abstract: BACKGROUND: A rare and peculiar @entity8 has begun to be recognized in Japan. The Japanese Society of Nephrology has established a research working group and has collected cases from all over Japan in an attempt to understand the complete spectrum of this @entity8 . METHOD: The diagnostic criterion, which was needed to collect the cases, was proposed as a @entity8 showing microspheres or microtubular structures or both associated with podocytic infolding into the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) on electron microscopy. The lesion shows a non-argentaffin hole in the GBM with periodic acid @entity1332 staining and is similar to @entity631 . RESULTS: Twenty-five cases were collected from 17 institutions. @entity1 were 20-69 years old (19 @entity1 , 6 @entity1 ). Seventeen @entity1 also had collagen diseases such as @entity1988 and @entity244 . All @entity1 had @entity644 . @entity644 showed a remission in 15 of 23 @entity1 within 12 months, but @entity644 remained higher than 1.0 g/day in five @entity1 despite different types of therapy. Podocytic infolding including microspheres showed either positive or negative staining for immunoglobulins. Cluster formation of microspheres was found in 4 of 17 @entity1 with @entity1413 , and in five out eight @entity1 without @entity1413 . Electron-dense deposits in the GBM were also found in 6 of 17 @entity1 with @entity1413 but were not found in eight @entity1 without @entity1413 . CONCLUSION: Some @entity1 might have a subtype of @entity1988 , class V, or @entity631 . However, we propose a new disease entity, podocytic infolding @entity8 , as a common basis of all 25 @entity1 , because we suspect that microspheres or microtubular structures or both can be derived from podocytic infolding.

title: Proposal of podocytic infolding XXXX as a new disease entity: a review of 25 cases from nationwide research in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria', 'Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["Sj  gren's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine silver']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen disease']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['glomerulopathy']


abstract: The majority of @entity5 @entity1 wish to die at home. Improved understanding of place of @entity204 and its relevant demographic predictors is important for the planning of @entity5 care programs. The purpose of this study was to determine the place and predictors of site of @entity204 in @entity5 @entity1 in a major U.S. metropolitan area. Death certificate data over two years were analyzed for Houston area residents with @entity5 who died in the Houston area. Information was obtained on factors that might be associated with the place where @entity5 @entity1 die. For the purpose of this study, we looked at the following variables: primary site of @entity5 (hematological, breast, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, lung, and other); black, white, Hispanic, or Asian; age at @entity204 ; marital status; sex; whether or not veteran of U.S. armed forces; levels of education; and area of residency within the Houston area. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The majority of @entity1 died in the hospital (51-52% both years), with the next most frequently occurring group dying at home (34-35% both years). Stepwise multivariate analysis resulted in a 6-variable logistic regression model. In this model, the odds of dying in hospital were increased by a factor of 2.7 if the @entity1 had a hematological @entity5 (P<0.0001), a factor of 1.6 if the @entity1 lived in Harris County (P<0.0001), and a factor of 1.5 if the @entity1 was black (P<0.0001). Further characterization of factors associated with increased risk of hospital @entity204 rate is needed and systems should be developed to enable the majority of @entity5 @entity1 to access palliative care services in the multiple settings in which they die.

title: Place of @entity204 of Houston area residents with XXXX over a two-year period.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'palliative cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: Nicotinic @entity934 receptors containing the alpha7 gene product are widely expressed in the nervous system and have high @entity460 permeabilities that allow them to influence numerous @entity460 -dependent processes. Though often found at presynaptic locations, where they enhance transmitter release, the receptors can also occupy postsynaptic sites. Highest levels have been reported for @entity1573 ciliary ganglion neurons, where the postsynaptic receptors are concentrated on somatic spines arranged in clumps and appear as large receptor clusters. We show here that subpopulations of @entity1573 spinal cord neurons also express high levels of alpha7-containing receptors and arrange them in large clusters. The populations include peripheral motoneurons, presumptive preganglionic neurons, neurons adjacent to the lateral motor column, and possible interneurons in the ventral horn. In many cases, the receptor clusters codistribute with filamentous actin, as do clusters on ciliary ganglion neurons, where the actin represents a somatic spine constituent. In other respects, the spinal cord clusters differ. Those on motoneurons codistribute with the actin-associated component drebrin, as do the clusters on ciliary ganglion neurons, but the clusters on preganglionic neurons do not. Preganglionic neurons do, however, stain for lipid raft components as found for ciliary ganglion neurons, where the rafts embed the receptor-enriched spines. The results demonstrate that CNS neurons can configure alpha7-containing nicotinic receptors into large clusters but also suggest that the clusters are not likely to reflect a common molecular substructure on all neurons.

title: Large clusters of alpha7-containing nicotinic @entity934 receptors on XXXX spinal cord neurons.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1003 after living donor hepatectomy (LDH) may endanger donor safety during removal of thoracic epidural catheter (TEC). The present study was conducted to evaluate the extent and duration of immediate @entity86 after LDH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of perioperative record of LDH over three years was conducted after IRB approval. Variables such as age, gender, BMI, ASA classification, liver volume on CT scan, preoperative and postoperative INR, platelet count (PC) and ALT of each donor for five days was noted. In addition, duration of surgery, remnant as percentage total liver volume (Remnant%), @entity190 , day of peak in PC and INR were also noted. @entity1003 was defined as being present if INR exceeded 1.5 or platelet count fell below 1 * 10 5 /mm 3 on any day. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 for Windows. Between group comparison was made using the Student 't' test for continuous variables and chi square test for categorical variables. Univariate analysis was done. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to find independent factor associated with @entity1003 . RESULTS: Eighty four (84) donors had @entity1003 on second day (mean INR 1.9    0.42). Low BMI, % of remnant liver and duration of surgery were independent predictors of @entity1003 . Right lobe hepatectomy had more @entity1003 than left lobe and low BMI was the only independent predictor. There was no correlation of @entity1003 with age, gender, @entity190 , presence of epidural catheter, postoperative ALT or duration of hospital stay. High INR was the main contributor for @entity1003 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1003 is seen after donor hepatectomy. We recommend removal of the epidural catheter after the fifth postoperative day when INR falls below 1.5.

title: XXXX after live related donor hepatectomy: Incidence, predictors and implications for safety of thoracic epidural catheter.

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy', 'Coagulopathy']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['Postoperative coagulopathy']


abstract: AIMS: To ascertain if a relationship between @entity995 ( @entity996 ) and @entity876 proteins exists in sporadic @entity14 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive colectomy specimens for @entity14 in @entity1 over the age of 50 and with no family history of @entity5 in the bowel were examined for immunoexpression of @entity996 and @entity876 proteins. These findings were then related to clinicopathological findings. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies to @entity996 and @entity876 were used on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. RESULTS: The most intense @entity996 immunoexpression was detected in well-differentiated, @entity5 . On the other hand, @entity876 expression was most intense in poorly differentiated, @entity5 . No statistically significant associations were noted with immunoexpression and age, gender or site of lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is an inverse relationship between @entity996 and @entity876 protein expression in a proportion of sporadic @entity14 . Twelve @entity5 which showed low levels of @entity996 showed high levels of @entity876 protein. Similarly, seven @entity5 with high @entity996 levels displayed low @entity876 expression. In terms of immunohistochemical profile, @entity876 -high/ @entity996 -low @entity5 tended to be poorly differentiated and have advanced stage @entity5 .

title: @entity995 and @entity876 protein expression in sporadic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'low-stage cancers', 'advanced-stage carcinomas', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancers']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The safety of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) ablation in @entity1 with laminated left ventricular (LV) @entity715 has not been examined. METHODS: @entity1 with laminated LV @entity715 on transthoracic echocardiogram who underwent scar-mediated @entity1165 ablation at two centers from 2010-2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 had failed medical therapy. Acute procedural outcomes, complications, and clinical outcomes at one year were assessed. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (4 @entity63 , 4 @entity296 ) underwent @entity1165 ablation in the presence of laminated intracavitary @entity715 . Six out of 8 (75%) had @entity15262 ( @entity15262 ). The mapping and ablation approach was LV endocardial-only in 3 @entity1 , epicardial-only in 2, combined epicardial-RV endocardial in 2, and combined epicardial-LV endocardial in 1. Major complication ( @entity385 ) occurred in 1 @entity1 9 days post-procedure. There was no procedural mortality. Complete acute procedural success (noninducibility of any @entity1165 after ablation) was achieved in 5 (63%), and partial success (ablation of only clinical @entity1165 ) in an additional 3 (37%). At 1 year, freedom from @entity1165 and survival were achieved in 6 (75%) and 7 (88%) @entity1 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Initial data suggest ablation of @entity1165 in the presence of intracavitary @entity715 is feasible, is associated with a similar success rate to historical studies in @entity1 without @entity715 , and has an acceptable risk of complications given the high risk nature of @entity1 with @entity15262 . Further data is needed; however, the presence of a laminated @entity715 should not necessarily preclude ablation in @entity1 who have failed medical therapy for @entity1165 in whom ablation is otherwise indicated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX Ablation in the Presence of Left Ventricular Thrombus: Safety and Efficacy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['nonischemic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity15262 :: ('MESH:C566109', 'Disease') :: ['electrical storm', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1165 :: (MESH:D017180,Disease) :: ['Ventricular Tachycardia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiological investigations have revealed that the consumption of green tea, which is a rich source of @entity3089 (EGCG), is associated with a reduced risk of @entity170 . A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that EGCG exerts a significant positive effect on osteogenesis; however, the single effect of EGCG on osteogenic differentiation has been seldom studied. EGCG was hypothesized to function as an enhancer or an inducer. In the present study, the effect of EGCG on the osteogenic differentiation of primary @entity1 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs), without other additives, was investigated. Three groups of stem cells were analyzed, which included a negative control group (hBMSCs cultured with culture medium only), an experimental group (cells treated with culture medium containing 2.5, 5 and 10   M EGCG), and a positive control group (cells cultured with osteogenesis-induced culture medium). After 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, cell proliferation, @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity and the expression of associated osteogenic genes were analyzed. The results revealed that @entity623 activity and the expression of associated osteogenic genes, with the exception of @entity1841 ( @entity1841 ), were not affected by EGCG treatment alone. These results indicated that EGCG itself had little effect on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs; however, EGCG was able to enhance osteogenesis in the presence of osteoinductive agents through the upregulation of @entity1841 expression. Additionally, EGCG was shown to promote cell growth, demonstrating its safety as a therapeutic agent. Therefore, the present study indicated that treatment with EGCG was dependent on other osteogenic inducers.

title: Role of @entity3089 in the osteogenic differentiation of XXXX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: An enhancer or an inducer?

entities_list: @entity1841 :: ('650', 'Gene') :: ['BMP2', 'bone morphogenetic protein 2']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3089 :: ('MESH:C045651', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity1885 together with a @entity1859 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity1859 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6931 and @entity273 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity11339 ( @entity11339 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity968 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and @entity5363 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of @entity526 O157:H7, @entity11621 , and XXXX by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

entities_list: @entity1859 :: ('MESH:D004076', 'Chemical') :: ['digoxigenin']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ethylene glycol)']

entities_list: @entity11339 :: ('MESH:D058747', 'Disease') :: ['charge-coupled device', 'CCD']

entities_list: @entity11621 :: ('28901', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella enterica', 'S. enterica']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity5363 :: ('197', 'Species') :: ['Campylobacter jejuni', 'C. jejuni']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity5363 :: (197,Species) :: ['Campylobacter jejuni']


abstract: @entity1420 , @entity251 and @entity53 -17beta were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA) in the gonads of the clam Ruditapes decussatus. The reproductive cycle was also investigated. Our study covered a period of one year, from September 2003 to August 2004. The chosen site "Kerkennah", located out of industrial effluents, belongs to the gulf of @entity12191  s area (Tunisia). @entity230 varied from 178 to 2459 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity1420 , from 40 to 326 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity251 and from 10 to 235 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity53 -17beta in females. However in males, these @entity230 ranged from 304 to 2303 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity1420 , from 81 to 381 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity251 and from 48 to 168 pg g(-1) wet mass for @entity53 -17beta. The reproductive cycle of R. decussatus, investigated by histological examination of gonadic sections, showed that gametogenesis occurred from April to February in males and from April to November in females. @entity1420 and @entity251 increased at the end of gametogenesis in both sexes. The highest @entity53 -17beta was recorded at the beginning of vitellogenesis in females. Fluctuations in the levels of sex @entity230 during the reproductive cycle suggest their possible role as endogenous modulators of gametogenesis in R. decussatus. Although this species is considered as gonochoristic, 0.83% of hermaphrodites were observed.

title: Variation of steroid concentrations during the reproductive cycle of the clam Ruditapes decussatus: a one year study in the gulf of XXXX  s area.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone', 'Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['Steroids', 'steroids']

answer: @entity12191 :: (1,Gene) :: ['Gab']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity1 's Republic of China, both western medicine (WM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are the main treatment and rehabilitation options for @entity5 @entity1 . This study aimed to explore @entity5 survivors' perspectives and experience of treatment and rehabilitation, in order to promote @entity1 -centered activities of treatment and rehabilitation. METHODS: Using a qualitative research approach, 68 @entity5 survivors were recruited from eight community @entity5 rehabilitation organizations in Shanghai, @entity1 's Republic of China. Eight focus group interviews were conducted. All these interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the data were analyzed by theme analysis. RESULTS: WM was the main choice in treatment phase though study @entity1 noted more side effects. TCM was primarily used in the recovery phase. The lack of communication between doctors and @entity5 @entity1 appears to affect treatment adherence and impair the doctor- @entity1 relationship. WM was expensive for diagnostic procedures and treatment, while the cumulative costs of frequent use of TCM in the long rehabilitation period were also high. Both treatment options created significant perceived economic burden on @entity1 . Conflicting information about dietary supplements tended to make @entity5 survivors confused. CONCLUSION: Improving the communication between doctors and @entity5 @entity1 helps to ameliorate @entity5 @entity1 adherence and the effect of treatments. It is essential to educate @entity5 @entity1 about the effect and cost of both WM and traditional TCM. Meanwhile, marketing management and guidance to consumers regarding use of dietary supplements in the @entity5 rehabilitation field are also necessary.

title: XXXX survivors' perspectives and experience on western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine treatment and rehabilitation: a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'People']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine the role of Hh- @entity8889 signaling in oral and @entity957 (SCC). The role of this signaling pathway in SCC formation has not yet been elucidated. METHODS: Sixty-four tissue and blood samples were collected from 60 @entity1 with SCC, all @entity286 and @entity167 users. An additional six buccal mucosa tissue samples were collected from nonsmokers and nondrinkers as control tissue. RESULTS: Hedgehog- @entity8889 pathway components were associated with clinical and pathologic features. Broders' grade and N stage were associated with higher @entity2750 and lower @entity8889 expression. @entity5 stage was negatively associated with @entity2751 expression, and @entity5 size was positively associated with @entity986 expression. @entity2750 and @entity4851 were frequently detected in the surrounding stroma. @entity2750 was found to be correlated with @entity986 expression, as well as with survivin expression. CONCLUSIONS: The signaling pathway is activated in SCC and inducible in vitro by @entity4851 protein.

title: Hh- XXXX signaling pathway activity in oral and @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity8889 :: (2735,Gene) :: ['Gli']


abstract: For @entity1 with adult chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ) splenectomy (SE) is a highly effective treatment, but there are still uncertainties regarding the long-term efficacy and safety. We evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of SE in 48 consecutive adult @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 (26 @entity1 , 22 @entity1 ) who underwent SE between 1990 and 2001 at the General Hospital in Vienna, Austria. All @entity1 had no remission after @entity134 treatment and were @entity134 dependent. The median age at the time of SE was 44 years (range: 16-77 years). Of 48 @entity1 , 37 achieved a complete remission (CR, platelet count >100 x 10(9)/l), 8 a partial remission (PR) (platelet count 30-100 x 10(9)/l), and 2 had no response (NR). The probability of the overall survival was 98% at a median postsplenectomy observation time of 3.5 years. Seven @entity1 with CR and four @entity1 with PR relapsed. There were no relapses after 1 year. The probability of continuous complete remission (CCR) at 10 years was 79%. The probability of having a platelet count of >100 x 10(9)/l or >30 x 10(9)/l was 61% and 67%, respectively, at 5 and 10 years after splenectomy. Of the 11 relapsed @entity1 , 5 had a second CR ( n=3) or PR ( n=2). The postoperative platelet count was the best predictor for a long-term remission. All @entity1 with postoperative platelet counts >250 x 10(9)/l remained in CR. @entity1 aged >45 years had a similar success rate as compared with younger @entity1 . Three @entity1 had @entity281 (one @entity55 and two fever of unknown origin) requiring hospitalization, but none had overwhelming @entity295 .

title: Efficacy and safety of splenectomy in adult chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicemia']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'immune thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity3039 :: (MESH:D016553,Disease) :: ['immune thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Apoptosis in the testis and prostate exposed to disrupters of endocrine function, including @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ), during neonatal or postnatal periods has repeatedly been demonstrated, but not in the mature epididymis. We investigated the effects of @entity4743 , a potent and synthetic @entity172 , on apoptosis in the adult. Adult male @entity329 received an SC injection of @entity4743 and were then sacrificed to collect epididymides after 1, 4, or 7 days of treatment. A significant decrease in epididymal weight and an increase in apoptotic cells were shown on the first day after @entity4743 injection. Flow cytometry showed that @entity4743 treatment (1 mg/kg) for 1, 4, or 7 days induced significant apoptosis both in the caput and the cauda epididymides. Greater numbers of apoptotic cells were detected in the caput than in the cauda at a fixed time after @entity4743 treatment. Serum levels of @entity251 decreased markedly within 24 hr after @entity4743 administration, reaching undetectable levels of 0.1 ng/ml at 4 days and thereafter. These results indicate that @entity4743 administration can increase epididymal apoptosis with a decrease in serum @entity251 levels. Because @entity4743 used to be injected into domestic animals, adult males also have a chance to take this substance through food. Our study indicates that exposure to @entity4743 in adults is as toxic as that in the perinatal period.

title: Apoptosis in the epididymal epithelium of adult male XXXX exposed to @entity4742 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamsters']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['golden hamster']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Given the gradual progression observed in @entity1555 , organization of care in multidisciplinary consultations is essential for optimal management of the different aspects of the disease. Drawing up a care plan is always preceded by a specific consultation for the announcement of the diagnosis with both the parents and the @entity1 . Explaining to the @entity1 the origin of his problems with simple words, telling him that why he experienced a particular symptom has been understood, is a fundamental step. The @entity1 needs to receive the information at different times of the disease following the rhythms of the disease stages, with an appropriate lead time. With the progress achieved in managing this disease, more than 90% of these @entity1 now live into adulthood. The switch from pediatric consultations to adult consultations, marking the transition from childhood management at adulthood, is a major challenge in the organization of care. Although today @entity204 occurs most often in adulthood, some @entity1 die in childhood. For the majority of teams who care for @entity1 , whatever the initial pathology may be, the notion of care continuity and accompaniment from the announcement of the disease to the terminal phase is essential. Increasing numbers of therapeutic trials have been developed over the past few years aiming to investigate @entity1 with @entity1555 . However, they must not neglect the overall management of these @entity1 and provide the best accompaniment possible.

title: [Principles of multidisciplinary management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

answer: @entity1555 :: (MESH:D020388,Disease) :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy']


abstract: Primary spinal cord @entity5 is very rare, and in only one @entity1 with @entity602 has a deletion of chromosome 1p/19q been reported. We present the case of an 18-year-old @entity1 , who had one-year lower back @entity158 and one-month lower limb @entity425 . Magnetic resonance images of the spinal cord showed an intramedullary mass from level T8 to T10, which was then radically removed. Histology revealed an @entity3271 . The @entity1 was treated with radiotherapy postoperatively. Eight months after the treatment, follow-up magnetic resonance images disclosed an enhancing intramedullary mass at level T4-T8; recurrence of the @entity5 was therefore diagnosed. Maximum surgical @entity5 was performed, diagnosis of @entity3271 was made, and a chromosome 1p deletion was determined by FISH. After treatment with @entity2903 for six months, the @entity1 had a remarkable improvement of her lower limb symptoms, and complete imaging regression of the @entity41 showed no evidence of recurrence at any other sites. The most recent MRI of brain and spinal cord showed postoperative changes without evidence of @entity5 recurrence of the spine and oligodendrogliomatosis along the cerebral-spinal axis. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrent @entity3271 with 1p deletion occurring in the spinal cord. It is also the first case of the @entity1 with recurrent intramedullary @entity3271 who had a significant clinical improvement and complete imaging remission after subtotal resection then treatment with @entity2903 chemotherapy.

title: Spinal cord XXXX with 1p deletion: report of a relapsing case treated with @entity2903 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'removal of the recurrent tumor', 'oligodendroglial tumor']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord oligodendroglioma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity3271 :: ('MESH:D009837', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']

answer: @entity3271 :: (MESH:D009837,Disease) :: ['anaplastic oligodendroglioma']


abstract: The relationship between @entity28 and @entity101 is complex and poorly understood. A developing body of information suggests that metabolic factors related to the @entity28 state are importantly involved. The pertinent observations include: (1) Diet influences sympathetic nervous system activity. Fasting suppresses, while @entity1735 and fat feeding stimulate, sympathetic activity. (2) Dietary-induced changes in sympathetic activity contribute to the changes in metabolic rate that accompany changes in dietary intake. (3) @entity2690 -mediated @entity413 metabolism in the hypothalamus provides a link between dietary intake and sympathetic nervous system activity. And (4) @entity3190 , a consequence of @entity2690 resistance in the @entity28 , is associated with @entity101 . These observations have suggested the following hypothesis. @entity3190 results in sympathetic stimulation which drives thermogenic mechanisms, thereby increasing metabolic rate. The net result is a restoration of energy balance at the expense of @entity3190 and increased sympathetic activity. @entity101 is thus the unfortunate consequence of @entity3190 , which increases renal @entity1372 reabsorption, and sympathetic stimulation of the heart, kidney, and vasculature. The data on which this hypothesis is constructed are reviewed and the implications discussed.

title: XXXX , metabolism, and @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity3190 :: ('MESH:D006946', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperinsulinemia', 'hyperinsulinemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In contrast with normal cells, most of the @entity5 cells depend on aerobic glycolysis for energy production in the form of @entity855 ( @entity855 ) bypassing mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, compared to normal cells, @entity5 cells exhibit higher consumption of @entity413 with higher production of @entity880 . Again, higher rate of glycolysis provides the necessary glycolytic intermediary precursors for DNA, protein and lipid synthesis to maintain high active proliferation of the @entity5 cells. In this scenario, classical control theory based approach may be useful to explore the altered dynamics of the @entity5 cells. Since the dynamics of the @entity5 cells is different from that of the normal cells, understanding their dynamics may lead to development of novel therapeutic strategies. METHOD: We have developed a model based on the state space equations of classical control theory along with an order reduction technique to mimic the actual dynamic behavior of @entity1 central @entity505 metabolic (CCM) pathway in normal cells. Here, we have modified Michaelis Menten kinetic equation to incorporate feedback mechanism along with perturbations and cross talks associated with a metabolic pathway. Furthermore, we have perturbed the proposed model to reduce the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Thereafter, we have connected proportional-integral (PI) controller(s) with the model for tuning it to behave like the CCM pathway of a @entity5 cell. This methodology allows one to track the altered dynamics mediated by different enzymes. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: The proposed model successfully mimics all the probable dynamics of the CCM pathway in normal cells. Moreover, experimental results demonstrate that in @entity5 cells, a coordination among enzymes catalyzing @entity36435 pathway and intermediate glycolytic enzymes along with switching of @entity2388 kinase (M2 isoform) plays an important role to maintain their altered dynamics.

title: Exploring the Altered Dynamics of @entity1 Central XXXX Metabolic Pathway in Cancer Cells: A Classical Control Theoretic Approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity36435 :: ('D010428', 'Chemical') :: ['pentose phosphate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['Carbon']


abstract: Posttraumatic soft tissue and bone defects can pose problems for the surgeon. Autogenous bone from the iliac crest may be used to fill bone defects. To achieve @entity79 , a well vascularized recipient site for the graft is important. Local muscle flaps or distant microvascular flaps improve vascularity by introducing a fresh blood supply. Cellular and humoral antibodies are more effective and allow quicker revascularisation of the transplanted graft. 49 soft tissue defects were treated by local muscle flaps. In 14 cases the soleus, in 28 the gastrocnemius, in three the tibialis anterior, in two the abductor hallucis, and in two the gracilis muscle was transposed. 38 cases had @entity4421 , in eight the defect was merely a soft tissue defect and in three due to @entity5 excision. In 24 @entity1 a combination of soft tissue repair and cancellous bone grafting was performed. Four flaps failed because of total or partial @entity39 . In all cases full weight bearing on the leg with good soft tissue cover was achieved.

title: [Stable soft tissue reconstruction using an autochthonous muscle flap transposition and simultaneous bone reconstruction in post-traumatic and XXXX of the lower extremity].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone healing']

entities_list: @entity4421 :: ('MESH:D010000', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic osteitis']

answer: @entity4421 :: (MESH:D010000,Disease) :: ['osteitis defects']


abstract: @entity7980 were subjected to 12-15 min swimming exercise at 2/3 body lengths s-1 in a Blazka-type swim tunnel. @entity551 , cardiac output (ventral aortic blood flow) and heart rate were continuously recorded, and blood samples for measurement of arterial and mixed venous @entity26 tension were taken before and at the end of the exercise period. In a second group of fish, subjected to similar exercise regimes, blood samples were taken for analysis of the plasma concentrations of @entity2661 . @entity551 and cardiac output increase during exercise, while the mixed venous @entity26 tension decreases. The effect on cardiac output is due to an increase of both heart rate and @entity64 volume. There are no significant changes in either @entity1317 , or in the plasma concentrations of @entity2661 . Injection of the adrenergic neurone-blocking drug @entity17268 produces a @entity551 in resting cod, due to a decrease in the systemic vascular resistance. Exercising cod treated with @entity17268 have a significantly lower pre- and postbranchial blood pressure than exercising control cod. This is due mainly to a dramatic reduction in the systemic vascular resistance. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist @entity5521 does not further affect the blood pressure in cod treated with @entity17268 . It is concluded that the exercise @entity101 observed in cod depends on the effect of adrenergic vasomotor fibres maintaining the systemic vascular resistance, and also on the increase in cardiac output. An adrenergic innervation of the heart may play some role in the control of cardiac performance both at rest and during exercise, but the main cardioregulatory mechanism is likely to be non-adrenergic, most probably including cardiac control via variation of the cholinergic vagal cardioinhibitory tonus.

title: Blood pressure control during exercise in the @entity7980 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity7980 :: ('8049', 'Species') :: ['Atlantic cod']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['systemic or branchial vascular resistances']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in postbranchial blood pressure', 'Pre- and postbranchial blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity17268 :: ('MESH:C045166', 'Chemical') :: ['bretylium']

answer: @entity7980 :: (8049,Species) :: ['Gadus morhua']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Low bioavailability of @entity25007 (LD), an @entity460 channel blocker pose many challenges in the treatment of @entity101 . The objective of this study was to formulate and characterize LD self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) to improve oral bioavailability of the drug. Formulations were evaluated for globule size, surface morphology, emulsification time, cloud point, drug content, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation, stability and oral bioavailability studies. Captex 810D, @entity15219 , @entity9266 , @entity35018 and @entity968 was selected based on the solubility study results. The optimized SNEDDS readily gets nanoemulsified at 37    C with droplet size of 41  nm when mixed with 200 times of its water. Transmission electron microscope photographs confirmed the spherical shape of the globules. In vitro dissolution of SNEDDS showed more than 80  % of drug release within 15  min. The ex vivo permeation of LD from SNEDDS is 4.8- and 9-fold higher compared to pure drug in the absence and presence of @entity1855 respectively. The stability study of the SNEDDS confirmed no environmental effect on the physical nature and drug content. Oral bioavailability of SNEDDS is 2.5 times higher than marketed tablet. The results suggest that, the SNEDDS formulation can be used as a possible alternative for the traditional oral formulations of LD to improve its oral bioavailability.

title: XXXX self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for the enhancement of oral bioavailability.

entities_list: @entity25007 :: ('MESH:C060285', 'Chemical') :: ['Lacidipine']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity35018 :: ('MESH:C010111', 'Chemical') :: ['Transcutol P']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity25007 :: (MESH:C060285,Chemical) :: ['Lacidipine']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of @entity419 positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in the staging of primary and recurrent @entity5 of the head and neck in comparison to routine clinical methods (physical examination, ultrasonography, computed tomography) and to investigate the effect of FDG-PET scanning on therapeutic strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of the results of FDG-PET and conventional diagnostic modalities were compared with biopsy results or @entity1 outcome or both. In a period of 6 years, 78 FDG-PET studies were performed on 56 @entity1 ; 24 of them before therapy and 54 on suspicion of residual or recurrent @entity5 . The evaluation of the diagnostic results was performed separately for the primary site and the nodal sites of the neck and for @entity5 occurrence in the trunk. RESULTS: In detecting the primary site, FDG-PET results reached a sensitivity of 93%, a specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 94%. In detecting the nodal sites, similar results of 94%, 97%, and 96% were seen, respectively. In detecting @entity5 occurrence in the trunk, results were 83%, 100%, and 98%, respectively. The McNemar test did not prove any statistically significant difference between FDG-PET and the evaluated conventional methods. When used in conjunction with conventional diagnostic tests, 22% of the PET scans gave important additional information. Finally, 11% of the performed PET scans led to a change in therapeutic planning. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that FDG-PET is a reliable method to detect @entity5 in all @entity5 sites. Therefore, we recommend that FDG-PET scanning be performed routinely as a first diagnostic step in pretherapeutic staging of @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity135 .

title: Staging of XXXX : @entity419 positron emission tomography compared with physical examination and conventional imaging modalities.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity419 :: ('MESH:D019788', 'Chemical') :: ['[(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity385 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity75 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity385 . Recently, the @entity23354 polymorphism in @entity23353 ( @entity23353 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity385 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity23353 gene polymorphism @entity23354 and the susceptibility to @entity385 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity1 with classified @entity385 were performed to detect the @entity23354 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity385 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity23353 @entity23354 genotype among @entity64 @entity1 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity64 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity23354 was an independent risk factor for all @entity64 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity23353 gene @entity23354 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity385 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity385 .

title: Association of @entity23353 gene promoter region XXXX with risk of @entity64 in Han Chinese.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['damage of the brain']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity23354 :: (c|SUB|T|-1131|C,DNAMutation) :: ['-1131T>C']


abstract: The treatment of partial @entity410 in @entity1 is based on the use of first generation and recently introduced antiepileptic drugs as well as nonpharmacological treatments such as the ketogenic diet, vagus nerve stimulation and surgical therapy. The present review discusses the efficacy and tolerability of different treatment options for partial @entity410 in childhood. Few adjunctive or monotherapy, placebo-controlled or comparative trials of the first-generation antiepileptic drugs and some of the more recently introduced antiepileptic drugs have been performed in @entity1 . This can be explained by the fact that it is only relatively recently (1989) that the International League against @entity302 proposed that randomised, controlled trials be included among the required criteria for assessing the efficacy and tolerability of an antiepileptic agent. This led to controlled, comparative trials among older antiepileptic drugs ( @entity109 , @entity3174 , @entity2049 and @entity1092 ), both in adults and in paediatric @entity1 , being performed relatively 'late', based on when these drugs were first introduced. @entity2049 and @entity1092 may still be considered as first-line antiepileptic therapies for @entity1 with partial @entity410 . @entity109 and @entity3174 are mostly considered as last choice drugs because of their adverse event profiles. The new generation of antiepileptic agents has added to the first- and second-line treatment options for paediatric partial @entity410 . To date, there are sufficient data to support the clinical use of some of the recently introduced antiepileptic drugs (e.g. @entity2051 , @entity1771 , @entity2682 and @entity2812 ) as adjunctive or first-line monotherapy. Because of the risk of @entity227 with @entity5305 , the use of this drug is currently limited to @entity1 refractory to other medications. @entity2810 , @entity2807 , @entity4677 and @entity10315 have been shown to be effective in adults with partial @entity410 ; however, at present there are not yet enough data on the efficacy of these drugs in @entity1 to support consideration of their use as either first-line or add-on therapy in this @entity1 population, although controlled studies are expected shortly. Furthermore, the use of @entity2807 is considerably limited by rare, but severe, hepatic and haematological @entity137 . Controlled trials for paediatric partial @entity410 are still lacking for the ketogenic diet and vagus nerve stimulation, though they may represent, in given @entity1 , useful adjunctive alternative treatments for refractory partial @entity410 . In conclusion, further trials are needed to determine an optimal sequence of first- and second-line therapies and to establish whether other newer antiepileptic drugs merit consideration as initial therapy in @entity1 with partial @entity410 .

title: Treatment of partial XXXX in childhood : an overview.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field constriction']

entities_list: @entity4677 :: ('MESH:C026098', 'Chemical') :: ['levetiracetam']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity2051 :: ('MESH:C036006', 'Chemical') :: ['oxcarbazepine']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity10315 :: ('MESH:C022189', 'Chemical') :: ['zonisamide']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbital', 'Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity2807 :: ('MESH:C047360', 'Chemical') :: ['felbamate']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine', 'Carbamazepine']

entities_list: @entity2810 :: ('MESH:C059205', 'Chemical') :: ['Tiagabine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Computed tomographic (CT) scanning can reveal the pattern and severity of structural @entity75 after @entity542 . With the proliferation of CT scanners in general hospitals, and with improvements in @entity1 transport, the interval from injury to the first CT scan is decreasing. The potential result is an "admission" scan missing an evolving and potentially operable lesion. Furthermore, the literature is confusing regarding the timing and coding of CT findings. We sought to establish the frequency of deterioration in CT appearance from an admission scan to subsequent scans and the prognostic significance of such deterioration. METHODS: In a survey organized by the European @entity1545 Consortium, data on initial severity, management, and subsequent outcome were gathered prospectively for 1005 @entity1 with moderate or severe @entity542 admitted to one of 67 European neurosurgical units during a 3-month period in 1995. The findings of the @entity1613 scan were classified according to the @entity772 Data Bank system and were related to outcome as assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale 6 months after injury. RESULTS: Data on an initial and a final CT scan were available for 897 @entity1 ; of these, 724 @entity1 were assessed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale at 6 months. The initial CT findings were classified as a @entity131 for 53% of the cohort, with 16% of these @entity131 demonstrating deterioration on a subsequent scan. In 56 (74%) of 76 deteriorations, the change was from a @entity131 to a @entity66 . When the initial CT scan demonstrated a @entity131 without swelling or shift, evolution to a @entity66 was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of an unfavorable outcome (62% versus 38%). When the initial scan demonstrated evidence of swelling or shift, there was a nonsignificant trend in the opposite direction, although the numbers were limited. CONCLUSION: When an admission CT scan demonstrates evidence of a @entity131 , follow-up scans should be performed, because approximately one in six such @entity1 will demonstrate significant CT evolution. In studies comparing series of head-injured @entity1 , correspondence of timing of CT scans is necessary for valid comparison.

title: The value of the "worst" computed tomographic scan in clinical studies of moderate and severe @entity542 . European XXXX Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse injuries', 'diffuse injury']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic Coma']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['initial and the final ("worst") CT']

answer: @entity1545 :: (MESH:D020214,Disease) :: ['Brain Injury']


abstract: There is a strong demand to identify new strategies for disinfection and treatment of @entity1 , animal, and plant pathogens. The presented work shows the potential of clay minerals to contribute to the development of novel disinfection materials. Enhanced antimicrobial effect of a photoactive organic dye, @entity6693 (MB), in the colloids of clay mineral was observed. Singlet @entity26 (1O2) formed upon visible light irradiation was detected directly using luminescence measurements atthe near-infrared region and by spin-trapping method. While MB adsorbed on clay colloid particles lost the ability to produce 1O2 due to @entity74 , surprisingly, the antimicrobial activity was significantly enhanced. Under visible light irradiation, MB/clay minerals dispersions prevented the sporulation of A. @entity3456 and Penicillium sp. and inhibited the growth of @entity5132 by an additional 6-15% when compared with MB solution. In the experiments with @entity526 , the efficiency of MB was increased by the reduction of surviving cells by 27 and 33%. @entity794 proved to be the most susceptible to MB/clay dispersions. Only less than 20% cells survived with respect to the control experiment at the low MB concentration (1.1 x 10(-6) mol dm(-3)). The contradiction between the significant antimicrobial properties of MB in clay colloidal systems and low 1O2 formation can be explained in terms of the photosensitization mechanism. The role of clay particles is most likely to promote the contact between microorganism cells and photoactive MB. Although the dye directly bound to the clay surface exhibits significantly reduced photoactivity, the presence of clay mediates the delivery of dye molecules on the surface or inside cells. The results indicate new perspectives of potential implementations of clay minerals as parts of complex disinfection materials for industrial applications or in understanding similar processes in nature.

title: Clay mineral particles as effficient carriers of XXXX used for antimicrobial treatment.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['molecular aggregation']

answer: @entity6693 :: (MESH:D008751,Chemical) :: ['methylene blue']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Self-rated health (SRH) is an important predictor of objective health-related outcomes that, according to the Cognitive Process Model of SRH, is influenced by contextual factors (symptoms and @entity1314 ). Although research indicates that @entity1314 contours SRH, less attention has been given to understanding the contributions of @entity1314 to future self-rated health (FSRH) or the contextual factors that play a role in shaping these effects. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to extend the theory and research on FSRH by exploring the contributions of @entity1314 , current SRH, and @entity1295 to FSRH in the context of @entity102 , and to test the potential mediating role of optimism for explaining these effects. METHOD: Two @entity102 samples ( @entity625 , N   =   365, and @entity29 , @entity8787 ; N   =   290) completed identical surveys. A hierarchical regression model with age, education, and current health, and @entity1295 entered in the first two steps and traits entered in the last step, tested the effects of @entity1314 on FSRH. Mediation analyses controlling for contextual variables tested the explanatory role of optimism. RESULTS: Fatigue was a significant contributor to FSRH accounting for 11  % of the variance in the @entity625 sample and 17  % in the @entity8787 sample over the demographic variables. Both Agreeableness and @entity663 accounted for additional significant but modest variance in FSRH (4  %); Agreeableness was associated with higher FSRH, whereas @entity663 was associated with lower FSRH. For both traits, optimism fully explained the associations with FSRH. CONCLUSION: After accounting for the influence of @entity1295 and other variables, the contributions of high Agreeableness and low @entity663 to FSRH are modest in the context of @entity102 , and these associations may be explained by optimism.

title: Who Looks Forward to Better Health? Personality Factors and Future Self-Rated Health in the Context of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

entities_list: @entity663 :: ('MESH:C564323', 'Disease') :: ['Neuroticism']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['personality']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['Chronic Illness']


abstract: @entity1502 ( @entity4045 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity32 and anti- @entity82 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity4045 on @entity7008 ( @entity2796 )-induced @entity99 in @entity35 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were divided into four groups: control, @entity4045 , @entity2796 and @entity4045 + @entity2796 treated groups. @entity35 were administrated @entity2796 together with or without @entity4045 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity4045 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ), @entity224 dismutase (SOD), and @entity2041 ( @entity6172 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity4026 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity4045 significantly attenuated @entity2796 -induced @entity99 . The serum transaminase and @entity1865 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity6172 were increased, as compared with the @entity2796 -treated group. @entity4045 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity4026 ( @entity4026 ) activation induced by @entity2796 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity4045 treated group. @entity1502 could ameliorate the effects of @entity7008 -induced @entity99 in @entity35 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity4026 activation.

title: Protective effects of XXXX on @entity99 induced by @entity7008 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity7008 :: ('MESH:D013853', 'Chemical') :: ['thioacetamide']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity1502 :: ('MESH:D010431', 'Chemical') :: ['Pentoxifylline']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury', 'acute liver injury']

answer: @entity1502 :: (MESH:D010431,Chemical) :: ['pentoxifylline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the Netherlands, prenatal screening follows an opting in system and comprises two non-invasive tests: the combined test to screen for trisomy 21 at 12 weeks of gestation and the @entity2241 scan to detect structural anomalies at 20 weeks. Midwives counsel about prenatal screening tests for @entity154 and they are increasingly having to counsel @entity1 from religious backgrounds beyond their experience. This study assessed midwives' perceptions and practices regarding taking client's religious backgrounds into account during counseling. As Islam is the commonest non-western religion, we were particularly interested in midwives' knowledge of whether pregnancy termination is allowed in Islam. METHODS: This exploratory study is part of the DELIVER study, which evaluated primary care midwifery in The Netherlands between September 2009 and January 2011. A questionnaire was sent to all 108 midwives of the twenty practices participating in the study. RESULTS: Of 98 respondents (response rate 92%), 68 (69%) said they took account of the client's religion. The two main reasons for not doing so were that religion was considered irrelevant in the decision-making process and that it should be up to clients to initiate such discussions. Midwives' own religious backgrounds were independent of whether they paid attention to the clients' religious backgrounds. Eighty midwives (82%) said they did not counsel Muslim @entity1 differently from other @entity1 . Although midwives with relatively many Muslim clients had more knowledge of Islamic attitudes to terminating pregnancy in general than midwives with relatively fewer Muslim clients, the specific knowledge of termination regarding trisomy 21 and other @entity154 was limited in both groups. CONCLUSION: While many midwives took client's religion into account, few knew much about Islamic beliefs on prenatal screening for @entity154 . Midwives identified a need for additional education. To meet the needs of the changing client population, counselors need more knowledge of religious opinions about the termination of pregnancy and the skills to approach religious issues with clients.

title: Prenatal screening for XXXX : exploring midwives' perceptions of counseling clients with religious backgrounds.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['fetal anomaly']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a major public health problem in India. A key factor that has led to lack of improvement in prognosis of @entity5 over the years, is delay in diagnosis and treatment. In many instances, a significant proportion of oral @entity957 develop from @entity75 and conditions. Identification of such lesions and conditions is very important in order to prevent @entity5 . The role of @entity364 has been studied and holds promise as an indicator to predict @entity5 . So we designed a study to analyze the prevalence of fungal hyphae in biopsies of @entity1 with clinically diagnosed cases of @entity75 and conditions. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine and compare the prevalence of fungal hyphae in biopsies of @entity1 with clinically diagnosed cases of potentially malignant lesions and conditions and to assess the possible association between the degree of @entity5115 and presence or absence of fungal hyphae. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinically suspected and histopathologically diagnosed 70 cases of potentially malignant lesions and conditions (29 @entity12120 , 16 @entity82 and 25 lichen planus) made up the study group. Three tissue sections (5 m) of each were stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H and E), periodic acid- @entity9376 (PAS) and Grocott's @entity1332 silver (GMS) and evaluated for fungal hyphae. The data collected was statistically analyzed by using Chi-square test and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of fungal hyphae in cases with or without @entity1141 in @entity12120 was 41.4%, lichen planus 36% and @entity82 25%. There was a significant association between degree of @entity5115 with presence or absence of fungal hyphae in all the study groups. CONCLUSION: Presence of fungal hyphae in potentially malignant lesions and conditions may prove to be a useful indicator in predicting @entity5 .

title: Prevalence of fungal hyphae in potentially malignant lesions and conditions-does its occurrence play a role in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9376 :: ('MESH:C476677', 'Chemical') :: ["Schiff's reagent"]

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['submucous fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Oral cancer', 'oral cancer', 'malignant transformation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity12120 :: ('MESH:D007971', 'Disease') :: ['leukoplakia']

entities_list: @entity1332 :: ('MESH:D008709', 'Chemical') :: ['methenamine']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity5115 :: (MESH:C567703,Disease) :: ['epithelial dysplasia']


abstract: Hospital acquired @entity281 caused by enterococci are increasing in incidence. This increase has been attributed, in part, to widespread use of @entity5898 antibiotics which lack activity against enterococci. To test this hypothesis, we compared @entity1 having @entity580 with those @entity1 having nosocomial @entity1793 for antecedant @entity5898 use. In a six month period, we found 14 instances of nosocomial enterococcal wound and @entity1729 ; 13 were superinfections (occurring during or up to one week after administration of antimicrobials). Seven had coexisting pathogens noted. In the same six month period, 30 instances of @entity794 nosocomial respiratory tract and wound @entity281 were found and only 13 were superinfections (p less than 0.002 compared with enterococcal superinfections). Nine had coexisting pathogens noted. The mean age, gender distribution and underlying illnesses in the @entity794 and enterococcal superinfection groups were comparable. Of the 14 instances of @entity580 , 11 were associated with administration of a @entity5898 compared with seven of 30 for @entity1793 (p less than 0.002). @entity580 are commonly associated with antimicrobial therapy and the use of @entity2886 may selectively predispose @entity1 to increased risk of enterococcal superinfections.

title: @entity580 due to XXXX and enterococci in a general hospital.

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infections']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial enterococcal pulmonary and wound infections', 'Nosocomial enterococcal infections', 'enterococcal nosocomial infections']

entities_list: @entity1793 :: ('MESH:D013203', 'Disease') :: ['staphylococcal infections']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship between objective measures of cognition and subjective perception of cognitive functioning reported by @entity1 with @entity302 and their caregivers. METHODS: One hundred @entity1 with @entity302 attending hospital neurology outpatient clinics and their caregivers were enrolled in this study. The EpiTrack   (version 1) brief cognitive screening tool was used to measure objective impairment, the ABNAS questionnaire (A-B Neuropsychological Assessment Schedule) to assess subjective cognitive performance, and a version of the ABNAS designed to be completed by caregivers (C-ABNAS) to document caregivers' views. @entity1 @entity148 and @entity308 were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and considered as covariates. @entity1 with an uncertain diagnosis of @entity302 or likely severe comorbid mood or @entity148 were excluded. RESULTS: Data from 82 @entity1 were analyzed after exclusion of @entity1 with uncertain diagnoses or likely severe comorbid mood or @entity148 . Fifty-nine (72%) had a degree of objective @entity73 . Fifty (84.7%) of these 59 @entity1 had 'high' ABNAS scores concordant with the objective assessment, and 43 (72.9%) had high C-ABNAS scores matching the abnormalities detected by objective screening. Of the 23 (28%) @entity1 without objective @entity73 , seven (30.4%) had concordantly low ABNAS scores, and 10 (43.4%) had concordantly low C-ABNAS scores. @entity1 @entity2414 was more often reported by @entity1 themselves than by caregivers (p=0.011). Carers were significantly more likely to rate @entity1 as having impaired motor coordination than @entity1 themselves. A small part of the variance of the EpiTrack score was predicted by the C-ABNAS. Objective cognitive performance did not predict ABNAS or C-ABNAS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Self-report or caregiver report questionnaires identify @entity1 with @entity302 and objective @entity73 more accurately than @entity1 with intact cognition. Those without objective evidence of @entity73 may, nevertheless, perceive themselves as having @entity2414 ; it is these @entity1 , therefore, who most require both subjective and objective assessments of cognition, including carers' assessments, in order to establish the nature of their symptoms. None of these assessment measures can be used as a reliable proxy for another, each contributes individually to a comprehensive assessment of cognition, and all must be used in conjunction with measures of mood and @entity148 .

title: @entity73 in adults with XXXX : The relationship between subjective and objective assessments of cognition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety disorders']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory dysfunction', 'memory impairment']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: 1. We studied isometric twitch peak force (TPF) and twitch contraction time (TCT) of 249 motor units of the masseter muscle in 41 @entity95 after extracellular electrical stimulation of single trigeminal motoneurons in the brain stem. In 41 of these units we determined the amount of @entity2701 decrease during a partially fused @entity116 (sag) and the ratio between peak tetanic force after 2 min of intermittent tetanic stimulation and initial @entity2701 (fatigue index). Muscle fibers of 24 motor units were identified by the glycogen depletion method and characterized in serial sections with monoclonal antibodies against @entity71855 , IIA, "cardiac" alpha, and I isoforms of @entity16477 (MHC). 2. The motor units had TCTs ranging from 13 to 32 ms. The majority of the units showed forces < 35 mN. The TPFs were larger and varied more for motor units with short and intermediate TCTs than for units with long TCTs. There is a small but statistically significant negative correlation between the motor unit TPF and the TCT. 3. All units exhibited "sag" and, with the exeption of one, had fatigue indexes > 0.75. The studied @entity95 masseter motor units can therefore be classified as fast, fatigue-resistant, except for one that belonged to the FF (fast, fatigable) category. No slow units were represented in the sample pool. Significant correlations were not found either between TCT and the amount of sag or between TCT and the fatigue index. 4. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the FF unit had fibers containing only IID-MHC. Five other units were found with a single MHC--three with IIA-MHC and two with alpha-MHC. In three other units all fibers showed one combination of two MHCs (1 IIA/IID, 1 IIA/alpha, and 1 alpha/I). The remaining 15 units contained two MHCs spread unevenly over the constituting fibers. Large variations in myosin composition of fibers within one motor unit cast doubts on the presumed dominant neuronal influence on myosin expression in the adult animal. 5. We found a close, statistically significant correlation between the TCT and the estimated MHC content of the units: the TCT was 13 ms for the IID unit, 18 ms for the pure IIA units, and 28 ms for the pure alpha units. Units with two MHCs had intermediate TCTs; units with alpha/I-MHC mixtures had TCTs of 29-30 ms. No pure MHC-I units were identified.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Contraction characteristics and @entity16477 composition of XXXX masseter motor units.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity102 ( @entity102 ) is a common heterogenous @entity74 affecting @entity1 and adults. The exact mechanism is not completely understood. In this review, we aim to summarize our recent findings regarding etiologies and pathogenesis of @entity102 in @entity1 and review recent studies investigating inflammatory patterns in the upper airways in @entity1 and adults with @entity102 . RECENT FINDINGS: There are only a few small studies measuring upper airway @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity102 . These studies demonstrated more toward eosinophilic and T-cell driven inflammatory pattern. Cytokine patterns in upper airways seem to correlate with @entity565 symptoms in @entity1 with @entity102 . Adult studies demonstrate eosinophilic and Th-2 (T helper-1) driven @entity32 in @entity102 with @entity480 and @entity1198 (T helper-2) driven @entity32 in @entity102 without @entity480 . SUMMARY: Current knowledge about the characteristics of tissue @entity32 in upper airways in @entity1 with @entity102 is limited. More studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and better define the subgroups of @entity102 . The findings of such studies will lead to identifying the biological targets to treat this condition.

title: Direct measurement of upper airway @entity32 in @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['CRS', 'Chronic rhinosinusitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial disorder']

entities_list: @entity480 :: ('MESH:D009298', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyps']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: FSH, LH, @entity53 and @entity1420 were serially assayed during 8 cycles of six subjects using six subdermal implants releasing @entity2692 (NORPLANT) for a period of 2 to 6 years. All 8 cycles studied had a very low LH peak and a low or nonexistent FSH peak as compared to 8 control cycles. The mean LH peak for NORPLANT users was 33.9 mIU/ml as compared to 142 mIU/ml in the control group; and FSH was 13.0 mIU/ml as compared to 31.3 mIU/ml in controls. A subsequent rise in @entity1420 was observed in the 8 cycles studied, but the mean mid-luteal levels were significantly lower than in controls (9.0 ng/ml vs. 15.6 ng/ml). No differences were observed in the @entity53 curve. Two of the subjects using NORPLANT had a laparotomy performed on days 17 and 20 of the cycle, for surgical sterilization purposes. A distinctive corpus luteum with a stigma was observed. Our results indicate that @entity1 under prolonged use of @entity2692 do not have normal endocrine cycles, even though they may ovulate. It is doubtful however, that these ovulatory cycles can be fertile under the abnormal endocrine conditions found in our subjects. In addition to the possible effect of @entity1887 , the normal maturation of the oocyte may be impaired.

title: Abnormal endocrine profile among XXXX with confirmed or presumed ovulation during long-term Norplant use.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['luteal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2692 :: ('MESH:D016912', 'Chemical') :: ['levonorgestrel', 'NORPLANT']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins are shown effective by some studies in preventing @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We evaluated the effectiveness of @entity2993 in the prevention of @entity8 in computed tomography angiography (CTA) candidates. METHODS: This study was conducted on @entity1 referring for elective CTA with normal renal function. @entity1 received @entity2993 (80 mg/day) or placebo from 24 h before to 48 h after administration of the contrast material. Serum @entity1011 was measured before and 48 h after contrast material injection. @entity8 was defined as an increase in serum @entity1011 level of >=  0.5 mg/dl or >=  25% of the baseline @entity1011 . RESULTS: A total of 236 @entity1 completed the study; 115 @entity2993 , 121 placebo, mean age = 58.40    9.80 year, 68.6% male. Serum @entity1011 increased after contrast material injection in both the @entity2993 (1.00    0.16-1.02    0.15 mg/dl, P = 0.017) and placebo groups (1.03    0.17-1.08    0.18 mg/dl, P < 0.001). Controlling for age, gender, comorbidities, drug history, and baseline serum @entity1011 level, @entity1 who received @entity2993 experienced less increase in serum @entity1011 after contrast material injection (beta = 0.127, P = 0.034). However, there was no difference between the @entity2993 and placebo groups in the incidence of @entity8 (4.3 vs. 5.0%, P = 0.535). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 undergoing CTA, a short-term treatment with high dose @entity2993 is effective in preventing contrast-induced @entity8 , in terms of less increase in serum @entity1011 level after contrast material injection. Further trials including larger sample of @entity1 and longer follow-ups are warranted.

title: Short term high dose XXXX for the prevention of @entity8 in @entity1 undergoing computed tomography angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['contrast-induced nephropathy', 'renal dysfunction', 'CIN']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity2993 :: (MESH:C065179,Chemical) :: ['atorvastatin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic performance of the emotional domain of the VoiSS questionnaire compared with the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS). DESIGN: Cross sectional questionnaire study. SETTING: Tertiary referral centre voice clinic. @entity1 : 210 consecutive voice clinic @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening with VoiSS and HADS questionnaires. Paired comparison, correlation, multinomial logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: 177 returned complete datasets. 96 @entity1 (54.2%) had functional @entity7364 and 81(45.8%) had @entity347 . Mean total VoiSS score =39.7/120 (standard deviation (SD) 22.2). Mean emotional VoiSS subscale =7.6/22 (SD 7.5). Mean HAD @entity148 =6.5/21 (SD 5.2) and @entity308 mean =7.1/21 (SD 4.8). There were 35 (20%) borderline @entity308 scores and 30 (17%) scores considered positive for "caseness". There was strong correlation between emotional VoiSS and HADS @entity148 (Spearman's Rho= 0.68, p < .001) and @entity308 (Spearman's Rho= 0.62, p < .001). ROC curve analysis exhibited significant association between emotional VoiSS and HADS "caseness" (area under curve =0.88). In addition functional @entity7364 @entity1 had lower mean VoiSS and HADS scores than @entity1 with  identifiable @entity9257 . CONCLUSION: The VoiSS emotional subscale strongly correlates with HADS @entity148 and @entity308 scores and could be used as a measure of @entity458 . This could allow targeted psychological strategies, without additional psychometric questionnaires. @entity7364 has less association with @entity458 than certain organic laryngological disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pragmatic detection of XXXX and @entity308 in a prospective cohort of voice outpatient clinic attenders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['HADS depression', 'Depression', 'depression', 'anxiety and/or depression']

entities_list: @entity9257 :: ('MESH:D007818', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

entities_list: @entity7364 :: ('MESH:D055154', 'Disease') :: ['dysphonia', 'Functional dysphonia']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['organic laryngeal disorders']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The @entity1 brain can automatically detect auditory changes, as indexed by the mismatch negativity of event-related potentials. The mechanisms that underlie this response are poorly understood. We recorded primary auditory cortical and hippocampal (dentate gyrus, @entity1249 ) local-field potentials to serial tones in @entity4774 -anesthetized @entity35 . In an oddball condition, a rare (deviant) tone (p=0.11) randomly replaced a repeated (standard) tone. The deviant tone was either lower (2200, 2700, 3200, 3700Hz) or higher (4300, 4800, 5300, 5800Hz) in frequency than the standard tone (4000Hz). In an equiprobability control condition, all nine tones were presented at random (p=0.11). Differential responses to deviant tones relative to the standard tone were found in the auditory cortex and the dentate gyrus but not in @entity1249 . Only in the dentate gyrus, the responses were found to be standard- (i.e., oddball condition-) specific. In the auditory cortex, the sound frequencies themselves sufficed to explain their generation. These findings tentatively suggest dissociation among non-contextual afferent, contextual afferent and auditory change detection processes. Most importantly, they remind us about the importance of strict control of physical sound features in mismatch negativity studies in animals.

title: Auditory cortical and hippocampal local-field potentials to frequency deviant tones in @entity4774 -anesthetized XXXX : An unexpected role of the sound frequencies themselves.

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Variants in @entity15675 are associated with Lewy Body (LB) pathology. We investigated whether variants in other @entity2315 ( @entity2315 ) genes also contribute to disease pathogenesis. METHODS: We performed a genetic analysis of four @entity2315 genes including @entity15675 , @entity12744 , @entity54356 , and @entity49630 in 231 brain autopsies. Brain autopsies included neuropathologically defined @entity21244 without @entity195 ( @entity195 ) changes (n = 59), @entity195 without significant LB pathology (n = 71), @entity195 and lewy body variant (ADLBV) (n = 68), and control brains without LB or @entity195 neuropathology (n = 33). Sequencing of @entity12744 , @entity54356 , @entity49630 and @entity15675 followed by 'gene wise' genetic association analysis was performed. To determine the functional effect, a biochemical analysis of @entity15675 in a subset of brains was also performed. GCase activity was measured in a subset of brain samples (n = 64) that included @entity21244 brains, with or without @entity15675 mutations, and control brains. A lipidomic analysis was also performed in brain autopsies (n = 67) which included @entity21244 (n = 34), ADLBV (n = 3), @entity195 (n = 4), @entity1726 (n = 9) and control brains (n = 17), comparing @entity15675 mutation carriers to non-carriers. RESULTS: In a 'gene-wise' analysis, variants in @entity15675 , @entity54356 and @entity49630 were significantly associated with LB pathology (p range: 0.03-4.14 x10-5). Overall, the mean levels of GCase activity were significantly lower in @entity15675 mutation carriers compared to non-carriers (p<0.001). A significant increase and accumulation of several species for the lipid classes, @entity9932 and @entity13740 , was observed in @entity21244 brains carrying @entity15675 mutations compared to controls (p range: p<0.05-p<0.01). INTERPRETATION: Our study indicates that variants in @entity15675 , @entity54356 and @entity49630 are associated with LB pathology. Biochemical data comparing @entity15675 mutation carrier to non-carriers support these findings, which have important implications for biomarker development and therapeutic strategies.

title: Gene-wise association of variants in four XXXX genes in neuropathologically confirmed lewy body disease.

entities_list: @entity2315 :: ('MESH:D016464', 'Disease') :: ['lysosomal storage disorder', 'LSD']

entities_list: @entity13740 :: ('MESH:D013107', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingolipids']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['Alzheimer Disease', 'AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

entities_list: @entity9932 :: ('MESH:D002518', 'Chemical') :: ['ceramides']

answer: @entity2315 :: (MESH:D016464,Disease) :: ['lysosomal storage disorder']


abstract: AIMS: We examined prescription patterns in maintenance treatment for recovered @entity162 @entity1 and compared these with acute treatments. METHODS: Using retrospective methods, the @entity162 @entity1 in clinical recovery (Clinical Global Impression Bipolar Version score    <=   2 for 6 months) after acute episode were selected. We reviewed differences between prescription patterns at remission and after a maintenance period of at least 6 months. RESULTS: A total of 340 @entity162 @entity1 were selected. During the maintenance period, more than half of the @entity1 (192, 56.5%) took a @entity1316 ( @entity1316 )   +   antipsychotic (AP) combination. Among the @entity1316 , @entity1092 (149, 43.8%) was most prescribed, and @entity1091 (98, 28.8%) was second, but as @entity1 moved into maintenance treatment, @entity1091 use decreased, and the use of @entity2812 (86, 25.3%) increased. Preferred AP were @entity1089 (125, 36.8%), @entity1770 (67, 19.7%), @entity1090 (48, 14.1%), and @entity1037 (39, 11.5%). The use of @entity1037 in maintenance was greatly decreased compared with that during acute treatment (67, 19.7%). Most @entity1 did not take an antidepressant (AD), but the proportion using one or more AD was increased during maintenance (17.9% to 30.3%), and @entity752 (28, 8.2%) was the preferred AD. Doses were decreased in all drugs, but @entity2812 was maintained at a dose of 133.2        68.5   mg/day. CONCLUSIONS: The most common prescription combination for @entity162 maintenance treatment was @entity1316   +   AP. The use of AP was decreased, whereas the use of AD in combination with @entity1316 and/or AP was increased. The doses of @entity1316 and AP were generally decreased during the maintenance periods, with the exception of @entity2812 .

title: Current prescription pattern of maintenance treatments for XXXX @entity1 in Korea: A focus on the transition from acute treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity1770 :: ('MESH:C094645', 'Chemical') :: ['aripiprazole']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'mood stabilizer']

entities_list: @entity752 :: ('MESH:D016642', 'Chemical') :: ['bupropion']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

entities_list: @entity1089 :: ('MESH:C069541', 'Chemical') :: ['quetiapine']

entities_list: @entity1090 :: ('MESH:D018967', 'Chemical') :: ['risperidone']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar']


abstract: 1. Certain muscles in the hind foot of @entity35 were partially paralysed by applying tetrodotoxin to part of their motor innervation. In these muscles motor nerve sprouting occurred from the terminals of the unblocked axons. The extent of sprouting was compared with that seen in totally paralysed and in partially denervated muscles. 2. Action potentials were blocked in the medial and lateral plantar nerves of adult @entity35 for 5-13 days by continuous superfusion with a solution containing @entity1022 . The drug was delivered through a tube and nerve cuff from an osmotic pump placed intraperitoneally. Control experiments showed that @entity616 was complete and that signs of @entity16 were absent in the animals included in the study. 3. Two muscles (the second lumbrical and flexor digitorum brevis), which received innervation only from the medial plantar nerve, were totally paralysed by the @entity616 . Two different muscles (the fourth lumbrical and flexor digitorum quinti brevis) were only partially paralysed, since they received their innervation from the @entity4957 and, in addition, from the sural nerve which was not blocked. One day before the final experiment, the @entity4957 was cut, and its terminals degenerated. Thus in the partially paralysed muscles only the unblocked terminals from the sural nerve remained. These terminals were observed after staining with @entity51154 and @entity3734 . Similarly, terminals from the medial plantar nerve were examined in the totally blocked muscles from the same animal. 4. In other experiments, muscles were partially denervated by cutting the @entity4957 in order to compare effects of @entity616 and nerve section. 5. Sprouting occurred under all three conditions. Active terminals in the muscles partially paralysed for 5-7 days sprouted to the same extent as terminals in muscles totally blocked during the same period: about 35% of the terminals had sprouts, and their average length was about 13 micron. Sprouting was more pronounced in partially denervated muscles: about 65% of the terminals had sprouts and they averaged 24 micron in length. Collateral (preterminal) sprouts were seen only after partial denervation. 6. Physiological and histological observations suggested that sprouts in paralysed muscles, unlike those in partially denervated muscles, seldom if ever made new synapses on neighbouring muscle fibres, even after 12-13 days of @entity616 . 7. The results show that inactive muscle fibres cause active nerve terminals on neighbouring fibres to sprout, perhaps by releasing a diffusible, sprout-promoting factor, which is part of the stimulus for motor nerve sprouting in partially denervated muscles.

title: Sprouting of active nerve terminals in partially inactive muscles of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3734 :: ('MESH:D009993', 'Chemical') :: ['osmium tetroxide']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['nerve damage']

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['lateral plantar nerve']

entities_list: @entity51154 :: ('MESH:C029770', 'Chemical') :: ['zinc iodide']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['nerve block']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination therapy has been used in @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 to enhance the antiviral effect and reduce the risk of development of resistance. Interferon-alpha ( @entity4020 ) can theoretically be added to the regimen to further improve the antiviral effect. Twenty @entity1 with @entity6194 were given @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination therapy for 24 weeks. After 12 weeks of treatment, @entity1 were randomized on a 1:1 basis to either the addition of @entity4020 b or no addition for the last 3 months of therapy. The decline in @entity97 DNA levels, the loss of HBeAg and the HBeAg seroconversion rate were assessed. @entity1 with loss of HBeAg and/or development of anti-HBe were followed up for at least 1 y after stopping treatment. Four of 19 @entity1 (21%) had lost HBeAg and/or developed anti-HBe 24 weeks after stopping treatment, 1 of whom had received additional @entity4020 . During long-term follow-up post-treatment, 2/19 @entity1 (10.5%) had a durable HBeAg seroconversion. The mean @entity97 DNA level declined by 5 logs during the first 12 weeks of treatment. Addition of @entity4020 during the last 3 months of treatment did not result in any further decline in @entity97 DNA levels compared with the non- @entity4020 -treated group, nor in any increase in the @entity13211 seroconversion rate. In conclusion, @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination treatment induced seroconversion from HBeAg to anti-HBe in 4/19 @entity1 , 2 of whom became long-term responders. Addition of @entity4020 did not improve the seroconversion rate.

title: @entity16332 and @entity28959 combination therapy with or without addition of XXXX for @entity6194 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine', 'Lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['HBeAg-positive hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity6194 :: ('MESH:D019694', 'Disease') :: ['HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity28959 :: ('MESH:C060590', 'Chemical') :: ['famciclovir']

answer: @entity4020 :: (3440,Gene) :: ['interferon-alpha-2b']