abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1073 ( @entity1073 ) is a @entity1892 with a variable and generally aggressive clinical course. So far our knowledge of skin involvement of @entity1073 is limited. To understand the clinical and histopathologic features of @entity1073 with skin involvement, the files of the Lymph Node Registry Kiel were screened for @entity1073 diagnosed in the skin. Over a period of 13 years, 1321 biopsy specimens were diagnosed as @entity1073 ; among them, 14 @entity1 (1%) showed skin involvement. Of these, skin was the initial site of manifestation in 6/11 (55%) cases. One @entity1 presented with a skin-limited @entity706 . Furthermore, 7/12 (58%) @entity1 presented with lesions on the leg. The @entity706 were highly proliferative with blastoid cytology in 12/14 (86%) cases. Moreover, the immunophenotype with expression of @entity588 (100%), @entity14546 / @entity20630 (83%), and IgM (82%) and lack of @entity2282 (25%) and @entity4042 (0%) closely resembled the features of primary cutaneous diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 . Solely the expression of @entity4910 (100%) and the presence of t(11;14) (100%) allowed a distinction from cases of primary cutaneous diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 . Only 2 @entity1073 cases with skin involvement presented with classical cytology. Interestingly, in these 2 cases skin involvement occurred simultaneously in a lesion of coexisting primary @entity1074 . Our data suggest that clinical presentation on the leg and blastoid cytology along with high proliferation and expression of @entity588 , @entity14546 / @entity20630 , and IgM are typical for @entity1073 involving the skin. Lymphomas with these features might be erroneously diagnosed as diffuse large @entity1892 , @entity13197 , if @entity4910 staining is not performed.

title: Skin Involvement of Mantle Cell Lymphoma May Mimic Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large XXXX , @entity13197 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas', 'lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell neoplasm', 'B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['Mantle cell lymphoma', 'MCL']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell Lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prevalence of @entity1561 is increased in @entity1 with @entity1569 . However, it is not known how @entity1575 correlates with @entity1569 . This study investigated the association between @entity1569 and @entity1575 compared with @entity1 without @entity1569 within the population-based Rotterdam Study. All @entity1 were screened for @entity1575 using transient elastography. Liver stiffness >   9.5 kPa suggested advanced @entity1575 . Psoriasis was identified using a validated algorithm. A total of 1,535 @entity1 were included (mean age        standard deviation 70.5        7.9 years; 50.8% female; median body mass index 26.4 kg/m2 (interquartile range 24.2-28.9)) of whom 74 (4.7%) had @entity1569 . Prevalence of advanced @entity1575 was 8.1% in @entity1569 @entity1 compared with 3.6% in the reference group (p   =   0.05). The risk of advanced @entity1575 in @entity1569 @entity1 remained comparable after adjustment for demographics, lifestyle characteristics and laboratory findings (odds ratio 2.57 (95% confidence interval 1.00-6.63). This study suggests that elderly @entity1 with @entity1569 are twice as likely to have advanced @entity1575 irrespective of common risk factors.

title: Increased Prevalence of Advanced @entity1575 in XXXX with Psoriasis: A Cross-sectional Analysis from the Rotterdam Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['non-alcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: Understanding the acantholytic pathways leading to blistering in @entity7271 ( @entity7271 ) is a key to development of novel treatments. A novel paradigm of keratinocyte damage in @entity7271 , termed apoptolysis, links the suprabasal acantholytic and cell @entity204 pathways to basal cell shrinkage rendering a 'tombstone' appearance to @entity7271 . In contrast to apoptolysis, the classic keratinocyte apoptosis mediating @entity137 causes @entity204 and subsequent sloughing of the entire epidermis. Apoptolysis includes five consecutive steps. (1) Binding of autoantibodies to @entity7271 antigens. (2) Activation of EGF receptor, @entity7242 , @entity3470 , p38 MAPK and other signalling elements downstream of ligated antigens, elevation of intracellular @entity460 and launching of the cell @entity204 cascades. (3) Basal cell shrinkage due to: (i) collapse and retraction of the tonofilaments cleaved by executioner caspases; and (ii) dissociation of interdesmosomal adhesion complexes caused by phosphorylation of adhesion molecules. (4) Massive cleavage of cellular proteins by activated cell @entity204 enzymes leading to cell collapse, and tearing off desmosomes from the cell membrane stimulating secondary autoantibody production. (5) Rounding up and @entity204 of acantholytic cells. Thus, the structural damage (acantholysis) and @entity204 (apoptosis) of keratinocytes are mediated by the same cell @entity204 enzymes. Appreciation of the unifying concept of apoptolysis have several important implications: (i) linking together a number of seemingly unrelated events surrounding acantholysis; (ii) opening new avenues of investigation into the pathomechanism of pemphigus; and (iii) creating new approaches to the treatment of pemphigus based on blocking the signalling pathways and enzymatic processes that lead to blistering.

title: Apoptolysis: a novel mechanism of skin blistering in XXXX linking the apoptotic pathways to basal cell shrinkage and suprabasal acantholysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxic epidermal necrolysis']

entities_list: @entity7271 :: ('MESH:D010392', 'Disease') :: ['pemphigus vulgaris', 'PV lesions', 'PV']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity7271 :: (MESH:D010392,Disease) :: ['pemphigus vulgaris']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity305 ( @entity305 ) is a rare disease diagnosed in Brazil and worldwide. The frequency of @entity65 in Brazilian @entity305 @entity1 is unknown. OBJECTIVE: Detect the frequency of @entity65 and correlate the cardiovascular findings with the modified @entity717 ( @entity717 ) score. METHODS: In a national reference center, 51 @entity1 were evaluated with clinical examination, electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography (ECHO), and 24-hour Holter. @entity1 were classified according to the modified @entity717 score and divided into groups: @entity717 0, @entity717 I, @entity717 II, and @entity717 > II (which included @entity717 IIIa, IIIb, and IV). We chose the classification tree as the statistical method to analyze the association between findings in cardiac tests with the neurological classification ( @entity717 ). RESULTS: ECG abnormalities were present in almost 2/3 of the @entity305 @entity1 , whereas @entity854 occurred in around 1/3 of them. All @entity1 with abnormal ECHO also had abnormal ECG, but the opposite did not apply. The classification tree identified ECG and ECHO as relevant variables (p < 0.001 and p = 0.08, respectively). The probability of a @entity1 to be allocated to the @entity717 0 group when having a normal ECG was over 80%. When both ECG and ECHO were abnormal, this probability was null. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian @entity1 with @entity305 have frequent ECG abnormalities. ECG is an appropriate test to discriminate asymptomatic carriers of the mutation from those who develop the disease, whereas ECHO contributes to this discrimination.

title: Frequency of Cardiovascular Involvement in @entity305 in Brazilian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['ECHO abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['PND', 'polyneuropathy disability']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular involvement']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity2690 added on to oral anti- @entity6 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity6 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity2690 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity2690 and @entity2690 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity2690 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity413 and the adjusting dose of @entity2690 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity1 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity2690 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity2690 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity413  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity1 achieved the @entity413 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity164 2 XXXX @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity6 drugs.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2698 and @entity2460 ( @entity4306 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity242 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity4306 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity4306 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity601 Anderson @entity5 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity1 were treated with @entity2903 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity5 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity1 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity1 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity1 (7%) had @entity74 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity2903 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity4306 /SFT @entity1 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of XXXX and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic @entity2698 and @entity2460 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity2698 :: ('MESH:D006393', 'Disease') :: ['Hemangiopericytomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Choi progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity2460 :: ('MESH:D054364', 'Disease') :: ['malignant solitary fibrous tumors']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: The active process in a short length of steel wire passivated by 65 per cent @entity32428 has been observed under the influence of a polarizing current, and the form of the potential recorded by the cathode ray oscillograph. In the passive wire, 80 per cent of the total potential drop takes place at the anode, 20 per cent at the cathode. The change from active to passive states, as measured by the potential change, is very abrupt compared to the duration of activity and the potential curve at a point on the wire is probably almost rectangular. The duration of the refractory state is decreased at the anode and increased at the cathode, as in nerve. This fact is against the idea that reactivity after passivation results from a partial reduction of an @entity8369 layer. Soft @entity68 wire passivated by anodal polarization repassivates after activation in acid of a dilution that fails to passivate it initially. It soon becomes rhythmic with a very short refractory phase, and then reacts continuously. Such a wire exhibits a very sharp alternation between a dark brown @entity8369 coat during activity, and a bright clean surface during passivation. A passive steel wire in @entity32428 shows many of the characteristics of an inert electrode such as @entity902 , and it may be inferred that, superposed upon the primary passivation potential, there exists an electrode or oxidation-reduction potential equilibrium between the effects of the various constituents of the solution. It is suggested that the phenomena of nerve-like reactivity in this system may involve an alternation between two protective coatings of the steel wire. During activity, the surface becomes mechanically coated with a brown @entity8369 . If this coating does not adhere, due to gas convection or to rapid solution of the @entity8369 , passivation does not result. Under sufficiently intense oxidizing conditions, a second @entity8369 coat may form in the interstices of the first, and cover the surface as the first coating dissolves off. This furnishes the electrochemical protection of passivation, which is followed by the gradual attainment of electrode equilibrium with the solution.

title: THE EFFECTS OF POLARIZATION UPON THE STEEL WIRE- XXXX MODEL OF NERVE ACTIVITY.

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity32428 :: ('MESH:D017942', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric acid']

answer: @entity32428 :: (MESH:D017942,Chemical) :: ['NITRIC ACID']


abstract: @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) are widely distributed and relocated in the environment as a result of the incomplete combustion of organic matter. Many @entity2556 and their @entity21807 are highly toxic, mutagenic and/or carcinogenic to microorganisms as well as to higher systems including @entity1 . BP is one of the most toxicologically active @entity2556 and is often used as a prototype for this entire class of contaminants. In order to select anti-BP antibodies, the conjugate of BP with BSA (BP-BSA) was used to screen na  ve combinatorial phage library of @entity1 scFvs. Seven unique scFvs against BP-BSA were selected after three rounds of selection. Analysis of the genes encoding the scFvs subdivided them to gene families and subfamilies. Homology with the closest germline ranged from 80.21% to 97.57% for heavy chains and 88.89% to 98.57% for the light chains. Four of the seven @entity10390 @entity3689 residues sequences without stop codons in frame were selected for proteomic analysis with each other. Four scFvs encoded unique non-related proteins with low-sequence identity among them. All CDRs and the boundaries in the @entity2612 formation were carried out. Two of the scFvs (T68 and T72) with the highest binding capabilities to @entity2556 were expressed in @entity526 and purified using a @entity3406 resin. The KDs of T68 to BP-BSA, @entity12684 , @entity9435 , and @entity9437 were almost similar, approximately 10(-7   )M. The KDs of T72 to @entity9437 and @entity12684 were 9.42   *   10(-8   )M and 2.63   *   10(-7   )M, respectively. The computational models of T68 and T72 active centers were different.

title: Generation and Characterization of XXXX Single-Chain Antibodies Against @entity2555 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity9437 :: ('MESH:C030935', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]anthracene']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Exogenous @entity15150 (GA) and @entity52466 ( @entity9634 [ @entity6207 ]) strongly stimulated stem elongation in dwarf GA1-deficient le mutants of light-grown @entity3587 ( @entity3587 .): @entity6207 elicited a sharp increase in growth rate after 20 min followed by a slow decline; the GA response had a longer lag (3 h) and growth increased gradually with time. These responses were additive. The effect of GA was mainly in internodes less than 25% expanded, whereas that of @entity6207 was in the older, elongating internodes. @entity6207 stimulated growth by cell extension; GA stimulated growth by an increase in cell length and cell number. Dwarf lkb GA-response-mutant plants elongated poorly in response to GA (accounted for by an increase in cell number) but were very responsive to @entity6207 . GA produced a substantial elongation in lkb plants only in the presence of @entity6207 . Because lkb plants contain low levels of @entity6207 , growth suppression in dwarf lkb mutants seems to be due to a @entity308 . GA may enhance the auxin induction of cell elongation but cannot promote elongation in the absence of auxin. The effect of GA may, in part, be mediated by auxin. Auxin and GA control separate processes that together contribute to stem elongation. @entity1051 in either leads to a dwarfed phenotype.

title: Genetic Dissection of the Relative Roles of Auxin and @entity15150 in the Regulation of Stem Elongation in Intact Light-Grown XXXX .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency in endogenous auxin']

entities_list: @entity9634 :: ('MESH:C030737', 'Chemical') :: ['indoleacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1051 :: ('MESH:D013661', 'Disease') :: ['A deficiency']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

entities_list: @entity3587 :: ('3888', 'Species') :: ['Pisum sativum L', 'pea']

answer: @entity3587 :: (3888,Species) :: ['Peas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Structural hemoglobinopathies do not usually have a clinical impact, but they can interfere with the analytical determination of some parameters, such as the glycated hemoglobin in diabetic @entity1 . Thalassemias represent a serious health problem in areas where their incidence is high. The defects in the post-translational modifications produce hyper-unstable hemoglobin that is not detected by most of electrophoretic or chromatographic methods that are available so far. METHODS: We studied seven @entity1 who belong to six unrelated families. The first two families were studied because they had peak abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) during routine analytical assays. The other four families were studied because they had microcytosis and hypochromia with normal @entity13554 and HbF without @entity68 deficiency. @entity13554 and F quantification and abnormal Hb separation were performed by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods. The molecular characterization was performed using specific sequencing. RESULTS: The Hb Puerta del Sol presents electrophoretic mobility and elution in HPLC that is different from HbA and similar to HbS. The electrophoretic and chromatographic profiles of the four other variants are normal and do not show any anomalies, and their identification was only possible with sequencing. Conlcusions: Some variants, such as Hb Valdecilla, Hb Gran V  a, Hb Macarena and Hb El Retiro, have significant clinical impact when they are associated with other forms of a-thalassemia, which could lead to more serious forms of this group of pathologies as for HbH disease. Therefore, it is important to maintain an adequate program for screening these diseases in countries where the prevalence is high to prevent the occurrence of severe forms.

title: HB Puerta del Sol [HBA1:c.148A>C], HB Valdecilla [ @entity13554 :c.3G>T], HB Gran V  a [ @entity13554 :c.98T>G], HB Macarena [ @entity13554 :c.358C>T], and HB El Retiro [ XXXX :c.364_366dupGTG]: description of five new hemoglobinopathies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity13554 :: (3040,Gene) :: ['HBA2']


abstract: The fully grown but nonmetamorphosed (juvenile) @entity7547 @entity7547 was ureogenic and primarily ureotelic in water. A complete @entity7222 - @entity1133 cycle (OUC) was present in the liver. Aerial exposure impeded @entity1133 (but not @entity3265 ) excretion, leading to a decrease in the percentage of @entity1568 excreted as @entity1133 in the first 24 h. However, @entity1133 and not @entity3265 accumulated in the muscle, liver, and plasma during aerial exposure. By 48 h, the rate of @entity1133 excretion recovered fully, probably due to the greater @entity1133 concentration gradient in the kidney. It is generally accepted that an increase in @entity12116 synthetase activity is especially critical in the developmental transition from ammonotelism to ureotelism in the amphibian. Results from this study indicate that such a transition in A. mexicanum would have occurred before migration to land. Aerial exposure for 72 h exhibited no significant effect on @entity12116 synthetase-I activity or that of other OUC enzymes (with the exception of @entity7222 transcarbamoylase) from the liver of the juvenile A. mexicanum. This supports our hypothesis that the capacities of OUC enzymes present in the liver of the aquatic juvenile @entity7547 were adequate to prepare it for its invasion of the terrestrial environment. The high OUC capacity was further supported by the capability of the juvenile A. mexicanum to survive in 10 mM @entity8777 without accumulating @entity1522 in its body. The majority of the accumulating endogenous and exogenous @entity3265 was detoxified to @entity1133 , which led to a greater than twofold increase in @entity1133 levels in the muscle, liver, and plasma and a significant increase in @entity1133 excretion by hour 96. Hence, it can be concluded that the juvenile @entity7547 acquired ureotelism while submerged in water, and its hepatic capacity of @entity1133 synthesis was more than adequate to handle the @entity137 of endogenous @entity3265 during migration to land.

title: Excretory XXXX metabolism in the juvenile @entity7547 @entity7547 : differences in aquatic and terrestrial environments.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity12116 :: ('MESH:D002221', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamoyl phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity7547 :: ('8296', 'Species') :: ['axolotl', 'Ambystoma mexicanum']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity7222 :: ('CHEBI:18257', 'Chemical') :: ['ornithine']

answer: @entity1568 :: (MESH:D009584,Chemical) :: ['nitrogen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to extract the ingredients from leaves of @entity2708 (Bt @entity2708 ) using different solvents and evaluate for potential use to control different larval stages of mosquito species, @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi. METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative estimation of ingredients from Go. hirsutum (Bt) plant extract was carried out and their inhibitory action against mosquito larvae was determined using mosquito larvicidal assay. RESULTS: LC50 values of water, @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 extracts for Ae. aegypti were 211.73  21.49, 241.64  19.92, 358.07  32.43, 401.03  36.19 and 232.56  26.00, 298.54  21.78, 366.50  30.59, 387.19  31.82 for 4(th) instar of An. stephensi, respectively. The water extract displayed lowest LC50 value followed by @entity1068 , @entity1046 and @entity4315 . Owing to the comparatively better activity of water extract, its efficacy was further evaluated for mosquito larvicidal activity, which exhibited LC50 values of 133.95  12.79, 167.65  11.34 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of Ae. aegypti and 145.48  11.76, 188.10  12.92 against 2(nd) and 3(rd) instars of An. stephensi, respectively. Crude protein from the water extract was precipitated using @entity1324 and tested against 2(nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi. It revealed further decrease in LC50 values as @entity71530 (nd), 3(rd) and 4(th) instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi, respectively. CONCLUSION: Leaves extracts of Go. hirsutum (Bt) is potential mosquito larvicide and can be used as a potent alternative to chemical insecticides in integrated pest management.

title: Mosquito Larvicidal Potential of XXXX (Bt @entity2708 ) Leaves Extracts against @entity4224 and Anopheles stephensi larvae.

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity1046 :: ('MESH:C007650', 'Chemical') :: ['ethyl acetate']

entities_list: @entity2708 :: ('3635', 'Species') :: ['cotton', 'Gossypium hirsutum']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['Gossypium hirsutum']


abstract: The @entity876 protein, a negative regulator of cell growth, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many @entity1 @entity5 following gene mutation and/or deletion. We screened a large number of @entity5 for @entity876 protein accumulation suggestive of gene mutation. Samples were divided into benign @entity652 (n = 95) and invasive @entity5 with local or distant invasion (n = 26). All main @entity5 classes were represented. Putative @entity876 mutations were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections using polyclonal CM-1 and monoclonal DO-7 and PAb1801 antibodies. Results were compared to normal post-mortem pituitary tissue controls (n = 17). @entity876 protein accumulation was detected in invasive @entity5 (16%), but only in corticotrophinomas (2/4) and @entity5 (4/15). In non-invasive @entity652 , protein accumulation was observed only in ACTH-secreting @entity5 where 50% were positive (16/32). No protein accumulation was identified in any control tissue. These results indicate that @entity876 protein accumulation may play a role in the development of @entity652 and in the progression of @entity5 to the invasive state.

title: @entity876 Protein accumulates in @entity652 and invasive non-functional XXXX .

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Cushings adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic pituitary tumours', 'non-functional tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

answer: @entity652 :: (MESH:D000236,Disease) :: ['adenomas']


abstract: Forty-two @entity1 with advanced @entity957 were treated with a combination regimen of @entity1732 180 mg and external irradiation 30-45 Gy. Twenty @entity1 had primary lesions, and 22 @entity1 had recurrent disease. Fifteen (75%) of the @entity1 with @entity66 showed objective response (five complete and ten partial response). Four underwent surgery. Of these, one is alive after 60 months with no evidence of disease. Two have died of unrelated causes without signs of recurrence. Seventeen relapsed and died of @entity189 . Median survival for @entity1 treated for @entity66 was 8.0 months. Thirteen (59%) of 22 @entity1 treated for recurrence showed objective response (two complete and eleven partial responses). None underwent surgery. All these @entity1 died of @entity189 . Median survival was 6.4 months. @entity137 was acceptable, and there were no treatment-related @entity204 . Even taking into account that our @entity1 had very advanced disease, the results are disappointing. An increase of the radiation dose beyond the maximum of 45 Gy given, and more aggressive surgery, might have improved the results.

title: Combined @entity1732 and irradiation in preoperative treatment of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the vulva']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva']


abstract: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) and @entity957 ( @entity957 ) are clinically and pathologically distinct and both are locally invasive. However, while @entity1491 rarely metastasise, @entity957 have the potential to do so especially when they arise on the ears or lips. UV radiation is the most important risk factor for @entity1489 ( @entity1489 ). The @entity5 most commonly arise in fair-skinned individuals on sun-damaged skin, especially the face. Incidence rises with age. @entity1 with one @entity1489 have a higher risk of developing another @entity1489 and of @entity320 . @entity957 are frequently more difficult to diagnose than @entity1491 . Well differentiated lesions have a pronounced keratotic element. Poorly differentiated @entity957 tend to be pink or red papules or nodules, lacking keratin, which may ulcerate. Around 5% of @entity957 metastasise. High-risk @entity957 include those: on the ear, lip, or sites unexposed to the sun and in chronic @entity1066 , scars or @entity1490 . @entity957 > 20 mm in diameter or > 4 mm in depth are high risk. @entity1 who are immunosuppressed, have poorly differentiated @entity5 or recurrent disease are also at increased risk. @entity1 with a slowly evolving or persistent @entity272 where @entity5 is a possibility should be referred to a dermatologist. Lesions suspected of being BCC should be referred routinely. Urgent referral should be reserved for cases where there is concern that a delay may have a significant impact because of the size or site of the lesion. Any non-healing lesions >1 cm with marked induration on palpation, showing significant expansion over eight weeks, should be referred urgently as they may be @entity957 .

title: Improving detection of XXXX @entity1489 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer', 'NMSC']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesion']

entities_list: @entity1490 :: ('MESH:D001913', 'Disease') :: ["Bowen's disease"]

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['BCCs', 'Basal cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity1489 :: (MESH:D012878,Disease) :: ['non-melanoma skin cancer']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Hyperinsulinaemia is associated with @entity28 but its causal role in the onset of @entity28 remains controversial. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that transient attenuation of diet-induced @entity2690 hypersecretion in young @entity19 can provide sustained protection against @entity28 throughout adult life. METHODS: Using 'genetically humanised' @entity19 lacking both alleles of rodent-specific @entity15981 , we compared @entity19 heterozygous for the ancestral @entity2690 gene @entity15979 with @entity15979 (+/+) controls. Female @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) and @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) littermates were fed chow or @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ). @entity2690 secretion, metabolic health variables and body mass/composition were tracked for over 1  year. We examined islet function and adipose transcript levels of adipogenic, lipogenic and lipolytic genes at two time points. RESULTS: In control @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) @entity19 , @entity1386 resulted in elevated fasting and @entity413 -stimulated @entity2690 secretion between 8  weeks and 27  weeks of age. Hyperinsulinaemia was reduced by nearly 50% in @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 during this period, without lasting adverse effects on @entity413 homeostasis. This corresponded with attenuated @entity1017 and adiposity. White adipose tissue from @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 had fewer large lipid droplets, although transcriptional changes were not detected. Importantly, @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 remained lighter than @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/+) littermates despite reaching an equivalent degree of hyperinsulinaemia on @entity1386 by 52  weeks. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These data demonstrate that attenuation of hyperinsulinaemia in young, growing female @entity19 provides a long-lasting protection against @entity28 . This protection persists despite a late-onset emergence of hyperinsulinaemia in @entity1386 -fed @entity15981 (-/-): @entity15979 (+/-) @entity19 . Given the evolutionary conserved roles of @entity2690 , it is possible that suppressing hyperinsulinaemia early in life may have far-reaching consequences on @entity28 in full-grown adult @entity1 .

title: Suppression of hyperinsulinaemia in growing female XXXX provides long-term protection against @entity28 .

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['HFD', 'high-fat diet']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: In this study scanning immuno-electron microscopic (SIEM) techniques were used to identify @entity1 @entity6494 cells. Monodispersed @entity852 (latex) beads were conjugated to specific antisera using @entity3584 , in an attempt to detect surface antigenic components on a variety of cells of known origin. Antisera, mostly immunoglobulin fractions, against @entity1 thymus (T) derived cells, common type @entity981 cells (C/ALL) and surface immunoglobulin (sIg) bearing cells were used to coat latex spheres, while rabbit anti-mouse @entity5399 antiserum or whole human-IgG (gamma-globulin) bound to latex were used as controls in some experiments. The use of SIEM techniques in the direct mode as a simple and sensitive method for labelling surface antigens is described. The disadvantages of the SIEM methodology are also summarized while the requirements for optimal cell preparation using this technique are stressed. The experiments were designed to ascertain whether prolonged fixation of cells could be used prior to incubation of the cells with the marker. In this respect, repeated neutralization of the @entity3584 with @entity2228 is essential. SIEM labelling of cells is random and unreliable without adequate quenching with @entity2228 . The heteroantisera used in this study proved to be adequate and insignificant non-specific attachment and cross reactivity were seen. SIEM adds a further dimension to ultrastructural aspects of immunology and is a potentially useful tool in the study and identification of @entity1778 and @entity706 cells.

title: Scanning immuno-electron microscopy of @entity1 XXXX and @entity706 cells: a comparative study of techniques using immunolatex spheres as marker.

entities_list: @entity852 :: ('MESH:D011137', 'Chemical') :: ['polystyrene']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia-lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukaemia']


abstract: @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) is a well-known anti- @entity302 and mood stabilizing drug. A growing number of reports demonstrate that @entity2052 is neuroprotective against various insults. Despite intensive efforts to develop new therapeutics for @entity64 over the past two decades, all treatments have thus far failed to show clinical effect because of treatment-limiting side effects of the drugs. Therefore, a safety-validated drug like @entity2052 would be an attractive candidate if it has neuroprotective effects against @entity63 insults. The present study was undertaken to examine whether pre- and post-insult treatments with @entity2052 protect against @entity4798 and @entity51 in @entity19 transient (tMCAO) and permanent @entity2500 (pMCAO) models. In the tMCAO (2 hr MCAO and 22 hr reperfusion) model, intraperitoneal injection of @entity2052 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly reduced the @entity1188 size and the @entity51 . @entity2052 treatment immediately after reperfusion significantly reduced the @entity1188 size. The administration of @entity2052 at 4 hr after reperfusion failed to reduce the @entity1188 size and the @entity51 . In the pMCAO model, treatment with @entity2052 (300 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to MCAO significantly attenuated the @entity1188 size, but did not affect the @entity51 . Western blot analysis of acetylated H3 and H4 protein levels in extracts from the @entity63 cortical area showed that treatment with @entity2052 increased the expression of acetylated H3 and H4 at 2 hrs after MCAO. These results demonstrated that treatment with @entity2052 prior to @entity63 attenuated @entity63 @entity75 in both @entity19 tMCAO and pMCAO models and treatment with @entity2052 immediately after reperfusion reduced the @entity1188 area in the tMCAO model. @entity2052 could therefore be evaluated for clinical use in @entity64 @entity1 .

title: Neuroprotection by XXXX in @entity19 models of permanent and transient focal cerebral ischemia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['brain infarct']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

answer: @entity1092 :: (MESH:D014635,Chemical) :: ['valproic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To assess the added value of biopsy factors, like maximum @entity5 in a core ( @entity11708 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity7184 ( @entity7184 ), percentage of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the @entity263 Research International: Active Surveillance (PRIAS) criteria in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) but eligible for @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ). METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2007, 750 consecutive subjects underwent RP. We identified 147 (19.07%) @entity1 who were eligible for @entity3457 based on PRIAS criteria: clinical stage T1c or T2, PSA level of   10   ng   ml(-1), Gleason score    6, PSA-D of <0.2   ng   ml(-)(2) and one or two positive biopsy cores. We calculated the diagnostic accuracy of biopsy factors in determining pathological confirmed unfavorable disease. Decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed. RESULTS: Of all subjects, 95 @entity1 (66.43%) had favorable whereas 48 had (33.57%) unfavorable disease. On multivariate analyses, the inclusion of @entity11708 , @entity5 , @entity7184 and @entity5 significantly increased the accuracy of the base multivariate model in predicting unfavorable disease. The gain in predictive accuracy for @entity11708 in a core, @entity5 , @entity7184 and @entity5 ranged from 13 to 27%. The DCA shows that adding @entity11708 , @entity5 , @entity7184 and @entity5 resulted in a greater net benefit when the probability of ranges between 15 and 50%. The models can be applied at the cost of missing not more than 16.83% of unfavorable disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that the addition of these biopsy factors to PRIAS criteria has the potential to significantly increase the ability to detect unfavorable disease. @entity263 and @entity4623 advance online publication, 2 June 2015; doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.26.

title: Performance of biopsy factors in predicting unfavorable disease in XXXX eligible for @entity3457 according to the PRIAS criteria.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity7184 :: ('MESH:D012090', 'Disease') :: ['cumulative length of positive cores', 'CLPC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cumulative cancer length', 'cancer involvement in positive cores', 'CIPC', 'CCL', 'cancer length']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostatic Disease']

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['active surveillance', 'AS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The association between dialysis vascular @entity409 and the risk of developing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in hemodialysis @entity1 is unclear and has not yet been investigated. We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan to quantify this association. Adopting a case-control design nested within a cohort of @entity1 who received hemodialysis from 2001 to 2010, we identified 9711 incident cases of MACE during the stage of stable maintenance dialysis and 19,422 randomly selected controls matched to cases on age, gender, and duration of dialysis. Events of vascular @entity409 in the 6-month period before the date of MACE onset (ie, index date) for cases and before index dates for controls were evaluated retrospectively. The presence of vascular @entity409 was associated with a 1.385-fold higher odds of developing MACE as estimated from the logistic regression analysis. This represents a significantly increased adjusted odds ratio (OR) at 1.268 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.186-1.355) after adjustment for comorbidities and calendar years of initiating dialysis. We also noted a significant exposure-response trend (P<0.001) between the frequency of vascular @entity409 and MACE, with the greatest risk (adjusted OR=1.840, 95% CI=1.549-2.186) noted in @entity1 with >= 3 vascular access events. We concluded that dialysis vascular @entity409 was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE. Hence, vascular access failure can be an early sign for MACE in @entity1 receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Active monitoring and treatment of cardiovascular risk factors and related diseases, not merely managing vascular @entity409 , would be required to reduce the risk of MACE.

title: Association Between Vascular Access Dysfunction and Subsequent Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in XXXX on Hemodialysis: A Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study.

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['access dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Five percent to 10% of @entity320 ( @entity320 ) occur in a familial setting. Clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic studies of familial @entity73168 in different regions of the world have led to various results. To assess the characteristics of familial @entity73168 in France, the clinical, histologic, and epidemiologic characteristics of 295 @entity1 with @entity73168 were recorded, and a comprehensive familial investigation was performed for each case. @entity1 with a family history of @entity73168 were compared with nonfamilial cases. RESULTS: @entity320 occurred as a @entity5 in 22 (8%) of 295 @entity1 . Among the multiple variables studied, those significantly associated with the familial occurrence of @entity73168 were red hair, inability to tan, and presence of clinically atypical moles. When these variables were considered together in a multivariate analysis, only the association with red hair (P = .001) and atypical moles (P < .05) remained significant. In addition, the @entity1 with @entity321 exhibited the following tendencies: a younger age at diagnosis, a higher number of moles, and the development of multiple primary @entity320 , but these results did not reach statistical significance. Factors relating to UV light exposure, histologic features of @entity73168 , course of the disease, and occurrence of @entity5 showed a similar distribution between familial and nonfamilial cases. CONCLUSION: A familial investigation should be performed for each @entity1 with @entity73168 in France, particularly when he or she exhibits phenotypic risk factors for @entity73168 such as red hair and atypical moles.

title: Comparison between familial and nonfamilial XXXX in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity321 :: ('MESH:C562393', 'Disease') :: ['familial melanoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['familial cancer', 'nonmelanoma cancers']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous malignant melanomas', 'melanomas', 'Cutaneous malignant melanoma', 'CMMs']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate retrospectively the feasibility and effect of hepatic trisegmentectomy in therapy of huge @entity5 of the liver. METHODS: From July 1993 to October 1999, 29 @entity1 with huge @entity99 underwent hepatic trisegmentectomy. Of these, 23 @entity1 suffered from @entity96 , 1 hepatic infiltration of @entity1086 , 1 metastasis of @entity694 , 1 @entity99 , 1 @entity99 , and 2 huge @entity96 . Twenty-six @entity1 were subjected to right trisegmentectomy and the rest 3 left trisegmentectomy. All trisegmentectomies were performed under normothermic interruption of the porta hepatis at single time and these interruptions lasted 15 to 40 minutes. RESULTS: The relatively good effect was seen in our series. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates for @entity96 @entity1 were 63.6%, 36.4% and 27.3%, respectively. The survival period for the @entity1 with hepatic infiltration of @entity1086 and liver metastasis of @entity694 was 6 months. Those with @entity99 , @entity99 and huge @entity96 have been surviving 35, 26, 25 and 40 months, respectively. Major complications were noted in 5 @entity1 , and one (3.4%, 1/29) died. CONCLUSION: Hepatic trisegmentectomy is safe and effective in treatment of huge @entity99 if its indications and operative techniques are properly mastered.

title: Hepatic trisegmentectomy for 29 @entity1 with huge XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cysts', 'primary liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic neurofibroma', 'hepatic angiosarcoma', 'hepatic neoplasms']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['liver neoplasms']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of @entity3283 resulting in @entity735 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of all cases requiring evisceration or enucleation due to microbial @entity1036 at Wills Eye Hospital between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1995. Medical records were reviewed to determine the past medical and ophthalmic history, duration of symptoms and treatment prior to referral, and the size of the ulcer at time of presentation. Treatment, culture results, and clinical course were also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 1.8% (17 of 965) of the @entity1 with @entity3283 admitted to Wills Eye Hospital underwent evisceration or enucleation for microbial @entity1036 . The median age of the @entity1 was 67 years (+/- 20.1 years). A majority of the @entity1 (82%, 14 of 17) had a history of preexisting @entity2194 resulting in poor visual acuity. The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to Wills Eye Hospital was 11.4 days (+/- 13.9 days). The average size of the corneal infiltrate was 40.8 @entity202 (+/- 38.7 @entity202 ). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (7 cases) and Streptococcus (3 cases). @entity1 required evisceration (14 cases) or enucleation (3 cases) due to uncontrolled @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1036 resulting in @entity735 occurred typically in @entity1 who were elderly with preexisting poor visual acuity, who presented with severe @entity281 due to virulent organisms or delayed treatment.

title: XXXX resulting in @entity735 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Microbial keratitis', 'keratitis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['loss of the eye']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['infected corneal ulcers', 'corneal ulcers']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['Microbial keratitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4401 is an acute @entity912 of one side of the face of unknown aetiology. @entity4401 should only be used as a diagnosis in the absence of all other pathology. As the proposed pathophysiology is swelling and entrapment of the nerve, some surgeons suggest surgical decompression of the nerve as a possible management option. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of surgery in the management of @entity4401 and to compare this to outcomes of medical management. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity4094 Group Specialized Register (23 November 2010). We also searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (23 November in The Cochrane Library, Issue 4 2010). We adapted this strategy to search MEDLINE (January 1966 to November 2010) and EMBASE (January 1980 to November 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: We included all randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials involving any surgical intervention for @entity4401 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed whether trials identified from the search strategy were eligible for inclusion. Two review authors assessed trial quality and extracted data independently. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials with a total of 69 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The first study considered the treatment of 403 @entity1 but only included 44 in their surgical study. These were randomised into a surgical and non surgical group. The second study had 25 @entity1 which they randomly allocated into surgical or control groups.The nerves of all the surgical group @entity1 in both studies were decompressed using a retroauricular approach. The primary outcome was @entity3541 at 12 months. The first study showed that both the operated and non operated groups had comparable facial nerve recovery at nine months. This study did not statistically compare the groups but the scores and size of the groups suggested that statistically significant differences are unlikely.  The second study reported no statistically significant differences between their operated and control groups. One operated @entity1 in the first study had 20 dB @entity1274 and persistent vertigo. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is only very low quality evidence from randomised controlled trials and this is insufficient to decide whether surgical intervention is beneficial or harmful in the management of @entity4401 .Further research into the role of surgical intervention is unlikely to be performed because spontaneous recovery occurs in most cases.

title: Surgical interventions for the early management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['Neuromuscular Disease']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's palsy"]

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['recovery of facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4401 :: (MESH:D020330,Disease) :: ['Bell's palsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity101 and @entity2299 additively increases the risk of @entity65 . There is a high prevalence of @entity101 in Nigeria, but there are little data regarding the prevalence of @entity2299 in subjects with @entity101 . OBJECTIVE: In this observational prospective study, we examined the prevalence of @entity2299 in newly diagnosed normoglycemic subjects with @entity101 . METHODS: A total of 171 subjects presenting with @entity101 for the first time in the cardiology and nephrology clinics at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital were studied. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured. Total @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) were determined in fasting plasma. The total @entity165 /HDL-C and non-HDL-C values were calculated. These measures were then classified according to the 2001 report of the National @entity165 Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood @entity165 in Adults. RESULTS: Of the 171 subjects studied, 84 (49%) were male and 87 (51%) were female. Low HDL-C was present in 71 (45.8%), elevated LDL-C in 29 (17%), elevated total @entity165 in 19 (11.1%), and elevated @entity412 in 13 (7.6%), whereas eight (4.7%) of the study population had combined elevated total @entity165 and @entity412 . Female subjects had higher total @entity165 and lower HDL-C than male subjects, but these differences were not statistically significant. Obese subjects, compared to the nonobese, had significantly higher LDL-C and total @entity165 /HDL-C ratios in males and significantly higher @entity412 levels in females. CONCLUSIONS: Given the prevalence of @entity2299 seen in this study, we suggest that fasting lipid measurements should be performed in all Nigerians with @entity101 . These data suggest the need for health education and lifestyle modifications in hypertensive Nigerians to reduce both types of risk factors.

title: Prevalence of @entity2299 in normoglycemic subjects with newly diagnosed XXXX in Abuja, Nigeria.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['High blood pressure', 'high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['Cholesterol', 'cholesterol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['high blood pressure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) is well known disease as a result of frequent complication of the group A b-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) tonsillopharyngitis, have noticeably grown for the last 15 years among young generation in the Kyrgyz Republic. It is important to hold a study about the prevalence of @entity4789 and GABHS and their susceptibility to antibiotics in the Kyrgyz Republic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have studied 200 @entity1 with @entity102 at the National Center of Pediatrics and @entity1 Surgery in Bishkek (the Kyrgyz Republic) from August till September 2008. 188 (48 out of them are with @entity4789 ) out of total 200 @entity1 are Kyrgyz and 12 are Russian (2 out of them are with @entity4789 ). 111 out of total are female (34 out of them are with @entity4789 ) and 89 are male (17 out of them are with @entity4789 ). The average age of the subjects is 10.9  6.0 (from 3 to 17 years old). The presence of GABHS was assessed using two ways: by the rapid antigen detection test (RADT) for outcrop of streptococcus antigen in smear from mucosal surface of tonsils, and by bacterial culture analysis (BA). RADT was used to determine its specificity and sensitivity in order to recommend practitioners its further wide use. Furthermore, the discovered culture of GABHS have been investigated on susceptibility to antibiotics by disc-diffusion method. RESEARCH RESULTS: GABHS antigen was positive in 72 (36.0 %) subjects from RADT and in 80 (40.0%) subjects from BA out of 200 total subjects. In the @entity1 with @entity4789 (n=51), GABHS was positive in 18 (35.2%) subjects by RADT and in 24 (47.0%) subjects by BA. In the subjects without @entity4789 (n=149), GABHS was positive in 54 (36.2%) subjects by RADT and in 56 (37.5%) by BA. Among 80 GABHS positive results sensitive to antibiotics were: to @entity114 only 10 (12.5%), to @entity869 -29 (36.2%), to @entity115 -36 (45.0%), to @entity2756 - 31 (38.7%), to @entity14698 - 21 (26.2%), to @entity2929 - 19 (23.7%). It is noted that 21 (26.2%) GABHS positive results were absolutely resistant for all these tested antibiotics. RADT showed that its specificity is 85% as well as its sensitivity is equal to 67.5%. CONCLUSION: In this study the sensitivity of RADT was low; therefore, the negative results of RADT don't exclude presence of GABHS. High prevalence of GABHS antigen demonstrates not only in @entity1 with @entity4789 , but also among healthy @entity1 (without @entity4789 ) of the Kyrgyz Republic. The high prevalence of GABHS at @entity1 with @entity4789 (47.0%), probably, presents a low sensitivity to antibiotics and irregular secondary prophylaxis. Significant presence of GABHS among healthy @entity1 (37.5%) requires improvement of primary prevention to prevent further spread of @entity4789 and @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) in the country.

title: Prevalence of Group A b-Hemolytic Streptococcus Among XXXX with Tonsillopharyngitis in Kyrgyzstan: The Difficulty of Diagnostics and Therapy.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'Rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxon']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic Heart Disease', 'RHD']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic tonsillopharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity14698 :: ('MESH:D015575', 'Chemical') :: ['roxithromycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that high @entity2827 intake increases urinary @entity460 excretion and may be a risk factor for @entity170 . However, the effect of oral @entity2827 intake on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and risk of @entity170 has been inadequately researched. The aim of the present study was to determine whether urinary @entity1372 excretion (reflecting oral @entity2827 intake) associates with @entity79 and prevalence of @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 . This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative sample consisting of 2,779 postmenopausal @entity1 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys in 2008-2011. The association of urinary @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratio with @entity79 and other @entity170 risk factors was assessed. In addition, the prevalence of @entity170 was assessed in four groups with different urinary @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratios. @entity1 with @entity170 had significantly higher urinary @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratios than the @entity1 without @entity170 . After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, urinary @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratio correlated inversely with lumbar spine @entity79 (P  =  0.001). Similarly, when @entity1 were divided into quartile groups according to urinary @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratio, the average @entity79 dropped as the urinary @entity1372 / @entity1011 ratio increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had a significantly increased prevalence of lumbar spine @entity170 (odds ratios 1.346, P for trend  =  0.044). High urinary @entity1372 excretion was significantly associated with low @entity79 and high prevalence of @entity170 in lumbar spine. These results suggest that high @entity2827 intake decreases lumbar spine @entity79 and increases the risk of @entity170 in postmenopausal @entity1 .

title: Association of urinary @entity1372 / XXXX ratio with @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 : KNHANES 2008-2011.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a method for assessing @entity5 vascularity in a preclinical model of @entity0 using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. METHODS: Eight @entity19 were injected with 67NR @entity0 cells on their hind limbs and imaged with ultrasonography 8 days later. @entity19 were injected with an ultrasound contrast agent (UCA), and a sequence of images of the resultant backscattered echoes was recorded before and after high-power "destruction" pulses for each of multiple parallel planes. From these, data maps of the maximum contrast enhancement (within each time course) were constructed for each pixel, which enabled reconstruction of high-resolution coregistered sections into a 3-dimensional (3D) volume reflecting @entity5 vascularity. Additional studies were performed to determine the duration and repeatability of image enhancement, and images were correlated with conventional 3D power Doppler measurements. RESULTS: The lifetime of the UCA in vivo was found to be 4.3 +/- 1.09 minutes (mean +/- SD). The 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasonographic technique produced images that correlated well with power Doppler images in specific regions but also depicted additional regions of flow surrounding the power Doppler signal. The mean correlation coefficient between voxel measurements of the central slice for each animal was 0.64 +/- 0.07 (P < .01). In addition, sequential studies in each animal were reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: A method producing high-resolution volumetric assessments of @entity5 vascularity in a preclinical model of @entity0 is shown that correlates with other ultrasonographic measures of blood flow, which may provide greater sensitivity to the microvasculature.

title: A method for assessing the microvasculature in a @entity19 XXXX model using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Clinical management of in situ @entity189 of the breast is different from invasive @entity189 . Thus, it is important to find cytomorphologic criteria to distinguish between these two entities. The current study is designed to assess whether, by applying strict cytologic criteria, the status of stromal invasion can be predicted. In this retrospective study, 223 consecutive nonpalpable @entity5 sampled by ultrasound-guided breast fine-needle aspirates with diagnosis of in situ and @entity189 with histologic follow-up evaluation were retrieved. Ten cytologic parameters were evaluated, which included cellular clustering, eosinophilic differentiation, @entity39 , tubular structures, dirty background, nuclear anisonucleosis, cellular pleomorphism, cribriform pattern, tubular structures, and stromal infiltration. Among all the parameters examined, stromal infiltration was the most powerful predictor of status of invasion. Stromal infiltration was significantly higher in invasive (88%) than in situ (11%), P < 0.0001. In contrast, cribriform pattern (16% vs 36%) and @entity39 (19% vs 59%) were more frequently seen in situ than in invasive @entity189 with P-values of 0.0008 and <0.0001, respectively. This study demonstrates that stromal infiltration defined by strict criteria may predict the status of @entity5 invasion in breast fine-needle aspirates. The combination of stromal infiltration and cribriform pattern and @entity39 in aspirates may provide an opportunity in introducing a "predictive index" to differentiate between an in situ versus an invasive process.

title: Stromal infiltration as a predictor of XXXX invasion in breast fine-needle aspiration biopsy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine use of positive end-expiratory pressure (based on the pressure at the lower inflection point on the static total respiratory compliance curve) along with a maneuver to recruit atelectatic lung has been advocated after cardiothoracic surgery. OBJECTIVES: To determine if the lower inflection point is related to outcomes in @entity1 after sternotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass. METHOD: A prospective observational study involving estimation of the lower inflection point on the inflation pressure-volume plot obtained with a low-flow technique. Duration of intubation, length of stay, @entity1576 , and results of spirometry were compared between @entity1 with a "high " inflection point (> or =10 cm @entity2507 ) and @entity1 with a "low" inflection point (< or =5 cm @entity2507 ). RESULTS: Ninety-five @entity1 were enrolled. After exclusion for incomplete data, 65 @entity1 (49 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; mean age, 66.1 years; SD, 9.5 years) were included. The mean lower inflection point was 6.33 cm @entity2507 (SD, 3.4 cm @entity2507 ). A second lower inflection point was observed on 5 plots (mean, 21 cm @entity2507 ; SD, 1.4 cm @entity2507 ). Nine @entity1 had high inflection points (mean, 13.1 cm @entity2507 ; SD, 3.0 cm @entity2507 ), and 33 had low inflection points (mean, 3.9 cm @entity2507 ; SD, 0.98 cm @entity2507 ). No outcome measures differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with short intubation times and predictable postoperative course, general use of a lung recruitment strategy involving sustained inflations and adjustment of positive end-expiratory pressure based on the lower inflection point is difficult to justify.

title: Comparison of the lower inflection point on the static total respiratory compliance curve with outcomes in postoperative cardiothoracic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The authors a case of a 53 year old @entity1 who has been under observation of the Ophthalmologic Department from lassy Railway Hospital since September 2000. The the diagnosis was on both eyes: Operate @entity726 . Incipient @entity231 . Anterior Uveiti Sechelae. Cicatricial Corioretinitis. In January 2001 this @entity1 came in our clinic on the right eye with acute decrease of visual acuity from 1/6 to 1/25 on @entity735 , with marked @entity2194 . The suspected etiologic diagnosis was initially RE: Intermediate @entity1596 . After local and general treatment with @entity228 antiinflammatory agents the inflammatory phenomena was decreased but the visual acuity remained unchanged. After that we suspected macular cystoid @entity4 . The cause of the visual acuity decrease remains obscure and this case underlines the difficulties meeting on the therapeutic management of the @entity726 on an eye with numerous associated diseases.

title: [Macular cystoid @entity4 in eyes with XXXX after surgery].

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hipotony']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['Cataract']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory Secondary Glaucoma', 'glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['white, unpainful eye']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['secondary glaucoma']


abstract: The goal of this study was to estimate the health and economic consequences of non-compliance with oral antimicrobial treatment in @entity235 with superficial @entity6793 , wounds or @entity733 in the US. A mathematical model (Markov model) which simulated treatment with long-term injectable @entity72478 versus oral @entity115 / @entity798 was developed and accounted for the effect of non-compliance on clinical outcomes and mean total treatment costs per @entity1 . Efficacy parameters considered in the model were derived from clinical studies. Treatment failure due to oral antimicrobial treatment non-compliance was approximated from published data at 13.6%. US cost data for 2009 were derived from public sources. When non-compliance was considered as a cause of treatment failure with oral medication, the long-term injectable antibiotic was more effective than oral comparator (162 versus 158 days without clinical signs). Mean total treatment costs were lower with @entity72478 (USD 376.74) versus @entity115 / @entity798 (USD 382.34) in @entity235 of 25 kg; and @entity72478 remained cost-saving up to a body weight of 31 kg. In large @entity235 , @entity72478 was more costly; however, total therapy costs were less than 6% greater than with @entity115 / @entity798 . Accordingly the higher drug and administration costs of the long-term injectable antibiotic were totally or substantially offset when non-compliance was considered as reason for treatment failure with oral medication. The model also allowed for the estimation of the impact of various non-compliance scenarios.

title: Estimation of the clinical and economic consequences of non-compliance with antimicrobial treatment of XXXX skin infections.

entities_list: @entity72478 :: ('MESH:C516253', 'Chemical') :: ['cefovecin']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanic acid']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['abscesses']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Eight @entity1 , aged 5 to 57 years, with uncontrolled symptomatic @entity591 for 2.5 to 41 years (mean 15) and significant @entity1002 in the absence of any other apparent underlying @entity299 underwent evaluation. Incessant @entity591 was present for 0.5 to 6.0 years (mean 2.1) in 7 @entity1 . One @entity1 had an ectopic @entity591 and 7 @entity1 had an accessory atrioventricular pathway that participated in reciprocating @entity591 . Six @entity1 underwent surgery; the ectopic focus was ablated in 1 @entity1 and an accessory pathway was divided in 5 @entity1 . One @entity1 underwent open ablation of the His bundle and 1 @entity1 underwent closed-chest ablation of the atrioventricular conduction system. Myocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from 5 @entity1 , none of which yielded a specific diagnosis. Pretreatment radionuclide angiography demonstrated a mean ejection fraction (EF) of 19 +/- 9% (range 10 to 35%). Following @entity591 control a marked improvement in LV function was noted in 6 of 8 @entity1 at rest and in 1 additional @entity1 during exercise. The EF increased to 33 +/- 17% (range 16 to 56%) an average of 8 days after treatment and to 45 +/- 15% (range 22 to 67%) at late follow-up 3.5 +/- 40 months (mean 17) later (p less than 0.005). Seven @entity1 remain asymptomatic 11 to 40 months (mean 22) after the corrective procedure and have resumed normal activities. These findings suggest that chronic uncontrolled @entity591 may result in significant @entity1002 , which is reversible in some cases after control of the @entity943 .

title: XXXX -induced cardiomyopathy: a reversible form of @entity1002 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'atrial tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['Tachycardia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd is widely distributed in China and the northern hemisphere, and the most popular medicinal component isolated from Taxus chinensis is @entity1311 ( @entity4045 ), which has now become the first-line chemotherapeutic drug for @entity0 and @entity43 . Oral administration of pure @entity4045 as a potential anti- @entity5 agent is compromised by low bioavailability. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: In the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine, drug co-administration in the form of mixtures or formula could achieve pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic synergies. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there exist any 'inherent' phytochemical synergy from Taxus chinensis extract that could improve @entity4045 bioavailability. STUDY DESIGN: Pharmacokinetic study of @entity4045 after oral administration of Taxus chinensis extracts or single @entity4045 was performed. In addition, comparative cytotoxic studies were carried out on the MCF-7 @entity0 cell lines. METHODS: The plasma concentrations of @entity4045 were determined using a validated high performance chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. The @entity137 was compared using the @entity98 assay. RESULTS: Oral administration of @entity3907 fractions isolated from Taxus chinensis (containing 17.2% @entity4045 ) could achieve remarkably higher blood concentration and systemic exposure of @entity4045 in @entity35 , while the retention of @entity4045 was significantly improved. Further tissue distribution analysis revealed that the penetration of @entity4045 into major tissues was drastically increased compared with that of single @entity4045 . In addition, in MCF-7 cells, the co-existing components in @entity3907 mixtures could strengthen the inhibitory effects of @entity4045 on @entity5 cell proliferation. CONCLUSION: Together, these results support that administration of @entity4045 in the form of @entity3907 mixtures may become a novel approach to improve the poor bioavailability of @entity4045 . Moreover, the inherent synergy from Taxus chinensis @entity3907 extracts promises a novel strategy to strengthen @entity4045 efficacy.

title: Pharmacokinetic synergy from the XXXX extract of Taxus chinensis improves the bioavailability of @entity1311 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity3907 :: (MESH:C080625,Chemical) :: ['taxane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1699 ( @entity1699 ) is a heterogeneous, lethal combination of @entity600 characterized by severe underdevelopment of left @entity299 , resulting in a univentricular circulation. The genetic determinants of this disorder are largely unknown. Evidence of copy number variants (CNVs) contributing to the genetic etiology of @entity1699 and other @entity4297 has been mounting. However, the functional effects of such CNVs have not been examined, particularly in cases where the variant of interest is found in only a single @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Whole-genome SNP microarrays were employed to detect CNVs in two @entity1 cohorts (N = 70 total) predominantly diagnosed with some form of nonsyndromic @entity1699 . We discovered 16 rare or private variants adjacent to or overlapping 20 genes associated with cardiovascular or premature lethality phenotypes in @entity19 knockout models. We evaluated the impact of selected variants on the expression of nine of these genes through quantitative PCR on cDNA derived from @entity1 heart tissue. Four genes displayed significantly altered expression in @entity1 with an overlapping or proximal @entity471 verses @entity1 without such CNVs. CONCLUSION: Rare and private genomic imbalances perturb transcription of genes that potentially affect cardiogenesis in a subset of nonsyndromic @entity1699 @entity1 . Clin Trans Sci 2015; Volume #: 1-8.

title: Transcriptional Impact of Rare and Private Copy Number Variants in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1699 :: ('MESH:D018636', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoplastic left heart syndrome', 'HLHS']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart structures']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity1699 :: (MESH:D018636,Disease) :: ['Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3089 ( @entity3090 ) is a major @entity3978 component of green tea (Camellia sinensis) and demonstrates anti-oxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. @entity3090 has been shown to protect @entity989 ( @entity989 ) against oxidative stress-induced cell death. The pathogenesis of diseases in the retina is usually initiated by local @entity32 at the @entity989 cell layer, and @entity32 is mostly associated with leukocyte migration and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Whether @entity3090 can modulate the cytokine-induced inflammatory response of @entity989 , particularly leukocyte migration, has not been clearly elucidated, and was therefore the objective of this study. @entity1 cells were cultured with different concentrations of @entity310 in the presence or absence of @entity3090 to different time points. Intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) levels were determined. @entity2071 and phosphor-NF-kB and IkB expression were determined by Western blot analysis. Phosphor-NF-kB nuclear translocation and monocyte- @entity989 adhesion were investigated using immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out to further determine the ultrastructure of monocyte- @entity989 adhesion. The results demonstrated that @entity310 modulated inflammatory effects in ARPE-19 by induction of ROS and up-regulation of @entity2071 expression. Moreover, @entity310 -induced phosphor-NF-kB nuclear translocation, increased phosphor-NF-kB expression and IkB degradation, and increased the degree of monocyte- @entity989 adhesion. Pretreating the cells with @entity3090 ameliorated the inflammatory effects of @entity310 . The results indicated that @entity3090 significantly exerts anti-inflammatory effects in @entity1 cells, partly as a suppressor of @entity310 signaling and that the inhibition was mediated via the NF-kB pathway.

title: Green Tea XXXX @entity3089 Attenuates @entity310 -Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Monocyte Adhesion to Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity3978 :: ('CHEBI:26195', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenol']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['Epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1']

answer: @entity3978 :: (CHEBI:26195,Chemical) :: ['Polyphenol']


abstract: A series of investigations was performed in which @entity12751 rested quietly for 40-min and performed aerobic exercise on separate occasions. Blood pressure (BP) and state @entity148 were assessed prior to and following the conditions. In the first experiment, 15 normotensive @entity12751 were assessed during the 3-h following the treatments. The results revealed that state @entity148 and BP were reduced following both conditions. The exercise-induced @entity551 remained significant for 2 to 3 h (P less than 0.05), whereas the @entity551 returned to baseline within 20-min following cessation of quiet rest. The second experiment involved an evaluation of the effects of exercise and quiet rest on 15 pharmacologically controlled hypertensive @entity12751 . A significant @entity551 (P less than 0.05) was observed following exercise and quiet rest. State @entity148 was reduced following quiet rest and exercise (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that exercise and quiet rest have similar effects on state @entity148 , and both conditions are followed by a transitory reduction in blood pressure. These anti- @entity148 effects, however, are sustained for a longer period following exercise.

title: Influence of exercise and quiet rest on state XXXX .

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in systolic BP', 'BP reductions']

answer: @entity551 :: (MESH:D007022,Disease) :: ['anxiety and blood pressure']


abstract: AIM: This study examines the usability and effectiveness of virtual reality in reducing @entity158 in wound-care procedures for pediatric burn @entity1 in Taiwan. BACKGROUND: Virtual reality has continuously gained prominence in the medical arena, for instance, the telepresence for surgery, the management of @entity146 and @entity158 control of the paediatric burn. Notwithstanding an increased application of virtual reality in the medical arena in North America, there have been no studies investigating its use for paediatric burn @entity1 in Asia. METHODS: This descriptive study has two phases: Phase I: the development of a virtual reality prototype. Phase II: the implementation of the prototype to discern its usability and efficacy with paediatric burn @entity1 at a local hospital. RESULTS: The findings suggest that a significant difference is found in the @entity1 's reported @entity158 , with or without the virtual reality intervention, over the three phases: before, during and after the dressing change. However, less @entity158 was noted in the intervention group during and after the dressing change. CONCLUSION: Adding to the existing clinical value of virtual reality identifies the nature of and different @entity1 's responses to @entity158 with the use of virtual reality. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: This study is significant since it demonstrates a difference in the @entity1 's response to @entity158 based on the nature of presence and distraction. Moreover, given the evidence that a decrease in @entity148 was experienced after the dressing change with virtual reality intervention, timing of using the virtual reality intervention before the @entity1 develops conditioning @entity148 and anticipated @entity158 for the procedure would be of importance.

title: Application of a virtual reality prototype for XXXX relief of pediatric burn in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental health disorders']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Growth of embryonic @entity1573 sternal chondrocytes in the presence of @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a potent @entity5 promoter, resulted in a dramatic morphological change from spherical floating cells to adherent fibroblastic cells. This morphological change was accompanied by a quantitative switch from synthesis of cartilage-specific type II procollagen to type I procollagen. Type II procollagen mRNA levels decreased 10-fold in @entity4515 -treated cells. Activation of type I @entity10821 genes led to the accumulation of type I procollagen mRNA levels comparable to those of type II mRNA in these cells. However, only type I procollagen mRNA was translated. In addition to gene activation, unprocessed pro alpha 1(I) transcripts present at low levels in control chondrocytes were processed to mature mRNA species. Redifferentiation of @entity4515 -treated chondrocytes was possible if cells were removed from @entity4515 after the morphological change and cessation of type II procollagen synthesis but before detectable amounts of type I procollagen were synthesized. Production of type I @entity10821 thus marks a late phase of chondrocyte "dedifferentiation" from which reversion is no longer possible. Redifferentiated cell populations contained 24-fold more pro alpha 1(II) @entity10821 mRNA than pro alpha 1(I) @entity10821 mRNA, but the rates of procollagen synthesis were comparable. This suggests that the @entity4515 -mediated dedifferentiation of chondrocytes as well as their redifferentiation is under both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation.

title: @entity10821 expression in embryonic XXXX chondrocytes treated with phorbol myristate acetate.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']


abstract: To allow vaccination irrespective of HLA type, DNA vaccines encoding full-length antigens are required. However, here, we demonstrate that the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines encoding the full-length @entity1082 ) @entity1799 E7 and E6 proteins is highly reduced compared to vaccines encoding only the immunodominant epitope. Furthermore, the low remaining immunogenicity is essentially lost for both E7 and E6 when a nononcogenic "gene-shuffled" variant is utilized. To address these issues, we tested whether alterations in transgene design can restore the immunogenicity of full-length and gene-shuffled DNA vaccines. Remarkably, genetic fusion of E7 with @entity116 toxin fragment C (TTFC) resulted in a dramatic increase in immunogenicity both for the full-length and the gene-shuffled version of E7. Moreover, the TTFC fusion vaccines were more immunogenic than a vaccine encoding a fusion of E7 and mycobacterial @entity1457 protein-70, which has recently been tested in a clinical trial. Interestingly, vaccination with these TTFC fusion vaccines also resulted in extremely persistent T-cell responses. The E7-specific CD8(+) T cells induced by TTFC fusion vaccines were functional in terms of @entity379 production, formation of immunological memory, in vivo cytolytic activity and @entity5 eradication. Finally, we show that genetic fusion with TTFC also improves the immunogenicity of a gene-shuffled E6 DNA vaccine. These data demonstrate that genetic fusion with @entity116 toxin fragment C can dramatically improve the immunogenicity of full-length and gene-shuffled DNA vaccines. The DNA fusion vaccines developed here will be evaluated for the treatment of @entity189 in future studies.

title: Preclinical development of highly effective and safe DNA vaccines directed against XXXX E6 and E7.

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-positive carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1799 :: (333760,Species) :: ['HPV 16']


abstract: Pediatric @entity2249 are rare injuries that are associated with a high risk of @entity2530 of the femoral head. This study compared pediatric @entity1 with fully displaced @entity2249 treated with either open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or @entity6044 ( @entity6044 ). After institutional review board approval was obtained, the authors identified 53 @entity1 who were treated for @entity2249 between 2003 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) diagnosis of a fully displaced @entity2249 with no anatomic cortical contact; (2) age of at least 4 years; and (3) clinical/radiographic follow-up of at least 1 year. Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. Excluded from the study were 16 @entity1 who had @entity174 that were not fully displaced, 4 who were outside of the eligible age range, 1 who had insufficient radiographs, and 10 who had insufficient follow-up. Of the 22 @entity1 included, 6 were treated with ORIF and 16 were treated with @entity6044 . Treatment groups were compared with Fisher's exact test for categorical outcome data and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. There was a significantly (P=.051) greater occurrence of @entity2530 after @entity6044 (50%) than after ORIF (0%). Further, @entity1 who underwent ORIF had a higher (P=.009) quality of reduction, a higher (P=.046) rate of anatomic union, and fewer (P=.009) complications than those who underwent @entity6044 . Major complications occurred in significantly fewer (P=.015) hips after ORIF than after @entity6044 . No significant difference (P=.477) was seen between groups, according to the Ratliff assessment of final results. Fully displaced pediatric @entity2249 treated with ORIF had a significantly higher quality of reduction, with fewer complications, including @entity2530 , than those treated with @entity6044 . [Orthopedics. 2015; 38(11):e983-e990.].

title: Open Reduction of Pediatric @entity2249 Reduces XXXX Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture', 'femoral neck fractures']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity6044 :: ('MESH:D005596', 'Disease') :: ['CRIF', 'closed reduction and internal fixation']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['Osteonecrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In invasive extramammary @entity4261 (EMPD), distant @entity3 may develop and the condition may become fatal; however, no standardized treatment has been established. Although based on only a few cases, several chemotherapy regimens were reported to be promising. We conducted a multicenter, retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1205 for metastatic EMPD. We retrospectively collected data on 18 metastatic EMPD @entity1 treated using @entity1205 from 1998 to 2012 in 12 institutes in Japan. The following clinical data were collected: @entity5 response, time to progression, overall survival and adverse effects. Of those, three @entity1 treated combined with S-1, one @entity1 treated with weekly schedule and one @entity1 treated combined with radiotherapy were excluded from the further analysis. All 13 @entity1 received monthly @entity1205 as the first-line treatment. The average number of treatment cycles was 9.1. Among the 12 @entity1 with a confirmed response, seven (58%) showed a partial response, three (25%) stable disease and two (17%) progressive disease. The disease control rate (partial response + stable disease) was as high as 83%. The time to progression and median overall survival were 7.1 and 16.6 months, respectively. The 1-year overall survival rate determined by the Kaplan-Meier method was 75.0%. All adverse effects were manageable and no treatment-related deaths were observed. The high disease control rate and overall survival shown by this study suggest that first-line use of @entity1205 may be a promising treatment for metastatic EMPD. A prospective clinical trial is required to confirm our results.

title: Usefulness of @entity1205 as first-line chemotherapy for metastatic extramammary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4261 :: ('MESH:D010001', 'Disease') :: ["Paget's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

answer: @entity4261 :: (MESH:D010001,Disease) :: ['Paget's disease']


abstract: The results of surgery for @entity2463 ( @entity2463 ) in 536 @entity1 treated between 1962 and 1993 are presented. Before 1985, @entity1 underwent an abdominoperineal pullthrough for high and intermediate type of @entity2463 , whereas @entity615 or perineoproctoplasty were performed in low type. Since 1985, we have changed our policy and performed a modified posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP) for intermediate type of @entity2463 , eventually combined with an abdominal mobilization for high type. Perineoproctoplasty was reserved for low type of @entity2463 . Data of 143 @entity1 of Group 1 and 85 @entity1 of Group 2 were available for follow-up. Continence was compared using a clinical score. Good or fair continence was found in 82% of @entity1 operated on before 1985 (low type 85% good, 15% fair, intermediate type 17% good, 50% fair, high type 12% good, 37% fair), comparing to 93% in @entity1 treated after 1985 according to the new regimen (low type 88% good, 6% fair, intermediate type 59% good, 35% fair, high type 43% good, 47% fair). Liquid stools and inability to retain bowel contents were the main problem in the older series, whereas @entity322 could often be attributed to constipation with overflow @entity322 in the recently treated group of @entity1 . Analysis of the innervation of @entity292 and distal rectal pouch in a prospective study comprising 40 of our most recent @entity1 showed normal innervation in only 5% of @entity1 , whereas 66% had @entity528 ( @entity528 ) including @entity1963 , @entity20254 and hypoganglionosis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Results in the treatment of XXXX with special regard to the histology of the rectal pouch.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ['aganglionosis']

entities_list: @entity2463 :: ('MESH:C537771', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal malformation', 'ARM']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['cut-back procedures']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal intestinal malformations', 'NIM']

answer: @entity2463 :: (MESH:C537771,Disease) :: ['anorectal malformations']