abstract: The circadian rhythm of hepatic cell proliferation in @entity35 appears on the 20th day of life, when the hypothalamo-adrenal axis is mature enough for circadian activity to occur. From the 20th day to the 30th day of life, the mitotic rhythm is progressively induced by a reduction in nocturnal values, while diurnal @entity1442 remain unchanged. Mitotic peaks emerge at 10.00 hours. A labelling index wave occurs 8 hr before the corresponding mitotic wave, with a peak at 02.00 hours and a minimum in the evening, coincidental with the acrophase of plasma @entity2819 level (activity phase). Labelled mitoses curves and metaphase accumulation after @entity3812 injection show that the duration of the S, G2 and M phases remain approximately constant and that the circadian variation is due to a variation in the rate of cells that enter these successive phases. During the synchronization period (from day 20 to 30), the growth fraction decreases progressively. Adrenalectomy at this time is followed by a higher cell proliferation and all @entity1442 disappear after 2 days. @entity2819 injected before the triggering of the rhythmic activity in 17-day-old @entity35 immediately reduces the labelling index, while the mitotic index is decreased 10 hr later; this delay is equal to the S + G2 duration. The results are discussed. They favour the hypothesis that the circadian variation of @entity2819 is responsible for the induction of a circadian variation in developmental cell proliferation by inhibition of the G1-S transition when it is higher in the evening.

title: Circadian synchronization of hepatocyte proliferation in young XXXX : the role played by adrenal hormones.

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the benefit of percutaneous interventional management of @entity1 with postoperative @entity1157 on clinical outcome. Primary study endpoints were closure of the @entity1157 and duration of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) treatment. Secondary study endpoints were necessity of additional CT-guided drainage catheter placement, course of serum CRP level as parameter for @entity32 , and @entity1 ' survival. METHODS: Between January 2004 and April 2008, all @entity1 who underwent PTBD placement after upper gastrointestinal surgery were analyzed regarding site of @entity1157 and previous attempt of operative @entity1157 repair, interval between initial surgery and PTBD placement, procedural interventional management, course of @entity32 parameters, duration of PTBD therapy, PTBD-related complications, and @entity1 ' survival. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 underwent PTBD placement for treatment of @entity86 . In 12 @entity1 (40%), PTBD was performed secondary to a surgical attempt of @entity1157 repair. Additional percutaneous @entity5173 was performed in 14 @entity1 (47%). CRP serum level decreased from 138.1    73.4 mg/l before PTBD placement to 43.5    33.4 mg/l 30 days after PTBD placement. The mean duration of @entity14063 treatment was 55.2    32.5 days in the surviving @entity1 . In one @entity1 , a delayed @entity850 of the bile duct required @entity384 . Two PTBD-related complications ( @entity292 , @entity99 ) occurred, which were successfully treated by embolization. Overall survival was 73% (22 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: PTBD treatment is an effective therapy. PTBD treatment and additional CT-guided @entity5173 helped to reduce intraabdominal @entity32 , as shown by @entity32 parameters.

title: Percutaneous management of XXXX after upper gastrointestinal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'reduction of inflammation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilation']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of bilomas']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['portobiliary fistula']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bile leaks']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative bile leaks']


abstract: There is growing concern about lack of scientific rigor and transparent reporting across many preclinical fields of biological research. Poor experimental design and lack of transparent reporting can result in conscious or unconscious experimental bias, producing results that are not replicable. The Analgesic, Anesthetic, and Addiction Clinical Trial Translations, Innovations, Opportunities, and Networks (ACTTION) public-private partnership with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration sponsored a consensus meeting of the Preclinical Pain Research Consortium for Investigating Safety and Efficacy (PPRECISE) Working Group. International @entity1 from universities, funding agencies, government agencies, industry, and a @entity1 advocacy organization attended. Reduction of publication bias, increasing the ability of others to faithfully repeat experimental methods, and increased transparency of data reporting were specifically discussed. Parameters deemed essential to increase confidence in the published literature were clear, specific reporting of an a priori hypothesis and definition of primary outcome measure. Power calculations and whether measurement of minimal meaningful effect size to determine these should be a core component of the preclinical research effort provoked considerable discussion, with many but not all agreeing. Greater transparency of reporting should be driven by scientists, journal editors, reviewers, and grant funders. The conduct of high-quality science that is fully reported should not preclude novelty and innovation in preclinical @entity158 research, and indeed, any efforts that curtail such innovation would be misguided. We believe that to achieve the goal of finding effective new treatments for @entity1 with @entity158 , the @entity158 field needs to deal with these challenging issues.

title: Ensuring transparency and minimization of methodologic bias in preclinical XXXX research: PPRECISE considerations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: AIM: The most accepted treatment for @entity281 by @entity1534 is the proton pump inhibitor based therapy with two antibiotics. However, there is no consensus regarding the duration. The purpose here was to compare eradication percentages in the @entity4546 + @entity115 + @entity4581 regimen administered during 7 days versus 10 days and confront the results with a previous 14-day* experience in Peru. METHOD: @entity1 from the Central Military Hospital and Peruvian-Japanese Hospital evidencing chronic upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms were recruited. We excluded @entity1 with peptic ulcer. Biopsies were taken for diagnosis, for urease and PCR tests, culture and coloring with @entity575 . @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 was used during 7 days versus 10 days. Control endoscopy was performed one month after treatment had been completed and molecular biology techniques were used to differentiate recurrences from new infections. Susceptibility to @entity4581 was assessed. RESULTS: 36 @entity1 were included in each group. Eradication was the same in both groups: 86.1% (31/36). In several @entity1 in whom the bacteria persisted, the same initial nucleus was found. In a previous study* using this same regimen during 14 days, a 93% eradication was obtained. 91.18% of our samples were susceptible to @entity4581 . CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, the @entity4546 + @entity4581 + @entity115 combination gives results higher than 80% in the eradication of @entity281 by @entity1534 . The 7 and 10 days regimens eradicated the bacteria in 86% of our @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX , @entity115 and @entity4581 in the treatment of helicobacterpylori, in 7 and 10-day regimens].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['Helicobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole', 'Omeprazole']

answer: @entity4546 :: (MESH:D009853,Chemical) :: ['Omeprazole']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were (1) to validate the Alvarado score and pediatric @entity698 score (PAS) in a prospectively identified pediatric cohort and (2) to assess abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) as a tool to increase the diagnostic reliability of both scores. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study conducted from January 10, 2008, to January 1, 2009. All @entity1 attended at the emergency department with suspected @entity697 ( @entity697 ) who had a blood sample collected were included. Items from both scores were recorded. The performance of an AUS, the decision to admit the @entity1 , and the therapeutics were decided by the physician, disregarding the scores values. Nonadmitted @entity1 were contacted by telephone. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity1 were included. Mean age was 11 years, and 62.6% were males. Appendectomy was performed in 44.4% @entity1 . The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the Alvarado score was 0.96 and that for PAS was 0.97. Not a single @entity1 with an Alvarado score less than 5 or PAS less than 4 had @entity697 . All @entity1 with an Alvarado score greater than 8 or PAS greater than 7 had @entity697 . For both scores, the optimum cutoff point was 6 (sensibility of 90.4% and specificity of 91.2% for the Alvarado score and sensibility of 88.1% and specificity of 98.2% for PAS). Abdominal ultrasonography was performed on 31 @entity1 (sensibility of 84.6% and specificity of 94.4%). We studied the value of scores and AUS together. Assuming an Alvarado score from 1 to 4 and PAS from 1 to 3 as no @entity697 , an Alvarado score from 9 to 10 and PAS from 8 to 9 as @entity697 , and proceeding according to the AUS for intermediate values, a sensibility of 93.3% and 97.2% and a specificity of 100% and 97.6%, respectively, were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Both scores are a useful tool in the evaluation of @entity1 with possible @entity697 . For extreme values of scores, the results really ensure their use in the emergency department. The AUS can help on decision making for intermediate values.

title: Prospective validation of two systems of classification for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis', 'AA']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: RATIONALE: Muscarinic @entity934 receptors (mAChR) are G protein-coupled receptors, widely expressed in the CNS. Electrophysiological and molecular studies have provided evidence for overactive M1 receptor signaling in the @entity2100 knockout ( @entity34141 KO) @entity19 model, suggesting the involvement of the M1 receptors in @entity2100 . Overactive signaling through the M1 receptor has been hypothesized to contribute to the phenotypes seen in @entity2100 @entity19 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated the modulation of behavioral responses in the @entity34141 KO animals by reducing the activity through the muscarinic M1 receptor using the pharmacological agent @entity37419 , an M1 antagonist. METHODS: The behavioral assays used to investigate the pharmacological effects include marble burying (perseverative behavior), open-field exploration (activity), passive avoidance (learning and memory), prepulse inhibition (sensorimotor gating), and @entity410 . RESULTS: Data from the marble-burying assay suggests that treatment with @entity37419 results in a decrease in the number of marbles buried in the wild-type and in the KO animals. To examine the possibility of drug-induced sedation, overall activity was measured in an open-field chamber. @entity37419 only increases activity at a dose of 20  mg/kg in the wild-type @entity19 but did not affect exploration in the KO animals. Lastly, we observed that @entity37419 causes a significant decrease in the percentage of @entity410 in the @entity34141 KO animals. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that pharmacologically reducing the activity through the @entity57115 alters select behavioral responses in the @entity34141 KO @entity19 .

title: Modulation of behavioral phenotypes by a muscarinic M1 antagonist in a @entity19 model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['audiogenic seizures']

entities_list: @entity37419 :: ('MESH:D004025', 'Chemical') :: ['dicyclomine', 'Dicyclomine']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome', 'fragile X']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1482 has been used for over 20 years as an antiandrogen in the treatment of @entity5477 and @entity3427 . No long-term studies of the safety of @entity1482 used in this manner have been published. We present a study of the long-term safety and tolerance of @entity1482 in 91 @entity1 with @entity5477 who were followed for up to 8 years. METHODS: A survey questionnaire was sent to 210 @entity1 , and a comparison chart review of all @entity1 to whom the survey was sent was made. RESULTS: Ninety-one completed surveys were analyzed, comprising 506 @entity1 -years of followup and 200 @entity1 -years of @entity1482 exposure. Mean treatment length was 28.5 months (range = 0.5-122 months). During the 8-year followup period, there were no cases of serious illness attributable to @entity1482 use. Side effects were present in 59% and resulted in cessation of the drug in 15%. Diuretic effect and @entity1866 were the most common adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: After 200 @entity1 -years of exposure to @entity1482 and 506 @entity1 -years of followup over 8 years, no serious illnesses thought to be attributed to @entity1482 were reported. The long-term use of @entity1482 in the treatment of @entity5477 in @entity1 appears to be safe. Side effects, however, are common, although not usually a cause for stopping the drug.

title: Long-term safety of XXXX in @entity5477 : results of an 8-year followup study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual irregularities']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone', 'Spironolactone']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity1482 :: (MESH:D013148,Chemical) :: ['spironolactone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate a dual-modality treatment that combines autologous structural fat grafting and @entity544 ( @entity515 ) laser resurfacing for perioral and lower face rejuvenation. METHOD: Retrospective review of @entity1 undergoing rejuvenation by a single surgeon between 2005 and 2009. A blinded expert rated photographs on three scales, each with a range of 1 (no abnormality) to 5 (severe abnormality): (i) perioral fine rhytids; (ii) deep folds; and (iii) pigmentary or cutaneous abnormalities. Within-subject comparisons were generated. Results were correlated with skin type (Fitzpatrick) and baseline photodamage (Glogau). A test for effect of adjunctive procedures was performed. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 were included (all female, mean age 61 years). Significant postoperative improvement was noted for perioral fine rhytids (3.1 to 1.7, p < 0.0001); deep folds (3.4 to 2.0, p < 0.00001); and pigmentation (2.5 to 1.9, p = 0.02). Fitzpatrick skin type was inversely correlated with improvement in pigmentation scores (r = -0.78), while the Glogau score correlated with improvement of fine rhytids (r = 0.76). No significant effect of adjunctive procedures was found. No complications occurred, though fat grafts resorbed in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent structural fat grafting and @entity515 resurfacing result in quantifiable improvement of perioral and lower face aesthetics in relation to baseline characteristics and independent of adjunctive surgical procedures.

title: Concurrent structural fat grafting and XXXX laser resurfacing for perioral and lower face rejuvenation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: Peripheral blood @entity1503 in @entity1 can be due to a variety of acquired or @entity74 . @entity74 affecting a single hematopoietic lineage are frequently characterized by typical @entity236 findings, such as lack of progenitors or @entity2175 arrest in @entity9957 or a lack of megakaryocytes in @entity882 , whereas antibody-mediated diseases such as @entity1398 are associated with a rather unremarkable @entity236 morphology. By contrast, @entity3043 is frequently associated with a hypocellular @entity236 , and the differential diagnosis includes acquired @entity2150 , @entity2590 , inherited @entity2131 such as @entity11807 and @entity7063 , and a variety of @entity1200 including @entity9058 . Thorough @entity236 analysis is of special importance for the diagnostic work-up of most @entity1 . Cellularity, cellular composition, and @entity6349 signs are the cornerstones of the differential diagnosis. @entity3043 in the presence of a normo- or @entity236 with @entity6349 changes may indicate @entity2590 . More challenging for the hematologist is the evaluation of the hypocellular @entity236 . Although @entity2150 and @entity1503 ( @entity1503 ) can reliably be differentiated on a morphological level, the overlapping pathophysiology remains a significant challenge for the choice of the therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, inherited @entity2131 are usually associated with the morphological picture of @entity1503 , and the recognition of these entities is essential as they often present a multisystem disease requiring different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This paper gives an overview over the different disease entities presenting with (pan) @entity1503 , their pathophysiology, characteristic @entity236 findings, and therapeutic approaches.

title: Missing Cells: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of (Pan) XXXX in Childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['maturation']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9058 :: ('MESH:D051359', 'Disease') :: ['hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis']

entities_list: @entity7063 :: ('MESH:D019871', 'Disease') :: ['dyskeratosis congenita']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['RCC', 'hypocellular refractory cytopenia of childhood', 'cytopenia']

entities_list: @entity9957 :: ('MESH:C537592', 'Disease') :: ['congenital neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunological disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Genetic disorders', 'inherited diseases']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['hypercellular marrow', 'bone marrow']

entities_list: @entity2131 :: ('MESH:C536572', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow failure syndromes']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia', 'Pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity11807 :: ('MESH:D005199', 'Disease') :: ['Fanconi anemia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['Cytopenia']


abstract: Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe @entity272 was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe @entity39 and predominantly @entity1909 , @entity3136 , and @entity32269 , with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with @entity5644 Schiff and Gomori's @entity1332 silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: @entity14621 , Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a @entity66 of free-ranging snakes.

title: An outbreak of XXXX and @entity3136 in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida.

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5644 :: ('MESH:D010504', 'Chemical') :: ['periodic acid']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic disease']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

entities_list: @entity14621 :: ('29908', 'Species') :: ['Sporothrix schenckii']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin, eye, and mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity32269 :: ('MESH:C535922', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous dermatitis']

answer: @entity1909 :: (MESH:D003872,Disease) :: ['fungal dermatitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is currently being widely accepted for its role in the treatment of morbid @entity28 . Staple-line leakage is one of the most reported complications found in 0.5-7  % of the population, in which the Over-the-Scope @entity23396 (OTSC) (Ovesco Endoscopy, T  bingen, Germany), a novel device, is employed. We present our experience with this system in LSG leaks. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from @entity1 with LSG leakage was performed, and these @entity1 were treated with the OTSC system. Efficiency was defined as complete oral nutrition without any evidence of additional leakage. RESULTS: Overall, 26 @entity1 underwent endoscopic OTSC treatment. The median age was 39  years (range 26-60), and 12 were male @entity1 (46.15  %). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 42.89  kg/m(2), and 10 @entity1 (38.46  %) came from a revisional bariatric procedure (SRVG or LAGB). Twenty-two @entity1 (84.61  %) had upper staple-line leaks (near the GEJ), and the remaining 4 (15.38  %) had lower antral leaks. Number of endoscopy sessions ranged from 2 to 7 (median 3). There were five failures: 2 of them had an antral leak, and the remaining 3 had an upper staple-line leak. Twenty-one (80.76  %) leaks were successfully treated within 32  days' median time till complete oral nutrition was attained (range 14-70). CONCLUSIONS: The success rate was high with the OTSC system, and it is concluded to be a safe and effective treatment for LSG leaks.

title: Over-the-Scope XXXX (OTSC) System for Sleeve Gastrectomy Leaks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity23396 :: (6249,Gene) :: ['Clip']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of dose selection on population pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter estimation using a rapid binding approximation of a @entity734 ( @entity734 ) model previously developed for @entity2391 ( @entity2391 ). A total of 50 replicate datasets each containing 100 subjects were created using NONMEM. The study design included IV injection of @entity2391 followed by the SC route in a crossover manner, with each dose and route of administration separated by a 1,000 h washout period. Serial plasma PK samples were simulated up to 48 h for all subjects following each dose. Population mean PK parameters were re-estimated in NONMEM for each simulated dataset using the same @entity734 model after including the following doses (MIU/kg): (A) 1, 3 and 10 (original study); @entity72028 MIU/kg only. Bias in the model fit was assessed by calculating the percent prediction error (PE%) for each of the population mean PK parameters relative to the estimates obtained from the fit to the 1, 3, and 10 MIU/kg doses (Case A). Relatively unbiased population mean PK parameter estimates (median PE% <8%) were obtained only when the study design included 1, 3 and a minimum higher dose of 7 MIU/kg. Bias increased for various parameters when the highest dose was less than 7 MIU/kg along with 1 and 3 MIU/kg being the low and intermediate dose levels. An increase in the bias for binding capacity, R(tot), and the equilibrium dissociation constant, K (D), was observed as the highest dose included in the dataset was reduced from 5 to 3 MIU/kg (median PE% ranged from -4.71 to -23.9% and -4.76 to -34.6%). Similar increases in the range of median PE% were also observed for other model parameters as the highest dose was reduced from 5 to 3 MIU/kg. Severely biased results were obtained from the study design that included only the 10 MIU/kg dose (Case G) suggesting that it is not sufficient to study just a high dose group. This bias was greatly reduced (median PE% <14%) for all parameters except K (D) when the 3 and 10 MIU/kg doses were co-modeled (Case F). Plots of the PE% for R(tot) and K (D) versus the molar ratio of maximum dose to R(tot) suggest that study designs should evaluate at least one @entity2391 dose 3.5- to 4-fold higher than R(tot) along with the 1 and 3 MIU/kg dose levels to obtain unbiased population PK parameter estimates. In summary, for the @entity2391 model and study design, dose selection influences the ability to generate relatively unbiased population mean @entity734 parameter estimates, which is based on maximum dose levels relative to R(tot). This simulation study highlights the role of dose selection in optimal study design strategies for drugs such as @entity2391 that exhibit @entity734 properties.

title: Impact of dose selection on parameter estimation using a rapid binding approximation model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['target-mediated drug disposition', 'TMDD']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['target-mediated drug disposition']


abstract: Searching for a novel immunosuppressive agent to effectively prevent @entity1294 ( @entity1294 ) is essential for success in clinical xenotransplantation. We previously reported that Lewis @entity35 hearts transplanted into BALB/c @entity19 developed typical @entity1294 in 6 days. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of LF 15-0195, a new immunosuppressive analog of @entity5101 in the prevention of @entity1294 in a @entity35 -to- @entity19 cardiac xenograft model. We transplanted 2-week old Lewis @entity35 hearts into BALB/c @entity19 . Four groups were included in this study: untreated recipients and @entity205 ( @entity870 ) treated recipients were controls; LF 15-0195 treated recipients or LF 15-0195 combined with @entity870 treated recipients were experimental groups. @entity19 recipients received either LF 15-0195 2 mg/kg subcutaneously from day-1 to post-operative day 14, or @entity870 15 mg/kg subcutaneously daily, from day 0 to endpoint rejection, or the two drugs in combination. We observed that high dose @entity870 did not inhibit @entity1294 and the graft was rejected in 11.3 +/- 1.9 days. Graft histology and immunohistology showed typical @entity1294 , characterized by interstitial @entity548 , intravascular fibrin deposition, @entity715 , and massive deposition of anti-rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Serum xenoreactive antibodies (xAbs) were markedly elevated in these animals as well. In contrast, we observed that treatment with LF 15-0195 alone significantly prolonged graft survival to 19.3 +/- 0.7 days. Notably, xAbs were significantly decreased and the rejection pattern of these grafts was cell-mediated rejection (CMR), instead of @entity1294 . When @entity870 was combined with LF 15-0195, the graft mean survival time was further increased to 58.5 +/- 17.3 days. Antibody production and T-cell infiltration were significantly inhibited at the terminal stages of graft survival and pathology showed striking attenuation of both @entity1294 and CMR. Sequential studies on days 6 and 14 demonstrated that LF 15-0195 either alone or combined with @entity870 completely inhibited antibody production. However, intragraft infiltration by @entity3804 positive cells including natural killer cells, macrophages and granulocytes in LF 15-0195 treated recipients was similar to that of untreated recipients. We conclude that LF 15-0195 effectively prevented @entity1294 by markedly inhibiting the production of anti-donor IgG xAbs. Also, treatment with short course LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity870 significantly reduced T-cell infiltration. Studies to test this therapy in inhibiting @entity1294 in a @entity1707 -to-non- @entity1 primate xenotransplantation model are underway.

title: Treatment with a short course of LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity205 attenuates acute xenograft rejection in a @entity35 -to- XXXX cardiac transplantation model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['AVR', 'acute vascular rejection']

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['15-deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term success of lung transplantation is challenged by the development of @entity358 ( @entity358 ) and its distinct subtypes of @entity4154 ( @entity4154 ) and restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS). However, the current diagnostic criteria for @entity358 subtypes rely on total lung capacity (TLC), which is not always measured during routine post-transplant assessment. Our aim was to investigate the utility of low-dose 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) lung volumetry for differentiating RAS from @entity4154 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective evaluation of 63 @entity1 who had developed @entity358 after bilateral lung or heart   lung transplantation between 2006 and 2011, including 44 @entity4154 and 19 RAS cases. Median post-transplant follow-up was 65 months in @entity4154 and 27 months in RAS. The median interval between baseline and the disease-onset time-point for CT volumetry was 11 months in both @entity4154 and RAS. Chronologic changes and diagnostic accuracy of CT lung volume (measured as percent of baseline) were investigated. RESULTS: RAS showed a significant decrease in CT lung volume at disease onset compared with baseline (mean 3,916 ml vs 3,055 ml when excluding opacities, p < 0.0001), whereas @entity4154 showed no significant post-transplant change (mean 4,318 ml vs 4,396 ml, p = 0.214). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CT lung volume for differentiating RAS from @entity4154 was 0.959 (95% confidence interval 0.912 to 1.01, p < 0.0001) and the calculated accuracy was 0.938 at a threshold of 85%. CONCLUSION: In bilateral lung or heart   lung transplant @entity1 with @entity358 , low-dose CT volumetry is a useful tool to differentiate @entity1 who develop RAS from those who develop @entity4154 .

title: Low-dose computed tomography volumetry for subtyping XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4154 :: ('MESH:D001989', 'Disease') :: ['BOS', 'bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['CLAD', 'chronic lung allograft dysfunction']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['chronic lung allograft dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity600 (delivery before 37 weeks gestation) is a major contributor to the global burden of @entity5845 and @entity204 . The cause of @entity600 is complex, multifactorial, and likely dependent, at least in part, on the gestational age of the fetus. Intrauterine @entity281 is frequent in preterm deliveries that occur at <32 weeks gestation; understanding how the fetus responds to proinflammatory insult will be an important step towards early @entity600 prevention. However, animal studies of @entity281 and @entity32 in prematurity commonly use older fetuses that possess comparatively mature immune systems. OBJECTIVE: Aiming to characterize acute fetal responses to microbial agonist at a clinically relevant gestation, we used 92-day-old fetuses (62% of term) to develop a chronically catheterized @entity742 model of very preterm pregnancy. We hypothesized that any acute fetal systemic inflammatory responses would be driven by signaling from the tissues exposed to @entity526 lipopolysaccharide that is introduced into the amniotic fluid. STUDY DESIGN: Eighteen ewes that were carrying a single fetus at 92 days of gestation had recovery surgery to place fetal tracheal, jugular, and intraamniotic catheters. Animals were recovered for 24 hours before being administered either intraamniotic @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (n  = 9) or sterile saline solution (n  = 9). Samples were collected for 48 hours before euthanasia and necroscopy. Fetal inflammatory responses were characterized by microarray analysis, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Intraamniotic lipopolysaccharide reached the distal @entity825 within 2 hours. @entity40675 increased tracheal fluid @entity18733 within 2 hours and generated a robust inflammatory response that was characterized by @entity18730 signaling pathway activation and up-regulation of cell proliferation but no increases in inflammatory mediator expression in cord blood RNA. CONCLUSIONS: In very preterm @entity742 fetuses, lipopolysaccharide stimulates @entity32 in the fetal lung and fetal skin and stimulates a systemic inflammatory response that is not generated by fetal blood cells. These data argue for amniotic fluid-exposed tissues that play a key role in driving acute fetal and intrauterine inflammatory responses.

title: Outside-in? XXXX in very preterm chronically catheterized @entity742 fetuses is not driven by cells in the fetal blood.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity40675 :: ('D008070', 'Chemical') :: ['Lipopolysaccharide']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth', 'preterm birth syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['perinatal morbidity']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E coli']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Acute fetal systemic inflammation']


abstract: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to test the usability and effectiveness of a newly-developed virtual reality (VR)-based community living skills training program for @entity1 with acquired @entity1545 (ABI). METHOD: A small-sample, pre- and post-quasi experimental design was adopted to initially study the efficacy of the VR-based training program. Its usability was also investigated through interviewing subjects. Outcomes were documented in terms of subjects' skills acquisition, self-efficacy in applying the learnt skills and the transfer ratio of the learnt skills to the real environment. @entity73 and the functional independence level were also assessed. RESULTS: Four subjects with ABI (one @entity131 and three @entity64 subjects) were successfully recruited and received 10 sessions of VR-based community living skills training. All four subjects showed improvement in skills acquisition and memory performance, while three out of four also showed improvement in self-efficacy and demonstrated transfer of skills to the real environment. Usability was initially supported. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results suggested positive changes in ABI subjects. The proposed virtual reality (VR) community living skills training software will be further investigated in a randomized controlled trial.

title: Virtual reality (VR)-based community living skills training for @entity1 with acquired XXXX : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Global cognitive ability']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['brain injury']


abstract: A 68-year-old @entity1 had been complained of @entity2133 since she was 30 years old. Further symptoms of @entity2011 , polyposia and @entity22 had been developed since she was 35 years old. The biopsy material from a minor salivary gland demonstrated the infiltration of lymphocytes into mesenchyme which was compatible with @entity244 . She admitted to our hospital because of @entity925 in bilateral gastrocnemius and petechiae in both lower extremities in addition to the complaints described above. Complete blood cell counts on admission revealed hemoglobin 9.7 g/dl, platelet count 12.5 x 10(4)/microliters, and white blood cell count 3,300/microliters. Marked @entity2011 , polyposia (more than 5,000 ml/day, respectively) and low urine gravity (1.005) were observed, although the serum @entity1011 level showed normal value. Serologic examination showed that the elevation of total serum protein concentration (9.5 g/dl) with marked elevation of serum IgG level (6,190 mg/dl). Her immunoglobulins contained cryoglobulin (cryocrit 20%), and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated the existence of IgG-kappa monoclonal protein. A positive anti-nuclear antibody at 1:320 dilution, a positive rheumatoid factor and a positive antibody to @entity6540 (Ro) were also observed. The serial studies of blood gas analysis could not demonstrated the presence of @entity520 . Together with the result of elevated plasma antidiuretic hormone level and results of @entity1951 test, Fishberg's concentrating test and the tests of the overload of @entity8777 or @entity3157 , she was diagnosed @entity244 with both @entity2010 and @entity8 . She was initially medicated with @entity617 (40 mg/day, orally), then she was given six courses of intravenous @entity786 (750 mg/body/month).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX complicated with cryoglobulinemia, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and @entity8 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical renal tubular acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity2010 :: ('MESH:D003919', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes insipidus']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['Sj  gren's syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of @entity1638 (GA) compared to other @entity15 ( @entity15 ) therapies in routine clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cohort study carried out in @entity15 @entity1 treated with GA (GA cohort) or other @entity15 therapies -switched from GA- (non-GA cohort). Study data were obtained through review of our @entity15 @entity1 database. The primary endpoint was the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores reached at the end of treatment/last check-up. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity1 were included: GA cohort n  =  120, non-GA cohort n  =  60. @entity1 in the GA cohort showed better EDSS scores at the end of treatment/last check-up (mean      SD, 2.8      1.8 vs. 3.9      2.2; P  =  0.001) and were 1.65 times more likely to show better EDSS scores compared to the non-GA cohort (odds ratio, 0.606; 95%CI, 0.436-0.843; P  =  0.003). @entity1 in the GA cohort showed longer mean time to reach EDSS scores of 6 (209.1 [95%CI, 187.6-230.6] vs. 164.3 [95%CI, 137.0-191.6] months; P  =  0.004) and slower disability progression (hazard ratio, 0.415 [95%CI, 0.286-0.603]; P  <  0.001). The annualized relapse rate was lower in the GA cohort (mean      SD, 0.5      0.5 vs. 0.8      0.5; P  =  0.001) and @entity1 ' quality of life was improved in this study cohort compared to the non-GA cohort (mean      SD, 0.7      0.1 vs. 0.6      0.2; P  =  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: GA may slow down the progression of EDSS scores to a greater extent than other @entity15 therapies, as well as achieving a greater reduction in relapses and a greater improvement in @entity1 ' quality of life. Switching from GA to other @entity15 therapies has not proved to entail a better response to treatment.

title: Effectiveness of @entity1638 compared to other XXXX therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1638 :: ('MESH:C089995', 'Chemical') :: ['glatiramer acetate']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and @entity65 often share a comparable demographic profile. The aim of this analysis was to assess the significance and prevalence of preexisting CV comorbidity and events in @entity1149 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A total of 715 consecutive @entity1149 @entity1 diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 at the Medical University of Innsbruck were retrospectively assessed regarding CV comorbidities, risk factors, @entity5 treatment, CV events occurring after the start of treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: At least one CV comorbidity was present in 462 (67.2%) of 687 evaluable @entity1 . CV events were documented in 68 @entity1 (9.5%), with conduction disorders being the most prevalent (n  = 19), followed by @entity296 (n  = 13), @entity583 (n  = 13), sudden CV @entity204 (n  = 12), need of revascularization (n  = 6), and @entity2294 (n  = 5). Median time between diagnosis of @entity1149 and CV event was 13.9 months. CV comorbidities and events both showed a direct correlation with increasing age, affecting up to 87.3% and 35.2% of all octogenarians in the study, respectively. The following CV comorbidities were significantly associated with CV events: @entity955 , @entity583 , and @entity296 . Overall survival was not reduced in @entity1 experiencing a CV event compared to @entity1 without an event. CONCLUSION: CV disease and events are frequently observed in @entity1149 @entity1 . To provide definitive recommendations on impact, prevention, and screening of CV disease in @entity1149 , prospective trials are desirable.

title: Cardiovascular Comorbidities and Events in  XXXX : Often Underestimated but Worth  Considering.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular (CV) disease']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A previous individual @entity1 data meta-analysis by the Meta-Analysis of Chemotherapy in @entity189 (MAC-NPC) collaborative group to assess the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy showed that it improves overall survival in @entity189 . This benefit was restricted to @entity1 receiving concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The aim of this study was to update the meta-analysis, include recent trials, and to analyse separately the benefit of concomitant plus adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Trials meta-register, ClinicalTrials.gov, and meeting proceedings to identify published or unpublished randomised trials assessing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy in @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity189 and obtained updated data for previously analysed studies. The primary endpoint of interest was overall survival. All trial results were combined and analysed using a fixed-effects model. The statistical analysis plan was pre-specified in a protocol. All data were analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. FINDINGS: We analysed data from 19 trials and 4806 @entity1 . Median follow-up was 7  7 years (IQR 6  2-11  9). We found that the addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy significantly improved overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0  79, 95% CI 0  73-0  86, p<0  0001; absolute benefit at 5 years 6  3%, 95% CI 3  5-9  1). The interaction between treatment effect (benefit of chemotherapy) on overall survival and the timing of chemotherapy was significant (p=0  01) in favour of concomitant plus adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 0  65, 0  56-0  76) and concomitant without adjuvant chemotherapy (0  80, 0  70-0  93) but not adjuvant chemotherapy alone (0  87, 0  68-1  12) or induction chemotherapy alone (0  96, 0  80-1  16). The benefit of the addition of chemotherapy was consistent for all endpoints analysed (all p<0  0001): progression-free survival (HR 0  75, 95% CI 0  69-0  81), locoregional control (0  73, 0  64-0  83), distant control (0  67, 0  59-0  75), and @entity5 mortality (0  76, 0  69-0  84). INTERPRETATION: Our results confirm that the addition of concomitant chemotherapy to radiotherapy significantly improves survival in @entity1 with locoregionally advanced @entity189 . To our knowledge, this is the first analysis that examines the effect of concomitant chemotherapy with and without adjuvant chemotherapy as distinct groups. Further studies on the specific benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after concomitant chemoradiotherapy are needed. FUNDING: French Ministry of Health (Programme d'actions int  gr  es de recherche VADS), Ligue Nationale Contre le @entity5 , and Sanofi-Aventis.

title: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy in XXXX : an update of the MAC-NPC meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'Nasopharynx Carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: Seventy out- @entity1 suffering from @entity5116 were treated with a combination of @entity206 plus @entity1215 or @entity206 alone. A combination of 300 mg. @entity1215 plus 160 mg. @entity206 ( @entity72321 ) was used. Forty-four @entity1 were administered rifaprim at doses of 920 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Twenty-six @entity1 were administered @entity206 at doses of 320 mg. (twice a day) for two months. Cultures of the expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) yielded gram-positive bacteria in 61 @entity1 and gram-negative bacteria in 9. In rifaprim group, clinical responses were excellent in 9 cases, moderate in 23 cases and poor in 12 cases. The efficacy rate was 73%. In @entity206 group, excellent in 1 case, moderate in 14 cases and poor in 11 cases. The efficacy rate was 60%. Seven @entity1 of @entity5116 were treated by local injection of @entity2890 into the prostate. The antibiotic level in the prostatic fluid twenty-four hours after injection was very high. The @entity158 and discomfort experienced by the @entity1 during injection into the prostate were minimal. Local @entity39 was not found after histologic or electron microscopic studies of biopsied prostatic specimen after the injection. Results show that this simple method should be valuable in the treatment of the refractory group of @entity5116 .

title: [The effectiveness of a combination of @entity206 plus XXXX and local injection of antibiotics into the prostate in @entity5116 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bacterial prostatitis']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity1215 :: (MESH:D012293,Chemical) :: ['rifampicin']


abstract: In brandy base wines, no @entity12546 is used and it therefore is ideal for the proliferation of @entity880 bacteria. As part of an extensive taxonomic survey within the ecological framework of South African vineyards and wineries, and the influence of naturally occurring @entity880 bacteria on the quality of wine and brandy, a total of 54 strains were isolated from grape juice and at different stages of brandy base wine production. The strains were identified using numerical analysis of total soluble cell protein patterns, 16S rRNA sequence analyses and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using species-specific primers. The predominant species was @entity26412 (22 strains), but @entity3869 (8 strains), @entity6983 (8 strains) and @entity1336 (6 strains) were also isolated frequently. Many of the @entity26412 strains were isolated from brandy base wines after completion of spontaneous malolactic fermentation (MLF). The @entity1336 spp. were isolated from all the different stages of brandy base wine production. Lb. plantarum was the dominant species in the juice, but disappeared during the later stages of production. However, @entity1336 hilgardii, Lb. brevis and Lb. paracasei were also isolated from base wine after spontaneous MLF. Strains identified as @entity1336 vermiforme were isolated during the alcoholic fermentation and after MLF have been completed. Total soluble cell protein patterns grouped @entity26412 strains into two phenotypic groups. Two phenotypic clusters have also been identified for the Lb. brevis isolates. The Lb. paracasei isolates all grouped in one cluster. This is the first report of the presence of Lb. paracasei and Lb. vermiforme in brandy base wines. The presence of the @entity1336 spp. could be correlated to the decrease in quality of the base wine and distillate, while @entity26412 strains were found to have a more favourable influence on the quality of base wine and distillates. These results shed some light on the ecology and oenological influence of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) on the quality of South African brandy.

title: Identification of XXXX bacteria isolated from South African brandy base wines.

entities_list: @entity12546 :: ('CHEBI:18422', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphur dioxide']

entities_list: @entity26412 :: ('1247', 'Species') :: ['Oenococcus oeni', 'O. oeni']

entities_list: @entity3869 :: ('1580', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus brevis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

entities_list: @entity6983 :: ('1597', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus paracasei']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: The long-term efficacy of @entity8633 as once-a-day monotherapy was studied in 19 @entity1 with stable @entity951 . After 2 weeks of single-blind placebo therapy and a 12-week parallel placebo-controlled, dose-response study, each @entity1 received open-label @entity8633 . After a dose-titration period of 3 months, @entity1 received @entity8633 (100 to 400 mg once a day, mean 290 mg) for 24 months. The response to treatment was assessed by @entity1 diaries and serial treadmill exercise testing 24 hours after dose administration, every 3 months. Only 2 @entity1 were released from the study due to therapeutic failure. Compared with placebo, 3 months of @entity8633 therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the weekly frequency of angina from 10.3 +/- 9.1 to 1.8 +/- 3.5 (p less than 0.002) and @entity1242 consumption from 5.0 +/- 5.4 to 1.4 +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a simultaneous significant increase in the walking time to angina from 5.2 +/- 2.3 to 7.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p less than 0.001) and total exercise time from 7.1 +/- 2.2 to 8.8 +/- 1.9 minutes (p less than 0.001). These favorable effects were sustained throughout the 24 months of the study. Although resting QTc interval was prolonged by 36 to 42 ms (p less than 0.001) during @entity8633 therapy, @entity943 were not observed immediately before or during exercise testing and were not manifested by symptoms. Neurologic and gastrointestinal side effects of mild to moderate severity were observed, but none required discontinuation of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term XXXX monotherapy for @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity8633 :: ('MESH:D015764', 'Chemical') :: ['bepridil']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysrhythmias']

answer: @entity8633 :: (MESH:D015764,Chemical) :: ['bepridil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 ( @entity16154 ) is a candidate gene for @entity5 suppression. The expression of @entity16154 is down-regulated in several @entity5 including @entity2 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of @entity16154 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of @entity1476 ( @entity5379 ( @entity1495 ) in @entity1 @entity2220 A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A recombinant plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged @entity16154 ( @entity16154 ) was used to overexpress GFP-tagged @entity16154 in A549 cells. The cells in the experimental group and those in the control group were transfected with @entity16154 and a control plasmid without @entity16154 (pCMV6-AC-GFP), respectively. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry analysis of GFP expression were used to evaluate the cellular expression of GFP-tagged @entity16154 and the efficiency of transfection. The effects of @entity16154 expression on cell invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell filter migration assay. The gelatinase activity of secreted @entity1476 and @entity1495 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the expression of GFP-tagged @entity16154 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of A549 cells. The findings of transwell assay showed that @entity16154 overexpression reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells compared to control cells. Gelatin zymography analyses revealed that @entity16154 overexpression decreased the gelatinase activity of secreted @entity1476 and @entity1495 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity16154 may be a new anti-invasion factor in @entity2 that inhibits MMPs activities.

title: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 overexpression reduces XXXX activities and cell invasion of @entity2 cell line in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1476 :: ('4313', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2', 'MMP-2']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5379 :: (4313;4318,Gene) :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many migrants face adverse socioeconomic conditions and barriers to health services that can impair timely @entity645 diagnosis and access to life-saving treatments. We aimed to assess the differences in overall mortality by geographical origin in @entity645 -positive @entity1 and @entity1 using data from COHERE, a large European collaboration of @entity645 cohorts from 1997 to 2013. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we included HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive @entity1 accessing care in western Europe from COHERE. Individuals were eligible if enrolled in a cohort that collected information on geographical origin or ethnic origin from Jan 1, 1997, to March 19, 2013, aged 18-75 years, they had available information about sex, they were not infected perinatally or after the receipt of clotting factor concentrates, and were naive to combination antiretroviral therapy at cohort entry. Migrants' origins were grouped into seven regions: western Europe and similar countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA); eastern Europe; North Africa and the Middle East; sub-Saharan Africa; Latin America; the Caribbean; and Asia and the rest of Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). Crude and adjusted mortality rate ratios were calculated by use of Poisson regression stratified by sex, comparing each group with the native population. Multiple imputation with chained equations was used to account for missing values. FINDINGS: Between Oct 25, 1979, and March 19, 2013, we recruited 279   659 individuals to the COHERE collaboration in EuroCoord. Of these 123   344 @entity1 and 45   877 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Our data suggested effect modification by transmission route (pinteraction=0  12 for @entity1 ; pinteraction=0  002 for @entity1 ). No significant difference in mortality was identified by geographical origin in @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 . In heterosexual populations, most migrant @entity1 had mortality lower than or equal to that of native @entity1 , whereas no group of migrant @entity1 had mortality lower than that in native @entity1 . High mortality was identified in heterosexual @entity1 from Latin America (rate ratio [RR] 1  46, 95% CI 1  00-2  12, p=0  049) and heterosexual @entity1 from the Caribbean (1  48, 1  29-1  70, p<0  0001). Compared with that in the native population, mortality in injecting drug users was similar or low for all migrant groups. INTERPRETATION: Characteristics of and risks faced by migrant populations with @entity645 differ for @entity1 and @entity1 and for populations infected heterosexually, by sex between @entity1 , or by injecting drug use. Further research is needed to understand how inequalities are generated and maintained for the groups with higher mortality identified in this study. FUNDING: EuroCoord.

title: Mortality in migrants living with XXXX in western Europe (1997-2013): a collaborative cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'women', 'men']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: AIM: Devise simplified formulae, using preoperative clinical data, to give risk estimates of (1) @entity177 and (2) @entity5442 ( @entity5442 ) following primary @entity1713 repair by vitrectomy. METHODS: 641 @entity1 were analysed as part of an RCT investigating use of @entity1487 and low-molecular-weight heparin. Treatment status had no effect on success rates and did not therefore form part of the analyses. Preoperative risk factors for surgical @entity177 and for @entity5442 within 6 months of @entity1713 surgery were identified, and a multiple variable logistic regression model developed. Further analyses were performed to devise a simple points system to produce risk estimates of @entity177 . RESULTS: Three risk factors were related to @entity177 -previous lens extraction (p=0.046), grade C @entity5442 (p=0.039) and extent of detachment (p<0.001). Three risk factors were also related to @entity177 due to @entity5442 -vitreous @entity548 (p=0.088), grade C @entity5442 (p=0.044) and extent of detachment (p<0.001). There was good agreement between risk estimates produced by the points system and those calculated directly using a multivariate regression model. The points-system model gave an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.658. The receiver operating characteristic curve for the @entity5442 model gave an area under the curve of 0.8399 suggesting greater diagnostic value. CONCLUSIONS: A simple points system may be used as a clinical guide to identify @entity1 at higher risk of @entity177 following @entity1713 repair by vitrectomy. This may help clinicians select appropriate surgical approaches and stratify cases in research and surgical training.

title: @entity1713 repair by vitrectomy: simplified formulae to estimate the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5442 :: ('MESH:D009220', 'Disease') :: ['proliferative vitreoretinpathy', 'PVR']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['failure']


abstract: The blockade of @entity4458 ( @entity4458 ) is effective in @entity792 prevention. Recently, a brief period of @entity4458 mAb treatment was reported to induce tolerance and enhancement of @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) regulatory T cell activity. We therefore determined the efficacy of @entity4458 mAb treatment in autoimmunity that resulted from @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) regulatory T cell deficiency. @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) and oocyte autoantibody response of day 3-thymectomized (d3tx) @entity19 were inhibited by continuous @entity4458 mAb treatment from day 3, or from days 10-14, whereas @entity4458 mAb treatment confined to the neonatal week was ineffective. The enhanced expression of memory markers ( @entity3844 and @entity6232 (low)) on @entity1961 (+) T cells of the d3tx @entity19 was unaffected by @entity4458 mAb treatment. In contrast, their increased T cell activation markers ( @entity26490 and @entity3783 ) were eliminated by @entity4458 mAb treatment. Moreover, ex vivo activated T cells of d3tx @entity19 expressed elevated intracellular @entity60 , and this was also blocked by @entity4458 mAb. The memory T cells, although nonpathogenic in @entity4458 mAb-positive environment, transferred severe @entity2670 to @entity4458 mAb(-) neonatal recipients. Most importantly, @entity4458 mAb treatment inhibited @entity2670 in recipients of T cells from d3tx donors with severe @entity2670 and led to regression of @entity2670 in d3tx @entity19 documented at 4 wk. Therefore, 1) the continuous presence of @entity4458 mAb both prevents and causes regression of @entity2670 in the d3tx @entity19 ; and 2) the multiple steps of the d3tx @entity792 , including T cell activation, cytokine production, T cell-mediated @entity32 , and tissue injury, are @entity4458 dependent.

title: CD40 ligand in pathogenesis of @entity2670 of day 3-thymectomized XXXX : implication for CD40 ligand antibody therapy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['AOD', 'Autoimmune ovarian disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Although associated factors are important for the occurrence of @entity16 in @entity4053 , they are not fully understood. Sixty @entity1 with @entity4053 were studied through a review of their medical records in Tottori University Hospital. The @entity1 were classified into two main groups: Group I were @entity1 who had @entity1032 , @entity245 , @entity306 or @entity302 while Group II were those who were normal in their follow-up. Group I consisted of 12 @entity1 while Group II consisted of 48 @entity1 . The median gestational age was 38 weeks in Group I and 36.7 weeks in Group II. The frequencies of small for gestational age were similar in both groups. Blood @entity413 levels less than 15 mg/dl were more frequent in Group 1 (50.0%) than in Group 2 (14.6%) (P=0.015). Duration of @entity4053 was longer in Group I (median, 14 h) than in Group II (median, 1.75 h) (p<0.001). The following factors were more frequent in Group I than in Group II: @entity6064 (33.3% and 8.3%, p=0.043), fetal distress (58.3% and 14.5%, p=0.004), an Apgar score of less than 5 at 1 min (33.3% and 6.4%, p=0.025), @entity410 (53.8% and 4.3%, p<0.001) and pathological @entity1087 (41.7% and 6.4%, p=0.006). Cranial CT or MRI revealed @entity75 in 8 of the 9 Group I @entity1 in follow-up examinations. This study indicates that severe and @entity1162 can cause @entity75 and other perinatal risk factors, such as @entity519 , @entity410 and pathological @entity1087 , would exacerbate @entity1545 .

title: Associated factors in neonatal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal seizure']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neural damage']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged neonatal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemic brain injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present a single-center experience with 25 cases of @entity600 and the review the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of @entity1 with @entity600 who were operated between July 1997 and July 2007 in our institute; we examined the modes of presentations, management, and outcome. Outcome of all @entity1 was assessed over a short follow-up period (average 1.8 months). RESULTS: Out of 25 @entity1 , 18 (72%) were male and 7 (28%) were female. Age of @entity1 ranged from 1 day to 11 years. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity2977 [ @entity2977 ; n = 14 (56%)], @entity14943 [ @entity14943 ; n = 5 (20%)], pulmonary sequestrations [PS; n = 3 (12%)], and @entity5619 [ @entity5619 ; n = 3 (12%)]. Antenatal diagnosis was available in only 2 (8%) @entity1 . The common presenting symptoms were @entity649 and @entity5837 . Lobectomy was the procedure of choice. Mortality was 16% (n = 4; M: F = 3: 1). Two @entity1 died because of @entity295 , one from compromised cardiac function, and one from aspiration which might possibly have been prevented. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with progressive @entity649 due to these anomalies may require urgent surgical intervention regardless of age. The surgical outcome is favorable, with manageable complications. Plain x-ray chest and CT of thorax are usually sufficient for diagnosis and planning of treatment. Pathological diagnosis may differ from the imaging diagnosis. Mortality is found to be more in neonates. Apart from initial stabilization, resection of lesion and careful postoperative care is necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity.

title: XXXX : a single-center experience and a review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5619 :: ('MESH:D001994', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bronchogenic cysts']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['overwhelming sepsis']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity5837 :: ('MESH:D056586', 'Disease') :: ['chest infections']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary malformations', 'congenital bronchopulmonary malformations']

entities_list: @entity14943 :: ('MESH:C535735', 'Disease') :: ['CLE', 'congenital lobar emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2977 :: ('MESH:D015615', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cystic adenomatoid malformations', 'CCAM']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Congenital bronchopulmonary malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of @entity519 and @entity519 -combined-exercise on @entity2478 and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) and its receptor @entity12186 of skeletal muscle in @entity35 . METHODS: Myosin-ATPase histochemistry was used to assay the size and @entity2478 of skeletal muscle. @entity6667 and its receptor @entity12186 were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Five-week @entity519 (simulated 5,000 m altitude) resulted in a decrease in cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle fiber and an increase in @entity2478 ( @entity2478 ), but the capillary/fiber ratio (C/F) remained unchanged. After 5-week-exercise at high altitude (1 h/d, 6 d/w), the muscle fibers did not undergo @entity194 . At the same time, @entity2478 and C/F were increased. @entity6667 protein was found primarily in the matrix between muscle fibers; @entity6667 receptor- @entity12186 was shown mainly in endothelial cells of capillary. @entity6667 was more strongly stained in the skeletal muscle of @entity519 -combined-exercise @entity35 than the other two groups. CONCLUSION: @entity519 itself can not induce @entity2295 , while @entity519 -combined-exercise @entity35 show capillary proliferation in skeletal muscle. @entity6667 and its receptor might play roles in this process.

title: [Effects of @entity519 alone or exercise combined on capillarization of XXXX gastrocnemius muscle and its mechanism].

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['CD', 'capillary density']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoxia', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Translocation of bacteria and endotoxtin has long been documented in @entity3883 , and altered intestinal barrier function is considered to be one of the important mechanisms for this phenomenon. The regulation of gastrointestinal mucosal response to injury is thus of important clinical as well as biological relevance. Integrins play a critical role in enterocyte migration, which is essential to @entity33 . This study is designed to evaluate the integrins status in @entity3883 . Male @entity35 (N = 37) were randomized to three groups. Group 1 (N = 12) underwent common bile duct ligation (CBDL), group 2 (N = 12) underwent common bile duct ligation with oral @entity1160 administration (CBDL + G), and group 3 (N = 13) underwent a sham operation (sham control). After seven days, segments of proximal jejunum and distal ileum were harvested, and cell surface immunohistochemical expression of LFA-1alpha and VLA-6 were evaluated and recorded. The staining intensities were graded on a scale of 0-4. Comparisons among the three groups were performed. There was no significant difference in VLA-6 staining on small intestine among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in LFA-1alpha staining the on jejunum between group 1 (CBDL) and group 3 (sham control) (P > 0.05). However, the LFA-1alpha staining on the ileum in group 1 (CBDL) significantly decreased when compared with group 3 (sham control) (P = 0.008). With oral @entity1160 administration (0.2 g/kg body weight, once daily), LFA-1alpha staining on the ileum was significantly restored in group 2 (CBDL + G). In conclusion, @entity3883 for one week down-regulates LFA-1alpha expression on @entity35 ileum. With oral @entity1160 administration, such down-regulation of LFA-1alpha expression on @entity35 ileum can be restored. Such a phenomenon is intriguing and deserves further evaluation and elucidation.

title: XXXX alters LFA-1alpha expression in @entity35 small intestine.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal healing']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

answer: @entity3883 :: (MESH:D041781,Disease) :: ['Obstructive jaundice']


abstract: We wished to investigate the modulating effects of a glucocorticoid on mortality and sustained @entity551 in endotoxemic @entity35 in conjunction with in vitro study of responses of isolated aorta to @entity4338 , @entity1063 (NE), and @entity934 ( @entity1617 ). @entity5694 was induced by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 50 mg/kg @entity526 endotoxin in @entity35 , resulting in high mortality. Pretreatment with U-67,590A, @entity73220 , at a dose of 9 mg/kg resulted in 100% survival; the survival rate of saline-treated controls was 21%. Isolated @entity35 aorta that had been treated with endotoxin for 4 h showed decreases in contractile responses to @entity4338 and NE and in relaxing response to @entity1617 . Similar attenuation of contractile responsiveness was observed in endothelium-denuded preparations. Addition of endotoxin to the in vitro tissue bath did not inhibit the responses in a 4-h period. Pretreatment with @entity73220 inhibited the late gradual decrease in blood pressure (BP) but not the early @entity551 response to endotoxin. The responses to @entity4338 or NE of aorta isolated 4 h after the endotoxin injection remained suppressed in U-67,590A-treated @entity35 but were restored in 24 h. These results suggest that @entity5694 impairs the endothelium moderately, but this does not account for either reduced reactivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents or the sustained @entity551 . The @entity134 inhibits @entity5694 -induced mortality and sustained @entity551 .

title: Antishock effect of U-67,590A, XXXX , associated with restoration of lowered vascular reactivity in endotoxemic @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity73220 :: ('MESH:C052305', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone suleptanate', 'U-67,590A']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['Endotoxemia', 'endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity73220 :: (MESH:C052305,Chemical) :: ['methylprednisolone suleptanate']


abstract: The present study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of @entity1374 in the elderly, aged 65 years or older, in a community of southern Taiwan. By using the records of the local household registry, a sampling frame for the elderly population was constructed, and a sample of 1,400 subjects was drawn by simple random sampling. After the exclusion of nonresponse subjects, 917 subjects aged between 65 and 88 years (mean 71.9) were included in our survey. The serum thyrotropin levels of these @entity1 were measured by monoclonal antibodies TSH immunoradiometric assays. A normal range, 0.45-4.65 microU/ml, was determined from the middle 95% of the TSH distribution of 140 'disease-free' subjects. By reference to the normal range, 23 (2.51%) @entity1 had high (> 4.65 microU/ml), and 41 (4.47%) had low (< 0.46 microU/ml) TSH levels. The overall prevalence of @entity1374 in the sample was 6.98%. Of the 23 @entity1 with high TSH levels, 8 (34.8%) had low free T4 values (< 1.21 ng/dl), so-called @entity1375 , and of the 41 @entity1 with low TSH levels, only 1 (2.4%) had high T3 values, so-called T3 @entity2743 . Antithyroid antibodies were found in 56.5% of those with high TSH levels but only 12.2% of those with low TSH levels (odds ratio = 8.53, 95% confidence limits = 2.55-28.50, p < 0.001). This result indicates that @entity792 is still the major cause of @entity1375 in aged @entity1 . However, the prevalence of subclinical @entity1378 is higher than that of @entity1375 and it might relate to nonautoimmune factors.

title: Prevalence study of XXXX in the elderly of Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical hypothyroidism', 'overt hypothyroidism', 'hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction']

answer: @entity1374 :: (MESH:D013959,Disease) :: ['thyroid dysfunction']


abstract: The severity of acute experimental @entity1566 in @entity35 was assessed quantitatively with the aid of an automated image analyzer by measuring the amount of degenerating axons that had developed distal to the site of mechanical insult. @entity1566 was produced in adult male @entity35 by epidural compression at T-11 with a @entity455 . On the 7th postoperative day, the animals were graded according to the degree of hindlimb @entity51 , as follows: Grade 0: normal (three @entity35 ); Grade 1: crawling with difficulty (10 @entity35 ); Grade 2: some @entity717 (nine @entity35 ); and Grade 3: no @entity717 (nine @entity35 ). The @entity35 were then sacrificed. The L-6 segment was chosen for selective @entity575 impregnation of degenerating axons by the Fink-Heimer method. @entity575 grains, representing degenerating axons and their terminals, were accumulated in the descending tracts and in Rexed's laminae VII and VIII. The extent of axonal damage was expressed by the percentage of the area occupied by @entity575 grains in Rexed's lamina VIII. The area occupied by @entity575 grains was 17.0% (mean) in Grade 0 @entity35 , 22.3% +/- 2.63% (mean +/- standard deviation) in Grade 1 @entity35 , 28.7% +/- 3.35% in Grade 2 @entity35 , and 35.9% +/- 2.76% in Grade 3 @entity35 . The severity in Grade 3 @entity35 was close to that of @entity35 with transected cords (37.6% +/- 0.89%). The differences among the groups were statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This method may serve as a useful tool for the objective assessment of therapeutic modalities in large series of small experimental animals.

title: Experimental XXXX : quantitation of axonal damage by automated image analysis.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Biemer vascular clip']

entities_list: @entity575 :: ('MESH:D012834', 'Chemical') :: ['Silver', 'silver']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficit']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord injury', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary movement']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: In a replication and extension of previous research (Tenhula _ Sweet, 1996), the current study investigated the utility of the Category Test (CT) for detecting feigned @entity73 . Ninety-two undergraduate @entity1 were randomly assigned to one of three groups and administered the CT. A Coached Simulator group was instructed to simulate @entity73 and was provided test-taking strategies to avoid detection. An Uncoached Simulator group was simply instructed to feign impairment. A control group was instructed to perform optimally. In addition, the CT results of 30 @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 were analyzed. The results largely supported the utility of five CT malingering indicators identified by Tenhula and Sweet: (a) number of errors on subtests I and II, (b) number of errors on subtest VII, (c) total @entity1062 , (d) number of errors on 19 "easy" items, and (e) number of criteria exceeded. Correct Classification rates of the five indicators for Uncoached Simulators and optimal performance controls ranged from 87% to 98%. Correct Classification rates for the @entity131 @entity1 ranged from 70% to 100%. In addition, significantly more Coached Simulators were misclassified as nonsimulators on four of the CT malingering indicators, relative to their Uncoached counterparts. A decision rule of > 1 error on subtests I and II was consistently the most accurate malingering indicator, regardless of degree of @entity15285 or presence of @entity131 . This indicator correctly classified 76% of all simulators and 100% of the optimal performance controls and @entity131 @entity1 . Implications of providing @entity1 with test-taking strategies and the utility of these CT malingering indicators for various populations are discussed.

title: Effects of XXXX on detecting feigned @entity73 with the Category test.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

answer: @entity15285 :: (MESH:C536430,Disease) :: ['coaching']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5042 is the most common complication after colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity254 (IPAA) for UC and the risk is the highest within the 1st year after surgery. The pathogenesis is not completely understood but clinical response to antibiotics suggests a role for gut microbiota. We hypothesised that the risk for @entity5042 can be predicted based on the faecal microbial composition before colectomy. DESIGN: Faecal samples from 21 @entity1 with UC undergoing IPAA were prospectively collected before colectomy and at predefined clinical visits at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12   months after IPAA. The predominant microbiota was analysed using community profiling with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis followed by quantitative real-time PCR validation. RESULTS: Cluster analysis before colectomy distinguished @entity1 with @entity5042 from those with normal pouch during the 1st year of follow-up. In @entity1 developing @entity5042 , an increase of Ruminococcus gnavus (p<0.001), @entity3395 (p=0.043), @entity3168 (p=0.011) and a reduction of two Lachnospiraceae genera (Blautia (p=0.04), Roseburia (p=0.008)) was observed. A score combining these five bacterial risk factors was calculated and presence of at least two risk factors showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 63.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of R. gnavus, @entity3395 and @entity3168 and absence of Blautia and Roseburia in faecal samples of @entity1 with UC before surgery is associated with a higher risk of @entity5042 after IPAA. Our findings suggest new predictive and therapeutic strategies in @entity1 undergoing colectomy with IPAA.

title: Specific members of the predominant gut microbiota predict XXXX following colectomy and IPAA in UC.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5042 :: ('MESH:D019449', 'Disease') :: ['Pouchitis', 'pouchitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3395 :: ('821', 'Species') :: ['B. vulgatus', 'Bacteroides vulgatus']

entities_list: @entity3168 :: ('1502', 'Species') :: ['C. perfringens', 'Clostridium perfringens']

answer: @entity5042 :: (MESH:D019449,Disease) :: ['pouchitis']


abstract: Severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia associated with @entity1031 is a well known complication, although the exact pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. It sets the problem of whether to continue heparin therapy because standard heparin must be withdrawn. Heparin is a mucopolysaccharide composed of fractions of different molecular weights. The fractions with high molecular weights have been held responsible for these severe @entity882 and so, the use of low molecular weight heparin has been suggested. The authors used subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin ( @entity11270 Choay Institute) at empirical doses of 350 to 1 500 units/kg/24 hour in six cases of severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia. Platelet counts rapidly returned to normal (4 days on average) in 5 cases. Thrombocytopaenia persisted with low molecular weight heparin in 1 case. The study of @entity1423 was positive with low molecular weight heparin in this case and the platelet count returned to normal when the treatment was withdrawn. The authors conclude that, although low molecular weight heparin is useful in severe heparin-induced thrombocytopaenia, its efficacy remains modest. Not only may @entity1423 persist with low molecular weight heparin which rekindles the debate as to its pathogenic mechanism, but also low molecular weight heparin may have a slight antithrombin effect which limits its use in @entity1 at high risk of @entity1031 , imposing treatment with fast acting @entity2067 antagonists.

title: [Severe XXXX from heparin: value of the use of low molecular weight heparin. Apropos of 6 cases].

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenias']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombopenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Elevated @entity3027 is believed to be one of the crucial factors involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Its expression was recently found to be governed by the transcription factor @entity16262 which is involved in an autoregulatory triad along with @entity517 and the microRNA polycistron @entity10014 . However, this intricate triad has seldom been investigated in SLE @entity1 . Therefore, the current study was undertaken to investigate the expression pattern of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad in peripheral blood of SLE @entity1 as well as to examine the impact of manipulating this triad using @entity12425 mimics and inhibitors on @entity3027 signature in SLE @entity1 . METHODS: Expression of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 triad and the @entity3027 -stimulated gene @entity13434 was analyzed using real time qPCR. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE @entity1 and controls were transfected with @entity12425 mimics and antagomirs using the HiPerfect transfection reagent. RESULTS: @entity16262 transcripts and @entity12425 were significantly downregulated while @entity517 and @entity13434 transcripts were significantly upregulated in SLE. Also, transfection of SLE PBMCs with @entity12425 mimics led to a substantial repression of @entity16262 and @entity517 expression. The overall change in this triad upon @entity12425 mimicking resulted in lowering the transcript levels of the @entity3027 -inducible gene @entity13434 in SLE. CONCLUSION: This may advocate the manipulation/use of the @entity16262 / @entity517 / @entity12425 trinity to effectively control the aberrantly high levels of type I @entity3027 activity in lupus @entity1 .

title: Targeting @entity16262 and XXXX expression by microRNA-17-5p represses interferon-stimulated gene @entity13434 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity3027 :: ('3439', 'Gene') :: ['type I interferon (IFN)', 'IFN']

answer: @entity517 :: (4609,Gene) :: ['c-Myc']


abstract: A total of 813 @entity1 admitted to Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1963--1972 with @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) were reviewed for gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. Primary involvement was found in 71 and secondary involvement in 31 @entity1 . Occult GI involvement was detected in 46% of the autopsy cases. The median survival time after the diagnosis of secondary GI involvement was nine months. The occurrence of primary @entity1893 was: 33 in the stomach, 18 in the small intestine, 14 in the ileocecal area including appendix, and 6 in the large intestine. Retrospective staging according to the Ann Arbor staging classification showed 24 to have presented as Stage I, 30 as Stage II, 4 as Stage III, and 13 as Stage IV. The primary diagnostic and therapeutic approach was operative, except in 2 @entity1 with @entity706 . Resection of the principally involved site was carried out in 42 @entity1 . The remainder had palliative procedures or biopsy examinations only. Postoperative radiation therapy was given to 38 @entity1 . Prognostically important features for primary @entity1893 were: stage; histologic type; site of the @entity66 ; and whether or not radiotherapy was administered. The age of the @entity1 , size or degree of local extension, and type of operative procedure were prognostically of no importance. The results of this study would indicate that in Stage I and II primary @entity1893 , elective resection is not necessary prior to radiation therapy and that resection alone cannot be considered adequate treatment. A modified staging classification is proposed.

title: Gastrointestinal involvement in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['NHL', 'GI-NHL', "non Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['rectal lymphoma']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The major clinical challenge in the treatment of high-grade serous @entity43 (HGSOC) is the development of progressive resistance to @entity902 -based chemotherapy. The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity5 genetic heterogeneity resulting from @entity2214 and the emergence of @entity5 populations in HGSOC was associated with the development of resistant disease. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Evolutionary inference and phylogenetic quantification of heterogeneity was performed using the MEDICC algorithm on high-resolution whole genome copy number profiles and selected genome-wide sequencing of 135 spatially and temporally separated samples from 14 @entity1 with HGSOC who received @entity902 -based chemotherapy. Samples were obtained from the clinical CTCR-OV03/04 studies, and @entity1 were enrolled between 20 July 2007 and 22 October 2009. Median follow-up of the cohort was 31 mo (interquartile range 22-46 mo), censored after 26 October 2013. Outcome measures were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). There were marked differences in the degree of @entity2214 ( @entity2214 ) between @entity1 (median 0.74, interquartile range 0.66-1.15), and dichotimization by median @entity2214 showed worse survival in @entity2214 -high cases (PFS 12.7 versus 10.1 mo, p = 0.009; @entity1349 42.6 versus 23.5 mo, p = 0.003). Bootstrap analysis with resampling showed that the 95% confidence intervals for the hazard ratios for PFS and @entity1349 in the @entity2214 -high group were greater than 1.0. These data support a relationship between heterogeneity and survival but do not precisely determine its effect size. Relapsed tissue was available for two @entity1 in the @entity2214 -high group, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the prevalent clonal population at clinical recurrence arose from early divergence events. A subclonal population marked by a @entity1265 deletion showed a progressive @entity5 allele fraction during chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that quantitative measures of @entity5 heterogeneity may have predictive value for survival after chemotherapy treatment in HGSOC. @entity5 populations are present in pre-treatment biopsies in HGSOC and can undergo expansion during chemotherapy, causing clinical relapse.

title: Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in high-grade serous XXXX : a phylogenetic analysis.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal evolution', 'CE', 'clonal expansion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['subclonal tumour', 'Subclonal tumour', 'intra-tumour', 'increase in tumour']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Actinic @entity9586 (AP) is a type of photodermatosis, the pathophysiology of which has not been determined. AP has been suggested to be a @entity56 reaction to the presence of eosinophils and the local production of IgE. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive study, using @entity982 blocks of tissue that have been diagnosed with AP from the Dermopathology department, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea Gonz  lez. In 66 blocks from 63 @entity1 , eosinophils were identified by @entity1710 and @entity1711 staining, and mastocytes were labeled by immunohistochemistry. Three random microphotographs (40x) were used, and cell counts were calculated as the mean count in the 3 microphotographs. RESULTS: Forty cases (63.5%) were female, and 23 (36.5%) were male. The mean age was 26.49   14.09 years; regarding the evolution time of the disease, the average was 11.93 years   11.39. In 38 of 63 cases (60%), the lip, skin, and conjunctiva were affected clinically. In 22 of 63 cases (34%), AP @entity10212 was the sole manifestation, and in 4 of 63 cases (6%), there were lesions in the skin and conjunctiva. The mean eosinophil count was 9 per case, the average number of mastocytes/field was 28.48 (range 0 to 66) Kruskal-Wallis p=0.001. CONCLUSIONS: There are elements in AP that mediate the reaction of @entity56 type IV b, necessitating the identification of triggering factors. Key words:Actinic @entity9586 , eosinophil, @entity56 IV b, IgE, mastocytes.

title: Inmunohistochemical detection of mastocytes in tissue from @entity1 with actinic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity9586 :: (MESH:D011536,Disease) :: ['prurigo']