abstract: INTRODUCTION: The primary analysis of this open-label, randomized, multicenter phase 3 study revealed no significant difference in progression-free survival between pemetrexed plus @entity900 followed by maintenance @entity4562 (PC/G) and @entity4562 monotherapy (G) in @entity1 with advanced nonsquamous @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) and unknown @entity470 gene ( @entity470 ) mutation status; however, the hazard ratio favored PC/G. This report describes the final @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) results. METHODS: Chemonaive, East Asian light ex-smokers/never-smokers with advanced nonsquamous @entity1149 and unknown @entity470 mutation status were randomized (1:1) to PC/G (n  = 118) or G (n  = 118). @entity470 mutation status was retrospectively determined for 76 @entity1 , 52 (68.4%) of whom had @entity470 -mutated @entity5 (exon 19 deletions in 26 and @entity9512 point mutation in 24). @entity1349 was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01017874). RESULTS: Median @entity1349 was similar in the PC/G (26.9 months) and G (27.9 months) groups (hazard ratio  = 0.94, 95% confidence interval: 0.68-1.31, p  = 0.717). Median @entity1349 was longer with PC/G than with G in @entity1 with @entity470 wild-type @entity5 (28.4 versus 8.9 months) and longer with G than with PC/G in @entity1 with @entity470 -mutated @entity5 (45.7  versus 32.4 months), especially those with exon 19 deletions. Second-line postdiscontinuation therapy was common and included chemotherapy (PC/G, 41 of 118 [34.7%]; G, 73 of 118 [61.9%]) and rechallenge with an @entity470 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (PC/G, 27 of 118 [22.9%]; G, 9 of 118 [7.6%]). CONCLUSIONS: The progression-free survival and @entity1349 results from this study further demonstrate the importance of determining @entity470 mutation status to select the most appropriate first-line treatment for @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 .

title: First-Line Pemetrexed plus XXXX followed by @entity4562 Maintenance Therapy versus @entity4562 Monotherapy in East Asian Never-Smoker @entity1 with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Nonsquamous @entity1149 : Final Overall Survival Results from a Randomized Phase 3 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4562 :: ('MESH:C419708', 'Chemical') :: ['gefitinib']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['Cisplatin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hair follicle @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) are responsible for hair pigmentation and also function as a major melanocyte reservoir for @entity2118 . However, the molecular mechanism promoting @entity1358 for @entity2118 remains elusive. @entity864 ( @entity865 ) mimics key signaling involved in melanocyte growth, @entity4222 and differentiation. We therefore investigated the molecular basis for the contribution of hair follicle @entity1358 to @entity2118 using the @entity865 induction model. We found that repetitive @entity865 treatment of female C57BL/6 @entity19 dorsal skin induced @entity2118 by increasing the number of epidermal melanocytes. Particularly, @entity865 treatment induced @entity1358 to initiate proliferation, exit the stem cell niche and differentiate. We also demonstrated that @entity865 promotes melanoblast @entity4222 and differentiation in vitro. At the molecular level, @entity865 treatment induced robust expression of @entity10898 ( @entity10898 ) in keratinocytes and @entity17777 in melanoblasts and melanocytes. Administration of ACK2, a neutralizing antibody against the Kit receptor, suppressed @entity19 @entity2118 , decreased the number of epidermal melanocytes, and inhibited melanoblast @entity4222 . Taken together, our data demonstrate that @entity865 promotes the expansion, @entity4222 and differentiation of hair follicle @entity1358 for @entity19 @entity2118 . @entity10898 / @entity17777 signaling was required for @entity865 -induced @entity4222 and differentiation of hair follicle melanocytes. Our findings may provide an excellent model to investigate the signaling mechanisms regulating @entity2118 from @entity19 hair follicle @entity1358 , and a potential therapeutic option for @entity2118 .

title: @entity10898 / XXXX signaling is required in @entity864 -induced @entity4222 and differentiation of hair follicle melanocytes for @entity2118 .

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['McSCs', 'melanocyte stem cells']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['skin pigmentation disorders', 'epidermal pigmentation']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate']

answer: @entity17777 :: (16590(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['c-kit']


abstract: Prayer is one kind of worship that is composed of repetitive action during praying in Islam. The prayer is performed five times a day, every Friday, bairams and @entity204 ceremonies. The aim of this study is to search the role of this repetitive action on knee, @entity570 and @entity170 . Forty-six @entity1 who had been performing the prayer at least for 10 years, and 40 @entity1 who had not performed the prayer, were included in this prospective study. Each @entity1 was evaluated with standard questionnaire form, joint examination was done and various laboratory parameters were studied. Anterior-posterior radiography of the pelvis and weight-bearing knees of each @entity1 were examined. Each film was evaluated by two investigators separately and first scored by using Kellgren and Lawrence (K_L) scale, then the width of the joint space of hips and knees were measured directly using a steel ruler and recorded to the nearest half millimeter. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and femur was measured. @entity1 having Heberden's nodes, @entity22336 , and carpometacarpal disease were frequent in worshiper group. Joint space width measurements and assessment according to K_L scale did not differ between worshipers and non-worshipers. BMD of lumbar spine was decreased in worshipers and also decreased with @entity1 having Heberden's nodes, @entity22336 , female gender and age. Prayer has no effect on knee and @entity570 , and may be related with @entity571 . It seems to have negative effect on lumbar BMD, but further investigations are needed.

title: Effect of prayer on XXXX and @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['hand osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity22336 :: ('MESH:D011213', 'Disease') :: ["Bouchard's nodes"]

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1036 has emerged as a major ophthalmic problem and a leading cause of @entity1939 , since its recognition in 1879. Filamentous fungi are major causative of @entity1036 . In India, the main etiological organism responsible for @entity1036 is Aspergillus species followed by Fusarium species. In South India, Fusarium based keratitis scales up to 43%. Nearly one-third of @entity1036 treatment results in failure, as @entity364 are highly resistant to antibiotic therapies. Therefore, there is need to determine novel and specific targets to constrain @entity22214 in @entity1 eye. In this study, we implemented subtractive proteomics coupled with in silico functional annotation to prioritize potential and specific drug targets which can be used to modulate the virulence of @entity10437 .pisi ( @entity59009 MPVI). The results infer that @entity9138 thiazole synthase (Thi4), an intracellular membrane bound protein as the potential target, which is a core protein in biological and metabolic process of this pathogen. Moreover, this protein occurs in the @entity9138 thiazole biosynthesis pathway which is unique to @entity10437 and devoid in @entity1 . Hence, we predicted a plausible structure for this protein and also performed ligand-binding cavity analysis which can be for a strong base for drug designing studies. This study will pave way in better understanding of potential drug targets in @entity10437 and also leading to therapeutic interventions of @entity364 .

title: In silico analysis and prioritization of drug targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['Mycotic keratitis', 'mycotic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity10437 :: ('169388', 'Species') :: ['F.solani', 'Fusarium solani subsp']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiamine', 'thiamine']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['blindness']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infections', 'fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity59009 :: ('140110', 'Species') :: ['Nectria haematococca']

entities_list: @entity22214 :: ('MESH:D060585', 'Disease') :: ['Fusarium infections']

answer: @entity10437 :: (169388,Species) :: ['Fusarium solani']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Both adalimumab [ADA] and infliximab [IFX] seem to be effective in the prevention of early postoperative endoscopic recurrence [EPER] after ileocaecal resection in @entity30 [ @entity30 ] @entity1 . There is lack of data with direct comparison between the two agents in the postoperative scenario. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of EPER in @entity1 treated with ADA and IFX after ileocaecal resection for @entity30 . METHODS: This was a multicentre retrospective analysis of EPER rates in @entity30 @entity1 after ileocaecal resections, from seven referral centres in three countries. Endoscopic recurrence was defined as Rutgeerts' score >=  i2. The @entity1 were allocated according to treatment to two groups: ADA or IFX. The EPER rates were compared between the two treatment groups. RESULTS: Among the 168 @entity1 included in the database, 96 received anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor [TNF] agents after resection [37 in the ADA and 59 in the IFX groups] and were included in this comparative study. The groups were comparable in all baseline characteristics, mainly age, gender, previous resections, perianal @entity30 , and mono or combination therapy. EPER was identified in 9/37 [24.32%] in the ADA group vs 16/59 [27.12%] in the IFX group [p = 0.815]. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective direct comparison between ADA and IFX therapy after ileocaecal resection, there was no significant difference between the two anti-TNF agents in terms of EPER rates. However, prospective randomised studies are needed to confirm these data and better define the role of each agent in the prevention of EPER.

title: Direct retrospective comparison of adalimumab and infliximab in preventing early postoperative endoscopic recurrence after ileocaecal resection for XXXX : results from the MULTIPER database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['crohn's disease']


abstract: During the past 25 years, 24 randomized trials of intravenous (IV) fibrinolytic treatment have been reported, involving a total of some 6000 @entity1 in the acute phase of @entity583 . Most tested IV streptokinase (SK), but a few tested IV urokinase (UK). In the past 2 or 3 years numerous small randomized trials of intracoronary (IC) SK have been started, 9 of which, involving a total of about 1000 such @entity1 , have been reported. Because all of these IV and IC trials were small (the largest including only 747 @entity1 ), their separate results appear contradictory and unreliable. But, an overview of the data from these trials indicates that IV treatment produces a highly significant (22% +/- 5%, P less than 0.001) reduction in the odds of @entity204 , an even larger reduction in the odds of reinfarction, and an absolute frequency of serious adverse effects to set against this that is much smaller than the absolute mortality reduction. The apparent size of the mortality reduction in the IV trials was similar whether anticoagulants were compulsory or optional, whether treatment was in a coronary care unit or an ordinary ward and, surprisingly, whether treatment began early (less than 6 h from onset of symptoms) or late (generally 12-24 h). In addition, there was no evidence that UK was more effective than the less expensive SK, or that, despite their technical complexity, the new IC regimes were more effective than the old IV regimes. Even the IV schedules that have been studied in randomized trials were, however, quite complex, and the IC schedules were far more so. Perhaps partly because of this, none of them is widely used. If so, then some much simpler, and hence more widely practicable, IV SK regimes should be developed and tested. For example, a simple one hour high-dose IV SK infusion, without anticoagulation, will successfully convert virtually all of the available plasminogen into plasmin. But, it may be several years before the net effects on mortality of any more widely practicable IV SK regimes can be agreed unless many of the hospitals that do not wish routinely to use IC regimes or the complex previous IV regimes will collaborate in multicentre randomized trials that can, if necessary, continue rapid intake until some tens of thousands of @entity1 have been randomized, and some thousands of deaths have been observed among the control and treated @entity1 . The same, of course, may be true for any other fibrinolytic regimes (e.g. infusion of tissue plasminogen activator) if their net effects on mortality are comparable to those of IV SK.

title: Intravenous and intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute XXXX : overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side-effects from 33 randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: The study enrolled 53 @entity1 (29 males, 24 females) with @entity1576 aged 15-88 years. Most of them were 59 years of age and younger. In 1/3 of the @entity1 the diseases started with symptoms of @entity1729 , in 2/3 of them--with pulmonary affection. @entity55 was diagnosed in 50 @entity1 (94.3%), acute @entity3617 --in 3 @entity1 . ECG changes were registered in about half of the examinees who had no cardiac complaints. 25 of them had alterations in the end part of the ventricular ECG complex; rhythm and conduction disturbances occurred rarely. Mycoplasmosis @entity1 suffering from @entity741 ( @entity741 ) had stable ECG changes while in those free of @entity741 the changes were short. @entity296 foci were absent. @entity299 comparison in @entity1 with @entity1576 and in other @entity1729 has found that cardiovascular system suffers less in acute mycoplasmosis. These data are useful in differential diagnosis of @entity296 .

title: [Cardio-vascular system condition in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3617 :: ('MESH:D001991', 'Disease') :: ['bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial necrosis', 'myocardial infections']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['acute respiratory infections', 'acute respiratory viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory mycoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['IHD', 'ischemic heart disease']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory mycoplasmosis']


abstract: Class-II human leukocyte antigens (HLA) present @entity5 antigenic peptides on the cell surface in order to be recognized by T lymphocytes. Thereby, these molecules can play an important role in the immune response to @entity0 antigens. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between @entity0 and HLA class-II alleles in @entity233 . The study groups consisted of 69 @entity0 @entity1 and 45 healthy controls. Typing of @entity1533 and @entity3098 from DNA samples was performed by Sequence Specific Oligonucletide Hybridisation. Significant negative correlations were observed between @entity1533 03 and @entity3098 02 alleles and @entity0 (p1 = 0.019; p2 = 0.019) and also between @entity3098 02 allele and postmenopausal @entity0 (P = 0.022) and @entity1722 positivity (P = 0.038). Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between @entity1533 13 and @entity3098 06 alleles and progesteron receptor positivity (p1 = 0.012; p2 = 0.001); and a significant negative correlation between @entity3098 03 allele and progesteron receptor positivity (P = 0.009) in @entity0 . Additionally, another significant positive correlation was seen between @entity1533 04 allele and @entity1722 positivity (P = 0.036). As a result, while @entity1533 03, @entity3098 02, @entity1533 13, and @entity3098 06 alleles were found to be involved in protectiveness against @entity0 and good prognosis; @entity3098 03 and @entity1533 04 alleles were found to be involved in poor prognosis. In conclusion, by determining allele types showing predisposition to @entity0 , a systematical screening and follow up systems can be developed for @entity1 who are at high risk.

title: HLA class-II allele frequencies in Turkish XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast cancer tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is controversy surrounding the growth outcomes of treatment with @entity4396 agonist ( @entity4397 ) in central precocious puberty (CPP). We analyzed height preservation after treatment with @entity4397 with and without @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) in @entity1 with CPP. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 82 @entity1 with idiopathic CPP who had been treated with @entity4397 at Severance @entity1 's Hospital from 2004 to 2014. We assessed the changes in height standard deviation score ( @entity214 ) for bone age (BA), and compared @entity4479 ( @entity4479 ) with midparental height ( @entity7541 ) and predicted @entity4479 ( @entity2556 ) during treatment in groups received @entity4397 alone (n=59) or @entity4397 plus @entity2124 (n=23). RESULTS: In the @entity4397 alone group, the height SDS for BA was increased during treatment. @entity4479 (160.4  4.23 cm) was significantly higher than the initial @entity2556 (156.6  3.96 cm) (P<0.001), and it was similar to the @entity7541 (159.9  3.52 cm). In the @entity4397 plus @entity2124 group, the height SDS for BA was also increased during treatment. @entity4479 (159.3  5.33 cm) was also higher than the initial @entity2556 (154.6  2.55 cm) (P<0.001), which was similar to the @entity7541 (158.1  3.31 cm). Height gain was slightly higher than that in the @entity4397 alone group, however it statistically showed no significant correlation with @entity2124 treatment. CONCLUSION: In CPP @entity1 treated with @entity4397 , the height SDS for BA was increased, and the @entity4479 was higher than the initial @entity2556 . Combined @entity2124 treatment showed a limited increase in height gain.

title: Adult height in @entity1 with central precocious puberty treated with @entity4396 agonist with or without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity4396 :: ('2796', 'Gene') :: ['gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity4479 :: ('MESH:C538052', 'Disease') :: ['adult height', 'AH']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recruitment to trials evaluating the effectiveness of @entity28 management interventions is challenging. We report our experience of recruitment to the Families for Health study, a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a family-based community programme for @entity1 aged 6-11 years, versus usual care. We evaluated the effectiveness of active recruitment (contacting eligible families directly) versus passive recruitment (informing the community through flyers, public events, media). METHODS: Initial approaches included passive recruitment via the media (newspapers and radio) and two active recruitment methods: National @entity1 Measurement Programme (letters to families with overweight @entity1 ) and referrals from health-care professionals. With slow initial recruitment, further strategies were employed, including active (e.g. targeted letters from general practices) and passive (e.g. flyers, posters and public events) methods. At first enquiry from a potential @entity1 , families were asked where they heard about the study. Further quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative data (one-to-one interviews with parents/carers), were collected from recruited families at baseline and 3-month follow-up and included questions about recruitment. RESULTS: In total, 194 families enquired about Families for Health, and 115 (59.3  %) were recruited and randomised. Active recruitment yielded 85 enquiries, with 43 families recruited (50.6  %); passive recruitment yielded 99 enquiries with 72 families recruited (72.7  %). Information seen at schools or GP surgeries accounted for over a quarter of enquiries (28.4  %) and over a third (37.4  %) of final recruitment. Eight out of ten families who enquired this way were recruited. Media-led enquiries were low (5  %), but all were recruited. @entity1 of families recruited actively were more likely to be Asian or mixed race. Despite extensive recruitment methods, the trial did not recruit as planned, and was awarded a no-cost extension to complete the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The higher number of @entity1 recruited through passive methods may be due to the large number of potential @entity1 these methods reached and because @entity1 may see the information more than once. Recruiting to a @entity1 @entity28 treatment study is complex and it is advisable to use multiple recruitment strategies, some aiming at blanket coverage and some targeted at families with @entity1 who are overweight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45032201 (Date: 18 August 2011).

title: Evaluation of recruitment methods for a trial targeting XXXX : Families for Health randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'participant', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['childhood obesity', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['childhood obesity']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We compare laryngoscopy performance and overall intubation success in @entity130 airways when primary airway management alternated between emergency medicine and anesthesia residents on an every-other-day basis. METHODS: Data on all @entity130 intubations during approximately 3 years were prospectively collected. Primary airway management was assigned to @entity341 ( @entity341 ) residents on even days and anesthesia residents on odd days. Emergency medicine residents intubated @entity1 who arrived without notification or who needed immediate intubation before anesthesia arrived. The study was conducted in an inner-city, Level I @entity130 center with approximately 50,000 @entity341 @entity1 and 1,800 major @entity130 cases a year. Main outcomes were success or failure at laryngoscopy and the number of laryngoscopy attempts needed for intubation. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight @entity130 @entity1 were intubated during the study period. Laryngoscopy was successful in 654 of 656 cases. Two (0.3%) @entity1 underwent cricothyrotomy after failed laryngoscopy, and 2 (0.3%) @entity1 had awake nasal intubation without laryngoscopy. The specific number of laryngoscopy attempts was unknown in 6 cases (3 from each service), resulting in 650 cases for laryngoscopy performance analysis. Overall, 87% of @entity1 were intubated on first attempt, and 3 or more attempts occurred in 2.9% of @entity1 . Laryngoscopy performance by service (broken down by 1, 2, and >or=3 attempts) was as follows: emergency medicine 86.4%, 11%, and 2.6% versus anesthesia 89.7%, 6.7%, and 3.6%. Analysis by service was done by using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney testing (P=.225). CONCLUSION: There were no differences in laryngoscopy performance and intubation success in @entity130 airways managed on an every-other-day basis by emergency medicine versus anesthesia residents.

title: Alternating day emergency medicine and anesthesia resident responsibility for management of the XXXX airway: a study of laryngoscopy performance and intubation success.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Plasma consists of DNA released from multiple tissues within the body. Using genome-wide @entity9736 sequencing of plasma DNA and deconvolution of the sequencing data with reference to methylation profiles of different tissues, we developed a general approach for studying the major tissue contributors to the circulating DNA pool. We tested this method in pregnant @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity157 , and subjects following bone marrow and liver transplantation. In most subjects, white blood cells were the predominant contributors to the circulating DNA pool. The placental contributions in the plasma of pregnant @entity1 correlated with the proportional contributions as revealed by fetal-specific genetic markers. The graft-derived contributions to the plasma in the transplant recipients correlated with those determined using donor-specific genetic markers. @entity1 with @entity157 showed elevated plasma DNA contributions from the liver, which correlated with measurements made using @entity5 -associated copy number aberrations. In @entity157 @entity1 and in pregnant @entity1 exhibiting copy number aberrations in plasma, comparison of methylation deconvolution results using genomic regions with different copy number status pinpointed the tissue type responsible for the aberrations. In a pregnant @entity1 diagnosed as having @entity706 during pregnancy, methylation deconvolution indicated a grossly elevated contribution from B cells into the plasma DNA pool and localized B cells as the origin of the copy number aberrations observed in plasma. This method may serve as a powerful tool for assessing a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions based on the identification of perturbed proportional contributions of different tissues into plasma.

title: Plasma DNA tissue mapping by genome-wide methylation sequencing for noninvasive prenatal, XXXX , and transplantation assessments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['follicular lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity9736 :: ('MESH:C042345', 'Chemical') :: ['bisulfite']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: The 'epidemic' of @entity712 seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of @entity712 and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of @entity712 and @entity1002 are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of @entity1002 , and @entity712 with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community-dwelling @entity1 >= 60   years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and 'isolated' diastolic @entity1002 was 5.5% (range 3.3-9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8-52.8%), respectively. A peak in @entity299 prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. 'All type' @entity712 had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7-13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8-7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4-5.8%), respectively]. Both @entity1002 and @entity712 remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of @entity67 is on the rise and currently higher than that of @entity299 . The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX : the prevalence of @entity712 and @entity67 in older adults over time. A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Set-shifting inefficiencies have been consistently identified in adults with @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ). It is less clear to what degree similar inefficiencies are present in those with @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ). It is also unknown whether perfectionism is related to set-shifting performance. We employed a commonly used set-shifting measure, the @entity2205 Making Test (TMT), to compare the performance of inpatients with @entity1278 and @entity1279 with a healthy control sample. We also investigated whether perfectionism predicted TMT scores. Only the @entity1279 sample showed significantly suboptimal performance, while the @entity1278 sample was indistinguishable from controls on all measures. There were no differences between the @entity1278 subtypes (restrictive or binge/purge), but group sizes were small. Higher personal standards perfectionism was associated with better TMT scores across groups. Higher concern over mistakes perfectionism predicted better accuracy in the @entity1279 sample. Further research into the set-shifting profile of individuals with @entity1279 or binge/purge behaviours is needed. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

title: XXXX Making Task Performance in Inpatients with @entity1278 .

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

answer: @entity2205 :: (8743,Gene) :: ['Trail']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity281 and obstruction are major complications for @entity5033 in @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 . In an effort to (1) reduce the incidence of these complications, (2) reduce the rate of shunt failure and (3) shorten the duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation, we have implemented valveless @entity5033 at our department for adult @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 and @entity548 cerebrospinal fluid at the time of shunt insertion. METHODS: All adult @entity1 (>18  years old) treated for post- @entity548 @entity1276 with ventriculoperitoneal shunting at our institution from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2014 were included in this retrospective population-based consecutive cohort study. Data were collected by retrospectively reviewing medical records. We compared two different shunt modalities (valveless vs valve-regulated), analysing frequencies of complications, shunt survival and duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation. RESULTS: A total of 214 @entity1 aged 22-86 (mean age, 60.5        11.5  years) were included, comprising 137 valveless and 77 valve-regulated shunts. We found no difference in the rate of surgical shunt revision (p   =   0.65) or differences in time interval from insertion to first surgical revision (p   =   0.31) between the two shunt modalities. The duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation was shorter for @entity1 receiving a valveless shunt (p   =   0.004). @entity1 with valveless shunts had a lower rate of @entity281 (5.1  % vs 14.3  %, p   =   0.02), but a higher rate of overdrainage (10.3  % vs 2.6  %, p   =   0.04). CONCLUSION: The use of a valveless shunting for @entity1 with post- @entity548 @entity1276 results in shorter duration of neurosurgical hospitalisation and lower rate of @entity281 , although these advantages should be held up against the risk of overdrainage. We propose valveless shunting to be used as first-line shunting strategy in this @entity1 category, with careful follow-up ensuring that these are substituted by a valve-bearing system if necessary.

title: Valved or valveless ventriculoperitoneal shunting in the treatment of post- @entity548 XXXX : a population-based consecutive cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Implant infection', 'shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity5033 :: ('MESH:C562451', 'Disease') :: ['ventriculoperitoneal shunts']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: @entity7 promotes angiogenesis, an important mediator of growth and @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . Bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to @entity7 , is under investigation as an anti-angiogenic agent. This phase I/II trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab in @entity1 with previously treated metastatic @entity0 . Seventy-five @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of bevacizumab ranging from 3 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg administered intravenously every other week. @entity5 response was assessed before the sixth (70 days) and 12th (154 days) doses. Safety was evaluated during every cycle. Eighteen @entity1 were treated at 3 mg/kg, 41 at 10 mg/kg, and 16 at 20 mg/kg. Four @entity1 discontinued study treatment because of an adverse event. @entity101 was reported as an adverse event in 17 @entity1 (22%). The overall response rate was 9.3% (confirmed response rate, 6.7%). The median duration of confirmed response was 5.5 months (range, 2.3 to 13.7 months). At the final @entity5 assessment on day 154, 12 of 75 @entity1 (16%) had stable disease or an ongoing response. The optimal dose of bevacizumab in this trial was 10 mg/kg every other week and @entity137 was acceptable. These data support the initiation of trials in metastatic @entity0 combining bevacizumab with chemotherapy.

title: A phase I/II dose-escalation trial of bevacizumab in previously treated metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'Vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity37796 ( @entity37796 ) is a condition characterized by @entity37796 resulting from the loss or @entity194 of musculoelastic fibers within the airway wall. Concomitant @entity10485 is seen in most @entity1 with @entity37796 , often leading to significant respiratory compromise due to @entity4595 , increased dead space, and impaired secretion clearance. METHODS: We report a series of 12 @entity1 with @entity37796 and @entity10485 who were evaluated at our institution for significant respiratory problems. Stent trials were conducted in 10 @entity1 , with seven proceeding to operative tracheobronchoplasty (TBP) and one continuing with long-term stent placement. One @entity1 underwent TBP without prior stent placement. Of the remaining three @entity1 , two had no improvement with trials of stent placement, and a stent could not be placed in the third because of a large tracheal diameter. RESULTS: Compared with baseline values, clinically significant improvements in health-related quality-of-life measures and pulmonary function testing were seen in @entity1 who underwent central airway stabilization (n = 9). Complications of both stent placement and TBP were generally mild. However, one @entity204 was reported in the surgical group secondary to an exacerbation of preexisting @entity401 . CONCLUSIONS: An aggressive approach that targets central airway stabilization may improve outcomes for @entity1 with @entity37796 . TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00550602; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

title: Airway stenting and tracheobronchoplasty improve respiratory symptoms in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity37796 :: ('MESH:D014137', 'Disease') :: ['Mounier-Kuhn syndrome', 'MKS', 'tracheobronchomegaly']

entities_list: @entity10485 :: ('MESH:D055089', 'Disease') :: ['tracheobronchomalacia']

entities_list: @entity4595 :: ('MESH:D001987', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiectasis']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity37796 :: (MESH:D014137,Disease) :: ['Mounier-Kuhn syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Osteoclasts rapidly form on the surface of bone chips at augmentation sites. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, is unclear. Soluble factors released from bone chips in  vitro have a robust impact on mesenchymal cell differentiation. Whether these soluble factors change the differentiation of hematopoietic cells into osteoclasts remains unknown. METHODS: Osteoclastogenesis, the formation of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells, was studied with @entity19 bone marrow cultures exposed to @entity5271 and @entity9827 , and conditioned medium from fresh ( @entity27948 ) and demineralized bone matrix (DCM). Histochemical staining, gene and protein expression, as well as viability assays were performed. RESULTS: This study shows that @entity27948 had no impact on osteoclastogenesis. However, when @entity27948 was heated to 85  C (BCMh), the number of @entity5272 -resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated cells that developed in the presence of @entity5271 and @entity9827 approximately doubled. In line with the histochemical observations, there was a trend that BCMh increased expression of osteoclast marker genes, in particular the transcription factor @entity9830 . The expression of @entity9830 was significantly reduced by the @entity641 receptor I antagonist @entity21795 . @entity17058 significantly stimulated osteoclastogenesis, independent of thermal processing. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that activated @entity27948 by heat and @entity1072 are able to stimulate osteoclastogenesis in  vitro. These in  vitro results support the notion that the resorption of autografts may be supported by as yet less defined paracrine mechanisms.

title: Conditioned medium from fresh and demineralized bone enhances osteoclastogenesis in XXXX bone marrow cultures.

entities_list: @entity5272 :: ('MESH:C029768', 'Chemical') :: ['tartrate']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antidepressants may have an impact on the course of eye dryness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of commonly used new antidepressants on eye wetting. Fifty-four @entity1 using new antidepressants and 57 controls were recruited. The Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale questionnaires were completed by the @entity1 , and drug use time and dosages were recorded. The Schirmer test was performed without prior instillation of topical anesthesia to the ocular surface, and the wetting result was recorded for each eye. @entity837 , @entity4480 , and @entity906 were used by 27, 13, and 14 @entity1 , respectively. The Schirmer test results in the @entity1 were significantly lower than in the controls (P < 0.001). The @entity1 using selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) displayed lower wetting measurements ( <=5 mm) compared with those using @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors, which was independent of the duration of antidepressant usage (P < 0.05). Although SSRIs do not have anticholinergic adverse effects except @entity903 , we found that both SSRIs and @entity750 - @entity1063 reuptake inhibitors increased the risk for eye dryness. The lower Schirmer test results of the SSRIs may be associated with a mechanism other than the anticholinergic system. An awareness of the drugs that contribute to @entity936 will allow ophthalmologists, optometrists, and other physicians to better manage @entity1 who have this problem.

title: XXXX Related to Commonly Used New Antidepressants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['Escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity4480 :: ('MESH:C058218', 'Chemical') :: ['duloxetine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity936 :: (MESH:D015352,Disease) :: ['Dry Eye']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5336 -dependent haloperoxidases (VHPOs) perform two-electron oxidation of @entity48453 using @entity273 . Their mechanism, including the factors determining the substrate specificity and the pH- @entity734 of the catalytic rates, is poorly understood. The @entity8870 cofactor in the active site of VHPOs contains "spectroscopically silent" V(V), which does not change oxidation state during the reaction. We employed an NMR crystallography approach based on @entity72148 magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory, to gain insights into the structure and coordination environment of the cofactor in the resting state of @entity5336 -dependent chloroperoxidases (VCPO). The cofactor environments in the wild type VCPO and its @entity72149 / @entity72150 / @entity72151 mutant exhibiting 5-100 fold improved catalytic activity are examined at various pH values. Optimal sensitivity attained owing to the fast MAS probe technologies enabled the assignment of the location and number of protons on the @entity8870 as a function of pH. The @entity8870 cofactor changes its protonation from quadruply protonated at pH 6.3 to triply protonated at pH 7.3 to doubly protonated at pH 8.3. In contrast, in the mutant, the @entity8870 protonation is the same at pH 5.0 and 8.3, and the cofactor is doubly protonated. This methodology to identify the distinct protonation environments of the cofactor, which are also pH dependent, could help explain the different reactivities of the wild type and mutant VCPO and their pH- @entity734 . This study demonstrates that (51)V-based NMR crystallography can be used to derive the detailed coordination environments of @entity5336 centers in large biological molecules.

title: @entity72148 NMR Crystallography of @entity5336 Chloroperoxidase and its Directed Evolution @entity72149 / XXXX / @entity72151 Mutant: Protonation Environments of the Active Site.

entities_list: @entity5336 :: ('MESH:D014639', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadium', 'Vanadium']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity8870 :: ('MESH:D014638', 'Chemical') :: ['vanadate']

answer: @entity72150 :: (p|SUB|L|241|V,ProteinMutation) :: ['L241V']