abstract: In this study, synchronous spontaneous, independent liver and @entity5 were detected in a Bearded dragon ( @entity34450 ). The @entity5 consisted of @entity1419 as well as in situ @entity420 and two @entity652 . The biliary epithelial cells and the @entity201 showed @entity2915 -immunoreactivity for claudin-7. The gallbladder epithelial cells, its @entity652 and @entity420 showed basolateral cross-reactivity for claudin-7. We think that the humanised anti-claudin-7 antibody is a good marker for the detection of different primary cholangiocellular and @entity5 in Bearded dragons. The cholangiocytes, the @entity201 , the endothelial cells of the liver and the epithelial cells and @entity5 all showed claudin-5 cross-reactivity. The humanised anti-cytokeratin AE1-AE3 antibody showed cross-reactivity in the biliary epithelial cells, @entity201 cells, epithelial cells and @entity5 cells of the gallbladder. It seems that this humanised antibody is a useful epithelial marker for the different neoplastic lesions of epithelial cells in reptiles. The humanised anti-a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) antibody showed intense cross-reactivity in the smooth muscle cells of the hepatic vessels and in the muscle layer of the gallbladder. The portal myofibroblasts, the endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the stromal cells of the @entity201 and @entity5 were positive for a-SMA. The antibovine anti-vimentin and humanised anti-Ki-67 antibodies did not show crossreactivity in the different samples from the Bearded dragon.

title: Claudin-7-positive synchronous spontaneous @entity1419 , @entity420 and @entity652 in a Bearded dragon ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder tumours', 'multiple tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34450 :: ('103695', 'Species') :: ['Pogona vitticeps']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['membranous cross']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas of the gallbladder', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity34450 :: (103695,Species) :: ['Pogona vitticeps']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE The @entity131 Foundation recommendation regarding the timing of surgical evacuation of @entity4282 and @entity3439 is to perform the procedure as soon as possible. Indeed, faster evacuation is associated with better outcome. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study has looked at where delays in intrahospital care occurred for @entity1 suffering from traumatic intracranial mass lesions. The goals of this study were as follows: 1) to characterize the performance of a Level 1 @entity130 center in terms of delays for @entity130 , 2) to review step by step where delays occurred in @entity1 care, and 3) to propose ways to improve performance. METHODS A retrospective review was conducted covering a 5-year period of all @entity130 . Demographic data, injury severity, @entity16 , and functional outcome data were collected. The time elapsed between @entity341 ( @entity341 ) arrival and CT imaging, between CT imaging and arrival at the operating room (OR), between @entity341 arrival and OR arrival, between OR arrival and skin incision, and between @entity341 arrival and skin incision were calculated. @entity1 were also subcategorized as either having immediate life-threatening emergencies (E0) or life-threatening emergencies (E1). The operative technique was also reviewed (standard craniotomy opening vs immediate bur hole decompression followed by craniotomy). RESULTS The study included 166 @entity1 . Of these, 58 (35%) were classified into the E0 group and 108 (64.2%) into the E1 group. The median @entity341 -to-CT delay was 54 minutes with no significant difference between the E0 and the E1 groups. The median CT-to-OR time delay was 57 minutes. The median delay for the E0 group was 39 minutes and that for the E1 group was 70 minutes (p = 0.002). The median delay from @entity341 to OR arrival for @entity1 with a CT scanning done at an outside hospital was 75 minutes. The median delay from @entity341 to OR arrival was 85 minutes for the E0 group and 127 minutes for the E1 group (p < 0.0001). The median delay from OR arrival to skin incision was 35 minutes (E0: median 27 minutes; E1: median 39 minutes; p < 0.0001). The median total time elapsed between @entity341 arrival and skin incision was 150 minutes (E0: median 131 minutes; E1: median 180 minutes). Overall, only 17% of @entity1 underwent immediate bur hole decompression, but the proportion climbed to 41% in the E0 group. A lower Glasgow @entity772 Scale score was associated with a shorter delay (p = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS A long delay until surgery still exists for @entity1 requiring urgent mass lesion evacuation. Many factors contribute to this delay, including performing imaging and transfer to and preparation in the OR. Strategies can be implemented to reduce delays and improve the delivery of care.

title: Temporal delays in XXXX craniotomies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Trauma']

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['epidural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity3439 :: ('MESH:D006408', 'Disease') :: ['subdural hematomas']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological status']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['emergency trauma craniotomies', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity1661 continues to be a major cause of @entity130 admissions all over the world and contributes significantly to high morbidity and mortality. A descriptive prospective study was conducted at Bugando Medical Centre in north-western Tanzania to describe our experience on the management of @entity1661 outlining the causes, injury characteristics and treatment outcome of these @entity1 . Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS programme. A total of 396 @entity1 were studied. Male to female ratio was 3.2: 1. The median age was 28 years. More than three quarter of @entity1 sustained blunt @entity3511 . Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common cause of injury accounting for 64.9% of cases. None of our @entity1 received any pre-hospital care. The spleen was the most common injured organ in blunt @entity1661 occurring in 176 (75.9%) @entity1 , while in penetrating @entity344 was the most common in 24 (10.3%) @entity1 . One hundred twenty-four (31.3%) @entity1 had associated extra- @entity3511 of which the head/neck region (46.8%) was commonly affected. A total of 232 (58.6%) @entity1 were treated surgically with a negative laparotomy rate of 7.8%. Complication and mortality rates were 20.7% and 17.9% respectively. The age of @entity1 , presence of associated extra- @entity3511 , severity of injury (Kampala Trauma Score II  <= 6), admission Systolic Blood Pressure < 90mnHg, injury-arrival time > 24 hours and presence of postoperative complications mainly surgical site infections significantly predicted mortality (p < 0.001). The overall median length of hospital stay was 12 days. @entity1 who had severe @entity130 (KTS II  <= 6) and those with associated @entity130 stayed longer in the hospital (p < 0.001). @entity1661 resulting from RTAs is still rampant in our environment and remains a major source of morbidity and mortality. Preventive strategies should be focused on reduction of road traffic accidents, violent crimes and social conflicts.

title: XXXX experience over a two-year period at a tertiary hospital in north-western Tanzania: a prospective review of 396 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma', 'Abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['injury; gastrointestinal tract']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1661 :: (MESH:D000008,Disease) :: ['Abdominal trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We performed a phase II study of oral @entity782 , a histone and protein deacetylase inhibitor, to examine its efficacy and tolerability in @entity1 with relapsed/refractory @entity706 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In this open label phase II study (NCT00253630), @entity1 with relapsed/ @entity706 (FL), @entity1074 ( @entity1074 ), or @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ), with  <= 4 prior therapies were eligible. Oral @entity782 was administered at a dose of 200 mg twice daily on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle until progression or unacceptable @entity137 . The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR), with secondary end points of progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression, duration of response, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS: All 35 eligible @entity1 were evaluable for response. The median number of @entity782 cycles received was nine. ORR was 29% (five complete responses [CR] and five partial responses [PR]). For 17 @entity1 with FL, ORR was 47% (four CR, four PR). There were two of nine responders with @entity1074 (one CR, one PR), and no formal responders among the nine @entity1 with @entity1073 , although one @entity1 maintained stable disease for 26 months. Median PFS was 15.6 months for @entity1 with FL, 5.9 months for @entity1073 , and 18.8 months for @entity1074 . The drug was well-tolerated over long periods of treatment, with the most common grade 3 adverse events being @entity882 , @entity417 , @entity1210 , and @entity1295 . CONCLUSION: Oral @entity782 is a promising agent in FL and @entity1074 , with an acceptable safety profile. Further studies in combination with other active agents in this setting are warranted.

title: Phase II study of @entity782 for treatment of relapsed or refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['indolent lymphoma', 'refractory follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['MZL', 'marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

entities_list: @entity782 :: ('MESH:C111237', 'Chemical') :: ['vorinostat']

answer: @entity1073 :: (MESH:D020522,Disease) :: ['mantle cell lymphoma']


abstract: Although bioprosthetic heart valves offer the benefits of a natural opening and closing, better hemodynamics, and avoidance of life-long anticoagulant therapy, they nevertheless tend to fail in 10-15 years from tears and @entity730 . Several authors, including the present ones, have identified the rigid stent as a factor contributing to these failures. The ultimate solution is an artificial heart valve that has mechanical properties that allow it to move in conformity with the aortic root during the cardiac cycle, has superior hemodynamics, is nonthrombogenic, will last more than 20 years, and mitigates the need for anticoagulants. We have identified a polymer, @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) hydrogel, that has mechanical properties similar to soft tissue. The purpose of this research is to match the tensile properties of @entity939 to the porcine aortic root and to fabricate a stent prototype for a bioprosthetic heart valve with the use of the @entity939 hydrogel. Specimens of 15% w/w @entity939 were prepared by processing through 1-6 cycles of freezing (-20 degrees C) at 0.2 degrees C/min freeze rate and thawing (+20 degrees C) at different thawing rates (0.2 degrees C/min and 1 degrees C/min), for different holding times (1 and 6 h) at -20 degrees C. Subsequently tensile tests and stress-relaxation tests were conducted on the specimens. The different holding times at -20 degrees C demonstrated no difference in the result. The slower thawing rate improved the tensile properties but did not produce significant changes on the stress-relaxation properties. The nonlinear stress-strain curve for the @entity939 after the fourth freeze-thaw cycle matched the porcine aortic root within the physiological pressure range. The stress-relaxation curve for @entity939 also approximated the shape of the aortic root. The complex geometry of an artificial @entity340 was successfully injection molded. These results, in combination with other preliminary findings for biocompatibility and @entity146 , suggest that @entity939 hydrogel is a promising biomaterial for implants, catheters, and artificial skin.

title: Optimizing the tensile properties of XXXX hydrogel for the construction of a bioprosthetic @entity340 .

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue behavior']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve stent']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the treatment of @entity1187 , reduction of sympathetic stress and @entity5733 release is an important therapeutic goal. One method used to achieve this goal is @entity158 reduction through the systemic administration of analgesia. Historically, @entity1286 has been the analgesic of choice in @entity63 @entity158 . This randomized double-blind controlled trial seeks to prove the utility of @entity3575 as an alternate first-line analgesic for @entity662 in the prehospital setting. Successive @entity1 who were treated for suspected @entity63 @entity662 in the emergency medical services system were considered eligible. Once @entity662 was confirmed, @entity1 received @entity26 , @entity117 , and @entity1242 therapy. If the @entity662 continued the @entity1 was randomized in a double-blinded fashion to treatment with either @entity1286 or @entity3575 . @entity158 scale scores, necessity for additional dosing, and rate of adverse events between the groups were assessed every 5 minutes and were compared using t-testing, Fisher's Exact test, or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) where appropriate. The primary outcome of the study was incidence of @entity551 and the secondary outcome was @entity158 reduction as measured by the visual analog score and numeric rating score. A total of 207 @entity1 were randomized with 187 @entity1 included in the final analysis. Of the 187 @entity1 , 99 were in the @entity1286 group and 88 in the @entity3575 group. No statistically significant difference between the two groups with respect to @entity551 was found ( @entity1286 5.1% vs. @entity3575 0%, p = 0.06). Baseline characteristics, necessity for additional dosing, and other adverse events between the two groups were not statistically different. There were no significant differences between the changes in visual analog scores and numeric rating scale scores for @entity158 between the two groups (p = 0.16 and p = 0.15, respectively). This study supports that @entity3575 and @entity1286 are comparable in providing analgesia for @entity662 . @entity3575 appears to be a safe and effective alternative to @entity1286 for the management of @entity662 in the prehospital setting.

title: Comparison of @entity3575 and @entity1286 in the Prehospital Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic-type chest pain', 'chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5733 :: ('D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'pain', 'cardiac pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Type Chest Pain']


abstract: @entity855 turnover and glycolytic rates during isometric contraction in @entity1 have been investigated. Subjects contracted the knee extensor muscles at two-thirds maximal voluntary force to @entity1295 (mean +/- SE, 53 +/- 4 s). Biopsies were obtained before and after exercise and analyzed for high-energy @entity6546 and glycogenolytic-glycolytic intermediates. Total @entity855 turnover was 190 +/- 7 mmol/kg dry muscle, whereas the average turnover rate was 3.7 +/- 0.2 mmol . kg dry muscle-1 . S-1. The average @entity855 turnover rate was positively correlated with the percentage of fast-twitch fibers in the postexercise biopsy (r = 0.71; P less than 0.05) and negatively correlated with contraction duration to @entity1295 (r = -0.88; P less than 0.05). At @entity1295 , @entity1734 ranged from 1 to 11 mmol/kg dry muscle (86-99% depletion of value at rest), whereas lactate ranged from 59 to 101. The mean glycolytic rate was 0.83 +/- 0.05 mmol . kg dry muscle-1 . S-1 and was positively correlated with the rate of @entity3776 accumulation (r = 0.83; P less than 0.05). It is concluded that a major determinant of the @entity855 turnover rate is the muscle fiber composition, which is probably explained by a higher turnover rate in fast-twitch fibers; @entity1295 is more closely related to a low @entity1734 content than to a high @entity880 content; and the increase in prephosphofructokinase intermediates is important for stimulating glycolysis during contraction.

title: Muscle @entity855 turnover rate during isometric contraction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphates']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity3776 :: ('MESH:D019298', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose 6-phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed whether @entity1 referred with a diagnosis of @entity231 require outpatient assessment before listing for surgery or whether the general practitioner could have direct access to the waiting list. We also studied whether pre-assessment clinics made a significant difference to management even when waiting times were long. METHODS: Data about @entity1 referred with a diagnosis of @entity231 to the Oxford Eye Hospital and associated hospitals were collected. Seventy-five @entity1 were prospectively studied and 100 @entity1 records were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Twenty-six per cent of @entity1 had a misdiagnosis or additional problems affecting management. Optometrists provided more information than general practitioners, but their diagnostic accuracy was equal (73% optometrists, 75% general practitioners). At the pre-assessment clinic pupil dilatation changed management in only 4% of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Listing @entity1 on the basis of @entity1222 would be inappropriate in 1 in 4 @entity1 . Pre-assessment clinics rarely picked up a clinically relevant change. Thus if outpatient consultation included a decision on the exact surgical plan including implant power, then pre-assessment clinics may not be necessary.

title: Optimisation of outpatient resource utilisation in XXXX management.

entities_list: @entity1222 :: ('MESH:D006646', 'Disease') :: ['referral letters']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity438 ( @entity438 ) are relatively uncommon, they are clinically relevant because of the risk of @entity397 . Optimal management is a matter of debate and involves the use of percutaneous endovascular stenting, which has limitations, versus the  open surgical approach which can lead to significant morbidity. The present study reports the outcomes of robot-assisted surgery for @entity5475 and its role in overcoming many of the limitations of laparoscopy. METHODS: A total of nine @entity1 with incidentally detected @entity438 underwent a surgery between September 2001 and November 2007. Six of these nine @entity1 underwent a robot-assisted @entity439 resection with vascular reconstruction. The remaining three cases included one robotic arterial ligation, one robotic partial splenectomy, and one laparoscopic splenectomy. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 212    61 minutes (range: 90-300), mean intraoperative @entity190 was 186.6    202.4 mL (range: 0-500), and mean hospital stay was 7.1    3.7 days (range: 3-14). The morbidity rate was 11.1% and no mortality was reported. Doppler-ultrasonography surveillance showed regular organ perfusion in all @entity1 with vascular reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted surgery for @entity5475 represents one of the most advanced developments among minimally invasive procedures and can become an important option for the treatment of this disease.

title: Robot-assisted treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['splenic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['splenic artery aneurysms', 'SAAs']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['splenic artery aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously reported ethnic disparity in adverse outcomes among Asians with type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) in Singapore. Central arterial stiffness can aggravate systemic @entity455 by propagating elevated systolic and pulse pressures forward, thereby accentuating global @entity1317 . We aim to study ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants in a multi-ethnic T2DM Asian cohort. METHODS: Arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) and augmentation index (AI) using applanation tonometry method in Chinese (N  =  1045), Malays (N  =  458) and Indians (N  =  468). Linear regression model was used to evaluate predictors of @entity122 and AI. RESULTS: @entity122 was higher in Malays (10.1      3.0  m/s) than Chinese (9.7      2.8  m/s) and Indians (9.6      3.1  m/s) (P  =  0.018). AI was higher in Indians (28.1      10.8%) than Malays (25.9      10.1%) and Chinese (26.1      10.7%) (P  <  0.001). Malays remain associated with higher @entity122 (b  =  0.299, P  =  0.048) post-adjustment for age, gender, duration of @entity6 , hemoglobin A1c, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products, urinary albumin-to- @entity1011 ratio, and insulin usage, which were all independent predictors of @entity122 . Indians remain associated with higher AI (b  =  2.776, P  <  0.001) post-adjustment for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, and height, which were independent predictors of AI. These variables explained 27.7% and 33.4% of the variance in @entity122 and AI respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Malays and Indians with T2DM have higher central arterial stiffness, which may explain their higher risk for adverse outcomes. Modifying traditional major vascular risk factors may partially alleviate their excess cardiovascular risk through modulating arterial stiffness.

title: Ethnic disparity in central arterial stiffness and its determinants among Asians with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity311 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity19 @entity311 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity462 protease genes of @entity2637 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity4801 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity4801 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity3964 with different @entity462 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity14377 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity4801 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in @entity2637 --a @entity19 XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity14377 :: ('MESH:C565433', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of berghepains']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasites']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shock resuscitation is integral to early management of severely injured @entity1 . Our standardized shock resuscitation protocol, developed in 1997 and implemented as a computerized intensive care unit (ICU) bedside decision support tool in 2000, used @entity26 delivery index (Do I) > or = 600 mL/min/m as the intervention endpoint. In a recent publication, Shoemaker et al. refuted positive outcome effect of early supranormal Do (i.e., Do I > or = 600) resuscitation. In response to and because of ongoing concern for excessive volume loading, we decreased our Do I endpoint from 600 to 500. Our hypothesis was that by decreasing the Do I endpoint, less crystalloid would be administered. We compare resuscitation responses to the protocol with goals of Do I > or = 600 versus 500 in two @entity1 cohorts. METHODS: A standardized protocol was used to direct bedside decisions for resuscitation of @entity1 with @entity130 (Injury Severity Score > 15), @entity190 (> or = 6 units of packed red blood cells), metabolic stress (base deficit > or = 6 mEq/L), and no severe @entity1545 . The protocol logic is to attain and maintain Do I > or = a specified goal for the first 24 ICU hours using primarily blood and volume loading. Two cohorts were compared: Do I > or = 500 (18 @entity1 admitted February-August 2001) versus Do I > or = 600 (18 @entity1 admitted during 2000 age and gender matched with the Do I > or = 500 group). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance, chi, and t tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Both groups had similar demographics (age 30 +/- 3 years; 78% @entity1 ; Injury Severity Score 27 +/- 3), hemodynamics, and severity of shock at start of resuscitation in the ICU. Resuscitation response was Do I increase to > or = 600 for both cohorts within approximately 12 hours. Throughout the 24-hour ICU process, the Do I > or = 500 cohort received less lactated Ringer's volume than the Do I > or = 600 cohort (total of 8 +/- 1 vs. 12 +/- 2 L; p < 0.05) and tended to receive less blood transfusion (total of 3 +/- 1 vs. 5 +/- 1 units of packed red blood cells). CONCLUSION: Shock resuscitation using Do I > or = 500 was indistinguishable from Do I > or = 600 mL/min/m. Less volume loading was required to attain and maintain Do I > or = 500 than 600 using computerized protocol technology to standardize resuscitation during the first 24 ICU hours.

title: Normal versus supranormal XXXX delivery goals in shock resuscitation: the response is the same.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery undertook a pilot study of treatment for @entity2867 in a cooperative setting. The treatment consisted of @entity900 40 mg/m2 drip intravenous infusion (div), day 1, @entity632 60 mg/m2 iv, day 1, etoposide 100 mg/m2/day div, days 1-3, @entity6030 5 mg/body/day sc, days 1-5 and @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) 2 micrograms/kg/day sc, days 6-14. This was scheduled to be repeated every 3 weeks. Local radiation therapy was added for @entity1 in whom it was indicated. A total of 17 @entity1 (mean age, 66 yr) were enrolled. Ten @entity1 had @entity1442 with measurable lesions and 2 @entity1 experienced partial remission lasting 2 and 3 months, respectively. Six of 7 @entity1 were treated with the same modality of treatment as an adjuvant. Three died of progressive disease after 3-7 months and three others have survived for 3-11 months. The @entity137 of the chemotherapy were mainly bone marrow suppression, despite @entity1261 support. Transient @entity409 was also noticed. These results indicate that this combined a treatment can be given to @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . The degree of @entity1431 was greater than expected, partly due to the advanced age of the @entity1 and the low dose of @entity1261 . In addition, 8 available thyroid specimens were examined for the @entity1262 gene and @entity1262 , but all were negative. Further study of @entity2867 by this cooperative group will be carried out.

title: Intensive chemotherapy for @entity2867 : combination of @entity900 , @entity632 , etoposide and XXXX with granulocyte @entity1261 support. Chemotherapy Committee, The Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['G-CSF', 'granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity2867 :: ('MESH:D065646', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic thyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6030 :: ('MESH:D017663', 'Chemical') :: ['peplomycin']

answer: @entity6030 :: (MESH:D017663,Chemical) :: ['peplomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Caregiving roles of @entity1 <18 years of age living with parents with health conditions or disability have been studied extensively abroad, but little U.S. research has examined the caregiving activities and perceptions of @entity1 with parents with significant @entity717 . OBJECTIVE: To examine @entity1 's caregiving activities for their disabled parent, childhood perceptions of these activities, and adult views of this caregiving. METHODS: We conducted 1-h, semi-structured, open-ended interviews with 20 @entity1 age >= 21 years who as @entity1 (age  <  18 years) had a parent with significant @entity717 . We used conventional content analysis to identify themes. RESULTS: Interviewees' mean (standard deviation) age was 36.7 (13.8) years; 4 were male. As @entity1 , most interviewees assisted their disabled parent with activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental ADLs; some @entity1 provided more medical supports. Several parents, especially of older interviewees, did not seek their @entity1 's care. Interviewees reported both positive and negative childhood attitudes about caregiving. Roughly half recalled as @entity1 feeling proud, special, or otherwise positively toward caregiving activities, while about one-third viewed caregiving as just part of their daily reality (i.e., simply needing to be done). Approximately half remembered also feeling resentful, primarily from time demands, insufficient appreciation, and being different from their peers. Interviewees reported gender and cultural factors affecting their caregiving roles and perceptions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 can provide significant care to parents with @entity717 . Understanding better their roles and perceptions could suggest ways to improve these experiences for both @entity1 and parent.

title: Adults' recollections and perceptions of childhood caregiving to a parent with significant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['mobility disability', 'physical disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['physical disability']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Livestock animals have been the assumed source of several @entity1 epidemics in recent years, for example, influenza H1N1, rotavirus G8/G9, and MERS-CoV. Surveillance of novel viruses in animals is essential to evaluate the risk to @entity1 and animal health and to determine any economic impact, for example, @entity177 to thrive. There is a paucity of data regarding detection and characterisation of @entity1902 viruses, particularly novel viruses, in porcines in Ireland. Recently, a number of small novel porcine DNA viruses have emerged globally, for example, torque teno sus virus, porcine bocavirus, and parvoviruses 2 _ 4, and little is known about the biology and potential pathogenicity of these viruses. Bocaparvovirus is a genetically distinct group of viruses which has been recently detected in @entity1 and animals. METHODS: In this study, the presence of @entity1902 viruses ( @entity7414 , porcine circovirus, adenovirus, and porcine bocavirus) was investigated in a selection of archived faecal samples from asymptomatic piglets from a commercial farm in Ireland. A total of 104 specimens were pooled and screened using conventional molecular techniques (PCR and RT-PCR), a subset of specimens (n=44) were then examined individually. Viral diversity was then investigated using statistical and phylogenetic techniques. RESULTS: Initial screening showed a high prevalence of PBoV in this farm, with the formation of three distinct groups in phylogenetic analysis. Other viruses were also investigated in this study with the first report of @entity1485 , PAdV and lineage I G5 RVA in Ireland. Some specimens contained >1 virus, with statistical analysis indicating a strong correlation for @entity325 of PBoV and PAdV on this farm. CONCLUSION: Investigating the diversity of circulating enteric viruses on Irish porcine farms is important to improve the prophylactic tools available and to facilitate the early detection of changes in circulating viruses.

title: Detection and characterisation of novel bocavirus (genus Bocaparvovirus) and XXXX viruses from asymptomatic pigs in Ireland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections']

answer: @entity1902 :: (MESH:D005759,Disease) :: ['gastroenteritis']


abstract: The physiological effects of @entity1808 ( @entity1808 ) on the kidney are mediated primarily by the @entity1808 type 1 ( @entity1809 ) receptor. Two highly similar @entity1809 receptor subtypes have been identified in the @entity35 by molecular cloning techniques, namely @entity1809 and @entity11154 . The intrarenal localization of the @entity1809 and @entity11154 receptor subtypes has not been studied by hybridization methods with subtype-specific receptor probes. Using radiolabeled probes from the 3' noncoding region of the @entity1809 and @entity11154 cDNAs, we localized @entity1809 mRNA in @entity35 kidney by in situ hybridization. Specificity of the 3' noncoding region probes was tested by Northern blot and solution hybridization methods. @entity1809 mRNA levels were highest in the liver, kidney, and adrenal. In contrast, @entity11154 mRNA levels were highest in the adrenal and pituitary and low in kidney. Autoradiographic localization of 125I-[Sar1,Ile8] @entity1808 binding indicated that the highest levels of @entity1809 receptors were found in glomeruli and vascular elements. In situ hybridization with a nonselective @entity1809 receptor riboprobe indicated that the highest levels of @entity1809 mRNA were in the outer medullary vasa recta and cortical glomeruli with additional diffuse labeling of the cortex and outer medulla, consistent with labeling of tubular elements. In contrast, in situ hybridization with the @entity1809 subtype selective probes revealed that @entity1809 receptor mRNA was primarily localized to the vasa recta and diffusely to the outer stripe of the outer medulla and the renal cortex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Localization of @entity11154 subtype mRNA in XXXX kidney.

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Milk fat globule membrane ( @entity12492 ) proteins are known to be involved in many biological functions; however, their components and inter-species complexity have not yet been completely elucidated. We investigated the protein composition of the @entity12492 -enriched fraction from Holstein, Jersey, @entity25762 , buffalo, @entity1237 , @entity20770 , @entity1641 , and @entity1 . Extracted proteins from the @entity12492 -enriched fractions were identified and quantified by an iTRAQ proteomic approach. We identified 520 protein species categorized as biological processes, cellular components and molecular function according to their annotation. Cellular process, localization, transport, signal transduction, and response to stimulus were the most common biological processes; binding and catalytic activities were the most prevalent molecular functions. Pathway analysis revealed several pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling, and @entity844 biosynthesis. Quantified @entity12492 -enriched proteins were subjected to discriminative proteomic profiling by principal component analysis and a hierarchical clustering method, and then organized into four major clusters: (1) Holstein, Jersey, and @entity25762 milk; (2) buffalo and @entity1237 milk; (3) Holstein, Jersey, buffalo, @entity25762 , and @entity1237 milk; and (4) @entity20770 , @entity1641 , and @entity1 milk. These novel quantitative data provide insight into the protein composition of the @entity12492 and their potential physiological functions, and highlight the significant differences in the @entity12492 fractions among @entity1 species. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Milk fat globule membrane ( @entity12492 ) proteins have exhibited a relatively larger diversity than other milk fractions, and implicated health beneficial effects. Proteomic analysis of @entity12492 protein was mainly focused on @entity1 , @entity291 and @entity1237 in previous studies. Recently, there is an increasing demand for natural milk from minor dairy animals. Differences in protein components were not yet elucidated that required the integration of this information across multiple species. Thus, iTRAQ analysis of the proteins in @entity12492 fractions from Holstein, Jersey, @entity25762 , buffalo, @entity1237 , @entity20770 , @entity1641 , and @entity1 was performed in this study. A total of 520 proteins were identified and quantified in the @entity12492 fractions. The results were contributed to a comprehensive overview and discriminative profiling of the @entity12492 proteome across species.

title: Proteomic characterization and comparison of XXXX milk fat globule proteomes by iTRAQ analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is the most common hereditary cause of @entity454 . The complications associated with this disease may affect the performance of @entity298 ( @entity298 ). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between @entity1 on @entity298 with @entity8 and without @entity8 .We extracted an incident cohort of adult (>= 20 years old) @entity1 on long-term @entity298 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. @entity1 with @entity8 were identified by specific diagnosis codes. We recorded baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic status, timing of referral to a nephrologist, prior hemodialysis history before @entity298 , and the type of @entity298 modalities. We compared the risk of @entity204 , technique failure, @entity298 , hospitalization, and outpatient visiting as well as overall medical expenditure between the @entity1 with @entity8 and a groups of @entity1 without @entity8 who were propensity-score matched (1:3). The analysis was carried out by various Cox regression models that considered competing risk and time-varying coefficients.We enrolled 139 @entity1 with @entity8 and 7739 @entity1 without @entity8 who started long-term @entity298 between 1999 and 2010. @entity1 with @entity8 were less comorbid and more often treated with automated @entity298 . In the propensity-score matched analysis, both overall survival and technique survival did not differ between the @entity1 and the result was similar for hospitalization and @entity298 after adjusting for the application of automated @entity298 . Furthermore, the overall annual medical expenditures were similar between the @entity1 with and without @entity8 . @entity298 @entity1 with @entity8 are comparable to @entity298 @entity1 without @entity8 in terms of risk of @entity204 , @entity298 , technique failure, and hospitalization in the present study. Furthermore, the medical expenses of the 2 groups after initiation of @entity298 are also indistinguishable.

title: Outcome Comparisons Between XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis With and Without @entity8 : A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PCKD', 'Polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Although activation of @entity460 -activated neutral protease (calpain) by the @entity143 receptor has been suggested to play critical roles in synaptic modulation and @entity16 , the nature of its substrates has not been completely defined. In this study, we examined the ability of calpain to cleave the @entity143 receptor in cultured hippocampal neurons. Activation of the @entity143 receptor by agonist application led to rapid calpain-specific proteolysis of spectrin and decreased levels of @entity4476 /2B subunits. Cleavage of the @entity4476 /2B subunit created a 115 kDa product that retained the ability to bind 125I- @entity3390 and is predicted to be active. Increases in levels of this product appeared within 5 min of @entity143 receptor activation and were stable for periods of >30 min. Subtype-specific antibodies demonstrated that the @entity4319 subunit was cleaved in these primary cultures, but the @entity4476 subunit was not. An inhibitor of calpain blocked both the decrease of intact @entity4319 and the increase of the low molecular weight form, whereas neither caspase nor cathepsin inhibitors had an effect on these events. Cell surface biotinylation experiments demonstrated that the 115 kDa fragment remained on the cell surface. This @entity4319 fragment was also found in the @entity35 hippocampus after transient @entity63 , showing that this process also occurs in vivo. This suggests that calpain-mediated cleavage of the @entity4319 subunit occurs in neurons and gives rise to active @entity143 receptor forms present on the cell surface after excitotoxic glutamatergic stimulation. Such forms could contribute to excitotoxicity and synaptic remodeling.

title: Selective activation induced cleavage of the XXXX subunit by calpain.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity4319 :: (24410(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['NR2B']


abstract: Needle electromyography (EMG) findings in @entity1 with @entity121 can be classified as "irritable" or "non-irritable," depending on the presence or absence of "abnormal spontaneous activity" in the form of fibrillation potentials, positive sharp waves, or complex, repetitive discharges. An irritable @entity121 suggests either an active necrotizing @entity121 and/or unstable muscle membrane potential. Although inflammatory @entity121 are traditionally considered to show irritable myopathic changes on EMG, the precise incidence of these changes is not known. We retrospectively reviewed the EMG findings in 178 consecutive @entity1 with biopsy-confirmed @entity121 . @entity5442 was defined on the basis of biopsy findings combined with clinical features. Needle EMG showed "irritable" @entity121 in 66% of the @entity1 in the inflammatory histology myopathic group and in 30% @entity1 with non-inflammatory histology (p <0.00l). Overall, irritable EMG findings predicted an inflammatory histology in only 44% of @entity1 . The degree and distribution of irritability on EMG did not improve the probability of finding @entity5442 . By the same token, non-irritable EMG findings also did not exclude inflammatory histology. We conclude that irritable @entity121 on EMG as defined above is not very sensitive and not very specific for predicting an inflammatory histology.

title: Incidence of irritable electromyography in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['myopathic process', 'myopathy', 'myopathic features', 'myopathies']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory myopathy', 'inflammatory myopathy']

answer: @entity5442 :: (MESH:D009220,Disease) :: ['inflammatory myopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity29 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity29 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity842 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity32 . In this study, the effect of @entity6693 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity842 synthesis, was investigated in @entity1543 (AA)-induced @entity1960 model in @entity35 . Eighty male @entity35 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity1960 , @entity1960 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity16 and @entity32 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity1543 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity1589 activity and @entity1234 levels increased significantly, while @entity224 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity1543 resulted in increased levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-a, @entity3426 , @entity568 , total @entity3542 / @entity1507 levels and @entity842 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity842 and decreases @entity32 in @entity1543 -induced @entity1960 .

title: @entity6693 inhibits the inflammatory process of the XXXX -induced @entity1960 in the @entity35 colonic mucosa.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal damage']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'inflammatory bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) may indirectly influence the outcome of @entity1 with @entity453 . AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on endothelial function in @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS: 29 @entity1 scheduled for CR were included to the study. CR began at least 4 weeks after @entity583 and consisted of 12 or 24 training sessions. Endothelial function assessment was performed, before and after CR, using Reactive @entity450 Peripheral Arterial Tonometry. RESULTS: Before the CR, @entity409 was diagnosed in 16 of 29 (55,2%) @entity1 . A total of 25 @entity1 had two assessments of endothelial function: before and after CR. In univariate analysis the factors of negative response of endothelial function to CR were: higher baseline @entity450 index (lnRHI) (OR for positive response to CR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.00-0.33; p=0.01) and higher, peak serum troponin I level during index hospitalization (OR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94-1.00; p=0.04). The independent, negative predictor of response to CR was lnRHI (OR: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.01-0.16; p=0.03). @entity1 training for 24 sessions (n=16) had similar lnRHI changes as @entity1 training for 12 sessions (n=9) [0.16 (-0.06-0.30) vs. 0.10 (0.05-0.15); p=0.44, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity409 is frequent abnormality in @entity583 survivors. Despite the lack of statistically significant improvement of endothelial function after CR in analyzed group of @entity1 , some factors can influence the efficacy of this type of physical activity. The best effect of CR on endothelial function was observed in @entity1 with baseline @entity409 .

title: Impact of physical training on endothelial function in XXXX survivors-pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia', 'Hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity10327 and @entity13695 encode @entity3899 lipoxygenases which produce lipid metabolites involved in inflammatory processes. Metabolites generated by @entity10327 and @entity13695 can activate the expression of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine @entity650 , and produce endogenous ligands for @entity6864 . In this study, polymorphisms in @entity10327 , @entity13695 , @entity650 and @entity6864 were investigated for association with bone properties in young and elderly Swedish @entity1 . METHODS: Three SNPs in @entity10327 , five in @entity13695 , one each in @entity650 and @entity6864 were genotyped in the cohorts PEAK-25 (n=1061 @entity1 ; all 25y) and OPRA (n=1044 @entity1 ; all 75y). @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and quantitative ultrasound (QUS) were analyzed in both cohorts; @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in PEAK-25; @entity604 , @entity174 incidence and serum @entity1851 (CRP) were assessed in OPRA. RESULTS: In the elderly @entity1 @entity13695 ( @entity51698 ) was associated with CRP levels (p=0.004) and incident @entity174 of any type (p=0.014), although not with @entity79 or ultrasound. In young @entity1 , carrying the common T allele (ALOX 15 @entity70599 ) was associated with lower QUS values (p=0.002-0.006). The @entity650 SNP was associated with lower @entity79 in PEAK-25 (femoral neck p=0.034; hip p=0.012). @entity79 was not associated with variation in any gene. Variants in the @entity10327 and PPARy were not associated with @entity79 in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that variation in @entity32 related genes @entity13695 and @entity650 was associated with bone microarchitecture and density in young adult @entity1 , but appears to be less important in the elderly, despite an observed association with CRP as a marker of @entity32 and incident @entity174 .

title: Polymorphisms in @entity32 associated genes @entity13695 and @entity650 are associated with bone properties in young @entity1 and XXXX in elderly.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'trabecular bone score', 'TBS']

entities_list: @entity3899 :: ('CHEBI:32395', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonate']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our aim was to describe the pattern of @entity281 ( @entity281 ) development using a dynamic approach. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal study. METHODS: We analyzed the files of 449 neurosurgical @entity1 who underwent placement of external ventricular drain (EVD). During the study period, @entity2841 sampling was performed on a daily base setting. @entity281 was defined as a positive @entity2841 culture resulting in antibiotic treatment. For @entity281 @entity1 , we arbitrary defined day 0 (D0) as the day antibiotic treatment was started. In these @entity1 , we compared dynamic changes in clinical and biological parameters at four pre-determined time points: (D-4, D-3, D-2, D-1) with those of D0. For all @entity2841 -positive cultures, we compared @entity2841 biochemical markers' evolution pattern between @entity281 @entity1 and the others, considered as a control cohort. RESULTS: Thirty-two suffered from @entity281 . Peripheral white blood cell count did not differ between D-4-D0. Median body temperature, @entity2841 cell count, median Glasgow Coma Scale, @entity2841 protein, and @entity413 concentrations were significantly different between D-4, D-3, D-2, and D0. At D0, 100  % of @entity2841 samples yielded organisms in culture. The physician caring for the @entity1 decided to treat @entity281 based upon positive @entity2841 culture in only 28  % (9/32) of cases. In the control cohort, @entity2841 markers' profile trends to normalize, while it worsens in the @entity281 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We showed that clinical symptoms and biological abnormalities of @entity281 evolved over time. Our data suggest that @entity281 decision to treat relies upon a bundle of evidence, including dynamic changes in @entity2841 laboratory exams combined with microbiological analysis.

title: Clinical, biological, and microbiological pattern associated with XXXX : a retrospective longitudinal study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['VRI', 'ventriculostomy-related infection']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['ventriculostomy-related infection']


abstract: Development of biodegradable composites having the ability to suppress or eliminate the pathogenic micro-biota or modulate the inflammatory response has attracted great interest in order to limit/repair periodontal tissue destruction. The present report includes the development of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug encapsulated novel biodegradable chitosan (CS)/ @entity4832 (PVA)/ @entity692 (HA) electro-spun (e-spun) composite nanofibrous mats and films and study of the effect of heat treatment on fibers and films morphology. It also describes comparative in-vitro drug release profiles from heat treated and control (non-heat treated) nanofibrous mats and films containing varying concentrations of @entity5230 (PX). Electrospinning was used to obtain drug loaded ultrafine fibrous mats. The physical/chemical interactions were evaluated by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The morphology, structure and pore size of the materials were investigated by @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). The thermal behavior of the materials was investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Control (not heat treated) and heat treated e-spun fibers mats and films were tested for in vitro drug release studies at physiological pH7.4 and initially, as per requirement burst release patterns were observed from both fibers and films and later sustained release profiles were noted. In vitro cytocompatibility was performed using VERO cell line of epithelial cells and all the synthesized materials were found to be non-cytotoxic. The current observations suggested that these materials are potential candidates for periodontal regeneration.

title: Synthesis of XXXX loaded novel electrospun biodegradable nanocomposite scaffolds for periodontal regeneration.

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity5230 :: ('MESH:D010894', 'Chemical') :: ['piroxicam']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(vinyl alcohol)']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity5230 :: (MESH:D010894,Chemical) :: ['piroxicam']


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity10719 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity2165 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity7690 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity1169 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity101 @entity1 . With @entity7690 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity7690 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity916 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity10719 , @entity2165 , and @entity1169 . Pretreatment values of active @entity916 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity1063 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity916 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity1063 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity10719 , @entity2165 , @entity7690 , and @entity1169 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity7690 :: ('MESH:D010869', 'Chemical') :: ['pindolol']

entities_list: @entity10719 :: ('MESH:D000070', 'Chemical') :: ['acebutolol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity4155 , @entity1356 and @entity310 on chemokine production by @entity1 chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts isolated from @entity1 with @entity571 ( @entity571 ). The expression of @entity1356 mRNA by @entity571 chondrocytes was also assessed, as well as the presence and expression of @entity29716 ( @entity29716 ) in @entity571 chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts after stimulation with @entity4155 , @entity1356 and @entity310 . DESIGN: Synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes isolated from @entity1 with @entity571 were stimulated in vitro with @entity4155 , @entity1356 or @entity310 . Supernatants were collected and immunoassayed for the presence of @entity687 , @entity2851 (CXC chemokines) and @entity2842 , @entity5737 (CC chemokines). The cells were used to detect the presence of @entity29716 and the expression of @entity29716 mRNA. Stimulated chondrocytes were also used to detect @entity1356 production and mRNA expression. RESULTS: @entity4155 upregulated the release of @entity687 and @entity2851 both by synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the release of @entity2842 only by chondrocytes. @entity4155 was a weaker stimulator than @entity1356 and @entity310 , except for @entity2851 release which was maximally upregulated by @entity1356 , less by @entity4155 and minimally by @entity310 . When compared to @entity1356 , @entity4155 was more active on chondrocytes than on fibroblasts. In chondrocytes the expression of @entity1356 mRNA was enhanced by @entity4155 and @entity310 , with a maximum level reached by @entity1356 . @entity4155 and @entity310 stimulated @entity1356 release in few subjects. Neither @entity4155 , @entity1356 nor @entity310 modulated the presence of @entity29716 and the expression of @entity29716 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity4155 could contribute to cartilage breakdown and synovial infiltration in @entity571 by inducing both the release of chemokines by chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts and, in a less extent, the synthesis of @entity1356 by chondrocytes.

title: Contribution of interleukin 17 to XXXX cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in @entity571 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The authors reviewed the computed tomographic (CT) scans and pathologic specimens of 57 histologically proved @entity153 (35 @entity957 , 12 @entity4153 , and 10 @entity420 ) in 47 @entity1 with @entity3794 . The @entity1 ranged in age from 61 to 87 years (mean age, 72 years; 42 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 ). On radiography and CT, most @entity5 (82%) were located in peripheral areas of @entity358 . In 50 of the 57 lesions, the @entity5 were round or lobulated with sharp margins. In seven @entity5 , including six @entity957 and @entity4153 , the @entity5 invaded the @entity358 and lacked distinct margins. Intratumor lucency was seen in 13 @entity5 (five solitary and eight multiple). The CT findings, including high-resolution CT scans, were compared with the histologic findings in a subgroup of 29 lesions in 25 @entity1 with available surgical or autopsy specimens. @entity3 with unclear margins (four lesions), septal thickening of the contiguous/surrounding honeycombed areas (16 lesions), and discrete masses (nine lesions) with solitary (four of nine) or multiple (five of nine) intratumor lucencies. The lucencies in six of nine @entity1 (67%) with intratumor lucencies were found to represent engulfed cystic airspaces histologically. CT revealed that @entity153 associated with @entity3794 has distinct morphologic characteristics that correlate histologically with a specific pattern of @entity5 growth.

title: Lung cancer associated with XXXX : CT-pathologic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['one small cell carcinoma', 'small cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['honeycomb lung', 'adjacent honeycomb lung']

entities_list: @entity153 :: ('MESH:D002283', 'Disease') :: ['bronchogenic carcinoma', 'bronchogenic carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Invasive growth of tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity3794 :: (MESH:D011658,Disease) :: ['diffuse pulmonary fibrosis']


abstract: @entity375 @entity7027 ( @entity7027 ) is determined by a wide variety of environmental and genetic factors. Nutrient limitation without @entity3147 , i.e. dietary restriction, expands @entity7027 through the control of nutrient signaling pathways, of which TOR/ @entity28555 has proven to be the most relevant, particularly under @entity1568 deprivation. The use of prototrophic wine @entity375 allows a better understanding of the role of @entity1568 in longevity in natural and more demanding environments, such as grape juice fermentation. We previously showed that acetyltransferase Gcn5, a member of the SAGA complex, has opposite effects on @entity7027 under laboratory and winemaking conditions, and is detrimental under the latter. Here we demonstrate that integrity of the SAGA complex is necessary for prolonged longevity, as its dismantling by @entity49008 deletion causes a drop in @entity7027 under both laboratory and winemaking conditions. The @entity28555   mutant is long-lived in synthetic SC medium, as expected, and the combined deletion of GCN5 partially suppresses this phenotype. However it is short-lived in grape juice, likely due to its low @entity1568 / @entity505 ratio. Therefore, unbalance of nutrients can be more relevant for life span than total amounts of them. Deletion of @entity12632 , which codes for a protein associated with Gcn5 and is a component of the mitochondrial retrograde signal, and which communicates mitochondrial dysfunction to the nucleus, is detrimental under laboratory, but not under winemaking conditions, where respiration seems not so relevant for longevity. Transcription factor @entity71906 was found to be a novel @entity7027 regulator @entity28555 -dependently.

title: Interplay among Gcn5, @entity28555 and Mitochondria during Chronological Aging of Wine XXXX Is Dependent on Growth Conditions.

entities_list: @entity7027 :: ('MESH:D057768', 'Disease') :: ['chronological life span', 'CLS']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: Clinical efficacy and safety of the drug impase in @entity323 ( @entity323 ) were studied in 30 @entity1 with @entity323 of various genesis (mean age 52.09 +/- 4.75 years). IIED questionnairing was employed, combined andrological examination and standard laboratory investigations. Impase was taken 1 tablet a day each other day for 12 weeks irrespective of the intercourse. The number of attempted intercourses was at least 4 times a month. The treatment efficacy was assessed by changes of IIED parameters, subjective and objective effects. @entity323 was psychogenic in 5 (16.7%) @entity1 , organic in 25 (83.3%) @entity1 . Blood hormones were normal for age in all the @entity1 . According to IIED, "erectile function" mean score after 12 week treatment rose from 18.89 +/- 5.25 to 22.50 +/- 4.86. In 11 (36.7%), 4 (13.3%), 5 (16.7%) @entity1 the response was rated as excellent, good and satisfactory, respectively. No response was stated in 10 (33.3%) @entity1 . Side effects were absent. Tolerance and safety were excellent. Thus, efficacy of impase therapy varied from 60 to 66.7% depending on @entity323 etiology and pathogenesis. Cost-efficacy, absence of side effects, possible parallel therapy of concurrent diseases, course administration are advantages of the treatment.

title: [An open non-comparative study of impase for treating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction', 'ED']

answer: @entity323 :: (MESH:D007172,Disease) :: ['erectile dysfunction']


abstract: An allophanic soil (AS) catalyzed the formation of dark-colored polymers via polycondensation reactions between @entity6153 and @entity2228 . The organic @entity505 content of the AS was increased from 0.16% to 1.3%, indicating that some of the dark-colored polymers had been adsorbed to the AS. The characteristics of the dark-colored polymers adsorbed on the AS were similar to those of a humin that is not extractable with an aqueous alkaline solution. Such a humin-like substance (HuLS) was separated from the AS by treatment with a mixture of HF and @entity5828 . The HuLS and humic acid-like substance (HaLS), comprising the acid-insoluble fraction in the reaction mixture, were characterized by elemental analysis, size exclusion chromatography, pyrolysis-GC/ @entity15 and @entity7352 NMR. However, the structural features of HaLS and HuLS had many points in common. These results suggest that HuLS-AS can be regarded as an organo-clay complex formed by the strong adsorption of HaLS to the AS. The adsorption of @entity211 ( @entity212 ) to AS and HuLS-AS was examined at pH 5.5. At this pH, the zeta potential of the HuLS-AS showed a negative value. It would, therefore, be expected that @entity73272 anions would adsorb with difficulty to HuLS-AS because of electrostatic repulsion. Nevertheless, the adsorption coefficient for @entity212 to HuLS-AS, as estimated by the Freundlich isotherm, was seven times larger than that for AS. These results show that HuLS, when adsorbed on the AS surface, has the capability to enhance the adsorption of @entity212 .

title: Characterization of an adsorbed humin-like substance on an allophanic soil formed via catalytic polycondensation between XXXX and @entity2228 , and its adsorption capability to @entity211 .

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity73272 :: ('CHEBI:58217', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenolate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity6153 :: ('MESH:C034221', 'Chemical') :: ['catechol']

answer: @entity6153 :: (MESH:C034221,Chemical) :: ['catechol']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MicroRNA-143 serves as a @entity5 suppressor in many @entity1 @entity5 . However, its involvement in @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of @entity6957 in @entity957 tumorigenesis and development. Using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we detected @entity6957 expression in 109 pairs of @entity1 @entity957 and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The associations between @entity6957 expression and clinicopathological factors and prognosis of @entity957 @entity1 were also statistically analyzed. Further, the effects of @entity6957 on the biological behavior of @entity957 cells were investigated. @entity6957 expression was significantly downregulated in @entity957 tissue samples and cell lines. Decreased @entity6957 expression was significantly associated with advanced T classifications, positive N classification, advanced TNM stage, and shorter overall survival. In addition, upregulation of @entity6957 in Tca8113 cells reduced cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in vitro. These findings validate the clinical significance of @entity6957 in @entity957 and reveal that it may be an intrinsic regulator of @entity5 progression and a potential prognostic factor for this disease.

title: Decreased microRNA-143 expression and its @entity5 suppressive function in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oral squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oral squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surfing is a popular sport in coastal areas, which can be associated with @entity764 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2013, 6 @entity1 were referred to our hospital with @entity764 sustained during surfing. Clinical data were collected from their medical records and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: @entity1 age ranged from 35 to 52 years. Five of the 6 @entity1 were male. Four @entity1 were injured in August, and the other two were injured in September and October. Rib fractures were observed in 3 of the 6 @entity1 . The other 3 @entity1 were diagnosed with chest contusions only. Hemothorax occurred in one @entity1 . No lacerations were observed in any of the 6 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity764 associated with surfing are usually blunt @entity764 ; however, they may occasionally be life-threatening.

title: XXXX related to surfing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['Chest injuries', 'chest injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['Chest injuries']


abstract: The treatment of @entity3217 fungoides and S  zary syndrome is unique. The treatments of choice are highly stage-and practitioner-dependent. For early stage @entity1 , treatment with palliative topical therapies is often adequate to yield excellent, high-quality and durable responses. For the more advanced stages, systemic approaches are more appropriate, either alone or in combination, to palliate @entity1 . There is still little convincing evidence from randomized trials that any single approach is favorable for improving survival. Many practitioners believe the disease can be controlled with the host immune system, but there again is little scientific support for this conclusion. It has been hypothesized that some of our therapies work through this mechanism, such as photopheresis and perhaps even psoralen and ultraviolet A. Unfortunately, even the use of biologic response modifiers, such as interferon and the interleukins, is not absolutely supportive of an active role for immune surveillance since these agents have been shown to have cytotoxic and differentiating effects. Because of the above, many practitioners have actively discouraged the use of chemotherapy because it may impair the host immune system; certainly, the @entity10043 analogs would fall into this category. However, there is little evidence supporting significant immune effects for other chemotherapeutics, and clearly, the responses seen would support their use in appropriate @entity1 . As the present authors will detail in this paper, the advances in understanding cancer biology and mechanisms of resistance should, in the future, lead to optimal selection of agents that are predicted to be optimally active, limiting the @entity137 and waste associated with ineffective drug usage.

title: Systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of XXXX fungoides and S  zary syndrome.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity3217 :: (MESH:D015821,Disease) :: ['mycosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) display a heterogeneous population of antibodies with @entity9500 ) as the major antigen. OBJECTIVES: We isolated and characterized @entity1 mAbs directed against @entity9500 from the immune repertoire of @entity1701 @entity1 . METHODS: Variable heavy chain repertoires from B cells from two @entity1701 patients with anti-b(2) @entity15327 antibodies were cloned into the pHEN1-VLrep vector. Constructed full-length IgG antibodies were tested for @entity4555 ( @entity4555 ) activity and binding to @entity9500 and its domains. RESULTS: Two clones of each @entity1 were selected on the basis of the reactivity of single chain Fv ( @entity10390 ) fragments displayed on phages towards full-length @entity9500 and its isolated domain I. The affinity of selected antibodies for @entity9500 was lost when transforming from phages to monovalent scFvs, and was regained when antibodies were constructed as complete IgG, indicating a role for bivalency in binding to @entity9500 . Both selected clones from @entity1 2 recognized domain I of @entity9500 , and for both clones selected from @entity1 1, binding required the presence of both domain I and domain II. All mAbs displayed @entity4555 activity in both activated partial thromboplastin time-based and dilute @entity9115 venom test-based clotting assays and in thrombin generation. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show successful cloning of @entity1 -derived mAbs that require domain I of @entity9500 for binding, and that display @entity4555 activity that is dependent on their affinity for @entity9500 . These antibodies can help us to gain more insights into the pathogenesis of @entity1701 , and may facilitate standardization of @entity1701 diagnosis.

title: Patient-derived monoclonal antibodies directed towards beta2 glycoprotein-1 display XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9115 :: ('8707', 'Species') :: ["Russell's viper"]

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4555 :: ('MESH:C531622', 'Disease') :: ['lupus anticoagulant', 'LAC']

answer: @entity4555 :: (MESH:C531622,Disease) :: ['lupus anticoagulant activity']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There has been a recent increase in the incidence of @entity5442 worldwide. To this date, @entity5442 has been described almost exclusively in @entity1 and adolescents. In most cases the causative agents are Gram-positive bacteria. When it involves muscles around the hip, other differential diagnoses such as @entity5414 and @entity603 need to be excluded amongst others. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 16 year old Caucasian male who suffered from @entity6735 of his left obturator internus muscle. He was pyrexial at 41 degrees C with @entity5084 and severe @entity158 , whilst range of motion of his left hip was severely limited. Tenderness over the left pubic bone was significant. After clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations, it was decided to treat him conservatively with intravenous antibiotics. Blood cultures grew @entity794 resistant to @entity115 and @entity869 . The @entity1 was discharged fifteen days later. At the time of discharge, he was symptom-free. CONCLUSION: This form of @entity6735 is a rare @entity281 , which may be difficult to diagnose and can easily be missed. Therefore, physicians should familiarise themselves with this condition and consider it as a possible differential diagnosis in @entity1 presenting with an acutely @entity158 hip.

title: Obturator internus XXXX in a young adult: a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['transient synovitis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['pyogenic infection']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['hip pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity6735 :: ('MESH:D052880', 'Disease') :: ['pyomyositis']

answer: @entity6735 :: (MESH:D052880,Disease) :: ['pyomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Although stand-alone cages were advocated to be superior to plate-cage construct (PCC) because of comparable clinical outcomes and fewer plate-related complications, cage dislocation and subsidence were frequently mentioned in multilevel fusion. There are some concerns about whether these issues can be effectively prevented in multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by stand-alone anchored spacer (SAAS). PURPOSE: The aim was to compare clinical outcomes, radiologic parameters, and complications of PCC and SAAS in the treatment of three-level cervical spondylotic @entity602 (CSM). STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a retrospective comparative study. @entity1 SAMPLE: A total of 38 consecutive @entity1 with three-level CSM (ACDF with PCC, 20 @entity1 ; ACDF with SAAS, 18 @entity1 ) were reviewed. OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcomes were assessed using Japanese Orthopaedic Association and Neck Disability Index. The radiologic evaluations included cervical alignment (CA), segmental angle (SA), @entity86 ( @entity86 ), and incidence of subsidence. METHODS: All the aforementioned parameters were compared before and after surgery between two groups. Besides, the aforementioned results were also compared between the two groups. The complications were also recorded. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 30.3 months. No significant differences were observed in clinical outcomes between the two groups (p>.05). Additionally, no significant differences existed in fusion rate between the two groups. There were significant differences in @entity86 of SA and CA and correction of SA between the two groups (p<.05). Besides, the incidence of subsidence (9 of 54 levels, 16.7%) was recorded in the SAAS group, and the potential of SAAS to reduce the incidence of @entity86 was not proven. No other complications were observed in this study. CONCLUSIONS: In the surgical treatment of three-level CSM, PCC is superior to SAAS in correction and maintenance of SA and avoiding cage subsidence, although the technique of ACDF with SAAS yielded encouraging clinical outcomes and high fusion rate.

title: Comparison of plate-cage construct and stand-alone anchored spacer in the surgical treatment of three-level cervical spondylotic XXXX : a preliminary clinical study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative dysphagia', 'PCL', 'postoperative curvature loss']

answer: @entity602 :: (MESH:D013118,Disease) :: ['myelopathy']


abstract: @entity1425 (A) administered in doses of 10, 50 and 100 micrograms/ @entity35 into the right lateral ventricle of the brain (i.v.c.) in @entity35 reduced the spontaneous and exploratory locomotor activity, decreased the body temperature, and increased the effects of narcotics. The reduction of the locomotor activity after A was antagonized by @entity5831 , alpha-MT, and @entity3160 . Total chemical destruction of catecholaminergic neurons and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons caused increase in A-induced locomotor activity. A had no effect on the locomotor activity in @entity35 subjected to the action of @entity2515 , @entity2515 with @entity2955 , and @entity5333 or @entity1169 . In @entity35 treated with @entity5333 , @entity1169 , @entity11054 or subjected to selective destruction of noradrenalinergic neurons adrenaline decreased significantly the locomotor activity. A (10 micrograms) increased and in higher doses inhibited @entity4944 -induced @entity2915 . It potentiated @entity4944 and @entity3826 stereotypy and antagonized @entity8364 induced with @entity1767 or @entity1768 . In the despair test adrenaline reduced the duration of @entity910 . In doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 micrograms/kg i.v. A increased slightly the flexor reflex of the hind paw of spinal @entity35 . This action was antagonized by @entity5521 as well as by @entity1169 . In biochemical investigations it was demonstrated that A decreased the level of @entity935 in @entity35 brain but had no effect on its utilization. The obtained results indicate that A i.v.c. stimulated catecholaminergic receptors.

title: Central action of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['yohimbine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['Adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity11054 :: ('MESH:D013134', 'Chemical') :: ['spiroperidol']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity8364 :: ('MESH:D002375', 'Disease') :: ['catalepsy']

entities_list: @entity1768 :: ('MESH:D005476', 'Chemical') :: ['fluphenazine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity5831 :: ('MESH:D009526', 'Chemical') :: ['nialamide']

answer: @entity1425 :: (MESH:D004837,Chemical) :: ['adrenaline']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity20823 ( @entity20823 ) protein plays an important role in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. The relationship between @entity20823 polymorphisms and the risk of radiation-induced @entity71378 on normal tissue remains inconclusive. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to elucidate the association between @entity20823 polymorphisms and radiation-induced @entity71378 on normal tissue. All eligible studies up to December 2014 were identified through a search of the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. Seventeen studies involving 656 cases and 2193 controls were ultimately included in this meta-analysis. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association between @entity20823 polymorphisms and the risk of radiation-induced normal tissue @entity71378 . We found that the @entity20823 @entity32271 ( @entity23916 ) polymorphism was significantly associated with early @entity71378 induced by radiotherapy (OR = 1.99, 95%CI: 1.31-3.01, P = 0.001). A positive association lacking statistical significance with late @entity71378 was also identified (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 0.97-1.68, P = 0.08). In addition, the @entity23916 polymorphism was significantly correlated with a higher risk of @entity71378 induced by head and neck area irradiation (OR = 2.41, 95%CI: 1.49-3.89, p = 0.0003) and breast irradiation (OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.02-1.95, p = 0.04), whereas the correlation was not significant for lung irradiation or pelvic irradiation. Furthermore, @entity20823 @entity71379 polymorphism may have a protective effect against late @entity71378 induced by radiotherapy (OR = 0.47, 95%CI: 0.26-0.86, P = 0.01). Well-designed large-scale clinical studies are required to further validate our results.

title: Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in XXXX and Radiation-Induced Adverse Effects on Normal Tissue: A Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity20823 :: ('7517', 'Gene') :: ['XRCC3', 'X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3']

entities_list: @entity32271 :: ('p|SUB|T|241|M', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Thr241Met']

entities_list: @entity71378 :: ('MESH:D004362', 'Disease') :: ['adverse effects']

answer: @entity20823 :: (7517,Gene) :: ['XRCC3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Japan has four seasons and many chances of low atmospheric pressure or approaches of typhoon, therefore it has been empirically known that the fluctuation of weather induces @entity2704 in @entity1 . Generally, its mechanism has been interpreted as follows: physical loading, attributed by atmospheric pressure to @entity1 bodies, compresses or dilates @entity1 blood vessels, which leads to abnormality in blood flow and induces @entity2704 . We report our examination of the stage in which @entity2704 tends to be induced focusing on the variation of atmospheric pressure. FINDINGS: Subjects were 34 @entity1 with @entity2704 , who were treated in our hospital. The @entity1 included 31 females and three males, whose mean age was 32      6.7. 22 @entity1 had @entity2795 and 12 @entity1 had @entity5330 . All of @entity1 with @entity2704 maintained a @entity10 diary to record atmospheric pressures when they developed a @entity2704 . The standard atmospheric pressure was defined as 1013  hPa, and with this value as the criterion, we investigated slight fluctuations in the atmospheric pressure when they developed a @entity2704 . It was found that the atmospheric pressure when the @entity1 developed a @entity2704 was within 1003-1007  hPa in the approach of low atmospheric pressure and that the @entity1 developed a @entity2704 when the atmospheric pressure decreased by 6-10  hPa, slightly less than the standard atmospheric pressure. CONCLUSION: Small decreases of 6-10  hPa relative to the standard atmospheric pressure of 1013  hPa induced @entity2704 attacks most frequently in @entity1 with @entity2704 .

title: Examination of fluctuations in atmospheric pressure related to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity2795 :: ('MESH:D020325', 'Disease') :: ['migraine with aura']

entities_list: @entity5330 :: ('MESH:D020326', 'Disease') :: ['migraine without aura']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity2704 :: (MESH:D008881,Disease) :: ['migraine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While a great deal has been learned of the genetic changes that give rise to adaptation in bacteria and @entity375 , an understanding of how new complex traits arise in multicellular organisms is far less complete. Many phytophagous insect species are ecological specialists that have adapted to utilize a single host plant. @entity13271 is a specialist that utilizes the ripe fruit of Morinda citrifolia, which is toxic to its sibling species, @entity12137 . Here we apply multiplexed shotgun genotyping and QTL analysis to examine the genetic basis of resistance to M. citrifolia fruit toxin in interspecific hybrids. We identify a locus of large effect on the third chromosome (QTL-IIIsima) in the @entity12137 backcross that was not detected in previous analyses. We also identify a highly significant QTL of large effect on the X chromosome, QTL-Xsim. Additional smaller-effect loci were also identified in the @entity12137 and @entity13271 backcrosses. We did not detect significant epistasis between loci. Instead, our analysis reveals large and smaller-effect loci that contribute to M. citrifolia resistance additively. The additive effect of each locus suggests that partial resistance to lower levels of M. citrifolia toxin could be passed through introgression from @entity13271 to @entity12137 in nature. The identification of the major effect loci, QTL-IIIsima and QTL-Xsim, is an important step towards identifying the molecular basis of adaptation in a multicellular organism.

title: The Genetics of Resistance to Morinda Fruit Toxin During the Postembryonic Stages in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity13271 :: ('7238', 'Species') :: ['D. sechellia', 'Drosophila sechellia']

answer: @entity13271 :: (7238,Species) :: ['Drosophila sechellia']


abstract: Inquiries were sent to practising Austrian anesthesiologists to ascertain their premedication-prescribing habits and their assessment of premedicants that they received as @entity1 . The 143 replies received showed @entity6882 / @entity4489 (M/P) as most used n = 83 and received (n = 54) drug (combination), followed by @entity3575 / @entity6918 (F/D) n = 33 (n = 21), @entity1245 (BZ) n = 17 (n = 10) and several other drugs (combinations) n = 10 (n = 14). There was no significant difference in the premedication habits of the 82 anesthesiologists who had received premedication and those (61) who had no personal experience with premedicants. The former judged M/P to be significantly superior to F/D and other schemes; however there was no significant difference from the judgement of the BZ. Unpleasant side effects have been described in 9% of M/P, 10% of BZ, 24% of F/D and 21% of other premedicants. On future occasions 10% of BZ-, 13% of the M/P-, 24% F/D- and 21%-receivers of other combinations would reject the same drug. Seven F/D and five M/P users converted their prescription schemes after they had received the same drug for their own premedication. The prescription habits were not influenced by dependency on departmental or hospital orders. Of those who had received it 75% desired premedication and 25% accepted premedication, suggesting that anesthesiologists believe in the positive effects of premedication. However, the overall incidence of 10% unpleasant side effects, even in the better ranked drugs, shows that the available premedicants do not yet seem to be satisfactory.

title: Premedication administered to anesthesiologists as XXXX : their evaluations of its effect and its influence on premedication prescribing habits.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4489 :: ('MESH:D011398', 'Chemical') :: ['promethazine']

entities_list: @entity6918 :: ('MESH:D004329', 'Chemical') :: ['droperidol']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['meperidine']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']