assess @entity1150 occurrence. The @entity1 were divided into "young" and "old" groups according to an age cut-off of 75  years to investigate potential age-related differences. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-five @entity1 were identified and 142 (36  M and 106  F, mean age 77.2        10.7) were enrolled. Seventy-six (53.5%) underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA), 40 (51.1%) underwent hip internal fixation and 26 (18.3%) subjects underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The young and old groups included 60 and 82 @entity1 , respectively. Fifty-nine (42.4%) @entity1 had PLTC above 400 * 100(9)/L. Of these, 28 (20.1%) had @entity1148 with PLTC above 500 * 100(9)/L, and 15 of them (10.7%) had very high values above 600 * 100(9)/L. Increased levels of @entity2002 and D-dimers were also detected. No subject with @entity1148 had @entity1150 . Outcome was not affected by PLTC. At discharge, significant improvement in all functional assessments was observed in young compared to old @entity1 ; gait: 2.9        0.2 vs. 2.2        0.8; BS: 97        6.9 vs. 70.5        25.6; and FIM: 116.4        10.9 vs. 83.6        31.2 (p   <   0.004), respectively. BS and FIM mean scores were positively correlated with Hb level. CONCLUSION: Elevated PLTC and @entity1148 were not uncommon in @entity1 after major joint surgery, but no subject developed @entity1150 . Platelet count change did not affect the outcome. Higher age and lower haemoglobin level correlated with poorer functional recovery.

title: XXXX after hip and knee surgery in the rehabilitation setting: is it an occasional phenomenon? Relationship with @entity1150 and functional outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytosis', 'thrombocytosis']

answer: @entity1148 :: (MESH:D013922,Disease) :: ['Thrombocytosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity4537 frequently presents a management challenge. Nonhealing wounds with poor response to conventional wound management therapy represent a significant cause of disability, affecting approximately 1% of the global population. Activated @entity3790 is a @entity563 protease with anticoagulant, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties that has shown efficacy in @entity1 for the treatment of severe @entity295 . We report 4 cases of nonhealing @entity4537 that were treated with activated @entity3790 . OBSERVATIONS: The study included 4 @entity1 whose wounds were not improving despite standard wound treatment for 4 months or more. Activated @entity3790 was applied topically to their wounds once weekly for 4 weeks. All 4 @entity1 showed a rapid positive response to treatment that was maintained during a 4-month follow-up period. The treatment was well tolerated, with no remarkable adverse effects or complications. CONCLUSIONS: Activated @entity3790 can stimulate wound healing in @entity1 with @entity4537 that are refractory to conventional wound-healing therapies. The likely mechanism of action is its recognized ability to stimulate angiogenesis and reepithelialization and to inhibit @entity32 . Activated @entity3790 has potential as a therapeutic option for @entity1 with @entity4537 .

title: Treatment of chronic leg ulcers with topical activated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity4537 :: ('MESH:D012883', 'Disease') :: ['lower limb skin ulcers', 'chronic skin ulcers', 'skin ulcers']

answer: @entity3790 :: (5624,Gene) :: ['protein C']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity16503 is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor used to treat @entity1067 . @entity16503 lowers @entity1486 levels, which may lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity263 ( @entity263 ). This study investigated @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsy (PBx) while receiving @entity16503 to investigate whether this agent affects the diagnosis and treatment of @entity263 . @entity1 AND METHODS: PBx was performed on six @entity1 receiving @entity16503 for > 3 months at our medical institutions between January 2010 and June 2013. No @entity1 underwent PBx before @entity16503 administration. We performed PBx both for @entity1 with high initial @entity1486 levels and for those with elevated @entity1486 levels with or without initial @entity1486 decline after @entity16503 administration. We also investigated clinicopathological findings. RESULTS: Mean age at the start of administration was 69.5    5.9 years (range, 59-77 years), mean duration of administration was 14.1    7.4 months (range, 4.0-23.5 months), mean prostate volume at the start of administration was 70.4    30.7 ml (range, 18.8-104.6 ml), and mean @entity1486 level at the start of administration was 7.7    3.3 ng/ml (range, 4.9-14.2 ng/ml). @entity1486 density was 0.098    0.045 ng/ml/cm3 (range, 0.042-0.181 ng/ml/cm3), and @entity1486 level at PBx was 5.4    2.7 ng/ml (range, 2.5-10.7 ng/ml). We detected three @entity263 @entity1 , and clinical stage in each case was cT1cN0M0. Radical retropubic prostatectomy was performed in two cases, and @entity342 -deprivation therapy was performed in one case. CONCLUSION: All @entity263 were detected in the early clinical stage. No delays in detection or treatment of @entity263 were seen in any cases. Careful observation of @entity1486 levels is simple and useful for detecting @entity263 in @entity1 under @entity16503 administration.

title: [CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF PROSTATE BIOPSY IN @entity1 RECEIVING XXXX FOR BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity16503 :: ('MESH:C108373', 'Chemical') :: ['Dutasteride', 'dutasteride']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity16503 :: (MESH:C108373,Chemical) :: ['DUTASTERIDE']


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the last 20 years, survival rates of @entity135 @entity1 in the United States and Europe have plateaued. To determine the factors that can reduce mortality rates, we examined changes in clinical presentation and survival rates across 24 years of treatment of @entity135 @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study of @entity1 with @entity135 was conducted from January 1, 1975, to December 31, 1998. We identified 2143 eligible @entity1 with @entity1544 , oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx. Changes in gender, clinical stage, and therapy were evaluated separately for each site of @entity5 across five consecutive periods. Probability of dying and overall survival rates were estimated. Odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios were calculated. RESULTS: An increase in T1 versus T2 or higher stage @entity189 was more probable for the oral cavity and larynx (OR = 4.1 and 3.0, respectively) in the last versus the earliest period. An increase in radical treatments was more probable for @entity189 of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx (10.2, 34.8, 12.5, and 2.1-fold, respectively) in the last versus the earliest period. A decreasing trend of probability of dying from the first @entity135 during the 1970s versus the 1990s was found. The overall survival rates at 5 years was 32% in 1975-1978 versus 51% in 1989-1993. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with survival rates in the United States and Europe, our findings show a significant increase in overall survival rates during the last 20 years. This increase is attributable to changes in diagnostic-therapeutic approaches and to early consultation with a physician for symptoms arising in the head and neck region.

title: Changes in presentation and survival of XXXX in Northeastern Italy, 1975-1998.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: Adverse effects of resuscitation due to closed-chest cardiac massage are common, and the incidence is increased when an incorrect technique is used. Nevertheless, thrombolytic therapy of a @entity583 can become necessary even after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In these @entity1 , the risk of thrombolytic therapy-induced @entity548 is immanent. CASE REPORTS. Within 9 months, two male @entity1 aged 44 and 52 years were admitted to the intensive care unit after out-of-hospital CPR for @entity583 with @entity1167 . In both cases, thrombolytic therapy was undertaken due to the cardiovascular situation or echocardiographic results. Thrombolytic therapy was successful with regard to the ECG changes, but a few hours later both @entity1 demonstrated increasing cardiovascular instability. After abdominal sonography, @entity548 was suspected. Emergency laparotomy became unavoidable, although the coagulation profile was severely impaired in both @entity1 (Tables 1 and 2). Anaesthetic management was characterised by introduction of central venous and intra-arterial catheters, replacement of volume and @entity26 carriers using large-bore IV lines, restoration of coagulation factors with fresh frozen plasma, and the choice of "modified neuroleptanaesthesia" with blood pressure-adjusted, small doses of @entity3575 , @entity1363 , and @entity6305 . Intraoperatively, a @entity99 due to closed-chest cardiac massage was found in both cases. The postoperative courses were complicated by respiratory problems, which led to prolonged mechanical ventilation, but both @entity1 survived without remarkable @entity51 . CONCLUSION. In @entity1 with thrombolytic therapy after CPR and persisting cardio-vascular instability, a resuscitation injury with consequent @entity548 should be suspected. For diagnosis, chest X-ray films and abdominal and thoracic sonography are useful and practicable, even at the bedside. Anaesthetic management should focus on adequate monitoring, replacement of volume and @entity26 carriers, fast restoration of @entity3459 , and careful, blood pressure-adjusted maintenance of anaesthesia.

title: [ @entity548 after XXXX with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and thrombolytic therapy].

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal bleeding', 'haemorrhagic shock', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['plasma coagulation']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity6305 :: ('MESH:D010197', 'Chemical') :: ['pancuronium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: DNA linkage studies of @entity1 @entity74 have led to rapid characterization of a number of otherwise intractable disease loci. Detection of a linked DNA marker, the first step in "reverse genetics", has permitted cloning of the genes for @entity1555 , @entity995 and chronic @entity66 , among others. Thus, the case for applying these techniques to @entity6391 and @entity66 , and the urgency in capitalizing on molecular developments, is justified and compelling. The first major success regarding @entity6391 was in demonstrating linkage of the DNA marker DXS7 (L1.28) to XRP. For autosomal forms of the disease, conventional linkage studies have provided tentative evidence for linkage of @entity20034 to the Rh blood group on chromosome lp and for linkage of @entity15439 to Gc and 4q. These provisional assignments are, at least, an important starting point for DNA analysis. The Support Program for DNA Linkage Studies of @entity989 was established to provide access for the scientific community to appropriate families, using the resources of the @entity1 Genetic Mutant Cell Repository to prepare, store and distribute lymphoblast lines. To date, two extensive, well-characterized families are included in the program: the autosomal dominant @entity6391 family UCLA-RP01, and the @entity15439 families LSU-US01. It is highly likely that rapid progress will be made in mapping and characterizing the @entity1105 . We believe the support program will facilitate this progress.

title: DNA linkage studies of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatosis disease', 'related diseases']

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ["Usher's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1105 :: ('MESH:D058499', 'Disease') :: ['inherited retinal dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa', 'RP']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic diseases']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Degenerative Retinal Diseases']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['degenerative retinal diseases']


abstract: There are two delta-crystallin genes (delta 1 and delta 2) in the @entity1573 which are oriented with the same transcriptional polarity (5' delta 1-delta 2-3') and are separated by approximately 4.2 kb of DNA. Existing evidence indicates that delta 1 is very active in the embryonic lens; in contrast, delta 2 appears very inactive, if expressed at all. We have sequenced the 5' regions of delta 1 and delta 2 and tested their ability to promote @entity2755 acetyltransferase (CAT) activity using the pSVO-CAT expression vector in transfected embryonic lens epithelia. The sequence data establish that the previously reported delta-crystallin cDNAs were derived from mRNAs encoded in delta 1 and not in delta 2. The transfection experiments indicated that the delta 1 promoter is appreciably stronger than the delta 2 promoter. Interestingly, a consensus CCAAT sequence (position - 71) and two consensus viral core-enhancer-like sequences (positions - 308 and +350) are confined to the more active, delta 1 gene. delta 1 and delta 2 have similar TATA boxes (TAAAA) at positions - 28 and - 27, respectively. Exon 1 in delta 1 (35 bp) and in delta 2 (34 bp) are extremely homologous, containing just two mismatches; exon 2 in delta 1 (64 bp) and in delta 2 (51 bp) are only 56% homologous and contain the putative translation initiating codon and three encoded @entity1522 . Unexpectedly, intron 1 of both genes has numerous pentameric repeats present in the @entity19 immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch regions (GAGCT, GGGGT and GGGCT). Other direct repeats were found in delta 1 and delta 2, and short homologies were noted between the @entity1573 delta-crystallin and @entity19 alpha A-crystallin genes.

title: Structural and functional evidence for differential promoter activity of the two linked delta-crystallin genes in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: AIM: To establish the incidence of the axillary lymph node @entity3 in @entity0 and some anatomo-clinical correlations useful for surgical act orientation. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The data from 450 @entity1 , who underwent surgery for @entity0 between 2000 and 2007, were analyzed statistically according to some parameters: the age of the @entity1 , the size and the location of the @entity5 , the hystopathological type, the elapsed time from the discovery of the @entity5 until surgery. RESULTS: The tumoral stage was: stage 0--1.1%, I--7.11%, II--50.67%, III--33.78%, IV--7.33%. From the total amount of @entity1 who underwent surgery, only 56.44% had axillary lymph node @entity3 . The @entity1 in the forth decade of life had more frequently axillary lymph node involvement, and also those from rural habitat (65.88%). The correlation between @entity5 dimension and lymph node involvement was: <2 cm--1.36%, 2-5 cm--48.71%, >5 cm--86.67%. The palpation of the armpit was associated in almost a quarter of cases with false negative or false positive diagnosis. There are a lot of locally advanced cases without axillary lymph node @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Axillary lymph node status is strongly correlated with the @entity5 dimension and the elapsed time between diagnosis and treatment. The numerous cases of axillary lymphadenectomy without lymph node @entity3 (43.55%), even in locally advanced cases, advocate for a wider application of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy, to avoid the pathology associated with those axillary dissections.

title: [Axillary lymph node XXXX in @entity0 . Anatomo-clinical correlation and surgical approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity648 exerts anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which may beneficially influence the development of @entity209 . A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based glycoprotein biomarker, designated GlycA, whose signal originates from several glycosylated acute-phase proteins, has been recently developed. We tested whether plasma GlycA is associated with @entity648 in subjects with and without @entity6 . DESIGN AND METHODS: GlycA (NMR spectroscopy), high sensitivity @entity1851 (hs-CRP) and @entity648 were measured in 58 fasting subjects with @entity6 and in 63 subjects without @entity6 (including 65 subjects with @entity6 ). RESULTS: GlycA and hs-CRP were higher, coinciding with lower @entity648 in @entity6 (p<0.01 for each). In all subjects combined, GlycA was strongly correlated with hs-CRP (r=0.631, p<0.001). Age-, sex- and @entity6 status-adjusted multivariable linear regression analysis demonstrated that GlycA and hs-CRP were both associated positively with the presence of @entity6 (b=0.256, p=0.014 and b=0.259, p=0.012, respectively). GlycA and hs-CRP were negatively related to @entity648 (b=-0.258, p=0.007 and b=-0.305, p<0.001, respectively), independent of @entity6 (p>0.05 for each) and @entity6 status (p>0.50 for each). CONCLUSIONS: GlycA is elevated in @entity6 , and may represent a quantitative measure of a pro-inflammatory state. Increased levels of glycosylated acute-phase proteins are associated with lower @entity648 in @entity6 .

title: A pro-inflammatory glycoprotein biomarker is associated with lower @entity648 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['cardio-metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin', 'Bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['MetS', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity209 :: (MESH:D008659,Disease) :: ['metabolic syndrome']


abstract: Twenty-eight consecutive adult @entity1 with locally advanced (inoperable) or metastatic soft tissue @entity242 were treated with a chemotherapy regimen (CADOM) including @entity786 , ADR, and DTIC on Day 1 of each course, and @entity1891 with intermediate-dose @entity1499 (200 mg/m2) on Day 15 followed by leucovorin rescue. Twenty-four of the @entity1 were evaluable for response and @entity137 . Three (13%) achieved a CR after chemotherapy and 6 (25%) a PR. Two of the PRs were converted to CR after surgical @entity41 . All five @entity1 achieving a CR are alive 12 to 30 months after beginning chemotherapy. Median survival of @entity1 achieving a PR was 18 months and of @entity1 achieving an MR was 7 months. Three of five @entity1 with @entity242 arising from the female genitalia achieved a CR. No treatment-related @entity204 occurred. There were five instances of @entity1431 and @entity221 . @entity1209 , and @entity1665 were common. @entity3136 , @entity21665 , @entity8442 , and @entity1897 were occasionally observed. The addition of @entity1499 did not improve the response rate when compared with our previous CYV ADIC protocol.

title: @entity786 , adriamycin, DTIC and @entity1891 with XXXX in the treatment of @entity242 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['removal of residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity8442 :: ('MESH:D007418', 'Disease') :: ['paralytic ileus']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity21665 :: ('MESH:D009120', 'Disease') :: ['muscle cramps']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: AIMS: Psychopathology has been studied in @entity1 with @entity302 or @entity302 in the context of diagnosis and treatment. Unfortunately, most PNES studies include few males and do not consider possible gender differences, making findings less generalizable to males with PNES. In this study we specifically compare males with PNES to females with PNES and to males with @entity302 . METHODS: Males with PNES (n=58), males with @entity302 (n=86), females with PNES (n=147), and females with @entity2828 (n=142) were evaluated on an inpatient @entity302 monitoring unit. Self-reported objective measures of psychopathology, demographics, and PNES @entity410 semiology were compared. RESULTS: Personality Assessment Inventory profiles revealed marked differences, particularly in somatic symptoms, between PNES and @entity302 . Females with PNES had higher levels of physiological @entity308 but lower antisocial features. Males with PNES who had clinically significant elevations on the somatic complaints scale were much more likely to have motor @entity410 while females with PNES classified similarly were equally likely to have either motor or non-motor events. CONCLUSION: Gender difference in PNES @entity410 semiology was associated with whether or not clinically significant somatic symptoms were present; males with elevated somatic symptoms were much more likely to have motor PNES. However, we did not find evidence of greater psychopathology in males with PNES compared to females with PNES. Gender differences in the behavioral manifestation of PNES in the context of presence or absence of somatization may have implications for diagnosis and treatment.

title: XXXX semiology in males with psychogenic @entity410 is associated with somatic complaints.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Seizure']


abstract: Voiding function was studied after repair of anterior @entity2650 in 44 @entity1 using Duckett's technique of meatoplasty and glanuloplasty. Assessment of the urinary stream was done in 2 ways. At least 6 weeks postoperatively a uroflow measurement using a DISA rotating disk machine was done. Peak flow was compared to previously prepared normal values in a large group of normal @entity1 . Then, a high speed picture of the stream was taken using electronic video photography at the time of peak flow. Of the @entity1 42 had normal flow rates and 40 had acceptable stream patterns. The only complication was @entity850 in 2 cases. There were no fistulas. Although the primary indication for correction of anterior @entity2650 is cosmetic, it is essential that function not be sacrificed to achieve this end. This study indicates that voiding function is maintained after @entity2650 repair with meatoplasty and glanuloplasty.

title: Assessment of urinary stream after repair of anterior XXXX by meatoplasty and glanuloplasty.

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['meatal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

answer: @entity2650 :: (MESH:D007021,Disease) :: ['hypospadias']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined the longterm results of arthroscopic synovectomy in @entity102 of @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: Forty-one knees of 38 @entity1 (30 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ), mean age of 42.7 +/- 15.3 years, were evaluated clinically and radiographically at a mean 8.9 years (range 5.0-12.3) after arthroscopic synovectomy. Arthroscopic synovectomies were always performed with a shaver by the same physician after failure of at least one radioactive or chemical synovectomy. Radiographs were blindly read by 2 examiners. RESULTS: At the final evaluation, the clinical results ( @entity158 , recurrent effusion) were good in 29 cases (70.7%) and poor in 12 cases (knee arthroplasty was required in 11 cases). Radiographs highlighted significant progression of @entity16 (more than one Larsen score grade) in 16 knees (39.0%). No radiographically detectable change was observed in 12 cases (29.3%), and 11 knees (26.8%) had a change of only one Larsen score grade. There was a close correlation between the Larsen score at final examination and both Larsen score and arthroscopic score for cartilage damage at baseline. Only 4 knees (22%) with grade 0 or I on preoperative radiographs had significant progression of @entity16 , compared to 12 knees (57%) with Larsen scores of 2 or 3 at baseline. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that arthroscopic synovectomy is a useful alternative treatment for @entity102 in @entity309 after failure of radiation or chemosynovectomy, and that less severely damaged joints deteriorate less rapidly after synovectomy.

title: Treatment of XXXX with arthroscopic synovectomy: longterm results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic knee synovitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain, range of motion']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic knee synovitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 are unable to synthesize @entity620 ( @entity7943 ), yet it is required as a cofactor in many critical biochemical reactions. The majority of @entity1 dietary @entity7943 is obtained from plants. In @entity958 , a @entity3006 - @entity3913 pyrophosphorylase (GMPP), @entity27965 ( @entity27965 ), catalyzes a rate-limiting step in @entity7943 synthesis: the formation of @entity3006 - @entity1 . In this study, we identified two @entity4334 sugar pyrophosphorylase-like proteins, KONJAC1 (KJC1) and KJC2, which stimulate the activity of @entity27965 . The kjc1kjc2 double mutant exhibited severe @entity4241 , indicating that KJC proteins are important for growth and development. The kjc1 mutation reduced GMPP activity to 10% of wild-type levels, leading to a 60% reduction in @entity7943 levels. On the contrary, overexpression of KJC1 significantly increased GMPP activity. The kjc1 and kjc1kjc2 mutants also exhibited significantly reduced levels of glucomannan, which is also synthesized from @entity3006 - @entity1 . Recombinant KJC1 and KJC2 enhanced the GMPP activity of recombinant @entity27965 in vitro, while KJCs did not show GMPP activity. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that the stimulation of GMPP activity occurs via interaction of KJCs with @entity27965 . These results suggest that KJCs are key factors for the generation of @entity3006 - @entity1 and affect @entity7943 level and glucomannan accumulation through the stimulation of @entity27965 GMPP activity.

title: KONJAC1 and 2 Are Key Factors for XXXX -Mannose Generation and Affect @entity620 and Glucomannan Biosynthesis in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Humans', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['l-ascorbic acid']

answer: @entity3006 :: (MESH:D006153,Chemical) :: ['GDP']


abstract: Proliferating cells express genes active in cell cycle control. The modulation of control genes and factors are required to maintain critical cell cycle activities. We used a set of monoclonal antibodies prepared against DNA-binding proteins from @entity8270 cells in immunofluorescent microscopy to screen for proteins showing cell cycle-specific staining patterns. Here, we report cloning and characterizing of a novel mitogen-inducible gene from @entity19 macrophages that predicts a cell cycle-specifically modulated nuclear protein of 38 kDa, designated p38-2G4. p38-2G4 displayed a speckled pattern of varying fluorescence intensity confined to the nucleus, but sparing the nucleoli. Strongly stained granules were observed between G1 and mid S phase, followed by a less abundant punctated arrangement toward the end of S phase, and negative fluorescence at the S/G2 transition. Thereafter, the nuclear staining reappeared. Additionally, p38-2G4 expression vanished in G0-arrested cells and was restored after release from growth arrest. p38-2G4 conserved in vertebrates by means of immunofluorescence data contains a number of putative phosphorylation sites, a cryptic nuclear localization signal, and an amphipathic helical domain. Our cDNA and its deduced @entity535 sequence is related to a @entity6739 gene encoding a 42-kDa protein that associates with curved DNA, suggesting that we have cloned the @entity19 homologue of the @entity6739 gene which defines a novel cell cycle-specifically modified and proliferation-associated nuclear protein in mammals.

title: Molecular cloning of a @entity19 cDNA encoding a novel protein, p XXXX G4, which varies with the cell cycle.

entities_list: @entity6739 :: ('4896', 'Species') :: ['S. pombe', 'Schizosaccharomyces pombe']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['38-2']


abstract: The @entity2608 , an established model of @entity26210 , was used to study hematologic and hemostatic aspects of @entity26210 and whether Mopeia (also known as Mozambique) virus induces any cellular damage in this model. Six days after subcutaneous injection of 10(3.48) plaque forming units (PFU) of @entity26211 (Josiah strain) one group of monkeys received an intravenous injection of 111In-labeled allogeneic platelets and another group received 125I-labeled alogeneic @entity2002 . @entity26211 -infected monkeys developed a severe @entity922 and typical pathology. Lassa antigen was found in most tissues using a Lassa nucleocapsid-specific monoclonal antibody. Platelet counts remained within normal limits. Platelet and @entity2002 kinetics were similar in infected and control animals. Hematologic and hemostatic changes indicate that disseminated @entity5642 plays no role in this model of @entity26210 . Levels of plasma fibronectin were reduced in Lassa-infected monkeys. Mopeia virus-infected monkeys were normothemic, aviremic, and there was no detection of Mopeia antigen in any tissues using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Mopeia virus was recovered from the spleen of one monkey. Mopeia virus was associated with hepatocellular and @entity8 .

title: Kinetic study of platelets and XXXX in @entity26211 -infected monkeys and early pathologic events in Mopeia virus-infected monkeys.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal tubular damage']

entities_list: @entity26210 :: ('MESH:D007835', 'Disease') :: ['Lassa fever']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinical illness with high viremia']

answer: @entity2002 :: (2244,Gene) :: ['fibrinogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The new antifungal triazoles @entity2059 and @entity2380 have revolutionized the treatment of @entity14937 . Both drugs have shown promising results in different dose schedules. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of single oral dose treatment with @entity2380 versus @entity2059 in @entity1 with @entity14937 . METHODS: A total of 40 @entity1 with @entity14937 were allocated randomly to group A and group B. A single dose of @entity2380 (400 mg) or @entity2059 (400 mg) was given orally to group A or group B @entity1 , respectively. @entity1 were assessed mycologically by @entity3071 and culture. Culture was done from lesional and perilesional skin to quantify growth and to observe the effect of these drugs and the persistence/reappearance of the fungus in relation to relapse at 2 and 8 weeks. Relapse was defined as reappearance or worsening of clinical signs and symptoms or positive @entity3071 /culture after initial improvement. RESULTS: Thirteen (65%) @entity1 in the @entity2380 group and 4 (20%) @entity1 in the @entity2059 group became culture negative at the end of 8 weeks. Relapse was found to be higher in the @entity2059 group compared to the @entity2380 group (60 vs. 35%). A direct correlation was found between the relapse rate and positivity of perilesional skin for Malassezia furfur. CONCLUSION: In the same dosing, @entity2380 was found to be more effective than @entity2059 ; however, both drugs were found to be safe.

title: Single-dose XXXX versus @entity2059 in @entity14937 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity14937 :: ('MESH:D014010', 'Disease') :: ['pityriasis versicolor']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']