abstract: In India, physicians analyzed data on 56 @entity1 (18-20 weeks gestation) at the Marie Stopes Clinic in Jodhpur who underwent pregnancy termination to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ethacriding @entity880 which has antiseptic properties. They injected 150 cc 0.1% ethacriding @entity880 into the intrauterine, extra-amniotic space. They used iv infusion of @entity398 to expedite the delivery of the abortus. 59% of cases were unmarried teenagers. @entity16972 induced successful abortion in 92.8% (52) of cases which was much higher than that found in the literature (about 82%). @entity177 occurred in the other 4 cases because of transverse lie of fetus (2), cervical @entity1266 (1), and uterine inertia (1). The transverse lie and cervical @entity1266 cases would have experienced failure regardless of the uterotonic abortifacient used. 3 of the failure cases underwent evacuation while the other underwent hysterotomy. Most @entity1 (73.2%) experienced the abortion 12-24 hours after induction. The mean interval was 20.1 house which was shorter than that of previous reports (29.5-38 hours). The shortest induction-abortion interval was 10.5 hours and the longest was more than 36 hours. Complications occurred in 6 (14.4%) cases. 3 (5.4%) @entity1 suffered from cervical tear. 3 (5.4%) @entity1 experienced incomplete expulsion which was much lower than that reported in the literature (16-30%). On the other hand, the 5.4% incomplete expulsion rate was higher than that for @entity3009 and hypertonic saline. There was 1 case each of severe @entity548 and @entity4551 . The antiseptic properties of @entity16972 likely accounted for the complete absence of @entity295 in these @entity1 . In conclusion, @entity16972 performs better than other instillation abortion methods and it is a safe and effective method.

title: XXXX -- a safe and effective drug for termination of pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Abortion failure']

entities_list: @entity16972 :: ('MESH:D004975', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethacridine lactate', 'ethacridine lactate']

entities_list: @entity4551 :: ('MESH:D022125', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal laceration']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity16972 :: (MESH:D004975,Chemical) :: ['Ethacridine lactate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity1462 is a challenge for physicians and @entity1 . Although different therapeutic options have been described to date, their individual relevance has still to be defined.    METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 61 @entity1 with a @entity1211 ( @entity1211 , mean age 22 years), who were referred to our depart-ment during the last 5years. The size of the @entity1211 was larger than 5 cm in 41 @entity1 (66%). The lower extremities were involved in 45 cases (73%). The most frequent clinical manifestations were recurrent swelling (80%), @entity158 (63%), varicosis (60%) and @entity2268 (39%). MR angiography with venous sequences was always performed before treatment. Depending on the localisation and the extension of the @entity1211 , different techniques of embolisation were selected: foam sclerotherapy or application of synthetic glue by direct punction, coiling of pelvic veins or arterial embolisation with glue. RESULTS: 42 @entity1 (69%) underwent a procedure because of the complaints or the extension of the @entity1211 . An embolisation was performed in 25 @entity1 with 65 interventional sessions. The most frequent technique was foam sclerotherapy (45 ), followed by glue injection (13 ), pelvic -venous coiling (6 ) and arterial embolisation with glue (1 ). Fifteen @entity1 (60%) reported a very good and 8 @entity1 a marked improvement (32%). In two cases there was no change of the complaints. The postinterventional complications were severe @entity158 (n=3) and skin/fat @entity39 at the toe of one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The embolisation of @entity1211 is an effective therapeutic tool. Different techniques can be used to address specific localisations and morphological patterns. The com-plication rate is very low when a step-by-step -approach is used, so that a repeat intervention is feasible. However, a more specific documentation of the post-interventional changes of the @entity1211 is needed before a general recommendation can be given.

title: [The embolisation of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2268 :: ('MESH:D013924', 'Disease') :: ['thrombophlebitis']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VM', 'venous malformation', 'venous malformations']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['congenital, vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1211 :: (MESH:D054556,Disease) :: ['venous malformations']


abstract: We used the standard comet assay successfully to generate in vitro dose-response curves under oxic and @entity519 conditions. We then made mixtures of cells that had been irradiated with 3 and 9 Gy of X-rays to simulate two subpopulations in a @entity5 , but efforts to accurately detect and quantify the subpopulations using the standard comet assay were unsuccessful. Therefore, we investigated a modified comet assay to determine whether it could be used for measuring @entity519 in our model systems. @entity1 cells were grown as @entity5 in athymic @entity19 ; @entity1 and U87 MG cells were grown as intracerebral (i.c.) @entity5 in athymic @entity35 . Animals were injected with @entity28087 , irradiated, and euthanized. @entity5 and normal brains were removed, and the cells were analyzed using a modified comet assay. Differences in comet tail moment distributions between @entity5 and contralateral normal brain, using tail moments at either the 25th or 50th percentile in each distribution, were taken as measures of the degree of @entity5 . For U251 @entity5 , there was a positive relationship between @entity5 size and the degree of @entity519 , whereas preliminary data from U87 MG i.c. @entity5 showed less @entity519 and no apparent relationship between @entity5 size and @entity519 .

title: Detection of XXXX in @entity1 brain tumor xenografts using a modified comet assay.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumor hypoxia', 'MG tumors', 'subcutaneous tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

answer: @entity519 :: (MESH:D000860,Disease) :: ['hypoxia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies reported that @entity1 survive longer than @entity1 , but experience greater @entity137 , when treated for @entity151 ( @entity151 ). METHODS: Individual @entity1 data from six randomized phase II/III chemotherapy trials, from the Manchester Lung Group and UK Medical Research Council, were pooled for analysis. End points included overall survival, response rate, @entity137 , dose intensity (DI) and transfusion rates. RESULTS: Of 1707 @entity1 analyzed, 44% were @entity1 . At baseline, @entity1 had poorer performance status (PS) (57% versus 67% Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group PS 0-1/Karnofsky PS 80-100, P = 0.0004) and more were of normal weight or underweight (57% versus 48%, P = 0.003), but fewer were anemic (25% versus 62%, P < 0.0001). Response rates between @entity1 and @entity1 were similar (77% versus 76%, P = 0.64). In univariate [hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.76-0.96, P = 0.006] and multivariate (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99, P = 0.04) analyses, female sex predicted for longer survival. @entity1 experienced more grade 3/4 emesis (18% versus 9%, P < 0.0001) and grade 3/4 @entity33 (13% versus 8%, P = 0.005) than @entity1 . There were no differences in DI, @entity281 , transfusions or treatment-related @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Data from >1700 @entity1 in randomized @entity151 chemotherapy trials confirm that @entity1 survive modestly longer than @entity1 but may experience greater @entity137 .

title: The strength of female sex as a prognostic factor in XXXX : a pooled analysis of chemotherapy trials from the Manchester Lung Group and Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['SCLC', 'small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 microenvironments present significant barriers to penetration by antibodies and immunoconjugates. @entity5 microenvironments, however, are difficult to study in vitro. Cells cultured as monolayers exhibit less resistance to therapy than those grown in vivo and an alternative research model more representative of the in vivo @entity5 is more desirable. SS1P is an immunotoxin composed of the Fv portion of a mesothelin-specific antibody fused to a bacterial toxin that is presently undergoing clinical trials in @entity2615 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we examined how the @entity5 microenvironment affects the penetration and killing activity of SS1P in a new three-dimensional (3D) spheroid model cultured in vitro using the @entity1 @entity2615 cell line ( @entity1 ) and two primary cell lines isolated from the ascites of @entity3620 @entity1 . Mesothelioma cells grown as monolayers or as spheroids expressed comparable levels of mesothelin; however, spheroids were at least 100 times less affected by SS1P. To understand this disparity in @entity137 , we made fluorescence-labeled SS1P molecules and used confocal microscopy to examine the time course of SS1P penetration within spheroids. The penetration was limited after 4 hours. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in the number of tight junctions in the core area of spheroids by electron microscopy. Expression of @entity5962 , a protein involved in the assembly and sealing of tight junctions and highly expressed in @entity3620 , was found significantly increased in spheroids as compared to monolayers. Moreover, we found that siRNA silencing and antibody inhibition targeting @entity5962 could enhance SS1P immunotoxin therapy in vitro. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This work is one of the first to investigate immunotoxins in 3D @entity5 spheroids in vitro. This initial description of an in vitro @entity5 model may offer a simple and more representative model of in vivo @entity5 and will allow for further investigations of the microenvironmental effects on drug penetration and @entity5 cell killing. We believe that the methods developed here may apply to the studies of other @entity5 -targeting antibodies and immunoconjugates in vitro.

title: The development and characterization of a XXXX @entity2615 in vitro 3D model to investigate immunotoxin therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity850 and @entity432 following upper extremity placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and venous ports. One hundred fifty-four @entity1 who underwent venography of the ipsilateral central veins prior to initial and subsequent venous access device insertion were retrospectively identified. All follow-up venograms were interpreted at the time of catheter placement by one interventional radiologist over a 5-year period and compared to the findings on initial venography. For @entity1 with @entity149 , hospital and home infusion service records and radiology reports were reviewed to determine catheter dwell time and potential alternative etiologies of @entity850 or @entity432 . The effect of catheter caliber and dwell time on development of @entity149 was evaluated. Venography performed prior to initial catheter placement showed that 150 @entity1 had normal central veins. Three @entity1 had @entity850 , and one had central @entity2994 . Subsequent venograms (n = 154) at the time of additional venous access device placement demonstrated 8 @entity1 with occlusions and 10 with stenoses. Three of the 18 @entity1 with abnormal follow-up venograms were found to have potential alternative causes of @entity149 . Excluding these 3 @entity1 and the 4 @entity1 with abnormal initial venograms, a 7% incidence of @entity850 or @entity432 was found in @entity1 with prior indwelling catheters and normal initial venograms. Catheter caliber showed no effect on the subsequent development of @entity149 . @entity1 who developed new or worsened @entity850 or @entity432 had significantly (p = 0.03) longer catheter dwell times than @entity1 without @entity149 . New @entity850 or @entity432 occurred in 7% of @entity1 following upper arm placement of venous access devices. @entity1 with longer catheter dwell time were more likely to develop @entity149 . In order to preserve vascular access for dialysis fistulae and grafts and adhere to Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, alternative venous access sites should be considered for @entity1 with @entity740 and @entity454 .

title: Incidence of @entity850 and XXXX following upper extremity PICC and port placement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['central vein abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusion']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['central vein stenosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusion']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10996 ( @entity10996 ) has several known risk factors. The association between @entity3465 and @entity10996 and the timeline of presentation are poorly defined. Our aim was to evaluate the associations between @entity10996 and @entity3465 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1,074,236 @entity1 born between June 2001 and April 2012 in the US Military Health System. @entity10996 cases and gestational ages (GA) were identified using billing codes. Additional risk factors for @entity10996 were controlled for in a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity10996 was 2.99 per 1,000 in preterm @entity1 and 2.25 per 1,000 in full term (relative risk (RR) = 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16-1.54). The adjusted odds ratio for @entity3465 was 1.26 (95% CI 1.08-1.46). The median (interquartile range (IQR)) chronological age at presentation was 40 d (30-56) in preterm @entity1 vs. 33 d (26-45) in full term (P < 0.001). Median postmenstrual age at presentation was 42   wk in preterm @entity1 (40-42) vs. 45   wk (44-46) in full term (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Prematurity is associated with @entity10996 . Premature @entity1 develop @entity10996 at a later chronological age, but earlier postmenstrual age, than term @entity1 . Providers should have an increased concern for @entity10996 development in premature @entity1 .

title: Association of XXXX with the development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.

entities_list: @entity10996 :: ('MESH:C566730', 'Disease') :: ['IHPS', 'Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

answer: @entity3465 :: (MESH:C536271,Disease) :: ['prematurity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1800 are a major cause of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ) exacerbations. @entity6800 ( @entity6800 ) reacts with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and participates in the immune response after @entity1800 . In the present study, we examined whether cigarette smoke, which is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1030 , enhances mucin production via the @entity470 ( @entity470 ) pathway in airway epithelial cells. METHODS: We studied the effects of @entity1981 ( @entity1981 ) on signal transduction and the production of @entity5089 ( @entity5089 ) in NCI-H292 cells and differentiated primary @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells stimulated with a synthetic dsRNA analogue, @entity14018 [ @entity14018 ], used as a @entity6800 ligand. RESULTS: @entity1981 significantly potentiated the production of @entity5089 in epithelial cells stimulated with poly(I:C). Antibodies to @entity470 or @entity470 ligands inhibited @entity1981 -augmented @entity5089 release in poly(I:C)-treated cells. Treatment with poly(I:C) or @entity1981 alone increased the phosphorylation of @entity470 and @entity3963 ( @entity3963 ). However, after poly(I:C) stimulation, @entity1981 did not enhance @entity470 phosphorylation, but did augment @entity3963 phosphorylation. @entity470 inhibitors and an @entity3963 inhibitor inhibited the augmented release of @entity5089 . In addition, treatment with @entity898 , an antioxidant, inhibited the @entity1981 -augmented phosphorylation of @entity3963 and @entity5089 . CONCLUSIONS: These data show that cigarette smoke increases @entity6800 -stimulated @entity5089 production in airway epithelial cells, mainly via @entity3963 signaling. The effect might be mediated in part by oxidative stress. Modulation of this pathway might be a therapeutic target for viral-induced mucin overproduction in @entity1030 exacerbation.

title: Cigarette smoke augments @entity5089 production via the @entity6800 - XXXX pathway in airway epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity14018 :: ('MESH:D011070', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(I:C)', 'polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['TLR3-epidermal growth factor receptor', 'EGFR']

entities_list: @entity3963 :: ('5594', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinase', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['Viral infections', 'viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity1981 :: ('OMIM:188890', 'Disease') :: ['CSE', 'cigarette smoke extract']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['EGFR']


abstract: A 36-year-old @entity1 was referred with @entity322 and recurrent episodes of @entity2885 . Two years prior to her visit, she underwent transurethral resection of a @entity150 , 5 cm in diameter. Total cystectomy was suggested, as the initial diagnosis was @entity242 . Close re-evaluation of the pathological specimen lead to the final diagnosis of a benign @entity6437 of the bladder as the @entity5 consisted of smooth muscle cells with white blood cell infiltration but without mitotic figures. The @entity5 disappeared during the follow up period. A cystography revealed bilateral vesicoureteral reflux with marked @entity1494 . A cystometry showed @entity1494 and a @entity1494 without detrusor contraction. Neurological examination and a magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord failed to prove the presence of definite @entity16 . She was finally diagnosed with @entity1973 of unknown origin. In this case, she had been suffering from @entity2335 about 6 years before the resection of @entity150 and it was suggested that the occurrence of the @entity1494 would be related with @entity293 due to @entity1973 . @entity322 and @entity293 were controlled successfully with clean intermittent self-catheterization and adequate administration of antimicrobial drugs. @entity3025 was treated with injection of @entity14711 collagen into the ureteral orifices. No @entity5 recurrence has been found up to the present time, 5 years after the resection of @entity150 .

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity6437 of the bladder].

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary incontinence', 'urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor of bladder', 'low compliance bladder', 'trabeculated bladder', 'loss of bladder sensation']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['Vesicoureteral reflux']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['recurrent cystitis']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection', 'chronic urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity1973 :: (MESH:D001750,Disease) :: ['neuropathic bladder']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4854 has been described in severe scorpion @entity5900 , we wanted to analyze if it was applicable to viper bites in @entity1 . AIM: To describe clinical, biological, and therapeutic characteristics of 83 @entity1 bitten by European viper (Vipera spp.) and to confirm that @entity4854 is a risk factor for high-grade @entity5900 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted between 2001 and 2014 in the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary level @entity1 's hospital. Collected data were: age and sex of @entity1 ; day and time of admission; day, time and circumstances of the accident; snake identification; bite location; @entity5900 severity; presence of fang marks; prehospital care; laboratory abnormalities, use of specific immunotherapy, associated treatments; length of stay; hospital course. RESULTS: Eighty-three @entity1 were included (62 @entity1 , 21 @entity1 ). The mean age was 7.4        3.9 years. Bites were most often located on the lower extremities (66%). The classification of @entity5900 was: 83% low grade (absent or minor @entity5900 ) and 17% high grade (moderate to severe @entity5900 ). All high-grade envenomations received specific immunotherapy (Viperfav(TM), (Aventis Pasteur, MSD, Lyon, France). Being bitten on an upper extremity (odds ratio [OR] 51.1 95% class interval [CI] [6.1-424], p   <   0.0001), during the afternoon (OR 13.4 95% CI [1.7-107.9], p   =   0.015), feeling @entity158 (OR 4.2 95% CI [1.1-16.5], p   =   0.023), and high initial plasma @entity413 level (6.5        1.7   mmol/L versus 5.0        0.9   mmol/L, p   =   0.027) were associated with a significant risk of high-grade @entity5900 . CONCLUSION: We have confirmed a potential link between initial @entity4854 and the risk of progression to high-grade @entity5900 as well as its association with other published predictive factors.

title: XXXX is a risk factor for high-grade envenomations after European viper bites (Vipera spp.) in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['violent pain']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5900 :: ('MESH:D012909', 'Disease') :: ['envenomation']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['Hyperglycemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity935 depletion of the striatum is one of the hallmarks of @entity191 . The loss of @entity935 upregulates @entity14019 expression in the striatal projection neurons and causes other changes in the activity of the basal ganglia circuit. METHODS: To normalize the @entity14019 expression in the striatum after @entity935 depletion, we developed several lentiviral vectors that express RNA interference (RNAi) directed against @entity14019 mitochondrial RNA. The vectors were injected into the striatum of hemiparkinsonian @entity35 and the level of @entity14019 protein as well as a marker of neuronal activity, @entity9774 , was analyzed using western blots. RESULTS: Unilateral lesions of the @entity935 neurons in substantia nigra resulted in an increased level of @entity14019 protein in the ipsilateral striatum. Furthermore, we detected significantly higher levels of @entity9774 , after @entity935 depletion in the striatum. Using a lentiviral vectors with a synthetic miRNA scaffold to deliver RNAi, we were able to normalize the @entity14019 protein levels in the @entity191 @entity35 striatum. In addition, we were able to normalize the increased neural activity, which resulted from the loss of @entity935 as measured by the marker @entity9774 . CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RNAi directed against @entity14019 may be a valid approach to correct the dysregulation of the basal ganglia circuit in a @entity35 model of @entity191 . The possibility to correct for a loss of @entity935 using nondopamimetic tools is interesting because it may be more directed towards the casual mechanisms of the motor symptoms.

title: Knockdown of @entity14019 protein levels normalizes neuronal activity in a XXXX model of @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity1 Sertoli cells were grown in a serum-free environment, and the Sertoli cell conditioned medium (hSCCM) was tested for mitogenic activity. The presence of a potent growth factor(s), termed @entity851 ( @entity851 ), in hSCCM was confirmed and supports previous observations based on experiments using @entity35 SCCM. Mitogenicity of hSCSGF was demonstrated in cell proliferation assays with the A431 ( @entity1 @entity957 ) cell line and in [methyl-3H]-thymidine incorporation (DNA synthesis) assays with the @entity19 ( @entity19 embryo fibroblast) cell line. In a dose-dependent manner, hSCSGF stimulated A431 cell growth up to 4-fold over control values (P less than 0.0001) and stimulated @entity1014 incorporation up to 4.5-fold over control values (P less than 0.0002). Importantly, @entity851 stimulated A431 proliferation 2-fold over control values (P less than 0.0002) in the presence of 5% serum. With the exception of @entity35 @entity851 , @entity1 @entity851 is the only growth factor known to stimulate A431 cells. @entity851 also demonstrated epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like activity based upon displacement of EGF from its receptor in a radioreceptor assay. However, @entity851 is not EGF since it is a potent stimulator of A431 cells, whereas EGF is inhibitory. The growth factor was stable to heat, freeze-thaw, acid (pH 3), and trypsin treatment. Furthermore, it did not bind heparin agarose and is thus distinct from the endothelial cell growth factor family. High-pressure liquid chromatography on size exclusion (TSK G2000 SW) columns revealed an approximate size of 8000 daltons. @entity1 @entity851 is a unique growth factor and may play a key role in the regulation of normal spermatogenesis.

title: Partial characterization of a unique growth factor secreted by XXXX Sertoli cells.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['SCSGF', 'Sertoli cell secreted growth factor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: A @entity1 who experienced episodes of @entity1944 caused by Capillaria philippinensis 16 times is presented. The @entity1 was first seen in July 1967 with the @entity8143 and was treated with @entity18884 . He experienced a relapse in October 1967. He was readmitted to the hospital again in 1969, twice in 1971, twice in 1972, twice in 1973, once each in 1975, 1976, three times in 1978 and twice in 1979. During this period he was treated with various dosages of @entity18884 , @entity7400 and @entity7401 . At the final admission he was treated with @entity7400 , 600 mg per day for 49 days, 200 mg per day for 30 days and 100 mg daily for 6 months. The @entity1 was cured and had no further relapses in 5 years. The recommended dosage of @entity7400 is 200 per day for 20 days for new cases and 30 days for relapses. It is advised to over-treat the @entity281 rather than under-treat because of the problem of relapses. Internal autoinfection occurs and it is believed that the drug acts selectively on the adults and not the larval forms of the parasite.

title: An obstinate case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal capillariasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity7401 :: ('MESH:C018945', 'Chemical') :: ['flubendazole']

entities_list: @entity7400 :: ('MESH:D008463', 'Chemical') :: ['mebendazole']

entities_list: @entity8143 :: ('MESH:D063726', 'Disease') :: ['parasitosis']

entities_list: @entity18884 :: ('MESH:D013827', 'Chemical') :: ['thiabendazole']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal capillariasis']


abstract: To investigate whether factors in the fetal or neonatal period influence the risk of later development of @entity66 we conducted a population-based register study. The Swedish Medical Birth Register was linked with the Hospital Discharge Register and identified 3392 singleton @entity1 born in the period 1987-97 who developed @entity66 . Perinatal data for these @entity1 were compared with all @entity1 born in these years. Exposure variables: Maternal age, parity and smoking habits in @entity2099 , @entity1468 , pregnancy duration and birthweight, birthweight by gestational week, Apgar score, neonatal @entity281 , @entity2241 group incompatibility, exchange transfusion, phototherapy. Odds ratios and test-based confidence intervals were calculated. Analyses were made with stratification for year of birth and other risk factors. The risk of developing @entity66 decreased with maternal age and was lower in first-born than in second-born @entity1 . Maternal smoking in @entity2099 was a weak risk factor, as was low birthweight. The most evident risk factors were being exposed to @entity281 (OR = 1.52, confidence limits 1.19: 1.95) and being small for gestational age (OR = 1.45, confidence limits 1.20; 1.75). These risk factors were independent of each other. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that the intrauterine environment, mainly as mirrored by a low birthweight for gestational age and, independently, @entity281 diagnosis, is associated with the risk of developing @entity66 , supporting the idea of a multifactorial aetiology of the disease.

title: @entity66 is associated with intrauterine growth and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal infections', 'neonatal infection', 'icterus, neonatal infections']

entities_list: @entity2099 :: ('MESH:D011254', 'Disease') :: ['early pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['preeclampsia']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['maternal-fetal blood']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['neonatal infections']


abstract: Fibrinolytic treatment of @entity583 with streptokinase and urokinase has now been under investigation for almost 20 years. Initially encouraging reports of beneficial effects of streptokinase were not substantiated by carefully controlled studies performed on coronary care and intensive care units. Studies carried out during the last tne years were characterized by non-uniform trial conditions and results. Similarly, to date no clearly beneficial effects of urokinase could be established. In order to provide more concise analysis, the "European Cooperative Study Group for Streptokinase Treatment in @entity583 " conducted a multi-center controlled trial. @entity1 were allocated to risk-groups. Three-hundred fifteen @entity1 with medium and high risk were randomized to a 24-hour infusion of streptokinase or @entity413 . The overall mortality within six months was significantly lower in the streptokinase group (p less than 0.01) contributed primarily by eight of the eleven centers. Only 13.5% of @entity1 with @entity583 , however, were eligible for the study. Interpretation of the results yielded no indication of the nature of the fibrinolytic effects nor how the benefit could be explained pathophysiologically. Furthermore, it remains questionable whether systemically-administered streptokinase can lyse coronary @entity715 or reduce the size of @entity296 . An indirect effect of streptokinase through lowering of blood viscosity and subsequently, peripheral capillary resistance may represent a theoretical possibility. the indication of routine systemic administration of streptokinase has not yet been established. Recent reports of promising results obtained by direct, intracoronary infusion of thrombolytic agents indicate that this alternative may lead to realization of a specific effect in reduction of coronary @entity715 and, consequently, @entity296 .

title: [Fibrinolytic treatment of XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Severe @entity565 is poorly understood clinically, physiologically and pathologically. Although milder forms of @entity565 are generally easily treated, more severe forms remain refractory to the best current medical care. Both genetic and environmental elements are likely to play an important role in the development of @entity66 . Physiologically, these @entity1 often have air-trapping, airway collapsibility and loss of elastic recoil. The pathology demonstrates a heterogeneity of findings and is based mainly on adult studies. Some @entity1 demonstrate continued eosinophilic @entity32 despite the use of high doses of @entity288 . At least one-third appear to have pathological changes inconsistent with classically described asthmatic pathology. Persistent @entity32 can lead to structural changes involving the airways and perhaps the parenchyma as well. Finally, @entity32 and structural changes appear to exist well into the lung periphery, out of reach of many inhaled medications. The importance of each of these factors in the development of @entity66 probably varies from @entity1 to @entity1 . Understanding the commonalities of the pathology of severe @entity565 should, however, lead to the development of improved therapies.

title: Pathology of difficult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['severe disease']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is critical to follow up @entity157 ( @entity157 ) after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in clinical practice. Computed tomography (CT) is used to assess @entity4831 deposition, whereas it is difficult to @entity5 masked by @entity4831 . In contrast, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to CT in showing @entity5 , but cannot display @entity4831 deposition. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the value of spectral CT imaging in both @entity4831 deposition and @entity5 for @entity157 @entity1 after TACE. @entity1 AND METHODS: Ten @entity157 @entity1 after treated with TACE underwent Discovery CT750 HD and MRI750 3T examination. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of @entity1496 -based material decomposition images, monochromatic images and conventional CT images were generated. RESULTS: Consequently, 30 residual lesions were detected in MRI of 10 @entity1 . They were found in @entity1496 -based images and monochromatic images versus 29 in conventional CT images. The area under ROC curves for the lesion-to-normal parenchyma ratio (LNR) on arterial phase (AP) in @entity1496 -based material decomposition images, monochromatic images and conventional CT images were 0.933, 0.833 and 0.817, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study data highlighted good value of @entity1496 -based material decomposition images of spectral CT in assessment of both @entity4831 deposition and @entity5 for follow-up of @entity157 @entity1 previously treated with TACE.

title: Assessment of @entity4831 Deposition and XXXX for @entity157 After Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization via @entity1496 -Based Material Decomposition Images with Spectral Computed Tomography Imaging: A Preliminary Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['residual cancer', 'assess hypovascular residual cancer']

entities_list: @entity4831 :: ('MESH:D004998', 'Chemical') :: ['lipiodol']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Residual Cancer']


abstract: @entity5 with nasopharyngeal primary location are relatively rare in @entity1 . One of the most frequent paediatric @entity5 in this region is the undifferentiated @entity5 (UCNT). These @entity5 are usually revealed by nasal obstruction, @entity10 or cervical nodal involvement. The nasopharyngeal mass can be discovered during an ear-nose and throat examination and confirmed after medical imaging investigation. Diagnostic is obtained by nasopharyngeal mass or cervical nodal biopsy. This @entity5 has a high chemo and radio-sensibility in @entity1 . Irradiation of the cavum and the nodes areas remains as the reference treatment of this disease. Most paediatric protocols add chemotherapy to radiotherapy. The value of concomitant or adjuvant chemotherapy is still debated in paediatric population. It was shown that the T and N staging at diagnosis determined by the classification @entity2802 is a major prognostic factor. Due to the importance of the loco-regional sequelae after irradiation and the satisfactory global prognosis, the actual trend is a decrease in the total dose of irradiation delivered, particularly for @entity1 with a good response to first chemotherapy. This article sheds light on the particularities of UCNT in paediatric @entity1 .

title: [Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adolescent and XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumour', 'tumours', 'Malignant tumours', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Stem cells uniquely self-renew and maintain tissue homoeostasis by differentiating into different cell types to replace aged or damaged cells [1]. During oogenesis of @entity238 , self-renewal of germline stem cells (GSCs) requires both intrinsic signaling mechanisms and extrinsic signals from neighboring niche cells [2]. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational regulation may also control @entity238 GSC self-renewal [3, 4]. It is unclear, however, whether the miRNA pathway functions within stem cells or niche cells to maintain GSCs. In @entity238 , @entity33321 (Dcr-1) and the double-stranded RNA binding protein @entity46050 ( @entity46050 ) catalyze miRNA biogenesis [3-5]. Here, we generate @entity46050 knockout ( @entity46050 (KO)) flies by ends-out homologous recombination and show that @entity46050 is essential for embryonic viability and ovarian GSC maintenance. Both developmental and miRNA processing defects are rescued by transgenic expression of @entity46050 , but not @entity46050 . Furthermore, mosaic germline analysis indicates that @entity46050 is required intrinsically for GSC maintenance. Consistently, GSCs are restored in @entity46050 mutant ovaries by germline expression, but not somatic expression, of @entity46050 . Together, these results demonstrate that @entity46050 , but not @entity46050 , is necessary and sufficient for @entity238 development and the miRNA pathway. Our study strongly suggests that miRNAs play an intrinsic, but not extrinsic, role in @entity238 female GSC self-renewal.

title: The miRNA pathway intrinsically controls self-renewal of XXXX germline stem cells.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila melanogaster', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: To define the relation between @entity11064 transfer via @entity908 kinase (CK) and the ability of the intact beating heart to do work, we chemically inhibited CK activity and then measured cardiac performance under physiological and acute stress conditions. Isolated perfused @entity35 hearts were exposed to @entity8867 (IA) and subjected to one of three cardiac stresses: hypercalcemic ( @entity141 = 3 mM) buffer perfusion (n = 7), @entity1063 (2 mumol/min) infusion (n = 6), or @entity519 buffer perfusion (n = 5). IA decreased CK activity to near zero, measured in intact hearts by 31P magnetization transfer, and to 2% of control CK activity, measured in myocardial homogenates. The CK isoenzyme profile was unchanged, suggesting nonselective IA inhibition of all isoenzymes. Mitochondria isolated from IA-treated hearts had normal @entity857 :O ratios, state 3 respiratory rates, and unchanged acceptor and respiratory control ratios. Neither actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase nor @entity1920 kinase activities were changed. After IA exposure, end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular developed pressure, and heart rate were unchanged for at least 30 min at physiological perfusion pressures, but large changes were observed during stress conditions. The increase in left ventricular developed pressure induced by hypercalcemic perfusion and by @entity1063 infusion decreased by 39 and 54%, respectively. During @entity519 , the rate of @entity1734 depletion was decreased by 57%, left ventricular developed pressure declined, and end-diastolic pressure increased faster than in controls. These results show that inhibition of CK to < 2% of control activity by IA reduced contractile reserve by approximately 50%. We conclude that CK activity is essential for the expression of the full dynamic range of myocardial performance.

title: Inhibition of the @entity908 kinase reaction decreases the contractile reserve of isolated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity8867 :: ('MESH:D007460', 'Chemical') :: ['iodoacetamide']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity11064 :: ('CHEBI:29315', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoryl']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best method for managing large bone defects during revision knee arthroplasty is unknown. Metaphyseal fixation using porous @entity11608 cones has been proposed for severe @entity604 . Whether this approach achieves osseointegration with low complication rates is unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked: (1) What is the risk of @entity281 in revision knee arthroplasty with large bone defects reconstructed with porous @entity11608 cones? (2) What is the rate of osseointegration with these cones? (3) What is the rate of loosening and reoperation? (4) Is knee function restored? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 27 @entity1 who had 33 @entity11608 cones (nine femoral, 24 tibial) implanted during 27 revision knee arthroplasties. There were 14 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with a mean age of 64.6 years. Preoperative diagnosis was reimplantation for @entity281 in 13 knees, @entity1349 in 10, and wear- @entity3061 in four. @entity1 were evaluated clinically and radiographically using the score systems of the Knee Society and followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 3.3 years; range, 2-5.7 years). RESULTS: One knee with two cones was removed for @entity281 . All but one cone showed osseointegration. One knee was revised for femoral cone and component loosening. There was one reoperation for femoral shaft @entity174 and one for superficial dehiscence. The mean Knee Society @entity158 score improved from 40 points preoperatively to 79 points postoperatively. The mean function score improved from 19 points to 47 points. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest metaphyseal fixation with @entity11608 cones can be achieved. Longer-term followup is required to determine whether the fixation is durable.

title: Can XXXX cones provide fixation in complex revision knee arthroplasty?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity11608 :: (MESH:D013635,Chemical) :: ['tantalum']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN.: Retrospective administrative database analysis. OBJECTIVE.: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of pediatric cervical @entity130 utilizing the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: Pediatric cervical @entity130 (PCSI) is debilitating, but comprehensive analyses have been difficult due to its rarity. There have been a few database studies on PCSI; however, the studies employed databases that suffer from selection bias. METHODS.: The triennial KID was queried from years 2000 to 2012 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Pediatric admissions were divided into five age groups reflecting different developmental stages. PCSI was analyzed in terms of trend, demographics, injury characteristics, hospital characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes variables. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for PCSI among @entity130 admissions and to identify independent risk factors for mortality among PCSI admissions. RESULTS.: Over the past decade, the overall prevalence of traumatic PCSI was 2.07%, and the mortality rate was 4.87%. Most frequent cause of PCSI was transportation accidents, accounting for 57.51%. Upper c- @entity130 (C1-C4), cervical @entity174 with @entity1566 , @entity1566 without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA), and dislocation showed a decreasing trend with age. Some comorbidities, including, but not limited to, fluid and electrolyte disorders, and @entity912 were common across all age groups while substance abuse showed a bimodal distribution. Independent risk factors for PCSI after @entity130 were older cohorts, non-Northeast region, and transportation accidents. For mortality after PCSI, independent risk factors were younger cohorts, transportation accidents, upper c- @entity130 , dislocation, and @entity1566 . Median length of stay and cost were 3.84 days and  14,742. CONCLUSION.: Pediatric @entity1 are highly heterogeneous, constantly undergoing behavioral, environmental, and anatomical changes. PCSI after @entity130 is more common among older cohorts; however, mortality after sustaining PCSI is higher among younger @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Pediatric Cervical Spine and XXXX : A National Database Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries', 'spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether @entity5 are best surgically managed by pancreaticoduodenectomy versus local ampullectomy is controversial. We sought to examine the outcome of @entity1 undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy versus ampullectomy, as well as to identify factors predictive of lymph node @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: Between 1970 and 2007, 450 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection of ampullary @entity652 or @entity420 were identified from a prospective, single-institution database. Data on clinicopathologic factors, morbidity, mortality, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The initial surgical procedure was pancreaticoduodenectomy in 96.7% @entity1 and ampullectomy in 3.3%. Final diagnosis was invasive @entity420 (77.1%) or @entity652 (22.9%). Median @entity5 size was similar for @entity652 associated with an @entity420 (2.5 cm) versus @entity652 without @entity3 (2.9 cm; P=0.71). Morbidity was comparable with pancreaticoduodenectomy (52.2%) versus ampullectomy (33.3%; P=0.15), as was 30-day mortality (pancreaticoduodenectomy, 2.1% versus ampullectomy, 0%; P=0.6). @entity3 to regional lymph nodes was present in 54.5% @entity1 with @entity420 . Factors associated with presence of lymph node @entity3 included @entity5 size > or = 1 cm ( @entity3122 ), poor histologicgrade (OR 4.8), perineural invasion (OR 3.0), microscopic vessel invasion ( @entity27894 ), and depth of invasion > @entity2558 (OR 4.3; all P<0.05). Specifically, risk of lymph node @entity3 increased with T stage (T1, 28.0%; T2, 50.9%; T3, 71.7%; T4, 77.3%; P<0.001). CONCLUSION: When surgery is indicated, radical resection is required for early invasive @entity420 of the ampulla of Vater, as lymph node @entity3 are present in nearly 30% of @entity1 with T1 disease. Pancreaticoduodenectomy should be the preferred approach for most @entity5 that require surgical resection.

title: Clinicopathologic analysis of XXXX in 450 @entity1 : implications for surgical strategy and long-term prognosis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'ampullary neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastatic disease', 'metastases', 'invasive cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['ampullary neoplasms']


abstract: Population blood pressure variation is most likely due to multiple genes. This is likely the reason why monogenic testing with the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene polymorphisms on chromosome 1 (1q42-43), especially @entity7742 , has met with negative results, especially in those of African descent. The RH blood group system, also on chromosome 1 (1 p36.2-34), has likewise been associated with blood pressure variation in African-Americans and with the rise in blood pressure with age in whites. Using a random sample of the population, we investigated the combined effects of single and combined variation of the AGTN @entity7742 and RH genotypes on blood pressure, lipids, and lipoprotein concentrations in Afro-Caribbeans aged 18-60 years from the island nation of Dominica. In monogenic analysis, @entity2178 @entity7742 was not associated with blood pressure. However, it was associated with HDL (MM 42+/-23, MT 44+/-12, TT 52+/-14 (P=0.002)). RH genotype was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.006) and @entity3452 (P=0.003). These effects remained after adjustment for age, gender, weight, and BMI. In the polygenetic analysis, @entity2178 @entity7742 and RH were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (P=0.037; interaction effects, P=0.068). The association of the @entity2178 @entity7742 with blood pressure across RH blood group haplotypes was then tested. Of the five RH haplotypes available for analysis, the @entity2178 @entity7742 was significantly associated with blood pressure within the "D" haplotype (P=0.01). The RH blood group and gender were significantly associated with systolic blood pressure and @entity3452 levels (P=0.005 and 0.012, respectively). All interactions were independent of age and weight. In conclusion, we demonstrate a significant association of @entity2178 @entity7742 with blood pressure and @entity165 metabolism in an Afro-Caribbean population in the "genetic context" of the RH blood group system. Further investigation of these interactions may help understand the effects of genetic factors on cardiovascular risk in African-derived and other populations.

title: XXXX and RH blood group polymorphisms affect blood pressure and lipids in Afro-Caribbeans.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2178 :: (183,Gene) :: ['AGT']


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the importance of local release of autonomic neuromediators when electrical stimuli are applied to the right atrium to measure the @entity955 threshold (AFT). Experiments were performed in 16 open-chest @entity235 anesthetized with @entity4486 . The @entity235 were denervated by bilateral transection of the stellates and cervical vagi. The AFT was determined in 11 @entity235 by delivering either a train of stimuli (14 pulses, 4 ms, 100 Hz) or a single stimulus (10 ms) to the right atrium during its vulnerable period. In eight @entity235 , beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity6839 (0.1 mg/kg) had no effect on the AFT determined with either method. @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg), given after @entity6839 , significantly increased the train-of-pulses AFT from 4.7 +/- 0.4 to 32.3 +/- 4.6 mA (P less than 0.001). The single-pulse AFT increased from 16.5 +/- 1.5 to 17.8 +/- 1.5 mA (P less than 0.05). @entity3897 had a similar effect on the AFT when it was given in the absence of @entity6839 (n = 3). In five additional @entity235 , a monophasic action potential was recorded while a 10-mA train was delivered to the atrium during its absolute refractory period. There was marked shortening of the monophasic action potential duration (55 +/- 6 ms) in the first beat after the train. The shortening was totally abolished by @entity3897 (0.2 mg/kg). The results suggest that a train of stimuli liberates local stores of @entity934 , which cause a shortening of atrial repolarization time and a profound decrease in the current necessary to evoke @entity955 .

title: XXXX release by a stimulus train lowers @entity955 threshold.

entities_list: @entity4486 :: ('MESH:D002698', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-chloralose']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity934 :: (MESH:D000109,Chemical) :: ['Acetylcholine']


abstract: This work was carried out with the intent of developing a method capable of routinely evaluating @entity291 thymus nuclear preparations with the electron microscope. Examination of small random samples, pre-embedded in agar after fixation with @entity14324 , were found to give results comparable to those obtained with much larger samples withdrawn randomly from pellets and embedded and sectioned conventionally. Results obtained by this pre-embedding technique with @entity8697 , @entity3734 , or @entity14324 fixations were equivalent. @entity291 thymus nuclear preparations isolated in @entity969 by the method prevalently used (see 1) are contaminated only slightly with intact cells, to a degree which varies with each preparation. However, intact cells, damaged cells, or nuclei with some cytoplasm constitute together about 30 per cent of the preparation. Particles other than intact cells are not readily distinguishable from one another by light or phase microscope techniques. These preparations can be purified further by centrifuging through a dense sucrose layer. In our hands, however, contamination with some cytoplasm still remains in approximately 10 per cent of the particles. Incubation of the particles prepared without purification procedures, under conditions frequently used, results in the extensive breakdown of particles. Under at least one set of conditions, nuclei are selectively disrupted, leaving primarily damaged cells in the preparation.

title: AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPE STUDY OF XXXX THYMUS NUCLEAR PREPARATIONS ISOLATED IN SUCROSE SOLUTIONS.

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity14324 :: ('MESH:C048856', 'Chemical') :: ['permanganate']

entities_list: @entity8697 :: ('MESH:D000171', 'Chemical') :: ['acrolein']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['CALF']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Investigations regarding @entity4288 of carotid arteries showed an association between increased intima-media thickness and vascular risk factors. A newly developed three-dimensional ultrasound method increases the reproducibility of plaque volume measurements because more exact volume measurements can be performed with a reduction of the disadvantages of two-dimensional measurements. In a pilot study the influence of vascular risk factors on carotid artery plaque progression was examined. METHODS: Volumes of @entity731 plaques in carotid arteries in 54 @entity1 were measured with a three-dimensional ultrasound system during a 12-month period to determine the relationship between progression or regression of plaque volume, vascular risk factors, dose of @entity117 , and flow turbulence in the plaque region. RESULTS: A progression of plaque volume occurred in 67% (36/54) of all plaques. In no plaque was a regression of plaque volume seen. The optimal adjustment of all risk factors showed a significant influence on plaque progression (r = .31). Diastolic blood pressure was the strongest predictor of plaque progression (P < .01), followed by @entity6 (P < .03). Turbulence in the plaque region was found in 78% of the @entity1 in the progression group (n = 36) versus 61% in the nonprogression group (n = 18) but was not significant. Dose of @entity117 (100 mg versus 250/300 mg) had no influence on plaque volume after 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of vascular risk factors reduces the progression of carotid artery plaque volume in three-dimensional ultrasound. The most important factor for plaque progression is a high diastolic blood pressure. Turbulence in the flow pattern and the examined doses of @entity117 showed no significant influence.

title: Influence of vascular risk factors for XXXX carotid artery plaque progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity4288 :: ('MESH:D001161', 'Disease') :: ['arteriosclerosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Rituximab and glucocorticoids are a non-inferior alternative to @entity786 and glucocorticoid therapy for induction of remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated @entity1333 (AAV) @entity1 with moderate @entity8 . The efficacy and safety of this approach in @entity1 with severe @entity8 are unknown. We report the outcomes and safety profile of rituximab and glucocorticoid therapy for induction of remission in @entity1 with AAV and ANCA-negative @entity1333 presenting with severe @entity8 . METHODS: A multicenter, retrospective, cohort study was conducted between 2005 and 2014. @entity1 with new or relapsing disease with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of  <=20 ml/min/1.73 m(2) treated with rituximab and glucocorticoid induction with or without plasmapheresis were included. Fourteen @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcomes were rate of remission and dialysis independence at 6 months. The secondary outcomes were eGFR at 6 months, @entity454 ( @entity454 ), survival rates and adverse events. RESULTS: All @entity1 were Caucasian, and 57% were male. The mean eGFR was 12 ml/min/1.73 m(2) at diagnosis. All @entity1 achieved remission with a median time to remission of 55 days. Seven @entity1 required dialysis at presentation of which 5 @entity1 recovered renal function and discontinued dialysis by 6-month follow-up. The mean eGFR for the 11 @entity1 without @entity454 who completed 6-month follow-up was 33 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Four @entity1 ultimately developed @entity454 , and one died during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with AAV and severe @entity8 achieve high rates of remission and dialysis independence when treated with rituximab and glucocorticoids without @entity786 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Treatment of Severe @entity8 in ANCA Positive and Negative Small XXXX with Rituximab.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1333 :: (MESH:D014657,Disease) :: ['Vessel Vasculitis']


abstract: Molecular techniques can aid in the classification of Biomphalaria species because morphological differentiation between these species is difficult. Previous studies using phylogeny, morphological and molecular taxonomy showed that some populations studied were Biomphalaria cousini instead of Biomphalaria amazonica. Three different molecular profiles were observed that enabled the separation of B. amazonica from B. cousini. The third profile showed an association between the two and suggested the possibility of hybrids between them. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the hybridism between B. cousini and B. amazonica and to verify if the hybrids are susceptible to @entity380 . Crosses using the albinism factor as a genetic marker were performed, with pigmented B. cousini and albino B. amazonica snails identified by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. This procedure was conducted using B. cousini and B. amazonica of the type locality accordingly to Paraense, 1966. In addition, susceptibility studies were performed using snails obtained from the crosses (hybrids) and three @entity383 strains (LE, SJ, @entity1582 ). The crosses between B. amazonica and B. cousini confirmed the occurrence of hybrids. Moreover, hybrids can be considered potential hosts of @entity383 because they are susceptible to LE, SJ and @entity1582 strains (4.4%, 5.6% and 2.2%, respectively). These results indicate that there is a risk of introducing schistosomiasis mansoni into new areas.

title: Hybridism between Biomphalaria cousini and Biomphalaria amazonica and its susceptibility to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because atypical @entity5606 (ATRT) is a rare disease of infancy carrying a grim prognosis, focus on long-term outcome, especially neurocognitive remained very limited. With new era of multimodality therapy, an increasing proportion of @entity1 are now long-term survivors. PROCEDURE: Retrospective review of neuropsychological (NP) status of survivors from the Canadian ATRT registry. RESULTS: Among 77 @entity1 diagnosed between 1995-2012, 16(22%) were survivors. Formal NP assessments were available in eight @entity1 . Partial information on academic achievement was available on three additional @entity1 . There were four @entity1 and seven @entity1 diagnosed at a median age of 27.5 months. Seven @entity1 underwent complete resection and three had @entity3 . All but one received sequential high dose chemotherapy. Five @entity1 received intrathecal chemotherapy. Three @entity1 underwent radiation. Median age at time of formal NP assessment was 7.6 years (3.9-9.8). Full Scale Intellectual Quotient (FSIQ) ranged from less than 50-119 (mean 78). Simple expressive and receptive language appeared relatively preserved. Three recently diagnosed @entity1 (median time assessment from diagnosis 2.6 years (1.6-4.7)) had average to high average FSIQ, @entity227 . Five other @entity1 diagnosed earlier and tested at a median time of 4.9 years (3.3-8.3) post-diagnosis had a FSIQ ranging from <50 to 71. Approximately 50% of their scores were in the impaired range. CONCLUSION: Overall this cohort appears significantly impaired at school age despite the absence of systematic radiotherapy. Larger series focusing on neurocognitive outcome are needed in the current context where treatment strategies include adjuvant radiation. Pediatr @entity5    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Neurocognitive evaluation of long term survivors of atypical XXXX (ATRT): The Canadian registry experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['academic and visual spatial skills, visual, and verbal memory']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Blood Cancer']

entities_list: @entity5606 :: ('MESH:D018335', 'Disease') :: ['teratoid rhabdoid tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5606 :: (MESH:D018335,Disease) :: ['teratoid rhabdoid tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Probiotics are increasingly used for prevention and treatment of @entity294 more in @entity1 than in adults. Given the broad spectrum of @entity294 , this review focuses on the main etiologies: @entity697 , antibiotic-associated @entity294 (AAD), and @entity3166 ( @entity3166 ). For each, we reviewed randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines. For @entity697 we found 12 guidelines: 5 recommended probiotics and 7 did not. However, the guidelines containing positive recommendations provided proof of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses. @entity1905 (LGG) and @entity375 boulardii had the most compelling evidence of efficacy as they reduced the duration of the disease by 1 day. For AAD 4 meta-analyses were found, reporting variable efficacy of probiotics in preventing @entity294 , based on the setting, @entity1 's age, and antibiotics. The most effective strains were LGG and S. boulardii. For @entity3166 , we found 3 randomized controlled trials, 5 meta-analyses, and 4 position papers. Probiotics reduced the risk of @entity3166 and mortality in preterm babies. Guidelines did not support a routine use of probiotics and asked for further data for such sensitive implications. In conclusion, there is strong and solid proof of efficacy of probiotics as active treatment of @entity1902 in addition to rehydration. There is solid evidence that probiotics have some efficacy in prevention of AAD, but the number needed to treat is an issue. For both etiologies LGG and S. boulardii have the strongest evidence. In @entity3166 the indications are more debated, yet on the basis of available data and their implications, probiotics should be carefully considered.

title: Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity3166 :: ('MESH:D020345', 'Disease') :: ['NEC', 'NEC enterocolitis', 'necrotizing enterocolitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces']

entities_list: @entity1905 :: ('568703', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG']

answer: @entity294 :: (MESH:D003967,Disease) :: ['Diarrhea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Current hypotheses postulate a relationship between @entity409 and freezing of gait ( @entity6556 ) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). Hitherto, most evidence comes from entirely clinical approaches, while knowledge about this relationship on the morphological level is sparse. The aim of this study was therefore to assess the overlap of gray matter @entity194 associated with @entity6556 and @entity409 in @entity191 . We included 18 @entity191 @entity1 with @entity6556 and 20 without @entity6556 in our analysis. A voxel-based morphometry approach was used to reveal voxel clusters in the gray matter which were associated with @entity6556 and @entity409 as measured by the Frontal Assessment Battery, respectively. Conjunction analysis was applied to detect overlaps of the associated patterns. @entity6556 correlated with different cortical clusters in the frontal and parietal lobes, whereas those associated with the @entity1334 scores were, although widespread, widely confined to the frontal lobe. Conjunction analysis revealed a significant cluster of gray matter loss in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We could show that the patterns of @entity179 associated with @entity6556 and @entity409 (as measured by the @entity1334 ) share atrophic changes in the same cortical areas. However, there is also a considerable number of cortical areas where neurodegenerative changes are only unique for either sign. Particularly, the involvement of parietal lobe areas seems to be more specific for @entity6556 .

title: Do @entity409 and freezing of gait in XXXX share the same neuroanatomical correlates?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['executive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate an association between saprophytic @entity364 occurring at the bronchial @entity254 (BA) and the development of additional complications arising at this site. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: University lung transplant center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of all single-lung and double-lung transplant (LTX) recipients who underwent transplantation between June 1993 and December 2000. All recipients were subjected to surveillance bronchoscopy with biopsy at predetermined intervals and when clinically indicated. Bronchial wash fluid and biopsy material were examined using appropriate fungal stains and culture techniques. An @entity281 was defined when fungal organisms were identified in tissue specimens. RESULTS: Fifteen saprophytic @entity364 involving the BA were identified in 61 LTX recipients (24.6%) who survived a minimum of 75 days post-transplantation. Infections were attributed to Aspergillus sp (n = 9), Candida sp (n = 2), @entity20544 sp (n = 1), and mixed flora (ie, Penicillium + Candida, two @entity1 ; and Aspergillus + Candida, one @entity1 ). @entity364 occurred by a median of postoperative day 35 (range, 13 to 159 days). Airway complications involving the BA ultimately developed in 11 of 61 recipients (18%). These complications included symptomatic @entity850 (nine @entity1 ), @entity17593 (one @entity1 ), and fatal @entity548 (one @entity1 ). Bronchial complications arose in 7 of 15 recipients (46.7%) with saprophytic @entity364 of the BA in contrast to 4 of 46 (8.7%) without @entity281 (p = 0.003, Fisher exact test). Also demonstrated was a positive correlation between @entity281 and bronchial complications (Phi coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.001), while logistic regression analysis revealed that the absence of @entity281 predicted the absence of such complications (p = 0.002). The risk of developing an additional complication following an @entity281 in @entity1 with @entity281 was five times that of those recipients without an @entity281 (relative risk, 5.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82 to 15.79). The odds in favor of a @entity2488 following an @entity281 were eight times greater than in those recipients without @entity281 (odds ratio, 8.31; 95% CI, 1.96 to 35.16). CONCLUSIONS: Following LTX, saprophytic @entity364 of the BA are associated with serious airway complications.

title: @entity364 and complications involving the bronchial @entity254 following XXXX lung transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity2488 :: ('MESH:D001982', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial complication']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity17593 :: ('MESH:D055091', 'Disease') :: ['bronchomalacia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic infections', 'infection', 'infections', 'anastomotic infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'Saprophytic fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity20544 :: ('MESH:C536972', 'Disease') :: ['Torulopsis']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial stenosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity683 virus isolates after cell culture are required to determine their susceptibility to @entity689 inhibitors, the differences in normal or low-susceptibility variant population frequencies between clinical samples and isolates have not been considered. OBJECTIVES: To identify variations in low-susceptibility populations in clinical samples after initiation of @entity684 and @entity685 therapy by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). STUDY DESIGN: We measured the populations of the low-susceptibility @entity683 H3N2 variants @entity43739 and @entity39723 by qRT-PCR using 305 nasal aspiration samples collected over time from 13, 16, and 11 @entity1 treated with no @entity689 inhibitors, @entity684 , and @entity685 , respectively. The variant population in the isolates was also determined when the population of low-susceptibility variants in the clinical samples increased following treatment. Moreover, the susceptibility of all isolates was measured. RESULTS: The @entity43739 variant was detected in only one @entity1 during @entity684 therapy, exhibiting decreased susceptibility to @entity684 . Prior to treatment, @entity39723 variants were detected in all clinical samples; however, they comprised only a small fraction of the total population. The proportion of the @entity39723 variant in clinical samples increased for 6/27 (22.2%) @entity1 treated with @entity684 or @entity685 , whereas an increase in the proportion of the @entity39723 variant in virus isolates was observed in only one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Discrepancies in the proportion of @entity39723 variants between clinical samples and isolates should be suspected in clinical settings. qRT-PCR is useful for quantitative analysis of drug-resistant @entity683 virus and for immediate notification of the result.

title: Quantitative analysis of @entity683 (H3N2) XXXX and @entity39723 variants in clinical specimens by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity684 :: ('MESH:D053139', 'Chemical') :: ['oseltamivir']

entities_list: @entity685 :: ('MESH:D053243', 'Chemical') :: ['zanamivir']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza A']

answer: @entity43739 :: (p|SUB|E|119|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['E119V']


abstract: Rosette strain gauges were applied to the @entity1641 radius and tibia. Three sites were examined on each bone on separate occasions (proximal metaphysis, middiaphysis, and distal metaphysis). At each site, 4 rosette gauges were applied around the bone (ie, cranial, caudal, medial, and lateral). Strain recordings were made while walking the @entity1641 with and without a full-limb plaster cast. The principal @entity2270 of tensile strain was on the craniolateral aspect of the radius. Distally, on the radius, the largest strains were torsional. The cast changed the principal @entity2270 of tensile strain on the radius from the craniolateral surface to the caudal surface. The principal tensile strain of the tibia was just to the lateral side of cranial in the proximal and diaphyseal regions. Distally, the principal @entity2270 of tensile strain was craniolateral; however, the largest strains measured here were torsional. The cast changed the principal @entity2270 of tensile strain on the distal metaphysis of the tibia, but it did not reduce the magnitude of the strains measured. Casts may not aid stabilization of radial or @entity174 repaired with internal fixation and may in fact place additional stress on the @entity174 site.

title: Multidirectional in vivo strain analysis of the XXXX radius and tibia during dynamic loading with and without a cast.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['tibial fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: @entity29654 ( @entity29654 ; ECyd), a @entity14165 analog, has a potent cytotoxic activity against @entity5 cells. We have investigated the @entity5 induced by ECyd, focusing on its molecular mechanisms. In ECyd-treated cells, @entity30615 is activated and involved in @entity4675 ( @entity4675 ) phosphorylation, followed by induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The mechanism of @entity4675 phophorylation by @entity30615 was unknown. To investigate the mechanism, we performed the identification of @entity30615 -binding partners by proteomic approach using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. We found that @entity30615 was associated with a protein (we named it Protein-190). At the same time, we observed that Protein-190 was amply phosphorylated. Furthermore, the participation of Protein-190 in the ECyd-induced apoptosis was supported by a knockdown experiment using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Thus, the number of ECyd-induced apoptotic cells was drastically decreased when Protein-190 was knocked-down. These results indicated Protein-190 as a regulator in apoptosis, and provide the possibility for a new clinical target in @entity5 chemotherapy.

title: Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-cell death', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29654 :: ('MESH:C103084', 'Chemical') :: ['1-(3-C-Ethynyl-beta-D-ribo-pentofuranosyl)cytosine', "3'-Ethynylcytidine"]

entities_list: @entity14165 :: ('CHEBI:18254', 'Chemical') :: ['ribonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity4675 :: ('5599', 'Gene') :: ['JNK', 'c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase']

answer: @entity29654 :: (MESH:C103084,Chemical) :: ['3'-ethynylcytidine']


abstract: Chronic effects of @entity3371 were studied in 29 @entity1 (age, 4 months to 16 years; mean, 6.9 years) suffering from digitalis and diuretic resistant @entity712 ( @entity712 ) or @entity101 of different etiology. Twenty two @entity1 with @entity712 (13 dilated, 4 @entity296 , 5 @entity4297 ) and 7 cases with @entity101 were treated for 1 to 31 months (mean, 9 months). The dose of @entity3371 varied from 1 to 3 mg/kg/day (mean, 2.2 mg) in @entity712 and from 1.1 to 6.8 mg/kg/day (mean, 3.7 mg) in @entity101 . In @entity712 digoxin therapy was maintained while the dose of diuretics could be reduced or discontinued. In 4 severely @entity101 @entity1 the addition of a diuretic or beta blockers was necessary. In @entity712 clinical improvement was observed in 13 @entity1 (59%), while there was no response in 4 and 5 @entity1 died. The survivors exhibited a significant decrease of the cardiothoracic index (p less than 0.05), the PEP/LVET ratio (p less than 0.05) and an increase of the echocardiographic linear ejection fraction (p less than 0.001). If @entity101 was present, blood pressure decreased in all @entity1 (p less than 0.05). @entity3371 was well tolerated by all @entity1 except one who developed @entity417 . This side effect disappeared after having discontinued the drug. These findings suggest that @entity3371 is of benefit in controlling chronic @entity712 . @entity3371 alone or in combination with other drugs is effective in the management of severe @entity101 .

title: Indications and effects of XXXX therapy in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['restrictive cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['Captopril', 'captopril']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart defects']

answer: @entity3371 :: (CHEBI:3380,Chemical) :: ['captopril']


abstract: @entity1032 is an important factor affecting cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) test on hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity741 , and compared the hemodynamic responses with a treadmill exercise test. Fifteen @entity1 were studied. Seven had old @entity583 with significant @entity3979 (group I) and 8 had @entity662 with non-significant @entity3979 (group II). The @entity1032 test was performed as follows: after memorizing 6 random numeral digits, @entity1 repeated these numbers in reverse order for 5 min followed by serial subtraction of 1000 minus 17 for 5 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 1-5 min. Doppler mitral flow velocity (MFV) was recorded every 2-5 min. During the @entity1032 test, BP, HR, and rate pressure product increased by 38.3%, 17.3%, and 62.1% on average, respectively. Early diastolic MFV decreased by 10.0% in group I and 3.3% in group 11. First third filling rate of MFV decreased by 32.3% in group I and 22.8% in group II. A/E ratio increased by 39.3% in group I and 25.8% in group II. These data indicate that the @entity1032 test led to a deterioration in LV diastolic function. The @entity1032 test induced LV @entity67 to a greater extent in @entity1 with significant @entity3979 than in those without significant @entity3979 . @entity741 may be induced by increased left ventricular afterload and/or vasoconstrictive reflex of coronary microcirculation.

title: Effect of mental stress on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in XXXX with @entity741 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental stress', 'mental calculation stress', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) @entity1 are underrepresented in major trials for this disease. We aimed to explore the outcome of @entity463 @entity1 treated with concurrent and adjuvant @entity2903 ( @entity2904 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 23 @entity1 of @entity463 treated from 2004 to 2010 were included in this retrospective analysis. Adjuvant therapy included conformal radiation 60 gray at 2 gray/fraction daily over 6 weeks with concurrent @entity2904 75 mg/m(2) followed by six cycles of adjuvant @entity2904 150-200 mg/m(2) (day 1-5) every 4 weeks. Kaplan-Meier estimates of @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were determined. Univariate analysis with log-rank test was used to determine the impact of prognostic variables on survival. RESULTS: Median age at presentation was 11.5 years (range: 7-19 years) and M:F ratio was 15:8. All @entity1 underwent maximal safe surgical resection; 13 gross total resection and 10 sub-total resection. At a median follow-up of 18 months (range: 2.1-126 months), the estimated median @entity1349 was 41.9 months. The estimated median @entity1349 for @entity1 receiving only concurrent @entity2904 was 8 months while that for @entity1 receiving concurrent and adjuvant @entity2904 was 41.9 months (P = 0.081). Estimated median @entity1349 for @entity1 who did not complete six cycles of adjuvant @entity2904 was 9.5 months versus not reached for those who completed at least six cycles (P = 0.0005). Other prognostic factors did not correlate with survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows the benefit of @entity2904 for @entity463 @entity1 . Both concurrent and adjuvant @entity2904 seem to be important for superior @entity1349 in this group of @entity1 .

title: Outcomes of @entity463 treated with adjuvant chemoradiation with XXXX and correlation with prognostic factors.

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['Pediatric glioblastoma', 'pGBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['temozolomide']


abstract: The Purpose of the Paper. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected parameters of mandible movements, electronically registered in @entity1 with @entity1348 and healthy ones. Material. Function test of the mandible movements was conducted in 175 @entity1 . Gender distribution was 143 @entity1 and 32 @entity1 , aged 9 to 84. Methods. The studied population, after accurate clinical examination, was divided into age groups with the range of five years. All the @entity1 had Zebris JMA computerized facebow examination done, according to the generally accepted principles and procedures. Results. Mean values of mouth opening calculated to 45.6   mm in healthy group and 37.6   mm in @entity1348 dysfunction group. Mean length of condylar path amounted to 39    7% of the maximum value of mouth opening in the group of healthy @entity1 , 44    11% in the case of muscle-based disorders, and 35    11% with joint-based. The mean value of the condylar path inclination oscillated in the range of 25   to 45  . Conclusions. The ratio of length of the condylar path to the size of mouth opening may be a significant value characterising the type and degree of intensification of the @entity2956 .

title: Assessment of the XXXX Dysfunction Using the Computerized Facebow Analysis of Selected Parameters.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['TMJ dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1348 :: ('MESH:D013706', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular joint dysfunction', 'TMJ']

answer: @entity1348 :: (MESH:D013706,Disease) :: ['TMJ']


abstract: CONCLUSION: Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 and inability to feed orally were problematic for @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy (BRT) as well as @entity902 -based chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Severe @entity33 / @entity3136 and @entity20787 should be addressed carefully in @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT as well. OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of cetuximab-based BRT in locally advanced head and neck @entity957 has been established. However, the safety of cetuximab-based BRT in comparison with @entity902 -based CRT is currently under investigation. METHOD: This study retrospectively analyzed 14 @entity1 undergoing cetuximab-based BRT and 29 @entity1 undergoing @entity902 -based CRT to compare the incidence of acute @entity137 . In the BRT group, an initial cetuximab loading dose of 400 mg/m(2) was delivered 1 week before the start of radiotherapy. Seven weekly infusions of 250 mg/m(2) of cetuximab followed during the definitive radiotherapy. In the CRT group, @entity900 was administered at a dose of 40 mg/m(2) weekly during the definitive radiotherapy. RESULTS: The BRT group had a higher incidence of Grade >=  3 @entity20787 than did the CRT group (43% vs 3%, respectively, p < 0.01). The incidence rate of Grade >=  3 @entity33 / @entity3136 was 64.3% and 41.4% in the BRT and CRT group, respectively (p = 0.1484), while the incidence rate of the inability to feed orally was 38.5% and 55.2%, respectively (p = 0.2053).

title: Comparison of acute @entity137 associated with cetuximab-based bioradiotherapy and XXXX -based chemoradiotherapy for head and neck @entity957 : A single-institution retrospective study in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiation dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity902 :: (MESH:D010984,Chemical) :: ['platinum']


abstract: AIM: To evaluate whether integrated treatment (given by OPUS), in comparison with standard treatment, significantly reduced the number of @entity1 with @entity734 and improved clinical and social outcome in the group of substance abusers after 2 years. METHODS: A total of 547 @entity1 with first-episode @entity161 -spectrum disorders were included in the study, 275 randomly assigned to OPUS treatment and 272 to standard treatment. OPUS treatment consisted of assertive community treatment with family involvement and social skills training. Standard treatment offered contact with a community mental health centre. Main outcome measure was reduction in comorbid @entity734 . RESULTS: At 2-year follow up, 42 (17.3%) @entity1 from OPUS and 40 (20.7%) @entity1 from standard treatment met criteria for @entity734 (odds ratio=0.5, 95% confidence interval 0.3-1.0). OPUS treatment compared with standard treatment significantly reduced negative and disorganized symptoms in the substance abuser group. @entity1 with @entity734 in the OPUS treatment spent significantly fewer days in hospital during the 2-year period than @entity1 given standard treatment (109 days vs. 167 days) and adhered to treatment significantly more often. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this trial indicate that integrated treatment given by OPUS reduced @entity734 and improved clinical outcome in the substance abuser group. Supplementing the OPUS treatment with therapeutic programmes for @entity1 with a comorbid @entity734 would probably further improve outcome.

title: @entity734 and first-episode XXXX -spectrum disorders. The Danish OPUS trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The features of childhood @entity71 ( @entity71 ) are significantly associated with adult @entity1316 . Some genetic factors may be common to both @entity71 and @entity1316 underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the @entity750 transporter-linked polymorphic region ( @entity16068 ) in the childhood @entity71 features of adult @entity1 with @entity1316 . METHODS: The present study included 232 @entity1 with @entity308 ( @entity308 ), 154 @entity1 with @entity162 ( @entity162 ), and 1,288 normal controls. Childhood @entity71 features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K). The total score and the scores of three factors ( @entity23 , inattention, and mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the @entity16068 genotype. RESULTS: In the @entity162 group, the @entity16068 genotype was significantly associated with the total score (p=0.029) and the @entity23 factor (p=0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the @entity16068 genotype. @entity162 , @entity308 and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the @entity16068 genotype. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the @entity16068 genotype may play a role in the @entity23 component of childhood @entity71 in @entity1 with @entity162 . Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to determine any common genetic links.

title: Association between the XXXX Genotype and Childhood Characteristics in @entity1316 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['BPD type II', 'bipolar disorder', 'BPD', 'BPD type I']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['MDD', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['mood disorders']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['impulsivity']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity16068 :: (6532,Gene) :: ['5-HTTLPR']


abstract: We describe a case of minute @entity1124 featuring @entity850 of the main pancreatic duct ( @entity14501 ) and associated with histological findings of periductal @entity2652 and fibroblast proliferation. A 53-year-old Japanese @entity1 with preoperative radiological evidence of @entity14501 stricture and dilation of the distal @entity14501 , and suspected of having @entity788 , underwent successful resection. Neither radiological nor macroscopic examination directly disclosed any @entity5 , and a small focus of @entity189 (8 x 8 mm) was only revealed on microscopic examination. The @entity5 was a poorly differentiated, @entity420 that had invaded the intrapancreatic nerves and veins. Interestingly, the @entity14501 located at the edges of the @entity5 had not been destroyed by the @entity189 , but its wall had been thickened by elastic tissue and fibroblast proliferation, resulting in @entity850 . The peripheral pancreas exhibited @entity788 . To date, the detection of small @entity788 masses using imaging procedures remains difficult, and most @entity1 are diagnosed on the basis of pancreatic ductal changes. However, the published work on small @entity788 contains little information about the histological features of the affected @entity14501 . The present findings suggest that @entity14501 strictures are not always provoked by destruction or filling with @entity5 cells, and that they can be caused by periductal @entity2652 and fibroblast proliferation in a minute @entity189 . Such changes in the @entity14501 may therefore be of clinical importance in the detection of early stage @entity5 .

title: Minute @entity788 presenting with XXXX of the main pancreatic duct.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['secondary obstructive pancreatitis', 'pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic tumor', 'pancreatic cancers']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['elastosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumorous lesions', 'tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['invasive ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']