abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity5 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity5 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity43 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity1722 / @entity19601 antibodies against @entity470 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity1722 / @entity19601 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity43 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity43 , depending on the antibody used. @entity470 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity5 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity19601 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity43 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity1722 and @entity470 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity1722 and @entity470 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity43 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity5 coexpress both @entity1722 and @entity470 .

title: Coexpression of the @entity1722 gene product, p185HER-2, and @entity470 , p170EGF-R, on XXXX and normal tissues.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian epithelia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancers']


abstract: @entity14407 is an @entity8304 derivative which possesses a broad spectrum antimycotic activity, including activity against @entity5132 . Its therapeutic activity and tolerability have been evaluated, in a double-blind clinical trial versus @entity1449 , in 54 @entity1 affected by mycologically confirmed symptomatic @entity365 . Both drugs were administered intravaginally as a cream once a day for 7 days. Assessment was by laboratory mycological investigations and symptomatic evaluation. @entity1 'cured' at the end of the trial were re-evaluated after 4-6 weeks for possible relapses. Both treatments resulted in a progressive, statistically significant @entity304 (itching and discharge) and in elimination of Candida in more than 95% of @entity1 . When 'cured' @entity1 were reassessed 4-6 weeks after therapy, relapses occurred in four @entity1 after @entity14407 treatment, but in none following @entity1449 treatment. This apparent difference between treatments is far from being statistically significant and, therefore, may have been a chance occurrence. It should also be noted that @entity1 from the @entity14407 group had a previous history of significantly more frequent episodes of @entity7553 suggesting that they may have been at greater risk of re-infection than @entity1 from the control group. The tolerance of both treatments was excellent since no local or systemic signs or symptoms of @entity137 were reported. An equally high efficacy and safety for both drugs in the elimination of symptoms and objective evidence of @entity365 is indicated.

title: Effect of @entity14407 in XXXX : a double-blind clinical trial versus @entity1449 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1449 :: ('MESH:D003022', 'Chemical') :: ['clotrimazole']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in vaginal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity14407 :: ('MESH:C033486', 'Chemical') :: ['fenticonazole', 'Fenticonazole']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal candidiasis']

answer: @entity365 :: (MESH:D014627,Disease) :: ['vaginal candidiasis']


abstract: Clinical and statistical observations were made on a group of 438 @entity1 who had worked with @entity17072 ( @entity16748 , @entity27839 , @entity72746 and @entity10231 ) with reference to their carcinogenic properties in the urinary tract. @entity3484 developed in 68 (15.5%), with an average latent period of 22 years and 11 months. In these 68 cases, @entity3484 were found in 16 cases, 8 of which had bilateral lesions. The average age of onset was 48.1 ranging from 24 to 79. The incidence of @entity5 increased with the length of exposure to the @entity4478 . There was no finding that smoking habit increased the incidence of @entity5 in this group. Of the 49 new @entity1 with @entity150 , urine cytology was positive in 24 (49.0%) and suspicious of @entity5 in 10 (20.4%), respectively. This indicated that it could be a useful screening test. Transurethral surgery was most frequently performed as an initial treatment. Recurrence occurred in 50 cases (73.5%), but 5-, 10- and 20-year-survival rates were 89.0 79.3 and 64.7%, respectively, showing a good prognosis. @entity5 in other organs developed in 18 (4.1%) of the 438 workers. The incidence of such @entity5 was significantly higher in the workers who had been exposed to @entity27839 than in others. Our data indicate that close observation is still necessary for early detection of @entity1 with new or recurrent @entity189 in this group.

title: [ @entity189 related to exposure to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract tumors', 'upper urinary tract tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'Malignant tumors', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity72746 :: ('MESH:D015057', 'Chemical') :: ['1-naphthylamine']

entities_list: @entity27839 :: ('MESH:D015081', 'Chemical') :: ['2-naphthylamine']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity10231 :: ('MESH:D003962', 'Chemical') :: ['dianisidine']

entities_list: @entity16748 :: ('MESH:C029876', 'Chemical') :: ['benzidine']

answer: @entity17072 :: (CHEBI:33860,Chemical) :: ['aromatic amines']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary objective is to document the first case report of @entity1512 after a lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection. The second objective is to analyze the case report literature to identify clinical features and trends of @entity1 with @entity166 after spinal injections. DESIGN: Single case report. A MEDLINE and EMBASE literature search was conducted using key words from the names of commonly performed spinal procedures, including epidural corticosteroid, selective nerve root, transforaminal epidural, facet joint, and sacroiliac joint injections. SETTING: Pain medicine clinic at a tertiary medical center. @entity1 : A 64-year-old @entity1 with an 8-year history of left lower extremity @entity158 and recurrent @entity358 was referred for a lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection. Six weeks following the injection, the @entity1 returned with a 4-week history of worsening right-sided @entity158 without associated recurrent @entity55 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right-sided L5-S1 disc extrusion with @entity1512 and a right L5-S1 discectomy was performed. Cultures of disc material and blood showed growth of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, and a transesophageal echocardiogram showed no evidence of @entity884 . The @entity1 received 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and he had symptomatic recovery at 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Including our @entity1 , the literature search identified 27 case reports of @entity166 . Similar clinical features and significant trends were evident in five categories including predisposing factors, symptom presentation, diagnostic evaluation, etiological organisms, and treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The identified clinical features and trends could prove useful to the practitioner when an infectious complication is suspected or has occurred.

title: XXXX after lumbar epidural corticosteroid injection: a case report and analysis of the case report literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infections']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinous pain', 'radicular pain']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity1512 :: (MESH:D015299,Disease) :: ['Discitis']


abstract: Intramedullary fixation is used increasingly to treat @entity174 . Anatomical variations in the clavicle of relevance to this procedure are analyzed. The length, diameters and curvature of the clavicle were measured in 196 specimens from the dissecting room. The @entity460 bone density was analyzed in 300 cross-sectional samples of 100 specimens. The thickness of cortical and medullary bone of 70 slices was analyzed from freshly plastinated clavicles with implants in place. The female clavicle was shorter, less curved, and had a lower concentration of @entity460 than the male clavicle. Measurement of cortical thickness showed a mean value of 1.05 +/- 0.23 mm at the most sternal measuring point, 2.05 +/- 0.29 mm at the midpoint of the clavicle, and 0.95 +/- 0.35 mm at the acromial end. The thinnest regions were the medial ventral cortex and the dorsal acromial cortex. These measurements explain clinical observations on nail perforation. The diameter of the medullary canal measured 6.7 +/- 2.6 mm at its narrowest part, so that reaming (i.e., predrilling the medullary canal) prior to 3.5 mm @entity702 nail insertion is not necessary. The main difficulties encountered when placing a nail are secondary to the S-curvature of the clavicle. In 80% of @entity174 , the break is located at the narrowest diameter of the medullary canal. Thus, the clavicle displays definite gender- and side-specific anatomical features in terms of length, diameter, curvature, and @entity460 concentration. These should be considered when performing intramedullary fixation.

title: Anatomy of the clavicle and the intramedullary nailing of midclavicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['clavicular fractures', 'fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided evaluation program (CAE) of breast MRI for the assessment of @entity41 extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI before and after chemotherapy were included as part of this study. For the assessment of @entity41 extent after completion of chemotherapy, the mean @entity5 diameters measured by radiologists and CAE were compared to those on histopathology using a paired student t-test. Moreover, the agreement between unidimensional (1D) measurement by radiologist and histopathological size or 1D measurement by CAE and histopathological size was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. For chemotherapy monitoring, we evaluated @entity5 response through the change in the 1D diameter by a radiologist and CAE and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric change by CAE based on Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Agreement between the 1D response by the radiologist versus the 1D response by CAE as well as by the 3D response by CAE were evaluated using weighted kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: For the assessment of @entity41 extent after chemotherapy, the mean @entity5 diameter measured by radiologists (2.0    1.7 cm) was significantly smaller than the mean histological diameter (2.6    2.3 cm) (p = 0.01), whereas, no significant difference was found between the CAE measurements (mean = 2.2    2.0 cm) and histological diameter (p = 0.19). The mean difference between the 1D measurement by the radiologist and histopathology was 0.6 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.0, 4.3), whereas the difference between CAE and histopathology was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.9, 4.7). For the monitoring of response to chemotherapy, the 1D measurement by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair agreement (k = 0.358), while the 1D measurement by the radiologist and 3D measurement by CAE showed poor agreement (k = 0.106). CONCLUSION: CAE for breast MRI is sufficiently accurate for the assessment of @entity41 extent in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, for the assessment of response to chemotherapy, the assessment by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair to poor agreement.

title: Computer-aided evaluation of breast MRI for the @entity41 extent and response monitoring in XXXX @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of dual platelet inhibition in cases of severe @entity548 following retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilans Universit  t, M  nchen, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Two groups of @entity1 were screened retrospectively over a 5-year period for the inclusion criterion of severe @entity1410 after retrobulbar or parabulbar injection. The first group consisted of emergency cases referred to the clinic. A second group of @entity1 had received retrobulbar block at the hospital. All cases were collected and screened for the presence of antiplatelet therapy. RESULTS: Among roughly 160   000 @entity1 records screened, 3 @entity1 with grade @entity1410 were identified. Two of these @entity1 were taking dual antiplatelet medications and 2 were on anticoagulation therapy during the time of retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia. None of the cases showed single medication platelet inhibition. The visual acuity of all @entity1 stayed low at the 6-month follow-up (1.2 logMAR in 1 @entity1 and no light perception in 2 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Retrobulbar @entity1410 is a rare but severe complication of retrobulbar anesthesia. With the high prevalence of dual platelet inhibition found in these cases, a prospective controlled trial seems unethical. In these high-risk @entity1 , surgery should be performed under topical anesthesia if possible or general anesthesia if necessary. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Dual platelet inhibition in cases of severe XXXX following retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['IV retrobulbar hematoma', 'hematoma', 'retrobulbar hematoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retrobulbar hemorrhage']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['retrobulbar hemorrhage']


abstract: In each of three components of a multiple schedule, monkeys were required to emit a different sequence of four responses in a predetermined order on four levers. Sequence completions produced food under a fixed-ratio schedule. Errors produced a brief timeout. One component of the multiple schedule was a repeated-acquisition task where the four-response sequence changed each session (learning). The second component of the multiple schedule was also a repeated-acquisition task, but acquisition was supported through the use of a stimulus fading procedure (faded learning). In a third component of the multiple schedule, the sequence of responses remained the same from session to session (performance). @entity4521 , @entity284 , @entity72273 and @entity12781 each produced dose-related decreases in overall response rate. At high doses which produced equivalent rate-decreasing effects, @entity72273 and @entity12781 generally produced greater disruption of accuracy in the learning component than did @entity4521 or @entity284 . @entity836 5.6 microgram/kg shifted to the right by approximately 1/2-log unit the @entity4521 and @entity284 dose-effect curves, but produced little or no change in the @entity72273 dose-effect curves. At 56 micrograms/kg @entity836 completely antagonized both the rate-decreasing and error-increasing effects of @entity4521 and @entity284 . The same dose of @entity836 tended to produce greater antagonism of the effects of @entity72273 on accuracy than on rate, which was shifted by only 1/4-log unit. In contrast, @entity836 failed to antagonize the effects of @entity12781 on either rate or accuracy. Thus it would appear that while @entity72273 and @entity12781 produce similar disruptions in the accuracy of a discrimination, the effects of each are differentially sensitive to antagonism by @entity836 .

title: Effects of opioids and XXXX in combination with @entity836 on the acquisition and performance of response sequences in monkeys.

entities_list: @entity4521 :: ('MESH:D003932', 'Chemical') :: ['Heroin', 'heroin']

entities_list: @entity836 :: ('MESH:D009271', 'Chemical') :: ['naltrexone', 'Naltrexone']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity72273 :: ('MESH:D003496', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclazocine']

entities_list: @entity284 :: ('MESH:D008691', 'Chemical') :: ['methadone']

answer: @entity12781 :: (MESH:D010622,Chemical) :: ['phencyclidine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity35 model of @entity7190 (ORN) that uses novel micro-computed tomography bone volume analysis and detailed histology to provide a more effective, quantifiable, and standardized way to study ORN in vivo. STUDY DESIGN: Animal model. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Modifications to our previously published @entity35 model of mandibular ORN were done to develop an ideal protocol consisting of 10 @entity35 (6 experimental and 4 controls) with their left middle mandibular molar removed 7 days after either 20 Gy high dose rate brachytherapy or sham irradiation. @entity35 were sacrificed 21 days after extraction for landmark defined bone volume and histologic analysis. RESULTS: A standardized method of quantification was achieved in all samples. The radiated group (XRT) had a mean bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) of 13.8% compared to 65.9% for controls (P < .001). There were increases in osteoclasts and @entity82 , @entity393 ,and less bone in radiated samples with a mean (SD)of 5.91 (3.77) @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) and 4.00(1.83) osteoblasts/ @entity2194 in XRT samples compared to 1.08(1.08) osteoclasts/ @entity2194 and 22.49 (6.00) osteoblasts/ @entity2194 for controls (P <.001). CONCLUSION: Our updated model continues to be clinically analogous to @entity1 mandibular ORN and improves the radiologic and histologic analysis of @entity154 , providing a method for quantification of @entity604 . Further cell-specific staining, including immunohistochemistry, can be used with this model to study potential cellular mechanisms of mandibular ORN and test any future therapeutic options.

title: Standardized analysis of @entity7190 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['bony defects']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HPF', 'osteoclasts/high-powered field']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity7190 :: ('MESH:D010025', 'Disease') :: ['mandibular osteoradionecrosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreases in osteoblasts']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity72941 polymorphism is located in the promoter region of @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ) gene was found to be associated with @entity2 susceptibility; however, this association in Chinese population remained unclear. The aim of this study was designed to explore this association in Chinese population. METHODS: @entity3335 genotypes in 98 cases of primary @entity2 and 112 @entity1 of healthy control were detected using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay(PCR-RFLP) in a case-control molecular epidemiology study. The association between this gene polymorphism and the risk of @entity2 in Chinese population was examined through comparing odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) between two groups. RESULTS: In healthy control group, the frequencies of @entity1 carrying G/G, @entity13284 , and A/A genotypes were 47.3%, 42.9%, and 9.8%, respectively. In @entity5 group, the frequencies of the @entity1 carrying above three genotypes were 63.3%, 33.7%, and 3.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference of the frequencies of heterozygote @entity13284 between two groups (P >0.05). However, The A/A genotype was found significantly higher in @entity5 group than that in healthy control group(P< 0.025). The risk of @entity2 for @entity1 carrying at least one A allele was only 52% of the @entity1 carrying G/G genotype (95% CI 0.29-0.93). In smoking population, allele A showed to be a significant protective factor (OR=0.41,P< 0.025), while such protective role was not observed in non-smoking group(P >0.25). CONCLUSION: @entity3335 gene polymorphism was associated with susceptibility of @entity2 in Chinese population. The risk of @entity2 was decreased in the @entity1 carrying allele A.

title: [Gene polymorphism of @entity3335 and genetic susceptibility to XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['person', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: Naegleria fowleri causes acute and fulminant primary amoebic @entity5422 . This microorganism invades its host by penetrating the olfactory mucosa and then traveling up the mesaxonal spaces and crossing the cribriform plate; finally, the trophozoites invade the olfactory bulbs. During its invasion, the protozoan obtains nutrients such as proteins, lipids, @entity3363 , and cationic ions (e.g., @entity68 , @entity460 , and @entity1372 ) from the host. However, the mechanism by which these ions are obtained, particularly @entity68 , is poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of N. fowleri to degrade @entity68 -binding proteins, including hololactoferrin, @entity69 , ferritin, and hemoglobin. Zymography assays were performed for each substrate under physiological conditions (pH 7 at 37  C) employing @entity558 ( @entity558 ) and total crude extracts (TCEs) of N. fowleri. Different degradation patterns with @entity558 were observed for hololactoferrin, @entity69 , and hemoglobin; however, @entity558 did not cause ferritin degradation. In contrast, the TCEs degraded only hololactoferrin and @entity69 . Inhibition assays revealed that @entity462 proteases were involved in this process. Based on these results, we suggest that @entity558 and TCEs of N. fowleri degrade @entity68 -binding proteins by employing @entity462 proteases, which enables the parasite to obtain @entity68 to survive while invading the central nervous system.

title: @entity68 -Binding Protein Degradation by XXXX Proteases of Naegleria fowleri.

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['CM', 'conditioned medium']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity462 :: (MESH:D003545,Chemical) :: ['Cysteine']


abstract: @entity3 in the inner auditory canal (IAC), or more precisely in the pontocerebellar angle (PCA) is extremely rare. Indeed @entity5513 ( @entity5513 ), @entity1653 and other types of benign neoformations, in decreasing order, account for nearly all expansive pathologies in this anatomical region. The present paper reports a clinical case of a @entity1 with the sudden onset of an @entity393 in the right ear. This @entity393 was promptly followed by @entity3541 . The function of both @entity129 worsened progressively and rapidly. Cerebral radiology, performed with MRI and the administration of @entity2287 , showed a @entity5513 -compatible neoformation fundamentally affecting the IAC. However, histological tests performed after surgery indicated an @entity420 . Post-operative instrumental tests identified the primary @entity5 in the lower lobe of the right lung. The purpose of this work was to highlight, in view of the literature on the topic, the main clinical aspects to consider when a malignant expansion is suspected in the PCA. Naturally there is greater basis for such suspicion when a primary @entity5 has previously been diagnosed. Generally @entity5513 progresses quite gradually, in line with an extremely slow growth rate. Therefore it is normally seen in a progressive worsening of hearing, @entity392 and equilibrium disorders. Appearance of a @entity2103 is strictly limited to relatively large @entity5 and is encountered at a later stage. This is why a rapid progression of @entity2167 accompanied, or promptly followed, by complete @entity3541 must alert one to the possibility of a @entity5 . Imaging does not permit easy pre-operative diagnosis since the radiological signs and morphologies are often quite similar to those produced by @entity5513 . Therefore, post-operative histological examination can hold some surprises.

title: [ XXXX in the inner auditory canal].

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity5513 :: ('MESH:D009464', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'acoustic neurinoma']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['hearing damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant neoplasm', 'PCA malignancy', 'neoplasms', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis of the homolateral facial nerve', 'facial nerve paralysis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: We report long-term results from a large animal model of in vivo selection. Nine years ago, we transplanted two @entity235 (E900 and E958) with autologous marrow @entity16129 (+) cells that had been transduced with a gammaretrovirus vector encoding a conditionally activatable derivative of the thrombopoietin receptor. Receptor activation through administration of a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) ( @entity16130 or @entity16131 ) confers a growth advantage. We previously reported responses to two 30-day intravenous (i.v.) courses of @entity16130 administered within the first 8 months post-transplantation. We now report responses to 5-day subcutaneous (s.c.) courses of @entity16130 or @entity16131 at months 14, 90, and 93 (E900), or month 18 (E958), after transplantation. Long-term monitoring showed no rise in transduced cells in the absence of drug. Retroviral insertion site analysis showed that 4 of 6 (E958) and 5 of 12 (E900) transduced @entity1583 cell clones persisted lifelong. Both @entity235 were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the gene therapy treatment at 8 years 11 months (E958) and 11 years 1 month (E900) of age. Three clones from E900 remained detectable in each of two secondary recipients, one of which was treated with, and responded to, @entity16131 . Our results demonstrate the feasibility of safely regulating genetically engineered @entity1583 cells over many years.

title: Long-term regulation of genetically modified primary XXXX cells in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematopoietic']


abstract: Because of concerns about safety and expense associated with continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII), all @entity1 who had used CSII as of July 1982 were identified. Annual follow-up has resulted in data for up to 61 mo. Of the 92 nonpregnant registrees, 31 were less than 20 yr old, 36 were 20-29, and 25 were 30 yr or older. Two deaths occurred in 1780 @entity1 -months of pump use. The cumulative proportion on the pump (CPOP) or actuarial CSII continuance proportion was 11%. There was no significant difference between sexes or between ages for @entity1 , but despite eliminating pregnant @entity1 , those greater than or equal to 30 yr old had a CPOP of 0.22, compared with 0.11 for those less than 30 yr (P = .03). Continuance curves were no different for those beginning CSII with or without complications or for those with or without good @entity413 control. Those who began at @entity1 request did have better CPOP than those who began at physician request (P = .05). Physician perception of clinical, mechanical, or psychosocial problems while on the pump was not predictor of continuance curves as measured by CPOP. Of the 17 physicians queried at the latest update, 9 physicians have 16 current CSII users; these 9 have only 14% of their @entity1 in the original cohort currently on CSII. This is compared with the 3 physicians who have 34 current users and 60% of their original cohort on CSII. Four physicians no longer use CSII. Devices for CSII cost +131/ @entity1 -month of use.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Surveillance in Florida of continuous subcutaneous XXXX infusion use in cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'person', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Two @entity420 cell lines, Breast M25-SF and Breast M, were established from @entity5 tissue resected surgically from a @entity1 with @entity0 . One, Breast M25-SF, expresses @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) on the cell surface and the other, Breast M does not. The effects of recombinant @entity1199 ( @entity5041 ) on the proliferation of these cell lines were investigated. The growth of Breast M25-SF was significantly promoted by @entity5041 ranging from 1.25 U/ml to 640 U/ml. Anti- @entity2902 (Tac) antibody significantly blocked the growth enhancement of Breast M25-SF by @entity5041 . Breast M, however, did not respond to @entity5041 . To confirm more directly the promotion of Breast M25-SF growth by @entity5041 , cloning of @entity1199 responders from parent Breast M25-SF cells was carried out by limiting dilution without feeder cells in 96-well microplates. No colony formation was found in 24 wells without @entity5041 . Eleven, 13 and 6 clones were established from groups of 24 wells containing @entity5041 at 200, 20 and 2 U/ml respectively. All of the clones expressed @entity2902 and respond to @entity5041 . By using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction technique, we demonstrated that Breast M25-SF but not Breast M expressed @entity1199 mRNA, and @entity1199 secretion from Breast M25-SF but not Breast M was also confirmed by radioimmunoassay. These findings suggest a role for @entity1199 in autocrine support of Breast M25-SF growth. @entity1199 may play an important role in the growth control of @entity0 cells.

title: Increased proliferation of a @entity1 XXXX cell line by recombinant @entity1199 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma', 'breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pregnancy induced @entity101 is believed to be a state of neutrophil overactivity, however all previous studies were done on isolated cells. DESIGN: To study neutrophil activity in whole blood of @entity5029 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neutrophil activity was estimated without isolation, in peripheral whole blood of 23 @entity5029 @entity1 and 26 normal pregnant controls. The chemiluminescence test was performed without any stimulation and upon stimulation of neutrophils with @entity5038 , OZ and @entity4515 , before and after pre-activation with @entity310 . The results were corrected according to the haemoglobin concentration and (%) of neutrophils. The percentage of whole blood neutrophils indicating expression of selectins @entity1454 , @entity9536 , integrin @entity1196 and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of these molecules were studied on flow-cytometry. RESULTS: The study revealed that neutrophil chemiluminescence was not significantly higher in @entity5029 @entity1 and after correction coefficient used it was even lower in @entity5029 @entity1 . @entity310 preactivation had no influence on chemiluminescence results. Expression of @entity9536 expressed as MFI value was significantly increased while that of @entity1196 , expressed as (%) of positive cells and MFI value--decreased in @entity5029 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Changes of neutrophil @entity9536 and @entity8729 expression indicate increased activity of these cells in @entity5029 @entity1 , however low production of reactive @entity26 species estimated by corrected chemiluminescence test especially after @entity310 pre-activation, indicates that this form of their reactivity is rather "exhausted" during @entity5029 .

title: [Parameters of peripheral whole blood neutrophil activity in @entity1 with pregnancy induced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surveys measuring effectiveness of public awareness campaigns in reducing @entity65 ( @entity65 ) incidence have yielded equivocal findings. The aim of this study was to describe cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) changes over the years in an untreated population-based study. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2012, we conducted a screening campaign for CVRFs in @entity1 aged 40 to 65 yrs and @entity1 aged 50 to 70 yrs in the western suburbs of Paris. Data were complete for 20,324 @entity1 of which 14,709 were untreated. RESULTS: The prevalence trend over six years was statistically significant for @entity101 in @entity1 from 25.9% in 2007 to 21.1% in 2012 (p=0.002) and from 23% in 2007 to 12.7% in 2012 in @entity1 (p<0.0001). The prevalence trend of @entity286 smoking decreased from 38.6% to 27.7% in @entity1 (p=0.0001) and from 22.6% to 16.8% in @entity1 (p=0.113). The Framingham 10-year risk for @entity65 decreased from 13.3    8.2 % in 2007 to 11.7    9.0 % in 2012 in @entity1 and from 8.0    4.1 % to 5.9    3.4 % in @entity1 . The 10-year risk of fatal @entity65 based on the European Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) decreased in @entity1 and in @entity1 (p <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Over a 6-year period, several CVRFs have decreased in our screening campaign, leading to decrease in the 10-year risk for @entity65 and the 10-year risk of fatal @entity65 . Cardiologists should recognize the importance of community prevention programs and communication policies, particularly @entity286 control and healthier diets to decrease the CVRFs in the general population.

title: Trends in XXXX Risk Factor Prevalence and Estimated 10-Year Cardiovascular Risk Scores in a Large Untreated French Urban Population: The CARVAR 92 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['Cardiovascular Disease']


abstract: We have reported the characteristic dynamic changes at the base of the brain in childhood @entity7025 in terms of follow-up angiography. So we have classified the angiographical findings of @entity7025 into six stages. However, there have been no report that proved these findings in long-term follow-up. On the other hand, these angiographical findings are mainly observed in @entity1 , we can seldom to find out any changes in adults. We performed long-term follow up angiography in adult cases whose onset was in childhood to clarify the natural course of this disease and to understand the difference between the cases of @entity1 and adults. Eleven cases (4 males and 7 females) of @entity7025 were investigated by angiography. Average onset was 5.1 years old. All of them were diagnosed by initial angiography in childhood (average age were 6.5 years old) and they grew up into adolescence (average age were 18.6 years old) at the time of follow-up study. Initial symptoms of them were all @entity63 ( @entity4905 7, RIND 2 or @entity64 ). The symptoms at the time of follow-up were @entity1032 in 5 @entity1 , slight @entity51 in 1, @entity4905 in 2 and normal in 3. Among them, one @entity1 had suffered from @entity548 . The results were as follows: the progression of angiographical stages was observed in 95% of sides. In 71% of sides, angiographical stage was in 5 or 6 which is thought to be an end stage of this disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term follow-up angiography of XXXX --cases followed from childhood to adolescence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['completed stroke 2']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Moyamoya disease']

answer: @entity7025 :: (MESH:D009072,Disease) :: ['moyamoya disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine surgical outcomes related to @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for staging of @entity43 and @entity5 with high risk of peritoneal spread and compare them to laparotomy and standard robotic-assisted surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of @entity1 undergoing staging for uterine and @entity43 between January 2011 and July 2013 at a major metropolitan teaching hospital was reviewed. @entity1 undergoing @entity1104 were matched with @entity1 undergoing staging laparotomy [exploratory laparotomy (XLAP)] for the same indications and with @entity1 undergoing traditional @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) for staging of endometrioid @entity1204 . In @entity1104 , a longer incision is used to allow palpation of the peritoneal surfaces, to exteriorize the small bowel, to examine the mesentery, and to perform omentectomy. RESULTS: One hundred five @entity1 were analyzed (15 @entity1104 , 45 @entity1104 , 45 XLAP). Compared with XLAP, @entity1104 was associated with decreased @entity190 (200 vs 400 mL, P = 0.011) and shorter hospital stay (1 vs 4 days, P < 0.001). @entity1 who had undergone @entity1104 had fewer major complications, but those results did not reach statistical significance (0% vs 27%, P = 0.063). Hand-assisted @entity1104 was associated with higher @entity190 and length of stay as compared to robotic staging of endometrioid @entity1204 ( @entity1104 ). Minor wound complications were also more common (27% vs 2%, P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Hand-assisted @entity1104 allows for thorough visual and tactile assessment of peritoneal surfaces. It represents a safe alternative to laparotomy for @entity43 with high risk of peritoneal spread. Long-term follow-up study is needed to determine oncologic adequacy of @entity1104 .

title: Hand-Assisted Robotic Surgery for Staging of XXXX With High Risk of Peritoneal Spread: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'staging of ovarian and uterine cancers']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['uterine cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['RS', 'HARS', 'hand-assisted robotic surgery', 'robotic surgery']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['Ovarian Cancer and Uterine Cancers']


abstract: With the utilization of new biologic agents and experimental chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity788 , the issue of local-regional control will become increasingly important. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of dose escalation using proton therapy, as compared to conventional 3-dimensional conformal radiation, by minimizing the dose to normal tissues. The photon treatment plans of 4 @entity1 with unresectable @entity788 treated on a biologic therapy trial were utilized. Each @entity1 was treated using a 3- or 4-field photon plan with 45 Gy to the clinical target volume (CTV), followed by a boost of 14.4 Gy to the gross target volume (GTV). Using a Helax treatment planning system, proton plans were generated to encompass the same CTV and GTV to the same prescribed dose. Dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were generated for the GTV, CTV, spinal cord, liver, and right and left kidneys. Each DVH was compared between the photon and proton plans. Proton plans utilized either a 2- or 3-field technique. Available energies included 130 or 180 MeV. Range modulators and bolus were used as needed to conform to the target volume. With the CTV and GTV receiving the same dose from the proton and photon plans, all individual proton plans were superior to the photon plans in reduction of normal tissue dose. For the 4 @entity1 , the average dose reduction to 50% of the organ at risk was 78% to spinal cord (p = 0.003), 73% to left kidney (p = 0.025), 43% to right kidney (p = 0.059), and 55% to liver (p = 0.061). These comparative treatment plans show proton therapy results in significant reductions of dose to normal tissue compared to conventional photons while treating the same target volumes. This allows for the design of dose-escalation protocols using protons in combination with new biologic therapies and chemotherapy.

title: Comparative treatment planning between proton and X-ray therapy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: AIM: To examine the relationships between maternal @entity4051 c concentration at different time points and birth weight in pregnancies complicated by pre-existing @entity164 1 @entity6 . METHODS: A comprehensive audit dataset was collected prospectively on all deliveries in Scotland to @entity1 with pre-existing @entity164 1 @entity6 occurring between 1 April 1998 and 31 March 1999. Data items included @entity4051 c concentrations prior to conception and in each of the three trimesters of pregnancy, and birth weight. Relationships between standardized birth weight and HbA1c concentrations at each of the four time points were examined using correlation analysis. RESULTS: Standardized birth weight (Z scores) could be calculated for 203 of 208 singleton liveborn @entity1 . HbA1c concentrations, standardized to correct for assay differences among hospitals, at different time points were available for between 134 (pre-pregnancy) and 192 (third trimester) cases. Standardized birth weight, relative to a reference population, showed a unimodal distribution, shifted to the right (mean, +1.57 sd). There was a significant negative correlation between pre-pregnancy @entity4051 c and birth weight (Spearman's R, -0.208; P = 0.016). There were no statistically significant correlations for other time points. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized birth weight scores of the @entity1 of @entity6 mothers are higher than those of a reference population. There is no simple relationship between maternal glycaemic status and birth weight, but there appears to be a paradoxical inverse relationship between pre-pregnancy glycaemic control and standardized birth weight.

title: The relationship between birth weight and maternal glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration in pregnancies complicated by @entity164 1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Opioids reduce injury from @entity741 -reperfusion in @entity1 . In experimental models, this mechanism involves @entity9096 inhibition. @entity19515 regulates mitochondrial protein import, with @entity9096 inhibition increasing @entity19515 mitochondrial content. Therefore, we determined whether @entity1286 -induced cardioprotection is mediated by @entity19515 and if the protective effect is downstream of @entity9096 inhibition. Male @entity35 , aged 8-10 weeks, were subjected to an in vivo @entity741 -reperfusion injury protocol involving 30 minutes of @entity63 followed by 2 hours of reperfusion. Hemodynamics were continually monitored and @entity583 size determined. @entity35 received @entity1286 (0.3   mg/kg), the @entity9096 inhibitor, @entity25650 (0.6   mg/kg), or saline, 10 minutes prior to @entity63 . Some @entity35 received selective @entity19515 inhibitors, @entity49801 (0.3   mg/kg), or @entity5101 ( @entity5252 , 0.6   mg/kg) alone or 5 minutes prior to @entity1286 or @entity25650 . @entity1286 reduced @entity583 size when compared to control (42    2% versus 60    1%). This protection was abolished by prior treatment of @entity49801 or @entity5252 (59    1%, 56    2%). @entity9096 inhibition also reduced @entity583 size (41    2%) with @entity19515 inhibition by @entity49801 or @entity5252 partially inhibiting @entity25650 -induced @entity1188 size reduction (54    3%, 47    1%, resp.). These data suggest that opioid-induced cardioprotection is mediated by @entity19515 . Part of this protection afforded by @entity19515 is downstream of @entity9096 , potentially via the HSP-TOM mitochondrial import pathway.

title: XXXX Reduces @entity583 via Heat Shock Protein 90 in Rodents.

entities_list: @entity49801 :: ('MESH:C035359', 'Chemical') :: ['radicicol']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity5101 :: ('MESH:C037258', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyspergualin']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['Morphine']


abstract: Members of the heterochromatin protein 1 family ( @entity12061 , b and y) are mostly associated with heterochromatin and play important roles in gene regulation and DNA damage response. Altered expression of individual @entity12061 subtype has profound impacts on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We analyzed the expression profile of @entity12061 family by data mining using a published microarray data set coupled with retrospective immunohistochemistry analyses of archived @entity0 biospecimens. We found that the @entity1 group overexpressing @entity37159 mRNA is associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 and with a significantly lower survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining against @entity12061 , @entity37159 and HP1y shows that respective @entity12061 expression level is frequently altered in @entity0 . 57.4-60.1% of samples examined showed high @entity37159 expression and 39.9-42.6 % of examined @entity5 showed no or low expression of each @entity12061 subtype. Interestingly, comparative analysis on @entity12061 expression profile and @entity0 markers revealed a positive correlation between the respective expression level of all three @entity12061 subtypes and Ki-67, a cell proliferation and well-known @entity0 marker. To explore the effect of individual @entity12061 on @entity9190 inhibitor therapy for @entity0 , MCF7 @entity0 cells and individually @entity12061 -depleted MCF7 cells were treated with @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 with or without @entity3003 . Notably, @entity37159 -knockdown cells are hypersensitive to the @entity9190 inhibitor @entity46804 alone and its combination with @entity3003 . In summary, while increased @entity37159 expression is associated with the poor prognosis in @entity0 , compromised @entity37159 abundance may serve as a useful predictive marker for chemotherapy, including @entity9190 inhibitors against @entity0 .

title: @entity37159 is a biomarker for XXXX prognosis and @entity9190 inhibitor therapy.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity10057 is a promising platform for single cell oil production. It is well-known for its metabolism oriented toward utilization of hydrophobic substrates and accumulation of storage lipids. Multiple copies of DGA2 under constitutive promoter were introduced into the Q4 strain, a quadruple mutant deleted for the four acyltransferases (  dga1,   dga2,   lro1, and   are1) to improve lipid accumulation. The Q4-DGA2 x3 strain contains three copies of DGA2. Further increase in accumulation was accomplished by blocking the b-oxidation pathway through MFE1 gene deletion yielding Q4-  mfe DGA2 x3. In order to use molasses as a substrate for single cell oil production, @entity969 utilization was established by expressing the @entity375 @entity11609 gene yielding Q4- @entity11609 DGA2 x3 and Q4-  mfe @entity11609 DGA2 x3. During cultivation on @entity969 medium with a @entity505 to @entity1568 ratio of 80, both strains accumulated more than 40  % of lipids, which was a 2-fold increase in lipid storage. Q4-  mfe @entity11609 DGA2 x3 accumulated more lipids than Q4- @entity11609 DGA2 x3 (49 vs. 43  %) but yielded less biomass (13.7 vs. 15  g/L). When grown on 8  % (v/v) molasses, both strains accumulated more than 30  % of lipids after 3  days, while biomass yield was higher in Q4- @entity11609 DGA2 x3 (16.4 vs. 14.4  g/L). Further addition of molasses at 72  h resulted in higher biomass yield, 26.6  g/L for Q4- @entity11609 DGA2 x3, without modification of lipid content. This work presents genetically modified strains of @entity10057 as suitable tools for direct conversion of industrial molasses into value added products based on single cell oils.

title: Single cell oil production on molasses by XXXX strains overexpressing DGA2 in multicopy.

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity10057 :: ('4952', 'Species') :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica', 'Y. lipolytica']

answer: @entity10057 :: (4952,Species) :: ['Yarrowia lipolytica']


abstract: Microtubules are an ideal target for anticancer drugs because of their essential role in mitosis. Colchicine is a microtubule destabilizer. Whether the clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations had anticancer effects on @entity1 @entity201 cells was investigated. Two @entity1 @entity201 cell lines (C14/KMUH, C51/KMUH) were investigated using clinically acceptable plasma colchicine concentrations (2 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL for the in vitro experiment, 0.07 mg colchicine/kg/d * 14 days for the nude @entity19 experiment). Our results showed that colchicine caused significantly dose-dependent antiproliferative effects on both cell lines (all p < 0.0001). Nude @entity19 (BALB/c-nu) experiments showed that the increased @entity5 volume ratios in colchicine-treated @entity19 were significantly lower than control @entity19 started from the 11th day of treatment (p = 0.0167). The @entity5 growth rates in colchicine-treated @entity19 after 14 days of treatment were significantly lower than in control @entity19 (0.147    0.004/d vs. 0.274    0.003/d, p = 0.0015). In addition to the well-known direct colchicine-tubulin interaction as a common anticancer mechanism of colchicine, microarray and quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that the antiproliferative effects of both 2 ng/mL and 6 ng/mL colchicine on C14/KMUH cells could be partially explained by downregulations of both @entity56811 and MT-COI. There was no effect of colchicine on MT-COI expression in C51/KMUH cells, however, 6 ng/mL colchicine also downregulated @entity56811 in this cell line. In conclusion, clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations can inhibit the proliferation of @entity1 @entity201 cells. This drug has good potential for the palliative treatment of @entity201 due to its low cost and our long-standing prescription experience.

title: Clinically acceptable colchicine concentrations have potential for the palliative treatment of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity1 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity3841 , @entity2523 , @entity3288 . Out of 320 referred @entity1 91 @entity1 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity1 (19-30 years) with @entity2521 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity1 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity2523 and @entity3288 were most frequently recovered in @entity1 showing primarily a @entity604 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity1 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity1 with primarily horizontal @entity604 and (2) @entity1 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity1 showing horizontal @entity604 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, XXXX and @entity3288 in selected subjects with @entity2521 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity3288 :: ('28131', 'Species') :: ['P. intermedia', 'Prevotella intermedia']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2523 :: (837,Species) :: ['P. gingivalis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the personal experiences of treating @entity15265 ( @entity15265 ) with gamma knife or cyberknife and evaluate the medium and long-term outcomes. METHODS: From June 1999 to December 2008, 20 @entity15265 @entity1 were treated by radiosurgery (gamma knife or cyberknife). Among them, 11 had @entity41 after surgery and 9 were diagnosed by neuroradiology. All cases on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed well-defined and homogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. The mean maximum diameter of @entity5 was 38.7    9.3 mm (range: 23.0 - 60.6). The volume of @entity5 ranged between 4.1 - 52.6 cm(3) with a mean of (18.7    12.5) cm(3). The @entity5 margin dose irradiated by gamma knife ranged from 9 to 16 Gy (mean 12.3    2.3 Gy). The @entity5 margin dose irradiated by cyberknife was 20 - 21 Gy in 3 fractions. The mean follow-up period was (60    32) months (range: 12 - 120). RESULTS: Follow-up imaging showed @entity5 volume decreased over 90% (n = 5), @entity5 regressed over 50% in volume (n = 9) and no change in @entity5 volume (n = 1). One @entity1 with large @entity5 (irradiated 10 Gy) was operated by open surgery at 5 months after gamma knife. Four @entity5 decreased over 50% in volume after cyberknife. Neurologically, none of these @entity1 showed any deterioration. And 16 @entity1 demonstrated an obvious improvement after radiosurgery. At the last follow-up, there were no complications related to radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery (Gamma knife or cyberknife) is a safe and effective modality for small- and medium-sized @entity15265 . Fractionated Cyberknife proves to be an effective treatment for large or giant @entity15265 . Thus radiosurgery will be an alternative option to surgery.

title: [Radiosurgery for XXXX : medium- and long-term results].

entities_list: @entity15265 :: ('MESH:D020226', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous sinus hemangiomas', 'CSH']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'giant tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity15265 :: (MESH:D020226,Disease) :: ['cavernous sinus hemangiomas']


abstract: Introduction. Metabolic conditions, including type 2 @entity6 , have been related to @entity157 ( @entity157 ) risk. We have further analyzed the role of @entity6 and antidiabetic treatments on @entity157 . Methods. Data derived from a hospital-based case-control study (Italy, 2005-2012) on 224 @entity157 @entity1 and 389 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using multiple logistic regression models. Results. Sixty-nine (30.9%) cases versus 52 (13.5%) controls reported a @entity6 diagnosis, corresponding to a multivariate OR of 2.25 (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.42-3.56). A stronger excess risk emerged for a longer time since @entity6 diagnosis (OR = 2.96 for <10 years and 5.33 for >= 10 years). Oral therapies were inversely, though not significantly, related to @entity157 risk, OR being 0.44 for @entity2449 and 0.88 for @entity5736 ; conversely, insulin was nonsignificantly directly associated (OR = 1.90). Compared to nondiabetic subjects who were never smokers, those who were @entity6 and ever smokers had an OR of 6.61 (95% CI 3.31-13.25). Conclusion. Our study confirms an over 2-fold excess @entity157 risk in @entity6 , with a stronger excess risk in @entity6 subjects who are also @entity286 smokers. @entity2449 may decrease the risk of @entity157 , whereas insulin may increase the risk.

title: @entity6 and Insulin Therapy, but Not XXXX , Are Related to Hepatocellular Cancer Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylureas']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['Metformin']


abstract: As @entity28 rates increase, so too do the risks of @entity164 2 @entity6 , @entity65 , and numerous other detrimental conditions. The prevalence of @entity28 in U.S. adults more than doubled between 1980 and 2010, from 15.0 to 36.1%. Although this trend may be leveling off, @entity28 and its individual, societal, and economic costs remain of grave concern. In June 2014, a @entity6 Care Editors' Expert Forum convened to review the state of @entity28 research and discuss the latest prevention initiatives and behavioral, medical, and surgical therapies. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, offers an expansive view of the @entity28 epidemic, beginning with a discussion of its root causes. Recent insights into the genetic and physiological factors that influence body weight are reviewed, as are the pathophysiology of @entity28 -related @entity209 and the concept of metabolically healthy @entity28 . The authors address the crucial question of how much @entity353 is necessary to yield meaningful benefits. They describe the challenges of behavioral modification and predictors of its success. The effects of @entity6 pharmacotherapies on body weight are reviewed, including potential weight-neutral combination therapies. The authors also summarize the evidence for safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic and surgical @entity28 treatments. The article concludes with an impassioned call for researchers, clinicians, governmental agencies, health policymakers, and health-related industries to collectively embrace the urgent mandate to improve prevention and treatment and for society at large to acknowledge and manage @entity28 as a serious disease.

title: Advances in the Science, Treatment, and Prevention of the Disease of Obesity: Reflections From a XXXX Care Editors' Expert Forum.

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity1 , cardiac morphological adaptations to athletic training have been exhaustively described, while the existence of morphologic (adaptive) changes in the peripheral vessels are less well known. Therefore, the scope of the present study was 1) to assess the existence of morphologic changes in the peripheral vessels, such as the common femoral artery ( @entity3795 ), in @entity2587 engaged in different types of sports; and 2) to assess the relationship existing between the cardiac and @entity3795 changes in highly endurance- ( N = 16) and strength-trained @entity2587 ( N = 15), and in sedentary controls ( N = 20). METHODS: The cross-sectional diameters of the left ventricular (LV) posterior wall and cavity and @entity3795 diameter and intima-media thickness were determined by M-mode echocardiography and ultrasound, respectively. RESULTS: @entity3795 intima-media thickness in the endurance-trained (0.33 +/- 0.03 mm.m(-2) ) was similar to the strength-trained @entity2587 (0.34 +/- 0.05 mm.m(-2) ) and both greater (P < 0.01) compared with the controls (0.27 +/- 0.03 mm.m(-2) ). @entity3795 diameter in endurance-trained @entity2587 (5.6 +/- 0.6 mm.m(-2) ) was highest among groups (strength-trained @entity2587 4.2 +/- 0.4 mm.m(-2), controls 4.2 +/- 0.5 mm.m(-2) ). Thus, the relative @entity3795 wall thickness (2.intima-media thickness/ @entity3795 diameter) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the strength-trained (0.16 +/- 0.02) than in the endurance-trained @entity2587 (0.13 +/- 0.02) and the controls (0.13 +/- 0.02), respectively. The relative LV posterior wall thickness (2.LV posterior wall thickness/LV diameter) was not significantly different among the groups. LV posterior wall thickness was significantly related to @entity3795 intima-media thickness (r = 0.31, P < 0.05) and LV diameter to @entity3795 diameter (r = 0.55, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The study shows a physiological relationship between the LV and @entity3795 wall and cavity dimensions in endurance-trained @entity2587 and controls, respectively. The greater relative wall thickness of the strength-trained @entity2587 may be related to different influencing factors, e.g., increased blood pressure.

title: The relationship of left ventricular to femoral artery structure in male XXXX .

answer: @entity2587 :: (MESH:D001265,Disease) :: ['athletes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development and progression of @entity1635 in @entity1 and adolescents with nonambulatory spastic @entity306 . DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal review. SETTING: Pediatric nursing home. @entity1 : A total of 110 @entity1 and adolescents <18 years of age, with @entity1635 . INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cobb angle, age, weight, height, history of @entity572 , tracheostomy. RESULTS: The Cobb angle increased with age, weight, and height in a nonlinear fashion. A square root transformation of the Cobb angle was chosen to model the nonlinear relationship between the Cobb angle and predictors. Age, height, and weight were significant univariate predictors of the square root of the Cobb angle (slopes = 0.377, 0.067, and 0.06, respectively). In the multivariate mixed model, age remained a significant predictor of the Cobb angle (slope = 0.456), but height and weight did not. If the Cobb angle was > 40   by age 12 years, @entity1635 was more likely to progress than if the Cobb angle was  <= 40  . The effect of age was stronger for those with history of tracheostomy (age slope = 0.631 vs 0.281) than those without. The relationship of age and Cobb angle did not differ significantly between hip dislocated and non-hip-dislocated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Age was found to be the most significant predictor of Cobb angle, and the effect of age was greater in the tracheostomy group than in the nontracheostomy group. After adjustment for age, the weight and height were not significant predictors of Cobb angle. Cobb angles of > 40   by the age of 12 years were associated with greater increases in Cobb angle with age.

title: Natural history of XXXX in nonambulatory spastic @entity306 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: 1. In experiments to determine the type of intra-cardiac receptors which cause the @entity1563 reflex, recordings were made from sixty-nine single and small multi-fibre preparations of cardiac vagal afferents in open-chest anaesthetized @entity235 .2. Thirty-two fibres were stimulated by occlusion of the coronary sinus outflow through an indwelling Morawitz cannula. No receptors were stimulated during occlusions at peak systolic coronary venous pressures below the threshold for reflex @entity65 . At higher pressures, fibre recruitment and further increases in stimulated discharge were demonstrated.3. The afferent endings of twenty-nine of these fibres were mechanically localized to the epicardium and myocardium of the left ventricle. Three were in the right ventricle. Seventeen single fibres discharged spontaneously at an average of 0.9 impulses/sec. There was cardiac modulation of both resting and stimulated discharge, with most action potentials in systole. Seven of eight fibres conducted at less than 1.0 m/sec.4. These ventricular receptors and a further twenty-two otherwise like them but not stimulated by occlusions were designated epi-myocardial receptors.5. 73% of receptors were stimulated by intrapericardial @entity1239 (50-100 mug). Presumptively superficial receptors were more sensitive to this stimulus.6. Epi-myocardial receptors were stimulated by intravenous or intracoronary @entity2661 , by electrical stimulation of cardiac sympathetic nerves, and by eliciting the carotid sinus occlusion reflex. @entity432 stimulated 66% of fibres tested, but was a less effective stimulus. After all these stimuli, there was a systolic modulation of discharge in more than 70% of fibres.7. It was concluded that the epi-myocardial receptors are similar to those previously shown to cause the epicardial chemoreflex, and to participate in the coronary chemoreflex. It is suggested that they are responsive to systolic mechanical changes which are accentuated by @entity2661 . Their possible effectiveness in other cardiac reflexes and in initiating circulatory changes at the beginning of exercise and the @entity907 is discussed.

title: Action potentials from ventricular mechanoreceptors stimulated by occlusion of the coronary sinus in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary sinus occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular depression']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about vascular access in @entity1 starting hemodialysis therapy after @entity8 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING _ @entity1 : Adult @entity1 (aged  >= 18 years) who started hemodialysis therapy in Ontario, Canada, from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2010, after @entity8 . PREDICTOR: @entity1 clinical and demographic characteristics. OUTCOMES: Proportion and timing of arteriovenous (AV) vascular access creation (fistula or graft) 12 months prior and up to 24 months after starting hemodialysis therapy. MEASUREMENTS: Event rates and outcome predictors. RESULTS: Our cohort included 683 @entity1 with a mean age of 48 years and >50% with comorbidity index score  < 3. In the 12 months predialysis and 24 months postdialysis, 16% and 47% of @entity1 had an AV access created, respectively. In the postdialysis period, 13%, 26%, and 38% of @entity1 had an AV access creation at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. History of @entity453 , @entity6 , and peritoneal dialysis use prior to transplantation were associated with a lower likelihood of AV access creation. LIMITATIONS: Residual selection bias from unmeasured variables beyond the data elements. CONCLUSIONS: In Ontario, AV access creation, both before and after starting hemodialysis therapy, is low in @entity1 with @entity8 despite their being younger and healthier compared to the overall hemodialysis population. This highlights the need for a predialysis care pathway in the transplantation clinic and an active strategy to identify this @entity1 cohort receiving hemodialysis to align modality and access choices.

title: Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Vascular Access Creation After XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney transplant failure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Kidney Transplant Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2023 ( @entity2023 ) is characterized by @entity32 sustained by dysregulated immune response. T-regulatory cells are involved in @entity2023 pathogenesis, mainly producing @entity688 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta. Indeed, there is a functional and allergen-specific defect of T-regulatory cells in @entity2023 . However, there are no data about the influence of allergen exposure on @entity2533 serum levels. Therefore, the aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate @entity2533 serum levels in @entity1 with seasonal @entity2023 . @entity1 were evaluated either outside the pollen season and after 1 preseasonal @entity13366 ( @entity13366 ) course (38 subjects) or during the pollen season (57 subjects). METHODS: All @entity1 were @entity56 to Parietaria and/or grasses alone. @entity2533 was measured by a commercially available kit. Symptoms, drug use and eosinophils were evaluated.Serum allergen-specific IgG and IgA levels were also measured by the ELISA method. RESULTS: @entity2533 serum levels were significantly lower in @entity1 evaluated outside the pollen season in comparison with the other 2 situations. @entity13366 induced the significantly highest @entity2533 serum levels. There was a significant negative relationship between @entity2533 and eosinophils in @entity1 after @entity13366 . IgG and IgA levels were higher in @entity13366 -treated @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This preliminary study provides evidence that @entity2533 serum levels are significantly dependent on allergen exposure.

title: Serum transforming growth factor-beta levels depend on allergen exposure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic rhinitis', 'AR']

entities_list: @entity13366 :: ('MESH:D013362', 'Disease') :: ['sublingual immunotherapy', 'SLIT']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

answer: @entity2023 :: (MESH:D006255,Disease) :: ['allergic rhinitis']


abstract: Microvessels, the main components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are vulnerable to oxidative damage during @entity167 -induced stress. @entity167 produces oxidative damage within the vessels and in the brain. Using our animal model of catheter implant into the common carotid artery (CCA), we trace the footprints of @entity167 -induced oxidative damage and inflammatory process at the BBB and into the brain. The uniqueness of the finding is that @entity1068 causes oxidative damage in all neurovascular components by activating @entity1110 oxidase and inducible @entity842 synthase in the brain. It is not the oxidants but the @entity1068 that traverses through the BBB because we found that the highly reactive @entity6710 does not cross the BBB. Thus, oxidative damage is caused at the site of oxidant production in the microvessels and in the brain. Our data indicate that @entity3094 (the primary metabolite of @entity1068 ) is the inducer/activator of these enzymes that generate oxidants in brain neurovascular cells. Evidence for @entity167 -induced @entity75 is indicated by the alterations of the tight junction protein @entity11177 in intact microvessels. Importantly, we demonstrate that the site of BBB oxidative damage is also the site of immune cells aggregation in the microvessels, which paves the path for inflammatory footprints. These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms that @entity1068 -elicited BBB oxidative damage initiates the brain vascular inflammatory process, which ultimately leads to neuroinflammation.

title: The inflammatory footprints of XXXX -induced oxidative damage in neurovascular components.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BBB damage']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity167 :: (CHEBI:16236,Chemical) :: ['alcohol']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of a protocol for the treatment of @entity174 of the elbow based on the concept that, if @entity3029 with associated @entity174 can be made to resemble a simple @entity3029 by repairing or reconstructing the fractured structures, repair of the @entity10036 ( @entity10036 ) will not be necessary. METHODS: Over a 5-year period, a single surgeon operated on 34 @entity1 with a @entity3029 associated with one or more @entity7334 . The mean age of these 19 @entity1 and 15 @entity1 was 48 years. Associated @entity174 included the capitellum, trochlea, and lateral epicondyle in 3 @entity1 ; the olecranon in 1 @entity1 ; and the radial head in 30 @entity1 (with concomitant @entity174 of the coronoid process-the so-called "terrible triad" of the elbow-in 22 @entity1 , and concomitant @entity174 of the coronoid and olecranon in 1 @entity1 ). Operative treatment consisted of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or prosthetic replacement of all @entity174 and reattachment of the origin of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) complex to the lateral epicondyle. The @entity10036 was not repaired. RESULTS: Two @entity1 (1 with a terrible triad injury and 1 with @entity174 of the capitellum and trochlea) had postoperative instability related to noncompliance, had reconstructive procedures, and were considered failures. An average of 32 months after injury, the remaining 32 @entity1 regained an average of 120 degrees ulnohumeral motion and 142 degrees @entity717 . Twenty-five of 34 @entity1 (74%) had good or excellent results according to the system of Broberg and Morrey. @entity1 with terrible triad injuries had an average of 117 degrees ulnohumeral motion and 137 degrees @entity717 , and 17 of 22 @entity1 (77%) had good or excellent results. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10036 repair is unnecessary in the treatment of @entity3029 with associated @entity7334 , provided that the articular @entity174 and the LCL are repaired or reconstructed.

title: @entity3029 with XXXX : the results of operative treatment without repair of the @entity10036 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture-dislocations', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity10036 :: ('MESH:D020423', 'Disease') :: ['MCL', 'medial collateral ligament']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular fractures']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['forearm rotation']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['posterior dislocation of the elbow', 'elbow dislocation', 'dislocation of the elbow']

answer: @entity7334 :: (MESH:D057072,Disease) :: ['intra-articular fracture']


abstract: Phosphofructokinase from @entity95 brain consists of hybrids of the A, B, and C isozymes. Phosphofructokinase C was isolated from a purified mixture of such hybrids in a 2-step procedure. In the first step, phosphofructokinase B was removed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. In the second step, subunits of phosphofructokinases A and C were separated by dissociation at pH 5.0 followed by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. The separated isozymes were then reassociated by neutralization. Phosphofructokinase C was structurally distinct from phosphofructokinases A (obtained from muscle or brain) and B (obtained from liver) as shown by one-dimensional chymotryptic and staphylococcal V8 protease fingerprints of all three isozymes. In addition, phosphofructokinase C cross-reacted weakly or not at all with antisera raised against phosphofructokinase B or phosphofructokinase A. Phosphofructokinase C was also kinetically distinct from the A and B isozymes. The C isozyme was more sensitive than the A isozyme but less sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by @entity855 , was less sensitive than the A isozyme but more sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by @entity1792 , and was less sensitive than either of the other two isozymes to activation by inorganic @entity1391 , @entity860 , and @entity28235 . The self-association properties of phosphofructokinase C differed from those of the A and B isozymes in that at pH 8.0, the C isozyme did not form oligomers larger than a tetramer under conditions where the other two isozymes did. Thus the properties of phosphofructokinase C are in general quite distinct from those of the other two phosphofructokinase isozymes.

title: Isolation and characterization of phosphofructokinase C from XXXX brain.

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity28235 :: ('MESH:C027652', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose 2,6-bisphosphate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: Development of tolerance to @entity3362 during long-term therapy is a major concern. It has been suggested that @entity15230 (IS-5MN), an active metabolite of @entity3763 , administered twice daily 12 hours apart does not lead to development of tolerance. The duration of effects of IS-5MN at a dose of 20 and 40 mg and of placebo was studied in @entity1 with @entity951 who responded to @entity3362 after the first dose (n = 12) and after 1 week of twice-daily therapy (n = 9). The study was double-blind, randomized and crossover in design. Compared with placebo values, after the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, exercise duration was higher at 2 hours (p less than 0.001) and 6 hours (p less than 0.02). After 1 week of twice-daily therapy at these doses, exercise duration increased at 2 hours (p less than 0.05) but not at 6 or 10 hours after the dose. After the first dose of 20 and 40 mg IS-5MN, standing systolic blood pressure decreased at 2 hours (p less than 0.02). Blood pressure did not change significantly after chronic therapy. Tolerance to antianginal effects during twice-daily therapy with 20 and 40 mg of IS-5MN developed despite higher plasma IS-5MN concentrations at 2 and 6 hours during twice-daily therapy than after the first dose. The tolerance during twice-daily therapy with IS-5MN was characterized by a reduced peak effect at 2 hours and shortened duration of action compared with first-dose effects.

title: Usefulness of twice-daily XXXX in preventing development of tolerance in @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity15230 :: ('MESH:C030397', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide-5-mononitrate']

answer: @entity15230 :: (MESH:C030397,Chemical) :: ['isosorbide-5-mononitrate']


abstract: A 3-year-old Filipino-American @entity1 with recurrent @entity221 , @entity381 , @entity417 , and @entity882 , was found to have a hemoglobin F level of 76.9%. His reticulocyte count was elevated (4.3%), and erythroblasts were present in his peripheral blood. The @entity1 's erythrocytes were microcytic (MCV 66.9 fl) but his serum ferritin level was normal. His bone marrow at initial presentation demonstrated normal cellularity without an increase in blast cells. The disease progressed with worsening @entity417 , @entity491 , and @entity882 , with increased blasts in his marrow and the appearance of a mediastinal mass. His liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were found to be infiltrated with myeloblasts, supporting a diagnosis of @entity12188 ( @entity12188 ). Analysis of the @entity1 's Hb F showed a Ggamma/Agamma ratio of 2.2, which was within the characteristic range for @entity12188 . A globin synthesis study using blood reticulocytes showed an alpha/non-alpha globin synthesis ratio of 2.24, typical of severe homozygous @entity8674 . Southern blot analysis of blood-leukocyte DNA from the @entity1 and his parents demonstrated no apparent abnormality in the beta-globin gene promoter or coding regions. The elevated level of Hb F in this @entity1 with @entity12188 appeared to be part of an acquired @entity8674 -like hematologic phenotype.

title: XXXX ( @entity12188 ) with the hematologic phenotype of severe @entity8674 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity12188 :: ('MESH:D054429', 'Disease') :: ['JMML', 'juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity8674 :: ('MESH:D017086', 'Disease') :: ['beta thalassemia', "Cooley's anemia"]

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity12188 :: (MESH:D054429,Disease) :: ['Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ) might induce less @entity296 . The objective of this study is to evaluate whether @entity1 with @entity1459 have smaller @entity583 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity583 of less than 12 hours since the onset symptoms were included. @entity1459 was defined as unstable @entity951 at rest during the 7 days before the @entity1188 . @entity1188 size was assessed with the area under the curve of CK-MB levels in the 24 hours following the onset of the @entity1188 . RESULTS: One hundred-seventy nine @entity1 were included, 75 (41.9%) with @entity1459 . There were more @entity1 in the group with @entity1459 (89.3% vs 70.2%, p = 0.004) and a higher prevalence of ex-smokers (38.7% vs 19.2%, p = 0.006). We did not find significant differences in @entity583 size between both groups, but a statistically significant interaction between @entity1459 and pre-treatment with @entity4136 drugs was noted (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1459 does not seem to induce less @entity296 in this study. There is a significant interaction between @entity1459 and pre-treatment with @entity4136 drugs.

title: [The effect of pre- @entity1188 unstable XXXX on the size of @entity296 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['Preinfarction angina', 'PA', 'preinfarction angina']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

answer: @entity951 :: (MESH:D000787,Disease) :: ['angina']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a biomaterial derived from chitin, is absorbed by intestinal epithelia without @entity1797 and has diverse biological activities including intestinal epithelial function. However, the mode of action is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of COS on @entity8582 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and its potential applications in the @entity1944 benefited from AMPK activation. COS with molecular weights (MW) from 5,000Da to 14,000Da induced AMPK activation in T84 cells. That with MW of 5,000-Da was the most potent polymer and was used in the subsequent experiments. COS also activated AMPK in other IEC including HT-29 and Caco-2 cells. Mechanism of COS-induced AMPK activation in T84 cells involves @entity460 -sensing receptor (CaSR)-phospholipase C (PLC)-IP3 receptor channel-mediated @entity460 release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In addition, COS promoted tight junction assembly in T84 cells in an AMPK-dependent manner. COS also inhibited NF-kB transcriptional activity and NF-kB-mediated inflammatory response and barrier disruption via AMPK-independent mechanisms. Interestingly, luminal exposure to COS suppressed cholera toxin-induced intestinal fluid secretion by    30% concurrent with AMPK activation in a @entity19 closed loop model. Importantly, oral administration of COS prevented the development of aberrant crypt foci in a @entity19 model of @entity1960 -associated @entity14 ( @entity14 ) via a mechanism involving AMPK activation-induced b-catenin suppression and @entity185 activation. Collectively, this study reveals a novel action of COS in activating AMPK via CaSR-PLC-IP3 receptor channel-mediated @entity460 release from ER. COS may be beneficial in the treatment of secretory diarrheas and @entity14 chemoprevention.

title: Activation of AMPK by chitosan oligosaccharide in intestinal epithelial cells: Mechanism of action and potential applications in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal diseases']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['degradation']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal disorders']


abstract: Oral @entity500 was compared with placebo in a double-blind controlled trial of therapy in @entity9335 ( @entity9335 ), a rare @entity24825 . Eighteen severely affected @entity1 were randomly allocated to @entity500 50 mg t.d.s. or placebo over a 2-year period. Severity of itch and @entity1910 were assessed weekly by each @entity1 on a visual analogue scale and overall clinical status monthly by a medical observer. Monitoring of @entity1 ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure was undertaken throughout treatment by @entity2264 film lapel-badge dosimetry. Five of 8 @entity1 treated with @entity500 but none of 10 placebo @entity1 achieved remission within 6 months. One @entity1 could not tolerate treatment because of gastrointestinal effects. No haematological or hepatic abnormality was noted. The marked improvement in clinical status of actively treated @entity1 (P less than 0.02, Fisher's exact test), led to early termination of the trial. Oral @entity500 therapy is an effective and usually well tolerated treatment in @entity9335 .

title: @entity500 treatment in XXXX : a double-blind controlled trial with monitoring of exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulphone']

entities_list: @entity9335 :: ('MESH:D010787', 'Disease') :: ['chronic actinic dermatitis', 'CAD']

entities_list: @entity24825 :: ('MESH:D017443', 'Disease') :: ['eczematous photodermatosis']

answer: @entity9335 :: (MESH:D010787,Disease) :: ['chronic actinic dermatitis']


abstract: Morphological changes were correlated with biochemical data induced by @entity3695 (PRL) in cultured @entity35 granulosa cells from large preovulatory follicles. Biochemical results indicated that PRL exerted a significant dose-dependent inhibition in gonadotrophin-induced secretion of @entity1420 and @entity53 . PRL alone failed to affect basal steroidogenic secretion. In parallel morphological experiments, using phase-contrast microscopy, untreated and 100 ng/ml PRL-treated cells appeared as a monolayer of flattened, fibroblast-like cells. Upon exposure to 0.4 IU/ml @entity1 chorionic gonadotrophin ( @entity3566 ), aggregates of rounded, epithelioid-shaped cells were formed. The addition of PRL to @entity3566 in the same doses minimized the changes induced by @entity3566 . Similarly, electron microscopy of untreated and PRL-treated cultures revealed flat cells devoid of microvilli, with evenly dispersed microfilaments. The addition of @entity3566 caused rounding of the cells and was accompanied by the appearance of microvilli and by pronounced @entity134 -producing organelles. Bundles of microfilaments were noted at the cell periphery. PRL added to @entity3566 caused a reduction of the @entity3566 effects, and the cell morphology was intermediate to that seen in untreated and @entity3566 -treated cultures. The finding that PRL can prevent or minimize morphological changes caused by @entity3566 in @entity35 cultured granulosa cells correlates with the biochemical changes induced by PRL, and supports the concept that PRL is a modulator of gonadotrophic action in the ovary.

title: Effects of XXXX on the morphology of cultured @entity35 granulosa cells.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17 beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

answer: @entity3695 :: (24683(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['prolactin']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the current referral pattern and delays in treatment of @entity1 with primary @entity2184 . METHODS: 184 consecutive Finnish @entity1 with @entity2184 diagnosed between July 1994 and June 1999 were eligible, and 159 were enrolled (inclusion rate, 86%). Their mean age was 60 years (range 14-87). The dates of visits to dispensing optician, physician, ophthalmologist and ocular oncologist, the presence of symptoms, and reason for consultation were determined by structured telephone interview. Time intervals to treatment planning and treatment were calculated. RESULTS: 139 @entity1 (87%) had symptoms at presentation and 44 @entity1 (28%) had been seen by an ophthalmologist less than 2 years previously. The median height of the @entity5 was 6 mm (range, 1.0-17.0) and its largest basal diameter 11 mm (range 2.5-22.0) at diagnosis. @entity320 developed from a previously detected presumed naevus in 13 @entity1 (8%). When the first contact was a dispensing optician (15%) the median time to treatment planning was 22 days (range 1-1156). When a physician other than an ophthalmologist (19%) was contacted the delay was 68 days (range 0-1283) and when an ophthalmologist (65%) was seen it was 34 days (range 1-1426). These differences were not significant (p=0.32). The chance of being referred at first visit was 89%. Median time to treatment was not associated with symptoms (p=0.16) and @entity5 volume (p=0.29), but it was significantly different between @entity1 who were and were not referred at first visit (140 days v 34 days; p<0.001) and between those treated by @entity3739 and @entity1496 brachytherapy (59 days v 33 days; p=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of delays in management indicates that earlier treatment could be achieved if dilated fundus examinations were performed without exceptions, all suspicious naevi were referred for a second opinion, and if the @entity1 with @entity320 were referred to the ocular oncology service concurrently with staging examinations done at the regional hospital.

title: Mode of presentation and time to treatment of XXXX in Finland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3739 :: ('MESH:D012428', 'Chemical') :: ['ruthenium']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['uveal melanoma']