abstract: The objective of this study was to examine if individuals living near a @entity595 processing site have greater mutagenic damage, as measured by three mutagenicity assays, compared with subjects unexposed to any nuclear facilities. The design was a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of 112 subjects; 56 volunteer residents were from within a 5-mile radius of the Fernald @entity595 Processing site and 56 'control' subjects were from a geographically separate area unexposed to any known @entity595 emissions. The groups were constrained to be similar in age and sex composition. The main outcome measures were three @entity1 somatic gene mutation assays consisting of the @entity9996 T-lymphocyte cloning assay to measure @entity332 resistant lymphocytes; the @entity20807 assay to detect the loss of expression of the M or N allele; and the micronucleus assay as a marker of chromosomal damage. The results showed no statistically significant or quantitatively important differences between groups for all three mutagenicity assays; only the unselected cloning efficiency was statistically significantly different between groups (0.42 +/- 0.16 for the Fernald versus 0.35 +/- 0.12 for the comparison groups). In both groups, age was significantly related to @entity9996 mutant frequency, with a 1.25% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the Fernald group and a 1.12% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the comparison group. For the micronucleus data, females had a greater mean micronucleus frequency than males. In addition, smokers had an increased mean ln (natural logarithm) @entity9996 mutant frequency (3.06 +/- 0.14 for current smokers compared with a mean of 2.72 +/- 0.05 for non-current (i.e. never plus former) smokers). Our results are consistent with the previously reported association between sex type and micronucleus frequency, the known relationship between age and T-lymphocyte cloning efficiency and age and @entity9996 mutant frequency, and verify the wide inter-subject variability for the latter. Finally, we conclude that at a population level, the relationships between current cigarette use and @entity9996 mutant frequency, and sex type and micronucleus frequency, are stronger than is the association between geographic proximity to a @entity595 processing site and mutagenic abnormalities.

title: Do XXXX living near a @entity595 processing site have evidence of increased somatic cell gene mutations? A first study.

entities_list: @entity20807 :: ('MESH:D006021', 'Chemical') :: ['glycophorin A']

entities_list: @entity332 :: ('MESH:D013866', 'Chemical') :: ['6-thioguanine']

entities_list: @entity595 :: ('MESH:D014501', 'Chemical') :: ['Uranium', 'uranium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: In cases of tracheal compression by a mediastinal mass or @entity449 , muscle relaxant might induce fetal @entity177 . It is known to be valuable to keep spontaneous @entity1353 in these cases. A 42-years-old @entity1 complicated with @entity1614 had @entity1576 due to acute progression of @entity6184 caused by compression from the ascending and aortic @entity2849 . After the induction of general anesthesia for video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for high-pneumothorax, she was placed in lateral position. Suddenly it became difficult to ventilate her and her oxygenation saturation declined with @entity1168 . We returned her to supine position and then could manage to ventilate her easier. But we could not maintain stable ventilation until her spontaneous @entity1353 appeared. VATS was cancelled and she was brought in to the ICU after extubation. In the ICU she developed @entity649 again soon and was reintubated under consciousness guided by bronchofiber scope. We managed successfully to keep spontaneous @entity1353 intact under proper sedation by three sedative drugs; @entity1875 , @entity1363 and @entity1286 for 5 days until the next operation. We realized the importance of maintaining spontaneous @entity1353 under proper sedation in a case of severe @entity6184 .

title: [Respiratory management in a @entity1 with severe XXXX caused by compression from the ascending @entity449 ].

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathing']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6184 :: ('MESH:D014135', 'Disease') :: ['tracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['ventilatory failure']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity6184 :: (MESH:D014135,Disease) :: ['tracheal stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survivors of childhood @entity1313 (CBTs) are at high risk for a variety of late adverse effects. Most research on long-term effects of CBTs has been comprised of single-institution case series without comparison groups. Research on @entity12707 late effects often is focused on neurologic and sensory outcomes, with less emphasis on other potential targets such as the endocrine and circulatory systems. The current study was conducted to contrast the incidence of endocrine and @entity65 among @entity12707 survivors as a function of treatment and to determine the risk of occurrence of these conditions relative to a sibling comparison group. METHODS: As part of the @entity5 Survivor Study (CCSS), treatment data were collected from medical records and self-reported late effects were ascertained from a survey questionnaire of 1,607 @entity12707 @entity1 who survived their disease for 5 or more years. For comparison purposes, questionnaire data were also collected from 3418 randomly selected siblings of @entity1 in CCSS. RESULTS: One or more endocrine conditions were reported by 43% of @entity12707 survivors. Compared with siblings, @entity12707 survivors had a significantly increased risk of late-onset (>/= 5 years postdiagnosis) @entity1375 (relative risk [RR] = 14.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 9.7-21.0), @entity2338 (RR = 277.8; 95% CI 111.1-694.9), the need for medications to induce puberty (RR = 86.1; 95% CI 31.1-238.2), and @entity170 (RR = 24.7; 95% CI 9.9-61.4). One or more @entity65 were reported by 18% of @entity12707 survivors, with an elevated late-onset risk for @entity64 (RR = 42.8; 95% CI 16.7-109.8), @entity4461 (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 3.2-10.0), and @entity951 -like symptoms (RR = 2.0; 95% CI 1.5-2.7). Very few late effects were evident among those treated with surgery only, but risks were consistently elevated for those treated with radiation and surgery, and higher still for those who also received adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Childhood brain @entity5 survivors are at a significantly increased risk for several adverse endocrine and @entity65 , particularly if they were treated with radiation and chemotherapy. Lifetime medical surveillance and follow-up for potential @entity137 are necessary because treatment-related complications may occur many years after therapy.

title: Endocrine and @entity65 among adult survivors of childhood @entity1313 : XXXX Survivor Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['growth hormone deficiency']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Childhood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular conditions', 'cardiovascular late effects']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Childhood Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in @entity356 should be further evaluated because the accuracy of EUS depends on @entity5 location. We aimed to identify a specific role of EUS for therapeutic decision-making in @entity1 with @entity356 . METHODS: Initial EUS examinations for treatment-na  ve @entity356 that were followed by endoscopic resection or surgery were included in the study. Lesions were classified as @entity4617 according to @entity5 location. The diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting invasion depth was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of EUS in predicting invasion depth did not differ between the @entity4617 groups (44.4 vs. 52.3  %, P  =  0.259). The underestimation rate was higher in the @entity4617 group than in the @entity4617 group (37.0 vs. 18.5  %, P  =  0.001). When the depth of invasion was predicted to be deeper than the mucosa (submucosal or deeper) by EUS, the positive predictive value was 82.1 [95  % confidence interval (CI), 66.5-92.5  %] and 62.9  % (95  % CI, 60.5-66.9  %) in the @entity4617 groups, respectively (P  =  0.015). In multivariable analysis, @entity5 location in the @entity418 was found to be an independent factor for the underestimation of invasion depth [odds ratio (95  % CI)  =  2.242 (1.156-4.349)]. CONCLUSIONS: The underestimation rate in predicting invasion depth was significantly higher for @entity4617 . Therefore, selection of the treatment method for @entity356 via EUS should be done carefully.

title: A specific role of endoscopic ultrasonography for therapeutic decision-making in XXXX with @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4617 :: ('MESH:D006338', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and non-cardiac cancer', 'non-cardiac cancer', 'cardiac cancer', 'cardiac cancers than for non-cardiac cancers']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cardia cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether the investigational proteasome inhibitor @entity34680 demonstrated selective anti-neoplastic activity against @entity3052 cells expressing a mutated nucleophosmin-1 gene and to gain a better understanding of its mechanisms of action. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The cytotoxic effects of @entity34680 treatment were analyzed in @entity1 @entity3052 cell lines and primary @entity3052 samples expressing wild type or mutated @entity8102 (NPMc+). The potential roles of oxidative stress in mediating cytotoxic activity were determined using flow cytometry, enzyme-based assays, and western blots. RESULTS: Apoptosis induced by @entity34680 was abrogated by knock down of @entity8102 /NPMc+ expression using an inducible shRNA construct and enhanced by NPMc+ overexpression. @entity137 was associated with @entity224 generation and was reduced by the addition of the antioxidant @entity898 . @entity3052 cells expressing NPMc+ had significantly reduced levels of intracellular @entity2041 and @entity1110 associated with reduced antioxidant responses to drug treatment. Treatment of three @entity1 with relapsed @entity3052 resulted in an anti- @entity1778 effect in one @entity1 as demonstrated by a marked @entity1778 in the peripheral blood. Efficacy was associated with @entity224 generation, reduced @entity2041 levels, and reduced mRNA and protein expression of antioxidant effectors in responding cells. CONCLUSION: In this study a direct association was observed between NPMc+ expression in @entity3052 , reduced antioxidant responses, and enhanced sensitivity to an oral proteasome inhibitor that induces oxidative stress. These data suggest that intracellular determinants of antioxidant responses may be good predictors of therapeutic response to @entity34680 .

title: Selective toxicity of investigational @entity34680 for XXXX @entity1778 cells expressing mutant cytoplasmic @entity8102 : Role of reactive oxygen species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['NPMc+ AML', 'acute myelogenous leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of leukemic blasts', 'leukemic']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the impact of selective imaging on clinical management of @entity1 who present with symptoms suggesting @entity697 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a two-and-half year period, 941 consecutive @entity1 with right lower @entity158 were analyzed. @entity1 who underwent selective imaging were compared to those treated without further imaging. RESULTS: In 650 (69%) @entity1 with right lower @entity158 , diagnosis was based on medical history, physical and laboratory examination only. The diagnostic accuracy was 84%. Another 291 @entity1 (31%) underwent selective imaging reaching a diagnostic accuracy of 71%. Ultrasound was conducted in 277 @entity1 (sensitivity: 59%; specificity: 91%). CT scan was conducted in 43 @entity1 (sensitivity: 100%; specificity: 95%). CONCLUSION: The present study shows that, in the majority of @entity1 , @entity698 acuta can be diagnosed without the aid of imaging studies. In all these cases, high diagnostic accuracy rates and low morbidity rates were achieved. In all the other cases when clinical diagnosis is uncertain, further evaluation should include imaging. In our series ultrasound is of limited value; CT scan or diagnostic laparoscopy seems superior.

title: Evaluating routine diagnostic imaging in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['quadrant pain']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Coexistence of @entity6436 ( @entity6436 ) and @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) is extremely rare. The purpose of this article is to analyze the clinical features, image findings, and therapeutic outcomes of concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Detailed clinical records of 3 Chinese @entity1 with concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 were reviewed, including their clinical history, symptoms and signs, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and @entity479 therapy. RESULTS: Among the 3 @entity1 , were 2 @entity1 and 1 @entity1 , aged 42, 49, and 48 years, respectively. The right orbit was involved in 1 @entity1 and both orbits in 2 @entity1 . In addition to showing the typical features of @entity6875 , such as @entity1378 , upper eyelid retraction, and enlarged extraocular muscles with tendon sparing, all 3 @entity1 showed ambiguous soft tissue masses in one or both orbits. Pathologic examination after biopsy of the mass in 1 @entity1 confirmed the diagnosis of lymphatic @entity6436 . All the @entity1 responded extremely well to @entity479 treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, a simultaneous coexistence of @entity6436 and @entity6875 can occur. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to be aware of the potential for concomitant @entity6436 and @entity6875 .

title: Concomitant XXXX and @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity6436 :: ('MESH:D016727', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic orbital inflammatory pseudotumor', 'IOIP']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['TAO', 'thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity6436 :: (MESH:D016727,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic Orbital Inflammatory Pseudotumor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Amyloid b (Ab) peptides are identified in cause of @entity179 such as @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Previous evidence suggests Ab-induced @entity2359 is linked to the stimulation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. The accumulation of Ab-induced ROS leads to increased mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptotic cell death. This suggests antioxidant therapies may be beneficial for preventing ROS-related diseases such as @entity195 . Recently, @entity3884 -rich water (HRW) has been proven effective in treating oxidative stress-induced disorders because of its ROS-scavenging abilities. However, the precise molecular mechanisms whereby HRW prevents @entity528 are still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the putative pathways by which HRW protects against Ab-induced @entity137 . Our results indicated that HRW directly counteracts oxidative damage by neutralizing excessive ROS, leading to the alleviation of Ab-induced cell death. In addition, HRW also stimulated @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in a @entity4093 ( @entity4093 )-dependent pathway, which upregulates forkhead box protein O3a ( @entity16389 ) downstream antioxidant response and diminishes Ab-induced mitochondrial potential loss and oxidative stress. Taken together, our findings suggest that HRW may have potential therapeutic value to inhibit Ab-induced @entity2359 .

title: @entity3884 -rich water attenuates amyloid b-induced XXXX through upregulation of @entity4093 - @entity16389 by stimulation of @entity8582 -activated protein kinase in SK-N-MC cells.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['cytotoxicity']


abstract: A recent study from a private endodontic practice compared "prophylactic" antibiotic (high-dose, 1-day) regimens of @entity11121 and @entity2929 (base or @entity9525 ) for @entity1 who had asymptomatic teeth with @entity39 and associated periapical radiolucent lesions (PN/PL). A 2.2% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for @entity114 (0.0%), base (2.9%), and @entity9525 (3.8%). No @entity56 responses occurred, and gastrointestinal side effects were found primarily with the erythromycins (12.4%). To ascertain whether or not similar results would occur with student operators in a dental school clinic population, the current study was undertaken. One-hundred ninety-five @entity1 with quiescent PN/PL were randomly given either @entity11121 or @entity2929 (base or @entity9525 ). A 2.6% flare-up incidence was found, with no statistically significant differences for @entity114 (3.1%), base (1.5%), and @entity9525 (3.1%). No @entity56 responses occurred, and GI side effects were found primarily with the @entity70957 (17.7%). As can be seen, the results were very similar to those of the recent endodontic practice study. Hence, it can be concluded that the results of the previous endodontic practice study were not unique to any one clinician or method. A comparison was also made between the "prophylactic" @entity114 group of the current study and the placebo control group of our previous dental school clinic, student operator study (in which the methods, population, and regimen were almost identical to those of the current study). The results showed that the "prophylactic" @entity114 group had significant fewer flare-ups and non-flare-up-associated swelling and @entity158 than did the placebo group. In view of these findings and those from studies from the literature in which "prophylactic" antibiotics were not used, it is our opinion that the antibiotic regimens used in the current study should be a component of clinical endodontic therapy for quiescent PN/PL.

title: A prospective randomized trial on efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in asymptomatic teeth with XXXX and associated periapical pathosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity70957 :: ('CHEBI:23953', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycins']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['pulpal necrosis']

entities_list: @entity9525 :: ('CHEBI:25629', 'Chemical') :: ['stearate']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin V']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['pulpal necrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Using quantitative T2* 7-tesla (7T) MRI as a marker of @entity17 and @entity68 loss, we investigated, in @entity1 with @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and secondary progressive @entity15 (SPMS), spatial and tissue intrinsic characteristics of @entity75 (s) (CL) types, and structural integrity of perilesional normal-appearing cortical gray matter (NACGM) as a function of distance from lesions. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity15 (18 @entity3780 , 11 SPMS), showing at least 2 CL, underwent 7T T2* imaging to obtain (1) magnitude images for segmenting focal @entity75 (s) (ICL) and @entity75 (s) (LCL), and (2) cortical T2* maps. Anatomical scans were collected at 3T for cortical surface reconstruction using FreeSurfer. Seventeen age-matched healthy @entity1 served as controls. RESULTS: ICL were predominantly located in sulci of frontal, parietal, and cingulate cortex; LCL distribution was more random. In @entity15 , T2* was higher in both ICL and LCL, indicating myelin and @entity68 loss, than in NACGM (p < 0.00003) irrespective of CL subtype and @entity15 phenotype. T2* was increased in perilesional cortex, tapering away from CL toward NACGM, the wider changes being for LCL in SPMS. NACGM T2* was higher in SPMS relative to @entity3780 (p = 0.006) and healthy cortex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: CL had the same degree of @entity17 and @entity68 loss regardless of lesion subtype and disease stage. @entity16 expanded beyond visible CL, close to lesions in @entity3780 , and more diffusely in SPMS. Evaluation of NACGM integrity, beyond focal CL, could represent a surrogate marker of @entity15 progression.

title: Beyond focal XXXX in @entity15 : An in vivo quantitative and spatial imaging study at 7T.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelination']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['leukocortical lesion', 'cortical lesion', 'intracortical lesion']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Cortical damage']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['cortical lesions']


abstract: We have recently reported that @entity19 deficient in the myeloid @entity19640 -family @entity669 kinases @entity26507 , @entity72495 , and @entity16564 ( @entity19640 triple knockout [TKO]) had augmented innate lung clearance of @entity19141 murina that correlated with a higher ability of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from these @entity19 to kill P. murina. In this article, we show that despite possessing enhanced killing, AMs from naive @entity19640 TKO @entity19 did not demonstrate enhanced inflammatory responses to P. murina. We subsequently discovered that both AMs and lungs from P. murina-infected @entity19640 TKO @entity19 expressed significantly greater levels of the M2a markers RELM-a and @entity23233 , and the M2a-associated chemokines @entity15064 and @entity13128 than did wild-type @entity19 . @entity58 and @entity1312 , the primary cytokines that promote M2a polarization, were not differentially produced in the lungs between wild-type and @entity19640 TKO @entity19 . P. @entity281 in @entity19640 TKO @entity19 resulted in enhanced lung production of the novel @entity5003 family cytokine @entity26051 . Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity26051 in lung tissue revealed localization predominantly in the nucleus of alveolar epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that experimental polarization of naive AMs to M2a resulted in more efficient killing of P. murina compared with untreated AMs, which was further enhanced by the addition of @entity26051 . Administration of @entity26051 to C57BL/6 @entity19 increased lung RELM-a and @entity15064 levels, and enhanced clearance of P. murina, despite having no effect on the cellular composition of the lungs. Collectively, these results indicate that M2a AMs are potent effector cells against P. murina. Furthermore, enhancing M2a polarization may be an adjunctive therapy for the treatment of @entity19141 .

title: @entity26051 and M2a alveolar macrophages promote lung defense against the atypical fungal pathogen XXXX murina.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['murina infection']

entities_list: @entity19141 :: ('MESH:D016720', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumocystis']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity19141 :: (MESH:D016720,Disease) :: ['Pneumocystis']


abstract: A retrospective study was conducted in 85 @entity1 with clinically certain von @entity1264 seen between 1972 and 1982. A similar study was conducted in 105 @entity1 without @entity4786 observed during the same period who underwent excision of a cutaneous @entity3292 or @entity808 . Thirty-nine of the @entity1 with @entity4786 never had surgical treatment for a nervous @entity1489 ; 46 had one or several @entity5 excised for diagnostic purposes or for cosmetic reasons. More than 300 @entity5 had been removed in these 46 @entity1 . The post-operative follow-up period is now at least 2 years for all @entity1 , 5 years for 85 p. 100 of them and more than 10 years for one-third. Only one case of @entity1489 was observed in a @entity1 who never had surgical treatment; it was a @entity6011 which resulted in @entity204 within two years. Two other deaths related to @entity4786 were recorded: one after surgical treatment of a duodenal @entity808 , the other due to @entity295 after @entity1066 on a @entity15037 . Three other deaths unrelated to @entity4786 occurred. Local relapses without suspicion of @entity5 were observed in 8 of the 46 surgical @entity1 ; 3 cases concerned large plexiform @entity3292 of the face; excision was histologically incomplete in most cases with or without relapse. No case of @entity5 was recorded in the follow-up of the 105 @entity1 without @entity4786 but with nervous @entity1489 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Incidence of the degeneration of cutaneous nerve tumors in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumour', 'skin tumours', 'malignant nervous skin tumour']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['infection of ulcers']

entities_list: @entity3292 :: ('MESH:D009455', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromas', 'neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity15037 :: ('MESH:D018318', 'Disease') :: ['giant plexiform neurofibroma']

entities_list: @entity1264 :: ('MESH:D009456', 'Disease') :: ["Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis"]

entities_list: @entity6011 :: ('MESH:D018319', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1264 :: (MESH:D009456,Disease) :: ['Recklinghausen's disease']


abstract: AIMS: This study is to investigate the effect of amyloid b1-42 oligomers on insulin signaling in astrocytes. METHODS: Synthetic Ab1-42 oligomers were prepared and the oligomeric form of Ab1-42 was verified by an electron microscope. Normal @entity1 astrocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium. Western blotting was employed to measure the amount of lysate proteins. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect the distribution of phosphorylated @entity10175 and expression of P- @entity9459 in astrocytes under confocal microscopy and fluorescent microscopy, respectively. Periodic Acid-Schiff staining was used to detect glycogen, the content of which was measured using glycogen assay. RESULTS: Our data showed that Ab1-42 oligomers inhibited insulin-induced serine phosphorylation of Akt at 473 and @entity9459 at serine 9, as well as glycogen storage. However, the levels of phosphorylated @entity9459 at tyrosine 216 were significantly increased in the presence of Ab1-42 oligomers. In addition, the levels of phosphorylated @entity1366 and @entity10175 at serine 636/639 were significantly increased in response to treatment with Ab1-42 oligomers. Of note, the responses and inhibitory effects of Ab1-42 oligomers on insulin signaling were partially reversed by @entity1366 upstream inhibitor @entity4286 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that Ab1-42 oligomers impaired insulin signaling and suppressed insulin-induced glycogen storage in @entity1 astrocytes, probably due to @entity1366 -dependent serine phosphorylation of @entity10175 at 636/639 induced by Ab1-42 oligomers.

title: Amyloid b oligomer-induced @entity1366 -dependent serine 636/639 phosphorylation of XXXX impairs insulin signaling and glycogen storage in @entity1 astrocytes.

entities_list: @entity10175 :: ('3667', 'Gene') :: ['insulin receptor substrate-1']

answer: @entity10175 :: (3667,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor substrate-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop a free-breathing variable @entity1182 angle (VFA) balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) cardiac cine imaging technique with reduced specific absorption rate (SAR) at 3 Tesla. METHODS: Free-breathing VFA (FB-VFA) images in the @entity851 and four-chamber views were acquired using an optimal VFA scheme, then compared with conventional breath-hold constant @entity1182 angle (BH- @entity3795 ) acquisitions. Two cardiac MRI experts used a 5-point scale to score images from healthy subjects (N = 10). The left ventricular ejection fraction, end diastolic volume (LVEDV), end systolic volume, @entity64 volume (LVSV), and end diastolic myocardial mass (LVEDM) were determined by manual contour analysis for BH- @entity3795 and FB-VFA. A pilot evaluation of FB-VFA was performed in one @entity1 with @entity1555 . RESULTS: FB-VFA SAR was 25% lower than BH- @entity3795 with similar blood-myocardium contrast. The qualitative FB-VFA score was lower than the BH- @entity3795 for the @entity851 (3.1    0.5 versus 4.3    0.8; P < 0.05) and the four-chamber view (3.4    0.4 versus 4.6    0.6; P < 0.05). The LVEDV and the LVSV were 5% and 12% larger (P < 0.05) for FB-VFA compared with BH- @entity3795 . There was no difference in LVEDM. CONCLUSION: FB-VFA bSSFP cardiac cine imaging decreased the SAR at 3T with image quality sufficient to perform cardiac functional analysis. Magn Reson Med, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Free-breathing variable XXXX angle balanced SSFP cardiac cine imaging with reduced SAR at 3T.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-axis']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']

answer: @entity1182 :: (8837,Gene) :: ['flip']


abstract: A key limiting factor impacting the success of cell transplantation for @entity191 is the survival of the grafted cells, which are often short lived. The focus of this study was to examine a novel strategy to optimize the survival of exogenous fetal ventromesencephalic (VM) grafts by treatment with the @entity10740 inhibitor, @entity12559 -a (PFT-a), to improve the biological outcome of @entity191 animals. Adult male @entity35 were given @entity2955 into the left medial forebrain bundle to induce a hemiparkinsonian state. At 7 weeks after lesioning, animals were grafted with fetal VM or cortical tissue into the lesioned striatum and, thereafter, received daily PFT-a or vehicle injections for 5 days. @entity3826 -induced @entity717 was examined at 2, 6, 9, and 12 weeks after grafting. Analysis of TUNEL or @entity669 hydroxylase (TH) immunostaining was undertaken at 5 days or 4 months after grafting. The transplantation of fetal VM tissue into the lesioned striatum reduced @entity717 . A further reduction in rotation was apparent in animals receiving PFT-a and VM transplants. By contrast, no significant reduction in rotation was evident in animals receiving cortical grafts or cortical grafts + PFT-a. PFT-a treatment reduced TUNEL labeling and increased TH(+) cell and fiber density in the VM transplants. In conclusion, our data indicate that early postgrafting treatment with PFT-a enhances the survival of @entity935 cell transplants and augments behavioral recovery in @entity191 animals.

title: Enhanced survival of dopaminergic neuronal transplants in hemiparkinsonian XXXX by the @entity10740 inactivator PFT-a.

entities_list: @entity12559 :: ('MESH:C121565', 'Chemical') :: ['pifithrin']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['rotational behavior']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in @entity1 with @entity8 and to determine the factors that may influence the stone-free rate in such @entity1 . METHODS: From February 1989 to February 2000, 198 @entity1 were treated for @entity8 using ESWL. The mean @entity1 age (SD) was 40.48 (11.53) years. The kidneys were horseshoe in 49 (24.7%), malrotated in 120 (60.6%), and duplex in 29 (14.7%). All @entity1 were treated on an outpatient basis using two second-generation lithotripters (Dornier MFL 5000 and Toshiba Echolith). Pretreatment auxiliary measures were required in 6 @entity1 (3%). Follow-up data were recorded at 3 months. The statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests, with differences considered statistically significant if P <0.05. RESULTS: The mean stone length (SD) was 13.54 (5.49) mm. The stones were single in 148 (74.7%), of new onset in 155 (78.3%), and on the right side in 82 (41.4%). All stones, but 5 (2.5%), were radiopaque. The overall stone-free rate was 72.2%. Neither the type of @entity8 nor the type of lithotripter had any impact on the stone-free rate (P >0.05). Stone burden (length and number) had a significant influence on the stone-free rate (P <0.05). No extraordinary complications were recorded. Steinstrasse developed in 7 @entity1 (3.5%). No deterioration of renal function or configuration was detected. CONCLUSIONS: ESWL is safe and reliable for treatment of @entity8 . It should be the primary therapy when the stones are less than 20 mm. The ESWL outcome is comparable for normal and @entity8 when the calculus size is considered.

title: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in XXXX : 11-year experience with two second-generation lithotripters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis in anomalous kidneys', 'anomalous kidneys', 'renal anomaly']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['anomalous kidneys']


abstract: beta-Very low density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL) may be a major atherogenic lipoprotein, and knowledge of the sites of its catabolism should facilitate elucidation of mechanisms important in the regulation of its plasma concentrations. In this study, catabolic sites of beta-VLDL have been delineated in normolipidemic @entity95 with a novel, radioiodinated, residualizing label, 125I- @entity72245 (125I-DLT). Comparative studies of beta-VLDL and low density lipoprotein catabolism were performed with 125I-DLT conjugated to each lipoprotein and with lipoproteins @entity1496 -labeled conventionally. Conjugation did not alter size distributions or charge characteristics of lipoprotein particles. The overall processing (binding and degradation) of lipoproteins by cultured @entity95 skin fibroblasts was not influenced by 125I-DLT derivatization, suggesting that attachment of the label did not influence cell receptor-lipoprotein interactions. Furthermore, although degradation products of 125I-lipoproteins leaked out of the cells and into the medium, the degradation products of 125I-DLT lipoproteins were retained by the cells. The principal catabolic site of beta-VLDL in normolipidemic @entity95 was found to be the liver with 54 +/- 4% of injected 125I retained in this organ 24 h after injection of 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL. When catabolism was normalized to tissue weight, the liver and adrenals were found to be approximately equally active in the metabolism of beta-VLDL. In agreement with results of other studies with residualizing labels, the principal organ of catabolism of 125I-DLT-LDL in vivo was the liver. The adrenals were the most highly catabolizing organ when results were normalized for tissue weight. The quantitative differences observed in the tissue distributions of injected 125I-DLT-beta-VLDL and 125I-DLT-low density lipoprotein suggested that a significant proportion of beta-VLDL is removed by tissues before conversion to low density lipoprotein.

title: Loci of catabolism of beta-very low density lipoprotein in vivo delineated with a residualizing label, 125I- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

entities_list: @entity72245 :: ('MESH:C049133', 'Chemical') :: ['dilactitol tyramine']

answer: @entity72245 :: (MESH:C049133,Chemical) :: ['dilactitol tyramine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2040 is endemic in 54 countries, but has one of the lowest coverages by mass drug administration of all helminth diseases. However, with increasing drug availability through donation, the World Health Organisation has set a goal of increasing coverage to 75  % of at-risk @entity1 in endemic countries and elimination in some regions. In this paper, we assess the impact on @entity2040 of the WHO goals in terms of control and elimination. METHODS: We use an age-structured deterministic model of schistosome transmission in a @entity1 community and the effect of mass drug administration. The model is fitted to baseline data from a longitudinal re-infection study in Kenya and validated against the subsequent re-infection data. We examine the impact on host worm burden of the current treatment trend, extrapolated to meet the WHO goals, and its sensitivity to uncertainty in important parameters. We assess the feasibility of achieving elimination. RESULTS: Model results show that the current treatment trend, extrapolated to the WHO goals, is able to greatly reduce host worm burdens. If coverage is continued at the same level beyond 2020, elimination is possible for low to moderate transmission settings, where transmission intensity is defined by the basic reproduction number, R0. Low levels of adult coverage have a significant impact on worm burden  in all settings. Model validation against the re-infection survey demonstrates that the age-structured model is able to match post-treatment data well in terms of egg output, but that some details of re-infection among school @entity1 and young adults are not currently well represented. CONCLUSIONS: Our work suggests that the current WHO treatment goals should be successful in bringing about a major @entity281 in treated communities. If continued  over a 15 year period, they are likely to result in elimination, at least in areas with lower transmission.

title: What is required in terms of mass drug administration to interrupt the transmission of schistosome parasites in regions of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in schistosome infection']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis', 'Schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['endemic infection']


abstract: Exposure of @entity19 cells to 50 mM @entity4571 [an inhibitor of mono( @entity857 - @entity13338 )transferase] for 18 hr led to an increase in membrane associated @entity12820 measured either as cholera toxin substrate or by immunoblotting with a specific antiserum. Prolonged exposure of @entity19 cells to iloprost is followed by homologous loss of iloprost sensitivity, and heterologous loss of @entity1388 -dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. @entity4571 reversed the loss of @entity1388 sensitivity, but failed to restore iloprost-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. These results with @entity4571 in @entity19 cells contrasted with those from platelets, which also exhibit heterologous desensitization of @entity1388 sensitivity following prolonged exposure to iloprost. Treatment of platelets with 50 mM @entity4571 for 18 hr led to an increase of 75.0 +/- 19.4% in the amount of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate. However, there was no associated increase in the abundance of @entity12820 as determined by immunoblotting. Furthermore, in platelets there was no restoration by @entity4571 of the iloprost-dependent loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. It follows that heterologous desensitization in platelets is accompanied by inactivation of @entity12820 , which is retained within the plasma membrane in its inactive state. The @entity4571 -dependent increase in the abundance of membrane associated cholera toxin substrate and immunoreactive @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is associated with an increase of 72.0 +/- 20.3% in the levels of mRNA encoding @entity12820 . The capacity of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of membrane associated @entity12820 was reversed when the cells were cultured in the presence of 20 micrograms/mL @entity1880 . These results suggest that the ability of @entity4571 to increase the abundance of @entity12820 in @entity19 cells is mediated by de novo protein synthesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity857 -ribosyltransferase increases synthesis of XXXX in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells and reverses iloprost-dependent heterologous loss of @entity1388 -sensitive adenylate cyclase.

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity4571 :: ('MESH:D009536', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotinamide', 'nicotinamide']

answer: @entity12820 :: (14683(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Gs alpha']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationship between the horizontal @entity5 diameter and prognosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity1 ' records were analyzed retrospectively. @entity1 data, including age, gender, vertical penetration, anatomic location, differentiation of the @entity5 , @entity5 node @entity3 (TNM) stage, survival rate, and disease-free survival, were analyzed to find out if there was any correlation with horizontal @entity5 diameter. RESULTS: A total of 439 @entity14 @entity1 were enrolled. @entity1 were stratified into two groups according to the horizontal @entity5 diameter ( <=4.5 cm vs. >4.5 cm). Poorly differentiated @entity5 were significantly larger than other differentiation groups (p=0.003). The horizontal diameter increased with increase in T-stage (p<0.001). Similarly, the number of positive lymph nodes increased significantly as the size of the horizontal @entity5 diameter increased (p<0.001). The relationship between TNM staging and the horizontal diameter of @entity5 in both groups was examined, and it was found that the progression of @entity5 stage was accompanied by increased horizontal diameter (p<0.001). It was also found that the horizontal @entity5 diameter was not correlated with local recurrence (p=0.063). However, distant @entity3 was higher in @entity1 with a @entity5 larger than 4.5 cm (p=0.02). Although the disease-free survival was shorter in @entity1 with a horizontal @entity5 diameter more than 4.5 cm, the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: There is a significant relation between horizontal diameter of the @entity5 and depth of the @entity5 , lymph node involvement, overall survival, and distant @entity3 . Horizontal diameter of the @entity5 can possibly be used as a prognostic factor in @entity14 @entity1 .

title: Can horizontal diameter of XXXX help predict prognosis?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal tumor']


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 48 cases of histologically proven primary @entity344 was done. The analysis covered a 12-year period from January 1966 through December 1977. Four percent of all @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract were of this type. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.8:1. The mean age of the @entity1 was 21 years. The vagueness and variability of clinical features and nonspecific radiological findings were the main reasons for subjecting all the @entity1 in this series to laparotomy. The most common site of involvement was the ileocecal region, followed by the ileum, the jejunum, and the stomach. Most of the cases were in an advanced stage of the disease as was suggested by the finding of lump in 60% and @entity843 in 20% of the cases. Radical resection, possible in only six cases, appears to be the best treatment. The effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were disappointing. Prognostically, cases of localized and polypoidal lesions of the small bowel and @entity978 showed better survival.

title: A clinicopathological study of primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal lymphoma']


abstract: @entity28 resulting from lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) has often been attributed to ablation-induced disinhibition of insulin release. However, lesion studies have generally employed electrolyzing anodal current with stainless steel electrodes, which results not only in tissue ablation but deposits of metallic ions that can chronically irritate surrounding tissue. The present study compared the effects of irritative and nonirritative VMH lesions on plasma insulin levels and @entity28 in female @entity35 . Blood samples were obtained after a 4-h fast and 17 min after the initiation of a meal (6 ml of sweetened milk in 7 min) during a period when VMH @entity35 were food restricted to the level of sham-operated animals and again when all animals were fed ad libitum. Irritative lesions (anodal electrolytic with stainless steel electrodes) caused heavy metallic ion deposition at the lesion site, marked @entity28 , and @entity3190 both during food restriction and ad libitum feeding. @entity75 (cathodal electrolytic with @entity902 electrodes) resulted in no metallic ion deposition in seven of nine animals. These seven @entity35 , which displayed 65% of the @entity1017 of animals with @entity146 (significantly greater than sham @entity35 ), had significantly elevated insulin levels only under the postabsorptive condition during ad libitum feeding. In addition, only the animals with @entity146 displayed emotional hyperreactivity to capture and handling. It is concluded that @entity28 produced by anodal electrolytic lesions with stainless steel electrodes is a result of both a destructive component resulting in @entity7298 with @entity3190 and an irritative component (accounting for up to 40% of the @entity1017 in female @entity35 ) resulting in @entity5702 independent of @entity7298 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX of VMH: effects on plasma insulin, @entity28 , and hyperreactivity.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritative lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Nonirritative lesions']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['hyperinsulinemia', 'secondary hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity5702 :: ('MESH:D018295', 'Disease') :: ['basal hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Nonirritative lesions']


abstract: AIMS: To document the indications, results and complications associated with surgery for tophaceous @entity210 in Middlemore Hospital. METHODS: A retrospective study of the notes of all @entity1 who underwent surgery for tophaceous @entity210 at Middlemore Hospital from July 1995 to July 2001 was performed. Serum @entity1011 and @entity414 results were obtained and the use of @entity208 assessed. RESULTS: 45 @entity1 underwent surgery for gouty tophi. 89% were males and 11% females. 16% were Maori, 38% Pacific @entity1 , 42% Europeans and 4% were from other ethnic backgrounds. @entity8 (serum @entity1011 . >0.11 mmol/L) was the most common associated medical problem (38%), followed by @entity101 (27%), @entity299 and/or congestive @entity299 (20%) and @entity6 (18%). 68% of @entity1 had elevated serum urate levels (>0.42 mmol/L) and only 31% had previously been taking @entity208 . Sepsis control in infected or ulcerated tophi was the main indication for surgery (51%), followed by mechanical problems caused by foot, elbow and hand tophi (27%). The diagnosis of soft tissue masses was unclear in 18% of the @entity1 prior to surgery. 4% of @entity1 underwent tophus surgery mainly for @entity158 control. 53% of @entity1 experienced delayed wound @entity446 as a result of complications of surgery with the majority of these @entity1 (16/24, 67%) having infected or ulcerated tophi prior to surgery. Three @entity1 (7%) required digital amputations for ongoing @entity295 . 47% of @entity1 did not have any complication of surgery and had complete wound @entity446 within one week. CONCLUSIONS: Surgery for tophaceous @entity210 is associated with a relatively high rate of complication when @entity295 is the main indication. @entity1 with @entity210 in this study population had several associated medical co-morbidities, which contributed to the high complication rate. Gout control was poor as evidenced by a high rate of hyperuricaemia, and less than one third of the study population were on @entity208 . Better control of @entity210 would reduce the risk of tophi formation and the need for surgery.

title: A survey of indications, results and complications of surgery for tophaceous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease', 'heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity210 :: (MESH:D006073,Disease) :: ['gout']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese @entity1 have myocardial structural and functional alterations related to @entity2690 resistance. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of @entity6170 , an @entity2690 sensitizer agent, on cardiac morphometry and functioning. METHODS: In 2 groups of sex- and age-matched, nondiabetic, @entity28 @entity1 (5 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 , age 19-51 y; group A: body mass index [BMI] 40.6 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2); group B: BMI 42.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)), we evaluated the basal @entity2690 sensitivity index (HOMA[IS]), body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and 24-h blood pressure monitoring. Furthermore, all @entity1 underwent conventional 2-Dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography, and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). After the baseline evaluation, all @entity1 were put on a hypocaloric diet (70% basal metabolic rate) plus placebo if they were in group A, or plus @entity6170 (4 mg twice daily; Avandia [GlaxoSmithKline plc., Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom]) if they were in group B, for 6 mo. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight, total fat mass, BMI, and systolic blood pressure were registered in both groups. @entity6170 administration appeared more efficient in improving HOMA(IS) (mean difference: 0.30 +/- 0.19 versus 0.11 +/- 0.21, p < 0.05). Left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter (49.4 +/- 7.7 versus 52.3 +/- 5.4 mm, p < 0.05) and E wave (0.89 +/- 0.18 versus 0.99 +/- 0.20 m/sec, p < 0.05) increased in the @entity6170 group due to a rise in preload and water content without peripheral @entity4 . The increase in systolic (Sa) wave velocity in both groups was probably a result of the general improvement in @entity2690 metabolism and the decrease in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the positive effect of @entity6170 on @entity413 metabolism in @entity28 , nondiabetic @entity1 , but changes in @entity2690 sensitivity did not explain the cardiac effects produced by further mechanisms.

title: Evaluation of XXXX administration on cardiovascular function in severe @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6170 :: ('MESH:C089730', 'Chemical') :: ['Rosiglitazone', 'rosiglitazone']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6170 :: (MESH:C089730,Chemical) :: ['rosiglitazone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over the last decades @entity56 has become a major health problem worldwide. The only specific treatment to date is @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ). Although it was shown that @entity6542 generates allergen-tolerant T cells, detailed mechanism underlying its activity is still unclear and there is no reliable method to monitor its effectiveness. The aim of our study was to evaluate @entity6542 influence on the frequency of @entity403 ( @entity403 ) Tregs in allergic @entity1 with various clinical manifestations. The relative number of @entity403 Tregs in 32 blood samples from allergic @entity1 at baseline and/or after 1 year of @entity6542 was assessed by flow cytometry. In the entire studied group, the percentage of @entity403 Tregs did not increase 1 year after @entity6542 . Nevertheless, the percentage of @entity403 Tregs after @entity6542 significantly increased in @entity1 with @entity1576 ( @entity2024 , @entity565 , and @entity2490 ) coexisting with nonrespiratory manifestations ( @entity5419 and/or @entity483 ), whereas, in @entity1 with @entity1576 only, the percentage of @entity403 Tregs decreased. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing various differential @entity403 Tregs response to @entity6542 in allergic @entity1 . @entity403 Tregs number could be useful in treatment monitoring. Further studies are warranted to confirm these observations.

title: XXXX Tregs Response to Sublingual Allergen Specific Immunotherapy in @entity1 Depends on the Manifestation of Allergy.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['allergen specific immunotherapy', 'ASIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity5419 :: ('MESH:D005512', 'Disease') :: ['food allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergy']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

answer: @entity403 :: (50943,Gene) :: ['FoxP3']


abstract: To improve the comparative map for @entity1707 chromosome 2 and increase the gene density on this chromosome, a porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with 17 microsatellite markers and 18 genes previously assigned to @entity1707 chromosome 2. Fifty-one BAC clones located in the region of a maternally imprinted quantitative trait locus for @entity121 ( @entity121 ) were identified. From these BACs 372 kb were sample sequenced. The average read length of a subclone was 442 basepair (bp). Contig assembly analysis showed that every bp was sequenced 1.28 times. Subsequently, sequences were compared with sequences in the @entity377 databases to identify homology with other @entity1 sequences. Sequence identity was observed with sequences derived from 35 BACs. The average percentage identity with @entity1 sequences was 87.6%, with an average length of 143 bp. In total, sample sequencing of all BACs resulted in sequence identity with 29 @entity1 genes, 13 @entity1 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 17 @entity1 genomic clones, one @entity35 gene, one porcine gene and nine porcine ESTs. Eighteen genes located on @entity1 chromosome 11 and 19, and seven genes from other @entity1 locations, one @entity35 gene and one porcine gene were assigned to @entity1707 chromosome 2 for the first time. The new genes were added to the radiation hybrid map at the same position as the locus from which the BAC that was sequenced was derived. In total 57 genes were placed on the radiation hybrid map of @entity8824 -q13.

title: Improving the comparative map of XXXX -q13 by sample sequencing of BAC clones.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['backfat thickness', 'BFT']

answer: @entity8824 :: (54898,Gene) :: ['SSC2p']


abstract: Responses of isolated mucosal mast cells ( @entity1139 ) during @entity281 with either Trichostrongylus colubriformis or @entity5167 were examined by measuring the release of @entity742 mast cell protease (SMCP) in a degranulation assay. @entity1139 from @entity742 immune to T. colubriformis released maximal amounts of SMCP and @entity112 within 0.5h of incubation with larval antigen whereas maximum secretion of leukotrienes occurred 3h after addition of antigen. It was only after 8 weeks of a primary T. @entity281 , that @entity1139 released significantly elevated levels of SMCP (23%); this occurred when the worm burden was being rejected. In contrast, the SMCP release from @entity1139 of immune @entity742 was significantly higher at 40%, and occurred within 1-4 days after challenge (DAC). The SMCP release peaked at 6-8 DAC at 51%, and declined after 56 DAC to < 25%. @entity1139 isolated from the duodenum and mid-small intestine of immune @entity742 released 2-3 times higher proportion of SMCP than did cells recovered from the terminal ileum. Mast cell numbers were similar in the 3 regions but the quantity of globule leucocytes (GL) was 2.5 times higher in the duodenum. During @entity281 with @entity5167 in the abomasum, @entity1139 isolated from the small intestine released greater levels of SMCP when incubated with larval antigens than did abomasal @entity1139 . There was no increased release during the first 12 weeks of a @entity281 although the SMCP release (23%) from immune @entity1139 at 7-10 DAC was significantly enhanced. Once again the release from @entity1139 isolated from the three intestinal regions of @entity742 immune to @entity5167 was lowest in the terminal ileum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The sensitization of mucosal mast cells during @entity281 with Trichostrongylus colubriformis or XXXX in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections', 'colubriformis infection', 'primary infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity5167 :: ('6289', 'Species') :: ['H. contortus', 'Haemonchus contortus']

answer: @entity5167 :: (6289,Species) :: ['Haemonchus contortus']


abstract: A multivariate analysis dissected the impact of donor procurement variables, immunologic risk factors, and alternate @entity205 and @entity229 induction immunosuppressive regimens on the early and eventual function of 303 consecutive cadaveric renal allografts. Primarily warm, but to a slight extent cold, @entity63 time had an adverse impact on allograft function, as did the requirement for vasopressor or diuretic therapy. The occurrence of initial graft non-function adversely affected the probability of three-month graft survival, but did not alter either the longevity of organs, which subsequently recovered function, or @entity1 mortality rate. The major immunologic risk factor was a second or multiple transplant, which was associated with an increased incidence of early graft failure, and @entity8 in successful transplants. Correlations with @entity1530 and DR matching were reflected in the quality of renal function, but not in graft survival rates. @entity205 ( @entity870 ) administration by continuous intravenous infusion, in order to avert initial elevated mean three-day, serum radioimmunoassay drug levels reduced the incidence of initial graft non-function. High levels were also associated with impaired early and eventual renal function. Rapid posttransplant taper of @entity288 to 30 mg @entity229 by day six was associated with a greater incidence of rejection episodes and early graft failure than a taper that achieved 30 mg @entity229 at 60 days. Both the serum @entity1011 value and the degree of @entity101 observed at one month afforded good prognostic indices of eventual graft survival. Therefore, renal allografts in CsA-treated @entity1 were sensitive not only to adverse donor and immunologic risk factors, but also to excessive CsA drug levels in the early postoperative period. These findings suggest an induction immunosuppressive strategy utilizing slightly higher initial doses of @entity230 for CsA-sparing during the first three days, followed by increased, but judicious, administration of CsA to achieve steroid-sparing by virtue of effective rejection prophylaxis.

title: Multivariate analysis of risk factors impacting on immediate and eventual cadaver allograft survival in XXXX -treated recipients.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post endovascular @entity449 repair (EVAR) @entity1070 and the need for reintervention are challenging. Additional endovascular treatment is advised for Type Ia @entity1070 detected on post-EVAR completion angiogram. This study analyzes management and late outcome of these @entity1070 . @entity1 POPULATION AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of prospectively collected date of EVAR @entity1 during a 10-year period. All post-EVAR Type Ia @entity1070 on completion angiogram were identified (Group A) and their early (30-day) and late outcomes were compared to @entity1 without @entity1070 (Group B). A Kaplan-Meier analysis was used for survival analysis, sac expansion, late Type Ia endoleak, and reintervention. RESULTS: 71/565 (12.6%) @entity1 had immediate post-EVAR Type Ia endoleak. Early intervention (proximal aortic cuffs and/or stenting) was used in 56/71 (79%) in Group A versus 31/494 (6%) in Group B (p<0.0001). Late Type Ia endoleak was noted in nine @entity1 (13%) in Group A at a mean follow-up of 28 months versus 10 @entity1 (2%) in Group B at a mean follow-up of 32 months (p<0.0001). Late sac expansion and reintervention rates were: 9% and 10% for Group A versus 5% and 3% for Group B (p=0.2698 and p-0.0198), respectively. Freedom rates from late Type Ia @entity1070 at 1, 3, and 5 years for Group A were 88%, 85%, and 80% versus 98%, 98%, and 96% for Group B (p<0.001); and for late intervention, 94%, 92%, and 77% for Group A, and 99%, 97%, and 95% for Group B (p=0.007), respectively. Survival rates were similar. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate post-EVAR Type Ia @entity1070 are associated with higher rates of early interventions and late @entity1070 and re-intervention, which will necessitate strict post-EVAR surveillance.

title: Management of Immediate Post-Endovascular XXXX Repair Type Ia Endoleaks and Late Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['Aortic Aneurysm']


abstract: The relationship between cell swelling and plasma membrane disruption has been evaluated in thin @entity296 incubated in oxygenated or anoxic Krebs-Ringer phosphate media. Electron microscopy and measurements of inulin-diffusible space were used to monitor plasma membrane integrity. Inulin is excluded from the intracellular space of intact cells; therefore, an increase in tissue inulin content is an excellent marker of loss of plasma membrane integrity. Cell volume was increased during exposure of aerobic slices to @entity2421 media, but the inulin-diffusible space was not increased and electron micrographs showed no detectable plasma membrane alterations. Likewise, during @entity1162 , no evidence of plasma membrane damage was observed. Incubation in anoxic @entity2421 media for 60 minutes resulted in a larger increase in cell volume than under aerobic conditions, but plasma membrane integrity was maintained. @entity2421 (300 minutes) produced no further change in tissue water, but the inulin-diffusible space was increased and electron micrographs revealed breaks in the plasma membranes primarily in association with large subsarcolemmal blebs. Likewise, @entity296 incubated in isotonic anoxic media for 240 minutes and @entity2421 anoxic media for 60 minutes had an increased inulin-diffusible space and the ultrastructural appearance was similar. This ultrastructural appearance is indistinguishable from that observed in myocytes lethally injured by @entity63 . Measurements of tissue osmolarity during total @entity63 showed that osmotically induced cell swelling could occur in @entity63 prior to the onset of plasma membrane disruption. Our results indicate that cell swelling per se is incapable of rupturing plasma membranes; however, after prolonged periods of @entity7493 , the plasma membrane or its cytoskeletal scaffold become injured, which allows the membrane to rupture if the cell is swollen, as might occur during @entity63 or reperfusion.

title: Volume regulation and plasma membrane injury in aerobic, anaerobic, and XXXX in vitro. Effects of osmotic cell swelling on plasma membrane integrity.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['energy deficiency']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial slices']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['Extended anoxic hypotonic incubation', 'hypotonic']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged anoxic isotonic incubation']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic myocardium']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The authors have successfully demonstrated that the white opaque substance (WOS) identified in @entity356 is an accumulation of minute lipid droplets on the @entity2785 . It is not known whether the lipid droplets originate from externally ingested lipids (typically foods). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the oral ingestion of foods containing emulsified fats increases the density of the WOS in @entity2785 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We examined 92 gastric epithelial neoplastic lesions in 89 @entity1 . The @entity1 were given emulsified fatty foods before the procedure, and magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) was used to image the lesions. An increase in WOS density after the ingestion of emulsified fatty foods was defined as a positive fat-loading test result. The @entity1 were divided into the following groups: control group, no emulsified fat administered; group 1, fatty food administered 16 hours prior; group 3, fatty food administered both 16 and 4 hours prior. The proportion of positive fat-loading test results was determined in all groups. RESULTS: The rates of positive fat-loading test results were as follows: control group, 9%; group 1, 26%; group 2, 52%; group 3, 78%. The increase in the rates of positive fat-loading test results in groups 2 and 3 relative to the rate in the control group was statistically significant (chi-squared test). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated for the first time that the ingestion of external lipids causes lipid droplets to aggregate in situ on the @entity356 . These results can be used to develop a novel functional endoscopy technique that harnesses the lipid absorption capacity of @entity5 .

title: Lipid is absorbed in the stomach by @entity2785 (adenomas and XXXX ): a novel functional endoscopy technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric epithelial neoplasm', 'gastric epithelial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity2785 :: ('MESH:D009375', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial neoplasms', 'epithelial neoplasm']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['early cancers']


abstract: @entity131 ( @entity131 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 and disability in @entity1 and can lead to a wide range of impairments. Brain imaging methods such as DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) are uniquely sensitive to the white matter (WM) damage that is common in @entity131 . However, higher-level analyses using tractography are complicated by the damage and decreased FA (fractional anisotropy) characteristic of @entity131 , which can result in premature tract endings. We used the newly developed autoMATE (automated multi-atlas tract extraction) method to identify differences in WM integrity. 63 pediatric @entity1 aged 8-19  years with moderate/severe @entity131 were examined with cross sectional scanning at one or two time points after injury: a post-acute assessment 1-5  months @entity130 and a chronic assessment 13-19  months @entity130 . A battery of cognitive function tests was performed in the same time periods. 56 @entity1 were examined in the first phase, 28 @entity131 @entity1 and 28 healthy controls. In the second phase 34 @entity1 were studied, 17 @entity131 @entity1 and 17 controls (27 @entity1 completed both post-acute and chronic phases). We did not find any significant group differences in the post-acute phase. Chronically, we found extensive group differences, mainly for mean and radial diffusivity ( @entity601 and RD). In the chronic phase, we found higher @entity601 and RD across a wide range of WM. Additionally, we found correlations between these WM integrity measures and @entity73 . This suggests a distributed pattern of WM disruption that continues over the first year following a @entity131 in @entity1 .

title: White matter disruption in moderate/severe pediatric XXXX : advanced tract-based analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['post-injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['traumatic brain injury']


abstract: A multiple-dose administration study of @entity17082 (0.5-50 mg/day after breakfast for 7 days) was conducted in 32 normal healthy postmenopausal Japanese @entity1 using a single-blind, 3-step dose-titration method in order to investigate the safety, effect on serum concentration, amount of urinary @entity172 excretion, and pharmacokinetics of the drug. Subjective/objective symptoms, in which a causal relationship with @entity17082 administration could not be excluded, were as follows: @entity10 (8 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups, 2 in the 10 mg group and 4 in the 50 mg group), dizziness (2 cases: 1 each in the 0.5 and 25 mg groups), and fever (1 in the 25 mg group), all of which were mild and disappeared without treatment. The only abnormal laboratory findings were a mild increase in levels of GOT and @entity6283 in 1 case and in the number of basophils in another case. There were no notable abnormal findings in vital signs, body weight or EKG. A dose-dependent decrease in serum @entity172 level was observed between doses of 0.5 mg and 25 mg. The decrease was maximal at 25 mg, at which serum @entity172 concentrations decreased to 14-27% of those observed at day 0. This decrease was maintained for one week, returning to baseline levels 2 weeks after the completion of drug administration. A similar result was also observed in the suppression of 24-hour urinary @entity172 excretion. @entity17082 was absorbed immediately after initial administration, reaching Cmax 0.9-2.6 hours post-administration. This was followed by a rapid decrease over the next 4-8 hours followed by a gradual decrease Cmax reached normal steady state values on day 5. Cmax and AUC0-24 values taken between administration of the first and final doses increased proportionally in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that @entity17082 has a linear pharmacokinetic profile. Furthermore, results of the comparison of the trough concentrations of the initial dose with those of the final dose suggested no accumulative effects of the study drug.

title: [Phase I multiple-dose administration study of @entity17082 in postmenopausal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity17082 :: ('MESH:C056516', 'Chemical') :: ['Exemestane', 'exemestane']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity5893 + B lymphocytes and TCR gamma-delta T lymphocytes, phenotypes implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity792 , were isolated from the vitreous in a case of @entity697 . These cells were obtained using a method which allows the selective maintainance in vitro of in vivo activated T lymphocytes. Dual colour flow cytometry showed that after 3 days culture in @entity1199 containing medium 61% of cells were @entity5893 / @entity1075 + ve and 41% CD3/TCR gamma delta + ve. Of the total CD3 + ve population, 15% were gamma/delta negative. These cells formed a population which also responded in a proliferation assay to retinal antigens. Histologically the eye showed a marked mononuclear cell infiltration of the retina, ciliary body and choroid. @entity75 within the choroid contained lymphocytes, plasma cells and multinucleate giant cells. Immunocytochemistry showed lymphocyte populations to be predominantly @entity3138 + ve CD3 + ve T lymphocytes of the @entity404 sub-set. Distribution of monocytes/macrophages throughout the lesions and restriction of B-lymphocytes to granulomata were all consistent with a DTH type reaction. Despite immunosuppressive therapy, the expression of activation antigens HLA-DR and @entity2071 on infiltrating and resident ocular tissue cells was high, although @entity3647 ( @entity2902 ) expression was virtually absent. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood cells prior to treatment with @entity205 showed systemic activation of lymphocytes, with high levels of HLA-DR and @entity2902 expression and a raised @entity404 / @entity405 ratio.

title: Retinal antigen specific lymphocytes, TCR-gamma delta T cells and XXXX + B cells cultured from the vitreous in @entity697 .

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute sympathetic ophthalmitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Granulomatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin-A']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity5893 :: (921,Gene) :: ['CD5']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aims. To report the results of lateral rectus muscle recession, medial rectus muscle resection, and superior oblique muscle transposition in the restoration and maintenance of ocular alignment in primary position for @entity1 with @entity2895 . Methods. The medical records of @entity1 who underwent surgery between March 2007 and September 2011 for @entity2895 were reviewed. All @entity1 underwent a preoperative assessment, including a detailed ophthalmologic examination. Results. A total of 6 @entity1 (age range, 14-45 years) were included. The median preoperative horizontal deviation was 67.5 Prism Diopter (PD) (interquartile range [IQR] 57.5-70) and vertical deviation was 13.5 PD (IQR 10-20). The median postoperative horizontal residual exodeviation was 8.0 PD (IQR 1-16), and the vertical deviation was 0 PD (IQR 0-4). The median correction of hypotropia following superior oblique transposition was 13.5    2.9 PD (range, 10-16). All cases were vertically aligned within 5   PD. Four of the six cases were aligned within 10   PD of the horizontal deviation. Adduction and head posture were improved in all @entity1 . All @entity1 gained new area of binocular single vision in the primary position after the operation. Conclusion. Lateral rectus recession, medial rectus resection, and superior oblique transposition may be used to achieve satisfactory cosmetic and functional results in @entity2895 .

title: Superior Oblique Anterior Transposition with Horizontal Recti Recession-Resection for Total XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2895 :: ('MESH:D015840', 'Disease') :: ['total third-nerve palsy']

answer: @entity2895 :: (MESH:D015840,Disease) :: ['Third-Nerve Palsy']


abstract: @entity24429 is a rare, benign, @entity5 , characterized histologically by tufts of capillary-sized vessels in the dermis. Five @entity1 were diagnosed over a 10-year period. All developed the lesions within the first year of life. Four were Chinese and one was Indian. There was no sex predilection. All the lesions occurred on the limbs, mainly proximally, with 40% affecting the upper and 60% the lower limbs. The appearance ranged from erythematous, indurated, annular nodules to plaques. In two @entity1 the lesions had overlying red papules, and @entity12737 was present in three cases. The lesions were tender in all @entity1 . No complications such as @entity1066 , @entity548 , or @entity16970 occurred. All were treated conservatively, with improvement in tenderness in three of four @entity1 after a period of 5 months to 4 years. Decrease in size occurred in one of four @entity1 after 2 years. Our series differs from previous ones in that all the @entity1 developed the lesions before the age of 1 year, all lesions occurred on the limbs, and all were tender. Tenderness and @entity12737 , in addition to induration, may be useful in the clinical differentiation from common @entity2695 .

title: XXXX : a report of five cases.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['vascular tumor']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity16970 :: ('MESH:D059885', 'Disease') :: ['Kasabach-Merritt syndrome']

entities_list: @entity24429 :: ('MESH:C536924', 'Disease') :: ['Tufted angioma']

answer: @entity24429 :: (MESH:C536924,Disease) :: ['Tufted angioma']


abstract: @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase is a flavoprotein which contains both an FAD and @entity21890 cofactor. Since the distribution of electrons is governed solely by the redox potentials of the cofactors, there are nine different ways the electrons can be distributed and hence nine possible unique forms of the protein. More than one species of reductase will exist at a given level of oxidation except when the protein is either totally reduced or oxidized. In an attempt to unambiguously characterize the redox properties of the physiologically relevant FMNH(2) form of the reductase, the @entity72565 mutant of @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase has been reconstituted with 5'-deazaFAD which binds to the FAD-binding site of the reductase with a K(d) of 94 nM. The 5'-deazaFAD cofactor does not undergo oxidation or reduction under our experimental conditions. The molar ratio of @entity21890 to 5'-deazaFAD in the reconstituted reductase was 1.1. Residual FAD accounted for less than 5% of the total @entity28094 . Addition of 2 electron equivalents to the 5'-deazaFAD @entity72565 reductase from dithionite generated a stoichiometric amount of the @entity21890 @entity8156 form of the protein. The 5'-deazaFAD moiety remained oxidized under these conditions due to its low redox potential (-650 mV). The 2-electron-reduced 5'-deazaFAD reductase was capable of transferring only a single electron from its @entity21890 domain to its redox partners, ferric @entity4674 and @entity13508 (5). Reduction of the cytochromes and oxidation of the reductase occurred simultaneously. The FMNH(2) in the 5'-deazaFAD reductase autoxidizes with a first-order rate constant of 0.007 s(-)(1). Availability of a stable @entity1110 -cytochrome P450 reductase capable of donating only a single electron to its redox partners provides a unique tool for investigating the electron-transfer properties of an intact reductase molecule.

title: Preparation and characterization of a 5'-deazaFAD @entity72565 XXXX -cytochrome P450 reductase.

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

answer: @entity1110 :: (MESH:D009249,Chemical) :: ['NADPH']


abstract: Immunofluorescent studies using @entity2822 -conjugated mouse anti-allotype antibody were carried out to study the migration pattern and the development of surface Ig (SIg), @entity6433 for IgG ( @entity37874 ), and complement receptor (CR) or @entity19 bone marrow lymphocytes following intravenous injection into congenic @entity19 . After transfer of bone marrow cells from CSW @entity19 into untreated congenic CWB @entity19 , the absolute number of donor-type SIg-bearing (SIg+) cells and the proportion of either @entity37874 - or CR-bearing ( @entity37874 + or CR+) cells in donor-type SIg+ cells were evaluated in the recipient spleen and the results were compared with those obtained after the transfer of CSW spleen cells. After injection of donor bone marrow cells, detectable donor-type SIg+ cells, although few initially, increased from day 1 to Day 2 and reached a plateau thereafter. The proportion of @entity37874 + cells in donor-type SIg+ cells, although very low in the donor marrow inoculum, increased progressively after 1 day to reach a maximum at Day 5 (90%). On the other hand, following the transfer of spleen cells, the proportion of @entity37874 + cells remained at high levels (90%) for 5 days after transfer. Likewise, the proportion of CR+ cells in donor-type SIg+ cells was very low (less than 1%) in the original donor bone marrow cells but high (60%) in the donor spleen cells. However, in transferring bone marrow cells this proportion also increased in the recipient spleen to reach a maximum (49%) at Day 5 although it was lower compared to the percentage of @entity37874 + cells in donor SIg+ cells. Furthermore, the ability of functional responsiveness to antigen was also examined in the same system by detecting plaque-forming cells (PFC) from donor origin. In transferring donor bone marrow cells into recipient, the participation of donor cells in the PFC response was very low when the recipients were primed with @entity742 red blood cells at Day 3 after transfer. However, when the recipients were primed at Days 7 to 21 after transfer, increasing numbers of the donor marrow-derived cells were involved in the PFC response. Thus, the present study demonstrates that the bone marrow-derived lymphocytes, albeit lacking both distinctive surface receptors (IgM, @entity37874 , CR) and the functional responsiveness to antigen, continue their development along the B-cell lineage after migrating into the spleen, as evidenced by the surface receptor expression and participation in the antibody response.

title: Migration and differentiation of bone marrow lymphocytes: development of surface immunoglobulin, XXXX , complement receptor, and functional responsiveness as studied with anti-allotype serum.

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity6433 :: (109615(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Fc receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aims. Oncocytic (Hurthle) follicular cell @entity5 (OTs) of the thyroid are both @entity2513 (OCs). The routine diagnosis of these @entity5 can be problematic even after an accurate sampling and histological examination. Beside preoperative evaluation due to the @entity5 's dimension several studies have been performed to find markers able to distinguish malignant from @entity5 in the thyroid, with Galectin-3 being one of the most effective. Recently, some authors suggested @entity18923 as adjunct to the diagnosis of the oncocytic lesions of the thyroid. Methods and Results. In this paper we assess the role of Galectin-3 and @entity18923 in a well-selected group of follicular oncocytic @entity5 (14   OCs and 26   @entity29624 ). The diameter of each lesion was also evaluated. The combination of Galectin-3 and @entity18923 has a good specificity (81%) and sensitivity (100%). Moreover, the maximum diameter (in cm) of OCs is greater than @entity29624 (4.1 versus 2.3). Conclusions. We believe that the use of Galectin-3 and @entity18923 in OTs of the thyroid can be a helpful panel in daily practice when histology is doubtful.

title: Galectin-3 and XXXX Immunohistochemistry and Tumor Dimensions Are Useful in Distinguishing Follicular Oncocytic Carcinomas from Oncocytic Adenomas of the Thyroid.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign follicular tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas (OAs) and follicular carcinomas']

answer: @entity18923 :: (896,Gene) :: ['Cyclin D3']


abstract: @entity8933 ( @entity8934 ) was used for 33 @entity1 with @entity1729 ; 22 @entity1 with @entity55 , 3 @entity1 with @entity1997 , 4 @entity1 with @entity11592 and 4 @entity1 with acute exacerbation of bronchiectasia. Clinical effects of CZX were evaluated in 33 @entity1 ; excellent in 16 and good in 14 @entity1 . The efficacy rate was 91%. Bacteriological effects of CZX were prominent in 7 @entity1 infected with @entity2260 , @entity327 , @entity3274 and Citrobacter, but not in a @entity1 infected with @entity796 . The elimination rate was 92% (12/13). As the side effects, exanthema in 1 @entity1 and @entity344 ( @entity390 and @entity391 ) in 1 @entity1 were observed. However, they improved without any treatment by cessation of CZX use. Abnormal laboratory findings were observed in 2 @entity1 with elevated GOT and/or @entity6283 . They normalized after cessation of drug. The usefulness of CZX was 82% (27/33). Therefore, CZX is a very useful drug and its effects are promising in clinical management of @entity1729 .

title: [Evaluation of @entity8933 in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1997 :: ('MESH:D008169', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary abscess']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['H. influenzae']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity3274 :: ('573', 'Species') :: ['K. pneumoniae']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity11592 :: ('MESH:C536174', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse panbronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity8933 :: ('MESH:D015296', 'Chemical') :: ['Ceftizoxime']

answer: @entity1729 :: (MESH:D012141,Disease) :: ['respiratory tract infections']


abstract: Fifty-eight @entity1 underwent @entity394 via the posterior fossa approach between September 1992 and December 1998 at the ENT department of Legnano. All @entity1 presented a history of disabling unilateral Meni  re's disease and underwent complete neuro-otologic evaluation following the 1985 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) guidelines. All @entity1 underwent MRI imaging, ABR and electronystagmographic testing before surgery. Objective analysis of results is reported using the criteria published by the Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium of the AAO-HNS in 1985. According to the AAO formula, 52 @entity1 obtained a score of 0, indicating complete control of major vertigo spells, while four were classified within the 'substantial control' group. Immediate hearing results indicated that 93 per cent of the @entity1 maintained a level within 10 dB from the pre-operative level. Only one @entity1 experienced a @entity393 yet retained measurable hearing. No major complications were reported. We conclude that a retrosigmoid approach to @entity394 can be considered a safe and effective procedure in relieving medically refractory vertigo in Meni  re's disease while preserving the hearing. Tinnitus and long-term hearing deterioration are not influenced by the procedure.

title: Posterior fossa XXXX as primary surgical treatment of Meni  re's disease: a re-evaluation.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['subtotal hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity394 :: ('MESH:D015837', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular neurotomy']

answer: @entity394 :: (MESH:D015837,Disease) :: ['vestibular neurotomy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The plasminogen activator-plasmin cascade plays a central role in the progression of @entity5 . The type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity2289 ) is the major physiological regulator of plasminogen activation. @entity2289 is suggested to play a crucial role in @entity5 cell invasion and @entity3 of various @entity5 . The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and prognostic roles of @entity2289 in @entity43 (OC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression analysis was conducted by immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Tissue sections of @entity982 -embedded @entity5 specimens and fresh-frozen @entity5 samples from @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity43 ( @entity43 ), who had undergone surgical intervention in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Charit  , Germany, from 02/01 to 06/02, were used. Correlation analysis with conventional clinical factors, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using SPSS (SPSS Inc., V.11.0). RESULTS: Sixty-five @entity1 (31 primary OC, 20 recurrent OC, 4 low-malignant potential @entity43 , 6 benign @entity43 , 4 normal ovary) were allocated to this trial. The median age was 57 years (range, 34-86) and the median follow-up was 20 months (range, 0-64). The distributions of (FIGO) @entity5 stage of all primary OC were: I = 16.1%, II = 3.2%, III = 45.2% and IV = 35.5%. @entity2289 was significantly overexpressed in the @entity5 epithelium of OC in comparison to the ovarian epithelium of benign @entity43 and normal ovary (p < 0.001). The median @entity2289 level was 1.92-fold higher in malignant @entity43 than in benign @entity43 . Statistical analyses showed no significant correlation between the expression of @entity2289 and clinical parameters. The expression of @entity2289 and the @entity2289 level, according to 3 different cut-off values, showed no prognostic impact in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only @entity5 stage (FIGO) (p = 0.003) and @entity41 (p = 0.009) remained independent prognostic factors for post-operative survival. CONCLUSION: @entity2289 is significantly overexpressed in OC.

title: Overexpression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'OT', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'solid tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Ventricular Assist Device for the Treatment of Advanced @entity712 (ADVANCE) Bridge to Transplant (BTT) trial was a multicenter, prospective trial of the HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD). The performance of the HVAD in various demographic sub-groups was evaluated. METHODS: Baseline characteristics, adverse events, and survival were compared for @entity1 vs @entity1 and whites vs non-whites in the combined ADVANCE BTT and continued access protocol trial. Of 332 @entity1 enrolled in these trials, 236 were @entity1 and 96 @entity1 , with 228 whites and 104 non-whites. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity1 had a smaller body surface area (1.8    0.2 vs 2.1    0.3 m(2), p < 0.0001), less @entity101 (50.0% vs 61.9%, p = 0.05), and less @entity296 (15.6% vs 45.3%, p < 0.0001). Differences in Kaplan-Meier survival were not significant at 180 days ( @entity1 , 91.8%; @entity1 , 91.7%) and 1 year ( @entity1 , 85.3%; @entity1 , 85.1%) despite adjustment for baseline differences. @entity1 had a lower incidence of early right @entity712 and @entity177 , and a shorter length of stay. In the analysis by race, non-whites were younger than whites and had less @entity712 , more @entity101 , and lower @entity1011 levels at baseline. Non-whites had lower rates of @entity943 , @entity548 requiring rehospitalization, and device malfunctions than whites. Survival was high in non-whites and whites, at 94.1% vs 90.4% at 180 days and 89.2% vs 82.8% at 1 year, respectively, despite adjustment for baseline differences. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity712 etiology differed between @entity1 and @entity1 and between whites and non-whites, sex and race were not factors that affected survival in @entity1 receiving the HVAD as BTT, which was high in all sub-groups.

title: An examination of survival by sex and race in the HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device for the Treatment of Advanced XXXX (ADVANCE) Bridge to Transplant (BTT) and continued access protocol trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart failure', 'Heart Failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal and respiratory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']