abstract: @entity8523 ( @entity8523 ) is an uncommon primary @entity358 . This @entity5 was first described by Barrett and Barnard in 1945. The @entity5 is composed of immature epithelial and mesenchymal tissues which may recapitulate early embryological lung development. Under the microscope, the globular component resembles immature bronchus and connective tissue as seen in embryonic lung. More than one hundred cases have been reported in the literature. @entity8523 is more frequent in older @entity1 and in males and tends to affect blacks at younger ages. Symptomatology varies from asymptomatic to symptoms of a non-specific @entity358 . Cough, hemoptysis, @entity1353 , @entity662 , @entity649 , @entity221 , @entity448 and @entity353 are the most common presenting features. The most common roentgenologic pattern is a well-demarcated @entity1897 , encapsulated by compression or atelectatic lung tissue, although in some cases there is a tendency to lobulation and cavitation. The size of the mass varies from a small peripheral nodule to a mass occupying the entire lobe or hemithorax. The treatment of choice has been surgical excision, radiation and, in selected cases, a combination of chemotherapy with radiation. The prognosis of this malignancy is poor; overall five-year survival is approximately 16 percent. No correlation has been established between histopathologic criteria and survival. The factors that indicate poor prognosis are @entity5 recurrence, @entity3 at initial presentation, @entity5 size over 5 cm and lymph node @entity3 . Liver, central nervous system and bones are the most frequent location of distant metastases. A rare case is presented of a @entity8523 with an upper lip @entity3 occurring in a paraplegic male. Diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX presenting as a solitary lip @entity3 : case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary blastoma', 'PB', 'Pulmonary blastoma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral lesion']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease', 'lung malignancy']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity8523 :: (MESH:D018202,Disease) :: ['Pulmonary blastoma']


abstract: Whole organ sectioning of laryngectomy specimens has been applied since quite a few years to increase our knowledge of the histopathological behavior of @entity189 . The laboratory techniques have been successively refined with shortening of the processing time and with improved histological results. The larynx may be cut in the coronal, sagittal or in the transverse plane, which has become more actual for comparison between computed tomograms and histopathological findings. The growth and spread of @entity5 is determined by the site of origin. @entity189 often invade the thyroid cartilage in the anterior commissure area and extend outside the larynx through cartilage or by extending subglottically and then through the crico-thyroid membrane. More extensive @entity189 with supra- and/or subglottic extension may spread laterally through the crico-thyroid space. This way of spread is very characteristic for @entity5 surrounding the laryngeal ventricle--"transglottic @entity189 ." @entity189 show a high tendency to invade the pre-epiglottic space. Despite an advanced size they tend to be confined to the supraglottic region, but may especially when @entity1066 extend down to the glottic region in the anterior midline. Primary @entity189 are rare but tend to be advanced when diagnosed, having a circumferential growth with extension up into the vocal cord muscles. They may invade the laryngeal framework and spread outside the larynx through the crico-thyroid membrane. By using the whole organ sectioning technique we have gained further knowledge of the strength and weaknesses of our clinical and radiological diagnostic methods and we have a possibility to compare the radiographic findings with the histopathological sections.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Aspects on XXXX based on whole organ sections.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerated']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic carcinomas', 'Glottic carcinomas', 'laryngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'glottic carcinomas', 'Supraglottic carcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: Herpesvirus infection of the newborn is a rare though extremely grave disease that poses difficult problems for the obstetrician. It is nearly always due to @entity12881 during pregnancy though in more half the cases this was unsuspected by the mother. Prophylactic measures exist--disinfection of the genital tract, elective cesarean section, administration of antivirals and @entity1033 in particular. The main difficulty resides in making the correct decision and the excessive recourse to cesarean section should not be replaced by the unreasoned prescription of antivirals taking into account the current uncertainly about their real efficacy and their long-term effects after administration in early life. The risk of @entity12949 should therefore be evaluated from the clinical findings and 4 categories of @entity1 may be defined: those with the clinical manifestations of primary @entity12881 on delivery or during the month before; those with the clinical manifestations of recurrent @entity12881 on delivery or during the week before; those with only a previous @entity12881 and finally all other @entity1 with no clinical manifestations or @entity12881 . Only first two categories benefit from cesarean section and @entity1033 is only prescribed in exceptional cases as complementary therapy for the newborn @entity1 . In the third category, clinical and virological monitoring alone is required and is currently prescribed during the perinatal period as it is reasonable to stop the systematic weekly virological monitoring at the end of pregnancy when this has been shown to be inappropriate. However, it remains true that more than half the cases of @entity12949 arise in @entity1 in the fourth category. The only means of prevention that can be proposed is that they refrain from @entity458 during the last two months of pregnancy. According to our current knowledge, @entity1033 remains contraindicated during pregnancy except in exceptional cases when the mother's life is in danger.

title: [Herpes in the pregnant @entity1 and the newborn XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['Acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity12949 :: ('MESH:C536395', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal herpes']

entities_list: @entity12881 :: ('MESH:D006558', 'Disease') :: ['genital herpes', 'history of genital herpes']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual or orogenital relationships']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of HLA compatibility on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ). METHODS: This retrospective study involved 121 @entity1860 @entity1 including 90 in chronic phase, 8 in accelerated phase and 23 with @entity9638 . Of these @entity1 , 85 received related and 36 had unrelated donor allo-HSCT. The conditioning regimens included total body irradiation with @entity786 in 37 @entity1 , and modified BUCY protocol in 84 @entity1 . @entity205 (CsA) and @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) were used for @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) prophylaxis in @entity1 undergoing HLA-matched sibling donor transplants. CsA, @entity1500 , antihuman thymocyte globulin and @entity6051 were used in all the @entity1 undergoing HLA-mismatched related donor and unrelated donor transplants. The prognostic factors of @entity1860 were evaluated using Cox regression and the cumulative @entity1349 and the disease-free survival were estimated using Kaplan and Meier survival analysis model. RESULTS: The incidence of II-IV acute @entity2132 was 26.1% in HLA-matched and 53.3% in HLA-mismatched cases (P=0.006), with a 5-year cumulative incidence of chronic @entity2132 of 47.4% and 49.6%, respectively (P=0.947). The 5-year cumulative incidences of disease relapse was 16.7% in the total @entity1 , with a 5-year cumulative @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) of 70.5% and disease-free survival (DFS) of 63.4%. The 5-year @entity1349 was 78.2% in HLA-matched cases, as compared with 47.6% in HLA-mismatched cases. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression model identified HLA mismatch, II-IV acute @entity2132 , and advanced phase as the risk factors affecting the @entity1349 . CONCLUSION: HLA mismatch can significantly increase the incidence of II-IV acute @entity2132 following allo-HSCT and decrease the long-term survival rate, which is not related to the donor source.

title: [Impact of HLA compatibility on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6051 :: ('CHEBI:168396', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['GVHD', 'graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myeloid leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1860 :: (MESH:D015464,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND The present study aimed to assess the role of @entity7658 polymorphism in drug-resistance in @entity302 by a meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases were obtained from the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct database, CNKI, and Wanfang up to October 2014. All the case-control association studies evaluating the role of @entity1262 @entity7658 in pharmacoresistance to anti- @entity302 drug (AED) were identified. RevMan 5.0 software was utilized to perform quantitative analyses in an allele model (C vs. T) and a genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT). RESULTS From the 189 potential studies, we included 28 articles for the meta-analysis, including 30 independent case-control studies involving 4124 drug-resistant @entity302 @entity1 and 4480 @entity302 @entity1 for whom drug treatment was effective. We excluded 164 studies because of duplication, lack of genotype data, and non-clinical research. We found that @entity7658 polymorphism was not significantly associated with drug resistance in @entity302 , either in allele model (C vs. T: OR=1.07; 95%CI: 0.95-1.19) or in genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.05; 95%CI: 0.89-1.24, P=0.55). Subgroup analyses suggested that in Caucasian populations there are significant differences between resistance group (NR) and control group (R) in both allele model (C vs. T: OR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.00-1.18, P=0.05) and genotype model (CC vs. CT+TT: OR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.04-1.40, P=0.01). However, we did not find this association in Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the @entity1262 @entity7658 polymorphism may be a genetic marker for drug resistance in @entity302 in Caucasian populations.

title: @entity1262 Gene XXXX Polymorphism and Drug Resistance in Epilepsy: Evidence Based on 8604 Subjects.

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic', 'epilepsy']

answer: @entity7658 :: (c|SUB|C|3435|T,DNAMutation) :: ['C3435T']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) and @entity735 with no light perception due to @entity1781 using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity1 (9 @entity1 , 5 @entity1 ; mean age 56.0    16.6 (standard deviation)  years] with no light perception due to @entity1781 were recruited to this retrospective study. Only clinically stable eyes were included. Eyes were imaged at least 6  months after the onset of the disease. Five @entity1 lost light perception due to @entity1781 , four @entity1 had @entity1781 , two @entity1 had @entity7995 , two @entity1 had @entity1781 , and one @entity1 had @entity1952 . Global and quadrant RNFLTs were measured with the Cirrus HD-optical coherence tomography (OCT) system; global and hemisphere GCCTs were measured by spectral-domain OCT (RTVue OCT system). Only reliable OCT images were used for further analysis. RESULTS: Reliable RNFL images were obtained in 12 eyes, and reliable GCC images were obtained in 11 eyes. Global, superior, temporal, inferior, and nasal RNFLT were 57.5      6.7, 60.6      7.6, 54.1      11.2, 59.7      9.5, and 55.6      7.4    m, respectively. Global, superior, and inferior GCC thicknesses were 68.8      9.6, 70.7      12.2, and 67.8      8.8    m, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A considerable proportion of RNFL and GCC remained in eyes with no light perception vision. Clinicians should take this into account when evaluating the severity of @entity1781 from OCT-measured RNFLT and GCCT.

title: Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell complex thicknesses measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography in eyes with no light perception due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve atrophy']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cell complex thickness (GCCT) in eyes']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy', 'traumatic optic neuropathy', 'compressive optic neuropathy', 'nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy', 'optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['nonglaucomatous optic neuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Most ionic liquids (ILs) are either water soluble or present a non-negligible miscibility with water that may cause some harmful effects upon their release into the environment. Among other methods, adsorption of ILs onto activated @entity505 (AC) has shown to be an effective technique to remove these compounds from aqueous solutions. However, this method has proved to be viable only for hydrophobic ILs rather than for the hydrophilic that, being water soluble, have a larger tendency for contamination. In this context, an alternative approach using the salting-out ability of inorganic salts is here proposed to enhance the adsorption of hydrophilic ILs onto activated @entity505 . The effect of the concentrations of @entity2398 on the adsorption of five ILs onto AC was investigated. A wide range of ILs that allow the inspection of the IL cation family ( @entity15218 - and pyridinium-based) and the anion nature (accounting for its hydrophilicity and fluorination) through the adsorption onto AC was studied. In general, it is shown that the use of @entity2398 enhances the adsorption of ILs onto AC. In particular, this effect is highly relevant when dealing with hydrophilic ILs that are those that are actually poorly removed by AC. In addition, the COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) was used aiming at complementing the experimental data obtained. This work contributes with the development of novel methods to remove ILs from water streams aiming at creating "greener" processes.

title: Enhancing the adsorption of ionic liquids onto activated XXXX by the addition of inorganic salts.

entities_list: @entity15218 :: ('CHEBI:50059', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazolium']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: Complement is a term referring to a collection of plasma proteins, specific cellular receptors and cell surface regulatory molecules. Activation of the complement system to completion results in the formation of C5b-9 terminal complexes. These complexes have been observed in @entity1 @entity731 by immunohistochemistry. Although the structure(s) which activate complement in lesions have not been defined, @entity165 and @entity19411 exhibit this property in vitro. Endothelial cell damage leads to complement activation and endothelial cells overlying @entity731 have been observed to contain C3 and C5b-9 antigens. Cardiac myocytes stain for complement proteins (C3, C4 and C5b-9) following @entity583 . @entity1188 size and extent of inflammatory cell infiltrates are diminished by decomplementation prior to experimentally-induced @entity741 . Following @entity583 and @entity1066 of @entity731 in @entity1 @entity1 there is an increase in circulating complement activation products and a decrease in the level of native C1 through C4 proteins. Thus, it appears that complement plays a role in atherogenesis and its sequelae. Little is known however, about the pathophysiological effects complement activation products exert on lesion development, for example through modulation of macrophage functions, or how complement activation is regulated in lesions. Implications for complement in atherogenesis are discussed.

title: The complement system in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity19411 :: ('CHEBI:53030', 'Chemical') :: ['oxysterols']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: The aim of our study was to explore the age related changes of the fibre type composition of the @entity1 psoas major muscle. Moreover, we wanted to compare the fibre type composition of the left and right muscle. Muscle samples were collected from 15 young and 15 old males. Type I, IIA and IIX muscle fibres were typed using myosin heavy chain identification. The serial transverse sections were analysed using a light microscope. Results of our study showed that the age-related @entity194 affected all three fibre types. Type IIA fibres were affected most profoundly while type I fibres were affected most weakly. The percentage of the different fibre types did not change during aging. There were no differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle. @entity1 psoas major muscle undergoes normal aging changes with the @entity194 of all three fibre types, whereas @entity194 most profoundly affects type IIA fibres. No differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle point to the equal engagement of both legs in normal everyday activities of @entity1 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the XXXX psoas major muscle with regards to the body side and aging.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: New agents with increased activity and/or reduced @entity137 are needed for the treatment of @entity0 . The @entity10517 derivatives @entity2664 and @entity11887 had significant activity and acceptable @entity137 in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 @entity1 with @entity0 to either @entity632 (60 mg/m2), @entity2664 (14 mg/m2) or @entity11887 (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and @entity137 of these three agents. To be eligible, @entity1 must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive @entity1 must have failed endocrine therapy. @entity1 with CHF or severe @entity299 were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 @entity1 are evaluable for response and 110 for @entity137 . Median age for all @entity1 is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the @entity1 have @entity74 . @entity172 receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of @entity1 . Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm ( @entity632 9/35, @entity2664 6/38, @entity11887 6/44). Thirty-two @entity1 are evaluable for cross-over response ( @entity632 2/13, @entity2664 1/11, @entity11887 0/8). The predominant @entity137 is @entity1431 with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. @entity1431 is similar with the three drugs. Significant @entity390 , @entity391 and @entity1665 are common with @entity632 and uncommon with the other agents. @entity712 has been observed in one @entity1 ( @entity632 ). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and @entity137 of these agents await the completion of this trial.

title: A randomized trial of @entity632 , @entity2664 and @entity11887 in XXXX (a South West Oncology Group Study).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['Estrogen']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity10517 :: ('MESH:C034020', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracene']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['visceral dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia', 'Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity11887 :: ('MESH:C031404', 'Chemical') :: ['bisantrene']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['advanced breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors, recurrence rates, retreatments, and long-term @entity1 outcomes following proton beam therapy for @entity2184 . DESIGN: Retrospective interventional case series. METHODS: All @entity1 treated with primary proton beam therapy for @entity2184 at the oncology service at Charit  -Berlin and Helmholtz-Zentrum-Berlin between May 1998 and December 2008 were reviewed for local recurrence. Of 982 @entity1 , 982 eyes matched the inclusion criteria. The data were obtained from electronic health records, operative reports, discharge letters, and radiation planning. Comparisons of fundus photographs and ultrasound measurements were performed to assess the growth pattern of the tumor and to determine the success of retreatment, in the case that a globe-retaining therapy was undertaken. RESULTS: Of 982 @entity1 , 35 @entity1 (3.6%) developed local recurrence. The median follow-up was 60.7 months (6.0-170.4 months). Local control rate was 96.4% and the overall eye retention rate was 95.0% in this cohort. Local recurrence was correlated with a higher risk for metastasis and reduced survival. Largest tumor diameter was identified as the sole statistically significant risk factor for local recurrence (P = .00001). All globe-retaining retreatment approaches for local recurrence, including proton beam therapy, brachytherapy, and transpupillary thermotherapy used for recurrences at the tumor margins, showed good local tumor control and similar metastasis-free survivals. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that each globe-retaining retreatment approach can result in satisfying local tumor control. In case of early detection of local recurrence, preservation of the globe can be warranted. Therefore, regularly performed follow-ups should be ensured.

title: Local Recurrence After Primary Proton Beam Therapy in XXXX : Risk Factors, Retreatment Approaches, and Outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2184 :: ('MESH:C536494', 'Disease') :: ['uveal melanoma']

answer: @entity2184 :: (MESH:C536494,Disease) :: ['Uveal Melanoma']


abstract: Thirteen adult @entity1 with @entity9479 , resistant to prior analgesic and other therapy, were treated with intravenous infusions of the opiate antagonist, @entity1510 . A total of twenty treatments were administered with doses of @entity1510 varying from 4.0-8.0 mgs. Seven @entity1 exhibited beneficial effects with the duration of the resultant @entity158 relief ranging from four days to two and a half years. In these @entity1 , @entity158 and hyperpathia were completely obtunded in six out of seven and partially in one. Side effects of therapy were minimal and of short duration being mainly confined to the cardiovascular system. During therapy all @entity1 had continuous E.C.G. monitoring. In certain ischaemic conditions of the central nervous system, endogenous opioids possibly reduce cerebral blood flow via. inhibition of the locus coeruleus and subsequent release of @entity1063 : hence @entity1510 by inhibiting the opioids could increase cerebral perfusion pressure. This study has shown the benefit of treating @entity1 with cerebral @entity75 with an opioid antagonist. The rapidity of onset of @entity158 relief in these @entity1 would appear to indicate a mode of action by increasing cerebral perfusion.

title: The use of the opiate antagonist, XXXX , in the treatment of intractable @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['established thalamic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: @entity5948 -induced @entity1370 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity11092 , @entity7737 , @entity1115 , @entity23873 , @entity16092 , @entity38516 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity1487 , @entity1259 and @entity786 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) > 10 % and @entity712 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity1259 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity1398 , and planned and received cycles of @entity1259 ) on decrease of @entity1002 and @entity712 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity8253 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity1002 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity712 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity72978 T-allele in @entity11092 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity1002 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity712 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity5948 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity1002 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity1259 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity72978 in @entity11092 and @entity1002 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity1259 -induced XXXX in early @entity0 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular ejection fraction', 'LVEF']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['Anthracycline', 'anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1370 :: (MESH:D066126,Disease) :: ['cardiac toxicity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness of peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRIs) in correcting corneal @entity940 during @entity231 surgery. SETTING: Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. METHODS: In 115 eyes of 94 @entity1 (mean age 69 years +/- 12 [SD]), @entity231 surgery was combined with PCRIs. The PCRIs were created according to a nomogram based on age and preoperative keratometric @entity940 . Postoperative keratometric @entity940 was measured at 1 day and 1 and 4 months. Vector analyses using the Holladay-Cravy-Koch formula and Alpins method were performed. RESULTS: The PCRIs significantly decreased keratometric @entity940 in @entity1 with preexisting with-the rule (WTR) or against-the-rule (ATR) @entity940 and increased the percentage of the eyes with lower keratometric @entity940 in each group. Four months postoperatively in @entity1 with WTR @entity940 , single and paired 6.0 mm PCRIs induced mean with-the-wound minus against-the-wound changes (WTW-ATW) of -0.55 diopter (D) and -1.18 D, respectively. In eyes with ATR @entity940 , the mean WTW-ATW changes induced by single 4.5 mm, single 6.0 mm, and paired 6.0 mm PCRIs were -2.18 D, -2.02 D, and -2.72 D, respectively. These mean WTW-ATW changes did not significantly regress from 1 day to 4 months postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Peripheral corneal relaxing incisions were effective in reducing preexisting @entity940 during @entity231 surgery. A modified nomogram is proposed. The long-term effect of PCRIs should be evaluated.

title: Peripheral corneal relaxing incisions combined with XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics is increased body weight, which leads to further morbidity and nonadherence to medication. It has been suggested that both genetic and nongenetic variables may influence antipsychotics-related @entity1017 . This study aimed to simultaneously explore the effects of multiple candidate genes and environment factors on body weight of @entity161 @entity1 who received @entity1090 , a commonly used atypical antipsychotic agent. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three ethnically Han Chinese inpatients with acutely exacerbated @entity161 were given @entity1090 monotherapy for up to 42 days. Body weight and clinical manifestations were assessed biweekly. Drug efficacy was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and safety was evaluated by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. We collected body weight as the response value. Potential prognostic factors were baseline body weight, age, sex, diagnosis subtypes, @entity1090 dosage, PANSS total scores, treatment duration (weeks 0-6), and 15 genetic variants [across 10 candidate genes: @entity1873 , @entity7601 , @entity9330 , 5-HT6, D1, D2, D3, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors, @entity2252 ( @entity2252 ), and @entity5320 ( @entity5320 )]. Because there were repeated assessments, multiple linear regression with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to adjust the within-subject @entity734 . RESULTS: Of 15 genetic polymorphisms examined, @entity7601 102-T/C, @entity9330 -759-C/T, 5-HT6 267-C/T, @entity2252 66-Val/Met, and @entity5320 188-C/T significantly influenced body weight, and so did baseline body weight, age, gender, @entity161 subtype, and treatment duration and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that numerous genetic and nongenetic factors affect antipsychotics-related @entity1017 .

title: @entity1090 -related XXXX : genetic and nongenetic predictors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity1017 :: (MESH:D015430,Disease) :: ['weight gain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide a risk-to-benefit analysis of open staging pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for @entity263 . METHODS: The medical records of all @entity1 presenting with @entity263 from July 1989 to April 1994 were reviewed. A total of 245 @entity1 with clinically localized disease were selected to undergo radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) preceded by open PLND. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of the preoperative serum @entity1486 concentration, clinical stage, and Gleason score with regard to final nodal status. The cost and morbidity associated with PLND in the setting of RRP was also defined. RESULTS: Overall, only 16 @entity1 (6.5%) had lymph node @entity3 . Lymph node involvement correlated significantly with elevated serum @entity1486 values (P = 0.0001), high Gleason score (P = 0.0022), and advanced clinical stage (P = 0.0001). Lymph node @entity3 were particularly uncommon in @entity1 with nonpalpable @entity5 (1 of 67 [1.5%]), @entity1486 values less than 10 (2 of 154 [1.3%]), and Gleason score less than 6 (1 of 26 [3.8%]). Overall, 179 @entity1 (73.1%) presented with at least one or more of these favorable characteristics, and only 4 (2.2%) had lymph node involvement. Complications related to the lymphadenectomy occurred in 10 @entity1 (4.1%). The cost per @entity3 diagnosed in @entity1 with low-risk characteristics was approximatley  43,600. CONCLUSIONS: An open staging PLND may no longer be justified on a routine basis in @entity1 undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

title: Open pelvic lymph node dissection for XXXX : a reassessment.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and time of occurrence of chemotherapy-related toxic events in 100 @entity1 admitted to the Hematology-Oncology Ward of "Sfanta Maria" @entity1 's Emergency Hospital in Iasi, Romania, over a 4-year period. METHODS: An analytical, descriptive and comparative, retrospective and prospective study covering a 4-year period on the incidence of chemotherapy side effects, was performed on 100 @entity1 admitted for solid @entity5 or @entity1583 . The probability of each adverse event to appear and the time period from chemotherapy initiation to the moment of side effect appearance were assessed. RESULTS: The most frequent @entity137 was @entity1665 (79.5%), followed by medullary aplasia (71.1%), @entity5253 (65.3%), @entity294 and @entity391 (64% each), @entity99 (61%), and @entity699 (21.5%). @entity10701 and @entity5253 were less frequent (13.2% and 12.2%, respectively). Remissions of the underlying disease were achieved in 69.9% of the cases. Alopecia, medullary aplasia and @entity5253 developed during the first 14 months of treatment. @entity33 , @entity751 and @entity99 were diagnosed within the first 12 months of treatment. @entity294 or @entity5253 appeared during the first 15 months, while @entity699 developed during the first 6 months. All remissions were obtained during the first 4 months of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1665 and medullary aplasia were the most frequent side effects of chemotherapy in our study group, the earliest were @entity699 , @entity751 and @entity99 .

title: Chemotherapy-related @entity137 in childhood XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5253 :: ('MESH:D002180', 'Disease') :: ['thrush', 'oral candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea', 'Diarrhea and oral herpes']

entities_list: @entity10701 :: ('MESH:D013283', 'Disease') :: ['Oral herpes']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['Mucositis']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['emetic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['toxic hepatitis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['neoplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Improved laser treatment of @entity75 is expected by utilizing higher incident dosages, longer pulse durations and longer wavelengths than those currently used in clinical settings. However, simply increasing the incident dosage will also increase the risk of nonspecific @entity130 to the epidermis due to light absorption by melanin. In this study, we investigated the thermal response of @entity1 skin epidermis to 595-nm wavelength laser irradiation at high incident dosages (up to 20 J/cm(2)) and long pulse durations (up to 40 milliseconds) in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling (CSC) using ex-vivo @entity1 skin samples. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Candela V-beam trade mark laser (595-nm wavelength) was used in the experiments. Ex-vivo @entity1 skin samples (Fitzpatrick types I-VI) were irradiated at the incident dosages D(0) = 4, 6, 10, 15, and 20 J/cm(2), laser pulse durations tau(laser) = 1.5, 10, and 40 milliseconds, without and with CSC (refrigerant-134A, spurt duration tau(CSC) = 100 milliseconds). @entity130 to the epidermis was evaluated by histological observations. RESULTS: Under the same incident dosage, longer pulse durations led to reduced @entity130 to the epidermis. Without CSC, no demonstrable @entity130 to the epidermis was observed in skin types I-II irradiated at the incident dosage as high as 15 J/cm(2), and in skin types III-IV at 10 J/cm(2). When CSC was applied, no evidence of @entity130 to the epidermis was present in skin types I-II even when irradiated at the maximum available incident dosage of the laser system (20 J/cm(2)). In skin types III-IV, no demonstrable @entity130 to the epidermis was observed when using incident dosage as high as 15 J/cm(2) in conjunction with CSC. In skin type VI, @entity130 to the epidermis could not be avoided even at the setting D(0) = 4 J/cm(2), tau(laser) = 40 milliseconds in conjunction with CSC. CONCLUSIONS: For a given incident dosage, longer pulse durations help reduce @entity130 to the epidermis. When a 100-millisecond cryogen spurt is applied, @entity130 to the epidermis can be prevented in ex-vivo skin types I-IV when irradiated at higher incident dosages (15-20 J/cm(2)) than those currently used in clinical settings. Further studies on optimizing the CSC parameters in conjunction with the laser irradiation parameters are needed to protect skin types V-VI from @entity130 to the epidermis.

title: Thermal response of XXXX skin epidermis to 595-nm laser irradiation at high incident dosages and long pulse durations in conjunction with cryogen spray cooling: an ex-vivo study.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous hypervascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Thermal injury', 'thermal injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the USA, ethnic disparities in @entity731 persist after accounting for known risk factors. Ambient air pollution is associated with increased levels of @entity731 and differs in the USA by race/ethnicity. We estimated the influence of ambient air pollution exposure to ethnic differences in common carotid @entity121 ( @entity121 ). METHODS: We cross-sectionally studied 6347 Caucasian-American, African-American, Hispanic and Chinese adults across 6 US cities in 2000-2002. Annual ambient air pollution concentrations (fine particulate matter [PM2.5] and @entity28600 of @entity1568 [NOX]) were estimated at each @entity1 's residence. @entity121 was assessed by ultrasound. RESULTS: The mean @entity121 was 19.4 and 37.6    m smaller for Hispanic @entity1 and @entity1 , 53.6 and 7.1    m smaller for Chinese @entity1 and @entity1 , and 23.4 and 38.7    m higher for African-American @entity1 and @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 and @entity1 . After adjustment for PM2.5, the differences in @entity121 remained similar for Hispanic and African-American @entity1 but was even more negative for Chinese @entity1 (mean @entity121 difference of -58.4    m for @entity1 and -15.7    m for @entity1 ) compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 . The @entity121 difference in Chinese @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 related to their higher PM2.5 exposures was 4.8    m (95% CI 0.2 to 10.8) for @entity1 and 8.6    m (95% CI 3.4 to 15.3) for @entity1 . NOX was not related to ethnic differences in @entity121 . CONCLUSIONS: The smaller carotid @entity121 levels in Chinese @entity1 were even smaller after accounting for higher PM2.5 concentrations in Chinese @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 . Air pollution was not related to @entity121 differences in African-American and Hispanic @entity1 compared with Caucasian-American @entity1 .

title: Ambient air pollution and racial/ethnic differences in carotid @entity121 in the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'participant', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: Explants derived from @entity1 @entity11 have been characterized with respect to their cellular outgrowth pattern after 1-22 weeks in culture. A mat of cells which were fibronectin (FN)-positive and @entity538 ( @entity538 )-negative (hereafter designated FN+ cells) with a polygonal, flat morphology covered the growth substrate in a swirling pattern for a mean diameter of 9.2 mm around FN+ explants. FN+ cells showed ruffled plasmalemma, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulin (RDR), and extracellular filamentous strands. Rare desmosomes were compatible with at most minor leptomeningeal components or differentiation. FN+ cells predominated in six of seven cultures at passage 2, and their features were the same from various high-grade @entity11 and @entity3038 . Around other explants, @entity5588 cells which were @entity538 + and FN- grew in a netlike pattern with little cell-to-cell contact. These @entity538 + cells surrounded explants at a mean diameter of 2 mm, substantially less than FN+ cells (P less than 0.005), and they grew more slowly than FN+ cells around explants. @entity538 + cells had an area/perimeter ratio which was less than that of FN+ cells. @entity538 + cells contained abundant intracellular filaments, rare desmosomes, and narrow RER cisternae. In mixed explants, @entity538 + cells often grew on top of FN+ cells. Individual cells which stained for both @entity538 and FN were evident only from one @entity11 (8% doubly positive). Cells negative for both proteins resembled FN+ cells morphologically. Frozen sections of original @entity11 tissue showed FN+ vessel walls and @entity538 + parenchyma. Results are evidence for very early overgrowth of a preexistent FN+ cell type distinct from the @entity538 + parenchymal cell. The features of this distinct cell type are mesenchymal and resemble the proliferating vascular elements of @entity11 in situ. The tendency for @entity538 + cells to grow on top of these FN+ cells suggests a feeder layer interaction. More knowledge of the origins and interactions of these two cell types may increase our understanding of the mechanism of antigenic changes in @entity11 and may provide clues to improved therapeutic approaches.

title: Products of cells cultured from @entity11 . VI. Immunofluorescent, morphometric, and ultrastructural characterization of two different cell types growing from explants of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3038 :: ('MESH:D018316', 'Disease') :: ['gliosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity538 :: ('2670', 'Gene') :: ['GFAP', 'glial fibrillary acidic protein']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity5588 :: ('MESH:C538010', 'Disease') :: ['elongated or stellate']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['gliomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The yield of early repeat endoscopy in @entity1 with @entity355 ( @entity355 ) is not well established. AIMS: To determine how often early repeat endoscopy detected missed @entity1141 or @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in a population-based cohort of @entity1 with @entity355 . Secondary aims were to identify risk factors for missed @entity1141 / @entity420 and compare detection of prevalent versus incident HGD/ @entity420 . METHODS: A population-based cohort of @entity355 subjects in Olmsted County, MN, was studied. @entity1 with @entity355 or @entity258 ( @entity258 ) who underwent repeat endoscopy within 24  months were included. Those with a worse histologic diagnosis on repeat endoscopy were considered to have missed @entity1141 / @entity420 . Baseline characteristics among @entity1 with and without missed @entity1141 / @entity420 were compared. The absolute numbers of asymptomatic prevalent or missed, and incident HGD/ @entity420 in the entire cohort were ascertained. RESULTS: Of 488 @entity355 cases, 210 were included for the primary aim of this study. Repeat endoscopy revealed four HGD/ @entity420 (1.9  %) and 16 @entity258 (8.8  %) for a combined miss rate of 9.5  %. Long-segment @entity355 (LSBE) and lack of PPI use were predictors of missed @entity1141 / @entity420 (P  =  0.008), but adherence to biopsy protocol was not. Increased prevalent HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  30) rather than incident HGD/ @entity420 (n  =  22) was identified during a median 4.8  years of follow-up in this cohort. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1141 / @entity420 is commonly missed at initial @entity355 diagnosis, particularly in @entity1 with LSBE and no PPI use. Efforts should be made to enhance the sensitivity of detecting @entity1141 / @entity5 around the time of initial @entity355 diagnosis.

title: Yield of Repeat Endoscopy in @entity355 with No @entity1141 and XXXX : A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['initial non-dysplastic BE', 'BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['LGD', 'low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia', 'Dysplasia']

answer: @entity258 :: (MESH:D009800,Disease) :: ['Low-Grade Dysplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-stranded non-protein coding small RNAs, 18-25 @entity2036 in length, are ubiquitous throughout plants genomes and are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Several types of DNA markers have been reported for the detection of genetic diversity or sequence variation in @entity1460 , one of the most important legume crops in worldwide for seed protein and oil content. Recently, with the available of public genomic databases, there has been a shift from the labor-intensive development of PCR-based markers to sequence-based genotyping and the development of functional markers within genes, often coupled with the use of RNA information. But thus far miRNA-based markers have been only developed in @entity579 and @entity286 . Here we report the first functional molecular miRNA marker, @entity73138 -InDel, in @entity1460 for a specific single copy locus used to assess genetic variation in domesticated @entity1460 ( @entity1460 ) and its wild progenitor (Glycine soja Sieb. _ Zucc.). RESULTS: We genotyped a total of 1,669 accessions of domesticated @entity1460 (G. max) and its wild progenitor G. soja which are native throughout the China and parts of Korea, Japan and Russia. The results indicate that the @entity73138 locus is distributed in cultivated @entity1460 and has three alleles in annual wild @entity1460 . Based on this result, we proposed that miR-InDel marker technology can be used to assess genetic variation. The inclusion of geo-reference data with @entity73138 -InDel marker data corroborated that accessions from the Yellow River basin (Huanghuai) exhibited high genetic diversity which provides more molecular evidence for gene diversity in annual wild @entity1460 and domestication of @entity1460 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence for the use of RNA marker, miRNA1511-InDel, as a @entity1460 -specific functional maker for the study of genetic diversity, genotyping of germplasm and evolution studies. This is also the first report of functional marker developed from @entity1460 miRNA located within the functional region of pre-miRNA1511.

title: Functional marker development of XXXX -InDel and allelic diversity within the genus Glycine.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['soybean', 'Glycine max [L.] Merr']

answer: @entity73138 :: (100886473,Gene) :: ['miR1511']


abstract: PURPOSE: We introduce a new method combined with the deformable image registration (DIR) and regions-of-interest mapping (ROIM) technique to accurately calculate dose on daily CBCT for @entity418 . METHODS: @entity1 suffered from @entity418 were enrolled in the study. Prescription was set to 66 Gy/30 F and 54 Gy/30 F to the @entity5 (PTV66) and subclinical disease (PTV54) . Planning CT (pCT) were segmented into 8 substructures in terms of their differences in physical density, such as gross target volume (GTV), venae cava superior ( @entity6480 ), aorta, heart, spinal cord, lung, muscle and bones. The pCT and its substructures were transferred to the MIM software to readout their mean HU values. Afterwards, a deformable planning CT to daily KV-CBCT image registration method was then utilized to acquire a new structure set on CBCT. The newly generated structures on CBCT were then transferred back to the treatment planning system (TPS) and its HU information were overridden manually with mean HU values obtained from pCT. Finally, the treatment plan was projected onto the CBCT images with the same beam arrangements and monitor units (MUs) to accomplish dose calculation. Planning target volume ( @entity343 ) and @entity347 ( @entity347 ) from both of the pCT and CBCT were compared to evaluate the dose calculation accuracy. RESULTS: It was found that the dose distribution in the CBCT showed little differences compared to the pCT, regardless of whether @entity343 or @entity347 were concerned. Specifically, dose variation in GTV, PTV54, PTV66, @entity6480 , lung and heart were within 0.1%. The maximum dose variation was presented in the spinal cord, which was up to 2.7% dose difference. CONCLUSION: The proposed method combined with DIR and ROIM technique to accurately calculate dose distribution on CBCT for @entity418 is feasible.

title: SU-E-J-100: The Combination of Deformable Image Registration and Regions-Of-Interest Mapping Technique to Accomplish Accurate Dose Calculation On Cone Beam Computed Tomography for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organs at risk', 'OARs']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['Esophageal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Coronary artery bypass grafting carried out in @entity1 in @entity1455 or receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an infrequently performed procedure, disrupting the normal process with a dramatic early risk. These circumstances mandate an analysis of the benefit, including the early identification of the late survivors. METHODS: A consecutive series of @entity1 undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting while in @entity1455 (n = 167) or while receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (n = 92) from August 1979 until August 2001 were studied by using time-related and multivariate methodologies and a common-closing-date follow-up methodology. The events leading to the preoperative condition were either a recent catheterization, recent coronary artery bypass grafting, recent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, an @entity1188 at home, an @entity1188 in the hospital, or an @entity1188 after a recent @entity1188 . RESULTS: The 1- and 10-year survival was 59% +/- 6% and 47% +/- 7%, respectively. A normal hazard of late death was observed beyond the protracted early hazard. Multivariate analysis of survival identified an increased risk in the presence of additional comorbidity, treated @entity6 , a lower pH at entry into the operating theater, and the presence of @entity66 . The discriminatory power for hospital mortality of the predictive variables was low (receiving operator characteristic range, 0.56-0.69). The 30-day freedom from hospital discharge alive was 33% +/- 7%. The 8-day freedom from @entity64 was 94% +/- 3%, and 8-day freedom from mechanical univentricular or biventricular support was 87% +/- 5%. The 10-year freedom from cardiosurgical reintervention was 90% +/- 6%. CONCLUSIONS: Coronary artery bypass grafting in @entity1455 or during cardiopulmonary resuscitation has an extremely high and protracted periprocedural risk but is balanced by a satisfactory late survival. An early prediction of the hospital survivors is difficult.

title: Long-term outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting in XXXX or cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['triple-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity1455 :: (MESH:D012770,Disease) :: ['cardiogenic shock']


abstract: Reciprocal inhibitory influences of heterotopic nociceptive stimuli have been known for centuries (counter-irritation phenomena). To assess whether such phenomena could be measured objectively in a @entity1118 model, we have investigated the writhing behaviour induced by a viscero-peritoneal nociceptive stimulus (i.p. @entity1543 ) in arthritic @entity35 . The latter was induced by s.c. injection of mycobacterium butyricum suspended in oil into the base of the tail and experiments carried out at various (1-9 weeks) post-inoculation periods. To assess the @entity625 -induced hyperaesthesia, the threshold for struggle triggered by a calibrated pressure applied on an inflamed hindpaw (Randall-Selitto test) was measured before each experiment. A clear relationship was observed between the two parameters during the evolution of the disease. In the most severe phase (2nd to 5th week post-inoculation), when @entity625 -induced hyperaesthesia was most pronounced (50% reduction of the threshold for struggle), writhing behaviour was strongly reduced (80%). At that time, writhing behaviour was enhanced by @entity1510 (0.4 mg/kg i.v.). In the following period (5-9 weeks), the progressive decrease of hyperaesthesia was correlated with a recovery of the writhing behaviour. We conclude that in this @entity1118 model, the behavioral reaction to a viscero-peritoneal nociceptive stimulus is impaired. Endogenous opioid systems could be involved in this phenomenon. Such heterotopic inhibitory processes could be relevant to some paradoxical clinical observations such as the masking of a @entity158 by the experience of @entity158 at another locus.

title: The response to viscero-peritoneal nociceptive stimuli is reduced in experimental arthritic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: We studied 30 @entity1 with @entity3100 and @entity66 and to compare the efficacy of intralesional @entity134 injection and @entity3101 to @entity3101 alone for treatment of this disorder. @entity1 ranged in age from 1 year to 12 years, 1 month (mean, 5 years, 7 months). All @entity1 were black and 23 (77%) were female. (The racial composition of our clinic population is 45% black, 18% Latin American, 34% Caucasian and 3% Asian.) Fungus cultures were positive in all but one @entity1 and Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated from 26 of 30 (87%) of the pretreatment hair cultures. Direct microscopic examinations of @entity3071 -treated hair samples were negative in 13 of 29 (43%) culture-positive @entity1 . @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive intralesional steroid injection (2.5 mg) and @entity3101 (14 @entity1 ) or @entity3101 only (16 @entity1 ). The treatment groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, duration of lesions before treatment and type of lesions. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups in the time to negative culture, time of onset of new hair growth, complete regrowth of hair and time to scalp clearing. We conclude that intralesional injection of corticosteroid is an unnecessary adjunct to therapy for @entity1 with @entity3100 with kerion.

title: Randomized controlled trial of intralesional corticosteroid and @entity3101 vs. XXXX alone for treatment of kerion.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['kerion to define the epidemiology of the disease']

entities_list: @entity3101 :: ('MESH:D006118', 'Chemical') :: ['griseofulvin']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3100 :: ('MESH:D014006', 'Disease') :: ['tinea capitis']

answer: @entity3101 :: (MESH:D006118,Chemical) :: ['griseofulvin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify predictive ultrasound signs for unfavorable outcome in @entity2241 ( @entity6675 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study among pregnant @entity1 with the prenatal diagnosis of @entity6675 between 1998 and 2011 at the University of Wuerzburg, Germany. Analysis included prenatal ultrasound scans, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) records, and pediatric records. The collected variables included maternal and fetal demographics, as well as an analysis of predictors for unfavorable fetal outcome. Unfavorable outcome was defined by more than 2 postnatal surgical interventions, intestinal resections, and long time to oral feeding (>= 4  weeks). RESULTS: 35 cases of fetal @entity6675 were diagnosed, whereby 23 cases met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated by prenatal ultrasound and postnatal outcome. Based on the postnatal situation, 15 @entity1 were classified in a good prognosis group and 8 @entity1 in a poor prognosis group. Fetuses with poor prognosis were presented later during pregnancy (21.1      6 vs. 26.9      5.3  weeks; p  <  0.01) and delivered at earlier gestational age (35.6      0.8 vs. 33.4      1.4  weeks; p  <  0.01) with lower birth weight (2074      306.3 vs. 2559      255.4  g; p  <  0.01). There were no differences in prenatal findings like growth restriction, amniotic fluid index, or Doppler results between good and poor prognosis group. However, early detected and long-lasting @entity384 was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Late presentation and early gestational age at delivery are associated with poor prognosis in neonates with @entity6675 . Furthermore, early onset as well as long duration of @entity384 is associated with poor fetal outcome, while other ultrasound characteristics are not able to predict poor prognosis of @entity6675 .

title: Prenatal sonographic ultrasound predictors for the outcome in XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bowel dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal gastroschisis']

answer: @entity2241 :: (MESH:D005315,Disease) :: ['fetal gastroschisis']


abstract: Increasing survival rates in @entity5 have yielded a growing population of parents of @entity5 survivors (CCSs). This systematic review compiles the literature on positive and negative long-term @entity458 for parents of CCSs, reported at least five years after the @entity1 's diagnosis and/or two years after the end of the @entity1 's treatment. Systematic searches were made in the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Fifteen studies, published between 1988 and 2010, from 12 projects were included. Thirteen studies used quantitative methodology, one quantitative and qualitative methodology, and one qualitative methodology. A total of 1045 parents participated in the reviewed studies. Mean scores were within normal ranges for general @entity458 , coping, and family functioning. However, a substantial subgroup reported a clinical level of general @entity458 , and 21-44% reported a severe level of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Worry, disease-related thoughts and feelings, marital strains, as well as posttraumatic growth was reported. Several factors were associated with the long-term late effects, such as parents' maladaptive coping during earlier stages of the childs disease trajectory and @entity1 's current poor adjustment. Quality assessments of reviewed studies and clinical implications of findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.

title: Long-term positive and negative @entity458 for parents of XXXX survivors: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['childhood cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress', 'psychological late effects']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['childhood cancer']


abstract: In Taiwan, @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) and @entity6331 ( @entity6331 ) remain widespread and constituting a health problem. The long-term prevention of @entity883 among rheumatic @entity1 has also failed to prevail, and yet has seldom been emphasized. Therefore, recurrence of @entity4789 remained prevalent. For an appraisal of the difficulties in the administration of long-term medication prophylaxis, a prospective study was started in 1967. One hundred and five consecutive cases of @entity4789 and @entity6331 were followed up for more than 1 year to 6 years with an average of 4.4 years. One hundred and two cases received monthly injections of @entity4995 for 6 months to 6 years, of whom 10 were switched to daily sulfa drugs; 1 case had oral @entity114 daily for 6 years; in 12 cases, sulfa drugs were given for 6 months to 5 years. Fifty-one cases (48.6 %) stayed well in the program; 22 (21.0 %) stayed but were not compliant; 32 (30.4 %) dropped out soon or after staying in for more than 1 year. Major risk factors leading to non-compliance are; 1) apparent recovery from the illness or resumption of the normal activity; 2) cram session at school; 3) lack of easy medical care system; and 4) shortage of active participation by the health workers and general practitioners. The present study confirmed that the long-term prevention of @entity883 was effective and contributed to the decline of @entity4789 recurrence rate from more than 30 % down to 6%. Our study implicates that this important preventive program can not be achieved just only by the hospital staff, but should be approached jointly by all doctors, health and social workers, school teachers and the parents.

title: Some problems in long-term prevention of @entity883 among @entity1 with XXXX in Taiwan.

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['RHD', 'rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity883 :: ('MESH:D013290', 'Disease') :: ['streptococcal infections', 'streptococcal infection']

entities_list: @entity4995 :: ('MESH:D010401', 'Chemical') :: ['benzathine penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a high incidence of @entity393 in @entity1 with cochlear implants (CCI). However, the relationship between @entity393 and various outcomes is unknown in @entity1 . The objectives of this study are to (1) determine whether age-related changes in peripheral vestibular tests occur; (2) quantify peripheral vestibular function in @entity1 with normal hearing and CCI; and (3) determine whether amount of @entity393 predicts visual acuity and balance performance. DESIGN: Eleven CCI and 12 @entity1 with normal hearing completed the following tests of vestibular function: ocular and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential to assess utricle and saccule function and the video head impulse test to assess semicircular canal function. The relationship between amount of @entity393 and the following balance and visual acuity outcomes was assessed: dynamic gait index, single-leg stance, the sensory organization test, and tests of visual acuity, including dynamic visual acuity and the gaze stabilization test. RESULTS: (1) There were no significant age-related changes in peripheral vestibular testing with the exception of the n23 cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential latency, which was moderately correlated with age. (2) CCI had significantly higher rates of @entity393 for each test of canal and otolith function. (3) Amount of @entity393 predicted performance on single-leg stance, the dynamic gait index, some conditions of the sensory organization test, and the dynamic visual acuity test. Age was also a contributing factor for predicting the performance of almost all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminarily, @entity1 with @entity393 do not recover naturally to levels of their healthy peers, particularly with activities that utilize vestibular input; they have poorer visual acuity and balance function.

title: Vestibular, Visual Acuity, and Balance Outcomes in XXXX With Cochlear Implants: A Preliminary Report.

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: A variety of agents are used as premedication for upper @entity344 (U.G.E.). To our knowledge, no double blind studies have been performed to compare their value. In this study @entity4390 (2 mg i.v.) was compared with @entity3175 (t mg i.v.) in 200 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective U.G.E. The study was randomized and double blind in regard to both endoscopists and @entity1 . All @entity1 were given @entity3897 (0.4 mg i.v.) and a throat spray with 2% @entity6513 . @entity1 who needed supplemental medication were given @entity3175 and excluded from final analysis. A graded questionnaire was recorded by endoscopists and @entity1 after U.G.E., and a further anonymous questionnaire was returned by @entity1 four days later. Statistical analysis revealed that @entity4390 was superior at facilitating intubation and providing more relaxation as judged by the endoscopist. @entity1 questionnaires, four days after U.G.E., indicated less distress during intubation and examination with @entity4390 . @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity2730 and @entity3527 were uncommon after either @entity4390 or @entity3175 .

title: A comparison of @entity3175 and @entity4390 in premedication for upper XXXX : a randomized double blind controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity4390 :: ('MESH:D010638', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoperidine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity6513 :: ('MESH:D013748', 'Chemical') :: ['amethocaine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3527 :: ('MESH:D010689', 'Disease') :: ['phlebitis']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']


abstract: We evaluated the resection of the papilla of Vater performed in @entity1 with @entity5 in the papilla of Vater. The subjects were 6 @entity1 who underwent resection of the papilla of Vater between January 1969 and December 2001. The @entity1 aged 57-87 years consisted of 3 males and 3 females. The maximal diameter of the @entity5 was 0.5 cm in 1 @entity1 , 1.5 cm in 3 @entity1 , and 2.0 cm in 2 @entity1 . Macroscopically, the @entity5 were of the protruded type (exposed) in 3 @entity1 , of the mixed type (predominant protruded type) in 2 @entity1 , and of the ulcerative type in 1 @entity1 . The histological depth of the @entity5 was up to the mucosa in 1 @entity1 , up to the oddi in 1 @entity1 , up to the panc0, du1 in 1 @entity1 , up to the panc1, du2 in 1 @entity1 , and unknown in 2 @entity1 . Histologically, the @entity5 were @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in 4 @entity1 and @entity420 of the well-differentiated type (tub1) in 2 @entity1 . Resection of the papilla of Vater was chosen because of high risk factors such as advanced age in 2 @entity1 , complicated severe @entity82 and confinement to bed due to poor systemic conditions after @entity1779 in 3 @entity1 , and hepatic metastasis observed during surgery in 1 @entity1 . @entity5 cells around the excised region were positive in 4 @entity1 and unknown in the remaining 2 @entity1 . Of the 6 @entity1 , 5 died within 2 years after surgery, but 1 is alive without symptoms of recurrence 7 years after surgery. The death causes were the primary disease in 3 of the 5 @entity1 . From the viewpoint of radical treatment, resection of the papilla of Vater cannot be chosen as a reduced surgery for @entity5 in the papilla of Vater. However, resection of the papilla of Vater can be applied to very elderly @entity1 and @entity1 under poor systemic conditions, for whom pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is considered excessively invasive due to a small diameter of @entity5 .

title: Evaluation of resection of the papilla of Vater for the treatment of XXXX in the papilla of Vater.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Residual cancer', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['tubular adenocarcinoma', 'papillotubular adenocarcinoma', 'pap-tub']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the principles and preliminary results of plaque brachytherapy for selected @entity2694 . METHODS: A custom-designed @entity1496 -125 plaque, designed to deliver a target dose of 50 Gray, was placed surgically in the region from which an @entity2694 was partially resected. The mean dose to the target area was 50 Gray. The initial and follow-up @entity1 data were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the 8 @entity1 , the diagnosis was @entity2347 of the lacrimal gland (4 cases), orbital invasion by @entity1491 (2), orbital extension of @entity320 (1), and @entity189 (1). Of the 4 with @entity2347 , there was microscopic @entity41 after excision and orbital exenteration was considered. Three have @entity5 control with follow-up of 1, 3, and 6 years. One @entity1 required exenteration for recurrence separate from the field of brachytherapy and is free of @entity5 after 10 years. All 4 @entity1 are alive and well with @entity5 control. Of the 2 @entity1 with orbital extension of @entity1491 , @entity5 control without recurrence has been achieved in both after 2 years. The @entity1 with orbital @entity3 responded to plaque radiotherapy, with no orbital recurrence, but died of systemic @entity3 . The @entity1 with orbital @entity320 had local orbital recurrence separate from the area of irradiation and is currently being treated for systemic @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Based on preliminary observations, plaque radiotherapy appears to be a reasonable alternative to exenteration and external irradiation for selected @entity2694 .

title: Plaque radiotherapy for selected XXXX : preliminary observations: the 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 2.

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital malignancy', 'orbital malignancies']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'conjunctival melanoma']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital malignancies']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity5924 is the most common lower respiratory tract disease among @entity1 and results in 35 admissions per 1000 @entity1 in Canada. We describe the epidemiology of @entity5924 presentations to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) made by @entity1 (aged  <=2 years) in Alberta, Canada. METHODS: Provincial administrative databases were used to obtain all @entity2613 encounters for @entity5924 during April 1999 to March 2005. Information included demographics, @entity2613 visit timing, and subsequent visits to non- @entity2613 settings. Data analysis included summaries and standardized rates. RESULTS: There were 26,742 @entity2613 visits for @entity5924 made by 18,155 @entity1 . Most (74.9%) had only 1 @entity5924 -related @entity2613 visit; males (60.6% of @entity2613 visits, 59.8% of @entity1 ) more commonly presented than females. The standardized rates increased from 23.2 to 46.7 per 1000 in 1999/2000 to 2000/2001 and decreased gradually to 38.8 per 1000 in 2004/2005. Of the total visits, 22.6% required hospitalization. In a discharged subset, 10.4% had a repeat @entity2613 visit within 7 days. Most @entity1 (63.3%) had yet to have a non- @entity2613 follow-up visit by 1 week; median time to the first follow-up was 18 days. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5924 is a common presenting problem in Alberta @entity341 , and further study of these trends is required to understand variation in presentations. The important findings include different trends in rates for the first 3 years before a gradual decrease, disparities based on age, sex, and socioeconomic/cultural status, and the low rate of early follow-up. Targeted interventions could be implemented to reduce @entity5924 -related hospitalizations.

title: Presentations of XXXX to @entity341 in Alberta, Canada, for @entity5924 : a large population-based study.

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['Bronchiolitis', 'bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency departments', 'EDs']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity311 cases is one of the basic elements of the current global @entity311 control strategy. In order to provide this service to @entity1 in rural areas there is a need for new cost-effective approaches. To ensure that such new approaches are acceptable to the target communities, it is important to know the rationale for @entity1 's @entity311 treatment-seeking behavior. The present study provides insights into the reasons for @entity1 's preferences for different types of healthcare facilities and describes variation of these preferences within a rural community in @entity3595 Lanka. The study reports on the experiences with the establishment of a village health facility and its effect on the treatment-seeking behavior of the population. After the introduction of the village treatment center it quickly took over the role of main provider for diagnosis and treatment of @entity311 from the government facilities. The treatment center did not improve the response time in seeking treatment for young @entity1 , but the delay for adults was reduced by 1-2 days. Mothers with small @entity1 often preferred the government facilities since they wanted a more qualified opinion than available from the locally recruited staff of the village treatment center. The treatment center significantly reduced the stress and discomfort experienced by the elderly and handicapped segment of the community. The study indicated that the effective catchment area of a village treatment center will be influenced by the degree of initial support from key individuals in the communities, the selection procedure and training of assistants, and the history of the relationships between different villages to be served by the center. The government health services and communities across the dry zone of @entity3595 Lanka could benefit substantially from the establishment of more village treatment centers. To ensure the long-term sustainability of these type of facilities it is necessary to assess the feasibility of charging a user fee and establishing multi-purpose clinics. Government policies and administrative procedures will need to be adjusted to make the successful operation of village treatment centers possible.

title: A village treatment center for @entity311 : community response in XXXX Lanka.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'children']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: 78 @entity1 with @entity420 were studied with a diagnostic protocol in order to obtain a TNM clinical stage in the preoperative period. Each @entity1 underwent digital rectal examination, proctoscopy, double contrast barium enema, pelvic CT scan, liver ultrasound and chest x-ray. The degree of infiltration of the rectal wall by the @entity5 and the presence or absence of node and liver metastases were evaluated. After resection all specimens were studied by a pathologist who defined the pathologic stage. Data obtained by each diagnostic procedure were compared with the pathologic data. For each method, accuracy, specificity and sensitivity were evaluated. Each method showed an equivalent accuracy (100%) to detect infiltration of the muscularis of the rectum. Data were less accurate in identifying extraparietal @entity5 invasion. Accuracy was 79% for rectal examination, 74% for double contrast barium enema and 72% for pelvic CT scan. In the evaluation of lymph-node involvement, accuracy was 77%, specificity 74% and sensitivity 80%. Liver metastases were detected with 94% accuracy, 97% specificity and 50% sensitivity.

title: Clinical staging of XXXX . Results of a prospective continuing study.

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['rectal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To validate a wound classification instrument that includes assessment of depth, @entity281 , and @entity63 based on the eventual outcome of the wound. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated the medical records of 360 @entity6 @entity1 presenting for care of foot wounds at a multidisciplinary tertiary care foot clinic. As per protocol, all @entity1 had a standardized evaluation to assess @entity130 , @entity16 , @entity5327 , and @entity281 . @entity1 were assessed at 6 months after their initial evaluation to see whether an amputation had been performed. RESULTS: There was a significant overall trend toward increased prevalence of amputations as wounds increased in both depth (chi 2trend = 143.1, P < 0.001) and stage (chi 2trend = 91.0, P < 0.001). This was true for every subcategory as well with the exception of noninfected, nonischemic @entity1066 . There were no amputations performed within this stage during the follow-up period. @entity1 were more than 11 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher level amputation if their wound probed to bone (18.3 vs. 2.0%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 31.5, odds ratio (OR) = 11.1, CI = 4.0-30.3). @entity1 with @entity281 and @entity63 were nearly 90 times more likely to receive a midfoot or higher amputation compared with @entity1 in less advanced wound stages (76.5 vs. 3.5%, P < 0.001, chi 2 = 133.5, OR = 89.6, CI = 25-316). CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes deteriorated with increasing grade and stage of wounds when measured using the University of Texas Wound Classification System.

title: Validation of a @entity6 wound classification system. The contribution of depth, XXXX , and @entity63 to risk of amputation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['vascular insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['wound depth']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: @entity6196 of the posterior fossa/ @entity2946 ( @entity6196 ) are the most common malignant primary @entity1221 of childhood. Current approaches to therapy for @entity1 with @entity6196 are illustrative of both the advances which have been made in management of @entity1313 and the areas where increased understanding is needed. With the optimal use of surgery and radiotherapy, the majority of @entity1 with @entity6196 can be expected to be alive and free of disease 5 years after diagnosis. Based on various factors, including the age of @entity1 , the extent of the disease at the time of diagnosis and histological parameters, it is possible to stratify @entity1 with @entity6196 into 'risk' groups. It is unclear whether preoperative or postoperative factors are most predictive of outcome. @entity1 with factors predictive of a higher likelihood of disease relapse seem to benefit from treatment with chemotherapy. The amount of radiotherapy and the type and amount of chemotherapy which is most efficacious in controlling the disease has yet to be determined. @entity1 surviving @entity6196 are at high risk for endocrinologic and neuropsychologic sequelae. Multiple prospective treatment protocols are now underway, attempting to determine which therapy is best at controlling disease without causing severe long-term damage. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity6196 .

title: Management of XXXX with primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the posterior fossa/ @entity2946 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6196 :: ('MESH:D018242', 'Disease') :: ['PNET-MB', 'Primitive neuroectodermal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['childhood brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity1221 :: ('MESH:D016543', 'Disease') :: ['central nervous system tumors']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver resection, or pancreaticoduodenectomy, has traditionally been thought to have a high morbidity and mortality rate among the elderly. Recent improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques, an increasing number of elderly @entity1 , and an increasing need to justify use of limited health care resources prompted an assessment of recent surgical outcomes. METHODS: Five hundred seventy-seven liver resections (July 1985-July 1994) performed for metastatic @entity14 and 488 pancreatic resections (October 1983-July 1994) performed for pancreatic @entity5 were identified in departmental data bases. Outcomes of @entity1 younger than age 70 years were compared with those of @entity1 age 70 years or older. RESULTS: Liver resection for 128 @entity1 age 70 years or older resulted in a 4% perioperative mortality rate and a 42% complication rate. Median hospital stay was 13 days, and 8% of the @entity1 required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Median survival was 40 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 35%. No differences were found between results for the elderly and those for younger @entity1 who had undergone liver resection, except for a minimally shorter hospital stay for the younger @entity1 (median, 12 days vs. 13 days; p = 0.003). Pancreatic resection for 138 elderly @entity1 resulted in a mortality rate of 6% and a complication rate of 45%. Median stay was 20 days, and 19% of the @entity1 required ICU admission, results identical to those for the younger cohort. Long-term survival was poorer for the elderly @entity1 , with a 5-year survival rate of 21% compared with 29% for the younger cohort (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Major liver or pancreatic resections can be performed for the elderly with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and possible long-term survival. Chronological age alone is not a contraindication to liver or pancreatic resection for @entity5 .

title: Pancreatic or liver resection for XXXX is safe and effective for the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignancy']


abstract: We recently reported that treatment of differentiated @entity1573 embryo myoblasts in culture with the potent @entity5 promoter @entity864 ( @entity865 ) caused a 2-fold increase in the level of @entity11396 in the plasma membrane fraction within 15-30 min (Grove, R.I. and Schimmel, S.D. (1981) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 102, 158-164). This system has been characterized further and the metabolic origin and fate of the stimulated @entity2366 have been investigated. The stimulation of @entity11396 was insensitive to alterations of @entity141 concentration in the medium and to the presence of inhibitors of @entity141 flux, protein synthesis and prostaglandin synthesis. The @entity844 composition of the newly formed @entity2366 was similar to that of @entity2434 . In addition, the @entity653 moiety of the @entity2366 was shown to be derived from a lipid with metabolic turnover similar to that of @entity2434 . The @entity5 promoter was also found to stimulate rapidly synthesis of @entity8558 , @entity4357 and @entity2434 . A possible model is proposed, therefore, in which the @entity5 promoter stimulates a membrane-associated phospholipase C which generates @entity11396 via the hydrolysis of @entity2434 . The newly formed @entity2366 is then metabolized back to @entity2434 or to @entity8558 and @entity4357 .

title: Effects of XXXX on glycerolipid metabolism in cultured myoblasts.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity8558 :: ('MESH:D010712', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidic acid']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity11396 :: ('MESH:C011439', 'Chemical') :: ['1,2-diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity864 :: (MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755,Chemical) :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate']


abstract: Protein degradation is regulatory for the cell cycle, signal transduction and gene transcription. A critical step is the selective marking of the target protein, resulting in polyubiquitination by one of a large number of E3-ubiquitin ligases. Both target marking and E3-ubiquitin ligase activity are associated with common as well as unusual posttranslational modifications. For example, hydroxylation of Pro-residues and modification of @entity2734 -residues by high- @entity3913 sugar chains can target the modified proteins for rapid polyubiquitination in the @entity1 cytoplasm. Both @entity10783 hydroxylation and glycosylation also occur on @entity11066 , a subunit of the @entity6826 class of E3-ubiquitin ligases, from Dictyostelium. In this case, a pentasaccharide containing Gal, Fuc and N-acetyl-D-glucosmine ( @entity4826 ) is attached to the HyPro-residue. The @entity3363 are added sequentially by enzymes that reside in the cytoplasm rather than the secretory pathway. Two of the glycosyltransferases appear to be positioned in ancient evolutionary lineages that bridge prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The first, which attaches @entity4826 to HyPro, is related to enzymes that form @entity70164 - and @entity72449 -Ser/Thr linkages in the Golgi. @entity4826 is extended by a bifunctional glycosyltransferase that mediates the ordered addition of beta1,3-linked @entity19447 and alpha1,2-linked Fuc, using an architecture resembling that of two-domain prokaryotic glycosyltransferases involved in glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Mutational and pharmacological perturbation of glycosylation alters the subcellular localization of Skpl and growth properties ofcells. @entity10783 hydroxylation and complex O-glycosylation provide the cell with new options for epigenetic regulation of protein turnover in its cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments.

title: Evolutionary and functional implications of the complex glycosylation of XXXX , a cytoplasmic/nuclear glycoprotein associated with polyubiquitination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity70164 :: ('CHEBI:40356', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-GalNAc']

entities_list: @entity10783 :: ('CHEBI:26274', 'Chemical') :: ['Prolyl', 'prolyl']

entities_list: @entity72449 :: ('CHEBI:44278', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-GlcNAc']

answer: @entity11066 :: (6500,Gene) :: ['Skp1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In case of a loss of response to adalimumab, some @entity1 with @entity30 may derive benefit from increasing the dosing frequency to 40 mg weekly. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab 80 mg weekly remain unknown. METHODS: From February 2011 to September 2012, all adults who had active @entity30 , defined at least by @entity30 activity index >150 and 1 objective sign of @entity32 , and required an adalimumab dose escalation to 80 mg weekly were enrolled in a prospective multicenter cohort study. @entity30 activity index and @entity1851 levels were recorded during the first 14 weeks following adalimumab optimization and at 6 months. All adverse events were recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 were included. The median age was 33 years, and the median disease duration was 8.6 years. Adalimumab was associated with @entity230 in 28% of cases and with immunomodulators in 10% of @entity1 . Within the 14 weeks after adalimumab optimization, 14 @entity1 (33.3%) achieved clinical remission ( @entity30 activity index <150), and 23 @entity1 (54.8%) had a clinical response. Clinical improvement was associated with a drop in the @entity1851 level from 18 to 5 mg/L (P = 0.0008). After a median follow-up of 14.5 months, 5 @entity1 underwent major abdominal surgery. Adverse events were reported in 13 @entity1 (31%). CONCLUSIONS: Adalimumab 80 mg weekly seems to be well-tolerated and may be effective in inducing clinical remission in @entity1 with luminal @entity30 who failed to respond to 40 mg weekly or 80 mg every other week.

title: Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab 80 mg Weekly in Luminal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's Disease']


abstract: @entity599 plays an essential role in plants' growth and development and in their response to various abiotic and biotic stresses despite its leachability and its very low abundance in the only form that plant roots can uptake ( @entity597 ). It is part of @entity1522 , @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), @entity1433 of proteins and peptides, membrane sulfolipids, cell walls and secondary products, so reduced availability can drastically alter plant growth and development. The nutritional benefits of symbiotic interactions can help the plant in case of @entity4889 . In particular the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) interaction improves N, P, and S plant nutrition, but the mechanisms behind these exchanges are not fully known yet. Although the transcriptional changes in the leguminous model plant @entity4166 have been already assessed in several biotic and/or abiotic conditions, @entity4889 has not been considered so far. The aim of this work is to get a first overview on S-deficiency responses in the leaf and root tissues of plants interacting with the AM fungus @entity33674 . Several hundred genes displayed significantly different transcript accumulation levels. Annotation and GO ID association were used to identify biological processes and molecular functions affected by @entity599 starvation. Beside the beneficial effects of AM interaction, plants were greatly affected by the nutritional status, showing various differences in their transcriptomic footprints. Several pathways in which S plays an important role appeared to be differentially affected according to mycorrhizal status, with a generally reduced responsiveness to @entity4889 in mycorrhized plants.

title: Transcriptional responses of @entity4166 upon XXXX deficiency stress and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.

entities_list: @entity33674 :: ('588596', 'Species') :: ['Rhizophagus irregularis']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['S deficiency']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity599 :: ('MESH:D013455', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur', 'Sulfur']

entities_list: @entity4166 :: ('3880', 'Species') :: ['Medicago truncatula']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']