abstract: OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) in hands and knees. Adipose tissue can secrete different adipokines with powerful immunomodulatory effects. The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is an intra-articular organ in the vicinity of the synovium and cartilage. It is hypothesised that IFP-derived soluble factors could contribute to pathological processes in the knee joint. A study was therefore undertaken to compare the release of inflammatory mediators in the IFP and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) and to characterise the adipocytes and immune cell infiltrate in these tissues. METHODS: Paired IFP and @entity1386 samples were obtained from 27 @entity1 with primary @entity571 . The @entity455 ( @entity455 ) was isolated and characterised by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Cytokine and adipokine release in fat- and adipocyte-conditioned media was measured by luminex. RESULTS: IFP secreted higher levels of inflammatory mediators such as @entity650 ( @entity650 ), @entity16739 , @entity1254 and visfatin than @entity1386 . This could be due to differences in the phenotype of adipocytes and/or in the composition and phenotype of the @entity455 cells. IFP adipocyte-conditioned media showed a trend towards more @entity650 and @entity16739 than @entity1386 . Moreover, the @entity455 fraction of IFP contained more cells/g tissue, a lower percentage of T cells and a higher percentage of mast cells than @entity1386 . In addition, T cells had a predominantly pro-inflammatory phenotype while macrophages had a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotype in the IFP. CONCLUSION: There are profound differences in secreted inflammatory factors and immune cell composition between the IFP and @entity1386 . These data indicate that IFP-derived soluble mediators could contribute to pathophysiological processes in the @entity626 joint.

title: The infrapatellar fat pad of @entity1 with XXXX has an inflammatory phenotype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['stromal vascular cell fraction', 'SVF']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['subcutaneous adipose tissue', 'ScAT']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this trial was to investigate whether @entity64 @entity1 who receive Cerebrolysin show improved motor function in the upper extremities at day 90 compared with @entity1 who receive a placebo. METHODS: This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group study. @entity1 were treated with @entity33825 (30 mL/d) or a placebo (saline) once daily for 21 days, beginning at 24 to 72 hours after @entity64 onset. The @entity1 also participated in a standardized rehabilitation program for 21 days that was initiated within 72 hours after @entity64 onset. The primary end point was the Action Research Arm Test score on day 90. RESULTS: The nonparametric effect size on the Action Research Arm Test score on day 90 indicated a large superiority of Cerebrolysin compared with the placebo (Mann-Whitney estimator, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.79; P<0.0001). The multivariate effect size on global status, as assessed using 12 different outcome scales, indicated a small-to-medium superiority of Cerebrolysin (Mann-Whitney estimator, 0.62; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.65; P<0.0001). The rate of premature discontinuation was <5% (3.8%). Cerebrolysin was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Cerebrolysin had a beneficial effect on function and global outcome in early rehabilitation @entity1 after @entity64 . Its safety was comparable with that of the placebo, suggesting a favorable benefit/risk ratio. Because this study was exploratory and had a relatively small sample size, the results should be confirmed in a large-scale, randomized clinical trial. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL: http://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu. Unique identifier: 2007-000870-21.

title: Cerebrolysin and Recovery After XXXX (CARS): A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity33825 :: ('MESH:C006952', 'Chemical') :: ['Cerebrolysin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between admission serum @entity1760 ( @entity4612 ) levels and risk of @entity1576 ( @entity1576 ) in hospitalised @entity1 is limited. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing @entity1576 in all hospitalised @entity1 with various admission @entity4612 levels. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. All hospitalised adult @entity1 who had admission @entity4612 available from January to December 2013 were analysed in this study. Admission @entity4612 was categorised based on its distribution into six groups (less than 1.5, 1.5-1.7, 1.7-1.9, 1.9-2.1, 2.1-2.3 and greater than 2.3 @entity4612 /dl). The primary outcome was in-hospital @entity1576 occurring after hospital admission. Logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio of @entity1576 of various admission @entity4612 levels using @entity4612 of 1.7-1.9 @entity4612 /dl as the reference group. RESULTS: Of 9780 @entity1 enrolled, @entity1576 occurred in 619 @entity1 (6.3%). The lowest incidence of @entity1576 was when serum @entity4612 within 1.7-1.9 @entity4612 /dl. A U-shaped curve emerged demonstrating higher incidences of @entity1576 associated with both @entity1272 (< 1.7) and hypermagnesemia (> 1.9). After adjusting for potential confounders, both @entity1272 (< 1.5 @entity4612 /dl) and hypermagnesemia (> 2.3 @entity4612 /dl) were associated with an increased risk of developing @entity1576 with odds ratios of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.19-2.36) and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.02-1.91) respectively. CONCLUSION: Both admission @entity1272 and hypermagnesemia were associated with an increased risk for in-hospital @entity1576 .

title: Admission serum @entity1760 levels and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1272 :: ('MESH:C537153', 'Disease') :: ['hypomagnesemia']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Angiogenesis is a highly regulated process orchestrated by the @entity7 system. Heparin/heparan @entity597 (HS) proteoglycans and @entity12867 ( @entity12867 ) have been identified as co-receptors, yet the mechanisms of action have not been fully defined. In the present study we characterized molecular interactions between receptors and co-receptors, using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and in vitro binding assays. Additionally, we demonstrate these binding events are relevant to @entity7 activity witihin endothelial cells. We defined interactions and structural requirements for heparin/HS interactions with @entity6758 ( @entity6758 ), @entity12867 , and @entity1655 in complex with @entity319 and @entity12867 . We demonstrate that these structural requirements are distinct for each interaction. We further show that @entity1655 , @entity319 and monomeric @entity12867 bind weakly to heparin alone, yet show synergistic binding to heparin when presented together in various combinations. This synergistic binding appears to translate to alterations in @entity7 signaling in endothelial cells. We found that soluble @entity12867 increases @entity7 binding and activation of @entity319 and @entity1366 in endothelial cells, and that these effects require sulfated HS. These data suggest that the presence of HS/heparin and @entity12867 may dictate the specific receptor type activated by @entity7 and ultimately determine the biological output of the system. The ability of co-receptors to fine-tune @entity7 responsiveness suggests the possibility that @entity7 -mediated angiogenesis can be selectively stimulated or inhibited by targeting HS/heparin and @entity12867 .

title: Synergistic Binding of XXXX and its Receptors to Heparin Selectively Modulates Complex Affinity.

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity7 :: (7422,Gene) :: ['Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A']


abstract: This study concerns the significance of aberrant (nuclear/cytoplasmic) expression of @entity3546 in @entity3017 ( @entity3017 ). On immunohistochemistry, all seven PBLs examined showed nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of @entity3546 , predominantly in the squamoid corpuscles (SCs). In areas with acinar/ductular differentiation, few @entity5 cells displayed nuclear/cytoplasmic expression of @entity3546 and more than half of the @entity5 cells showed membranous expression. Two out of five (40%) @entity5 examined showed missense mutations in codons 33 and 37 of exon 3 of the @entity3546 gene. No mutation of the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene was detected in two of the remaining three @entity5 . Amplifiable DNA for @entity1412 analysis was not obtained from the one other @entity5 . Immunoreactivity for @entity4910 , one of the nuclear targets of @entity3546 , was found predominantly in the SCs of the seven @entity5 . In contrast, the Ki-67 labelling index was 2-4% (median 3%) in the SCs and 8-18% (median 12%) in the other areas, indicating a negative correlation with nuclear @entity4910 reactivity. These results imply that in PBLs, nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of @entity3546 and overexpression of its target gene @entity4910 are not associated with the induction of @entity5 cell proliferation. Nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of @entity3546 may be related to the morphogenesis of the SCs that are considered most characteristic for @entity3017 .

title: Significance of aberrant (cytoplasmic/nuclear) expression of @entity3546 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity3017 :: ('MESH:C537162', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatoblastoma', 'PBL']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC']

answer: @entity3017 :: (MESH:C537162,Disease) :: ['pancreatoblastoma']


abstract: @entity1179 is an unusual entity for many ophthalmologists. We report a case of @entity1179 of the nasal cavity and sinuses, invading the orbit in a 33-year-old @entity1 . The @entity1 presented with a right medial canthal mass, proptosis, @entity227 , @entity9467 and @entity8968 . In the past, he underwent multiple procedures for surgical @entity5 with frequent recurrences. A computed tomographic scan revealed a mass filling both the nasal cavities and sinuses, destroying adjacent bones and invading the medial aspect of the orbit, leading to proptosis. Excision of the @entity5 was performed by a lateral rhinotomy approach. The @entity5 proved to be an @entity1179 with focal @entity1606 . Post-operative CT scan revealed @entity41 , which responded to radiotherapy, with no recurrence over six months. Histopathologically, these @entity5 are benign, but locally invasive. The @entity5 that invade the orbit are usually locally aggressive, highly malignant and recur frequently. Radical excision of the @entity5 is technically difficult and often incomplete, so radiotherapy should be considered as an adjunct to surgery.

title: XXXX invading the orbit.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['diminution of vision']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity1179 :: ('MESH:D018308', 'Disease') :: ['Inverted papilloma', 'inverted papilloma']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transformation to transitional cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity8968 :: ('MESH:D015508', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction']

answer: @entity1179 :: (MESH:D018308,Disease) :: ['Inverted papilloma']


abstract: The use of barbiturates to induce @entity772 as a means of extending the period of reversible @entity2806 is reviewed. @entity17166 use in @entity1 who had had @entity64 or were undergoing @entity439 surgery was initially encouraging. In uncontrolled feasibility trials in @entity1 with @entity1167 or in deep @entity772 , 40 @entity1 received 10 mg/kg thiopental @entity1372 by i.v. push followed by 20 mg/kg thiopental @entity1372 i.v. over the next 30 minutes; 60% of these @entity1 regained consciousness. In a subgroup of 22 @entity1 who had @entity63 normally associated with a 90% mortality rate, 14 recovered completely. In the largest clinical trial, 45 @entity1 with severe @entity542 and elevated intracranial pressure received 3--5 mg/kg @entity4485 over 10--20 minutes. A serum @entity17166 level of 2.5--4.0 mg/dl was maintained for 14 days, and 30% of these @entity1 recovered but with @entity51 . Other results in @entity64 and drowning victims were not as encouraging. It is concluded that @entity17166 therapy is beneficial in the lowering of intracranial pressure. Focal and global @entity2806 have been shown amenable to @entity17166 therapy in isolated cases. The prophylactic use of barbiturates in surgical procedures requiring focal @entity12807 appears to be beneficial. Controlled trials of the use of @entity17166 -induced @entity772 are clearly indicated.

title: @entity17166 -induced XXXX to protect against @entity2806 and increased intracranial pressure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbital']

entities_list: @entity12807 :: ('MESH:D002534', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral anoxia']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity17166 :: ('MESH:C032232', 'Chemical') :: ['Barbiturate', 'barbiturate']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary arrest']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy of monthly treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab for @entity1103 due to @entity2994 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Randomized, multicenter, comparative trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01428388). @entity1 were randomized 1:1 to receive monthly treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. The primary outcome was change in central foveal thickness at 6 months compared to baseline. RESULTS: The trial randomized 98 @entity1 to treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab. At 6 months, there were no differences in change in central foveal thickness between groups (bevacizumab: mean reduction of 212.6   m, 95% confidence interval [CI], -288.3 to -137.0; ranibizumab: mean reduction of 243.8   m, 95% CI, -309.6 to -178.0; P = .72, analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Both groups showed similar functional outcomes (bevacizumab: 0.33 logMAR gain, 95% CI, -0.47 to -0.18; ranibizumab: 0.34 logMAR gain, 95% CI, -0.45 to -0.23; P = .38, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: In the treatment of @entity2994 , bevacizumab and ranibizumab have similar effects on reducing macular thickness and improving visual acuity. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:844-850.].

title: Bevacizumab Versus Ranibizumab in the Treatment of @entity1103 Due to XXXX : 6-Month Results of the CRAVE Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['Retinal Vein Occlusion']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of @entity2316 , and the @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase system is an important source of reactive @entity26 species in @entity1602 conditions in the kidney. Plasma concentration of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), a marker of oxidative stress, is increased in @entity1 with @entity2316 . We investigated associations of variants in the @entity1115 gene, encoding the regulatory subunit @entity9822 (phox) of @entity1110 oxidase, with @entity2316 and plasma AOPP and @entity3335 ( @entity3335 ) concentrations in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . Seven SNPs in the @entity1115 region were analyzed in 1357 Caucasian subjects with type 1 @entity6 from the SURGENE (n=340), GENEDIAB (n=444), and GENESIS (n=573) cohorts. Duration of follow-up was 10, 9, and 6 years, respectively. Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) or odds ratios (OR) for incidence and prevalence of @entity2316 . The major G-allele of @entity72144 was associated with the incidence of renal events defined as new cases of microalbuminuria or the progression to a more severe stage of @entity8 during follow-up (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.17-2.18, P=0.003) in SURGENE. The same allele was associated with established/advanced @entity8 (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.22-1.92, P=0.0001) and with the incidence of @entity454 ( @entity454 ) (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.30-3.24, P=0.001) in GENEDIAB/GENESIS pooled studies. The risk allele was also associated with higher plasma AOPP concentration in subsets of SURGENE and GENEDIAB, with higher plasma @entity3335 concentration in a subset of GENEDIAB, and with lower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the three cohorts. In conclusion, a functional variant in the promoter of the @entity1115 gene was associated with lower eGFR and with prevalence and incidence of @entity2316 and @entity454 in type 1 @entity6 @entity1 . These results are consistent with a role for @entity1110 oxidase in the pathophysiology of @entity8 of @entity6 .

title: Allelic variations in the @entity1115 gene of @entity1110 oxidase and risk of @entity8 in XXXX with type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney complications']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['MPO', 'myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity11532 or @entity74 has been defined by the @entity4987 as a behavioral addiction. To date, its pathophysiology is not completely understood and there is no FDA-approved treatment for @entity74 . @entity2227 is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the nervous system and it has been recently involved in the pathophysiology of @entity146 . In this paper, we review the current literature on a class of drugs that act as modulating @entity2227 system in PG. A total of 19 studies have been included, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Clinical trial and case series using glutamatergic drugs ( @entity898 , @entity3393 , @entity7776 , @entity1771 , @entity14081 , @entity1772 , @entity2682 , @entity4481 , and @entity2728 ) will be presented to elucidate the effectiveness on gambling behaviors and on the related clinical dimensions (craving, withdrawal, and @entity73 ) in PG @entity1 . The results have been discussed to gain more insight in the pathophysiology and treatment of PG. In conclusion, manipulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission appears to be promising in developing improved therapeutic agents for the treatment of @entity74 . Further studies are required. Finally, we propose future directions and challenges in this research area.

title: Targeting the glutamatergic system to treat XXXX : current evidence and future perspectives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addictive behaviors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity11532 :: ('MESH:D005715', 'Disease') :: ['Pathological gambling']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['gambling disorder', 'gambling disorders']

entities_list: @entity7776 :: ('MESH:D000547', 'Chemical') :: ['amantadine']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['modafinil']

entities_list: @entity4481 :: ('MESH:C080245', 'Chemical') :: ['pregabalin']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity14081 :: ('MESH:C043877', 'Chemical') :: ['acamprosate']

answer: @entity11532 :: (MESH:D005715,Disease) :: ['pathological gambling']


abstract: In most @entity5 disturbed production of cytokines and of their receptors can be noted. The main immune system cells engaged in @entity5 regression with the involvement of cytokines include helper lymphocytes ( @entity1198 ), cytotoxic lymphocytes (Tc) and dendritic cells. It has been noted that cytokines are also produced by the cells of a @entity5 . The present study aimed at immunocytochemical localisation of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in @entity1892 in @entity1 (n = 10). The studies were performed on surgical material following formalin fixation and embedding in paraffin. The control material involved @entity1 reactive lymph nodes (n = 5). @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12 were detected in 4/10 examined cases. Expression of @entity1192 was highly pronounced, as in the control, and was detected in 6/9 examined @entity1 . No @entity310 could be demonstrated in @entity5 even if lymph node expression of the cytokine was demonstrated in the control. The studies pointed to a decreased production of antitumour cytokines in @entity1892 in @entity1 , which might correspond to the progression of the @entity5 .

title: Tissue expression of cytokines ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , @entity650 , IL-12, @entity310 ) in XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity1892 :: (MESH:D016393,Disease) :: ['B-cell lymphomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Since the concept of @entity392 dopaminergic pathway emerged, studies have been proposed to investigate if dopaminergic agents influence @entity392 . We hypothesized that @entity399 , an agonist on D2/D3 receptors, may antagonize @entity392 in the @entity26811 @entity1 (in the frequency range of 250 to 8,000 Hz) in a dose schedule accepted for the treatment of @entity191 in elderly @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: We designed a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled and double-blind trial. METHODS: Forty @entity26811 @entity1 aged 50 years or older with subjective @entity392 were randomized to two groups (20 @entity1 in both). @entity1 in the drug group took @entity399 over a period of 4 weeks according to a treatment schedule as follows: week 1, 0.088 mg t.i.d.; week 2, 0.18 mg t.i.d.; week 3, 0.7 mg t.i.d.; week 4, 0.18 mg t.i.d. over 3 days and 0.088 mg t.i.d. the rest of the week. @entity1 in the second group received placebo. Determination of subjective grading of @entity392 , the @entity1032 inventory (THI) questionnaire and electrocochleography (ECOG) examinations served as the end points. Subjective audiometry was used to produce secondary data. A significant improvement in @entity392 annoyance is found in the group treated with @entity399 versus placebo with respect to @entity392 and a @entity392 greater than 30 dB. However, neither ECOG nor subjective pure-tone threshold audiometry revealed any change in hearing threshold in response to either @entity399 or placebo. CONCLUSIONS: @entity399 is an effective agent against subjective @entity392 associated with @entity26811 at a dose schedule used for the treatment of @entity191 . The drug did not change hearing threshold.

title: Tinnitus control by dopamine agonist XXXX in @entity26811 @entity1 : a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus handicap']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['tinnitus', 'tinnitus perception', 'inhibition of tinnitus', 'decrease of tinnitus loudness']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['Pramipexole', 'pramipexole']

entities_list: @entity26811 :: ('MESH:D011304', 'Disease') :: ['presbycusis']

answer: @entity399 :: (MESH:C061333,Chemical) :: ['pramipexole']


abstract: AIMS: (i) To compare the ratio of right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ( @entity168 / @entity336 ) in @entity1 with @entity2914 ( @entity2914 ) and normal controls and (ii) to examine its association, if any, with outcomes in @entity2914 . METHODS:     Retrospective chart and echocardiographic review of consecutive neonates (<1 month old) with @entity2914 and term controls without structural @entity299 . Right ventricular @entity168 / @entity336 was calculated by a single reader. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2914 (n = 29) were comparable to controls (n = 27) in their mean ( @entity168 ) age [2.2 (3.3) vs. 2 (4.0) days], birthweight [3 (0.67) vs. 3 (0.69) kg] and proportion of males (48.2% vs. 72.4%). The @entity336 and @entity168 / @entity336 were significantly abnormal in the @entity2914 group, compared to controls. Among @entity1 with @entity2914 , those who died (n = 15) and those who died or required ECMO (n = 17) had significantly shorter @entity336 and higher @entity168 / @entity336 ratio. At a cut-off of 1.3, @entity168 / @entity336 ratio had a sensitivity of 92.8 (95% CI 64-99%) and specificity of 61.5 (32-85%) for prediction of mortality. Significant independent associations with mortality were observed with antenatal diagnosis (p = 0.003) and higher @entity168 / @entity336 ratio (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: The right ventricular @entity168 / @entity336 ratio is a sensitive objective prognostic marker in @entity1 with @entity2914 . Further studies incorporating @entity168 / @entity336 ratio as a guide to intervention are warranted.

title: The right ventricular systolic to diastolic duration ratio: a simple prognostic marker in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity2914 :: ('MESH:D065630', 'Disease') :: ['CDH', 'congenital diaphragmatic hernia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects']

answer: @entity2914 :: (MESH:D065630,Disease) :: ['congenital diaphragmatic hernia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5505 is a third-generation cephalosporin almost entirely eliminated by glomerular filtration and dose reductions are essential in @entity1 with @entity8 . The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of @entity5505 make it susceptible to be eliminated by continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT), but there is little clinical information to guide the correct administration in @entity1 undergoing these techniques. METHODS: In vitro procedures were carried out in three different fluids, using @entity8606 or @entity2264 membranes. Four @entity1 entered the in vivo study. Two @entity1 received 1,000 mg every 6 h and the other two 2,000 mg every 6 h. Concentrations of @entity5505 were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: No differences were detected in thesieving coefficients (Sc) or saturation coefficients (Sa)between membranes during continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) or continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHD). Sc-Sa values were close to 1 when Ringer's @entity880 was used as @entity5505 vehicle, but were lower in plasma samples (p < 0.05). In @entity1 , the Sc-Sa was 0.93 +/- 0.06 and correlated well with the unbound fraction (0.86 +/- 0.08). The contribution of CRRT to @entity5505 clearance was higher in anuric @entity1 than in nonanuric @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: No differences were shown in vitro in the Sc obtained with both membranes during CVVH or the Sa obtained during CVVHD. The contribution of clearance by CRRT to total clearance is clearly dependent on the renal function. The administration of @entity5505 every 6 h could be associated with unnecessarily high trough levels which increase the risk of drug nephrotoxicity. Nonanuric @entity1 undergoing CRRT need higher @entity5505 doses to reach adequate plasma concentrations against pathogens isolated in the critically ill.

title: In vitro @entity8606 and XXXX membrane permeability to @entity5505 and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity2264 :: ('MESH:C017662', 'Chemical') :: ['polysulphone']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity5505 :: ('MESH:D002442', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftazidime', 'Ceftazidime']

answer: @entity2264 :: (MESH:C017662,Chemical) :: ['polysulphone']


abstract: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) has been confirmed to be an accurate method for determining left ventricular function. It is a relatively non-invasive technique without inducing @entity1540 . The response of left ventricular function to afterload stress was assessed using DSA for eight @entity1 with old anterior @entity583 and @entity439 including that of the anterior wall (averaging 30.3 months after the acute episodes). Their ages ranged from 36 to 65 years and one @entity1 was a @entity1 . Prior to the investigation, we confirmed that a single DSA procedure did not alter left ventricular function in a pilot study of one @entity1 (No. 8). After initial DSA in the basal state, @entity7202 was infused intravenously (1 to 2 mg/min). When aortic systolic blood pressure increased by 30 to 50 mmHg, a second DSA was performed for each @entity1 . Left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions were calculated by the area-length method, and regional wall motion was assessed by the visual method according to the AHA classification and the curvature radius of the @entity439 was calculated. @entity7202 induced neither @entity712 nor @entity951 in the present series. The heart rates decreased, and there were a significant increase in end-systolic volumes (p less than 0.05), end-systolic radii (p less than 0.05), and a significant decrease in ejection fractions (p less than 0.02) after @entity7202 infusion. In 32 of 40 segments, regional wall motion was unchanged by @entity7202 as assessed by the visual method; whereas, in the other eight, there was a deterioration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Functional reserve of the ischemic left ventricle with XXXX to afterload stress: digital subtraction angiographic assessments].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxamine', 'Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['apical ventricular aneurysm', 'ventricular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['premature ventricular complexes']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['ventricular aneurysm']


abstract: The present review deals with 63 adult @entity1 having acute nontuberculous @entity3509 treated by early thoracotomy and decortication, during the period from 1955 through 1979. Group I (38 @entity1 ) had postpneumonic @entity3509 , but no underlying disease. Group II (25 @entity1 ) had acute @entity3509 and one or more serious associated diseases. Positive cultures were present in 45 of 63 @entity1 (71.4%). Most surgeons have customarily recommended conservative management, especially for @entity1 in Group II, because of the supposedly "high risk" involved in decortication. Consequently, the mortality is extremely high. The @entity3509 must be cured; a "well drained" or "controlled" @entity3509 will not suffice. The severely ill @entity1 can better withstand the ordeal of a major operation than the deleterious effects of a lingering @entity3509 . The critically ill @entity1 is best managed by the primary procedure of open thoracotomy and decortication. The author's experience confirms that such @entity1 can expect an outlook (8% mortality) approaching the zero mortality of Group I @entity1 .

title: Early thoracotomy and decortication for nontuberculous XXXX in adults with and without underlying disease. A twenty-five year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity3509 :: (MESH:D004653,Disease) :: ['empyema']


abstract: @entity579 plants grown in paddy fields preferentially use @entity3104 as a source of inorganic @entity1568 . @entity1160 synthetase (GS) catalyses the conversion of @entity3104 to @entity1160 . Of the three genes encoding cytosolic GS in @entity579 , OsGS1;1 is critical for normal growth and grain filling. However, the basis of its physiological function that may alter the rate of @entity1568 assimilation and @entity505 metabolism within the context of metabolic networks remains unclear. To address this issue, we carried out quantitative comparative analyses between the metabolite profiles of a @entity579 mutant lacking OsGS1;1 and its background @entity164 ( @entity164 ). The mutant plants exhibited severe retardation of shoot growth in the presence of @entity3104 compared with the @entity164 . Overaccumulation of free @entity3104 in the leaf sheath and roots of the mutant indicated the importance of OsGS1;1 for @entity3104 assimilation in both organs. The metabolite profiles of the mutant line revealed: (i) an imbalance in levels of @entity3363 , @entity1522 and metabolites in the @entity6626 cycle, and (ii) overaccumulation of secondary metabolites, particularly in the roots under a continuous supply of @entity3104 . Metabolite-to-metabolite correlation analysis revealed the presence of mutant-specific networks between @entity7300 and other primary metabolites in the roots. These results demonstrated a crucial function of OsGS1;1 in coordinating the global metabolic network in @entity579 plants grown using @entity3104 as the @entity1568 source.

title: Metabolomics data reveal a crucial role of cytosolic XXXX synthetase 1;1 in coordinating metabolic balance in @entity579 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity7300 :: ('MESH:C030820', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptamine']

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutamine', 'glutamine']

entities_list: @entity6626 :: ('CHEBI:27093', 'Chemical') :: ['tricarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity3104 :: ('MESH:D000644', 'Chemical') :: ['ammonium']

answer: @entity1160 :: (CHEBI:28300,Chemical) :: ['glutamine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity785 ( @entity785 ) is a complex and not fully understood @entity792 associated with @entity82 of multiple organs. The main effector cells, the myofibroblasts, are collagen-producing cells derived from the activation of resting fibroblasts. This process is regulated by a complex repertoire of profibrotic cytokines, and among them @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) and @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) play a major role. In this paper we show that @entity2533 and @entity2232 receptors co-operate in myofibroblast activation, and @entity19629 , an @entity2232 receptor antagonist binding @entity2232 receptors, might interfere with both @entity2533 and @entity2232 pathways, preventing myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from healthy controls and @entity785 @entity1 were treated with @entity2533 and @entity2232 and successively analyzed for @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) and collagen ( @entity13239 ) expression and for the @entity11280 and Mad Related (SMAD) phosphorylation. We further tested the ability of @entity19629 to interfere with these process. Furthermore, we silenced @entity2232 and @entity2232 receptor A expression and evaluated the formation of an @entity2232 / @entity2533 receptor complex by immunoprecitation assay. RESULTS: We showed myofibroblast activation in @entity785 fibroblasts assessing the expression of @entity1970 and @entity13239 , after stimulation with @entity2533 and @entity2232 . @entity19629 interfered with both @entity2232 - and @entity2533 -induced fibroblast activation. To explain this unexpected inhibitory effect of @entity19629 on @entity2533 activity, we silenced @entity2232 expression on @entity785 fibroblasts and co-immunoprecipitated these two receptors, showing the formation of an @entity2232 / @entity2533 receptor complex. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity785 , @entity2232 produced by activated endothelia contributes to myofibroblast activation using @entity2533 machinery via an @entity2232 / @entity2533 receptor complex. @entity19629 interferes with the profibrotic action of @entity2533 , blocking the @entity2232 receptor portion of the @entity2232 / @entity2533 receptor complex.

title: XXXX inhibits the transforming growth factor-b profibrotic action, blocking the signaling mediated by the ETR/TbRI complex in @entity785 dermal fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity19629 :: ('MESH:C533860', 'Chemical') :: ['Macitentan', 'macitentan']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['a-SMA', 'alpha smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-b', 'transforming growth factor beta']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic sclerosis', 'SSc']

answer: @entity19629 :: (MESH:C533860,Chemical) :: ['Macitentan']


abstract: Conservative management of @entity320 by radioactive plaques or protonbeam is widely used since 1968. The treatment of these @entity5 at Curie Institute has been done with @entity1953 plaques since 1968. Indications were first monophthalmic @entity1 but are now much wide. We have been treating since 1981 all @entity1 with @entity5 diameter less than 17 mm and @entity5 height less than 12 mm. The technic includes general anesthesia to place the disc with localisation of the @entity5 by transillumination or by indirect ophthalmoscopy. A dose of 70 to 90 grays is delivered to the apex of the @entity5 . We report two cases of @entity1 treated by @entity1953 60 plaque for @entity320 . The first @entity1 has a 5 mm high @entity320 temporal to the macula. After treatment by @entity1953 plaque, he showed no echographic changes but angiograms revealed an hypofluorescent zone in the central part of the @entity5 . The second @entity1 has an 8 mm @entity5 that after plaque showed only angiographic changes. Evolution after treatment of @entity320 by radioactive plaque is variable. Echographic changes are very low and it is frequent to observe no modification in the height of the @entity5 for a long time for this reason, repeated angiograms can be very useful in the follow up of these @entity1 . They frequently show hypofluorescent spot in the central part of a @entity5 that was hyperfluorescent before treatment. Sometimes there is diffuse lowering of the fluorescence. We think that these modifications of fluorescence can be due to diminution of the vascularisation of the @entity5 or may be to central @entity39 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Value of angiography in the surveillance of @entity320 treated by XXXX disk].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choro  dal melanoma', 'choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity1953 :: (MESH:D003035,Chemical) :: ['cobalt']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8619 ( @entity8619 ) is a unique disorder affecting generally the older age group. Numerous studies have been done on various aspects of @entity8619 such as pathogenesis, rate of malignant transformation, etc. However, very few studies are available with respect to clinical features especially association of @entity2117 and @entity8619 . This study aims at studying the clinical aspects of @entity8619 and study the association between @entity2117 and @entity8619 in a south Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 @entity1 with @entity8619 who attended the outpatient department of our institution were included in the study and a complete history, followed by thorough intraoral examination was done. All the data were recorded and assessed for statistical analysis using SPSS software. RESULTS: We found that the male to female ratio affected with @entity8619 was 1:1 and the most common form of @entity8619 that was seen was the reticular subtype. Also, buccal mucosa was the most common affected site and more than 60% @entity1 had @entity2117 associated with the site affected by @entity8619 . We found a statistically significant relation between the reticular type of @entity8619 and the older age group (51-70 years) with @entity2117 . CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to say anything conclusively, post-inflammatory changes occurring the mucosa due to @entity8619 could be a cause for @entity2117 in the sites affected.

title: A clinical study on oral lichen planus with special emphasis on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8619 :: ('MESH:D017676', 'Disease') :: ['OLP', 'Oral lichen planus']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['hyperpigmentation']

answer: @entity2117 :: (MESH:D017495,Disease) :: ['hyperpigmentation']


abstract: Antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella spp., is an emerging problem of food safety. Antimicrobial use can result in selection of resistant organisms. The food chain is considered a route of transmission of resistant pathogens to @entity1 . In many European countries, @entity13135 are one of the most commonly used antimicrobials. The aim of our investigation was to assess the prevalence of sul genes and plasmid occurrence among @entity11682 -resistant Salmonella spp. Eighty-four @entity11682 -resistant isolates were collected in 2008 and 2013 from retail products in Poland. Minimal inhibitory concentration of all of these isolates was >= 1024    g/mL. Resistant isolates were tested for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3, and @entity18142 genes by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In total, 44.0% (37/84) isolates carried the sul1 gene, 46.4% (39/84) were sul2 positive, while the sul3 gene was not detected in any of the @entity11682 -resistant isolates tested. It was found that 3.6% (3/84) of resistant Salmonella spp. contained sul1, sul2, and intI genes. All 33 intI-positive isolates carried the sul1 gene. Eleven of the @entity11682 -resistant isolates were negative for all the sul genes. Most of the @entity11682 -resistant Salmonella spp. harbored plasmids; only in eight isolates were no plasmids detected. Generally, the size of the plasmids ranged from approximately 2   kb to >= 90   kb. Our results revealed a relatively a high prevalence of @entity13135 -resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from retail food. Additionally, we have detected a high dissemination of plasmids and class 1 integrons that may enhance the spread of resistance genes in the food chain.

title: Resistance to XXXX and Dissemination of sul Genes Among Salmonella spp. Isolated from Food in Poland.

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

answer: @entity13135 :: (MESH:D013449,Chemical) :: ['Sulfonamides']


abstract: Myocardium salvaged by early thrombolysis and then perfused through a residual stenosis may be at risk for @entity63 events. To investigate this possibility, the short-term (2-week) clinical course of 81 consecutive @entity1 managed within a randomized intracoronary thrombolysis trial was reviewed. All @entity1 underwent coronary angiography within 5 hours of symptoms of @entity583 and were stratified into the following 3 outcome groups: @entity1 with @entity432 (subtotal group, n = 17), those with @entity432 and @entity1188 artery reperfusion (reperfused group, n = 24) and those with continued @entity1188 @entity432 (occluded group, n = 40). Recurrent @entity63 events were defined as spontaneous @entity951 , provokable angina on predischarge exercise testing, and reinfarction. Eleven of 17 @entity1 (65%) in the subtotal and 11 of 23 @entity1 (48%) in the reperfused groups had an @entity63 event (difference not significant). In contrast, 4 of 37 @entity1 (11%) with occlusion had an @entity63 event (p less than 0.01 compared with @entity1 in the subtotal or reperfused groups). Four @entity1 were excluded because of early (within 72 hours) elective coronary bypass surgery or death from pump failure. To eliminate the impact of multivessel @entity453 ( @entity453 ), 39 @entity1 with 1-vessel @entity453 were analyzed separately. Five of 9 @entity1 (56%) in the subtotal group, 3 of 10 (30%) in the reperfused group and only 2 of 20 (10%) in the occluded group had an @entity63 event. These observations suggest the need for a more definitive revascularization strategy for @entity583 .

title: Recurrent early @entity63 events after thrombolysis for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['typical angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['initially subtotal occlusion', 'artery occlusion', 'initial total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity13277 is a rare @entity465 , due to defective granulocyte activity. The syndrome is characterized by large inclusion bodies in the leukocytes, @entity4068 , @entity3917 , @entity346 , and recurrent infections. Some @entity1 develop @entity828 , @entity3329 , @entity3043 and widespread organ infiltrates with mononucleated cells. This phase is called "accelerated (or @entity706 ) phase". A 5 years old @entity1 with C.H.S. in accelerated phase received initially medical treatment without improvement. A splenectomy was performed to remove the @entity6118 and the mechanical compression of the spleen on the gut. Few days after the splenectomy the fever and the @entity3043 disappeared. The pathological examination of the spleen showed multiple intraparenchymal abscesses. Unfortunately, six months after the operation, she died after an acute episode of @entity55 , with normal hematological pattern. The splenectomy may play a role in the "accelerated phase" of C.H.S., but new treatments (bone marrow transplantation) are necessary to remove the basic disease.

title: [Role of splenectomy in XXXX in its accelerated phase].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma-like syndrome']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity6118 :: ('MESH:D006971', 'Disease') :: ['hypersplenism']

entities_list: @entity13277 :: ('MESH:D002609', 'Disease') :: ['Chediak-Higashi (C.H.S.) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

answer: @entity13277 :: (MESH:D002609,Disease) :: ['Chediak-Higashi syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to clarify the distinctions in the clinical characteristics and outcomes between early- and late-onset severe @entity55 after renal transplantation requiring ICU admission. METHODS: The data were retrospectively collected in consecutive renal recipients with severe @entity55 from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2013, in a tertiary ICU. We classified the @entity1 according to the time of @entity55 onset as follows: early-onset severe @entity55 (E-SP) corresponded to a @entity358 occurring during the first year following the transplantation, and late-onset severe @entity55 (L-SP) corresponded to a @entity358 occurring after the first year following the transplantation. RESULTS: In the E-SP @entity1 , fungi (42.1%) and viruses (31.6%) were the most common pathogens. Twenty-three (71.9%) @entity1 received non-invasive ventilation (NIV), 15 (65.2%) of whom were intubated. The median duration of the ICU and hospital stays was 11    5 and 19    4 days, respectively. In the L-SP @entity1 , bacteria (42.1%) and viruses (26.3%) were the predominant pathogens. Four of 15 (26.7%) @entity1 failed NIV treatment. The median duration of the ICU and hospital stays was 9    3 and 16    3 days, respectively. The ICU mortality among the E-SP @entity1 was 18.8% (6 of 32), compared with 7.1% (2 of 28) in the L-SP group (P = 0.264). CONCLUSIONS: Early-onset severe @entity55 in renal transplant recipients resulted in a more serious condition, higher rate of NIV failure, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, and increased length of ICU and hospital stays.

title: Early- and late-onset severe XXXX after renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and @entity3976 of the lateral recess of sphenoid sinuses are rare findings. A congenital bony defect in the lateral wall of sphenoid sinus called Sternberg's canal could be the origin of these lesions. Their endoscopic transnasal management is challenging though less traumatic than transcranial approaches. The aim of this study was to define Sternberg's canal as a potential source for these rare lesions and to describe their endoscopic endonasal management. METHODS: In a retrospective analysis clinical charts of 27 @entity1 with CSF-leaks and / or @entity3976 operated between March 2002 and October 2008 at the University ENT-hospital Graz have been reviewed. All @entity1 were treated by an endoscopic endonasal approach. RESULTS: Five @entity1 (4 female / 1 male) were identified with spontaneous CSF-leaks from sphenoid sinus and @entity3976 . In all five cases, Sternberg's canal was the site of leakage, with the bony and dural defects always located laterally between the @entity9 . Mean age was 51.2 years and mean body mass index (BMI) was 31.9 kg/m2. All @entity1 were operated using a multilayer closure technique. Two @entity1 had recurrences after 12 days and 7 months, respectively, managed by endoscopic revision surgery resulting in a 100% closure rate after one revision (mean follow-up: 6.5 months). CONCLUSION: Persisting Sternberg's canal can be the source of spontaneous CSF-leaks and @entity3976 in the lateral recess of sphenoid sinus especially when associated with extensive pneumatisation. Endoscopic management is technically challenging, nevertheless its advantages are a good view of the surgical field while being less traumatic than transcranial approaches.

title: Spontaneous CSF-leaks and XXXX in sphenoid sinus by persisting Sternberg's canal.

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephaloceles']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['maxillary and Vidian nerves']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['meningoencephaloceles']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pathogenic amoeba @entity2330 is one of the causative agents of health hazards in tropical countries. It causes @entity16126 , @entity1960 and @entity5572 in @entity1 . @entity68 is one of the essential nutritional resources for survival and @entity281 caused by the amoeba. The parasite has developed multiple ways to import, sequester and utilize @entity68 from various @entity68 -binding proteins from its host. In spite of its central role in pathogenesis, the mechanism of @entity68 uptake by the parasite is largely unknown. Here, we carried out a systematic study to understand the role of some of the amoebic homologues of @entity1 endocytic Rab GTPases ( @entity4814 and @entity38148 , @entity27341 and @entity21219 ) in intracellular transport of @entity1 holo- @entity69 by the parasite. Flow cytometry and quantitative microscopic image analysis revealed that @entity4814 and @entity27341 are required for the biogenesis of amoebic giant endocytic vacuoles (GEVs) and regulate the early phase of intracellular trafficking of @entity69 . @entity21219 is involved in the late phase, leading to the degradation of @entity69 in the amoebic lysosome-like compartments. Using time-lapse fluorescence imaging in fixed trophozoites, we determined the kinetics of the vesicular transport of @entity69 through @entity4814 -, @entity27341 - and @entity21219 -positive compartments. The involvement of @entity27341 in the early phase of endocytosis by the parasite marks a significant divergence from its host in terms of spatiotemporal regulation by the Rab GTPases.

title: Insights into endosomal maturation of @entity1 holo- @entity69 in the enteric parasite XXXX : essential roles of @entity27341 and @entity4814 in biogenesis of giant early endocytic vacuoles.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic dysentery']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: Out of every 17-18 individuals in the US, one develops @entity14 ( @entity14 ) in their lifetime. Of individuals diagnosed with @entity14 , > 50% present or develop @entity3 , which, if untreated, is associated with 6-9 months median survival. Although surgical resection is the primary treatment modality for @entity14 , chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for metastatic or unresectable disease. For nearly three decades, @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) has been the chemotherapy of choice for treatment of @entity14 . However, the response rates to single @entity1487 therapy have been suboptimal with an objective @entity5 response of 10-20%. Attempts have been made to improve the efficacy of @entity1487 by either schedule alteration (protracted infusion versus intravenous push) or biochemical modulation with @entity4181 (LV). Continuous infusion induced more @entity5 regression and prolonged the time-to-disease progression with some significant impact on survival (11.3 versus 12.1 months; p < 0.04). @entity1487 /LV resulted in a significant increase in overall response rates and in the prolongation of disease-free survival in the adjuvant setting, although severe @entity137 represent a major clinical problem. The last 10 years have seen the addition of several new agents such as @entity2600 , @entity901 , raltitrexed, bevacizumab and cetuximab. The prognosis has significantly improved with the addition of these agents, with median survivals now > 20 months. This review paper focuses on @entity2600 , @entity901 and raltitrexed when used alone and in combination.

title: XXXX , @entity901 and raltitrexed for the treatment of advanced @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['irinotecan']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity2600 :: (MESH:C051890,Chemical) :: ['Irinotecan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Registry databases offer the statistical power to analyze differences in graft survival rates that may not be detected in randomized clinical trials. This study analyses 2-year graft survival using @entity1140 (tac) or @entity205 ( @entity870 ) with @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) and @entity230 . METHODS: Data reported to the United Network for Organ Sharing Renal Transplant Registry for living-donor kidney @entity1 receiving a transplant during 1998 to 1999 were included. The primary end point was graft survival after adjustment for confounding variables. A Cox model multivariate analysis was used to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: @entity1 receiving CsA- @entity2098 (n=4,686) and tac- @entity2098 (n=2,393) were included. Unadjusted all-cause 2-year graft survival rate was significantly higher with CsA- @entity2098 than tac- @entity2098 (94.3% vs. 92.2%, P=0.0006). After adjustment for potential confounding factors, risk of graft failure at 2 years was significantly higher in @entity1 receiving tac- @entity2098 versus CsA- @entity2098 for both all-cause graft failure (hazards ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-1.49, P=0.002) and death-censored graft failure (HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05-1.49, P=0.013). Other independent risk factors for graft failure were recipient or donor age greater than 55 years, female sex, pretransplant blood transfusions, one or two haplotype mismatches compared with zero haplotype mismatch, and panel reactive antibody (PRA) greater than 30%. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that 2-year renal allograft survival is significantly higher in living-donor recipients receiving CsA compared with tac as initial immunosuppression in combination with @entity2098 .

title: Graft survival following living-donor renal transplantation: a comparison of @entity1140 and @entity205 microemulsion with @entity618 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

answer: @entity230 :: (MESH:D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroids']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preoperative injection of Tc99 is standardly performed before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) for @entity0 . Multiple questions have arisen concerning appropriate technique for SLNBs including site of injection, timing and injection material. The aim of this study was to assess the concordance between a new method, superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) and the Tc99 radiotracer to identify the SLN in early @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2013 and March 2014, 120 @entity1 with clinically node negative early @entity0 were included in the study. @entity1 were injected the day before the radiotracer for lymphoscintigraphy and injected the SPIO subareolar intraoperatively. SLN was excised if it was radioactive, magnetic or palpable. @entity1 signed an inform consent. RESULTS: There was no drainage by either technique in 2 @entity1 , so this leaves 118 @entity1 for further analysis. Detection rate by Tc 99 was successful in 113 (95.7%%) @entity1 and by SPIO in 116 (98.3%). Concordance rates per @entity1 between techniques was 98.2%. The SLN was positive in 36 (30%) @entity1 . Of this, SLN positivity was detected by both techniques in 32 @entity1 . Mean number of SLNs by 99Tc and SPIO were 1.9 and 2.21 respectively (p  =  0.001). DISCUSSION: Detection of SLNs with SPIO allows for easy identification of axillary nodes, at a frequency not inferior to the radiotracer. It is an oncologically safe procedure, facilitates @entity1 and operative room management and can be used to reliably identify SLNs in @entity0 .

title: The superparamagnetic XXXX is equivalent to the Tc99 radiotracer method for identifying the sentinel lymph node in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: We have previously shown that adenoviral-mediated interferon a (Ad- @entity4020 ) is cytotoxic both to cells that are sensitive to recombinant interferon a ( @entity4020 ) and to cells which are resistant to @entity4020 . The @entity5 cell-specific cytotoxic effects of Ad- @entity4020 involve three different mechanisms: 1. The direct effect of @entity4020 production causing @entity5 cell death in @entity4020 sensitive cells (1); 2. The direct effect of Ad- @entity4020 @entity281 and high levels of @entity4020 expression in @entity4020 resistant @entity5 cells (2); and 3. The indirect effect of the Ad- @entity4020 bystander factors produced (2-4). After Ad- @entity4020 @entity281 , the cells produce a large amount of perinuclear localized IFN protein. This protein over-load could be a major factor in the direct @entity5 cell death of those cells infected with Ad- @entity4020 compared with the indirect cytotoxic effects of the bystander factors produced. Here, we investigated whether a component of Ad-IFN-induced cell death involves @entity1284 -induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, using an @entity4020 -resistant @entity1 @entity150 cell line (KU7), and the normal @entity1 urothelial cell line, TERT-NHUC, as preclinical models. We found that the two ER stress response pathways examined were activated in KU7 cells. In contrast, following treatment of the normal TERT-NHUC cells with Ad- @entity4020 , no ER stress signals were observed. In addition, no ER stress related changes were seen, when KU7 cells were exposed to conditioned medium from Ad- @entity4020 -treated KU7 cells, indicating that bystander produced @entity137 did not involve ER stress. After 24   h of Ad- @entity4020 @entity281 , the KU7 @entity5 cells produced spliced @entity5594 and @entity14920 protein ( @entity14920 ), evoking an ER stress response that could contribute to Ad- @entity4020 induced apoptosis in these @entity5 cells. In addition, @entity3726 / @entity3726 , @entity24765 and @entity589 were also subsequently modified following activation of the ER stress pathways, thereby signaling downstream effectors in a pro-apoptotic manner.

title: Direct gene transfer of adenoviral-mediated interferon a into XXXX @entity150 cells but not the bystander factors produced induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-related @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5594 :: ('7494', 'Gene') :: ['X-box binding protein 1']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity14920 :: ('22926', 'Gene') :: ['activating transcription factor 6', 'ATF6']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['protein overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis in the literature that torque resistance of @entity2003 is the difference between the independent contributions of stretched and shortened muscles. The hypothesis was tested using muscle-specific stretch-shortening (MSSS) EMG ratio in this study. Nineteen @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) and 18 healthy subjects (the mean age comparable to that of @entity1 ) participated in this study. The EMG activity was measured in the four muscles involved in wrist joint movement, i.e. flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis and extensor carpi ulnaris. The passive flexion-extension movement with a range of   30    was applied at wrist joint. Root mean squared (RMS) mean was calculated from the envelope of the EMG for each of stretching and shortening phases. MSSS EMG ratio was defined as the ratio of RMS EMG of stretching phase and RMS EMG of shortening phase of a single muscle, and it was calculated for each muscle. MSSS EMG ratios were smaller than one in all muscles. These results indicate that all wrist muscles generate greater mean EMG during shortening than during stretching. Therefore, the torque resistance of @entity2003 cannot be explained as the simple summation of independent antagonistic torque pair.

title: Comparison of EMG during passive stretching and shortening phases of each muscle for the investigation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian rigidity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["idiopathic Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['parkinsonian rigidity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date there is no agreement as to what is the optimal concentration for @entity2287 -based contrast agents (GBCAs). PURPOSE: To assess whether diagnostic performance differences exist between 0.5   M and 1.0   M GBCAs used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed literature search identified 21 clinical studies published between 2005 and 2013 which evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of both types of GBCAs. Study design, type of procedure, GBCA administration mode, imaging performances, impact on @entity1 management, study limitations, and biases were analyzed. No statistical test was performed on pooled data. RESULTS: Sixteen comparative and five non-comparative studies were analyzed, involving 2183 @entity1 who underwent MRI procedures for various indications. In 67% of the studies, 0.5   M and 1.0   M GBCAs were injected at equimolar @entity2287 amounts per kg body weight. Only 33% applied the same molar flow rate for delivery of the GBCAs. No significant differences between GBCAs were reported for 23 out of 27 qualitative endpoints (mainly image quality, lesion, and vessel visualization) and 29 out of 40 quantitative endpoints. Three out of four studies with non-equimolar delivery rates showed better contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios for 1.0   M @entity2288 , without showing an impact on diagnostic performance. Methodological biases were identified in several studies impairing the interpretation of comparisons. CONCLUSION: Imaging differences between 0.5   M and 1.0   M GBCAs were essentially observed under non-equimolar delivery rates. However, they did not result into greater diagnostic efficacy when performed under equimolar conditions.

title: Effects of XXXX -based contrast agent concentrations (0.5   M or 1.0   M) on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging examinations: systematic review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity2288 :: ('MESH:C090600', 'Chemical') :: ['gadobutrol']

answer: @entity2287 :: (MESH:D005682,Chemical) :: ['gadolinium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhalation of @entity17244 nanoparticles (CBNPs) causes @entity55 ; however, time course data to evaluate the detailed evolution of lung inflammatory responses are lacking. Here we establish a time-series of lung inflammatory response to CBNPs. Female C57BL/6 @entity19 were intratracheally instilled with 162 g CBNPs alongside vehicle controls. Lung tissues were examined 3h, and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 42days (d) post-exposure. Global gene expression and @entity55 were assessed. DNA damage was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and lung tissue using the comet assay. Increased neutrophil influx was observed at all time-points. DNA strand breaks were increased in BAL cells 3h post-exposure, and in lung tissues 2-5d post-exposure. Approximately 2600 genes were differentially expressed (  1.5 fold; p <=0.05) across all time-points in the lungs of exposed @entity19 . Altered transcript levels were associated with immune-inflammatory response and acute phase response pathways, consistent with the BAL profiles and expression changes found in common @entity1576 . Genes involved in DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and muscle contraction were also differentially expressed. Gene expression changes associated with inflammatory response followed a biphasic pattern, with initial changes at 3h post-exposure declining to base-levels by 3d, increasing again at 14d, and then persisting to 42d post-exposure. Thus, this single CBNP exposure that was equivalent to nine 8-h working days at the current Danish occupational exposure limit induced biphasic inflammatory response in gene expression that lasted until 42d post-exposure, raising concern over the chronic effects of CBNP exposure.

title: @entity17244 nanoparticles induce biphasic gene expression changes associated with inflammatory responses in the lungs of C57BL/6 XXXX following a single intratracheal instillation.

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity17244 :: ('MESH:D053260', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon black']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary inflammation']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is demonstrated in 40% of @entity1 after adenotonsillectomy. We previously evaluated the basis of management decisions in @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 and found that 61% of decisions were non-evidence based. The aim of this study was to identify gaps in evidence for the management of @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: We recorded all real-time decisions made by pediatric subspecialists from eight disciplines that participated in an upper airway clinic and management conferences. Practitioners were immediately queried regarding the basis of their decisions, and non-evidence-based decisions were categorized. RESULTS: During 10 case conferences and five clinics, 507 decisions were made for 63 @entity1 (43% with Down syndrome, 20% with Pierre Robin sequence). The 309 non-evidence-based decisions most commonly pertained to follow-up timing and appropriate subspecialty clinic location (116/309, 38%) as well as timing for repeat polysomnography (35/309, 11%), especially in @entity1 at high risk for persistent @entity27 after treatment. Additional gaps identified included the likelihood of @entity27 improvement from @entity353 , and effectiveness of sleep surgical procedures (i.e., lingual tonsillectomy, posterior midline glossectomy, and craniofacial surgery) alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS: Identified gaps in evidence included timing and location of follow-up, appropriate use of polysomnography for surveillance, effectiveness of specific surgical procedures performed alone and in combination, and the use of oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in @entity1 with Down syndrome. We also found a need for studies to compare the effectiveness of these treatment options in diverse @entity1 populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Gaps in evidence: Management of XXXX without @entity1184 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'Persistent obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['pediatric obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epicardial adipose tissue represents visceral adiposity, and the coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) score (CACS) has been suggested as a reasonable surrogate for @entity453 . Epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and blood pressure status can be attributed to @entity729 . OBJECTIVE: The present study was performed to evaluate the association between EFT and @entity729 according to blood pressure status in nonhypertensive individuals. METHODS: The CACS and echocardiographic EFT measurement were performed in a total of 1878 nonhypertensive individuals (1535 @entity1 ; mean age, 44      8.3  years). Subjects were divided into quartiles according to EFT ( <=2.575, 2.576-3.168, 3.169-3.900, and >3.900  mm) and into 2 groups according to the presence of CAC. Additionally, individuals were classified as normotensive (n  =  1064) or @entity1556 (n  =  814). RESULTS: The prevalence of CACS >0 group in @entity1556 individuals was 6.1%, 18.1%, 22.6%, and 29.9% in the lowest, second, third, and highest EFT quartiles, respectively (P  <  .001) and 7.3%, 13.1%, 14.0%, and 13.9% in the normotensive group (P  =  .050). On multivariate regression analysis, the second, third, and highest quartile EFT groups had higher odds ratios for the presence of CAC than that of the lowest quartile (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], 3.849 [1.215-12.194], 4.069 [1.235-13.412], and 4.383 [1.385-13.875], respectively), although only in @entity1556 individuals. Moreover, an increased absolute EFT level was also associated with increased CACS in @entity1556 individuals (standardized b  =  0.101, P  =  .035). CONCLUSION: This study showed an independent relationship between EFT and @entity729 in nonhypertensive individuals, with variable differences in this association according to blood pressure status.

title: The association between epicardial fat thickness and XXXX according to blood pressure status in nonhypertensive individuals: From the CAESAR study.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery calcification']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertensive']

answer: @entity729 :: (MESH:D061205,Disease) :: ['coronary artery calcification']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) @entity137 mediated by dual @entity9859 and @entity2247 inhibition of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause serious alterations of mucosal integrity or, more commonly, intolerable @entity344 that may necessitate discontinuation of therapy. Unlike NSAIDs, @entity13586 targets only the @entity2247 isoform. OBJECTIVE: To assess the tolerability of @entity13586 compared with @entity1623 for treatment of @entity571 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: 600 office and clinical research sites. @entity1 : 5557 @entity1 (mean age, 63 years) with a baseline diagnosis of @entity571 of the knee, hip, hand, or spine. INTERVENTION: @entity13586 , 25 mg/d, or @entity1623 , 500 mg twice daily. Use of routine medications, including @entity117 , was permitted. MEASUREMENTS: Discontinuation due to GI adverse events (primary end point) and use of concomitant medication to treat @entity344 (secondary end point). Efficacy was determined by @entity1 -reported global assessment of disease status and the Australian/Canadian @entity571 Hand Index, as well as discontinuations due to lack of efficacy. @entity1 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 6 and 12. RESULTS: Rates of cumulative discontinuation due to GI adverse events were statistically significantly lower in the @entity13586 group than in the @entity1623 group (5.9% vs. 8.1%; relative risk, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.92]; P = 0.005), as were rates of cumulative use of medication to treat @entity344 (9.1% vs. 11.2%; relative risk, 0.79 [CI, 0.66 to 0.96]; P = 0.014]). Subgroup analysis of @entity1 who used low-dose @entity117 (13%) and those who previously discontinued using @entity625 medication because of @entity344 (15%) demonstrated a relative risk similar to the overall sample for discontinuation due to GI adverse events (relative risk, 0.56 [CI, 0.31 to 1.01] and 0.53 [CI, 0.34 to 0.84], respectively). No statistically significant difference was observed between treatments for efficacy in treating @entity571 or for occurrence of other adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity571 treated for 12 weeks, @entity13586 , 25 mg/d, was as effective as @entity1623 , 500 mg twice daily, but had statistically significantly superior GI tolerability and led to less use of concomitant GI medications. Benefits of @entity13586 in subgroup analyses were consistent with findings in the overall sample.

title: Gastrointestinal tolerability and effectiveness of @entity13586 versus XXXX in the treatment of @entity571 : a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib', 'Rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1623 :: ('MESH:D009288', 'Chemical') :: ['naproxen']

answer: @entity1623 :: (MESH:D009288,Chemical) :: ['naproxen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neosquamous mucosa that replaces ablated esophageal endothelium after @entity33 for @entity355 or @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) may retain buried glandular tissue. This study aimed to assess the @entity5 potential, cellular proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis of this buried glandular tissue by measuring @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in these tissues. METHODS: A prospectively collected database was sourced for esophageal biopsy specimens with normal histologic appearance, @entity355 , @entity1893 , @entity420 , and postablation mucosa comprising ablated Barrett's and ablated @entity1893 . Quantitative analysis of cellular markers was achieved immunohistochemically using monoclonal antibodies for the @entity2247 enzyme (suggesting increased @entity5 potential), Ki-67 antigen (suggesting cellular proliferation), and @entity588 oncoprotein (suggesting oncogenic resistance to apoptosis). Grading was performed by independent, blinded observers, and the pre- and postablation cellular disparities were subsequently noted. RESULTS: The buried glandular elements of postablation mucosa demonstrated universally greater @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression than normal esophagus. @entity355 and @entity420 expressed significantly greater @entity2247 and Ki-67 at the deep glandular level than postablation mucosa. @entity1893 demonstrated greater Ki-67 expression than the postablation tissue but only within the superficial glands. Overall, the expression of @entity2247 correlated significantly with Ki-67 expression in deep glandular tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Ablation of pathologic mucosa in @entity355 and @entity1893 reduces the expression of some markers of @entity146 . However, the buried glandular tissue of the postablation mucosa still exhibits a higher expression than normal esophageal epithelium. This has potential implications for the follow-up treatment of these @entity1 because it is unclear whether the true risk of @entity5 progression is adequately reduced. A more comprehensive study is required to address this issue.

title: Comparison of @entity2247 , Ki-67, and @entity588 expression in normal esophageal mucosa, XXXX , dysplasia, and @entity420 with postablation mucosa and implications for ablative therapies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus", "Barrett's metaplasia"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic behavior']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic mucosal ablation']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['HGD', 'high-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: February 2009: The authors are aware of unpublished trial data for @entity2682 which could affect the results of this review. This information together with that from trials published since 2005, will be considered when this review is updated in 2009.Anticonvulsant drugs have been used in the management of @entity158 since the 1960s. The clinical impression is that they are useful for chronic @entity9 , especially when the @entity158 is lancinating or burning. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effectiveness and adverse effects of @entity2682 for @entity158 management in clinical practice. SEARCH STRATEGY: Randomised trials of @entity2682 in acute, chronic or @entity5 were identified by MEDLINE (1966 to Nov 2004), EMBASE (1994 to Nov 2004), SIGLE (1980 to Jan 2004) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2004). Additional studies were identified from the reference list of the retrieved papers, and by contacting investigators. Date of most recent search: January 2004. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials reporting the analgesic effects of @entity2682 in @entity1 with subjective @entity158 assessment as either the primary or a secondary outcome. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were extracted by two independent review authors, and trials were quality scored. Numbers-needed-to-treat-to-benefit (NNTs) were calculated, where possible, from dichotomous data for effectiveness, adverse effects and drug-related study withdrawal. MAIN RESULTS: Fourteen reports describing 15 studies of @entity2682 were considered eligible (1468 @entity1 ). One was a study of acute @entity158 . The remainder included the following conditions: post-herpetic @entity9 (two studies), @entity3949 (seven studies), a @entity5 related @entity9 (one study) phantom @entity158 (one study), @entity5011 (one study), spinal chord @entity158 (one study) and various @entity9 (one study).The study in acute post-operative @entity158 (70 @entity1 ) showed no benefit for @entity2682 compared to placebo for @entity158 at rest.In @entity1118 , the NNT for improvement in all trials with evaluable data is 4.3 (95% CI 3.5 to 5.7). Forty two percent of @entity1 improved on @entity2682 compared to 19% on placebo. The number needed to harm (NNH) for adverse events leading to withdrawal from a trial was not significant. Fourteen percent of @entity1 withdrew from active arms compared to 10% in placebo arms. The NNH for minor harm was 3.7 (95% CI 2.4 to 5.4). The NNT for effective @entity158 relief in @entity3949 was 2.9 (95% CI 2.2 to 4.3) and for post herpetic @entity9 3.9 (95% CI 3 to 5.7). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence to show that @entity2682 is effective in @entity9 . There is limited evidence to show that @entity2682 is ineffective in acute @entity158 .

title: WITHDRAWN: XXXX for acute and @entity1118 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['Gabapentin', 'gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'cancer pain']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'injury pain', 'limb pain']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain', 'neuralgia', 'neuropathic pains']

answer: @entity2682 :: (MESH:C040029,Chemical) :: ['Gabapentin']


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in @entity1 with @entity135 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity1 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity1 breathed 100% @entity26 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity6586 , Lactobacillus and @entity5132 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity2133 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity6586 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity5132 (p < 0.05). The @entity2133 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity6586 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity1 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation XXXX and saliva in @entity1 with @entity135 .

entities_list: @entity6586 :: ('1309', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus mutans', 'S. mutans']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck tumours']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

answer: @entity2133 :: (MESH:D014987,Disease) :: ['xerostomia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Doping of size mismatched aliovalent ions is challenging due to the associated elastic and electronic stress making the thermodynamics unfavorable. Despite such features, its utilization may be viable if such systems can be made metastable by suppressing the kinetics of phase segregation. In light of such a possibility, we utilize sol-gel synthesis for preparing a size mismatched trivalent @entity17568 doped @entity11999 system, which can be potentially used in optical applications. It is found that such a doped system can be metastabilized and the extent of metastability can be correlated with critical temperature (Tc) required for phase segregation which decreases with the dopant concentration. For x = 0.005, 0.01, and 0.02, Tc is above 1200   C, 500-800   C and less than 500   C, respectively. As the synthesis temperature is 500   C, these trends in critical temperatures make it impossible to metastabilize @entity17568 in @entity11999 with x > 0.01. Doping is evident from X-ray diffraction data, excitation spectra, high resolution emission spectra, and luminescence lifetimes. A characteristic strong red emission of @entity27996 has been observed via energy transfer from the @entity11999 matrix to @entity27996 . Density functional theory based simulations suggest stabilization of @entity27996 in @entity11999 at lower doping concentration through the formation of cation vacancies which is also evident from optical studies. Furthermore, thin films deposited using the e-beam evaporation technique from the (x = 0.005) system show UV sensitized emission with CIE coordinates (0.26, 0.21).

title: Kinetically stabilized aliovalent XXXX -doped magnesium oxide as a UV sensitized phosphor.

answer: @entity17568 :: (MESH:D005063,Chemical) :: ['europium']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: No studies have compared @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) and non- @entity2489 following @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The aim of this study was to assess the incidence, clinical and microbiologic features, treatment characteristics and prognosis of @entity86 following @entity299 with a special focus on non- @entity2489 . METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on a prospectively collected database. We compared cases of non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 observed between January 2005 and December 2012. Statistical analysis consisted of bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 257 (3.5%) of 7,439 consecutive @entity299 @entity1 developed @entity86 , including 120 (47%) cases of non- @entity2489 . @entity1 with @entity2489 had more frequent history of @entity712 (31% vs. 17%, P   =   0.006) and longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (105 vs 76  min, P   <   0.0001), than @entity1 with non- @entity2489 . No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups in terms of the types of microorganisms isolated with high proportions of Enterobacteriaceae (35%), @entity796 (20.2%) and @entity6728 spp (20.2%), except for a lower proportion of @entity3256 -susceptible @entity794 in the non- @entity2489 group (3.2% vs 7.9%, P   =   0.03). In the intensive care unit, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 had lower sequential organ failure assessment scores than @entity1 with @entity2489 (8        3 versus 9        3, P   =   0.004). On multivariate analysis, in-hospital mortality was similar in both groups (32% in the non- @entity2489 group and 42% in the @entity2489 group, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.7-2.5; P   =   0.34) and appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy was associated with a reduction of in-hospital mortality (aOR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-1; P   =   0.05). @entity3400 / @entity7120 or @entity2892 monotherapy constituted appropriate empiric therapy in the two groups, with values reaching 93% and 95% with no differences between @entity2489 and non- @entity2489 cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intensive care @entity1 with @entity2489 are more severely ill than non- @entity2489 @entity1 following @entity299 . Nevertheless, @entity1 with non- @entity2489 and @entity2489 following @entity299 have similar outcomes. This study suggests that the empiric antibiotic regimen in @entity1 with @entity55 following @entity299 should include at least a broad-spectrum antibiotic targeting non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, regardless of the type of @entity55 , and targeting @entity794 in @entity2489 @entity1 .

title: @entity86 following @entity299 in non-ventilated @entity1 versus mechanically ventilated XXXX : is there any difference?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity2892 :: ('MESH:D015378', 'Chemical') :: ['imipenem']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity7120 :: ('MESH:C043265', 'Chemical') :: ['tazobactam']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['ventilator-associated pneumonia', 'VAP']

entities_list: @entity6728 :: ('MESH:D006192', 'Disease') :: ['Haemophilus']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac surgery', 'CS']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['Piperacillin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and prognosis of a moderate increase in serum @entity1011 early after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity1 : Five hundred and ninety-one consecutive adult @entity1 operated on for cardiac surgery during 1 year. INTERVENTIONS: Plasma @entity1011 was measured systematically before and during the first 3 days after surgery. Comorbid events were assessed as @entity881 (cardiac, pulmonary, hematologic, and neurologic), allowing us to calculate for each @entity1 a dysfunction score (0-5). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Postoperative plasma @entity1011 increased by > or =20% in 15.6% of @entity1 ; eight of these required dialysis. A 20% increase in plasma @entity1011 was associated with other @entity881 in 79.3% of @entity1 . Overall mortality rate was 2.7% and increased with the dysfunction score (17.7% for a dysfunction score > or =3). Mortality rate was 12.0% for @entity1 who had 20% increased plasma @entity1011 with other @entity881 but was 0% for @entity1 without other @entity881 . A logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important prognostic factors of @entity204 were @entity299 (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-32.5) and the association of @entity8 (odds ratio = 12.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-37.2). Mean intensive care unit stay of @entity1 with increased plasma @entity1011 was significantly longer (8.1 +/- 5.6 vs. 4.3 +/- 1.4 days, p <.01) and increased significantly with the dysfunction score (p <.01). @entity1 with isolated increased plasma @entity1011 had a significantly longer stay in the intensive care unit than @entity1 without any @entity881 (4.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.9, p <.01). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a postoperative 20% increase in plasma @entity1011 after cardiac surgery is not rare and has a significant impact on postoperative outcome, mainly when multiple @entity881 occurs. Any preoperative reduced renal reserve or perioperative @entity8 increases the renal risk.

title: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of a moderate increase in plasma XXXX early after cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia', 'renal dysfunction and hematologic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['organ dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination therapy has been used in @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 to enhance the antiviral effect and reduce the risk of development of resistance. Interferon-alpha ( @entity4020 ) can theoretically be added to the regimen to further improve the antiviral effect. Twenty @entity1 with @entity6194 were given @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination therapy for 24 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment, @entity1 were randomized on a 1:1 basis to either the addition of @entity4020 b or no addition for the last 3 months of therapy. The decline in @entity97 DNA levels, the loss of HBeAg and the HBeAg seroconversion rate were assessed. @entity1 with loss of HBeAg and/or development of anti-HBe were followed up for at least 1 y after stopping treatment. Four of 19 @entity1 (21%) had lost HBeAg and/or developed anti-HBe 24 weeks after stopping treatment, 1 of whom had received additional @entity4020 . During long-term follow-up post-treatment, 2/19 @entity1 (10.5%) had a durable HBeAg seroconversion. The mean @entity97 DNA level declined by 5 logs during the first 12 weeks of treatment. Addition of @entity4020 during the last 3 months of treatment did not result in any further decline in @entity97 DNA levels compared with the non- @entity4020 -treated group, nor in any increase in the @entity13211 seroconversion rate. In conclusion, @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination treatment induced seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in 4/19 @entity1 , 2 of whom became long-term responders. Addition of @entity4020 did not improve the seroconversion rate.

title: XXXX and @entity28959 combination therapy with or without addition of @entity4020 for @entity6194 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['HBeAg-positive hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

answer: @entity16332 :: (MESH:D019259,Chemical) :: ['Lamivudine']