abstract: @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) has a poor prognosis. Conventional treatment strategies, including chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, have limited value. Although encouraging results have been achieved in terms of objective response using immunological manipulations, no conclusive studies yet exist with a controlled comparative evaluation of survival. Therefore, the present study was undertaken, which compared one of the present (and presumed best) treatments, @entity13236 ( @entity1199 / @entity3027 ) and @entity440 , with a control arm of @entity440 only. @entity440 has been shown to potentiate in vivo anti- @entity5 activity of @entity1199 , and because of its non-toxic behaviour it was included in both groups. The study was open, randomized and included seven institutions in Sweden. The @entity1 were stratified according to the different centres involved. An interim analysis was planned when a minimum of 100 @entity1 were evaluable. The 128 @entity1 finally included had a histologically documented metastatic @entity1358 , with a life expectancy of more than 3 months, a performance status WHO 0-2 and no prior chemo- or immunotherapy. Informed consent was obtained from each @entity1 . The @entity1 randomized to the control arm (n = 63) received only @entity440 40 mg p.o. daily for at least 1 year or until progression. The @entity1 (n = 65) randomized to biotherapy received subcutaneous recombinant @entity1199 , leucocyte @entity3027 in a treatment cycle of 42 days, as well as @entity440 p.o. In the absence of undue @entity137 or disease progression, these @entity1 received one additional treatment cycle of 42 days followed by maintenance treatment, consisting of 5 days therapy every 4 weeks, for 1 year, or until proven progression. Only two @entity1 in the @entity440 -only group received immunotherapy when the disease progressed, but without any beneficial effect. All @entity1 received appropriate local treatment when indicated. The interim analysis demonstrated no survival advantage for either group, and therefore further inclusion of @entity1 was stopped. The median follow-up was 11 months (range 0.4-48 months). The final survival analysis showed no significant differences between the two treatment arms in so far as comparison from the day of diagnosis of @entity66 , from the day of first evidence of metastatic spread, or from the onset of treatment. This was valid both when the evaluation was performed with regard to intention to treat and when the analysis was directed only to @entity1 that managed at least one treatment cycle (42 days) of @entity1199 / @entity3027 . The adverse effects were more pronounced in the @entity1199 / @entity3027 group. Although the number of @entity1 is limited, the results raise doubt concerning immunotherapy with @entity1199 and @entity3027 as a routine treatment in the management of advanced @entity1358 . The difference in cost of drugs and health care (drug costs per @entity1 : @entity1199 / @entity3027  27000 vs @entity440  360) as well as adverse effects caused by @entity1199 / @entity3027 are also factors of importance. The study emphasizes the need for more effort to find the 'optimal schedule' of immunotherapy, as well as the need for randomized controlled studies before approval of a new treatment in the routine setting.

title: @entity1358 -a randomized evaluation of @entity440 vs @entity1199 , alpha-interferon (leucocyte) and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen', 'Tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity13236 :: ('50616', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 2/interferon-alpha']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity440 :: (MESH:D013629,Chemical) :: ['tamoxifen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Community-acquired @entity55 is the most common infectious cause of @entity204 in the US. Over the last 2 decades, @entity1 characteristics and clinical care have changed. To understand the impact of these changes, we quantified incidence and mortality trends among elderly adults. METHODS: We used Medicare claims to identify episodes of @entity55 , based on a validated combination of diagnosis codes. Comorbidities were ascertained using the diagnosis codes located on a 1-year look back. Trends in @entity1 characteristics and site of care were compared. The association between year of @entity55 episode and 30-day mortality was then evaluated by logistic regression, with adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidities. RESULTS: We identified 2,654,955 cases of @entity55 from 1987-2005. During this period, the proportion treated as inpatients decreased, the proportion aged >= 80 years increased, and the frequency of many comorbidities rose. Adjusted incidence increased to 3096 episodes per 100,000 population in 1999, with some decrease thereafter. Age/sex-adjusted mortality decreased from 13.5% to 9.7%, a relative reduction of 28.1%. Compared with 1987, the risk of mortality decreased through 2005 (adjusted odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.47). This result was robust to a restriction on comorbid diagnoses assessing for the results' sensitivity to increased coding. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show a marked mortality reduction over time in @entity497 @entity1 . We hypothesize that increased pneumococcal and @entity683 vaccination rates as well as wider use of guideline-concordant antibiotics explain a large portion of this trend.

title: Marked reduction in 30-day mortality among elderly XXXX with @entity497 .

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['community-acquired pneumonia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Supplementation with @entity3089 has been determined to aid in the prevention of @entity28 . Decaffeinated green tea extract appears to restore a normal hepatic metabolic profile and attenuate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced effects, thereby preventing @entity1561 in @entity19 . @entity19 were maintained on either a @entity23 ( @entity23 ) or HFD for 16 weeks and supplemented with either water or green tea extract (50 mg/kg/day). The body mass increase, serum adiponectin level, and lipid profile were measured over the course of the treatment. Furthermore, the AMPK pathway protein expression in the liver was measured. From the fourth week, the @entity1017 in the @entity23 + green tea extract (CE) group was lower than that in the @entity23 + water (CW) group. From the eighth week, the @entity1017 in the HFD + water (HFW) group was found to be higher than that in the CW group. Moreover, the @entity1017 in the HFD + green tea extract (HFE) group was found to be lower than that in the HFW group. Carcass lipid content was found to be higher in the HFW group than that in the CW and HFE groups. Serum analysis showed reduced non-esterified @entity844 level in the CE and HFE groups as compared with their corresponding placebo groups. Increased adiponectin level was observed in the same groups. Increased VLDL-TG secretion was observed in the HFW group as compared with the CW and HFE groups. Increased protein expression of @entity58728 , @entity14075 , pLKB1, and pAMPK was observed in the HFE group, which explained the reduced expression of ACC, FAS, @entity4062 , and @entity33134 in this group. These results indicate that the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract may be related to the activation of AMPK via @entity2448 in the liver of HFD-fed @entity19 .

title: Green Tea Extract Rich in @entity3089 Prevents Fatty Liver by AMPK Activation via XXXX in @entity19 Fed a High-Fat Diet.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'control diet']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

answer: @entity2448 :: (20869(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['LKB1']


abstract: Allergen challenges of airway mucosa are commonly followed by an increased sensitivity to rechallenge with allergen. In the lower airways this phenomenon has been associated with the late phase of allergic airway reactions, which in turn has been suggested as a link between @entity2021 and @entity56 . The aim of the present investigation was to explore further the phenomenon of allergen-induced @entity6587 and to see whether it was possible to induce such a reaction in the skin. Twenty-six @entity1 with @entity2023 due to birch and/or grass pollens were studied in the pollen-free winter months. Nine of these @entity1 had previously demonstrated an increased reactivity following allergen challenge in the nose, and nine of the @entity1 had cutaneous allergen-induced late-phase reactions to the allergen tested. Skin-prick tests were performed with pollen allergen, @entity112 , and a negative control. The areas of the weal-and-flare reactions were measured 15 min after the tests were set. Any late-phase reactions were recorded 6 hr after the skin challenge. The subjects were re-tested with allergen and @entity112 24 hr after the initial prick test within the area of the corresponding weal from the previous day. In contrast to previous challenges of @entity1 airway mucosa, where the same time interval was used, we found no increased responsiveness to rechallenge as compared with the initial allergen challenge. This was true, even if only the subgroups with previously demonstrated nasal allergen-induced @entity6587 , or cutaneous late-phase reaction were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allergen-induced @entity6587 is not a feature of dermal immediate XXXX --in contrast to reactions of airways mucosa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['seasonal allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['continuous allergic airway disease']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic reactions']


abstract: @entity263 is a slowly developing but very common @entity5 in males that may be amenable to preventive strategies that are not toxic. Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), a food herb made by fermenting Monascus purpureus Went @entity375 on white @entity579 , contains a mixture of eight different monacolins that inhibit cholesterogenesis in addition to red pigments with antioxidant properties. Monacolin K is identical to lovastatin (LV), but LV unlike RYR can be used in individuals intolerant to statins due to @entity925 . Both LV and RYR inhibit de novo cholesterogenesis, which is critical to the growth of @entity5 cells. Long-term use of statin drugs has been associated with a reduced risk of @entity263 . We have previously shown that RYR inhibited @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 receptor-overexpressing @entity342 -independent @entity263 cell proliferation in vitro. This study was designed to determine whether RYR and @entity263 growth in @entity915 @entity19 . RYR significantly reduced @entity5 volumes of @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent prostate xenograft @entity5 compared with animals receiving vehicle alone (P < 0.05). Inhibition by RYR was greater than that observed with LV at the dose found in RYR, showing that other compounds in RYR contributed to the antiproliferative effect. There was a significant correlation of @entity5 volume to serum @entity165 (P < 0.001). RYR decreased gene expression of @entity342 synthesizing enzymes (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, and SRD5A1) in both type of @entity5 (P < 0.05). Clinical studies of RYR for @entity263 prevention in the increasing population of @entity1 undergoing active surveillance should be considered.

title: Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 @entity263 growth in @entity915 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['LV inhibit prostate tumor', 'Prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) diets exert a @entity12233 effect at constant levels of @entity460 intake, even though the effect may depend on the nature of the dietary protein. Lower urinary pH is also consistently observed for subjects consuming @entity2101 diets. The combination of these two effects was suspected to be associated with a dietary environment favorable for demineralization of the skeleton. However, increased @entity460 excretion due to @entity2101 diet does not seem to be linked to impaired @entity460 balance. In contrast, some data indicate that @entity2101 intakes induce an increase of intestinal @entity460 absorption. Moreover, no clinical data support the hypothesis of a detrimental effect of @entity2101 diet on bone health, except in a context of inadequate @entity460 supply. In addition, @entity2101 promotes bone growth and retards @entity604 and low-protein diet is associated with higher risk of @entity173 . The increase of acid and @entity460 excretion due to @entity2101 diet is also accused of constituting a favorable environment for @entity1290 and @entity8 . However, in healthy subjects, no damaging effect of @entity2101 diets on kidney has been found in either observational or interventional studies and it seems that @entity2101 diets might be deleterious only in @entity1 with preexisting metabolic @entity8 . Thus, @entity2101 diet does not seem to lead to @entity460 @entity604 , and the role of protein seems to be complex and probably dependent on other dietary factors and the presence of other nutrients in the diet.

title: Protein intake, XXXX balance and health consequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity12233 :: ('MESH:C562793', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalciuric']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['HP intake', 'HP', 'High-protein']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: Developments in the treatment of stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ cell @entity5 have aimed primarily at reducing morbidity since the introduction of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Surveillance after orchidectomy, i.e. follow-up alone with chemotherapy only for relapsed disease, was found to be logistically and psychologically taxing for @entity1 . Risk factors for relapse were, however, identified from analyses of @entity5 histology of the orchidectomy specimen. Between September 1988 and April 1992, 20 @entity1 with clinical stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ cell @entity5 and a relatively high risk of relapse were entered into a prospective study of adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of 2 cycles of @entity900 , @entity2879 and @entity1732 . Each cycle of chemotherapy lasted 3 days. There have been no relapses at a median follow-up of 31 months (range 12-53 months). Acute and late @entity137 have been modest. We have found adjuvant chemotherapy to be effective after orchidectomy in @entity1 with stage I disease with adverse prognostic factors for relapse.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I non-seminomatous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: In a study of the efficacy of two different treatment schedules for perennial immunotherapy, 47 adult @entity1 with spring-time hay @entity221 due to @entity566 against birch and other deciduous trees were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: one group received birch, alder and hazel allergen in Allpyral, another group received the same Allpyral mixture and in addition all relevant tree pollens in aqueous extract and a control group received no injections. For determination of antibody titres the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the @entity4859 precipitation (ASP) technique were used. Cellular responsiveness was studied by measuring birch pollen (BP) induced leucocyte @entity112 release in peripheral blood. The clinical and immunological response was similar in the two treated groups. Treated @entity1 had less symptoms and a lower consumption of @entity16206 tablets during the pollen season than the control group. Non-IgE BP antibodies and IgE antibodies recorded with the ASP technique increased after immunotherapy while RAST values did not change significantly. A decrease of RAST values from postseasonal values during the first year to preseasonal values in the following year was seen in all @entity1 groups but was less pronounced in treated than in untreated @entity1 . The decrease was more pronounced in @entity1 with high RAST values of postseasonal sera than in @entity1 with low RAST values. Cellular reactivity increased slightly during the first phase of therapy but returned to the pre-treatment level later. Clinical improvement was positively correlated to the percentage increase of non-IgE antibody titre and to the pre-treatment non-IgE/IgE antibody ratio. @entity1 with high preseasonal RAST titres or high cellular sensitivity tended to have more severe symptoms during the pollen season. It is concluded that a mixture of birch, alder and hazel is sufficient for immunotherapy in spring-term hay @entity221 . It is obvious that changes of a single immunological variable do not account for the therapeutic results in immunotherapy.

title: Immunotherapy in spring-time hay XXXX . A clinical and immunological study comparing two different treatment extract compositions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity4859 :: ('CHEBI:62946', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium sulphate']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['fever']


abstract: This is the first reported case of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of cranial @entity3 from @entity157 . A 53-year-old male was admitted to our hospital on August 23, 1994, complaining of severe @entity10 and a subcutaneous mass on the forehead. He was diagnosed as @entity157 in February, 1994, at another hospital. Because of multiple intrahepatic @entity3 , he was inoperable and received transarterial embolization (TAE) on February 15, 1994. He had noticed the subcutaneous mass two months prior to admission, and its recent rapid growth, and morning @entity10 . On admission, there was no abnormality observed by neurological and physical examination except the subcutaneous mass on his forehead, 5 x 7 cm in size. It was elastic soft and unmovable, and he felt tenderness. Laboratory examination showed only mild @entity409 . HBsAg was negative, and @entity160 and PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by @entity2067 Antagonists) were within normal limit. Skull X-ray showed a round bone defect in the frontal bone. Computerized tomographic (CT) scan showed @entity79 and a well-circumscribed high density mass extending from the frontal subcutaneous region into the cranial cavity. MRI showed the @entity5 compressing the left frontal lobe on T1 weighted image as isointense and T2 weighted image showed a slight low intense mass. The @entity5 was clearly enhanced on both CT scan and MRI. Left external carotid angiogram demonstrated that the hypervascular @entity5 mainly fed by a frontal branch of the left superficial temporal artery in the frontal region. @entity5 and bone scintigram revealed multiple bone @entity3 . Lung CT scan showed no @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A rare case of cranial @entity3 from XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: This work explores the phenotypic changes affecting transformed cells in an experimental model of @entity4742 ( @entity4743 )-induced @entity703 in male @entity329 . This @entity172 -induced @entity5 presents an important cytological pleomorphism and its origin remains largely controversial. In order to characterize phenotypic variations during @entity5 progression, the occurrence of seven lineage markers was analysed by a morphometric approach in kidney sections of @entity4743 -exposed hamsters (6-11 months). S100 protein, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and @entity47850 are expressed by a large percentage of malignant cells during @entity5 development. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and desmin are mostly evidenced in advanced @entity5 whereas Leu 7 always presents a focal expression. As evidenced by double-label immunofluorescence, the coexpression of three important neuroectodermal lineage markers (S100, NSE and PGP 9.5) in earliest @entity5 buds points to a peripheral nerve sheath origin for this @entity5 thus confirming previously published data. For each marker, the fluctuations of expression levels during @entity5 progression as well as the spatial heterogeneity of distribution suggest variable phenotypic differentiation of transformed cell populations. This observation is largely corroborated by double-label immunofluorescence showing coexpression modification of several markers during @entity5 progression. This points to a complex dynamic and spatial self-organization of different phenotypes within @entity5 . Altogether, these results support the concept that @entity4743 -induced @entity703 are not made of unstructured cell populations but represent adaptive complex dynamic biosystems.

title: Phenotypic variations and dynamic topography of transformed cells in an experimental model of XXXX -induced @entity703 in male @entity329 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamster']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumours', 'kidney tumours']

answer: @entity4742 :: (MESH:D004054,Chemical) :: ['diethylstilbestrol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A palette of copy number changes in a case of adult pilocytic @entity816 analyzed by Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) is presented. @entity816 are specific @entity11 that are benign and biologically distinct and the molecular mechanisms responsible for their development remain unexplained. The aCGH was performed using SurePrint G3 @entity1 CGH microarrays 4   *   180  K (Agilent Technologies). To ascertain whether some of the aberrations were of constitutive nature, we also analyzed the blood sample from the same @entity1 . RESULTS: The result of aCGH analysis demonstrated differences in the @entity5 tissue when compared to normal control on the array and also to autologous DNA from @entity1 's blood. The total number of aberrations found in our case was 41 including 37 deletions and 4 amplifications. Whole chromosomal gains and losses were not observed. Collectively, our results showed three deletions and one amplification at 1p, two deletions at 2q, two deletions at 4q, two deletion at 5q, two deletions at 7p and two deletions at 7q; there were also three deletions at 8q, one deletion at 9p, one deletion at 10p, three deletions and one amplification at 10q. Chromosome 11 showed two deletions at 11p, while there was one deletion at 12p and one at 12q. Four deletions at 14q; two deletions at 15q, one amplification at 17q and one deletion at 17q; one deletion at 18p, two deletions at 22q and finally one deletion at Xp and one deletion and one amplification at Xq. Among the signaling pathways, olfactory transduction, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis and @entity876 signaling pathway showed significant enrichment ascertained by gene ontology (GO) analysis using the DAVID software. CONCLUSIONS: Our aCGH analysis is bringing subtle genomic alterations thus broadening genetic spectrum of adult pilocytic @entity816 in order to offer new molecular biomarkers that will help in diagnostics and therapeutic decision-making.

title: Genetic changes observed in a case of adult pilocytic XXXX revealed by array CGH analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['Pilocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results from a number of long-term follow-up studies have suggested that @entity101 in pregnancy are associated with increased risk of @entity65 later in life. More recently, this putative relationship has been substantiated with findings of elevated cardiovascular risk factors, such as lipid profiles and @entity413 , in @entity1 with a history of @entity101 . @entity1255 is a sensitive indicator of increased risk but data on @entity1255 levels in @entity1 with a history of @entity101 are inconsistent. DESIGN: This cohort study included 279 @entity1 with a history of @entity101 at term and 85 @entity1 with a history of uncomplicated pregnancies who participated in the Hypitat Risk Assessment Study (HyRAS). METHODS: Blood samples for total @entity1255 determination were taken 2.5 years postpartum. @entity1255 levels were determined in plasma using an immunoassay. RESULTS: @entity1 with a history of @entity101 had significant higher median @entity1255 levels (10.66    mol/L) 2.5 years postpartum compared with @entity1 with a history uncomplicated pregnancies (9.82    mol/L; p=0.002). @entity1 with a history of @entity101 had a higher risk of having a @entity1255 level in the highest quartile (odds ratio 3.4, 95% confidence interval 1.5-7.6). CONCLUSION: At 2.5 years postpartum, @entity1 with a history @entity101 had higher @entity1255 levels than @entity1 who had uncomplicated pregnancies. Although higher @entity1255 levels might be a potential link between a history of @entity101 and @entity65 risk later in life, the clinical implications remain an area for future research.

title: Homocysteinemia After XXXX Pregnancy Disorders at Term.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive disorders', 'hypertensive pregnancy disorders']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['increased cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the nature and extent of @entity393 and other @entity14696 in @entity1 with @entity2383 , and to document the risk of @entity179 with @entity281 . DESIGN: Medical chart review and telephone interview of 40 @entity1 with documented @entity2383 . SETTING: An international referral center for the diagnosis and management of @entity2383 . @entity1 : We describe 40 @entity1 with a definitive diagnosis of @entity2383 . Thirty-three (82%) were younger than 15 years. RESULTS: @entity393 was the most common clinical finding associated with @entity2383 . Twenty-eight (80%) of the 35 @entity1 undergoing testing had @entity393 or significant @entity2167 . In 20 (57%) of these, @entity616 were identified. Eight (30%) of the 27 @entity1 had an abnormal number of recurrent @entity1729 , and 4 (50%) of these had life-threatening or neurodegenerative sequelae. @entity2383 followed an episodic course, with periods of @entity3179 or slow developmental progress, punctuated by neurodegenerative events in 18 (60%) of 30 @entity1 . Intercurrent @entity281 was recognized as a precipitant of neurodegenerative events in 13 (72%) of 18 @entity1 with a history of @entity528 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and adults with @entity2383 are at high risk for @entity393 and life-threatening complications of intercurrent infections. A constellation of @entity854 , multiorgan system involvement, and history of neuromuscular setbacks with @entity281 strongly suggests @entity2383 . Knowledge of these features can lead to more rapid diagnosis and improved medical and surgical management for this special group of @entity1 with fundamental defects in bioenergy metabolism.

title: The otolaryngological manifestations of XXXX and the risk of @entity179 with @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['auditory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity14696 :: ('MESH:D010038', 'Disease') :: ['otolaryngological problems']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['audiologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'Hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['episodic degeneration']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['brainstem conduction abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial disease', 'Mitochondrial disease', 'mitochondrial disorders']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['mitochondrial disease']


abstract: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and four subfractions, A, B, C, and D of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), characterized by the following decreasing Sf values, greater than 400, 175-400, 100-175, and 20-100, respectively, were isolated by density gradient preparative ultracentrifugation from serum of normal @entity1 and @entity1 and analyzed for lipids, total protein, and @entity755 . The percentage distribution of the @entity1674 of VLDL on fractions A to D were 1, 25, 30, and 45%, respectively, for both males and females. The numbers of VLDL particles for males in fractions B to D were 5, 10, and 40 X 10(12) per ml serum, respectively. Females, who had lower VLDL concentrations than males, had half as many particles per ml of serum. The number of LDL particles was similar in males and females and was 10 times that of VLDL. The relative composition of the lipoproteins changed progressively from fraction B to D and from D to LDL. The percentage of @entity412 and soluble proteins fell, due to loss of mass of these constituents from the particles. The percentage of @entity755 and @entity8557 rose; this was not due to an increase of mass but because the particles became smaller. There were no sex differences. The numbers of molecules per particle of the constituents showed a successive decrease from VLDL-B to LDL for @entity1674 , free @entity165 , phospholipids, and soluble apolipoproteins, while it remained constant for @entity755 , as well as for @entity8557 from VLDL-C to LDL. These data fit the following hypothesis for the VLDL to LDL cascade. The large VLDL particle successively loses molecules of @entity1674 (core) and of soluble protein, free @entity165 , and phospholipids (surface). In this process, VLDL retains its molecules of @entity755 , and @entity8557 are lost from large VLDL but not from medium or small-sized VLDL.

title: Composition, concentration, and size of low density lipoproteins and of subfractions of very low density lipoproteins from serum of normal XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity8557 :: ('MESH:D002788', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesteryl esters']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Prior studies have shown that @entity591 results in @entity308 in @entity235 with chronic, gradual coronary occlusion. This response was compared with that produced by acute, total occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Ten @entity235 served as controls; in another 10 @entity235 , an ameroid constrictor was implanted about the left anterior descending artery. This artery was acutely ligated in a third set of 10 animals, and in a final set of 10, the distal left anterior descending coronary vasculature was embolized by latex injection. @entity591 was produced by atrial pacing from rates of 90 to 250 beats/min using implanted atrial electrodes. Electrocardiographic signals registered from 84 torso electrodes were used to construct body surface isopotential maps during the ST segment. In normal @entity235 , pacing increased repolarization potentials without shifts in spatial features. New and abnormal anterior negativity, correlating with significant ST @entity308 , appeared at rates of 170 beats/min or faster in @entity235 with ameroid constriction. However, in both groups with @entity432 that produced transmural @entity583 , @entity591 resulted in increases in anterior ST elevation and reciprocal ST @entity308 . Specific findings demonstrated the lead dependency of the response to @entity591 and the greater than normal increase in potential magnitudes after @entity1188 than in control cases. The similarity of the response with @entity432 and with embolization suggested that the response to @entity591 after @entity1188 was not dependent on coronary collateral function but may represent a direct electrophysiologic effect of rate. Thus, these @entity432 models simulate exercise-induced ST segment elevation as it may be seen clinically.

title: Effects of experimental XXXX on the ST segment response to @entity591 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['Tachycardia', 'tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['acute occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: We have examined effects of chronic reduction of intraluminal @entity4095 on blood flow through vasa vasorum, by comparing large arteries and veins, and effects of acute @entity519 on flow through vasa. Microspheres were used to measure flow in anesthetized @entity235 . Values obtained with different sizes of microspheres suggest that spheres 9 and 15 micron in diam, but not 50 micron, are appropriate for measurement of blood flow through vasa vasorum. Flow [expressed as ml X min-1 X 100 g-1 (SE)] through medial vasa was similar in the aorta (9.0 +/- 2.1) and pulmonary artery (9.3 +/- 1.1) although, on the basis of wall thickness and number of lamellae, one would predict much higher levels of flow to aortic media. Two veins that we studied have a thick muscular wall. Both veins had high levels of flow through medial vasa: 33 +/- 4.4 to the subdiaphragmatic inferior vena cava and 18 +/- 5.4 to the portal vein. Two other veins are apparently conduit vessels, with dense connective tissue and minimal smooth muscle. Both veins had minimal flow through medial vasa: 2.4 +/- 1.0 to superior vena cava, and 1.9 +/- 0.8 to supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava. Thus, because flow through vasa differs greatly in different veins, structure of the vessel (as well as intraluminal @entity4095 ) is an important determinant of flow through vasa. Acute @entity519 increased conductance of medial vasa vasorum of arteries and veins when neurohumoral constrictor effects were blocked by @entity5333 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood flow through vasa vasorum in arteries and veins: effects of luminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5333 :: ('MESH:D010643', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxybenzamine']

answer: @entity4095 :: (MESH:C093415,Chemical) :: ['PO2']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity5 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity5 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity1 with a potential @entity5 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity10431 ( @entity10431 ) gene expression is @entity5 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity3419 promoter element in a large @entity1 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity1820 @entity1 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity10431 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity5 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity10431 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity3419 to region -152/-135 in @entity5 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity356 @entity1 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity18720 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity356 @entity1 . A significant correlation between @entity18720 (P < 0.0001) and @entity3419 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity10431 expression was observed in @entity5 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity1 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity5 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity10431 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity5 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity1 with @entity5 -restricted @entity10431 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an XXXX / @entity3419 element of the @entity10431 promoter in a first large series of resected @entity1820 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10431 :: ('5329', 'Gene') :: ['u-PAR', 'urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity18720 :: (7020,Gene) :: ['activator protein-2']


abstract: The polypeptide pattern of red blood cell (RBC) membranes from @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity1641 , @entity95 , @entity840 , @entity35 , @entity19 , analyzed by @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, was compared to @entity1 RBC counterpart. Some qualitative and quantitative differences were noted. Among the high molecular weight components the bands 2.1-2.3 appeared slightly decreased in @entity95 and @entity35 and increased in @entity742 RBC membranes. Band 3 appeared to have a higher molecular weight in the @entity291 , @entity840 and @entity19 RBCs, and a lower molecular weight in the @entity742 RBCs. @entity58345 from the RBC membranes of @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity95 and @entity840 was splitted into two sub-bands, while band 4.2 overlapped with @entity58345 in @entity1641 and @entity840 RBC membranes. There are marked differences in the number and position of bands in the 4.5 region, while band 4.9 is present in higher amounts in @entity1641 , @entity95 and @entity840 RBC membranes. Band 6 ( @entity60251 ) was undetectable in @entity1641 , @entity35 and @entity19 RBC membranes and was decreased in @entity742 , @entity95 and @entity840 . There are also major differences in the region of band 7 and below ("post-7"). Band 8 was undetectable in @entity1641 , @entity291 and @entity840 , and was in higher amounts in @entity35 . A band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 22 kD in the "post-8" region was present only in @entity840 RBC membranes.

title: Comparative studies of the protein composition of red blood cell membranes from eight XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity60251 :: ('100033897(Tax:9796)', 'Gene') :: ['glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical, ultrasound and pathological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity263 diagnosed by ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy who consulted for lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with @entity1067 . METHODS: From 1994 to 1998 ultrasound-guided transrectal biopsy of the prostate was performed in 1,548 @entity1 aged 49-90 years (mean age 70 +/- 7). Of these, 613 (40%) were diagnosed with @entity5 . Biopsy was performed in 161 @entity1 (60%) with elevated PSA but no suspicion of @entity5 on digital rectal examination, and 452 @entity1 with a suspicious DRE. Only 10 of these 452 @entity1 (2%) had a PSA value within the normal ranges. Ninety-seven percent of the @entity1 with @entity5 were diagnosed at the first biopsy. RESULTS: The DRE findings were compatible with locally advanced @entity5 in 25% of the @entity1 . An echogenic nodule was detected in 79%; the nodule was hypoechoic in 93% of the cases. Ninety-four percent of the @entity1 with a suspicious DRE versus 37% of those with a normal DRE showed a nodule on ultrasound (p < 0.001). According to the ultrasound and DRE findings, 41% of the @entity1 had a @entity5 . @entity5 was diagnosed in 70% of the @entity1 with a nodule; 51% of the cases had high grade @entity189 (score 8, 9 or 10). Sixty percent of the @entity1 with a suspicious DRE had high grade @entity5 versus 30% of the @entity1 with a normal DRE (p < 0.001). Twenty-three percent of the @entity1 underwent radical prostatectomy. Only 34% of the @entity1 had a localized @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Most of the @entity5 of the prostate diagnosed in @entity1 who presented with lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with BHP were high grade and locally advanced and therefore not susceptible to cure. PSA determination and digital rectal examination at the primary care level can be useful in detecting @entity263 in the early stages without significantly increasing costs.

title: [Clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics of XXXX diagnosed with transrectal biopsy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'localized cancer', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign hyperplasia of the prostate']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostatic cancer']


abstract: The risk of developing @entity356 has been investigated in a case-control study and in a prospective investigation. In the case-control study, 1495 cases of @entity356 were identified in five city hospitals and matched with autopsy controls from the same hospitals. The frequency of operations for benign @entity1066 [partial gastrectomy (PG) and gastroenterostomy] was similar in the two groups. Thus, there was no increased risk for late @entity356 after an @entity1066 operation. A total of 140 operated @entity1066 subjects [80 truncal vagotomy and drainage (TVD), 60 PG and 78 nonoperated cases attending with @entity2210 (C)] were examined by endoscopy, multiple gastric biopsy and analysis of gastric juice for @entity3542 . Biopsies were graded for @entity3621 and a @entity3621 index was derived (normal, 1; superficial @entity3621 , 2; chronic @entity4726 : mild, 3; moderate, 4; severe, 5). More @entity4726 was found in operated subjects than in controls: TVD, 2.3 +/- 0.08 (mean +/- SE); PG, 2.6 +/- 0.1 versus C, 1.8 +/- 0.08, p less than 0.01. The severity of @entity4726 increased after an operation interval of 20 years in PG subjects (p less than 0.05). @entity1944 was a common change, but unequivocal @entity5115 was not observed. Two cases of operated @entity5 were found. High levels of @entity3542 were positively correlated with pH and a high @entity3621 index. This evidence does not suggest that @entity1066 surgery leads to either an increased risk of @entity5 or a @entity1613 .

title: An investigation of possible risk factors associated with @entity356 after benign XXXX operations.

entities_list: @entity4726 :: ('MESH:D005757', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['Intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['precancerous condition']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcer']


abstract: In this study, young females with the @entity2100 [fra(X)] full mutation (fM) were assessed using quantitative measures of mutation amplification size (Amp) as well as the ratio of active normal X chromosome to total normal X chromosome (activation ratio- @entity1984 ). Neurobehavioral assessments of females with the fM were performed and included specific and general measures of cognitive and behavioral/developmental functioning. To investigate molecular-behavioral associations, Amp and @entity1984 were used as independent variables, while cognitive and behavioral scores were used as dependent variables. Significant correlations were observed between both molecular variables (Amp and @entity1984 ) and measures of cognitive functioning, with @entity1984 showing the most consistent and robust correlations. As @entity1984 increased, overall IQ and specific subtest and area scores from the cognitive tests increased. Conversely, as Amp increased, the overall IQ and specific subtest and area cognitive scores decreased. No significant associations were observed between @entity1984 or Amp and measures of behavior or development. The molecular-cognitive associations were generally consistent with the cognitive profile previously described in studies comparing females with fra(X) to age-matched controls. Amp and @entity1984 were not associated with one another, nor were they associated with the same cluster of cognitive measures. Though this report does not conclusively show that @entity1984 and Amp can be used to clinically assess the risk of a female with the fM for @entity73 , the evidence presented does suggest that these molecular variables, especially @entity1984 , reflect important underlying genetic factors contributing to the fra(X) phenotype.

title: Molecular-neurobehavioral associations in females with the XXXX full mutation.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive disability']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X']


abstract: We have reported that @entity1 @entity11 cell lines express high levels of plasma membrane @entity9597 ( @entity9597 ). We have also reported that biopsy/surgical samples or primary explant cell cultures from @entity1313 express mRNA and protein for the @entity9597 chain, a primary @entity3646 -binding protein. However, whether @entity9597 are expressed in @entity1313 in situ has not been resolved. In addition, expression of @entity9597 on the cell surface of various normal brain tissues is not known. We examined the expression of @entity9597 by using a monoclonal antibody to the @entity9597 chain (also known as @entity9597 beta) in surgical/biopsy samples of @entity1313 tissues by immunohistochemistry. Our data indicate that 15 of 18 @entity463 obtained from two different institutions and 12 other @entity1313 samples are moderately to intensely positive for @entity9597 . In contrast, although @entity9597 mRNA was expressed, no @entity9597 protein was detectable in two adult and one pediatric brain tissue specimens. In addition, a commercially available @entity1 neural tissue grid containing fixed tissues from various areas of brain showed no positive staining for the @entity9597 chain. @entity9597 expression was also demonstrated on @entity816 grades I, II, and III. Because @entity3646 cytotoxin comprised of a circularly permutated @entity3646 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin [IL4(38-37)-PE38KDEL] is cytotoxic to @entity9597 -expressing cells, we tested whether primary GBM explant cell cultures are sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin. Our data indicate that 13 of 15 GBM cell cultures were 25-74 times more sensitive to @entity3646 cytotoxin compared with normal @entity1 astrocytes or the NT2 neuronal cell line. These observations indicate that @entity1 @entity1313 in situ overexpress @entity9597 compared with normal brain tissues, thus confirming our previous conclusions that @entity9597 in @entity1313 may serve as an attractive target for anticancer therapy.

title: In situ expression of @entity3646 ( @entity3646 ) receptors in @entity1 @entity1313 and cytotoxicity of a recombinant @entity3646 cytotoxin in primary XXXX cell cultures.

entities_list: @entity9597 :: ('3566', 'Gene') :: ['IL-4Ralpha', 'IL-4R', 'interleukin-4 receptors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant glioma']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme (GBMs) tumors']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that @entity1 with @entity303 of the Alzheimer type have @entity21 , and thus, may have similar sensorimotor problems as @entity1 with @entity21 from @entity191 . Whether the similarity extends to balance control is unknown. One distinguishing feature of @entity74 in @entity191 is difficulty with changing postural set in terms of adapting the amplitude of leg muscle activity as a function of support condition. We, therefore, tested whether @entity1 with @entity195 without @entity21 would show a similar problem in changing postural set as @entity1 with @entity191 . METHODS: The ability to quickly change postural set was measured by comparing leg muscle activity under two conditions of support (free stance, versus grasping a frame, or sitting) during backward surface translations, during toes up surface rotations, and during @entity2798 to toes. Results were compared among 12 healthy adults, 8 nondemented @entity191 @entity1 on their usual dose of medication, and 11 Alzheimer @entity1 without @entity21 . RESULTS: Subjects with Alzheimer's, but not @entity191 performed similarly to the healthy control subjects. They changed postural set immediately, by suppressing leg muscle activity to low levels when supported. Parkinson subjects did not change postural set immediately. They did not suppress the tibialis anterior in @entity2798 to toes when holding, nor the soleus in perturbed sitting as much as the healthy control and Alzheimer subjects in the first trial. Instead, the Parkinson subjects changed set more slowly, over repeated and consecutive trials in both protocols. The onset latencies of soleus responses to backward surface translations and perturbed sitting, as well as tibialis anterior responses to toes up rotations, were the same for all three groups. CONCLUSION: Alzheimer @entity1 without @entity21 , unlike nondemented @entity191 @entity1 , have no difficulty in quickly changing postural set in response to altered support conditions. Our results, therefore, do not support the hypothesis that @entity191 and uncomplicated @entity195 share common postural set problems that may contribute to disordered balance control.

title: Postural set for balance control is normal in Alzheimer's but not in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's, disease", "Parkinson's"]

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['balance disorder']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease", "Alzheimer's diseases"]

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in the basal ganglia', 'basal ganglia degeneration', 'extrapyramidal signs']

entities_list: @entity2798 :: ('MESH:D009155', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary rise']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) in @entity1558 remains uncertain because its accuracy has been questioned. We hypothesized that this is related to failure to define standards for adequacy of sample preparation. METHODS: We reviewed cytology and pathology reports from 351 @entity1 undergoing @entity400 at a 350-bed community, university-affiliated teaching hospital over a 2-year period. @entity1 were included if they had an open biopsy within 2 years of an @entity400 of the same lesion. Cytology reports were reviewed by a cytopathologist unaware of the clinical setting or subsequent histology; surgeons unaware of the cytology reports reviewed histology reports. Cytological diagnoses were benign, likely benign, probable @entity5 , and definite @entity5 . Samples were characterized as satisfactory, less than optimal (few mammary epithelial clusters), or inadequate (no mammary epithelial clusters.) We assessed the proportion of inadequate samples, the accuracy of @entity400 , and the influence of sample adequacy upon @entity400 sensitivity. RESULTS: Ninety-nine (28%) FNABs were inadequate, 77 (22%) less than optimal, and 175 (50%) satisfactory. Ninety-five @entity1 (27%) had a final diagnosis of @entity5 . FNABs classified as satisfactory or less than optimal and characterized as benign (n = 102) had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.91; those termed definite @entity5 (n = 43) had a positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) of 0.98. Only 10% of all @entity5 were identified in the 28% of FNABs that were classified as inadequate (P <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that too few FNABs are performed in a fashion that permits definitive cytological interpretation. Inadequate FNABs are less likely to detect @entity5 . After excluding inadequate preparations, FNABs interpreted as definite @entity5 and as benign are highly accurate in identifying @entity1 with and without @entity5 .

title: Role of sample adequacy in @entity400 of palpable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['fine needle aspiration biopsy', 'FNAB']

entities_list: @entity1558 :: ('MESH:D001941', 'Disease') :: ['breast lesions']

answer: @entity1558 :: (MESH:D001941,Disease) :: ['breast lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle repair following volar plate fixation of @entity174 with special regards to the forearm pronation strength. During the early recovery period of 3  months, an improvement of pronation strength and functional scorings was hypothesized for the PQ repair when compared to no repair. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were (1) @entity1 or @entity1 between 18 and 80  years, (2) isolated, closed @entity174 of the distal radius, (3) A2 to B2 types of @entity174 according to the AO @entity174 classification system, (4) primary volar locking plate osteosynthesis. @entity1 were randomized to group A  =  PQ repair and group B  =  no repair. Follow-up examinations after 6 and 12  weeks included bilateral isometric pronation strength measurement, range of motion, the QuickDASH and the Mayo-Wrist-Score, and a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: 60 @entity1 (n  =  31 in group A and n  =  29 in group B) with an average age of 54  years (range 22-77  years) returned for both follow-up visits. The pronation strength measurements showed no significant differences between groups (PQ repair vs. no repair) neither at 6  weeks nor at 12  weeks. Additionally, no statistical significant differences were noted for ROM, QuickDASH-Score or Mayo-Wrist-Score. The VAS scoring revealed a significant decreased @entity158 level after PQ repair at 6  weeks postoperatively (p  =  0.017). CONCLUSION: An improved pronation strength after PQ repair in the early rehabilitation period could not be confirmed. However, the PQ repair might reduce @entity158 in the early postoperative period. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02595229 (ClinicalTrials.gov, registered 02 November 2015).

title: Pronator quadratus repair after volar plating of XXXX or not? Results of a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'distal radius fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['distal radius fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2941 occurring in pregnant @entity1 represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to a broad spectrum of the medical profession. Not only is the association rare, but the clinical signs and symptoms are obscured by physiological changes that occur during pregnancy. As a result, diagnosis is often delayed until @entity1 present with life-threatening complications. STUDY DESIGN: This report describes three cases of @entity2941 occurring during pregnancy. RESULTS: Although the diagnosis was initially missed in two @entity1 , delayed treatment was not associated with an adverse outcome. In a third @entity1 , conservative management was complicated by rupture of the cyst which resulted in fetal loss and a protracted hospital course. Definitive cyst surgery resulted in a good long-term result in all three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2941 rarely occur in pregnancy, clinicians need to be aware of the condition, as delayed or inappropriate therapy may be catastrophic for both mother and @entity1 . Once the diagnosis is established, @entity1 should be referred to specialized centers where treatment can be carefully planned, bearing in mind maternal and fetal well-being, as well as the likelihood of @entity532 both in the short- and long-term period. Excision with reconstruction is the procedure of choice to treat this type of cyst in nonpregnant @entity1 . In pregnancy, however, a more conservative approach may have to be adopted until the second trimester or after delivery, when the surgical risk is lowest. Elective cesarean section should be undertaken in @entity1 in whom the cyst has not been decompressed so as to avoid the complication of @entity397 .

title: XXXX in pregnancy: a therapeutic dilemma.

entities_list: @entity2941 :: ('MESH:D015529', 'Disease') :: ['Choledochal cysts', 'choledochal cysts']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['cystic rupture postpartum']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cyst-related complications']

answer: @entity2941 :: (MESH:D015529,Disease) :: ['Choledochal cyst']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recombinant @entity1307 ( @entity5301 ) has been administered to @entity1 with postpartum @entity417 in an attempt to accelerate their increase in hemoglobin concentration and reduce postpartum transfusions. However, it is not clear whether such an approach can be supported by evidence and should be generally recommended. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical and scientific literature from January 1990 to December 2002 was searched and studies that reported the administration of @entity5301 to @entity1 with postpartum @entity417 were evaluated. RESULTS: Eight evaluated studies reported an aggregate of 480 @entity1 ; 300 @entity5301 recipients and 180 controls. Significant diversity in design was observed in @entity5301 dose, route of @entity5301 administration, @entity68 supplementation, and baseline hemoglobin. No significant safety concerns were reported. In all five studies where it was reported, 4 to 7 days after beginning treatment, greater increases in hemoglobin concentration were observed among the @entity5301 recipients than among the controls. However, heterogeneity of results (Q-test statistic, p<0.01) indicated that it was not appropriate to apply summary statistics. The effect of @entity5301 on postpartum transfusion rate was not measurable by summary statistics because of the limited number of transfusions given (no transfusions among the 300 @entity5301 recipients vs two transfusions among the 180 controls). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity5301 to @entity1 with postpartum @entity417 appears to be safe, and is associated with a trend toward a faster increase in hemoglobin concentration. However, its efficacy in terms of diminishing postpartum transfusions is unproven.

title: Effect of administering recombinant @entity1307 to @entity1 with postpartum XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: In 1979-81, 419 @entity1 with incident cases of @entity694 and 732 controls were questioned regarding diet and @entity167 . @entity5 cases were a population-based series reported to the South Australian Central @entity5 Registry, were 30-74 years of age, and were residing in Metropolitan Adelaide. Controls were selected from the electoral roll and individually age- and sex-matched to @entity5 cases. The most consistent risk factor for @entity14 was dietary protein, which was associated with a twofold-to-threefold relative risk for @entity694 and for @entity5 in @entity1 for all levels of consumption above the base line (i.e., the lowest consumption quintile). For male @entity694 the corresponding relative risk was similar; but for male @entity5 , risk was elevated only at old ages. Total energy intake and, less clearly, meal frequency were also positively associated with increased risk. Total @entity167 intake (but not specifically beer) was associated with increased risk of both @entity694 in @entity1 ; in both sexes, there was an increased risk of @entity694 associated with spirits consumption. A reduced risk of @entity5 was associated with @entity620 but not with @entity904 . The increased risk associated with high protein and total energy was confined to those consuming a low fiber diet, particularly among @entity1 ; but some other aspects of the relationship between fiber consumption and risk of @entity14 were more complex. Some modifications and extensions of the current fat-to- @entity6741 -to-fiber theory of bowel @entity105 were suggested.

title: Diet and XXXX and rectum: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['cancer of the colon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: As a Chinese Traditional Medicine product, Kuntai capsule could improve the peri-menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal @entity1 . But it is still not clear whether Kuntai capsule has a good effect on alleviating peri-menopausal symptoms induced by @entity4396 agonist ( @entity1176 -a) treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of Kuntai capsule, on peri-menopausal symptoms in @entity46 ( @entity46 ) @entity1 , with postoperative @entity1176 -a treatment. METHODS: Ninety @entity46 @entity42 @entity1 with postoperative @entity1176 -a administration were enrolled in the study, and were randomly divided into Kuntai group, @entity11347 group, or blank Control group. The therapeutic strategy in Kuntai group was 4 Kuntai capsules tid,po for 12 weeks after the first @entity1176 -a injection, while @entity11347 2.5 mg qd, po for 12 weeks in @entity11347 group. There was no drug addition in Control group. Climacteric complaints were evaluated by Kupperman menopausal index (KMI) and hot flash/sweating score. @entity177 , lipid profile, serum sex hormone levels and endometrial thickness were measured, and the frequency of adverse events in Kuntai and @entity11347 groups was recorded. RESULTS: (1) Before @entity1176 -a therapy, the baseline parameter results were comparable in the three groups (P > 0.05). (2) After @entity1176 -a therapy, KMI and hot flash/sweating scores in all the three groups increased significantly (P < 0.05). At the 4 th week after @entity1176 -a therapy, KMI and hot flash/sweating score results were as follows: Control group > Kuntai group > @entity11347 group (P < 0.05); at the 8 th and 12 th week after @entity1176 -a therapy, KMI and hot flash/sweating score in Control group were significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05), and no significant difference was identified between Kuntai and @entity11347 group (P > 0.05). (3) No statistical change took place in the liver and renal functions and lipid profile in all the three groups after the treatment (P > 0.05). (4) The posttherapeutic serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and @entity53 (E2) level and endometrial thickness decreased significantly in all the three groups (P < 0.05). After therapy, serum E2 level in @entity11347 group was obviously higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05), while FSH and LH levels were obviously lower (P < 0.05). (5) The incidence of @entity3556 , breast distending pain in Tibolne group was obviously higher than Kuntai group (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONS: Kuntai capsule is effective on the peri-menopausal symptoms induced by postoperative @entity1176 -a administration to @entity46 @entity1 , although its clinical effect might be a few weeks later than @entity11347 . Kuntai capsule might be a little safer than @entity11347 tablet.

title: Efficacy and Safety Investigation of Kuntai Capsule for the Add-back Therapy of @entity4396 Agonist Administration to Endometriosis @entity1 : A Randomized, Double-blind, Blank- and XXXX -controlled Study.

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Liver and renal functions']

entities_list: @entity42 :: ('MESH:D010048', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cyst']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['EMS', 'endometriosis']

answer: @entity11347 :: (MESH:C027385,Chemical) :: ['Tibolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) on the QT variability index (QTVI). METHODS: Digital electrocardiograms from 113 age-matched @entity1 (40 with @entity1688 , 26 with high @entity451 , 17 @entity258 and 31 controls) were analyzed. RR interval, heart rate (HR) variability [total power (TP(RR)), low frequency (LF(RR)) and high frequency (HF(RR))], QT interval duration, Bazett HR-corrected QT (QTc), @entity1162 ( @entity1162 ) and QTVI were compared. RESULTS: Significant group main effects were present for RR, QTc, TP(RR) and LF(RR), but not QT duration, @entity1162 or HF(RR). Post hoc comparisons revealed the following: (1) longer RR in controls versus subjects with high @entity451 and @entity258 , and in subjects with @entity1688 versus high @entity451 and @entity258 ; (2) QTc was longer in subjects with @entity258 versus controls and shorter in subjects with @entity1688 versus high @entity451 , and (3) TP(RR) and LF(RR) were different in controls and subjects with high @entity451 compared to those with @entity258 . QTVI was significantly elevated in all @entity1566 groups compared to controls. Significant negative correlations between QTVI and HF(RR) were observed in all @entity1566 groups, and TP(RR) and LF(RR) in subjects with @entity1688 and high @entity451 only. Age was negatively correlated in controls. CONCLUSIONS: QTVI is negatively affected in otherwise healthy @entity1566 @entity1 compared to age-matched controls. This observation appears to reflect the attenuation of vagal modulation, sympathetic impairment above the sixth thoracic vertebra and/or a heightened degree of @entity65 risk.

title: The QT variability index and cardiac autonomic modulation: perspectives from apparently healthy XXXX with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['QTVN', 'QT interval variance']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Although there has been considerable research on @entity2673 and their effect on physical and mental health, there has been little research into the effects of psychosocial domestic conditions on health. The association between @entity2673 (and control at work in particular) and @entity301 ( @entity301 ) is not as strong for @entity1 compared to @entity1 . Other research suggests that household and domestic factors may have an important effect on @entity1 's health. Some studies have shown that low control at home affects psychological well being. However, there has been little research into its effects on physical health. Furthermore, similar to results analysing low control at work, low control at home may form part of the pathways underlying social inequalities in health. The study investigates the meaning of control at home, the effect of control at home on incident @entity301 events and whether this explains some of the social inequalities in @entity301 events in @entity1 and @entity1 . Data from phases 3-5 of the Whitehall II study, London, UK, were analysed (N = 7470). The results indicate that low control at home predicts @entity301 among @entity1 but not among @entity1 . Furthermore, low control at home may explain part of the association between household social position and @entity301 among @entity1 . There is some evidence suggesting that low control at home among @entity1 results from a lack of material and psychological resources to cope with excessive household and family demands. Psychosocial domestic conditions may have a greater effect on the health of @entity1 compared with @entity1 .

title: The effect of control at home on @entity301 events in the Whitehall II study: Gender differences in psychosocial domestic pathways to social inequalities in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial working conditions']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['CHD']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We describe and analyze the effectiveness and safety of @entity4671 for procedural sedation and evaluate the @entity1 's perspective on effectiveness, side effects, and satisfaction. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective study of all @entity1 who received @entity4671 for procedural sedation over 2 years in 3 affiliated suburban emergency departments of a large group-model health maintenance organization. Data were abstracted from the ED records. Additionally, a @entity1 questionnaire was prospectively administered by telephone. RESULTS: @entity4671 was used for sedation in 134 @entity1 between 6 and 93 years of age during 150 procedures. The mean cumulative dose was 0.20 mg/kg. Adjunctive medication was used in 36 (23%) procedures. Moderate sedation with verbal arousability was induced in 48 (32%) @entity1 , and deep sedation with verbal unresponsiveness was induced in 102 (68%) @entity1 . Full recovery to the preprocedural level of alertness was achieved within 30 minutes in 142 (95%) of procedures. Mean changes in systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and @entity26 saturation were clinically insignificant. There were 7 (4.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9% to 9.4%) adverse events, including 5 (3.3%; 95% CI 1.1% to 7.6%) cases of @entity26 desaturation below 94% in older @entity1 (>55 years of age) who received slightly higher mean doses of @entity4671 (0.23 mg/kg). Four of these @entity1 received brief assisted bag-valve-mask ventilation and recovered uneventfully; none required endotracheal intubation. The questionnaire was completed by 120 (90%) of 134 @entity1 and involved 136 procedures. During 127 (93%) of these, @entity4671 was believed to be extremely effective in causing sleep, and for 127 (93%) it induced complete procedural @entity2730 . Only 5 (4%) @entity1 experienced @entity390 or @entity391 . Regarding willingness to receive @entity4671 for their next procedure, the @entity1 ' responses were favorable: extremely, 95%; moderately, 2%; slightly, 3%; and not at all, 1%. CONCLUSION: @entity4671 is a useful agent for carefully conducted procedural sedation because it provides effective, brief, deep sedation with little hemodynamic compromise. Its safety may be jeopardized by the occurrence of @entity1576 in older @entity1 receiving higher doses. @entity1 report a high degree of satisfaction with @entity4671 .

title: XXXX for procedural sedation in emergency medicine.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity4671 :: ('MESH:D005045', 'Chemical') :: ['etomidate', 'Etomidate']

answer: @entity4671 :: (MESH:D005045,Chemical) :: ['Etomidate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanism of @entity205 ( @entity870 )-induced nephrotoxicity has been suggested to be vasoconstriction due to reduced @entity842 (NO), providing tissue @entity82 by elevation of transforming growth factor beta and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ). In this study using a @entity35 model of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity, we administered a phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor to ameliorate the @entity8 and alter the expression of endothelial No synthase (eNOS) and @entity6667 . METHODS: A right nephrectomy was performed in @entity35 (n = 30; 200-250 g, all male). The @entity63 group (n = 6) underwent ligation of the @entity8 for 45 minutes (IR) before observation for 28 days. After IR, the @entity28281 group (n = 6) was treated with 10 mg/kg drug orally, the CsA group (n = 6) received 15 mg/kg CsA injected subcutaneously and the CsA plus @entity28281 group (n = 6) received 15 mg/kg CsA injected subcutaneously together with the oral administration of 10 mg/kg @entity28281 . RESULTS: Administration of @entity28281 significantly decreased serum @entity1011 either alone (0.21    0.04 mg/dL) or in combination with CsA (1.86    0.35 mg/dL) versus the @entity63 (0.85    0.22 mg/dL) and the CsA alone (3. 10    0.77 mg/dL) group. (P = .002; P = .002). Comparing the @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining of the @entity63 (0.41    0.09) and CsA (0.44    0.08) groups showed a significantly decreased loss of nuclei in proximal tubules after the administration of @entity28281 (0.27    0.05 [P = .004] and 0.26    0.02 [P = .002] respectively). Immunohistochemical staining showed strong eNOS staining in the @entity28281 and CsA plus @entity28281 groups. Western blots for eNOS showed decreased expression in the CsA group and increased expression in the @entity28281 group. Western blots for @entity6667 revealed reduced expression only in the CsA plus @entity28281 group. eNOS mRNA was decreased in the CsA (0.017    0.010) compared with the @entity63 group (0.048    0.015; P = .000). @entity6667 mRNA which was decreased in the CsA group (2.026    1.109), showed greater tendency after administration of @entity28281 (0.440    0.449) (P = .003). CONCLUSION: The phosphodiesterase inhibitor ameliorated @entity8 in a @entity35 model of CsA-induced nephrotoxicity, possibly related to increased eNOS and reduced @entity6667 expression.

title: Effects of a cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor on expression of endothelial @entity842 synthase and @entity6667 in XXXX with @entity205 -induced nephrotoxicity.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['left renal artery', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['Hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1118 are associated with adverse clinical outcomes, and appear highly related to @entity1 's @entity221 perceptions as well as with marital adjustment. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of @entity158 variables, marital adjustment and @entity221 perceptions on @entity308 and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity1118 . Two hundred @entity1 were recruited from a @entity158 unit in a public hospital in the north of Portugal. @entity1 completed a questionnaire that assessed @entity221 perceptions (IPQ-Brief), marital adjustment (revised dyadic adjustment scale), @entity308 and @entity148 ( @entity308 scale) and @entity158 variables ( @entity158 intensity and @entity158 disability index). @entity308 and @entity148 were associated with @entity158 intensity, @entity158 , marital adjustment and @entity221 perceptions. Results from hierarchical regression showed that @entity221 perceptions contributed significantly to @entity308 and @entity148 over and above the effects of @entity158 intensity, @entity158 and marital adjustment, after controlling for gender. In multivariate analyses, @entity158 intensity, @entity158 and marital adjustment were uniquely related to @entity308 and @entity148 , whereas specific @entity221 perceptions were uniquely related to @entity308 symptoms (identity, treatment control, emotional response and coherence) and to @entity148 (identity, emotional response and concern). Perceptions of greater symptomatology (identity) and of emotional impact, and lesser perceptions of treatment control and understanding of @entity1118 ( @entity221 comprehensibility) were significantly associated with increased @entity308 symptoms. Perceptions of greater symptomatology (identity), emotional impact and greater concern were associated with @entity148 . These findings indicate that the contribution of @entity221 perceptions was greater than that made by traditional covariates, and may therefore be a useful basis for future psychological interventions.

title: Illness perceptions are the main predictors of @entity308 and XXXX in @entity1 with @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'hospital anxiety depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain-related disability', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety symptoms']


abstract: An unconstrained loading system was developed to measure the passive envelope of joint motion in an animal model commonly used to study ligament healing and joint @entity625 . The design of the five-degree-of-freedom system allowed for unconstrained knee joint loading throughout flexion with repeated removal and reapplication of the device to a specimen. Seven New Zealand White @entity95 knees were subjected to varus, valgus, internal and @entity4610 loads, and the resulting envelopes of motion were recorded using an electromagnetic tracking device. Intra-specimen reproducibility was excellent when measured in one specimen, with maximal rotational differences of 0.6 and 0.3 deg between the fourth and fifth testing cycles for the varus (VR) and valgus (VL) envelopes, respectively. Similarly, the maximal internal (INT) and @entity4610 ( @entity4610 ) envelope differences were 0.5 and 0.4 deg, respectively, between the fourth and fifth cycles. Good inter-animal envelope reproducibility was also observed with consistent motion pathways for each loading condition. A maximal VR-VL laxity of 17.9 +/- 2.3 deg was recorded at 95 deg flexion for the seven knees tested. The maximal INT- @entity4610 laxity of 75.2 +/- 4.8 deg occurred at 50 deg flexion. Studies on measurement reproducibility of re-applying individual testing components demonstrated a maximal error of 1.2 +/- 0.7 deg. Serial removal and re-application (test-retest) of the complete measuring system to one cadaveric knee demonstrated maximal envelope differences of less than 0.7 deg for VR-VL rotation and 2.1 deg for INT- @entity4610 rotation. Our results demonstrate that the measuring system is reproducible and capable of accurate evaluation of knee joint motion. Baseline in vitro data were generated on normal joint kinematics for future in-vivo studies with this system, evaluating ligament healing and disease progression in @entity625 models.

title: Design and validation of an unconstrained loading system to measure the envelope of motion in the XXXX knee joint.

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Ten cases of @entity9556 which were diagnosed and treated among the outpatients from 1987 through 1999 in a clinic of internal medicine locating at the northern districts of Awaji Island were investigated. The @entity1 were consisted of 8 males and 2 females and their ages ranged from 6 to 69 years old. The infected areas were distributed in hilly districts extending over three towns. The outbreak season was from November through December. The following two facts seemed to be worthy of notice. 1) There was a time lag on the @entity1 's onset among the different years. 2) When the incidences were more than two cases a year, the time difference of onset was within a few days each other. Then the relationship between atmospheric temperature and the date of onset was studied. Meterological observing records at Gunge Ichinomia Town near the northern districts of Awaji Island were investigated into the temperature every 10 days from 1987 to 1999. Average temperature every 10 days including the presumable day when each @entity1 was infected with @entity9557 (O.T) ranged between 9.1 degrees C and 13.3 degrees C and in 7 of 10 cases ranged between 11.6 degrees C and 13.3 degrees C. The maximum temperature ranged between 11.3 degrees C and 17.5 degrees C, the minimum one between 6.6 degrees C and 9.1 degrees C. It is likely that the seasonal occurrence of @entity9556 greatly depends upon the optimum temperature for the activity of tsutsugamushi mites in these areas. The high titer of serum IgM and IgG antibody to Karp, Gilliam Kato type @entity9557 was detected by an immunofluorescense assay (IF) in all cases. IgG antibody, titers fell drastically to 20 or 10 times within a few years but 10 times titer was still detected in three cases in more than ten years. It is suggested that IgG antibody titer more than 10 times in healthy @entity1 indicates the infection in the past and titer more than 20 times implies the infection during the past few years.

title: [ XXXX found in the northern districts of Awaji Island--epidemiological study of the outbreak season temperature].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity9557 :: ('784', 'Species') :: ['O. tsutsugamushi', 'Orientia tsutsugamushi']

entities_list: @entity9556 :: ('MESH:D012612', 'Disease') :: ['tsutsugamushi disease']

answer: @entity9556 :: (MESH:D012612,Disease) :: ['Tsutsugamushi disease']


abstract: The adrenal gland in the adult is a peripheral circadian clock involved in the coordination of energy intake and expenditure, required for adaptation to the external environment. During fetal life, a peripheral circadian clock is present in the nonhuman primate adrenal gland. Whether this extends to the fetal adrenal gland like the @entity35 is unknown. Here we explored in vivo and in vitro whether the @entity35 fetal adrenal is a peripheral circadian clock entrained by @entity2493 . We measured the 24-h changes in adrenal content of @entity2819 and in the expression of clock genes @entity7703 and @entity18922 and of @entity24097 ( @entity24097 ), @entity8280 @entity2493 receptor, and @entity11970 ( @entity11970 ) expression. In culture, we explored whether oscillatory expression of these genes persisted during 48 h and the effect of a 4-h @entity2493 pulse on their expression. In vivo, the @entity35 fetal adrenal gland showed circadian expression of @entity18922 and @entity7703 in antiphase (acrophases at 2200 and 1300 h, respectively) as well as of @entity8280 and @entity11970 . This was accompanied by circadian rhythms of @entity2819 content and of @entity24097 expression both peaking at 0600 h. The 24-h oscillatory expression of @entity18922 , @entity7703 , @entity24097 , @entity8280 , and @entity11970 persisted during 48 h in culture; however, the antiphase between @entity7703 and @entity18922 was lost. The pulse of @entity2493 shifted the acrophases of all the genes studied and restored the antiphase between @entity7703 and @entity18922 . Thus, in the @entity35 , the fetal adrenal is a strong peripheral clock potentially amenable to regulation by maternal @entity2493 .

title: A circadian clock entrained by XXXX is ticking in the @entity35 fetal adrenal.

entities_list: @entity11970 :: ('24330(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Egr-1', 'early growth response protein 1']

entities_list: @entity24097 :: ('25557(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['StAR', 'steroidogenic acute regulatory protein']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the @entity410 and developmental outcomes in @entity1 and young @entity1 with @entity302 who have undergone surgical and medical treatments. METHODS: An international, multicenter, observational cohort study was undertaken. A total of 317 @entity1 aged <6years, who had frequent disabling @entity410 despite intensive medical treatments, were registered. Among the enrolled @entity1 , 250 were treated medically (medical group), 31 underwent resective surgery (resective group), and 36 underwent palliative surgery [callosotomy (n=30) or vagal nerve stimulation (n=6); palliative group] on admission. @entity410 and developmental outcomes were obtained for 230 @entity1 during the 3-year follow-up period. Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust for clinical backgrounds among treatment groups when comparing the @entity410 -free survival rates. RESULTS: At the 3-year follow-up, @entity410 -free survival was 15.7%, 32.1%, and 52.4% in the medical, palliative, and resective groups, respectively. The adjusted hazard ratios for @entity410 recurrence in the resective and palliative groups versus the medical group were 0.43 (95% CI, 0.21-0.87, P=0.019) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.46-1.46, P=0.50), respectively; the former was statistically significant. Regarding the developmental outcome, the mean DQs in the resective group increased significantly compared to those in the medical group during the follow-up (P<0.01). As for subgroup analysis, better @entity410 and development outcomes were demonstrated in the resective group compared to the medical group in @entity1 with @entity302 (those to which no known @entity302 syndromes were applicable). SIGNIFICANCE: These results suggest that surgical treatments, particularly resective surgeries, are associated with better @entity410 and developmental outcomes compared with successive medical treatment. The present observations may facilitate the identification of @entity1 and young @entity1 with @entity302 who could benefit from surgery.

title: Surgical versus medical treatment for @entity1 with XXXX in infancy and early childhood: Results of an international multicenter cohort study in Far-East Asia (the FACE study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic encephalopathy', 'epilepsy', 'nonsyndromic epilepsies']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic encephalopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin test is a simple, non-invasive, rapid and inexpensive diagnostic tool allowing differentiation @entity2383 and inflammatory conditions and relapse prediction in non-specific @entity29 . In the last year, commercially available ELISA diagnostic kits, using either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against a heterodimeric complex, calprotectin, for the detection of fecal calprotectin, started to be marketed. OBJECTIVE: To compare two ELISA kits for the detection of fecal calprotectin differing from each other in the used type of antibody (monoclonal versus polyclonal). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two ELISA kits were assessed: Calprotectin ELISA (B  hlmann, Basel, Switzerland) using a monoclonal antibody against calprotectin and PhiCal Calprotectin ELISA (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany) using a polyclonal antibody against calprotectin. We analyzed fecal eluates from @entity1 with @entity30 ( @entity30 , n=36) and @entity31 ( @entity31 , n=29) and from healthy controls (n=98). Data were analyzed using software Statistica CZ 8.0 (Statsoft, Tulsa, U.S.A.) and measurement variability parameters (linearity, repeatability, stability) and test sensitivity and specificity were established and the methods were compared. RESULTS: The two kits showed adequate accuracy (intra- and inter-assay variation < 10%). The dilution linearity test indicated superiority of the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit, in particular for high calprotectin levels. The results of the two methods showed good correlation: Pearson's correlation coefficient r = 0.83, limit difference according to Bland-Altman plot ranged from 17% to 30%. Diagnostic sensivity rates were 79% for the Calprotectin ELISA B  hlmann kit and 74% for the Calprotectin ELISA R-Biopharm kit, the test specificity rates were 87% and 84%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both of the tested kits have comparably good measurement parameters, the B  hlmann kit using monoclonal antibody against calprotectin showed higher sensitivity and specificity. In view of their availability, sensitivity and performance, the fecal calprotectin ELISA kits are helpful diagnostic tools for clinical practice.

title: [Calprotectin levels in @entity1 with XXXX comparison of two commercial tests].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'ulcerous colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['between GIT functional disorders']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: AIMS: Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone post-translational modifications and DNA methylation, are implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ), but the mediators are not well known. Moreover, although @entity2299 contributes to @entity2316 , epigenetic changes triggered by lipids are unclear. In @entity6 , increased expression of @entity20180 (12/15-LO) enhances oxidized lipids such as @entity11903 [ @entity11903 ], which promote oxidant stress, @entity8 , and @entity82 , and mediate the actions of profibrotic growth factors. We hypothesized that 12/15-LO and its oxidized lipid products can regulate epigenetic mechanisms mediating profibrotic gene expression related to @entity2316 . RESULTS: @entity11903 increased profibrotic gene expression and enrichment of permissive histone @entity376 modifications at their promoters in MCs. @entity11903 also increased protein levels of @entity71715 , a histone H3 @entity376 4 methyltransferase, and promoted its nuclear translocation and enrichment at profibrotic gene promoters. Furthermore, @entity71715 ( @entity71715 ) gene silencing inhibited @entity11903 -induced profibrotic gene expression. 12/15-LO ( @entity20180 ) gene silencing or genetic knockout inhibited @entity641 ( @entity641 )-induced expression of @entity71715 and profibrotic genes and histone modifications in MCs. Furthermore, 12/15-LO knockout in @entity19 ameliorated key features of @entity2316 and abrogated increases in renal @entity71715 and profibrotic genes. Additionally, 12/15-LO siRNAs in vivo blocked increases in renal @entity71715 and profibrotic genes in @entity6 @entity19 . Innovation and Conclusion: These novel results demonstrate for the first time that 12/15-LO-derived oxidized lipids regulate histone modifications associated with profibrotic gene expression in MCs, and 12/15-LO can mediate similar actions of @entity641 and @entity6 . Targeting 12/15-LO might be a useful strategy to inhibit key epigenetic mechanisms involved in @entity2316 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: Epigenetic Histone Modifications Involved in Profibrotic Gene Regulation by @entity20180 and Its Oxidized Lipid Products in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular and mesangial cell (MC) dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity641 :: ('21803(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b1', 'transforming growth factor-b1']

entities_list: @entity11903 :: ('MESH:D019377', 'Chemical') :: ['12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid', '12(S)-HETE']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Nephropathy']