abstract: @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is a proven prognostic factor of mortality in hemodialysis @entity1 . Traditional and nontraditional risk factors are almost equivalent in @entity298 ( @entity298 ), and @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 . Moreover, peritoneal @entity413 absorption accelerates the degenerative processes of connective tissues as in @entity6 . In our study, we examined the predictive value of @entity272 for total mortality in the @entity298 population.Data were collected from 198 prevalently adult Caucasian @entity298 @entity1 . One hundred twenty-six @entity1 (mean age 66.2 y, @entity1 [n=73], @entity6 ratio 75/126) had @entity65 ( @entity301 , @entity66 , peripheral @entity455 ). Initially, we evaluated factors affecting @entity272 and @entity65 by multivariate linear regression. Survival rates were estimated by recording clinical and demographic data associated with mortality during a 36-month follow-up using the Kaplan-Meier method. Analyses were further stratified based on the presence or absence of @entity65 and @entity272 levels above or below the upper tercile 3.61 arbitrary units. @entity272 was influenced by @entity65 (P<0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.5) and white blood cell counts (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.031-0.117). According to the Spearman correlation, @entity272 correlated with peritoneal cumulative @entity413 exposure (P=0.02) and elapsed time in @entity298 (P=0.008). @entity65 correlated with age (P<0.001, 95% CI 1.24-1.65) and @entity6 (P<0.001, 95% CI 2.58-10.66). More deaths were observed in the high @entity272 group than in the low @entity272 group (34/68 vs 44/130; P=0.04). Comparing the @entity65 (-) low @entity272 group survival (mean 33.9 mos, @entity2246 [ @entity2246 ] 1.39) to @entity65 (+) low @entity272 (mean 30.5 mos, @entity2246 1.37, P=0.03) and to @entity65 (+) high @entity272 group (mean 27.1 mos, @entity2246 1.83, P=0.001), the difference was significant.In conclusion, among @entity298 @entity1 , @entity272 values over 3.61 arbitrary units seem to be a predictor of mortality. The relationship among peritoneal @entity413 exposure, @entity65 , and @entity6 suggests its suitability to characterize systemic cumulative @entity413 load in this @entity1 population.

title: Skin Autofluorescence and Mortality in XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'anamnestic CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['SAF', 'Skin autofluorescence']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['standard error', 'SE']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used to manage antenatal @entity308 . Hence, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the prevalence of @entity600 associated with pregnancy exposure to such agents and summarize the hypothesized teratogenic mechanisms. Areas covered: Medical literature published in English (1980 - June 2015) was electronically searched to identify all articles reporting an increased prevalence of @entity600 associated with prenatal SSRI exposure and hypothesizing teratogenic mechanisms. Expert opinion: The only recurrent pattern of @entity154 associated with antenatal SSRI exposure is @entity299 . SSRIs may alter the function of @entity750 and related receptors which are involved in the development of the @entity1154 -dependent @entity299 . Nevertheless, the magnitude of this increase and, thus, its clinical significance are unclear. Therefore, a cautious approach of using SSRI during pregnancy only in the case of major @entity308 episodes should be applied. However, this risk should be balanced against the risks associated with the worsening of @entity308 , and take into consideration the large number of studies that found no associations between transplacental SSRI exposure and @entity299 . Prenatal ultrasonography and Doppler sonography to detect early @entity299 are also advisable. Non-pharmacological approaches are preferred for less severe @entity146 .

title: Early pregnancy exposure to selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors, risks of XXXX , and hypothesized teratogenic mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression', 'depressive']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['birth defects']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart defects', 'cardiac defects', 'cardiac structures', 'cardiac anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamine']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['major structural malformations']


abstract: @entity731 is an @entity792 associated with @entity166 , inflammatory, and autoimmune factors. Both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms have been proposed to participate in the onset and/or progression of @entity75 . @entity1457 protein (hsp), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and @entity9500 have been reported to elicit humoral and cellular immune response in both experimental animals and @entity1 . These autoantigens are expressed within @entity731 . Immunization with the given autoantigens elicits an immune response that influences lesion progression. @entity731 susceptibility can be transferred by autoantigen-sensitized lymphocytes from immunized animals. @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity1701 ( @entity1701 ) have a high risk for @entity65 events. The traditional risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated @entity731 in @entity1252 and @entity1701 . Immunological alterations, such as antibodies to oxidized LDL, antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), antibodies to beta-2 Glycoprotein (anti- @entity2263 -GPL), anti-prothrombin antibodies, may play a role in premature @entity731 in @entity1252 and @entity1701 . Paraoxonase ( @entity533 ) is an enzyme with antioxidant activity attached to the circulating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in plasma. Its function is to prevent oxidation of LDL, thereby accounting for the antioxidant properties and the atherosclerotic protective effects of HDL. The relationship between @entity533 and aPL has been recently suggested. IgG anti-HDL and IgG anti- @entity9500 antibodies were associated with reduced @entity533 activity in @entity1 with @entity1252 and primary @entity1701 . The determination of classic and new factors, together with specific autoantibody titers and the use of Doppler carotid ultrasound, are useful methods to detect early @entity731 in @entity1252 and PAPS. Therapeutic strategies, including early control of disease and other risk factors, are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.

title: @entity731 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['APS', 'antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune/inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic cardiovascular']

answer: @entity1701 :: (MESH:D016736,Disease) :: ['antiphospholipid syndrome']


abstract: Importance: @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) conditions are undertreated in late life. It is important to identify treatment strategies that address variability in treatment content and delivery and take individual-specific symptoms into account, particularly among @entity258 , community-dwelling older adults. Objective: To evaluate program feasibility and @entity1032 outcomes among community-dwelling older adults randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms of varying intensity of evidence-based, collaborative @entity1032 care management services (ie, the Supporting Seniors Receiving Treatment and Intervention [SUSTAIN] program) that provide standardized, measurement-based, software-aided @entity1032 assessment and symptom monitoring and connection to community resources via telephone. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Trial @entity1 were 1018 older, community-dwelling, @entity258 adults prescribed an antidepressant or anxiolytic by a primary care or non- @entity1032 professional and experiencing clinically significant @entity1032 symptoms at intake. The @entity1 subsample was drawn from a larger parent sample of older adults enrolled in the SUSTAIN program. Individuals were randomized to receive @entity1032 symptom monitoring alone (hereafter monitoring alone) or @entity1032 symptom monitoring plus care management (hereafter care management) provided by an @entity1032 professional. Baseline characteristics were examined, and changes in clinical @entity1032 outcomes were evaluated at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The study dates were August 5, 2010, to May 5, 2014. Interventions: Monitoring alone or care management delivered by an @entity1032 professional. Main Outcomes and Measures: Overall @entity1032 functioning (primary) and @entity308 . Results: A total of 509 @entity1 were randomized to the monitoring alone group and 509 to the care management group; 377 and 401 completed >= 2 research assessments in the monitoring alone and case management groups, respectively. Compared with those randomized to monitoring alone, individuals randomized to care management showed greater improvements in the 3 domains of @entity1032 functioning (b [SE], 0.36 [0.12]; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.60; P   =   .004), @entity308 (b [SE], -0.20 [0.06]; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.09; P   <   .001), and @entity148 (b [SE], -0.23 [0.05]; 95% CI, -0.33 to -0.14; P   <   .001) over time. Conclusions and Relevance: The SUSTAIN program, which provides assessment, monitoring, care management, and brief therapies for @entity1032 symptoms and needs in primary care settings, is feasible and scalable. A more intense level of care (ie, symptom monitoring plus care management) is associated with more favorable individual outcomes for @entity258 , community-dwelling older adults experiencing clinically significant @entity1032 symptoms. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT02440594.

title: A Telephone-Based Program to Provide Symptom Monitoring Alone vs Symptom Monitoring Plus Care Management for Late-Life XXXX : A Randomized Clinical Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental health', 'MH']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressive and anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety symptoms']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-income']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression and Anxiety']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine efficacy of a modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) protocol for @entity1 with @entity64 . DESIGN: Multiple-baseline, pre-post, single-blinded randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient clinic. @entity1 : Seventeen @entity1 who experienced @entity64 more than 1 year before study entry and who had @entity3140 and learned nonuse. INTERVENTION: Seven @entity1 participated in structured therapy sessions emphasizing more affected arm use in valued activities, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. Their less affected arms were also restrained 5d/wk for 5 hours (mCIMT). Four @entity1 received regular therapy with similar contact time to mCIMT. Six @entity1 received no therapy (control). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery ( @entity7595 ), Action Research Arm ( @entity12335 ) Test, and Motor Activity Log (MAL). RESULTS: The mCIMT @entity1 exhibited greater motor changes on the @entity7595 and @entity12335 (18.4, 11.4) than regular therapy (6.0, 7.1) or control (-2.9, -4.5). Statistical analyses showed significant differences in motor improvement on the @entity7595 (F(2,12)=11.2, P=.002) and the @entity12335 (F(2,12)=14.0, P=.001). Post hoc analyses showed that, when pretreatment motor differences are controlled, mCIMT resulted in substantially higher posttreatment @entity7595 and @entity12335 scores. Amount and quality of arm use, measured by the MAL, improved only in mCIMT @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: mCIMT may be an efficacious method of improving function and use of the more affected arms of @entity64 @entity1 . Findings further affirm that repeated, task-specific practice is critical to reacquisition of function, whereas practice schedule intensity is less critical.

title: Efficacy of modified constraint-induced movement therapy in XXXX : a single-blinded randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper-limb hemiparesis']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['chronic stroke']


abstract: Three experiments were conducted with broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age to evaluate Florida 301 variety of @entity3505 and Beagle 82 variety of triticale. In Experiment 1, a @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ) was used for five dietary treatments: yellow @entity4336 -soy (control), triticale-soy, yellow @entity4336 -triticale-soy, @entity3505 -soy and yellow @entity4336 - @entity3505 -soy. Diets were balanced to maintain equal levels of @entity17492 and @entity376 and were kept isocaloric (3,124 kcal/kg) using @entity4336 oil. In Experiment 2, a @entity1939 was used for 10 dietary treatments. Each grain was substituted partially and totally for @entity4336 on both iso and nonisocaloric basis. Animal fat was the supplemental fat source. In Experiment 3, a @entity1939 was used for 8 dietary treatments. Each grain was substituted for @entity4336 isocalorically using @entity4336 oil, animal fat, or both as supplemental fat sources. Results from these experiments showed that Florida 301 @entity3505 is an excellent cereal grain for broiler chicks as measured by feed efficiency and growth response, which was numerically but not significantly greater than with a @entity4336 -soy control diet. Growth response was inconsistent with Beagle 82 triticale throughout the three experiments. However, feed efficiency was better with triticale diets than @entity4336 -based diets.

title: Nutritive value of new cultivars of triticale and XXXX for broiler chick diets.

entities_list: @entity17492 :: ('MESH:D000603', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfur amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['CRD', 'completely randomized design']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It is recognised that ageing induces various changes to the @entity1 colonic microbiota. Most relevant is a reduction in bifidobacteria, which is a health-positive genus. Prebiotics, such as galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), are dietary ingredients that selectively fortify beneficial gut microbial groups. Therefore, they have the potential to reverse the age-related decline in bifidobacteria and modulate associated health parameters. We assessed the effect of GOS mixture (Bimuno (B-GOS)) on gut microbiota, markers of immune function and metabolites in forty elderly (age 65-80 years) volunteers in a randomised, double-blind, placebo (maltodextrin)-controlled, cross-over study. The intervention periods consisted of 10 weeks with daily doses of 5  5  g/d with a 4-week washout period in between. Blood and faecal samples were collected for the analyses of faecal bacterial populations and immune and metabolic biomarkers. B-GOS consumption led to significant increases in bacteroides and bifidobacteria, the latter correlating with increased @entity880 in faecal waters. Higher @entity688 , @entity687 , natural killer cell activity and C-reactive protein and lower @entity1356 were also observed. Administration of B-GOS to elderly volunteers may be useful in positively affecting the microbiota and some markers of immune function associated with ageing.

title: Influence of galacto-oligosaccharide mixture (B-GOS) on gut microbiota, immune parameters and metabonomics in elderly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['persons']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4236 is a @entity5 arising from the olfactory epithelium located in the upper part of the nasal cavities. Recent clinical and preclinical studies shed more light on etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare malignancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review of PubMed/Medline and available Polish literature. RESULTS: Molecular studies indicate basal progenitor cells of the olfactory epithelium as the origin of @entity4236 . @entity5 symptoms are related to its location and typically include: @entity1415 , @entity4838 as well as @entity19534 . @entity4236 should be differentiated from @entity2875 , @entity2828 , @entity320 , @entity706 , and pericytoma. A combination of surgery and radiotherapy seems to be the optimum approach to treatment. More aggressive treatment regimens are promising but require further studies. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4236 is a rare @entity5 arising from the olfactory epithelium. Early diagnosis and interdisciplinary approach to treatment is vital in the management of the @entity5 .

title: [Olfactory neuroblastoma ( XXXX ): etiopatogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment].

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour', 'malignant tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity4236 :: ('MESH:D018304', 'Disease') :: ['Esthesioneuroblastoma', 'esthesioneuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity2875 :: ('MESH:D018233', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity4838 :: ('MESH:D000857', 'Disease') :: ['nasal obstruction, olfactory and ophtalmic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity19534 :: ('MESH:D005157', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial pain']

answer: @entity4236 :: (MESH:D018304,Disease) :: ['esthesioneuroblastoma']


abstract: @entity26742 , a novel aminotetralin @entity935 D2 agonist, was shown to effectively reverse @entity304 in nine dopa/agonist-responsive @entity191 @entity1 . The drug was given up to 4.5 hours by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion using an i.v. pump. The onset of anti- @entity191 effect was seen within minutes of the initiation of the infusion and was absent within 90 minutes of cessation of the infusion. The short elimination half-life of @entity26742 (90 min) would allow for the rapid initiation of drug effect when necessary and at the same time permit the effect to be terminated quickly if necessary. The drug would be useful in situations where oral medication is not feasible or is associated with erratic absorption. The @entity1 tolerated the drug well. Dose escalation load was limited by @entity390 and @entity391 . It should be noted that the doses were increased until these symptoms occurred, but therapeutic effects were noted well before the side effects occurred. Using a modified Columbia scale, maximum improvement consisted of a 27-95% drop in score. Maximum response was obtained at infusion rates varying from 2-16 microg/kg per hour and at blood levels of 0.11-1.49 microg/mL.

title: @entity26742 , a novel soluble @entity935 D2 agonist in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity304 :: (MESH:D010302,Disease) :: ['parkinsonism']


abstract: Several Louisiana parishes (counties) using the Mississippi River for their source of public drinking water have the highest mortality rates (1950-69) in the United States for several @entity5 . Therefore, a case-control mortality study on @entity96 , brain, pancreas, bladder, kidney, prostate, rectum, colon, esophagus, stomach, @entity1893 , @entity1582 , @entity1778 , @entity978 , @entity358 ; breast and malignant @entity320 , from 1960 to 1975 in South Louisiana parishes grouped for similarities in industrial characteristics, having approximately equal exposure of the population to surface and groundwater, was conducted. Noncancer @entity204 were randomly selected as controls and matched to the case @entity204 on age, race, sex, and year and parish group of @entity204 . Water source at @entity204 was assigned based on the residence at @entity204 and described as surface or ground and chlorinated or nonchlorinated. A significantly increased risk for surface, chlorinated water use was noted for @entity5 . No risk could be demonstrated for @entity694 . The risk noted for @entity150 by other investigators is not substantiated. @entity1313 risk appears to be associated with chlorinated groundwater, but this may be industrial confounding. @entity0 demonstrated a slight, but significant, risk associated with surface chlorinated water. This risk, however, might be due to confounding of rural life style, early childbearing and large families with nonchlorinated water found in these settings. Chlorination risk for @entity703 was not significant. No risk was observed in association with surface water for other @entity5 of the gastrointestinal or urinary tract. @entity1582 was significantly associated with a risk from ground water.

title: Case-control XXXX mortality study and chlorination of drinking water in Louisiana.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['Brain cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'Multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To check for an association between @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ) use by the mother during pregnancy and @entity735 (i.e., @entity17347 , @entity4353 , and @entity4643 ) in the @entity1 , as suggested by Sutcliffe et al. (1998), who reported four cases. METHODS: We checked all the cases with these @entity735 for @entity2050 use by the mother in the EUROCAT Northern Netherlands dataset, which registers @entity1 with @entity600 and records possible teratogenic exposures (including medication taken by the mother). We also reviewed 13 studies in the literature. RESULTS: The EUROCAT dataset recorded 77 cases of @entity17347 , @entity4353 , or @entity4643 , but none with prenatal exposure to @entity2050 . Prenatal @entity2050 exposure was recorded in seven other cases without @entity735 . Large studies in the literature on the teratogenic effects of @entity2050 (and other antiepileptic drugs), including data from the MADRE database, revealed no association between these @entity735 and prenatal @entity2050 exposure. One case reported @entity17347 and other @entity154 after prenatal exposure to @entity2050 in combination with @entity5305 and @entity619 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not support Sutcliffe's suggestion that prenatal @entity2050 exposure may result in @entity735 . However, despite the large population represented, both the low birth prevalence of these @entity735 and the low prevalence of @entity2050 exposure during pregnancy make it difficult to exclude an increased relative risk. The many large prospective and retrospective studies in the literature seem to agree with our findings, although there is still uncertainty about the teratogenic effect of @entity2050 in polytherapy.

title: Is there an association between maternal XXXX use during pregnancy and @entity735 in the @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity5305 :: ('MESH:D020888', 'Chemical') :: ['vigabatrin']

entities_list: @entity4353 :: ('MESH:D008850', 'Disease') :: ['microphthalmia']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital malformations']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['congenital eye malformations', 'congenital eye malformation', 'eye malformations']

entities_list: @entity17347 :: ('MESH:D000853', 'Disease') :: ['anophthalmia', 'bilateral anophthalmia']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity2049 :: (MESH:D002220,Chemical) :: ['carbamazepine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Age is a known susceptibility factor for the @entity1370 of several anticancer drugs, including @entity2664 ( @entity1500 ). The impact of anticancer drugs in young @entity1 is underestimated, thus we aimed to evaluate the @entity1370 of @entity1500 in juvenile and adult animals. Juvenile (3 week-old) and adult (8-10 week-old) male CD-1 @entity19 were used. Each group was treated with a 9.0mg/kg cumulative dose of @entity1500 or saline; they were maintained in a drug-free period for 3-weeks after the last administration to allow the development of late @entity137 (protocol 1), or sacrificed 24h after the last @entity1500 administration to evaluate early @entity1370 (protocol 2). In protocol 1, no adult @entity19 survived, while 2 of the juveniles reached the end of the protocol. High plasma @entity492 aminotransferase/ @entity493 aminotransferase ratio and a high cardiac reduced/oxidized @entity2041 ratio were found in the surviving @entity1500 -treated juvenile @entity19 . In protocol 2, a significant decrease in plasma @entity908 -kinase MB in juveniles was found 24h after the last @entity1500 -administration. Cardiac histology showed that both @entity1500 -treated populations had significant damage, although higher in adults. However, @entity1500 -treated juveniles had a significant increase in fibrotic tissue. The @entity1500 -treated adults had higher values of cardiac GSSG and protein carbonylation, but lower cardiac noradrenaline levels. For the first time, mature adult animals were shown to be more susceptible to @entity1500 as evidenced by several biomarkers, while young animals appear to better adjust to the @entity1500 -induced @entity299 . Even so, the higher level of fibrotic tissue and the histological damage showed that @entity1500 also causes @entity299 in the juvenile population.

title: The age factor for XXXX 's @entity1370 : Multiple doses render the adult @entity19 heart more susceptible to injury.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury', 'cardiac damage']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

answer: @entity2664 :: (MESH:D008942,Chemical) :: ['mitoxantrone']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Numerous viruses are transmitted in a persistent manner by insect vectors. Persistent viruses establish their initial infection in the midgut epithelium, from where they disseminate to the midgut visceral muscles. Although propagation of viruses in insect vectors can be controlled by the small interfering RNA (siRNA) antiviral pathway, whether the siRNA pathway can control viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium is unknown. A @entity579 virus ( @entity30416 , SRBSDV) is restricted its infection in the midgut epithelium of its incompetent vector ( @entity62735 , SBPH). Here, we showed that the siRNA pathway was triggered by SRBSDV infection in the continuous cultured cells derived from SBPH and in the midgut of the intact insect. Knockdown of the expression of the core component Dicer-2 of siRNA pathway due to RNA interference strongly increased the propagation ability of SRBSDV in the continuous SBPH cultured cells and in the midgut epithelium, allowing viral titers in the midgut epithelium to reach a certain threshold (1.99 * 10(9) copies of SRBSDV P10 gene/ g midgut RNA) needed for viral dissemination into the SBPH midgut muscles. Our results thus represent the first elucidation of the threshold for viral dissemination from the insect midgut epithelium. The silencing of Dicer-2 further facilitated the transmission of SRBSDV into @entity579 plants by SBPHs. Taken together, our results revealed a new finding that the siRNA pathway can control the initial infection of a virus in the insect midgut epithelium, which finally affected vector competence of a virus. IMPORTANCE: Many viral pathogens that cause significant global health and agricultural problems are transmitted via insect vectors. The first bottleneck for @entity1800 , the midgut epithelium, is a principal determinant of the ability of an insect species to transmit a virus. @entity30416 (SRBSDV) is exclusively restricted to the midgut epithelium of the incompetent vector @entity62735 (SBPH). Here, we show that silencing of the core component Dicer-2 of siRNA pathway increased viral titers in the midgut epithelium past a certain threshold (1.99 * 10(9) copies of SRBSDV P10 gene/ g midgut RNA) for viral dissemination into the midgut muscles, then into the salivary glands, allowing the SBPH to become a competent vector of SRBSDV. This result is the first evidence of a direct role of the siRNA antiviral pathway in controlling viral dissemination from the midgut epithelium and affecting vector competence of a virus.

title: Small interfering RNA pathway modulates initial XXXX in the midgut epithelium of insect after ingestion of virus.

entities_list: @entity30416 :: ('519497', 'Species') :: ['southern rice black streaked dwarf virus', 'Southern rice black streaked dwarf virus']

entities_list: @entity62735 :: ('195883', 'Species') :: ['small brown planthopper']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['viral infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Severe @entity130 can be associated with significant @entity548 and impaired organ perfusion. We hypothesized that goal-directed therapy would confer morbidity and mortality benefits in major @entity130 . METHODS: The MedLine, Embase and Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register databases were systematically searched for randomized, controlled trials of goal-directed therapy in severe @entity130 @entity1 . Mortality was the primary outcome of this review. Secondary outcomes included complication rates, length of hospital and intensive care unit stay, and the volume of fluid and blood administered. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan software, and the data presented are as odds ratios for dichotomous outcomes and as mean differences (MDs) and standard MDs for continuous outcomes. RESULTS: Four randomized, controlled trials including 419 @entity1 were analyzed. Mortality risk was significantly reduced in goal-directed therapy-treated @entity1 , compared to the control group(OR=0.56, 95%CI: 0.34-0.92). Intensive care ( @entity601 : 3.7 days 95%CI: 1.06-6.5)and hospital length of stay ( @entity601 : 3.5 days,95%CI: 2.75-4.25) were significantly shorter in the protocol group @entity1 .There were no differences in reported total fluid volume or blood transfusions administered. Heterogeneity in reporting among the studies prevented quantitative analysis of complications. CONCLUSION: Following severe @entity130 , early goal-directed therapy was associated with lower mortality and shorter durations of intensive care unit and hospital stays. The findings of this analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the presence of significant heterogeneity and the small number of the

title: Hemodynamic optimization in severe XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic shock']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: The influence of pretreatment with @entity3102 [cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) + @entity38471 ( @entity38471 ) inhibitor], @entity28469 (selective @entity38471 inhibitor) and @entity1215 (CYP3A + @entity38471 inducer) on oral @entity1286 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics was investigated in experimental @entity235 . Seven beagles were used in a four-way crossover design. @entity33483 was administered orally (2.5 mg/kg) alone (control group CON) or after pretreatment with @entity3102 (group KETO), @entity28469 (group ELA) or @entity1215 (group RIF). @entity1286 plasma concentrations were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Sedation scores (none, mild, moderate or severe) were evaluated subjectively. @entity235 were significantly (P < 0.05) more sedated after @entity3102 pretreatment. There were no significant differences between group CON and the other pretreatment groups in pharmacokinetic parameters taking both sexes into account. Sex differences were apparent in some pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity1286 . The area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC(0-   ) ) was significantly higher, and the total body clearance was significantly lower in male compared to female @entity235 in all treatment groups. @entity3102 , @entity1215 and @entity28469 pretreatment had no significant effects on @entity1286 pharmacokinetics, although @entity235 in the @entity3102 group showed higher sedation scores.

title: The influence of modulation of @entity38471 and/or cytochrome P450 3A on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3102 :: ('MESH:D007654', 'Chemical') :: ['ketoconazole', 'Ketoconazole']

entities_list: @entity33483 :: ('CHEBI:55340', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine', 'Morphine']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity28469 :: ('MESH:C083501', 'Chemical') :: ['elacridar']

answer: @entity1286 :: (MESH:D009020,Chemical) :: ['morphine']


abstract: OBJECT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness and limitations of @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ) in the treatment of brain @entity3 from @entity320 . METHODS: Imaging and clinical outcomes in 45 @entity1 treated for 92 brain @entity3 from @entity320 between October 1989 and October 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up imaging studies were available in 35 @entity1 with 66 treated lesions. Twenty-four percent of the lesions disappeared, 35% shrank, 23% remained unchanged, and 18% increased in size. No undue radiation-induced changes were observed in the surrounding brain. Clinical data were available in all @entity1 . No @entity204 or @entity16 related to @entity1104 was observed. The median survival time, calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, was 10.4 months from the time of @entity1104 . In both univariate and multivariate @entity797 regression analyses, a single @entity75 and lack of visceral @entity3 were statistically predictive of a better prognosis. Six of eight @entity1 with solitary metastasis (that is, a single brain metastasis with no primary @entity5 ) were still alive at the close of the study, none of them with disease progression, with a follow-up period ranging between 14 and 82 months. Sixteen @entity1 in this series received adjunctive whole-brain radiation therapy, which had no impact on their survival time or local and distant control of the @entity75 . CONCLUSIONS: Gamma surgery is effective in treating @entity320 @entity3 in the brain. It appears that the radiobiology of a single high dose overcomes the radioresistance barrier, yielding better results than fractionated radiation.

title: Gamma surgery for XXXX @entity3 in the brain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion', 'brain disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['visceral tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological morbidity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['GS', 'gamma surgery']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: As @entity463 progresses, @entity1 experience a decline in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Delaying this decline is an important treatment goal. In newly diagnosed @entity463 , progression-free survival was prolonged when bevacizumab was added to radiotherapy plus @entity2903 (RT/ @entity2904 ) versus placebo plus RT/ @entity2904 (phase III AVAglio study; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.74; P < .001). To ensure that addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care therapy was not associated with HRQoL detriment, HRQoL assessment was a secondary objective. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 completed European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity5 Quality of Life Questionnaires C30 and BN20 at each @entity5 assessment (Appendix Table A1, online only). Raw scores were converted to a 100-point scale and mean changes from baseline scores were evaluated (stable: < 10-point change; clinically relevant deterioration/improvement: >=  10-point change). Deterioration-free survival was the time to deterioration/progression/death; time to deterioration was the time to deterioration/death. RESULTS: Most evaluable @entity1 who had not progressed (> 74%) completed all HRQoL assessments for at least 1 year of treatment, and almost all completed at least one HRQoL assessment at baseline (98.3% and 97.6%, bevacizumab and placebo arms, respectively). Mean changes from baseline did not reach a clinically relevant difference between arms for most items. HRQoL declined at progression in both arms. The addition of bevacizumab to RT/ @entity2904 resulted in statistically longer (P < .001) deterioration-free survival across all items. Time to deterioration was not statistically longer in the placebo plus RT/ @entity2904 arm (v bevacizumab) for any HRQoL item. CONCLUSION: The addition of bevacizumab to standard-of-care treatment for newly diagnosed @entity463 had no impact on HRQoL during the progression-free period.

title: Health-Related Quality of Life in a Randomized Phase III Study of Bevacizumab, XXXX , and Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed @entity463 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity2903 :: (MESH:C047246,Chemical) :: ['Temozolomide']


abstract: Although the kidney is believed to play a minor role in @entity6741 (BA) excretion, @entity177 ( @entity177 ) has been reported to be accompanied by alterations in the BA balance. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the changes in BA serum concentrations and @entity8 in @entity1 with different stage of @entity177 or after kidney transplantation and to elucidate whether these might play a role in the development of @entity111 , a common symptom in this disease. This study was carried out on 125 @entity1 . None of them had a history or signs of hepatobiliary malfunction. They belonged either to a control group (N = 31) or to one of the three following @entity177 groups: @entity1 maintained only on a low-protein diet (diet group, N = 23); the same, together with periodic sessions of hemodialysis (dialysis group, N = 42); and @entity1 who had undergone a kidney transplant more than 1 and less than 2 years before (transplanted group, N = 29). Serum and urine BA concentrations were assayed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity111 was quantified by means of a questionnaire answered at the time of sample collection. A marked @entity66748 together with a reduction in BA output into urine and profound alterations in the profiles of these compounds in both serum and urine in @entity1 with @entity177 were observed. The levels of total @entity7902 in serum, but not the proportions of molecular species, were corrected by hemodialysis. By contrast, kidney transplant reversed BA serum patterns to normality but, due to immunosuppressive therapy with @entity205 , total serum BA concentrations were consistently elevated in this group. @entity111 was more frequent in @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity66748 , although no significant correlation between the degree of this symptom and the magnitude of the serum concentrations of total or individual @entity7902 were found. By contrast, in spite of @entity66748 , once renal function had been restored by kidney transplantation, none of the @entity1 suffered from @entity111 . These results suggest that the kidney plays an important role in determining the serum BA pool size and composition and that @entity66748 may be a contributing factor, but not the only one, determining the development of @entity111 in @entity1 with @entity177 .

title: XXXX -induced changes in serum and urine @entity6741 profiles.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal excretion', 'impaired kidney function']

entities_list: @entity66748 :: ('MESH:C564336', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholanemia']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['chronic renal failure', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['Pruritus', 'pruritus']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Chronic renal failure']


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3963 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3963 , @entity8047 and @entity8496 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity3546 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity12136 and @entity25820 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3963 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3963 . In addition, the @entity12136 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3963 docking site. Overexpression of @entity12136 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity8047 inhibitor @entity5732 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1889 107 by an aspartic or an @entity493 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity12136 that could not be inhibited by @entity5732 or in an inactive form of @entity12136 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity12136 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A XXXX / @entity8047 / @entity3963 signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity8496 :: (22882,Gene) :: ['Raf']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serum and secretory IgA concentrations have been suggested to be inversely associated with @entity56 in @entity1 . Furthermore, low maternal milk IgA concentration has been suggested to be associated with the development of @entity291 's @entity6132 . OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether the serum IgA concentrations in infancy and the IgA concentration of maternal milk predict @entity1097 in childhood and up to age 20 years. METHODS: A cohort of 200 unselected full-term newborns was prospectively followed up from birth to age 20 years with measurement of serum total IgA at ages 2 and 6 months. The mothers were encouraged to maintain exclusive breastfeeding for as long as possible. Total IgA concentration of maternal milk was measured at birth (colostrum, n=169) and at 2 (n=167) and 6 (n=119) months of lactation. The @entity1 were re-assessed at ages 5, 11 and 20 years for the occurrence of @entity56 , with skin prick testing and measurement of serum IgE. RESULTS: @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1576 and sensitization had a higher serum IgA concentration at age 2 months than the non-atopic subjects. Colostrum and breast milk IgA concentrations were not associated with the development of @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . However, maternal milk IgA concentration at 6 months of lactation was inversely associated with elevated serum total IgE and positive skin prick test to tree pollen in the offspring at age 20 years. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Increased serum IgA concentration at age 2 months is associated with the development of @entity56 and sensitization in childhood and adolescence. Maternal milk IgA concentrations are not associated with @entity56 in the recipient @entity1 . The present study provides novel information on the role of IgA in the development of @entity1576 and sensitization.

title: Serum immunoglobulin A concentration in infancy, but not @entity1 milk immunoglobulin A, is associated with subsequent @entity1097 in XXXX and adolescents: a 20-year prospective follow-up study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity6132 :: ('MESH:D016269', 'Disease') :: ['milk allergy']

entities_list: @entity1097 :: ('MESH:C566404', 'Disease') :: ['atopic manifestations']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic symptoms', 'subsequent allergic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergic symptoms', 'respiratory allergy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed an exercise machine prototype for increasing exercise intensity by means of passively exercising lower limb muscles. The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive exercise intensity of our newly-developed machine with the intensities of different types of exercises. We also attempted to measure muscle activity to study how these forms of exercise affected individual parts of the body. METHODS: Subjects were 14 healthy @entity1 with the following demographics: age 30 years, height 171.5 cm, weight 68.3 kg. They performed 4 types of exercise: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise (PWLLE), Simulated @entity1641 riding exercise (SHRE), Bicycle exercise, and Walking exercise, as described below at an interval of one week or longer. @entity26 uptake, blood pressure, heart rate, and electromyogram (EMG) were measured or recorded during exercise. At rest prior to exercise and immediately after the end of each exercise intensity, the oxygenated hemoglobin levels of the lower limb muscles were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy to calculate the rate of decline. This rate of decline was obtained immediately after exercise as well as at rest to calculate @entity26 consumption of the lower limb muscles as expressed as a ratio of a post-exercise rate of decline to a resting one. RESULTS: The heart rate and @entity26 uptake observed in PWLLE during maximal intensity were comparable to that of a 20-watt bicycle exercise or 2 km/hr walking exercise. Maximal intensity PWLLE was found to provoke muscle activity comparable to an 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. As was the case with the EMG results, during maximal intensity PWLLE, the rectus femoris muscle consumed @entity26 in amounts identical to that of an 80-watt bicycle or a 6 km/hr walking exercise. CONCLUSION: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise using our trial machine could provide approximately 3 MET of exercise and the thigh exhibited muscle activity equivalent to that of 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. Namely, given the same @entity26 uptake, PWLLE exceeded bicycle or walking exercise in muscle activity, thus PWLLE is believed to strengthen muscle power while reducing the load imposed on the cardiopulmonary system.

title: A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated XXXX riding, bicycle, and walking exercise.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen', 'oxygen']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horse']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of Multislice spiral CT (MSCT) with volume rendering (VR) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstructions in recognizing @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity1 with @entity4145 underwent MSCT. To visualise the excretory system, 50 ml of uroangiografic contrast medium was administered by drip infusion via the cubital vein 180 minutes before the CT scan. MSCT was performed after the injection of 120 ml of contrast medium at a flow rate of 3.5 ml/sec. Dual-phase scanning was performed 25s and 55s after contrast medium administration. MIP and VR reconstructions were obtained on a dedicated workstation. RESULTS: In 11/27 (41%) @entity1 , @entity4145 was due to an @entity3161 (UPJ). In 9/27 (33%), the @entity850 was caused by anomalous vessels. In 3/27 (11%), @entity850 was due to an anomalous UPJ position even though anomalous accessory vessels could be seen. In 4/27 (15%), anomalous vessels were also identified but the presence of a pyeloureteral stent did not allow us to establish whether these vessels were the cause of @entity4145 . CONCLUSIONS: MSCT and MIP and VR reconstructions allow identification of the causes of congenital @entity4145 and provide useful information for appropriate treatment planning.

title: XXXX : assessment with multislice CT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity3161 :: ('MESH:D020511', 'Disease') :: ['anomalous ureteropelvic junction']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['Congenital stenosis of ureteropelvic junction']


abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the association of serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels with @entity2931 receptor (ER) Xba I and Pvu II polymorphisms in 102 healthy Japanese school @entity1 (56M, 46F) aged 10-15 y. Each genotype of the genomic DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes was determined using polymerase chain reaction and digestion with Xba I or Pvu II. The genotypes were coded as either @entity3881 (Pvu II), when XI, P1 signified the absence of and X2, P2 the presence of restriction sites. The fasting serum total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity165 , @entity412 and @entity44088 were measured. In the Xba I polymorphism, LDL @entity165 , @entity755 levels of the XI/XI genotype were significantly higher than those of the others. The other lipid and apolipoprotein levels were not significantly different among the three genotypes. In the Pvu II polymorphism, there were no significant differences in serum lipids and lipoproteins among the three genotypes. This study reveals that Xba I polymorphisms are related to LDL metabolism. These findings support previous reports that the LDL-lowering effects of @entity2931 occur through the ER (alpha) pathway. The Xba I polymorphism may be one of the genetic factors in the control of LDL metabolism.

title: Association of serum low-density lipoprotein metabolism with @entity2931 receptor gene polymorphisms in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity755 :: ('338', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoprotein B']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity44088 :: ('338;348', 'Gene') :: ['apolipoproteins A1, B and E']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity1369 receptor blockade in @entity712 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity35 with moderate @entity583 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity62944 , the active metabolite of @entity1482 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity3372 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity1063 and @entity11474 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity62944 , @entity3372 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity62944 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity82 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity1063 content was decreased while @entity2224 threshold significantly augmented by @entity62944 . @entity11474 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity62944 attenuated @entity384 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity35 model of @entity712 . Addition of @entity3372 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity62944 also reduced myocardial @entity1063 content and @entity2224 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity944 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity1369 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity712 . @entity35 with @entity712 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity62944 , or @entity3372 , or a combination of @entity62944 and @entity3372 . @entity62944 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity384 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity82 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity3372 therapy. Moreover, @entity62944 @entity2224 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity1063 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: @entity1369 receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and @entity2224 threshold in experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity62944 :: ('MESH:D002192', 'Chemical') :: ['Canrenone', 'canrenone']

entities_list: @entity3372 :: ('MESH:D017257', 'Chemical') :: ['ramipril']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['postinfarction heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['LV dilation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation', 'increased ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1482 :: ('MESH:D013148', 'Chemical') :: ['spironolactone']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present the experience of repairing iatrogenic @entity789 ( @entity789 ) using a rotational bladder flap and peritoneal interposition technique. METHODS: Between January 2009 and June 2014, a total of 18 @entity1 (mean age, 44.0 years; age range, 29-51 years) with @entity789 were treated using a transperitoneal approach. All @entity789 were complications of gynecologic procedures. Twelve @entity1 experienced recurrent @entity789 and one @entity1 had a concomitant @entity3622 after radiotherapy. The @entity292 was approached transabdominally. The peritoneum covering the bladder was isolated to expose the bladder and prepare for the interposition. The bladder was opened along the sagittal plane to the @entity292 and a bladder flap was rotated downward to fill the @entity292 defect. The vaginal defect was closed, then a flap using the isolated peritoneum was interposed and fixed between the vagina and bladder. A ureteral re-implantation was performed in one @entity1 . All VVF procedures were performed by one urologist (SW). Repair of the @entity3622 was performed by a general surgeon at the same time. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 (success rate   =   94% [100% for primary cases and 92% for recurrent cases]) had no evidence of recurrent VVF at a mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 6-36 months). The only @entity1 who had previously undergone a repair procedure failed. CONCLUSIONS: A transperitoneal approach with the use of a rotational bladder flap and peritoneal interposition might be a feasible and reliable procedure for surgical management of iatrogenic @entity789 , especially in complicated cases. Neurourol. Urodynam.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Repair of complex XXXX by combining a rotational bladder flap and full thick vascular peritoneal interposition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity789 :: ('MESH:D014719', 'Disease') :: ['vesicovaginal fistulas', 'VVFs']

entities_list: @entity3622 :: ('MESH:D012006', 'Disease') :: ['rectovaginal fistula']

answer: @entity789 :: (MESH:D014719,Disease) :: ['vesicovaginal fistulas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity694 is a public health problem worldwide. Adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection for @entity5 has been shown to improve both progression-free and overall survival, and is currently recommended as standard therapy. However, its value for @entity1 with @entity34 remains controversial. When this study was designed @entity1487 (5FU) plus @entity4181 (LV) was standard adjuvant treatment for @entity694 . @entity2600 ( @entity2600 ) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with activity in metastatic disease. In this multicenter adjuvant phase III trial, we evaluated the addition of @entity2600 to weekly 5FU plus LV in @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The study included 873 eligible @entity1 . The treatment consisted of weekly administration of @entity2600 80 mg/m2 intravenously (i.v.), LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 450 mg/m2 bolus (Arm A) versus LV 200 mg/m2 and 5FU 500 mg/m2 i.v. bolus (Arm B). In Arm A, treatments were administered weekly for four consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of six cycles, while in Arm B treatments were administered weekly for six consecutive weeks, followed by a two-week rest, for a total of four cycles. The primary end-point was disease-free survival (DFS) at three years. RESULTS: The probability of overall survival (OS) at three years was 0.88 for @entity1 in Arm A and 0.86 for those in Arm B, while the five-year OS probability was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.436). Furthermore, the probability of DFS at three years was 0.78 and 0.76 for @entity1 in Arm A and Arm B, respectively (P = 0.334). With the exception of @entity1210 and @entity1398 , which were higher in @entity1 in Arm A, there were no significant differences in Grades 3 and 4 toxicities between the two regimens. The most frequently recorded Grade 3/4 @entity137 was @entity294 in both treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2600 added to weekly bolus 5FU plus LV did not result in @entity5 , but did increase @entity137 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000148077.

title: A randomized phase III trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with @entity2600 , XXXX and @entity1487 versus @entity4181 and @entity1487 for @entity5 : a Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['leucovorin']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2600 :: ('MESH:C051890', 'Chemical') :: ['Irinotecan', 'irinotecan', 'CPT-11']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III colon cancer', 'stage II or III colon cancer', 'improvement in disease-free or overall survival in stage II or III colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['stage II disease']

answer: @entity4181 :: (MESH:D002955,Chemical) :: ['leucovorin']


abstract: Thirteen @entity1 with @entity1944 consecutive to radiotherapy for @entity189 were operated upon between 1973 and 1979. The small bowel was involved in 9 @entity1 and the colon and rectum in 4 @entity1 . Urinary tract lesions were associated in 3 @entity1 of each group. Intestinal @entity39 , progression of the lesions and extensive pelvic @entity82 were the only criteria of poor prognosis. Twenty-two operations were performed: 4 for urinary tract lesions and 18 for @entity1944 . Five @entity1 died during the immediate post-operative period and five died within 2 to 30 months after surgery, including 4 whose @entity189 recurred. The operative technique should be selected according to the extent and severity of radiation-induced damage, as determined by pre-operative examination and thorough exploration of the abdominal cavity once opened. Limited lesions of the small bowel can be treated by resection, but intestinal bypass with latero-lateral @entity254 seems to be preferable in cases with extensive lesions. @entity1 with @entity14 should have defunctioning colostomy prior to any other procedure dictated by the state of affairs. Multiple @entity254 , extensive resections and excessive dissections should be avoided.

title: [Radiation-induced XXXX . Prognosis and surgical management (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lesions']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the uterus']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal lesions']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal lesions']


abstract: Forty-three @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were treated with a combination chemotherapy regimen comprising @entity2879 100 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity1138 10 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 and @entity786 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, every 4 weeks. The median age was 61, and the median initial @entity13770 . Fourteen @entity1 had received prior therapy. The response rates in previously untreated @entity1 were 25% (5/20) for @entity420 , 0% (0/4) for @entity957 , 0% (0/3) for @entity152 , and 18.5% (5/27) for all @entity1 . There were no responders among the pretreated @entity1 . The median survival time was 7 months for previously untreated @entity1 , 4 months for pretreated @entity1 and 6 months for all @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity420 survived significantly longer (8 months) than those with @entity957 (4 months) and @entity152 (3 months). @entity137 consisted of @entity1431 (74%), @entity417 (74%), @entity1209 (55%) and @entity1665 (94%).

title: [Combination chemotherapy with @entity2879 , @entity1138 , and XXXX in advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity152 :: ('MESH:D018287', 'Disease') :: ['large cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea or vomiting']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect and mechanism of Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals (ABDC) on treating @entity1252 complicated with @entity2738 (SLE-ANFH). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity1 (51 joints) with SLE-ANFH were assigned by a random number table to two groups: 22 @entity1 (32 joints) in the treatment group and 12 @entity1 (19 joints) in the control group. All received Western medical conventional treatment for anti- @entity32 and immunosuppression, but an additional Chinese medicine decoction prescribed based on ABDC principle was administered to @entity1 in the treatment group. The observation on the @entity1 ' condition and therapeutic effect lasted for 3 years. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' conditions in the two groups, as assessed by Association for Research Circulation Osseous (ARCO) staging, were similar before treatment. After treatment, comparison between groups showed significant difference (P<0.05), and the raised Harris functional scores in the treatment group were higher than that in the control group (P<0.01). The post-treatment symptom improving rate in the treated group was 72.73%, which was higher than that in the control group (50.00%, P<0.05). Moreover, the former was superior in improving hematologic and hemorrheologic parameters in terms of prolonging activated partial thromboplastin time, lowering whole blood middle/low shear viscosity, and plasma viscosity (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Two @entity1 in the control group but none in the treatment group received hip joint replacement operation during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese medicine ABDC therapy could effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and improve joint function of @entity1 with SLE-ANFH. The mechanism may be related to its effects on improving high coagulation manner and trend for getting @entity887 .

title: @entity1252 complicated with femoral XXXX treated by Chinese medicine therapy for activating blood and dredging collaterals method.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis of the femoral head']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['head ischemic necrosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rapid eye @entity10522 is composed of phasic and tonic periods, two distinguishable microstates in terms of arousal thresholds and sensory processing. Background electroencephalogram oscillations are also different between periods with (phasic state) and periods without (tonic state) eye movements. In Study 1, previous findings analysing electroencephalogram spectral power in phasic and @entity11755 were replicated, and analyses extended to the high gamma range (52-90  Hz). In Study 2, phasic and tonic spectral power differences within a group of 4-8-year-old @entity1 were examined. Based on the polysomnographic data of 20 young adults, the phasic state yielded increased delta and theta power in anterior sites, as well as generally decreased high alpha and beta power in comparison to the tonic state. Moreover, phasic periods exhibited greater spectral power in the lower and the higher gamma band. Interestingly, @entity1 (n  =  18) exhibited a different pattern, showing increased activity in the low alpha range during phasic periods. Moreover, during phasic in contrast to @entity11755 , increased low and high gamma and enhanced low gamma band power emerged in anterior and posterior regions, respectively. The current findings show that spectral activity within the high gamma range substantially contributes to the differences between phasic and @entity11755 , especially in adults. Moreover, the current data underscore the heterogeneity of @entity11755 , and point to marked differences between young adults and @entity1 regarding phasic/tonic electroencephalogram spectral power. These results suggest that the differentiation between phasic and tonic rapid eye movement periods undergoes maturation.

title: EEG spectral power in phasic and tonic REM sleep: different patterns in young adults and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['tonic rapid eye movement sleep', 'rapid eye movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['movement sleep']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in order to assess the association between @entity1723 and @entity174 . BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity174 in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 has not been studied in a large prospective well designed cohort. METHODS: Data were selected from Medline and Embase and abstracts from annual scientific meetings of various @entity6 and bone and mineral societies. Published studies that reported the @entity174 risk in @entity1 with @entity1723 in comparison with @entity1 without @entity6 between 1990 and July 2014 and abstracts from various annual meeting (2005 onwards) were included in the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the text of included publications or from abstracts of conferences. RESULTS: The 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria reported 2066 @entity174 events among 27 300 @entity1 with @entity1723 (7.6%) and 136 579 @entity174 events among 4 364 125 @entity1 without @entity6 (3.1%). The pooled relative risk of any @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity1723 was 3.16 (95% CI 1.51-6.63; P  =  0.002). @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 had a four and two times higher risk of any @entity174 , respectively, compared with @entity1 without @entity6 . The pooled relative risks of @entity173 and @entity174 were 3.78 (95% CI 2.05-6.98; P  <  0.001) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.71-4.82; P  <  0.001), respectively, among @entity1 with @entity1723 . CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 might have an increased risk of any @entity174 . A large prospective epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.

title: XXXX and risk of @entity174 : meta-analysis and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes']

answer: @entity1723 :: (MESH:D003922,Disease) :: ['Type 1 diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activated macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity63 . It has been postulated that detection of heat released by activated inflammatory cells of @entity731 may predict @entity397 and @entity715 . Previous ex vivo studies have shown that there is thermal heterogeneity in @entity1 carotid @entity731 . METHODS AND RESULTS: To measure the temperature of @entity1 arteries in vivo, we developed a catheter-based technique. Ninety @entity1 (45 with normal coronary arteries, 15 with @entity5749 [ @entity5749 ], 15 with @entity1459 [ @entity1459 ], and 15 with @entity583 [ @entity583 ]) were studied. The thermistor of the thermography catheter has a temperature accuracy of 0.05 degrees C, a time constant of 300 ms, and a spatial resolution of 0.5 mm. Temperature was constant within the arteries of the control subjects, whereas most @entity731 showed higher temperature compared with healthy vessel wall. Temperature differences between @entity731 and healthy vessel wall increased progressively from @entity5749 to @entity583 @entity1 (difference of plaque temperature from background temperature, 0. 106+/-0.110 degrees C in @entity5749 , 0.683+/-0.347 degrees C in @entity1459 , and 1. 472+/-0.691 degrees C in @entity583 ). Heterogeneity within the plaque was shown in 20%, 40%, and 67% of the @entity1 with @entity5749 , @entity1459 , and @entity583 , respectively, whereas no heterogeneity was shown in the control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal heterogeneity within @entity1 @entity731 coronary arteries was shown in vivo by use of a special thermography catheter. This heterogeneity is larger in @entity1459 and @entity583 , suggesting that it may be related to the pathogenesis.

title: Thermal heterogeneity within XXXX @entity731 coronary arteries detected in vivo: A new method of detection by application of a special thermography catheter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic', 'atherosclerotic plaque', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding trends in the dissemination of findings from clinical research can help in estimating their population-level benefits. We evaluated trends in the use of adjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy, @entity440 , and the combination of both treatments for @entity0 in the United States from 1975 through 1999. METHODS: Data on treatment of 217 508 @entity1 diagnosed from 1975 through 1999 with stages I, II, and IIIA @entity0 were obtained from eight registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Models of dissemination were developed from these data after adjustment based on information from a series of population-based Patterns of Care (POC) studies that randomly selected case @entity1 from the SEER registries. The POC studies included 7116 @entity1 diagnosed from 1987 through 1991 and in 1995 who were eliminated from the SEER data used in this analysis. RESULTS: The modeled disseminations were generally compatible with the POC-observed proportions of each treatment. The use of multi-agent chemotherapy was higher among premenopausal @entity1 , and the use of @entity440 was higher among postmenopausal @entity1 . The use of multi-agent chemotherapy for postmenopausal @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 reached a peak in 1983 and then decreased through 1986, indicating its substitution with @entity440 . After 1986, the combined use of multi-agent chemotherapy and @entity440 increased for almost all stages and ages. After the early 1990s, @entity440 use in postmenopausal @entity1 with stage II+ or @entity0 declined. CONCLUSIONS: The observed dissemination patterns suggest that the results of clinical trials are disseminated fairly rapidly to community-based physicians and their @entity1 .

title: Trends in use of adjuvant multi-agent chemotherapy and @entity440 for XXXX in the United States: 1975-1999.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage III breast cancer', 'breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node-positive stage II+ or stage IIIA cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Purpose: We compared the treatment results and @entity137 in @entity189 ( @entity189 ) @entity1 treated with concurrent chemotherapy (CCRT) alone (the CRT arm) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT (the NCT arm). Materials and Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective study was conducted to review @entity189 patterns of care and treatment outcome. Data of 568 @entity189 @entity1 treated by CCRT alone or by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by CCRT were collected from 15 institutions. @entity1 in both treatment arms were matched using the propensity score matching method, and the clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: After matching, 300 @entity1 (150 @entity1 in each group) were selected for analysis. Higher 5-year locoregional failure-free survival (LRFFS) was observed in the CRT arm (85% vs. 72%, p = 0.014). No significant differences in distant failure-free survival (DFFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were observed between groups. In subgroup analysis, the NCT arm showed superior DFFS and DFS in stage IV @entity1 younger than 60 years. No significant difference in compliance and @entity137 was observed between groups, except the RT duration was slightly shorter in the CRT arm (50.0 vs. 53.9 days, p = 0.018). Conclusion: This study did not show the superiority of NCT followed by CCRT over CCRT alone. Because NCT could increase the risk of loco-regional recurrences, it can only be considered in selected young @entity1 with advanced stage IV disease. The role of NCT remains to be defined and should not be viewed as the standard of care.

title: The Role of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in the Treatment of XXXX : A Multi-Institutional Retrospective Study Using Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['nasopharyngeal carcinoma', 'NPC']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma']


abstract: @entity2557 ( @entity2557 ) is an important regulator of bone formation. Gain-of-function mutations in the @entity2557 gene result in @entity1610 which include @entity5884 ( @entity5884 ), the most common form of dwarfism, in which skull, appendicular and axial skeletons are affected. The skeletal phenotype of @entity1 with @entity5884 showed defective proliferation and differentiation of the chondrocytes in the growth plate cartilage. Both endochondral and membranous ossification processes are disrupted during development. At cellular level, @entity2557 mutations induce increased phosphorylation of the @entity4149 kinase receptor @entity2557 , which correlate with an enhanced activation of its downstream signaling pathways. Potential therapeutic strategies have emerged for @entity5884 . Several preclinical studies have been conducted such as the @entity21695 ( @entity21695 ) analog ( @entity72863 ), intermittent parathyroid hormone injections, soluble @entity2557 therapy, and @entity31738 and statin treatments. Among the putative targets to antagonize @entity2557 signaling, @entity21695 (or @entity72863 ) is one of the most promising strategies. @entity72863 acts as a key regulator of longitudinal bone growth by downregulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, which is activated as a result of a @entity2557 gain-of-function mutation. Preclinical studies showed that @entity72863 treatment led to a large improvement in skeletal parameters in Fgfr3Y367C/+ @entity19 mimicking @entity5884 . In 2014, a clinical trial (phase 2) of @entity72863 in pediatric @entity1 with @entity5884 has started. This first clinical trial marks the first big step towards real treatment for these @entity1 .

title: @entity21695 Analog as Therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1610 :: ('MESH:D010009', 'Disease') :: ['chondrodysplasias']

entities_list: @entity21695 :: ('4880', 'Gene') :: ['CNP', 'C-type natriuretic peptide']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3', 'Fgfr3', 'FGFR3']

entities_list: @entity5884 :: ('MESH:D000130', 'Disease') :: ['ACH', 'achondroplasia']

entities_list: @entity31738 :: ('MESH:D008468', 'Chemical') :: ['meclozine']

answer: @entity5884 :: (MESH:D000130,Disease) :: ['Achondroplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe clinical manifestations, laboratory findings and outcome of @entity2883 with @entity2883 (GPA) in pediatric @entity1 living in two regions (Southern and Central) of Poland. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 hospital records from four large hospitals during a period from 1995 to 2013. @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of GPA according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and EULAR/PRINTO/PRES criteria for GPA were analyzed. All @entity1 were subjected to clinical, laboratory, radiological and immunological assessment. RESULTS: During this 18-year period only 9 @entity1 with confirmed diagnosis of GPA (6 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) were identified. The average age of the disease onset was 12 years (range: 8-16 years). Average delay between first symptoms and diagnosis was approx. 20 months (range: 0-84 months). Organ system involvement at presentation included: kidneys 88.8% (8/9), lungs 77.7% (7/9), ear/nose/ throat 55.5% (5/9), gastrointestinal tract 55.5% (5/9), skin 44.4% (4/9), joints 22.2% (2/9), eyes 11.1% (1/9) and nervous system 11.1% (1/9). In 5 @entity1 disease course was progressive (constant progression of @entity1244 in one case, @entity454 in two, @entity740 stage IV in one and one @entity1 died due to @entity548 ). CONCLUSION: The majority of our @entity1 were females. Clinical features of pediatric GPA were similar to those described in adults. None of our @entity1 developed @entity5142 and in only 2 @entity1 saddle-nose deformity was observed. Although GPA was treated according to contemporary standards care, disease progression was observed in more than a half of @entity1 .

title: Clinical manifestation of pediatric @entity2883 with XXXX - the experience of two regions in Poland.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity2883 :: ('MESH:D014890', 'Disease') :: ['polyangiitis', 'granulomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5142 :: ('MESH:D007829', 'Disease') :: ['subglottic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2883 :: (MESH:D014890,Disease) :: ['polyangiitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To build mathematical models for evaluating the individual risk of @entity1478 in @entity1 with @entity548 and a thick endometrium using clinical data, sonographic endometrial thickness and power Doppler ultrasound findings. METHODS: A total of 117 @entity1 underwent transvaginal two-dimensional gray-scale and power Doppler ultrasound examination of the endometrium before getting endometrial biopsy. Inclusion criteria were @entity548 and a thick endometrium greater than 5mm. The ultrasound image showing the most vascularized section through the endometrium as assessed by power Doppler was frozen to estimate endometrial thickness and features. The vascularity index was calculated using computer software. A structured history was taken to collect clinical information. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to create mathematical models to predict @entity1478 . RESULTS: There were 31 (26.4%) malignant and 86 (74.6%) benign endometria    @entity1 with a malignant endometrium were older (median age 61 vs 56years, P=0.036) and had a thicker endometrium (median thickness 18.8mm vs 12.5; P=0.002) and higher values for vascularity index. When using only clinical data to build a model for estimating the risk of @entity1478 , a model including the variables age had the largest area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC), with a value of 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.79). A model including age and endometrial thickness had an AUC of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.50-0.96), and one including age, endometrial thickness and vascularity index had an AUC of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.62-0.97). Using a risk cut-off of 12%, the latter model had sensitivity 89%, specificity 74%, positive likelihood ratio 3.42 and negative likelihood ratio 0.14. DISCUSSION: @entity548 is a frequent cause of consultation in gynecological particularly in peri- or post-menopausal period. They are the main alarm sign of @entity1204 . Vaginal ultrasound has become the "gold standard" in the initial exploration. It is a powerful tool to estimate the individual risk of @entity5 in symptomatic postmenopausal @entity1 in order to optimize the management. The diagnostic performance of models predicting @entity1204 increases substantially when sonographic and power Doppler information are added to clinical variables. This model seems to be clinically useful but need to be prospectively validated.

title: [Value of ultrasonography to predict the @entity1204 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal bleeding', 'Postmenopausal bleeding', 'post-menopausal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial malignancy']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['postmenopausal bleeding']


abstract: Four temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the A7 strain of @entity3597 ( @entity3598 ) have been isolated. All mutants were defective in RNA synthesis at the restrictive temperature (39 degrees C) compared to the permissive temperature (30 degrees C). Since the body temperature of @entity19 fluctuates between 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C, multiplication was also examined at 37 degrees C; only the multiplication of @entity71030 was restricted. After intraperitoneal infection of 8-day pregnant @entity19 , the wild-type induced rapid abortion. @entity71030 and ts26 had no effect on embryonic development. Litters born to @entity71030 -infected mothers developed no postnatal immunity whereas 50% of litters from ts26-infected mothers were immune. Unlike the wild-type, @entity71031 induced the same or higher virus titres in placental tissue in most @entity19 than in foetal tissue. Ts22 and @entity71031 induced a range of development defects, including @entity1167 , mummification, @entity204 . Most surviving offspring were immune. Although @entity71030 induced no viraemia, @entity71031 , ts22 and ts26 induced a lower titre but longer lasting viraemia than the wild-type. It is concluded that infections of pregnant @entity19 with @entity71031 and ts22 in particular are good models for analysis of the mechanism of virus-induced @entity245 .

title: Isolation and preliminary characterization of XXXX mutants with altered pathogenicity for @entity19 embryos.

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental defects']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['developmental arrest']

entities_list: @entity3597 :: ('11033', 'Species') :: ['Semliki Forest virus']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['abortion and postnatal death']

answer: @entity3597 :: (11033,Species) :: ['Semliki Forest virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1252 is highly associated with premature @entity731 and cardiovascular events. The origin of this subclinical @entity731 has been attributed mainly to the inflammatory nature of the disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of long-term use of glucocorticoids on cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with @entity1252 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a registry-based retrospective cohort study. We determined 2 periods: (1) Time 0, that is, time of diagnosis and (2) time 1, that is, when the study was finalized. At both times, the cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the Framingham scale and their scores were compared. Afterward, the change magnitude between the 2 times was evaluated and associated with the cumulative glucocorticoids dose. RESULTS: One hundred one @entity1 were included. The mean    SD age was 26.5    5 years. Length of disease evolution was of 7.8    4.9 years. There was an 8-point increase in the Framingham score, from -8.1    4 to 0.8    7; P < 0.0001. The correlation between the magnitude of the increase in Framingham score and their corresponding cumulative dose showed a coefficient of 0.88; P < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The glucocorticoids are a primary factor that influences cardiovascular risk. There is a directly proportional relationship between the cumulative glucocorticoid dose and the increase in cardiovascular risk.

title: Impact of Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment on Cardiovascular Risk Profile in XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate and compare the period prevalences and incidences of optic disc @entity548 in normal tension @entity726 and primary @entity1538 . DESIGN: Hospital-based retrospective study. @entity1 : Four hundred and four @entity1 with normal tension @entity726 and 210 @entity1 with primary @entity1538 that underwent consecutive disc examinations at least quarterly for at least 1 year and stereoscopic optic disc photographs at intervals of 6 to 12 months between 1992 and 2007. METHODS: The period prevalence of disc @entity548 , gender predominance among @entity1 with disc @entity548 , and cumulative incidence of normal tension @entity726 and primary @entity1538 were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Period prevalence, cumulative incidence, and gender predominance of DHs in @entity1 with NTG and @entity725 . RESULTS: Three hundred and eighty-seven @entity1 (387 eyes) of normal tension @entity726 @entity1 and 205 @entity1 (205 eyes) of primary @entity1538 @entity1 were finally enrolled in the study. The period prevalence and incidence rates of the stereoscopic optic disc photograph-confirmed glaucomatous disc @entity548 were 33.3% (129/387), 0.46    0.18 times/year in the normal tension @entity726 group, and 17.6% (36/205), 0.34    0.23 times/year in the primary @entity1538 group, respectively. The absolute values and ratios of primary @entity1538 and normal tension @entity726 in period prevalences and incidence rates in the present study were higher than in previous studies. No significant difference in gender ratios was found between @entity1 that did or did not develop disc @entity548 for both types of @entity1538 (P > 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The primary @entity1538 group had higher period prevalences and incidence rates of disc @entity548 than those reported previously. Disc @entity548 were found to develop independent of gender.

title: Period prevalence and incidence of optic disc XXXX in normal tension @entity726 and primary @entity1538 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage', 'haemorrhages']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['haemorrhage']


abstract: The application of a weight overload to the humerus of @entity1573 induces a @entity1184 of @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) muscle fibers. This growth is accompanied by a rapid and almost complete replacement of one slow-tonic @entity71033 isoform, @entity71034 , by another slow-tonic isoform, @entity71033 . In addition, a population of small fibers appears mainly in extrafascicular spaces and, concurrently, three additional @entity71033 bands are detected by gel electrophoresis. Five antibodies against @entity71033 ( @entity71033 ) isoforms were selected as immunocytochemical probes to determine the cellular location and nature of these myosins. The antibodies react with ventricular, fast skeletal muscle and either @entity71034 or @entity71033 , or both the @entity73 . The antifast and antiventricular antibodies react with @entity71033 present in the 10-day embryonic @entity1347 muscle but do not react with @entity71033 in posthatch @entity1347 muscle. The small fibers in overloaded muscle contain a @entity71033 isoform characteristically expressed during the embryonic stage of @entity1347 muscle development and therefore are named nascent myofibers. Some of the nascent myofibers do not react with the antibody to both @entity73 , indicating the lack of the normal adult slow-tonic myosins which are expressed in 10-day embryos. In order to explore the origin of the nascent fibers, an electron microscopic study was performed. Stereological analysis of the existing fibers shows a stimulation of numbers and sizes of satellite cells. In addition, the volume occupied by nonmuscle and undifferentiated cells increases dramatically. Myotube formation with incipient myofibrils is seen in extrafascicular spaces. These data suggest that new muscle fiber formation accompanies @entity1184 in overloaded @entity1573 @entity1347 muscle and the process may involve satellite cell migration.

title: Nascent muscle fiber appearance in overloaded XXXX slow-tonic muscle.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior latissimus dorsi', 'ALD']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow-tonic MHCs']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['chickens', 'chicken']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chicken']