abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; Kessler et al. 1994) was a nationwide household survey of the U.S. population designed to produce data on the prevalence and correlates of @entity146 . The NCS dataset is now in public-use format and continues to be widely used for ongoing research efforts. The NCS dataset included a set of 14 items that have face validity as a measure of current @entity147 ( @entity308 and @entity148 ) and could serve as a potentially useful continuous measure of @entity458 . However, there have been no published studies on its psychometric properties and this measure has not yet been utilized by researchers using the NCS dataset. This paper provides an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the NCS Distress Index. METHOD: The NCS Part II public-use dataset (N = 5877) was used. Detailed diagnostic information was collected along with 14 items assessing current @entity458 and measures of @entity663 and Openness to Experience. RESULTS: The NCS Distress Index was found to be internally consistent (Alpha = 0.92) and a series of principal-components analyses demonstrated that the measure is most accurately conceptualized as a single-factor measure of general distress. The construct validity of the Distress Index was supported by its associations with the measures of @entity663 and Openness to Experience. A series of comparisons between diagnostic groups also supported the construct validity of the measure. For example, those with disorders characterized by depressed mood and worry scored higher on the Distress Index than those with disorders characterized by fear and hyperarousal. CONCLUSIONS: The NCS Distress Index is a psychometrically sound measure of current @entity147 . Future studies utilizing the NCS public-use dataset could potentially benefit from the inclusion of this measure in addition to more commonly investigated categorical variables such as diagnosable disorders.

title: Psychometric properties of an index of XXXX in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['emotional distress']


abstract: @entity3494 usually accumulates in soil, water and airborne particles, from which it is taken up by various organisms. Exposure to @entity3494 through food and drinking water is a major public health problem affecting some countries. At present there are limited laboratory data on the effects of @entity3494 exposure on early embryonic development and the mechanisms behind its @entity137 . In this study, we used @entity3392 as a model system to investigate the effects of @entity4250 on early development. @entity3392 embryos were exposed to a range of @entity7249 concentrations (0-10.0mM) between 4 and 120h post-fertilization (hpf). Survival and early development of the embryos were not obviously influenced by @entity4250 concentrations below 0.5mM. However, embryos exposed to higher concentrations (0.5-10.0mM) displayed reduced survival and abnormal development including delayed hatching, @entity851 and changed morphology. Alterations in neural development included weak tactile responses to light (2.0-5.0mM, 30hpf), @entity600 of the spinal cord and disordered motor axon projections (2.0mM, 48hpf). Abnormal cardiac function was observed as @entity1168 (0.5-2.0mM, 60hpf) and altered ventricular shape (2.0mM, 48hpf). Furthermore, altered cell proliferation (2.0mM, 24hpf) and apoptosis status (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf), as well as abnormal genomic DNA methylation patterning (2.0mM, 24 and 48hpf) were detected in the @entity4250 -treated embryos. All of these indicate a possible relationship between @entity3494 exposure and developmental failure in early embryogenesis. Our studies suggest that the negative effects of @entity3494 on vertebrate embryogenesis are substantial.

title: Developmental mechanisms of @entity4250 XXXX in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) embryos.

entities_list: @entity4250 :: ('MESH:C015001', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenite']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['retarded growth']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Zebrafish', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity3494 :: ('MESH:D001151', 'Chemical') :: ['arsenic', 'Arsenic']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity7249 :: ('MESH:C017947', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium arsenite']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 are at a heightened risk of @entity65 compared with the general population. To our knowledge, randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of improving dietary quality on carotid intima media thickness, a marker of subclinical @entity731 and predictor of @entity65 , have not been conducted in populations with @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether increasing fruit (+1 serving; 150 g/d), vegetable (+2 servings; 150 g/d), and dairy (+1 serving; 200-250 g/d) intakes slows 12-mo common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA IMT) progression, compared with a control group continuing to consume their usual diet, in @entity1 with type 1 and type 2 @entity6 . DESIGN: A 12-mo randomized controlled trial was conducted. The primary outcome was mean CCA IMT, measured at baseline and 12 mo, with B-mode ultrasound. @entity1 in the intervention group received counseling from a dietitian at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 9 mo, and compliance was measured with a food-frequency questionnaire at baseline, 3 mo, and 12 mo. The control group continued consuming their usual diet. RESULTS: In total, 118 @entity1 completed the study. Vegetable (46 g/d; 95% CI: 14, 77 g/d; P < 0.001) and fruit (179 g/d; 95% CI: 119, 239 g/d; P < 0.001) intakes were increased at 3 mo in the intervention group compared with the control group. This increase was not maintained at 12 mo, but intake increased overall in the cohort (fruit, 48 g/d; vegetables, 14 g/d). An increase in dairy consumption was not achieved, but yogurt intake was higher in the intervention group at 3 mo (38 g; 95% CI: 12, 65 g; P < 0.001); this was not maintained at 12 mo. At 12 mo, CCA IMT regressed (mean    SD: -0.01    0.04 mm; P < 0.001), with a greater effect in the treatment group (mean    SD: -0.02    0.04 mm vs. -0.004    0.04 mm; P = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Improving dietary quality in @entity1 with well-controlled type 1 and type 2 @entity6 may slow @entity2998 . This trial was registered at https://www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12613000251729.

title: Effect of improving dietary quality on carotid intima media thickness in subjects with type 1 and type 2 XXXX : a 12-mo randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['CCA IMT progression']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Previous work suggest aversive and appetitive hedonic effects of intraorally delivered @entity167 in pre-weanling @entity35 . Pups are reluctant to perform an operant response when reinforced with intraoral @entity167 infusions, a result suggesting aversive orosensory properties of @entity167 . Yet, post-absorptive effects of @entity1068 seem capable of supporting appetitive conditioning. Two experiments were conducted to test this phenomenon. Both included a pre-exposure phase (postnatal day 13, PD13) comprising intraoral stimulation with water or @entity167 . In Experiment 1, pups were given pairings between a tactile conditioned stimulus (CS) and intraoral infusions of @entity167 or water. A subsequent tactile preference test revealed that pups spent significantly less on the @entity167 -related CS relative to time spent on the alternative CS. In Experiment 2 pups were exposed to a texture CS (sandpaper) while intraorally infused with @entity167 or during a later @entity167 post-infusion interval. A tactile locational test conducted on PD16 indicated that @entity167 -pre-exposed animals that experienced sandpaper paired with @entity167 's post-absorptive effects exhibited a significant preference for the CS, even relative to a control group that experienced non-reinforced exposure to the tactile CS during conditioning. These results confirm that intraoral @entity1068 acts as an aversive tastant. A brief pre-exposure to @entity167 allows later expression of appetitive learning mediated by the drug's post-ingestive effects.

title: Infant @entity35 exhibit aversive learning mediated by XXXX 's orosensory effects but are positively reinforced by @entity1068 's post-ingestive effects.

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hyperplastic response of the @entity2172 during bacterial @entity2346 media is thought to be mediated by the actions of growth factors and their respective receptors. The purpose of the study was to explore the expression of growth factors known to stimulate epithelial cells in other systems, as well as their receptors, in the @entity2172 during @entity2346 media. STUDY DESIGN: Expression of mRNA growth factors and receptors was measured over time after inoculation of the @entity35 middle ear with bacteria. METHODS: The middle ears of 12 male @entity35 were injected with 10(5)/mL @entity327 3655 (nontypeable, biotype II). Three @entity35 were killed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Three untreated @entity35 were also killed to serve as negative controls. The @entity2172 samples were surgically removed and homogenized. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on each sample with primers for @entity35 epidermal growth factor, @entity10816 (ErbB), heparin binding epidermal-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, @entity11943 , betacellulin, amphiregulin, and neuregulin-alpha. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor and @entity10816 primers demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products of the expected size that were not displayed in the normal @entity2172 . @entity11943 and hepatocyte growth factor receptor demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products at all time points tested. Betacellulin and neuregulin-alpha products were present at all time points except 72 hours after @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support a role for growth factors in the @entity2172 during @entity2346 media. These bioactive ingredients contribute to @entity33 .

title: Growth factors and their receptors in the XXXX during @entity2346 media.

entities_list: @entity2172 :: ('MESH:D010033', 'Disease') :: ['middle ear mucosa']

entities_list: @entity10816 :: ('24329(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae strain']

entities_list: @entity11943 :: ('29348(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['keratinocyte growth factor', 'Keratinocyte growth factor']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity2172 :: (MESH:D010033,Disease) :: ['middle ear mucosa']


abstract: Nine @entity74 ( @entity74 ) were identified in two diploid @entity415 clones (SH and RH), with a specific primer pair based on conserved motifs in the LRR domain of the @entity415 cyst @entity2199 resistance gene @entity72542 and the @entity415 virus X resistance gene Rx1. A modified AFLP method was used to facilitate the genetic mapping of the @entity74 in the four haplotypes under investigation. All nine @entity74 appeared to be located in the @entity72542 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII. Construction of a physical map using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones for both the @entity415 ssp. @entity415 and the @entity415 ssp. andigena haplotype of SH showed that the @entity74 are located within a stretch of less than 200 kb. Sequence analysis of the @entity74 revealed that they are highly similar (93 to 95%) to @entity72542 and Rx1. The sequence identities among all @entity74 range from 85 to 100%. Two pairs of @entity74 are identical, or nearly so (100 and 99.9%), with each member located in a different genotype. Southern-blot analysis on genomic DNA revealed no evidence for additional homologues outside the @entity72542 / Rx1 cluster on chromosome XII.

title: Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst @entity2199 resistance gene XXXX in @entity415 .

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potato', 'S. tuberosum', 'Solanum tuberosum', 'tuberosum']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['RGHs', 'resistance gene homologues']

answer: @entity72542 :: (179219(Tax:6239),Gene) :: ['Gpa2']


abstract: @entity6241 ( @entity6241 ) is a pleiotropic cytokine whose function is only now being unraveled. Abundant evidence indicates that activated @entity1961 T cells are the primary, if not the only, source of @entity6241 . While it is clear that @entity6241 is actively transcribed by na  ve activated T cells, recent studies have shown that @entity6241 potentially promotes a developmental shift of na  ve T cells toward the Th2 phenotype. BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 develop an @entity792 similar to @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting males earlier than females on account of the presence of the @entity27931 ( @entity27931 ) locus. Previous results indicate the elevation of @entity6241 expression by BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 at an age when the early characteristics of autoimmune processes first become evident. We set out to determine whether @entity6241 was necessary for disease progression in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 . @entity19 were treated for 24 weeks with soluble IL-21R-Fc in order to therapeutically neutralize the @entity6241 present. The results overall suggest a biphasic effect of @entity6241 , negatively influencing survival early on and positively influencing survival at later stages. We propose that @entity6241 exerts a pleiotropic effect in which it promotes the protective effects of CD8+ suppressor cells in the early disease phase and then promotes the humoral components of @entity1252 in the later disease stages. This experiment provides preliminary evidence for a role of @entity6241 in modulating the severity of @entity1252 in BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 .

title: Treatment of BXSB- @entity27931 @entity19 with IL-21R-Fc fusion protein minimally attenuates XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27931 :: ('107944(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Y-linked autoimmune acceleration', 'Yaa']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune syndrome']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1201 , a @entity102 caused by @entity4430 , is a public health concern in certain countries, including India. Although the prevalence of the disease has fallen drastically over time, new cases continue to occur at nearly the same rate in many regions. Several endemic pockets have been observed in India and elsewhere. The precise dynamics of @entity1201 transmission are still not clearly understood. Both live bacilli as well as @entity4430 DNA have been detected in the soil and water of endemic areas; they possibly play an important role in disease transmission. AIMS: To study the occurrence of viable @entity4430 in environmental samples collected from areas of residence of @entity1 with active @entity1201 . METHODS: The study was conducted on 169 newly diagnosed @entity1201 @entity1 in Ghatampur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil and water samples were collected from their areas of residence using a standardized protocol. An equal number of soil and water samples were also collected from non- @entity1 areas of the same or adjoining villages. The environmental samples collected from the @entity1 surroundings were subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA gene analysis after obtaining informed consent. RESULTS: About a quarter of the environmental samples collected from @entity1 areas, (25.4% of soil samples and 24.2% of water samples) were found to be positive for specific 16S ribosomal RNA genes of @entity4430 . Environmental samples collected from non- @entity1 areas were all found negative for @entity4430 16S ribosomal RNA genes. LIMITATIONS: The major limitation of the study was that the sample size was small. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated the presence of viable strains of @entity4430 in skin smear samples of paucibacillary @entity1 and multibacillary @entity1 , as well as in the environmental samples obtained from around their houses. This could play an important role in the continued transmission of @entity1201 .

title: Viability of XXXX in the environment and its role in leprosy dissemination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4430 :: ('1769', 'Species') :: ['M. leprae', 'Mycobacterium leprae']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1201 :: ('MESH:D007918', 'Disease') :: ['Leprosy', 'leprosy']

answer: @entity4430 :: (1769,Species) :: ['Mycobacterium leprae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the association between @entity3087 ( @entity3087 ) and mode of delivery and to calculate the risks of @entity3087 comparing caesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery to normal vaginal delivery 15-23 years after childbirth. A subgroup analysis comparing forceps and vacuum delivery was planned. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Postal questionnaire. POPULATION: 1641 (53%) of 3115 @entity1 who delivered their first @entity1 in Trondheim, Norway, between January 1990 and December 1997. METHODS: A questionnaire including questions on symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse, @entity322 and surgery for these conditions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity3087 measured by symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse or surgery (sPOP), @entity322 or surgery (UI) and @entity1241 or surgery (FI). RESULTS: When caesarean delivery was compared to normal vaginal delivery the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for sPOP was 0.42 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.21-0.86) and the aOR for UI was 0.65 (95% CI 0.46-0.92). Operative vaginal delivery was associated with increased risk of sPOP (aOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.21-2.48) and FI (aOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.26-3.06) when compared with normal vaginal delivery. There were no differences in sPOP, UI or FI in a subgroup analysis comparing forceps and vacuum delivery. CONCLUSIONS: Caesarean delivery was associated with decreased risk and operative vaginal delivery with increased risk of @entity3087 15-23 years after first delivery, but there were no differences between forceps and vacuum delivery.

title: Pelvic organ prolapse and XXXX 15-23 years after first delivery: a cross-sectional study.

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary and fecal incontinence', 'urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity3087 :: ('MESH:D059952', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic floor dysfunction', 'PFD']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain to what extent the dramatic decrease in @entity301 ( @entity301 ) mortality from 1972 to the present can be attributed to a change in risk factors. DESIGN: Descriptive study based on literature data. SETTING: The Netherlands. METHODS: Changes in four risk factors were assessed: a survey on trends in average systolic and diastolic blood pressure and serum @entity165 from three national screening projects, conducted 1974-1980, among 30,000 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 37-43 years, 1981-1986 among 80,000 @entity1 aged 33-37 years, and 1987-1992 among 42,000 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-59 years, and the percentage of smokers observed by the Foundation on Public Health and Smoking in yearly surveys among 20,000 @entity1 from the age of 15. Using a preventable proportion calculation, the effect on mortality was estimated of the observed changes in these risk factors, applying published relative risks and regression coefficients for these risk factors for @entity1 . The estimated curves were compared with the coronary mortality curves observed by the Netherlands Central Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: From 1974 to 1992 a substantial decrease in the percentage of smokers and in @entity1 a moderate decrease in average serum @entity165 level were observed. Serum @entity165 decreased little in @entity1 . Changes in blood pressure were not consistent. The calculations predicted a 33% decrease in @entity301 mortality; the decrease actually observed was 48% for @entity1 aged 20-69 and 42% for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It appears that by far the largest proportion of the decrease in @entity301 mortality can be explained by a decrease in the values of relevant risk factors ( @entity165 and smoking) and only a small part by improved therapy.

title: [Decrease in @entity301 mortality in 1974-1992 largely explainable by changes in XXXX and smoking risk factors].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: Soccer is a game that demands a combination of repeated maximal sprinting wit with 10 to 11km of moderate running, sometimes performed under extremely warm conditions. Over the course of a match, there is partial to near complete depletion of glycogen reserves in the leg muscles (depending on the extent of initial reserves and the level of competition), with a resultant decrease in physical performance. Blood @entity413 levels also fall, sometimes to values likely to cause a deterioration of both tactical thinking and cooperation between players (3.0 to 3.8 mmol/L), while in tropical climates, fluid losses can amount to 4 to 5kg of bodyweight. The effectiveness of @entity413 solutions in correcting these problems is limited for 2 main reasons: concentrations greater than 2.5% slow the rate of gastric emptying and thus fluid absorption, while provoking a secretion of @entity2690 with a resultant hypoglycaemia. @entity948 solutions are less liable to increase @entity2690 secretion, but they have an equal propensity for slowing gastric emptying; moreover, the ingested @entity948 is largely metabolised in the liver, without boosting blood @entity413 . However, @entity413 polymer preparations have a low osmotic pressure per unit content of @entity413 equivalent, so that substantial amounts of @entity1735 can be administered in this fashion before gastric emptying is inhibited. If polymers are given before and during a soccer game, they sustain blood @entity413 , sparing muscle glycogen stores and increasing game performance. If the concentration of polymer is too high, one possible complication is a movement of water from the plasma into the gut; nevertheless, with an appropriate choice of concentration (for example, 7% polycose, 360 mOsm/L, plasma volume is increased rather than decreased relative to that seen with administration of water. Probably because the intergame interval for competitive soccer players is short, replenishment of glycogen reserves proceeds quite slowly. Moreover, this process does not seem to be helped by ingestion of either @entity413 polymers or a high @entity1735 diet.

title: XXXX and fluid needs of the soccer player.

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose', 'Fructose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obesity is associated with an overexpansion of adipose tissue, along with increases in blood pressure, glycemia, @entity32 , and @entity715 . Research to develop nutritional interventions to prevent or treat @entity28 and its associated diseases is greatly needed. Previously, we demonstrated the ability of @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ) to prevent high-fat (HF) diet-induced @entity28 , insulin resistance, and @entity32 in @entity19 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current study was to determine the mechanisms mediating the anti-inflammatory and antilipogenic actions of @entity8393 . METHODS: In a previous study, male C57BL/6J @entity19 were fed a low-fat diet (10% of energy from fat), an HF diet (45% of energy from fat), or an HF diet supplemented with @entity8393 (45% of energy from fat; 36 g/kg @entity8393 ; HF+ @entity8393 ) for 11 wk or an HF diet for 6 wk and then switched to the HF+ @entity8393 diet for 5 wk. In this study, we used histology/immunohistochemistry, gene expression, and metabolomic analyses of white adipose tissue from these @entity19 . In addition, cultured @entity19 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with 100  M @entity8393 for 48 h and then used for extracellular flux assays with untreated 3T3-L1 adipocytes used as a control. RESULTS: Compared with the HF diet, the HF+ @entity8393 diet significantly reduced body weight, @entity1386 , adipocyte size, and macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue. No significant differences in overall body weight or fat pad weights were observed between HF-fed @entity19 vs. those fed the HF+ @entity8393 diet for a short time after first inducing @entity28 with the HF diet. Interestingly, both histology and immunohistochemistry results showed a significantly lower mean adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration in @entity19 fed the HF diet and then switched to the HF+ @entity8393 diet vs. those fed HF diets only. This indicated that @entity8393 was able to prevent as well as reverse HF-diet-induced adipocyte @entity32 and @entity1184 and that some of the metabolic effects of @entity8393 were independent of body weight or @entity1386 . In addition, adipose tissue metabolomic data and cultured adipocyte extracellular flux bioenergetic assays indicated that @entity8393 also regulated mitochondrial function by increasing @entity844 oxidation and @entity26 consumption, respectively. CONCLUSION: With the use of @entity19 and cultured adipocytes, we showed that @entity8393 ameliorates HF-diet effects at least in part by increasing @entity26 consumption and @entity844 oxidation and reducing adipocyte size, adipogenesis, and adipose tissue @entity32 , independent of @entity28 .

title: @entity7784 reduces adipocyte @entity1184 and @entity32 in diet-induced XXXX @entity19 in an @entity1386 -independent manner.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adiposity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The extraction of bitumen from oil sands in Alberta (Canada) produces volumes of tailings that are pumped into large anaerobic settling-basins. Beside bitumen, tailings comprise fractions of @entity7935 , @entity8336 , @entity18008 and @entity11574 (BTEX) that derive from the application of industrial solvents. Due to their @entity137 and volatility, BTEX pose a strong concern for gas- and water-phase environments in the vicinity of the ponds. The examination of two pond profiles showed that concentrations of indigenous BTEX decreased with depth, pointing at BTEX transformation in situ. With depth, the relative contribution of @entity18008 and @entity11574 to total BTEX significantly decreased, while @entity7935 increased relatively from 44% to 69%, indicating preferential @entity7294 degradation. To predict BTEX turnover and residence time, we determined BTEX degradation rates in tailings of different depths in a 180-days microcosm study. In addition, we evaluated the impact of labile organic substrates (e.g. @entity598 ) generally considered to stimulate @entity7294 degradation and the contribution of @entity597 -reducing bacteria (SRB) to BTEX turnover. In all depths, BTEX concentrations significantly decreased due to microbial activity, with degradation rates ranging between 4 and 9 gkg(-1)d(-1). BTEX biodegradation decreased linearly in correlation with initial concentrations, suggesting a concentration-dependent BTEX transformation. SRB were not significantly involved in BTEX consumption, indicating the importance of methanogenic degradation. BTEX removal decreased to 70-90% in presence of organic substrates presumptively due to an accumulation of @entity598 that lowered BTEX turnover due to product inhibition. In those assays SRB slightly stimulated BTEX transformation by reducing inhibitory @entity598 levels.

title: Anaerobic BTEX degradation in oil sands tailings ponds: Impact of labile organic carbon and XXXX -reducing bacteria.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity18008 :: ('MESH:C004912', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylbenzene']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity597 :: (CHEBI:16189,Chemical) :: ['sulfate']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is a strong medical demand to search for novel, more efficacious and safer than available, analgesics for the treatment of @entity9 . This study investigated antinociceptive activity of intraperitoneally administered 3-[4-(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one ( @entity7215 ) and pregabalin in the @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) model of @entity9 in @entity19 and evaluated these drugs' influence on motor coordination. In addition, microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed to assess, if a surgical method or drug treatment caused changes in the structure of this nerve. Moreover, the alterations of nerve growth factor (NGF) content after drug treatment were assessed. METHODS: Antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic activities of @entity7215 and pregabalin were assessed in the von Frey and hot plate tests. Motor-impairing properties were evaluated in the rotarod test. Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve were performed using electron microscope. In immunohistochemical assays the content of NGF in the sciatic nerve after single or repeated administration of test drugs was assessed. RESULTS: Microscopic examinations of the sciatic nerve revealed ultrastructural changes in nerve fibers indicating for neurodegenerative processes induced by @entity8638 . Seven days after @entity8638 surgery @entity7215 and pregabalin reduced tactile @entity1931 in von Frey test (ED50 values were 1.5 and 15.4   mg/kg, respectively). None of the test drugs at dose range 0.5-100   mg/kg induced @entity51 in the rotarod test. In immunohistochemical assays repeated doses of pregabalin and @entity7215 elevated NGF content. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7215 has antiallodynic properties and is an interesting lead structure in the search for novel analgesics used in @entity9 .

title: 3-[4-(3-Trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]-dihydrofuran-2-one and pregabalin attenuate tactile @entity1931 in the XXXX model of @entity8638 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: In elderly @entity1 an unilateral @entity1274 is frequently associated with a relatively more patent eustachian tube on the involved side. A simple method of investigation is observation under the operating microscope during tubal inflation by the @entity1 . In right-handed @entity1 the abnormally patent tube most often lay on the left side. Powerful self inflation in these @entity1 induces acute @entity393 and vertigo. Acute @entity393 is commoner on the left side. The air bone gap is greater at higher frequencies due to mobility of the stapes, loosening of the incudal joints and the tympanic membrane. In contrast the air bone gap is greater at lower frequencies in @entity8719 or malleus head @entity3947 . Minor degrees improve after self inflation is prohibited. In most @entity1 with abnormally patent eustachian tubes further therapy is not necessary after the @entity1 has received precise advice. In only about 20% of the cases is the @entity1 disturbed by a feeling of fullness in the ear, autophony and @entity392 . After stabilisation of weight and blood pressure, a septoplasty with correction of the posterior turbinates may reduce the exspiratory resistance. The most drastic treatment is a collagen injection around the tube. @entity1 with @entity308 should be treated appropriately.

title: [Unilateral patulous eustachian tube with XXXX , inner ear damage, vertigo and sudden deafness--collagen injection].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity8719 :: ('MESH:D010040', 'Disease') :: ['otosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3947 :: ('MESH:D000844', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosis']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity392 :: (MESH:D014012,Disease) :: ['tinnitus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of induced @entity551 anesthesia on length of hospital stay (LOS) for  @entity1 undergoing maxillary Le @entity196 in isolation or in combination with mandibular orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study design was implemented and @entity1 undergoing a Le @entity196 as a component of orthognathic surgery at the Mayo Clinic from 2010 through 2014 were identified. The primary predictor variable was the presence of induced @entity551 anesthesia during orthognathic surgery. @entity551 anesthesia was defined as at least 10 consecutive minutes of a mean arterial pressure no higher than 60  mmHg documented within the anesthetic record. The primary outcome variable was LOS in hours after completion of orthognathic surgery. The secondary outcome variable was the duration of surgery in hours. Multiple covariates also abstracted included @entity1 age, @entity1 gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, complexity of surgical procedure, and volume of intraoperative fluids administered during surgery. Univariable and multivariable models were developed to evaluate associations between the primary predictor variable and covariates relative to the primary and secondary outcome variables. RESULTS: A total of 117 @entity1 were identified undergoing Le Fort I orthognathic surgery in isolation or in combination with mandibular surgery. Induced @entity551 anesthesia was significantly associated with shortened LOS (odds ratio [OR]  = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.88; P  = .026) relative to @entity1 with normotensive regimens. This association between @entity551 anesthesia and LOS remained statistically significant in a subgroup analysis of 47 @entity1 in whom isolated Le Fort I surgery was performed (OR  = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.62; P  = .010). Induced @entity551 anesthesia was not statistically associated with shorter duration of surgery. CONCLUSION: Induced @entity551 anesthesia represents a potential factor that minimizes postoperative LOS for @entity1 undergoing routine maxillary orthognathic surgery alone or in combination with mandibular procedures. @entity551 anesthesia does not appear to be effective in minimizing the duration of surgery within this same @entity1 population.

title: XXXX Anesthesia Is Associated With Shortened Length of Hospital Stay Following Orthognathic Surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Fort I osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'Hypotensive']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['Hypotensive']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The gastrointestinal (GI) tract often becomes involved in @entity1 with @entity1582 . As few @entity344 data have been reported, we describe the clinical features and outcomes of @entity1 with pathologically proven @entity344 . METHODS: We identified 155 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1582 between April 1995 and April 2013. Twenty-four @entity1 (15.5%) were diagnosed with @entity344 using associated symptoms, and the diagnoses were confirmed by direct biopsy. RESULTS: Among the 24 @entity1 , 20 (83.3%) had @entity2783 ( @entity2783 ), three (12.5%) had @entity1129 , and one (4.2%) had transthyretin-related @entity2783 . Their median age was 57 years (range, 37 to 72), and 10 @entity1 were female (41.7%). The most common symptoms of @entity344 were @entity294 (11 @entity1 , 45.8%), followed by @entity448 (nine @entity1 , 37.5%), @entity353 , and @entity1209 (seven @entity1 , 29.2%). The histologically confirmed GI tract site in @entity2783 was the stomach in 11 @entity1 (55.0%), the colon in nine (45.0%), the rectum in seven (35.0%), and the small bowel in one (5.0%). @entity1 with @entity344 had a greater frequency of organ involvement (p = 0.014). Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with @entity344 was shorter (7.95 months; range, 0.3 to 40.54) than in those without @entity344 (15.84 months; range, 0.0 to 114.53; p = 0.069) in a univariate analysis. A multivariate analysis of prognostic factors for @entity2783 revealed that @entity344 was not a significant predictor of @entity1349 (p = 0.447). CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with @entity2783 was poorer than those without @entity344 , and they presented with more organ involvement and more advanced disease than those without organ involvement.

title: Clinical features and outcomes of @entity1582 with XXXX : a single-center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['AL amyloidosis and GI involvement', 'AL', 'type amyloidosis', 'AL amyloidosis', 'amyloidosis light chain']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI amyloidosis', 'GI involvement']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and/or vomiting']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal involvement']


abstract: The leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 is accidents. Severe @entity542 and injuries to the heart or major vessels are mainly responsible for immediate @entity204 . This phenomenon is also reflected in the increasing number of pediatric admissions for renal @entity130 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1990 to 2000, the charts of 132 @entity1 with @entity8 secondary to blunt and penetrating @entity130 in childhood are reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 88 were male @entity1 and 126 sustained blunt @entity130 (motor accidents, falls, etc.). Gross and microscopic @entity811 were the most important finding at the time of presentation, and correlated with severe @entity8 , and both were present in 122 cases. Intravenous pyelography and CT scan were the most useful diagnosis tools. Only 27 @entity1 were managed operatively, the majority because of associated @entity3511 . CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous pyelography remains the most cost-effective means of investigating @entity8 in a second-level hospital. @entity8 and most laceration should be managed conservatively. Only few a renal transactions should be managed operatively.

title: [Renal XXXX in childhood. Second-level hospital experience].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal contusion', 'renal injuries', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['craniocerebral trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Ileocolonoscopy with biopsy of the ileum, ileocecal valve and cecum was performed on 32 @entity1 (22 males, 10 females) with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ) with pauciarticular onset. Mean age at onset of disease was 12 years. @entity1691 ( @entity1691 ) was diagnosed in 13 @entity1 ; the other 19 cases were classified as @entity625 with recurrent or persistent pauciarticular @entity603 . Twenty-two @entity1 (68%) were @entity1530 positive; 8 @entity1 (25%) carried the HLA-Bw62 antigen. Ileocolonoscopy was performed 6 months to 32 years after the initial manifestation of the disease (mean : 9 years). Fourteen @entity1 had macroscopic lesions of the ileum and ileocecal valve although only 8 of these had a history of intestinal complaints. Twenty-six @entity1 (81%) presented histological signs of gut @entity32 . Most of the gut abnormalities were classified as active @entity30 (19/26). Only 7 @entity1 had acute or @entity4577 . @entity697 were seen in only one @entity1 with @entity1691 . All but 2 @entity1 with @entity6592 , in whom signs of gut @entity32 were found, had active chronic lesions. All the 8 HLA-Bw62 positive @entity1 had histological evidence of gut @entity32 . Only @entity30 were found. In the majority of @entity1 with @entity4932 with pauciarticular onset, gut @entity32 was found on ileum biopsy. Some of their lesions are related to @entity30 , and the presence of the HLA-Bw62 antigen could predispose to the @entity625 seen in these cases.

title: Late onset pauciarticular juvenile chronic arthritis: relation to gut XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6592 :: ('MESH:D058566', 'Disease') :: ['sacroiliitis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lesions']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['reactive arthritis', 'arthritis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'JCA']

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['Ankylosing spondylitis', 'AS']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial enteritis-like lesions']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic or Crohn-like lesions', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2014 guidelines endorsed by Society of Surgical Oncology, the American Society of Breast Surgeons, and the American Society for Radiation Oncology advocate "no ink on @entity5 " as the new margin requirement for breast-conserving therapy (BCT). We used our lumpectomy margins database from 2004 to 2006 to predict the effect of these new guidelines on BCT. METHODS: @entity1 with neoadjuvant therapy, pure @entity513 -in situ, or incomplete margin data were excluded. We applied new ("no ink on @entity5 ") and old (>= 2  mm) margin guidelines and compared rates of positive margins, reexcision, and rates of @entity66 found at reexcision. RESULTS: A total of 437 lumpectomy surgeries met the eligibility criteria. Eighty-six percent had @entity513 , 12  % @entity1137 , and 2  % @entity513 and @entity1137 . Using a >= 2  mm margin standard, 36  % of lumpectomies had positive margins compared to 18  % using new guidelines (p  <  0.0001). Seventy-seven percent of @entity1 with "ink on @entity5 " had @entity66 found at reexcision. Fifty percent of subjects with margins <2  mm had @entity66 (p  =  0.0013) but would not have undergone reexcision under the new guidelines. With margins of >= 2  mm, @entity41 was seen in the shaved margins of 14  % of lumpectomies. @entity41 was more common in reexcisions for @entity513 -in situ <2  mm from a margin than for invasive @entity5 (53 vs. 40  %), although this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Use of new lumpectomy margin guidelines would have reduced reoperation for BCT by half in our @entity1 cohort. However, @entity66 was present in many @entity1 who would not have been reexcised with the new guidelines. Long-term follow-up of local recurrence rates is needed to determine if this increase in @entity66 is clinically significant.

title: Implications of New Lumpectomy Margin Guidelines for Breast-Conserving Surgery: Changes in Reexcision Rates and Predicted Rates of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1137 :: ('MESH:D018275', 'Disease') :: ['invasive lobular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor', 'Residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity513 :: ('MESH:D044584', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma', 'invasive ductal carcinoma']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['Residual Tumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Smoking cigarettes is a major risk factor in the development and progression of @entity65 ( @entity65 ) and @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). Modified risk @entity286 products (MRTPs) are being developed to reduce smoking-related health risks. The goal of this study was to investigate hallmarks of @entity1030 and @entity65 over an 8-month period in @entity6970 -deficient @entity19 exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS) or to the aerosol of a candidate MRTP, THS2.2. In addition to chronic exposure, cessation or switching to THS2.2 after 2 months of CS exposure was assessed. Engaging a systems toxicology approach, exposure effects were investigated using physiology and histology combined with transcriptomics, lipidomics, and proteomics. CS induced @entity2543 and @entity4648 , @entity55 , and emphysematous changes ( @entity73 and @entity16 ). Atherogenic effects of CS exposure included altered lipid profiles and aortic plaque formation. Exposure to THS2.2 aerosol ( @entity1239 concentration matched to CS, 29.9 mg/m(3)) did not induce @entity55 or @entity2415 , nor did it consistently change the lipid profile or enhance the plaque area. Cessation or switching to THS2.2 reversed the inflammatory responses and halted progression of @entity2333 . Biological processes, including senescence, @entity32 , and proliferation, were significantly impacted by CS, but not by THS2.2 aerosol. Both, cessation and switching to THS2.2 reduced these perturbations to almost sham exposure levels. In conclusion, in this @entity19 model cessation or switching to THS2.2 retarded the progression of CS-induced @entity731 and emphysematous changes, while THS2.2 aerosol alone had minimal adverse effects.

title: An 8-Month Systems Toxicology Inhalation/Cessation Study in XXXX -/- @entity19 to Investigate Cardiovascular and Respiratory Exposure Effects of a Candidate Modified Risk @entity286 Product, THS 2.2, Compared with Conventional Cigarettes.

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired pulmonary function']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar damage']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity4648 :: ('MESH:D008679', 'Disease') :: ['metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['nasal epithelial hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['initial emphysematous changes and the aortic plaque area']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6970 :: (11816(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Apoe']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is popularly known as lauki, ghia or dudhi in India. Its consumption is advocated by traditional medicine healers for controlling @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity409 , @entity353 . However, in last few years there have been reports of suspected @entity137 due to consumption of its juice leading to severe @entity391 and upper @entity360 . As emergency physicians we need to be aware of this very rare @entity4968 specially in India. METHODS: We present a case of a 52-year-old @entity1 who presented with multiple episodes of @entity6552 and shock to the emergency department (ED) after consuming bottle gourd juice. The @entity1 was resuscitated and stabilized with fluids, proton pump inhibitors and antiemetics and shifted to the intensive care unit (ICU) under the care of a gastroenterology team for urgent endoscopy and further management. RESULTS: The @entity1 received intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiemetics, and antacids and underwent upper gastroenterologic endoscopy during the hospitalization. She was discharged in a stable condition 4 days later. CONCLUSIONS: As a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, bottle gourd contains toxic @entity71527 compounds called cucurbitacins which are responsible for the bitter taste and @entity137 . There is no known antidote for this @entity137 , and clinicians treat such @entity1 symptomatically only. It is important to educate the public about the harmful effects of this potentially life-threatening @entity137 .

title: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) juice XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss and other diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity6552 :: ('MESH:D006396', 'Disease') :: ['hematemesis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity71527 :: ('CHEBI:26893', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclic triterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity4968 :: (MESH:D011041,Disease) :: ['poisoning']


abstract: The purpose of this study to assess the effect of the formula @entity2226 / @entity3988 / @entity270 on the progression of @entity227 in @entity6391 . A double blind, placebo controlled study in 62 @entity1 : visual field threshold values were obtained in a Humphrey Field Analyzer from center (30 degrees) and periphery (30-60 degrees), every 4 months during 3-year follow-up. Data were analyzed by univariate regression, with slopes obtained from the best fit lines. Based on slope values, three groups of @entity1 were identified as those showing negative, positive, or zero slope: > or = 1 to < or = +1. In controls (32 @entity1 ), at central area, the distribution in negative, zero, or positive slope was, respectively, 16 (50%), 11 (35%), and 5 (15%). In the treated group (30 @entity1 ) this distribution was 6 (20%) negative, 17 (53%) zero, and 7 (23%) positive slope. In periphery, 16 control @entity1 were distributed as 11 (69%) negative, 4 (25%) zero, and 1 (6%) positive slope. In the treated group (17 @entity1 ), the distribution was opposite: 1 (6%) negative, 7 (41%) zero, and 9 (53%) positive slope. Nineteen @entity1 receiving treatment up to 6 years showed similar distribution by slope values. Eight out of 9 @entity1 switched from placebo (2 years) to treatment (2-3 years), showed improving changes in their slope values. A beneficial effect of the treatment decreasing the rate of @entity227 was observed, likely through a protective action from free radical reactions in affected photoreceptors.

title: Treatment with @entity2226 , @entity3988 , and XXXX retards the progressive visual field @entity6391 : a 3-year follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field loss']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

answer: @entity270 :: (MESH:D014810,Chemical) :: ['vitamin E']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective study was to observe the correlation between the @entity1829 's height of single implant-supported maxillary central incisor and the distance from the base of the contact point to the alveolar bone crest. METHODS: 56 @entity1 involved in single implant-supported maxillary central incisor were included in this study. The distances from the base of the contact point to the alveolar bone crest in the digital periapical film of maxillary central incisor were measured using the software Planmeca Dimaxis Version 3.3.2. The time of measurements were as follows: The pre-surgical and post-surgical periods, before and after the crown installation, the follow-up examination of more than 0.5 year. To analyze the factor of influencing distance, and the correlation between the distance and the height of @entity2522 during the whole restored period. Correlation analysis between the distance and the height of @entity2522 during the whole restoration was done by the statistical software SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the ratio of esthetic papilla can achieve 54.5% at the crown installation and 95.5% at the follow-up examination when the distance was between 3 mm and 5 mm. When the distance was between 5 mm and 6 mm, they dropped to 30.0% and 75.0%, respectively. However, when the distance increased to above 7 mm, the papilla could hardly be in an esthetic outcome. There was a significant change of the distance was found during the periods from the post-surgery to pre-restoration, and the scope of the changes was between -0.13 mm and 0.46 mm. A negative correlation was found between the distance and the index of papilla. The correlation coefficient r was -0.715 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: It is proposed that the pre-surgery distance of maxillary central incisor from the base of the contact point to the alveolar bone crest can be used as one of the important reference indexes to assess and predict the height conditions of @entity2522 .

title: [Assessment research on the inter-proximal XXXX height of single implant-supported maxillary central incisor].

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival papilla']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['mesial papilla']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['mesial papilla']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The head and neck is the most common site of @entity320 , a @entity5 with poor prognosis. In contrast to @entity320 , @entity320 of the head and neck (MMHN) is uncommon, with limited data regarding outcomes and prognostic factors drawn from small, single-institution case series. In order to identify factors predictive of survival, we analyzed MMHN outcomes in a large US cohort. METHODS: MMHN cases (n = 815) diagnosed in the USA between 1973 and 2007 were analyzed in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry, and cause of @entity204 was individually determined in 778 (95.5%) cases. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to analyze prognostic variables. RESULTS: Disease-specific survival status was determined in 778 (95.5%) cases. The 5- and 10-year rates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were 25.2 and 12.2%; disease-specific survival (DSS), 32.4 and 19.3%. On multivariable analysis, anatomic primary site was an independent predictor of @entity1349 and DSS, with @entity5 in the nasal cavity and oral cavity associated with survival superior to @entity5 in the nasopharynx and paranasal sinuses. Age > 70 years, @entity5 size, nodal status, and distant @entity3 status were additional independent predictors of poorer survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of @entity1 with MMHN, we have identified several novel factors robustly predictive of overall and @entity320 -specific survival.

title: Predictors of survival in XXXX of the head and neck.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'cutaneous melanoma', 'mucosal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['mucosal melanoma']


abstract: We present the development of microbioreactors (MBRs) based on @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) segmented waveguides (SWG) for local absorbance measurements. Two different MBRs were studied, either using symmetric or asymmetric SWG (being defined as MBR-S and MBR-A, respectively). Their optical and fluidic performances were numerically analyzed, showing robustness from an optical point of view and distinct fluid flow profile. The optical characterization was done in two steps. Initially, the experimental limit of detection (LOD) and the sensitivity were determined for two different analytes ( @entity941 and methylorange). With both systems, a similar limit of detection for both analytes was obtained, being in the micromolar level. Their sensitivities were 20.2  0.3 ( 10     ) A.U./ M and 5.5  0.2 ( 10     ) A.U./ M for @entity941 and @entity25537 , respectively. Once validated its applicability for local absorbance measurements, a continuous cultivation of @entity375 was done to test the viability of the proposed systems for photonic MBRs. Concretely, the cell growth was locally monitored inside the MBR during 33   h. Spectral analysis showed that the determination of the culture parameters were wavelength dependant, with a growth rate of 0.39  0.02   h      and a doubling time of 1.65  0.09   h at an optimal wavelength of 469.9  0.3   nm. Besides the easy and monolithic integration of the SWG into @entity13768 microfluidic systems, the results presented here are very promising for the application in any disposable photonic lab-on-a-chip systems used for online analysis or photonic MBRs.

title: XXXX photonic microbioreactors based on segmented waveguides for local absorbance measurement.

entities_list: @entity25537 :: ('MESH:C100258', 'Chemical') :: ['methylorange']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(dimethylsiloxane)']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['Poly(dimethylsiloxane)']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Red blood cell (RBC) @entity5155 is a significant clinical complication of @entity3458 ( @entity3458 ). It can lead to difficulty with cross-matching for future transfusions and may sometimes trigger life-threatening delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions. We conducted a retrospective study to explore the association of clinical complications and age of RBC with @entity5155 in @entity1 with @entity3458 followed at a single institution from 2005 to 2012. One hundred and sixty six @entity1 with a total of 488 RBC transfusions were evaluated. Nineteen @entity1 (11%) developed new alloantibodies following blood transfusions during the period of review. The median age of RBC units was 20 days (interquartile range: 14-27 days). RBC antibody formation was significantly associated with the age of RBC units (P   =   0.002), with a hazard ratio of 3.5 (95% CI: 1.71-7.11) for a RBC unit that was 7 days old and 9.8 (95% CI: 2.66-35.97) for a unit that was 35 days old, 28 days after the blood transfusion. No association was observed between RBC @entity5155 and @entity432 . Although increased echocardiography-derived tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity ( @entity15510 ) was associated with the presence of RBC alloantibodies (P   =   0.02), @entity15510 was not significantly associated with @entity5155 when adjusted for @entity1 age and number of transfused RBC units. Our study suggests that RBC antibody formation is significantly associated with older age of RBCs at the time of transfusion. Prospective studies in @entity1 with @entity3458 are required to confirm this finding. Am. J. Hematol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Alloimmunization is associated with older age of transfused red blood cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5155 :: ('MESH:C536394', 'Disease') :: ['alloimmunization']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['SCD', 'sickle cell disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute vaso-occlusive complications']

answer: @entity3458 :: (MESH:D000755,Disease) :: ['sickle cell disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critically review the research in @entity1278 over the past 10 years and highlight recent advances in normal development as it pertains to these disorders and their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. METHOD: Computerized search methods were combined with manual searches of the literature. A detailed review of the most salient articles is provided. Preference was given to studies involving @entity1 and adolescents that approached the subject from a developmental perspective. RESULTS: The information from these studies is presented in a developmental framework. @entity1277 has progressed, but definitive longitudinal data are still absent from the literature. Research specific to treatment of @entity1 and @entity1277 remains rare. CONCLUSIONS: Data @entity1277 from a developmental perspective are available in only a few studies. Research is needed addressing normative data on the development of eating behavior and specific risk and resilience factors for pathology in specific developmental periods. Especially lacking are studies regarding the continuities and discontinuities of eating disturbances across the life span. Best documented are epidemiological studies of prevalence and incidence, long-term outcome in @entity1278 , and short-term treatment response in @entity6426 .

title: @entity1278 in XXXX and adolescents: a review of the past 10 years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['approaching eating disorders', 'adolescent eating disorders', 'Research in eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'juvenile anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity15 and @entity12319 are @entity792 with similar CNS inflammatory and neurodegenerative characteristics. Our aim was to investigate white matter tract changes and their association with cognitive function in @entity1 with @entity15 and those with @entity12319 compared with healthy controls by using diffusion tensor imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with relapsing-remitting @entity15 and 23 @entity1 with @entity12319 matched for disease severity and duration and 43 healthy controls were scanned with 3T MR imaging. The DTI was postprocessed, corrected for lesions, and analyzed with tract-based spatial statistics. Cognitive assessment included examination of processing speed; @entity227 ; and sustained attention and executive function. Differences were considered significant at P < .05. RESULTS: Tract-based spatial statistics analysis revealed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with healthy controls, decreased fractional anisotropy in @entity1 with @entity15 compared with those with @entity12319 , and an increased mean diffusivity in @entity1 with @entity12319 compared with healthy controls. @entity1 with @entity15 showed decreased fractional anisotropy throughout central WM pathways, including the corpus callosum and the inferior @entity542 compared with those with @entity12319 . Altered cognitive scores in @entity1 with @entity15 were significantly associated with decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in all examined domains, while in @entity1 with diffuse @entity12319 , only decreased fractional anisotropy in the superior WM pathways showed significant association with executive function. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity15 and @entity12319 showed widespread WM tract alterations outside overt lesions, though more severe changes were identified in @entity1 with @entity15 . The WM tract changes were associated with @entity73 in all explored domains only in @entity1 with @entity15 .

title: Cognitive and White Matter Tract Differences in @entity15 and Diffuse XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual, auditory/verbal, and visual-spatial memory']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['longitudinal and fronto-occipital fasciculi']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity158 is a quite frequent complaint accompanying numerous pathologies. Among these pathological cases, @entity16 are retrieved with identified etiologies (chemotherapies, @entity6 , surgeries   ) and also more diffuse syndromes such as @entity239 . More broadly, @entity158 is one of the first consequences of most @entity74 . Despite its importance for the quality of life, current @entity158 management is limited to drugs that are either old or with a limited efficacy or that possess a bad risk benefit ratio. As no new pharmacological concept has led to new analgesics in the last decades, the discovery of new medications is needed, and to this aim, the identification of new druggable targets in @entity158 transmission is a first step. Therefore, studies of ion channels in @entity158 pathways are extremely active. This is particularly true with ion channels in peripheral sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglia known how to express unique sets of these channels. Moreover, both spinal and supraspinal levels are clearly important in @entity158 modulation. Among these ion channels, we and others revealed the important role of low voltage-gated @entity460 channels in cellular excitability in different steps of the @entity158 pathways. These channels, by being activated nearby resting membrane potential, have biophysical characteristics suited to facilitate action potential generation and rhythmicity. In this review, we will present the current knowledge on the role of these channels in the perception and modulation of @entity158 .

title: T-type XXXX channels in neuropathic pain.

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['numerous neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previously, when a conventional neck exploration (CNE) without preceding diagnostic imaging was the surgical treatment for @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ) solitary @entity652 were observed in 69-88% of @entity1 . The advent of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), aiming at a preoperatively identified @entity8611 may be associated with a different incidence of solitary and multiglandular @entity8611 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a cohort of 467 @entity1 with sporadic @entity459 who preferentially underwent @entity3 in four hospitals in the same geographical region, the incidence of solitary @entity652 , multiple @entity652 , and @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ) was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 367 @entity1 were scheduled for @entity3 ; 100 @entity1 underwent a planned CNE. The overall surgical success rate of the first operation was 93%, and the cumulative success rate, including a second operative procedure, was 99%. Normocalcemia resulted from removing 1 abnormal PG in 426 @entity1 (91%) and more than one abnormal gland in 35 @entity1 (8%). A @entity3243 was diagnosed in four of the 426 @entity1 with a single abnormal gland. @entity1373 was observed in 1 @entity1 . In hospitals where diagnostic workup usually consisted of ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) the incidence of solitary @entity652 was 88%, compared with 96% in hospitals where MIBI, US, and CT were used preoperatively (P  =  0.007). CONCLUSIONS: A higher frequency of solitary @entity652 was observed than historically reported. The extent of the preoperative workup influences the number of observed solitary @entity652 .

title: Shifting incidence of solitary XXXX in the era of @entity3 . A multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['pHPT', 'primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['multiglandular hyperplasia', 'MGD', 'Four gland hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity8611 :: ('MESH:D010279', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid disease', 'parathyroid abnormality']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['MIP', 'minimally invasive parathyroidectomy']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: 20 @entity308 and 16 obsessive compulsive in- @entity1 who took part at a psychoanalytic group psychotherapy were reexamined 2--9 years later. The question was pursued whether there are relations between data of life history and severity of @entity11167 on the one hand and outcome on the other hand. On account of further individual and group psychotherapy after discharge different durations of treatment were reached. Their influence on the outcome was studied. The findings were: 1. Some data concerning education, profession/capacity for work, contact, sexuality/partnership could be related to favorable and unfavorable outcomes. 2. It was possible too, to find relations between items which characterize the severity of @entity11167 and outcome. 3. Longer duration of treatment results in significant better outcomes. 4. A tendency was found, that changes of @entity1314 traits in comparison with symptomatic improvement are more close connected with duration of treatment than with severity of @entity11167 .

title: [Prognostic criteria in institutional group psychotherapy of XXXX and compulsive neurotic @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic personality']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['neurotic depressive']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['neurotically depressed']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A limiting factor in the therapeutic outcome of @entity1 with high-risk @entity521 is the intrinsic and acquired resistance to common chemotherapeutic treatments. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which the hemisynthetic cardiac glycoside @entity70808 overcomes this limitation and induces differential cell death modalities in both neuroblastic and stromal @entity521 through stimulation of a cell-type-specific autophagic response eventually leading to apoptosis or necroptosis. In neuroblastic SH-SY5Y cells, we observed a time-dependent production of reactive @entity26 species that affects lysosomal integrity inducing lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 degradation and @entity467 and L activation. Subsequent mitochondrial membrane depolarization and accumulation of mitochondria in phagophores occurred after 8h of @entity70808 treatment. Results were confirmed by mitochondrial mass analysis, electron microscopy and co-localization of mitochondria with GFP-LC3, suggesting the impaired clearance of damaged mitochondria. Thus, a stress-induced defective autophagic flux and the subsequent lack of clearance of damaged mitochondria sensitized SH-SY5Y cells to @entity70808 -induced apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagy with small inhibitory RNAs against @entity10614 , @entity10615 and @entity8783 protected SH-SY5Y cells against the cytotoxic effect of @entity70808 by inhibiting apoptosis. In contrast, autophagy progression towards the catabolic state was observed in stromal SK-N-AS cells: here reactive @entity26 species (ROS) generation remained undetectable preserving intact lysosomes and engulfing damaged mitochondria after @entity70808 treatment. Moreover, autophagy inhibition determined sensitization of SK-N-AS to apoptosis. We identified efficient mitophagy as the key mechanism leading to failure of activation of the apoptotic pathway that increased resistance of SK-N-AS to @entity70808 , triggering rather necroptosis at higher doses. Altogether we characterize here the differential modulation of ROS and mitophagy as a @entity521 resistance with potential relevance for personalized anticancer therapeutic approaches.Oncogene advance online publication, 7 December 2015; doi:10.1038/onc.2015.455.

title: Cell type-dependent ROS and mitophagy response leads to apoptosis or necroptosis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma', 'main determinant of neuroblastoma']

answer: @entity521 :: (MESH:D009447,Disease) :: ['neuroblastoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Agriculture is an important source of emission of the greenhouse gas @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ). The observed differences in @entity3727 emission among different varieties of agricultural crops can be a key factor for developing @entity3727 emission reduction strategies. @entity3727 emissions were estimated from three varieties of @entity3505 viz. Sonalika, DBW 39, and K 0307 during 2010-2011 in an attempt to identify plant physiological and anatomical factors contributing to differences in gas emissions within the varieties. Sonalika was identified as a low @entity3727 emitting variety and DBW 39 as high emitting when grown in a uniform field condition. The experiment was repeated in 2011-2012 selecting low emitting Sonalika and high emitting variety DBW 39 for further confirmation of the results obtained during the first year of experimentation. Important plant factors namely rate of photosynthesis and transpiration in flag leaf, stomatal frequency of adaxial flag leaf surface, and size of the xylem vessels (mean vessel size of node, stem, and root) were studied, and their relationship with @entity3727 flux was worked out. A good correlation between transpiration and @entity3727 flux was observed in this study. Scanning electron microscopic investigation revealed strong association of flag leaf stomatal frequency and xylem size with @entity3727 emission. Sonalika, identified as low @entity3727 emitting variety during both the years of study, also recorded higher grain yield due to its higher efficiency of photosynthate allocation toward the developing grains. The observed differences in @entity3727 emission are considered to be due largely to genetic differences in the @entity3505 genotypes.

title: @entity3810 emission and mitigation from @entity3505 agriculture: association of physiological and anatomical characteristics of XXXX genotypes.

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules that significantly impact many cellular processes and have been associated with almost every @entity1 @entity5 . Compared to protein-coding genes, lncRNA genes are often associated with transposable elements, particularly with endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs). ERVs can have potentially deleterious effects on genome structure and function, so these elements are typically silenced in normal somatic tissues, albeit with varying efficiency. The aberrant regulation of ERVs associated with lncRNAs (ERV-lncRNAs), coupled with the diverse range of lncRNA functions, creates significant potential for ERV-lncRNAs to impact @entity5 biology. METHODS: We used RNA-seq analysis to identify and profile the expression of a novel lncRNA in six large cohorts, including over 7,500 samples from The @entity5 (TCGA). RESULTS: We identified the @entity5 -specific expression of a novel lncRNA that we have named Endogenous retroViral-associated @entity420 RNA or ' @entity71290 ', by analyzing RNA-seq data derived from @entity14 and matched normal control tissues. Subsequent analysis of TCGA RNA-seq data revealed the striking association of @entity71290 with @entity420 , which are @entity5 of glandular origin. Moderate to high levels of @entity71290 were detected in 25 to 53% of colon, rectal, lung, pancreas and @entity420 (mean   =   30 to 144 FPKM), and @entity71290 expression correlated with decreased @entity1 survival (Cox regression; hazard ratio   =   1.47, 95% confidence interval   =   1.06 to 2.04, P   =   0.02). In @entity5 sites of non-glandular origin, @entity71290 expression was detectable at only very low levels and in less than 10% of @entity1 . For @entity71290 , a MER48 ERV element provides an active promoter to drive its transcription. Genome-wide, MER48 insertions are associated with nine lncRNAs, but none of the MER48-associated lncRNAs other than @entity71290 were consistently expressed in @entity420 , demonstrating the specific activation of @entity71290 . The sequence and structure of the @entity71290 locus is highly conserved among Old World monkeys and apes but not New World monkeys or prosimians, where the MER48 insertion is absent. Conservation of the @entity71290 locus suggests a functional role for this novel lncRNA in @entity1 and our closest primate relatives. CONCLUSIONS: Our results describe the specific activation of a highly conserved ERV-lncRNA in numerous @entity5 of glandular origin, a finding with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic implications.

title: Activation of an endogenous retrovirus-associated long non-coding RNA in XXXX @entity420 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer Genome Atlas', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'stomach adenocarcinomas', 'ADenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Modern views on embryology have increased our understanding of the nature of oblique @entity2419 . The anomalies that have their origin at the junction of facial processes, such as the @entity1141 , may be named primary clefts or transformation. The maxillary clefts that are due to a developmental arrest of the skeleton are in fact secondary defects of differentiation defects. The teratology of these @entity600 is discussed, and attention is drawn to the @entity397 as a possible cause. All these clefts are rare, their incidence ranging from 0.75 to 5.4 per 1000 common clefts. This author has been involved in the treatment of nine of these @entity1 . Four had their @entity600 reconstructed with one of the conventional procedures described in the literature, but the results, although initially acceptable, soon deteriorated. A more @entity146 approach was therefore chosen. Rotation and advancement of the cheek proved to be extremely effective and is now advocated as the procedure of choice. The transposition of a median forehead flap is considered an excellent alternative. Use of these procedures in five @entity1 is reported. There were no complications.

title: Oblique XXXX : pathology, etiology, and reconstruction.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic rupture syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['facial clefts']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['nasomaxillary dysplasias']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['facial clefts']


abstract: RATIONALE: It has been proposed that @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) reflects free @entity26 -radical lipid peroxidation and can be useful as a biomarker to track this process. For the analysis of @entity1865 molecules in humid air by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT- @entity15 ), the rate coefficients and the ion product distributions for the reactions of the SIFT- @entity15 reagent ions with volatile @entity1865 in the presence of water vapour are required. METHODS: The SIFT technique has been used to determine the rate coefficients and ion product distributions for the reactions of @entity32909 , NO(+) and @entity3612 (+   ) with gas-phase @entity1865 . In support of the SIFT- @entity15 analysis of @entity1865 , solid-phase microextraction, SPME, coupled with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/ @entity15 , has been used to confirm the identification of @entity1865 . RESULTS: The primary product ions have been identified for the reactions of @entity32909 , NO(+) and @entity3612 (+   ) with @entity1865 and the formation of their hydrates formed in humid samples is described. The following combinations of reagent and the analyte ions (given as m/z values) have been adopted for SIFT- @entity15 analyses of @entity1865 in the gas phase: @entity32909 : 109; NO(+): 89, 102; @entity3612 : 72, 90, 108, 126. The detection and quantification of @entity1865 released by a cell culture by SIFT- @entity15 are demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: This detailed study has provided the kinetics data required for the SIFT- @entity15 analysis of @entity1865 in humid air, including exhaled breath and the headspace of liquid-phase biogenic media. The detection and quantification by SIFT- @entity15 of @entity1865 released by a cell culture are demonstrated. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Direct detection and quantification of XXXX vapour in humid air using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry supported by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity1234 :: (MESH:D008315,Chemical) :: ['malondialdehyde']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine preoperative predictors associated with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and unfavorable pathology in small renal masses treated with @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1625 records from 5 centers were retrospectively queried for @entity1 with a clinically localized single @entity5 <4cm on imaging (clinical @entity13712 ). Between 2007 and 2013, 1,009 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Unfavorable pathology was defined as any grade III or IV @entity1358 or @entity5 upstaged to pathologic T3a disease. @entity2357 models were used to determine preoperative characteristics associated with @entity1358 and with unfavorable pathology. RESULTS: A total of 771 (76.4%) @entity1 were found to have @entity1358 and 198 (19.6%) had unfavorable pathology. On multivariate, bootstrap-adjusted logistic regression analysis, factors associated with the presence of @entity5 were imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm (odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; P = 0.040), male sex (OR = 1.88; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.64; P = 0.005). These same factors were independently associated with risk of unfavorable pathology: size>= 3cm (OR = 1.46; P = 0.021), male sex (OR = 2.35; P<0.0001), and nephrometry score>= 8 (OR = 1.49; P = 0.015). The c statistic was 0.62 for the predicting @entity5 and 0.63 for unfavorable pathology. CONCLUSIONS: In this multi-institutional cohort, male sex, imaging @entity5 size>= 3cm, and nephrometry score>= 8 were predictors of @entity1358 and adverse pathology following @entity1625 . These factors may assist in risk stratification and selective renal mass biopsy before decision making. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings.

title: Preoperative predictors of @entity5 and unfavorable pathology for clinical @entity13712 XXXX treated with @entity1625 : A multi-institutional analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the course of cutaneous @entity44 in a population of 362 @entity1 examined in a pediatric dermatology unit from 1975 to 1982. 461 @entity2695 were observed in these @entity1 : 110 were of the naevus flammaeus type (port wine stain) including 23 forehead salmon patches. 351 were @entity44 ( @entity44 )--strawberry @entity2695 . 3.5 p. 100 of @entity1 were afflicted of two types of @entity2695 . Results concerning the 282 @entity1 with 351 @entity44 are detailed as followed: average follow-up: 2 years; sex-ratio M/S 1.9, most of them Caucasians. Prematurity (data obtained prospectively during 1982): 19 p. 100; clinical features: dermal: 253, subcutaneous: 35, mixed pattern 63; 2 @entity44 or more were detected in 12 p. 100 of the @entity1 ; site: head and neck; 49 p. 100, trunk: 21 p. 100, upper limbs: 14.5 lower limbs: 12 p. 100, genitals 3.5 p. 100; maximal size during follow-up: less than 1 cm: 36 p. 100, between 1 and 3 cm: 43 p. 100, more than 3 cm; 21 p. 100; time of onset: 51 p. 100 were noted at birth, 35 p. 100 during the first month, 13 p. 100 after the first month. Course of untreated @entity44 is shown in figure 1. At the end of follow-up, spontaneous evolution in 52 @entity1 was judged; very good in 44 p. 100, good in 41 p. 100, poor or bad in 15 p. 100. Minor complications ( @entity1066 , infection, @entity548 ) were observed in 12.8 p. 100. Functional impairment requiring therapy was present in 2/4 plantar @entity44 , 3/30 eyelid @entity44 , 3/3 @entity44 with laryngeal involvement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immature XXXX . Epidemiologic study of 351 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['angiomas', 'hemangiomas']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['immature angiomas', 'IA']

answer: @entity2695 :: (MESH:D006391,Disease) :: ['cutaneous hemangiomas']


abstract: Recent evidence indicates that the polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is involved in hippocampal plasticity. On the other hand, @entity13677 receptor activation is known to disturb some hippocampal processes involving plastic changes, such as learning and memory. Therefore, the present study investigated the effect of @entity10025 , a @entity13677 receptor agonist, on the expression of PSA-NCAM protein in the dentate gyrus (DG) and @entity1251 region of the @entity35 hippocampus. It was found that at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg i.p. of @entity10025 , the number of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive (IR) cells in the DG declined in a time-dependent manner. The decrease in PSA-NCAM expression was observed at 1 and 2 days (ca. 21% and 30%, respectively), but not after 4 h and 4 days following @entity10025 administration. However, @entity10025 treatment did not change the length density of PSA-NCAM immunopositive processes in @entity1251 mossy fibers at all the time points measured. The effect observed in the DG on day 2 was blocked by @entity14513 (1 mg/kg, i.p.), a @entity13677 receptor antagonist, given 30 min before @entity10025 . Neither the number of Ki-67 (IR) cells (a marker of proliferation) nor the number of doublecortin-IR cells (a marker of immature neurons) was affected by @entity10025 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment at any of the time points. An analysis of co-localization of @entity13677 receptor protein with PSA-NCAM protein revealed that both proteins were not present in the same population of neurons in the subgranular layer of the DG. The observed changes in PSA-NCAM expression were not related to the reduction of proliferation or differentiation of newly born cells, but were possible due to alternations in the synaptic activity in the DG. However, such alteration in the PSA-NCAM expression may change the timing of the functional maturation of newly born neurons. Moreover, the above finding suggests that acute activation of @entity13677 receptors may result in the stiffening of the hippocampal structure and susceptibility to plastic changes and may lead to functional impairment governed by alterations in the hippocampal structure.

title: Acute activation of XXXX cannabinoid receptors transiently decreases PSA-NCAM expression in the dentate gyrus of the @entity35 hippocampus.

answer: @entity13677 :: (25248(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CB1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare early recurrence between good-quality white-light Transurethral Resection of Bladder @entity5 (TURBT) (GQ-WLTURBT) and photodynamic diagnosis-assisted (PDD) TURBT in a real-life controlled setting. METHODS: A prospective controlled study was conducted commencing with a planned prospective cohort of @entity1 with new @entity5 undergoing white-light TURBT in 2007-2008. Previously defined principles of GQ-WLTURBT for standardization and comparison of TURBT techniques, which are (1) cystoscopic mapping using a bladder diagram, (2) documented complete resection of the @entity5 , (3) resection performed or supervised by an experienced surgeon, (4) presence of detrusor muscle in the specimen, and (5) @entity1 receiving @entity1138 within 24 hours of the resection, were applied. This was followed by a prospective cohort of new @entity1 undergoing PDD-TURBT in 2009-2011. Only @entity1 with new non-muscle-invasive @entity150 (NMIBC) deemed to have had complete first TURBT were included for analysis. Tumor features and findings at first check cystoscopy and early re-TURBT (in high-risk NMIBC) were evaluated. Early recurrence (for calculating recurrence rate at first follow-up cystoscopy) was defined as pathologically confirmed @entity5 on early re-TURBT or recurrence at the first check cystoscopy. Comparison was analyzed between GQ-WLTURBT and good-quality PDD-TURBT (GQ-PDDTURBT). RESULTS: A total of 808 @entity1 were evaluated. The overall RRFFCs for GQ-WLTURBT and GQ-PDDTURBT were 30.9% and 13.6%, respectively (odds ratio  = 2.9; 95% CI  = 1.6-5.0; P  <.001), with statistically significant lower recurrence rates in low- and intermediate-risk NMIBC after GQ-PDDTURBT. CONCLUSION: Hexvix PDD-assisted TURBT is associated with a significantly lower risk of early recurrence compared with GQ-WLTURBT in a real-life clinical setting.

title: Real-life Experience: Early Recurrence With Hexvix Photodynamic Diagnosis-assisted Transurethral Resection of Bladder XXXX (TURBT) vs Good-quality White Light TURBT in New Non-muscle-invasive @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumour', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and selected demographic features of @entity1 with @entity785 ( @entity785 ) seen over a 10-year period at the Rheumatology service of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Barbados. To compare these data with what is known to obtain in other ethnic populations. DESIGN AND METHODS: A chart review involving all @entity1 who were found to have @entity785 based on the American College of Rheumatology clinical criteria was conducted between 1996 and 2006. RESULTS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity785 were identified in this predominantly Afro-Caribbean population. The prevalent and incident cases numbered 10 and 17 respectively. Twenty-six of these @entity1 were female and the mean age at diagnosis was 37.3 years. Diffuse cutaneous involvement was seen in 63% of cases and limited cutaneous involvement in 37%. The most common clinical features in descending order of frequency were @entity2407 , @entity354 , pigmentary skin changes, digital pitting/ulceration, @entity8721 and @entity358 . CONCLUSION: In a predominantly Afro-Caribbean population, @entity785 was uncommonly seen, had a marked female preponderance and an earlier age of onset than that seen in Caucasian populations. As expected, diffuse disease was the more common subtype and digital pitting, pigmentary skin changes, and @entity358 were amongst the most frequent clinical features. @entity8721 were found more frequently than the literature suggests is typical for @entity1 of African descent.

title: XXXX in an Afro-Caribbean population: a review of demographic and clinical features.

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia', 'Telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity2407 :: ('MESH:D011928', 'Disease') :: ["Raynaud's phenomenon"]

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic sclerosis']