abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9038 is a hypnosedative structurally unrelated to the @entity1245 but operating at the same receptor complex. Although @entity9038 has been used in clinical practice for many years, relatively little is known of its relative @entity137 in comparison with other hypnosedatives. METHOD: Deaths, where hypnosedatives were implicated, in New Zealand (NZ) in 2001 were identified from a @entity130 database. Prescription and aggregate @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ) data forNZ in 2001 were obtained from a national prescribing database. Rates of @entity204 per prescription and @entity2794 , and relative rates between individual hypnosedatives and @entity1245 , and their respective 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 200 @entity204 in NZ for 2001, 39 involved hypnosedatives, and @entity9038 was involved in 12. Hypnosedatives were the sole agents in only one @entity204 and were the primary agents in eight deaths. @entity9038 was the sixth most commonly involved agent in @entity204 in NZ in 2001. The relative rate of @entity204 per prescription (95% CI) and @entity2794 (95% CI) of @entity9038 compared with @entity1245 were 1.04 (0.49-2.05) and 0.59 (0.28-1.16), respectively. The relative rates of @entity204 per @entity2794 (95% CI) for @entity1401 and @entity34022 compared with the other sedatives/anxiolytics were 6.2 (1.6-17.0) and 20.9 (2.5-79.8) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The fatal @entity137 for @entity9038 was not significantly different from that for @entity1245 as a group when adjusted for usage, whereas @entity1401 and @entity34022 had greater @entity137 . Hypnosedatives are contributory factors rather than primary substances in @entity204 .

title: Comparison of the fatal @entity137 index of XXXX with @entity1245 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9038 :: ('MESH:C515050', 'Chemical') :: ['Zopiclone', 'zopiclone']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity1401 :: ('MESH:D000525', 'Chemical') :: ['alprazolam']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['defined daily dose', 'DDD']

entities_list: @entity34022 :: ('MESH:D002719', 'Chemical') :: ['chlormethiazole']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning deaths', 'death']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chemical injury']

answer: @entity9038 :: (MESH:C515050,Chemical) :: ['zopiclone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of @entity420 of the nose and paranasal sinuses over the last 15 years. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of 20 @entity1 identified and treated at the otolaryngology clinic of Zurich University Hospital between 1992 and 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Recurrence- and disease-free survival were the most important outcomes of interest. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 (16 @entity1 ) with sinonasal @entity420 were found. The average age was 64 years. At the time of diagnosis, usually more than one sinus was involved and nasal obstruction was the most common symptom. In 57.9% of @entity1 , the initial treatment was endoscopic surgery. Two-year recurrence-free survival was 48.5%, and 5-year disease-specific survival was 77.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is difficult owing to anatomic restraints, and adjuvant therapy must be considered in most @entity1 . Endoscopic surgery was performed in a majority of @entity1 , with outcomes comparable to those in the general literature. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity420 of the paranasal sinuses was found to have almost 80% 5-year survival if adequately treated surgically and with adjuvant intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

title: XXXX and paranasal sinuses: single-institution review of diagnosis, histology, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Adenocarcinoma of the nasal cavity']


abstract: In this study, we analyzed the reliability and usefulness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of T-cell receptor ( @entity6057 )gamma gene monoclonal rearrangement. We first tested for the specificity and sensitivity of this strategy, against the classical criteria of Southern blot analysis (SBA). Of the 27 samples tested, results agreed in all but two. Broader analysis of these cases demonstrated the high specificity (absence of false positives) of the PCR strategy, together with its limited sensitivity (10% of false negatives). The usefulness of this PCR approach was then tested on a panel of 28 biopsy specimens of @entity2617 . Monoclonal @entity6057 gamma rearrangement was detected in seven of eight cases of early stage @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ), one of two @entity14041 ( @entity14041 ) cases, two of two non- @entity4888 @entity784 , and two of three @entity8548 . Monoclonality was not detected in any of the 11 benign cases ( @entity20956 and @entity32 ). Results obtained with this new molecular strategy provide additional support for the hypothesis of a monoclonal origin for most early stage T-cell @entity4888 . They also suggest the heterogeneous nature of some @entity8548 . Therefore, due to the difficulty in detecting T-cell monoclonality by immunohistochemical techniques, PCR can be a useful alternative strategy to SBA. It could also be used as a complementary technique in the routine diagnosis of T-cell cutaneous infiltrates.

title: Value of PCR detection of XXXX gamma gene rearrangement in the diagnosis of @entity2617 .

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory dermatosis']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity20956 :: ('MESH:D010267', 'Disease') :: ['parapsoriasis']

entities_list: @entity14041 :: ('MESH:D012751', 'Disease') :: ['SS', 'Sezary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8548 :: ('MESH:D017731', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatoid papulosis lesions', 'lymphomatoid papulosis']

answer: @entity6057 :: (6962,Gene) :: ['TCR']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Air pollution exposure has been linked to @entity73 , but little is known about biomarkers modifying this association. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) control gene expression and neuronal programming. miRNA levels vary due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes processing miRNAs from precursor molecules. OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether SNPs in miRNA-processing genes are associated with cognition and modify the relationship between black @entity505 (BC), marker of traffic-related pollution, and cognitive functions. METHODS: 533 Normative Aging Study @entity1 (mean  SD 72  7years) were tested  <=4 times (mean=1.7 times) using seven cognitive tests between 1995 and 2007. We tested interactions of 16 miRNA-related SNPs with 1-year average BC from a validated land-use-regression model. We used covariate-adjusted logistic regression for low ( <=25) Mini-Mental tate Examination (MMSE) and mixed-effect regression for a global cognitive score combining six other tests. RESULTS: Global cognition was negatively associated with the homozygous minor variant of @entity70793 @entity21178 (-0.42SD; 95%CI: (-0.71, -0.13)) relative to the major variant. BC-MMSE association was stronger in heterozygous carriers of @entity11778 @entity10405 (OR=1.99; 95%CI: (1.39, 2.85)) and minor variant carriers of @entity58556 @entity70794 (OR=1.34; 95%CI: (1.05, 1.7)), compared to their major variant. The BC-global-cognition association was stronger in heterozygous carriers of @entity58556 @entity60721 (-0.10SD; 95%CI: (-0.18, -0.02)), and @entity58556 @entity70795 (-0.09SD; 95%CI: (-0.17, -0.02)) relative to the major variant. Blood miRNA expression analyses showed associations only of @entity10405 @entity11778 with miR-9 and @entity26365 . CONCLUSIONS: Carriers of particular miRNA-processing SNPs had higher susceptibility to BC in BC-cognition associations, possibly due to influences on miRNA expression.

title: Long-term exposure to black XXXX , cognition and single nucleotide polymorphisms in microRNA processing genes in older @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired cognitive aging']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of @entity66104 ( @entity66104 ) and the changes of intracellular free @entity460 and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with @entity75 ( @entity75 ), and to investigate the intervention effects of Shenfu injection. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity35 were randomly assigned to three groups: control, @entity63 ( @entity63 ) and Shenfu-treated. Each group (n=50) was subdivided into 5 groups sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 72 hours. @entity35 models of @entity75 were prepared according to the @entity579 's method. @entity35 in the control group only underwent the separation of right common carotidartery. Shenfu injection was administered by intraperitoneal injections right after @entity63 insults and then once daily at a dosage of 10 mL/kg for 3 days in the Shenfu-treated group. The expression of @entity66104 in the cerebral cortex was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The free @entity460 concentrations were determined under a fluorescent microscope. The apoptosis rate was measured by the flow cytometry. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the expression levels of @entity66104 in the @entity63 and the Shenfu-treated groups were obviously up-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression levels of @entity66104 in the Shenfu-treated group were notably higher than those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05) at all time points. The concentrations of intracellular free @entity460 and the apoptosis rate of neurons in the cerebral cortex in the Shenfu-treated group were significantly reduced compared with those in the @entity63 group (P<0.05), but increased significantly compared with those in the control group at all time points (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Shenfu injection may have neuroprotective effects against @entity75 by up-regulation of @entity66104 expression and relief of @entity460 overload.

title: [Effects of Shenfu injection on XXXX expression and neuronal apoptosis in the cerebral cortex of neonatal @entity35 with @entity75 ].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemia', 'HI']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic-ischemic brain damage', 'HIBD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity66104 :: (64202(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['calreticulin']


abstract: 538 @entity375 strains were isolated from dark chestnut soil collected from under the plants of the legume family (Fabaceae). The greatest number of microorganisms is found at soil depth 10-20cm. Among the 538 strains of @entity375 77 (14.3%) strains demonstrated the ability to synthesize @entity6207 . 15 strains were attributed to high @entity6207 -producing @entity375 (above 10 g/ml). The most active strains were YA05 with 51.7  2.1 g/ml of @entity6207 and YR07 with 45.3  1.5 g/ml. In the study of effect of incubation time on @entity6207 production the maximum accumulation of @entity6207 coincided with maximum rates of biomass: at 120h for YR07 and at 144h for strain YA05. @entity6207 production increased when medium was supplemented with the @entity9484 . 400 g/ml of @entity9484 showed maximum @entity6207 production. 10 strains demonstrated the ability to inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic fungi. YA05 and YR07 strains formed the largest zones of inhibition compared to the other strains - from 21.6  0.3 to 30.6  0.5mm. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed for YA05 against Phytophtora infestans and YR07 strains against @entity12069 . YA05 and YR07 strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans YA05 (GenBank accession No JF160955) and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa YR07 (GenBank accession No JF160956).

title: Plant growth-promoting and antifungal activity of XXXX from dark chestnut soil.

entities_list: @entity12069 :: ('5518', 'Species') :: ['Fusarium graminearum']

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['l-tryptophan']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeasts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity1068 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity8426 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity1 ) with symptomatic benign @entity8426 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity158 perceived by the @entity1 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity285 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity1 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity1 experienced virtually no @entity158 , 43  % mild @entity158 and 17  % moderate @entity158 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity1 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity1 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity1 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity1068 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity8426 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, @entity158 perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous @entity1068 injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8426 :: ('MESH:D013966', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cysts']

answer: @entity8426 :: (MESH:D013966,Disease) :: ['thyroid cysts']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity14481 is classified as the 3rd leading cause of @entity204 worldwide and is deemed to be a preventable cause of @entity204 . Bodies retrieved from a water medium pose several challenges to the forensic pathologist with the diagnosis of drowning being primarily one of exclusion. The aim of this study was to do a retrospective descriptive case audit of bodies retrieved from water and immersion related @entity204 , which were investigated at the Pretoria Medico-Legal Laboratory (PMLL) over a 10 year period (January 2002 through December 2011). A total of 346 cases were identified for inclusion into this study. In 6% (20) of these cases, the @entity204 was not related to drowning; in 14% (48) no clear cause of @entity204 could be ascertained and in 278 cases (80%) the cause of @entity204 was considered to have been due to drowning. @entity1 (under 1 year, of age) constituted 41 (15%) of the cases; toddlers (aged 1-2 years) comprised 52 (19%) cases; @entity1 (aged 2-13 years) 49 (18%) cases; adolescents (aged 13-18 years) comprised 10 (3%) cases; adults (above 18, years) made up 126 (45%) of the cases. The majority of the drownings, occurred in swimming pools [125 cases (38%)]. In @entity1 23 (56%) of, drownings occurred in swimming pools followed by buckets [7 cases (17%)]. Sixty-nine per cent of toddler drownings (36 cases) occurred in swimming, pools. In the adult population, 40 (32%) of cases occurred in pools and 35 cases (28%) in rivers. Positive blood alcohol results were recorded in 48, (42%) out of 113 cases where the test was requested, 40 (35%) of these, cases higher than 0.05  g per 100  ml. This study suggests that many @entity204 in Pretoria may be preventable by introducing greater public awareness of the risks and instituting relatively simple, protective measures.

title: XXXX in Pretoria, South Africa: A 10-year review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['drowning deaths', 'accidental deaths', 'death', 'deaths']

answer: @entity14481 :: (MESH:D004332,Disease) :: ['Drowning']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity1261 ( @entity1261 ) injection in lower adipose tissue-containing sites (arms and legs) would result in a lower exposure and reduced stem cell collection efficiency compared with injection into abdominal skin. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We completed a prospective randomized study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of different injection sites for @entity1 with multiple @entity1582 or @entity706 undergoing stem cell mobilization and apheresis. Primary endpoints were the number of @entity2280 + cells collected and the number of days of apheresis. Forty @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive cytokine injections in their abdomen (Group A) or extremities (Group B). Randomization was stratified based on diagnosis ( @entity1582 , n=29 vs. @entity706 , n=11), age, and mobilization strategy and balanced across demographic factors and body mass index. RESULTS: Thirty-five subjects were evaluable for the primary endpoint: 18 in Group A and 17 in Group B. One evaluable subject in each group failed to collect a minimum dose of at least 2.0*10(6) @entity2280 + cells/kg. The mean numbers of @entity2280 + cells (  SD) collected were not different between Groups A and B (9.15*10(6)  4.7*10(6) /kg vs. 9.85*10(6)   5*10(6) /kg, respectively; p=NS) after a median of 2 days of apheresis. Adverse events were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The site of @entity1261 administration does not affect the number of @entity2280 + cells collected by apheresis or the duration of apheresis needed to reach the target cell dose.

title: A randomized clinical trial comparing XXXX administration sites for mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells for @entity1 with hematologic malignancies undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor', 'G-CSF']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

answer: @entity1261 :: (1440,Gene) :: ['granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor']


abstract: @entity101 is the most important risk factor for @entity64 and @entity1294 . Antihypertensive treatment reduces @entity64 risk by 40%. Most probably, all antihypertensive drugs are equally effective with the exception of alpha blockers. One study showed superiority of an @entity2178 antagonist versus beta blocker in @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity4346 . Blood pressure is increased in many @entity1 with @entity64 . In this phase, sudden drops in blood pressure should be avoided. All guidelines concerning antihypertensive treatment in @entity64 are not based on evidence. For secondary prevention, the combination of an @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitor and diuretic reduced @entity64 by 28% after @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or a first @entity64 . Whether this is a drug-specific effect or due to lowering blood pressure per se is investigated at the moment. Antihypertensive treatment can reduce the incidence of @entity1294 and @entity73 .

title: [Cerebrovascular sequelae of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin- converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin (AT) II']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity378 ( @entity378 ), the single most frequent infectious cause of @entity204 worldwide, also is a major cause of @entity1143 , which in @entity378 usually has lymphocytic and exudative characteristics. Differential diagnosis between @entity378 and nontuberculous @entity1143 can be sometimes difficult, representing a critically important clinical problem. METHODS: We studied 46 @entity1 presenting with @entity1143 to the National Sanyo Hospital between April 2000 and January 2001 (34 @entity1 and 12 @entity1 ; mean age, 64 years). Ten @entity1 (22%) had @entity3254 , 19 @entity1 (41%) had malignant @entity5641 , and 17 @entity1 (37%) had @entity1143 due to an etiology other than @entity378 or @entity5 . Pleural fluid concentrations of four suggested markers were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: The pleural fluid levels (mean +/- SE) of @entity859 deaminase (83.3 +/- 18.2 U/L vs 25.8 +/- 20.4 U/L, p < 0.0001), @entity379 (137 +/- 230 IU/mL vs 0.41 +/- 0.05 IU/mL, p < 0.0001), immunosuppressive acidic protein (741 +/- 213 micro g/mL vs 445 +/- 180 micro g/mL, p < 0.001) and soluble interleukin 2 receptor (7,618 +/- 3,662 U/mL vs 2,222 +/- 1,027 U/mL, p < 0.0001) were significantly higher for @entity5641 than for other causes of effusion. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated that pleural fluid content INF-gamma was the best indicator of @entity3254 among four relevant biological markers. CONCLUSIONS: INF-gamma in pleural fluid is the most sensitive and specific among four biological markers for @entity5641 . Thus, our results suggest that determination of INF-gamma at the onset of @entity1143 is informative for the diagnosis of @entity5641 . Further studies including larger numbers of @entity1 are needed to verify this result.

title: Diagnostic significance of XXXX in tuberculous @entity1143 .

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleuritis', 'pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberculosis', 'tuberculosis', 'TB']

entities_list: @entity3254 :: ('MESH:D014396', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculous pleurisy']

answer: @entity379 :: (3458,Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity3 were treated with a combination of @entity16418 and @entity4316 . @entity1 with adequate bone marrow reserve received @entity16418 100 mg/m2 orally on day 1 and @entity4316 0.3 mg/m2/day intravenously for five days. Both drugs were repeated every four weeks. @entity1 with inadequate bone marrow reserve received @entity16418 75 mg/m2 and @entity4316 0.2 mg/m2/day for five days. All @entity1 had received prior chemotherapy and had progressive disease at the start of the study. There was one complete response in a @entity1 with peritoneal @entity2615 which lasted 18 months and the @entity1 is still alive at 38+ months. Ten @entity1 had stable disease including three @entity1 who had responses between 25% to 50%. No responses were seen in 18 @entity1 . The median time to progression for @entity1 with stable disease was five months and for those with progressive disease was two months (P = 0.001). The median survival for @entity1 with stable disease was 20 months compared with three months for @entity1 with progressive disease (P = 0.001). The combination was generally very well tolerated and myelosuppression was insignificant. However, with the dosages and schedule used in this study, the combination of @entity16418 and @entity4316 does not appear to have significant activity in advanced soft tissue @entity242 . Further studies with this combination are indicated in @entity1 with @entity2615 .

title: A phase II evaluation of @entity16418 and XXXX in the treatment of advanced @entity242 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['actinomycin D']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity16418 :: ('MESH:D012673', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl CCNU']

answer: @entity4316 :: (MESH:D003609,Chemical) :: ['actinomycin D']


abstract: As an alternative approach to the study of hippocampal function in relation to behavior, the averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals (SCH), the alveus and the contralateral hippocampus were recorded at various depths in the hippocampal @entity1249 region of freely moving @entity35 with chronically implanted electrodes. Significant correlations between AEPs, behavior and EEG were found. At one end of the continuum of AEPs were those recorded during @entity3457 ( @entity3457 ), an EEG pattern associated with slow-wave sleep or awake-immobility. These AEPs had large early peak and low-amplitude late peaks. At the order end of the continuum, during high frequency theta EEG associated with behaviors such as walking, postural change or phasic paradoxical sleep. AEPs had a smaller early peak, increased later peak(s) and appeared oscillatory. The evoked population spike, a synchronous postsynaptic firing of @entity1249 neurons, was smaller during behaviors associated with theta than during those associated with @entity3457 . It is postulated that a recurrent inhibitory circuit within the hippocampus can account for the change of the AEPs with EEG and behavior and with stimulus intensity. During theta EEG, the negative feedback may increase such that the evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potential and the evoked population spike decrease and ascillatory response is more readily elecited. The excitability state of hippocampal @entity1249 may be described by the negative feedback gain in this model.

title: Behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal @entity1249 region of the XXXX . I. Correlation with behavior and EEG.

entities_list: @entity3457 :: ('OMIM:612348', 'Disease') :: ['large irregular activity', 'LIA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ) diagnosed in @entity1 with @entity308 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included a cross-sectional analysis, and was an extension of the Thai Study of @entity1316 (THAISAD) project. Eighty-five outpatients with @entity308 were interviewed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Inventory to assess for @entity308 , in accordance with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, Text Revision and using the Thai version of the Structured Clinical Interview for @entity1314 to assess for @entity1726 . RESULTS: Seventy-seven percent of the @entity1 had at least one @entity1726 , 40% had one @entity1726 and 60% had two or more @entity1314 (mixed cluster). The most common @entity1314 found were borderline @entity1726 (20%) and @entity3119 (10.6%), while the occurrence of avoidant @entity1726 was low when compared to the findings of previous, related studies. Among the mixed cluster, cluster A combined with cluster C was the common mix. Both @entity14256 and double @entity308 were found to have a higher proportion of @entity1314 than @entity308 (85.7% versus 76.1%). Dependent @entity1726 was found to be less common in this study than in previous studies, including those carried out in Asia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity1314 among those with @entity308 varied, and only borderline @entity1726 seems to be consistently high within and across cultures. Mixed cluster plays a prominent role in @entity308 , so more attention should be paid to @entity1 in this category.

title: Comorbid XXXX among @entity1 with @entity308 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depressive disorder', 'depression', 'major depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity14256 :: ('MESH:D019263', 'Disease') :: ['dysthymic disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['Affective Disorder']

entities_list: @entity1314 :: ('MESH:D010554', 'Disease') :: ['PDs', 'personality disorders']

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['obsessive-compulsive PD']

answer: @entity1314 :: (MESH:D010554,Disease) :: ['personality disorders']


abstract: A programme for the control of @entity7736 caused by @entity8072 in @entity291 was launched in 1970 and continued until 1985. The animals were subjected to helminth-control treatment and preventive measures were taken in the herds. The anti-fasciolics Bilevon M and to some extent also Bromsalan pulv. were administered by the veterinary service on the basis of state subsidies in 1973 to 1979. The preparation Helmisan (Spofa) has been in use since 1980; its production is subsidized by the agricultural enterprises. In the period from 1972 ot 1979, up to 213 thousand helminth-control treatments (both therapeutic and preventive) were performed every year in the @entity291 . All treatments reduced the occurrence of @entity8072 and pathological changes in the liver of the killed @entity291 (from 5.8% recorded in 1971 to 0.9 in 1980, on an national average). As a result, 29 districts are free from @entity7736 although the disease originally occurred in all districts of the Czech Socialist Republic. After ten years of purposeful use of antifasciolics, the findings were free from living flukes and the @entity291 only showed pathological changes after the action of @entity8072 . Since 1980 the extensity of the findings of @entity8072 in slaughtered @entity291 has ranged within one percent, though living flukes have recently occurred again in the liver of certain animals. In the enzootically affected regions and districts of the Czech Socialist Republic the @entity7736 control programme succeeded in reducing the number of invaded @entity291 herds.

title: [Control of XXXX in heifers in Czechoslovakia 1970-1985].

entities_list: @entity7736 :: ('MESH:D005211', 'Disease') :: ['fascioliasis']

entities_list: @entity8072 :: ('6192', 'Species') :: ['Fasciola hepatica', 'F. hepatica']

answer: @entity7736 :: (MESH:D005211,Disease) :: ['fascioliasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown that as @entity1 age, distress decreases despite an increase in prevalence of medical comorbidity. This could be due to increased use of psychotropic medications with comorbidity. We tested this hypothesis in older adults. METHODS: Information from medical records of older adults (65 to 99  years of age) in the following groups was collected: @entity1 with @entity0 (n   =   2359), @entity1 without any @entity5 diagnosis (n   =   27,161), @entity1 with @entity263 (n   =   2686), and @entity1 without any @entity5 diagnosis (n   =   21,014). We collected fills of antidepressant or sedative medications, diagnosis of @entity308 in the year of @entity5 diagnosis, and Charlson Comorbidity Index from the year before @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity0 were more likely to fill psychotropic prescriptions (both ps   <   0.02) or be diagnosed with @entity308 (p   <   0.001) than @entity1 without @entity5 . @entity1 with @entity263 were more likely to fill these prescriptions or receive a diagnosis of @entity308 than @entity1 without @entity5 (ps   <   0.05). Charlson was related to increased odds of filling both types of medication in @entity1 with @entity0 and @entity1 with @entity263 (ps   <   0.001). Comorbidity was related to greater odds of receiving a @entity308 diagnosis in @entity1 with @entity263 (p   <   0.001) but not @entity1 with @entity0 (p   >   0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with @entity0 are more likely to fill psychotropic medication prescriptions and receive a @entity308 diagnosis than those without @entity5 . Comorbidity increased the likelihood of medication fills in older adults with @entity5 . As this population experiences polypharmacy, nonpharmacologic treatments for @entity308 may need to be considered.

title: Medical comorbidity and psychotropic medication fills in older adults with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast or prostate cancer', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast or prostate cancer']


abstract: Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays essential signaling and structural roles required for the proper function of @entity299 . Cardiac valves initially form as jelly-like cushions, which must adapt to withstand the increased circulation hemodynamics associated with fetal development and birth. This increased biomechanical stability of the developing valves is largely imparted by ECM proteins, which form a highly organized fibrous meshwork. Since @entity340 contribute to most congenital @entity299 , understanding valve development will provide insight into the pathogenesis of various @entity154 . Thus, the goal of this study is to describe the spatiotemporal deposition of fibrous ECM proteins during cardiac valve development. @entity1573 embryonic and fetal @entity340 were examined by light, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our data demonstrate that fibrous ECM proteins are deposited when the leaflets are adopting an elongated and compacted phenotype. A general pattern of increased fibrotic ECM deposition was detected in valve tissues. Also, each ECM protein examined displayed a unique pattern of organization, suggesting that regulation of fibrous @entity1131 is complex and likely involves both genetic and mechanical factors. In addition, the TEM study revealed the presence of membrane protrusions from @entity340 , indicating a potential mechanism for mechanical force transduction.

title: Expression and deposition of fibrous extracellular matrix proteins in @entity299 during XXXX development.

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital valve anomalies']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deposition']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart diseases', 'cardiac valves']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['heart valve defects', 'atrioventricular and semilunar valves', 'valvular endocardium']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: Study Objectives: This post hoc analysis evaluated the time to response that can be expected with sodium oxybate (SXB) for treatment of @entity25 and @entity2725 in @entity1 with @entity2724 . Methods: Data were from a 4-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial ( @entity9091 ; N = 136) of oral SXB 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g nightly, and its 12-month open-label extension ( @entity7510 ). Two response definitions were utilized: >= 20% improvement in ESS score ( @entity25 responders), and >= 50% reduction in weekly @entity2725 attacks ( @entity2725 responders). These thresholds were previously determined to be clinically relevant based on analysis of the relationship of Clinical Global Impression of Change with ESS and number of @entity2725 attacks. Kaplan-Meier curves and median times to first response, based on above criteria, and to maximum response were estimated. Results: Among 86 @entity1 randomized to SXB in @entity9091 and continued into @entity7510 , 77.6% and 90.7% were @entity25 and @entity2725 responders, respectively. The median (95% CI) times to first response were 37 (31-50) days for @entity25 and 25 (17-29) days for @entity2725 , and median times to maximum response were 106 (85-164) days for @entity25 and 213 (94-279) days for @entity2725 . @entity7510 results among 31 @entity1 initially randomized to placebo were consistent with those treated with SXB throughout, but with longer times to maximum response. Conclusions: Response onset, assessed as clinically meaningful improvements in @entity25 and @entity2725 , was observed in most @entity1 within 2 months; a longer period is needed to achieve maximum response. Clinicians should recognize that time to initial and maximum response may take weeks to months.

title: Time to Response with Sodium Oxybate for the Treatment of @entity25 ( @entity25 ) and Cataplexy in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2725 :: ('MESH:D002385', 'Disease') :: ['cataplexy']

entities_list: @entity2724 :: ('MESH:D009290', 'Disease') :: ['narcolepsy']

answer: @entity2724 :: (MESH:D009290,Disease) :: ['Narcolepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize a single institution experience with management of @entity5578 during an 18-year time period, report long-term survival rates, and identify prognostic factors. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: Studied were 141 @entity1 treated for a @entity5578 at a single institution from 1980 to 1997 with a minimum 3-year follow-up. Gender, age, @entity2802 stage, anatomic site, pathology, treatment, and recurrence rates were reviewed. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors affecting survival. RESULTS: The male to female ratio was 1.6:1, and the median @entity1 age was 60 years. Most @entity1 presented with T3/T4 or locally advanced disease (88%), N0 status (96%), and M0 status (96%). The maxillary sinus was the most commonly affected site (70%), followed by the ethmoid sinus (26%). The most common @entity5 was @entity957 (51%), followed by @entity2347 (12%) and @entity420 (11%). Sixty-two percent of this study group underwent surgery as part of a multimodality curative treatment plan or alone as curative treatment. Eighteen @entity1 (13%) had unresectable local disease and received non-surgical palliative treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed the 5-year and 10-year disease-specific survival was 52% and 35%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed T4 stage (P =.005), N-positive stage (P =.009), and M-positive stage (P =.018) negatively impacted survival. Seventy-two @entity1 (51%) developed recurrent disease at a median time of 336 days after initial treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 with @entity5578 presented with locally advanced disease. @entity1442 stage, regional, and distant @entity3 are highly predictive of poor survival. Recurrence rate is high and typically occurs within the first year after treatment.

title: Paranasal XXXX : an 18-year single institution experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['Advanced T']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity5578 :: ('MESH:D010254', 'Disease') :: ['paranasal sinus malignancies', 'paranasal sinus malignancy']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['sinus malignancies']


abstract: Clinical observations are presented on the sensory effects of lesions of different afferent pathways of the spinal cord, correlated whenever possible with histological evidence of the location and extent of the lesions. They are based on personal cases and on significant cases in the literature, including posterior column section, other causes of damage to the posterior columns, and cases of commissural myelotomy. It is concluded that the traditional view of the effects of lesions of the posterior columns is correct, but that evidence from cases proved by postmortem examination is still needed. When the information normally supplied by the posterior columns is cut off, primary sensibility for light touch and pressure is not lost, but any kind of discrimination is disturbed. There is also a disturbance in knowledge of movement and position, @entity2055 , and clumsiness in the use of the hands. These defects greatly affect the palpatory examination of objects and, although they may appear slight on routine neurological examination, they can cause severe disturbances in the activities of daily living. For tactile modalities, a lesion of the spinothalamic complex causes minimal or no defects and a lesion of the posterior columns causes only slight defects, whereas a lesion of both pathways gives rise to total loss of tactile and pressure sensibility in the part of the body served by both pathways. This conclusion is based on 2 cases with combined commissural myelotomy and anterolateral cordotomy. The following disturbances of mechanoreception attributed to lesions of the posterior columns are discussed: lability of threshold, persistence of sensation, tactile and postural @entity1833 and temporal and @entity132 . In @entity1 , lesions of the posterior columns cause an increase in @entity158 , tickle, warmth and cold. Cases are presented with and without lesions of the posterolateral columns in conjunction with lesions of one or both anterolateral columns. As these lesions did not affect sensation and as there was no difference in the sensory state following anterolateral cordotomies with or without involvement of the posterolateral column, it is concluded that lesions of this column have no effect on sensation. Cases with lesions of the anterior two-thirds of the cord are also presented to illustrate the sensory state with only the posterior third of the cord intact. In these cases, tactile and pressure sensibility and knowledge of movement and position are normal.

title: Sensory effects in XXXX of lesions of the posterior columns and of some other afferent pathways.

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['spatial disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: Complete resolution of glomerular changes in @entity6064 of pregnancy has been reported to occur as early as 4 weeks postpartum, whereas their persistence for as long as 2 years in some instances has been noted. However, the mechanism of resolution remains obscure. Percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in 22 @entity1 between 10 and 14 days after delivery. These @entity1 fulfilled the criteria for @entity6064 of pregnancy ( @entity4 - @entity644 - @entity101 @entity1468 ). Biopsy specimens were examined, using light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Semithin sections were studied in view of greater reliability and better relation with further electron microscopic studies. A diffuse increase in mesangial cellularity and matrix was seen in all glomeruli with varying intensity, compatible with mesangium activity, more than endothelial proliferation. So-called capillary occlusions by endothelial swelling were not observed in the biopsies taken 10 days after delivery, but expulsed mesangial cytoplasm could be observed incidentally in the capillary lumen. This phenomenon may explain the wrong interpretation of paraffin sections studied by light microscopy. The presence of immunoglobulins in the glomeruli, seen by immunofluorescence, seems to be nonspecific trapping. In view of experimental studies of mesangium function in macromolecular uptake and processing, it is possible that resolution of the characteristic @entity8 in @entity6064 is promoted by mesangium activity.

title: Postpartum resolution of glomerular changes in @entity4 - XXXX - @entity101 @entity1468 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesions']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: OBJECT: The dynamics of fluid flow in normal pressure @entity1276 (NPH) are poorly understood. Normally, @entity2841 flows out of the brain through the ventricles. However, @entity67 during NPH may be caused by @entity2841 backflow into the brain through the ventricles. A previous study showed this reversal of flow; in the present study, the authors provide additional clinical data obtained in @entity1 with NPH and supplement these data with computer simulations to better understand the @entity2841 flow and ventricular wall displacement and emphasize its clinical implications. METHODS: Three NPH @entity1 and 1 @entity1 with @entity1276 underwent cine phase-contrast MR imaging (cine MR imaging) for measurement of @entity2841 flow and ventricle wall movement during the cardiac cycle. These data were compared to data previously obtained in 8 healthy volunteers. The @entity2841 flow measurements were obtained at the outlet of the aqueduct of Sylvius. Calculation of the ventricular wall movement was determined from the complete set of cine MR images obtained axially at the middle of the lateral ventricle. The data were obtained before and after @entity2841 removal with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt with an adjustable valve. To supplement the clinical data, a computational model was used to predict the transmural pressure and flow. RESULTS: In healthy volunteers, net @entity2841 aqueductal flow was 1.2 ml/minute in the craniocaudal direction. In @entity1 with NPH, the net @entity2841 flow was in the opposite direction--the caudocranial direction--before shunt placement. After shunting, the magnitude of the abnormal fluid flow decreased or reversed, with the flow resembling the normal flow patterns observed in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' MR imaging-based measurements of the @entity2841 flow direction and lateral ventricle volume size change and the results of computer modeling of fluid dynamics lead them to conclude that the directional pattern and magnitude of @entity2841 flow in @entity1 with NPH may be an indication of the disease state. This has practical implications for shunt design and understanding the mechanisms that produce @entity1276 .

title: Ventricle wall movements and cerebrospinal fluid flow in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus', 'aqueductal stenosis']

answer: @entity1276 :: (MESH:D006849,Disease) :: ['hydrocephalus']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity599 mustard (SM) is a chemical warfare agent that, upon topical application, damages skin and reaches internal organs through diffusion in blood. Two major toxic consequences of SM exposure are @entity32 , associated with oxidative stress, and the formation of alkylated DNA bases. In the present study, we investigated the impact of exposure to SM on DNA repair, using two different functional DNA repair assays which provide information on several Base Excision Repair (BER) and Excision/Synthesis Repair (ESR) activities. BER activities were reduced in all organs as early as 4h after exposure, with the exception of the defense systems against @entity25469 and @entity3625 which were stimulated. Interestingly, the resulting BER intermediates could activate @entity32 signals, aggravating the @entity32 triggered by SM exposure and leading to increased oxidative stress. ESR activities were found to be mostly inhibited in skin, brain and kidneys. In contrast, in the lung there was a general increase in ESR activities. In summary, exposure to SM leads to a significant decrease in DNA repair in most organs, concomitant with the formation of DNA damage. These synergistic genotoxic effects are likely to participate in the high @entity137 of this alkylating agent. Lungs, possibly better equipped with repair enzymes to handle exogenous exposure, are the exception.

title: Impact of topical application of XXXX mustard on mice skin and distant organs DNA repair enzyme signature.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbances, such as @entity11755 ( @entity11755 ) and excessive @entity25 , are more common in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) than in the general population. Apart from that, their relation to @entity191 seems to diverge considerably. Our aim was to explore the frequency and associated motor- and non-motor features of @entity25 in @entity191 . METHODS: One hundred and seven @entity1 with @entity191 , 65 @entity1 and 42 @entity1 , were included in a cross-sectional study. Excessive @entity25 was examined by the @entity25 scale. Probable @entity11755 (pRBD) was diagnosed by the validated @entity11755 screening questionnaire. Further sleep symptoms were explored by the @entity191 sleep scale. Motor- and non-motor symptoms were assessed and compared in @entity1 with and without pRBD and excessive @entity25 , respectively. RESULTS: pRBD was present in 38% and excessive @entity25 was present in 29% of the @entity1 . As opposed to excessive @entity25 , pRBD showed no association to disease duration or severity. @entity191 @entity1 with pRBD reported more @entity73 . There was a trend towards more @entity5433 in @entity1 with pRBD. @entity2183 and @entity1949 were the most frequent general @entity25 reported by the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that excessive @entity25 is related to disease duration, and possibly caused by progressive @entity179 . pRBD seems to be a distinct feature present in only a proportion of @entity191 @entity1 .

title: Clinical features associated with XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['sleep fragmentation']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive problems']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity11755 :: ('MESH:D020187', 'Disease') :: ['REM sleep behavior disorder', 'RBD']

entities_list: @entity5433 :: ('MESH:C563939', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['daytime sleepiness', 'Epworth sleepiness', 'sleep problems', 'sleep related symptoms']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbances']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity925 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity925 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity1024 ( @entity143 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity158 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity158 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity158 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity158 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity158 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity1286 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min), @entity680 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity3652 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity158 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity1363 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity1009 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity1286 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity680 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity3652 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity680 and @entity3652 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity158 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity680 and @entity3652 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity158 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity680 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity3652 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity3652 also reduced the size of the @entity158 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity158 was also lower when @entity3652 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity925 induced in @entity1 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity925 by @entity1286 , @entity680 and XXXX in healthy volunteers.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['Alfentanil', 'alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'referred pain', 'pain', 'local pain']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain', 'Muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: The level of atmospheric @entity26 , a driver of free @entity16 and tumorigenesis, decreases sharply with rising elevation. To understand whether ambient @entity26 plays a role in @entity1 @entity105 , we characterized age-adjusted @entity5 incidence (compiled by the National @entity5 Institute from 2005 to 2009) across counties of the elevation-varying Western United States and compared trends displayed by @entity5 (lung) and @entity5 (breast, colorectal, and prostate). To adjust for important demographic and @entity5 -risk factors, 8-12 covariates were considered for each @entity5 . We produced regression models that captured known risks. Models demonstrated that elevation is strongly, negatively associated with @entity2 incidence (p < 10(-16)), but not with the incidence of @entity5 . For every 1,000 m rise in elevation, @entity2 incidence decreased by 7.23 99% CI [5.18-9.29] cases per 100,000 individuals, equivalent to 12.7% of the mean incidence, 56.8. As a predictor of @entity2 incidence, elevation was second only to smoking prevalence in terms of significance and effect size. Furthermore, no evidence of ecological fallacy or of confounding arising from evaluated factors was detected: the @entity2 association was robust to varying regression models, county stratification, and population subgrouping; additionally seven environmental correlates of elevation, such as exposure to sunlight and fine particulate matter, could not capture the association. Overall, our findings suggest the presence of an inhaled carcinogen inherently and inversely tied to elevation, offering epidemiological support for @entity26 -driven tumorigenesis. Finally, highlighting the need to consider elevation in studies of @entity2 , we demonstrated that previously reported inverse @entity2 associations with radon and UVB became insignificant after accounting for elevation.

title: XXXX incidence decreases with elevation: evidence for @entity26 as an inhaled carcinogen.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory cancer', 'cancer', 'non-respiratory cancers', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['radical damage']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 20,000 responders have been examined through the World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program since September 11, 2001. Studies on WTC firefighters have shown elevated rates of @entity370 . The main objective of this study was to report the incidence of "sarcoid like" @entity358 in other WTC responders. METHODS: Cases of sarcoid like @entity358 were identified by: @entity1 self-report, physician report and ICD-9 codes. Each case was evaluated by three pulmonologists using the ACCESS criteria and only "definite" cases are reported. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were classified as "definite" cases. Six-year incidence was 192/100,000. The peak annual incidence of 54 per 100,000 @entity1 -years occurred between 9/11/2003 and 9/11/2004. Incidence in black responders was nearly double that of white responders. Low FVC was the most common spirometric abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoid like @entity358 is present among the WTC responders. While the incidence is lower than that reported among firefighters, it is higher than expected.

title: "Sarcoid like" XXXX in World Trade Center disaster responders.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity358 :: (MESH:D008171,Disease) :: ['granulomatous pulmonary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Epidural catheters placed for perioperative @entity1337 in young @entity1 confer clinical benefits but are technically challenging to insert. Approximations of the skin to epidural space depth in this population are limited to direct needle measurement and ultrasonography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most comprehensive imaging modality of the spine. This study aims to produce a more clinically useful formula from MRI data to estimate pediatric @entity92 . METHODS: Seventy @entity1 with normal lumbar spine MR images were enrolled. After @entity92 , linear regression was used to estimate a weight-based formula. Analysis of variance and bootstrap methods were used to evaluate this formula against 4 commonly cited formulae. The quality of predictions was evaluated using the mean absolute prediction error. RESULTS: The estimated weight-based formula as derived by MRI data is given by: skin to @entity92 (mm) = 9.00 + 0.62 * weight in kilograms. The mean absolute prediction error was 2.56 mm (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.12-3.04) for the new formula. Additional derived formulae are skin to dorsal dura depth (mm) = 13.52 + 0.71 * weight in kilograms (mean absolute prediction error, 2.48 mm; 95% CI, 2.00-3.03) and skin to ventral dural depth (mm) = 23.08 + 0.86 * weight in kilograms (mean absolute prediction error, 2.50 mm; 95% CI, 2.04-3.06). CONCLUSIONS: We provide the first predictive formulae, based on MRI data, for pediatric @entity92 estimation.

title: Evaluation of the skin to epidural and subarachnoid space distance in young XXXX using magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['determination of epidural depth', 'epidural depth']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: INRODUCTION: The @entity23845 ( @entity23845 ), or @entity23845 , is a rare and @entity5 that affects the jaw. @entity23845 can be divided into 2 clinico-topographic variants: Intraosseous (central) or Extraosseous (peripheral), with an incidence of 94% and 6%, respectively. The @entity5 have a predilection for the mandible, and most @entity5 arise in the molar and premolar region of the mandible. When present, extraosseous @entity5 are often located in the anterior jaw and involve the gingiva. PURPOSE: In this article we present a unique rare variety of @entity23845 of mandible with both intraosseous _ extraosseous presentation and also locally @entity146 behavior. CASE REPORT: A 35 year old @entity1 presented with @entity23845 ( @entity23845 ) of mandible with both intraosseous and extraosseous variant in a single lesion, extending from right premolar region to the left molar region. DISCUSSION: @entity23845 is an uncommon @entity5 accounting for less than 1% of all @entity5 . Although @entity23845 is considered less @entity146 clinically than typical infiltrating @entity1567 , but our case is a rarity which was @entity146 and also rapidly progressive in short duration, with intra and extraosseous presentation. Hence it was managed surgically similar to a @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Presentation of two different variants of an @entity5 in a single lesion and @entity146 behavior of rather slow growing @entity5 , mimicking @entity5 definitely shows possibility of rare variations in different magnitude. Hence proper diagnosis for management with better prognosis of these kinds of @entity5 is very much essential.

title: Peripheral and central @entity146 form of XXXX of mandible - A rare case report.

entities_list: @entity1567 :: ('MESH:D000564', 'Disease') :: ['ameloblastoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lesion', 'odontogenic tumors', 'tumor', 'benign odontogenic neoplasm', 'odontogenic tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors', 'intraosseous tumors']

entities_list: @entity23845 :: ('MESH:C537961', 'Disease') :: ['Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor', 'CEOT', 'calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor', 'Pindborg tumor']

answer: @entity23845 :: (MESH:C537961,Disease) :: ['Pindborg tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: New or worsening @entity79 in @entity1 responding to treatment, known as the flare phenomenon is well described on @entity32621 bone scintigraphy, but to our knowledge has not previously been described on CT. The appearance of new or worsening @entity79 on CT in @entity1 with @entity263 may therefore be erroneously classified as disease progression. PURPOSE: To assess the incidence of @entity446 flare response at 3-month CT assessment in @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 and to identify associated features that enable differentiation from progressive metastatic @entity79 at 3 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: CT scans of 67 @entity1 with castrate-resistant @entity263 undergoing treatment were reviewed by a radiologist blinded to clinical outcome. Changes in number, size, and density of metastatic @entity79 were documented and Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) in soft tissue lesions, alkaline phosphatase, @entity1486 , and @entity32621 bone scans were used for correlation. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity1 who had 3- and 6-month follow-up, eight @entity1 (21%) demonstrated an increase in number, size, or density of @entity75 on the 3-month CT scan despite improvement in PSA and soft tissue lesions. Three out of eight @entity1 (8%) maintained partial response/remained stable at follow-up and were defined as showing a flare response: in this group bone metastases evident on CT showed a qualitative and quantitative increase in density and no lesions faded at 3 months. In contrast, in all @entity1 who progressed at 3 months by PSA/RECIST criteria (n = 8) @entity79 showed a mixed pattern with some lesions increasing and others decreasing in density. CONCLUSION: The incidence of flare response of metastatic @entity79 evident at 3-month post-treatment CT in @entity1 with @entity263 undergoing systemic treatment is 8%. In @entity1 with falling PSA and stable/responding soft tissue disease at 3 months an increase in @entity79 in the absence of fading bone metastases can be interpreted as flare and is likely to represent a response.

title: The CT flare response of metastatic @entity79 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['sclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'bone sclerosis', 'bone disease']

entities_list: @entity446 :: ('MESH:C563468', 'Disease') :: ['osteoblastic healing']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypotheses that reduction of @entity2228 and blocking of the @entity1024 receptor channel complex would be beneficial for both @entity410 reduction and developmental progress in @entity1 with @entity13702 . METHODS: We administered @entity10555 (at doses of 500 to 750 mg/kg/day) and @entity14031 (at doses of 3.5 to 22.5 mg/kg/day) to four @entity1 with @entity13702 with follow-up of 3 months to 6 years. RESULTS: @entity10555 reduced to normal the @entity2228 concentration in plasma and substantially reduced but did not normalize the @entity2228 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid. @entity14031 was a potent anticonvulsant in some but not all @entity1 . There was remarkable interpatient variability in @entity14031 metabolism. Three @entity1 are living (ages ranging from 4 to 6 years) and are moderately to severely developmentally delayed; two are free of @entity410 . The third @entity1 , with the slowest development, had intractable @entity410 for nearly a month before diagnosis, and although @entity410 -free for 30 months, now has @entity3173 . One @entity1 died of intractable @entity410 at 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: These outcomes suggest that @entity10555 and @entity14031 are not uniformly effective in @entity13702 , but for some @entity1 they improve arousal, decrease or eliminate @entity410 , and allow for some developmental progress. Trials with additional @entity1 and other receptor channel blockers are warranted.

title: Long-term use of high-dose @entity10555 and @entity14031 for the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextromethorphan', 'dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity3173 :: ('MESH:D004830', 'Disease') :: ['grand-mal seizures']

entities_list: @entity13702 :: ('MESH:D020158', 'Disease') :: ['nonketotic hyperglycinemia']

entities_list: @entity10555 :: ('MESH:D001565', 'Chemical') :: ['benzoate', 'Benzoate']

answer: @entity13702 :: (MESH:D020158,Disease) :: ['nonketotic hyperglycinemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of @entity5190 800 mg three times a day, @entity486 600 mg twice a day, and a combination of @entity486 400 mg twice a day and @entity485 400 mg twice a day, when administered with two @entity2353 analogues. DESIGN: A randomized, open-labelled, controlled trial. Two hundred and eighty-four @entity1 started randomized treatment. The primary end-point was the proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (Roche Amplicor) and @entity645 RNA of 20 copies/ml or less (Roche ultradirect assay) at 6 months. Analysis was performed as intent-to-treat, and missing values were accounted for as failures. RESULTS: As of 1 May 1998, 269 @entity1 should have completed 24 weeks of treatment. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less was 71% ( @entity5190 ), 67% ( @entity486 ), and 82% ( @entity486 + @entity485 ), P = 0.07. In antiretroviral drug-naive @entity1 (n = 119), the corresponding figures were 63, 57, and 89% (P < 0.01), whereas among drug-experienced @entity1 (n = 165) 77, 74, and 77% had @entity645 RNA of 200 copies/ml or less (P = 0.90). The same pattern was observed in the ultradirect analysis. All three regimens were generally safe, but significantly more @entity1 in the @entity486 group (37%) stopped treatment because of adverse drug reactions compared with the @entity5190 group (8%) and the @entity486 plus @entity485 group (16%) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity485 plus @entity486 in combination with two @entity2353 analogues is generally safe, and has superior short-term antiviral efficacy compared with @entity5190 and @entity486 also combined with two @entity2353 analogues in antiretroviral drug-naive @entity1 . Further follow-up is needed to determine the durability of the viral response.

title: Combination therapy containing XXXX plus @entity485 has superior short-term antiretroviral efficacy: a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity2353 :: ('CHEBI:33838', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside']

entities_list: @entity5190 :: ('MESH:D019469', 'Chemical') :: ['indinavir']

entities_list: @entity485 :: ('MESH:D019258', 'Chemical') :: ['saquinavir']

entities_list: @entity486 :: ('MESH:D019438', 'Chemical') :: ['ritonavir']

answer: @entity486 :: (MESH:D019438,Chemical) :: ['ritonavir']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the frequency of features of age-related @entity1020 in a black population based on fundus photograph gradings. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Barbados, West Indies. STUDY POPULATION: Residents of Barbados, selected by a random sample of Barbados-born citizens, aged 40 to 84 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gradings from 30 degrees stereoscopic macular photographs. RESULTS: Black @entity1 (n = 3444) completed examinations at the study site and had gradable macular photographs in both eyes. Drusen larger than 63 microns occurred with comparable frequency in @entity1 and @entity1 . The frequency of small drusen decreased with age, while medium and large drusen were more common in older @entity1 . Frequencies of all age-related @entity1020 -related characteristics were similar for @entity1 and @entity1 except for small drusen, which occurred more commonly in @entity1 . @entity2118 also increased significantly with age. Exudative features occurred in 0.5% of the @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides population-based data on the frequency of features of age-related @entity1020 based on photographic gradings of a black population. Features of early age-related @entity1020 were common, but appeared at a lower frequency than has been reported for white populations. Exudative disease was infrequent, occurring in about one of 200 @entity1 .

title: Features of age-related XXXX in a black population. The Barbados Eye Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2118 :: ('MESH:D010859', 'Disease') :: ['Confluent drusen and pigment atrophy']

answer: @entity1020 :: (MESH:D008268,Disease) :: ['macular degeneration']


abstract: In the oral cavity, @entity32 has been observed at various stages of oral @entity957 (OSCC). Such @entity32 could result from persistent mucosal or epithelial cell colonization by microorganisms. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of oral bacteria in @entity32 , warranting further studies on the association of bacteria with the progression of OSCC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the saliva of subjects with OSCC. Using 454 parallel DNA sequencing,    58,000 PCR amplicons that span the V4-V5 hypervariable region of rRNAs from five subjects were sequenced. Members of eight phyla (divisions) of bacteria were detected. The majority of classified sequences belonged to the phyla Firmicutes (45%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). Further, 52 different genera containing approximately 860 (16.51%) known species were identified and 1077 (67%) sequences belonging to various @entity7696 or unclassified groups. The species diversity estimates obtained with abundance-based coverage estimators and Chao1 were greater than published analyses of other microbial profiles from the oral cavity. Fifteen unique phylotypes were present in all three OSCC subjects.

title: Microbial diversity in saliva of oral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity7696 :: ('77133', 'Species') :: ['uncultured bacteria']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In our exploratory studies, we associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes with the efficacy and @entity137 of sunitinib in @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). OBJECTIVE: To see whether previously reported associations of SNPs with sunitinib-induced @entity137 and efficacy in @entity1358 can be confirmed in a large cohort of @entity1 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The @entity1358 @entity1 treated with sunitinib and a DNA sample available were pooled from three exploratory studies conducted in the United States, Spain, and the Netherlands. A total of 22 SNPs and 6 haplotypes in 10 candidate genes related to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of sunitinib were selected for association testing. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: SNPs and haplotypes were tested for associations with @entity137 , dose reductions, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and best objective response. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 333 @entity1 were included. We confirmed 2 of the 22 previously reported SNP associations. The presence of @entity5396 *1 was associated with dose reductions (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-4.0, p=0.039). The presence of @entity49139 in the @entity1262 haplotype was associated with an increased PFS (hazard ratio: 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6; p<0.001) and remained significant after Bonferroni correction. These associations are consistent with prior observations. CONCLUSIONS: The confirmation of previously reported associations between polymorphisms in @entity5396 and @entity1262 with sunitinib @entity137 and efficacy, respectively, indicates that genotyping of these genetic variants will be useful for guiding sunitinib treatment. A prospective validation study is needed to confirm our findings on @entity1262 and @entity5396 genetic polymorphisms. @entity1 SUMMARY: We confirmed that variants in genes involved in processing sunitinib through the body have an effect on sunitinib treatment outcome. These findings confirm the potential of testing for these genetic variants to improve individual @entity1 care for @entity1 with @entity1358 treated with sunitinib.

title: @entity5396 and @entity1262 polymorphisms as predictors for sunitinib outcome in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENT', 'patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['mRCC', 'metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: @entity453 rarely occurs after blunt @entity764 , but it can lead to extensive @entity583 and be frequently overlooked. A 16-yr-old @entity1 was presented with @entity1032 and rapid respiration rate. He ran into guard rail while riding a motorcycle. In routine examination, his electrocardiogram showed Q wave and 2 mm ST segment elevation in all precordial leads, I and aVL. The cardiac enzymes were also elevated: @entity908 kinase (CK)-MB was 300 U/L, and cardiac specific troponin I was 5.7 ng/mL. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed anteroseptal @entity910 with severely depressed left ventricular function, ejection fraction of 28%. He could not receive any anticoagulation or thrombolytic therapy because of his @entity75 . Three weeks later, his mental state improved. A diagnostic coronary angiogram revealed @entity432 in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD) with collaterals from the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. We successfully performed a percutaneous coronary intervention for the @entity7244 , and the final angiogram showed a good coronary flow without residual stenosis.

title: A case of acute @entity583 after blunt @entity764 in a young XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['comatose mental state']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesion']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity7244 :: ('MESH:D020765', 'Disease') :: ['LAD lesion']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest trauma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['total occlusion']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['Coronary artery injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: The clinical, laboratory and pathologic findings were studied in 62 consecutively autopsied @entity1 with @entity1582 between 1954 and 1975. All @entity1 were 40 years of age or older. Bone @entity158 was the initial symptom in 2/3 of @entity1 . @entity417 (81%), @entity882 (29%), @entity2629 (41%), @entity2741 (46%) and @entity5052 (52%), were common laboratory findings at diagnosis. Ninety-seven percent had a monoclonal protein in serum or urine. Extensive plasma cell replacement of marrow was invariably seen at autopsy although in 15% of @entity1 no abnormality was found on skeletal survey. Extraskeletal spread (67%) was due to direct extension to paraosseous tissue resulting from cortical destruction and to distant organ involvement mainly of splenic red pulp and hepatic sinusoids. The @entity1 were susceptible to @entity2348 , mainly gram-negative, of the lung (56%), urinary tract (35%), and blood (24%). @entity364 was less frequent and usually consisted of superficial candidal overgrowth of gastrointestinal tract @entity1066 (18%). @entity2783 (10%) was perivascular and associated with light chain @entity644 . @entity177 as a cause of @entity204 (21%) was secondary only to @entity281 (52%). Severity of histologic findings in the kidney at autopsy had little correlation to initial BUN concentration. The median survival was 11.5 months with alkylating agent therapy (responders, 29 months; non-responders, 6 months), and 6 months with @entity4774 . Initial @entity2629 (greater than 80 mg/dl) and @entity2741 (greater than 12 mg/dl) were important prognostic indicators (median survival, less than 1 month and 3 months, respectively). A good response to alkylating agent therapy, initial BUN less than 40 mg/dl and serum @entity460 less than 12 mg/dl were favorable to prognostic indicators.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study of 62 consecutively autopsied cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity2741 :: ('MESH:D006934', 'Disease') :: ['hypercalcemia']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['Amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerations']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['Multiple myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity7375 associated with cutaneous @entity320 (MM) and non-pigmented nodular @entity3 after a 10-year recurrence-free interval. METHODS: Case report with long-term follow-up of 11 years. Ocular examinations included best-corrected visual acuity (ETDRS charts), fundus photography, @entity941 angiography, and computer-assisted perimetry. In addition, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed. RESULTS: A 48-year-old white female @entity1 developed @entity7375 5 years after she had undergone surgical treatment of a superficial spreading @entity320 on her back in 1991. The first symptoms were @entity3067 followed by growth of non-pigmented hair after 8 months. In our clinic, she presented 18 months later with cells and opacification in the vitreous, a macular and @entity3171 and @entity194 of the @entity989 ( @entity989 ). The anterior segment showed endothelial precipitates of the @entity267 , and a progressive secondary @entity231 . Fluorescein angiography detected a bilateral @entity1103 and the optic disc, and focal leakage in the @entity989 level. During follow-up the @entity1 developed more cutaneous signs, such as @entity1694 and @entity10244 . A non-pigmented lymph node MM @entity3 was diagnosed after a 10-year disease-free interval. HLA typing was positive for @entity1529 *01, @entity1529 *24, @entity1530 *08, @entity1530 *39, @entity1533 *03, and @entity1533 *11. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the described ocular findings of @entity7375 may represent a component of a syndrome consisting also of @entity320 -associated @entity4182 . Within the framework of current concepts of immunity in @entity1 with MM and VKH, the long recurrence-free interval might support the hypothesis of an autoimmune or @entity56 process against melanocytes. The use of immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of VKH and its potential influence on the development of @entity3 should be carefully reconsidered.

title: @entity7375 associated with XXXX : an 11-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7375 :: ('MESH:D014607', 'Disease') :: ['VKH disease', 'Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinal pigment epithelium', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['edema of the macula']

entities_list: @entity1694 :: ('MESH:D014820', 'Disease') :: ['vitiligo-like depigmentation']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alopecia']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease', 'metastasis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['pigmented malignant melanoma', 'melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3171 :: ('MESH:C531767', 'Disease') :: ['optic disc edema']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous malignant melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity27242 ( @entity27242 ) and its binding partner, the receptor @entity669 kinase @entity14029 , are important mediators in experimental @entity1310 . The authors tested whether the @entity27242 / @entity14029 signaling pathway participates in @entity1 @entity8 . METHODS: The authors compared 26 @entity1 renal specimens from @entity1 with @entity1310 , acute diffuse immune complex @entity631 , acute @entity1988 , antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody--associated @entity631 , acute transplant rejection, and normal renal tissue. Because reactive @entity26 species are pivotal in @entity32 , the authors tested whether the @entity14029 / @entity27242 expression is influenced by @entity1110 oxidase in vitro. RESULTS: @entity27242 and @entity14029 immunofluorescence was barely detectable in normal kidney. However, in disease @entity14029 was copiously expressed in the small vessel media, glomeruli, distal tubules, and collecting ducts. Similarly, @entity27242 was upregulated in the small vessel intima and media, all segments of the renal tubules, the brush border, and glomeruli. @entity27242 and @entity14029 upregulation was a prominent but nonspecific finding in these @entity8 . Cultured @entity35 vascular smooth muscle cells and immortalized @entity1 mesangial cells were stimulated with angiotensin (Ang) II (1 x 10(-7) mol/L) for 6 or 18 hours. Confocal microscopy and Western blot showed Ang II-dependent @entity27242 and @entity14029 expression. An antisense probe against the @entity9822 phox unit of @entity1110 -oxidase suppressed Ang II-induced @entity27242 and @entity14029 expression. In addition, in @entity1114 phox knockout cells Ang II-induced @entity27242 and @entity14029 expression were blocked. CONCLUSION: @entity27242 / @entity14029 signaling is involved in @entity1 @entity8 . The Ang II-induced @entity27242 and @entity14029 expression may be dependent on @entity1110 -oxidase. @entity27242 and @entity14029 are important signaling molecules in @entity1 @entity8 and may be potential therapeutic targets.

title: Growth arrest specific protein 6/ @entity14029 signaling in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephritis', 'nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity27242 :: ('2621', 'Gene') :: ['Growth arrest-specific gene 6', 'GAS6', 'Gas6']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['inflammatory renal diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study operative mortality and long-term survival following emergency operations for @entity1028 . DESIGN: Retrospective survey in a university hospital. MATERIALS: Two hundred and twenty-seven @entity1 with median age 72 years, (17% @entity1 ). METHODS: Founded on data from the Norwegian Registrar's Office, operative mortality and long-term survival was estimated using the life-table method. Expected survival for demographically matched subgroups was calculated from death rate tables issued by the Norwegian Central Bureau of Statistics. RESULTS: Operative mortality was 41% for the 175 @entity1 with @entity1756 and 17% for the 52 with imminent @entity397 . The 6-year survival rate was 61% for all the successfully operated @entity1 , and not different from that of a demographically matched population. For the @entity1 of 72 years or older the 6-year survival rate was 53%. This was equal to that of an age and sex matched population. The younger @entity1 had an observed 6-year survival rate of 64%, which was significantly lower than the expected of 84%. The standard mortality rate for this group was 2.25. No statistically significant difference in long-term survival was detected between the two age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Age at the time of the operation for a symptomatic @entity1028 does not seem to influence long-term survival. Consequently, younger @entity1 experience a higher relative mortality compared to the older.

title: The influence of age on operative mortality and long-term relative survival following emergency XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm operations']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of acellular @entity291 pericardium grafts (Normal GEN  ) used as scaffolds for conjunctival reconstruction. METHOD: The acellular @entity291 pericardium graft and the amnion graft were implanted into the bulbar conjunctival defects of adult @entity95 . Conjunctival samples of implanted materials and @entity154 controls were observed at day 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 56 postoperatively. Histological examination was observed at day 14, 28, and 56 of surgery, including @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining, periodic acid-Schiff staining, and Masson's trichrome staining, while immunofluorescent microscopy was observed at 14  days and 28  days after surgery. Results were compared among the Normal GEN  , amnion, and @entity154 controls. RESULTS: All three groups showed complete conjunctival reconstruction. Wounds that were not grafted closed by formation of conjunctival scar characterized by a linear array of densely packed collagen fibers in Tenon's capsule. Subepithelial tissue in the grafted groups comprised a loosely organized network of randomly oriented collagen that resembled that of the normal bulbar conjunctiva. However, there was a dense layer of aligned collagen between the conjunctival Tenon's capsule and the sclera in the NormalGEN   group, about 250   m in thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the NormalGEN   graft promoted the formation of conjunctiva as a kind of scaffold both in structure and in function. It had more advantageous mechanical properties than the amnion, strong and elastic, during the period of conjunctival reconstruction.

title: Conjunctival structural and functional reconstruction using acellular @entity291 pericardium graft (Normal GEN  ) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['blank defect']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: 1. The effects of the K+ channel opener @entity6335 and the @entity5140 -containing @entity141 and @entity3529 channel blocker @entity72754 were tested in @entity235 cardiac Purkinje tissue. 2. Both drugs shortened action potential duration (APD). For @entity72754 (0.1-1.0 mmol/L), the reductions in APD were statistically significant at the 25% level of repolarization (APD25) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6), at the 50% level of repolarization (APD50) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6) and at the 90% level of repolarization (APD90) for 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6). In contrast, @entity6335 (0.05-0.1 mmol/L) significantly shortened APD at all levels of repolarizations, with the APD50 and APD90 reduced most significantly (P < 0.01, n = 6) for higher concentrations of the drug (0.07-0.1 mmol/L). Both drugs significantly reduced the force of contraction. 3. @entity6335 (10 experiments) was more potent in suppressing @entity66783 -induced @entity943 than @entity72754 (three of seven experiments). @entity72754 reduced APD even further in the presence of @entity6335 . 4. Although @entity72754 and @entity6335 modulate different ion channels, it appears APD shortening may be a necessary, but insufficient, factor for the suppression of @entity66783 -induced @entity943 .

title: Role of action potential shortening in the prevention of XXXX in @entity235 cardiac tissue.

entities_list: @entity6335 :: ('MESH:D003981', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazoxide', 'diazoxide']

entities_list: @entity72754 :: ('MESH:C005704', 'Chemical') :: ['Salicylaldoxime', 'salicylaldoxime']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity66783 :: ('MESH:D013327', 'Chemical') :: ['strophanthidin']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: Free flap surgical procedures are technically challenging, and @entity254 failure may lead to arterial or @entity432 and flap @entity39 . To improve myocutaneous flap survival rates, more reliable methods to detect @entity63 are needed. On the basis of theoretical considerations, @entity544 tension, reflecting intracellular @entity520 , may be suitable indicators of @entity63 . It was hypothesized that tissue @entity544 tension increased rapidly when metabolism became anaerobic and would be correlated with acute venoarterial differences in @entity880 levels, @entity972 levels, and acid-base parameters. Because @entity209 have been observed to be less pronounced in flaps with @entity432 , it was hypothesized that tissue @entity544 tension and venoarterial differences in @entity880 and @entity972 levels and acid-base parameters would increase less during @entity432 than during @entity432 . In 14 @entity1707 , latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps were surgically isolated, exposed to acute @entity63 for 150 minutes with complete @entity432 (seven subjects) or @entity432 (seven subjects), and reperfused for 30 minutes. After @entity432 , pedicle blood flow decreased immediately to less than 10 percent of baseline flow. Blood flow decreased more slowly after @entity432 but within 3 minutes reached almost the same low levels as observed during @entity432 . Venous @entity26 saturation decreased from approximately 70 percent to approximately 20 percent, whereas @entity26 uptake was almost arrested. Tissue @entity544 tension increased to two times baseline values in both groups (p < 0.01). The venoarterial differences in @entity544 tension, pH, base excess, @entity413 levels, @entity880 levels, and @entity972 levels increased significantly (p < 0.01). Tissue @entity544 tension measured during the occlusion period were closely correlated with venoarterial differences in pH, base excess, @entity413 levels, @entity880 levels, and @entity972 levels (median r2, 0.67 to 0.92). After termination of arterial or @entity432 , more pronounced @entity450 was observed in the @entity432 group than in the @entity432 group (p < 0.05). @entity26 uptake (p < 0.05) and venoarterial differences in @entity880 and @entity972 levels (p < 0.05) were significantly more pronounced in the @entity432 group. In the @entity432 group, with less pronounced @entity450 , venoarterial differences in acid-base parameters remained significantly different from baseline values before occlusion (p < 0.01). The data indicate that tissue @entity544 tension can be used to detect anaerobic metabolism, caused by arterial or @entity432 , in myocutaneous flaps. The correlations between @entity544 tension and venoarterial differences in acid-base parameters were excellent. Because @entity544 tension can be measured continuously in real time, such measurements are more likely to represent a clinically useful parameter than are venoarterial differences.

title: Tissue XXXX tension: a putative specific indicator of @entity63 in porcine latissimus dorsi flaps.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['early ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['venous occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']