abstract: AIMS: To ascertain if a relationship between @entity995 ( @entity996 ) and @entity876 proteins exists in sporadic @entity14 . METHODS: Fifty consecutive colectomy specimens for @entity14 in @entity1 over the age of 50 and with no family history of @entity5 in the bowel were examined for immunoexpression of @entity996 and @entity876 proteins. These findings were then related to clinicopathological findings. Commercially available monoclonal antibodies to @entity996 and @entity876 were used on @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded tissue. RESULTS: The most intense @entity996 immunoexpression was detected in well-differentiated, @entity5 . On the other hand, @entity876 expression was most intense in poorly differentiated, @entity5 . No statistically significant associations were noted with immunoexpression and age, gender or site of lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that there is an inverse relationship between @entity996 and @entity876 protein expression in a proportion of sporadic @entity14 . Twelve @entity5 which showed low levels of @entity996 showed high levels of @entity876 protein. Similarly, seven @entity5 with high @entity996 levels displayed low @entity876 expression. In terms of immunohistochemical profile, @entity876 -high/ @entity996 -low @entity5 tended to be poorly differentiated and have advanced stage @entity5 .

title: XXXX and @entity876 protein expression in sporadic @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'low-stage cancers', 'advanced-stage carcinomas', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal cancer', 'colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity995 :: (MESH:D012175,Disease) :: ['Retinoblastoma']


abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is a new, noninvasive approach for imaging the cardiovascular system. Being a three-dimensional technique, NMR imaging has the capability of measuring volumes without the need for assumptions regarding ventricular geometry. In this study, the technique was validated in 19 excised @entity235 hearts, filled with @entity1346 -rubber, imaged using a multislice spin-echo sequence. The volume of the cavity in each slice was calculated from the number of pixels outlined for each slice multiplied by the pixel volume. Ventricular volumes measured by NMR imaging were highly correlated with cast volumes measured by water displacement: right ventricle (RV):RVNMR = 1.05 RVcast - 1.62; r = 0.99, SEE = 0.96 ml; left ventricle (LV):LVNMR = 0.98 LVcast + 0.35, r = 0.98, SEE = 1.48 ml. After validation in casts, NMR imaging volumes were measured in eight living @entity235 using a multiphasic gated technique to obtain images at 5, 105, 205, 305 and 405 ms after the QRS complex. Cardiac output (CO) and @entity64 volume (SV) measured by NMR imaging were significantly correlated with thermodilution (TD) measurements (CONMR = 0.63 COTD + 0.51 liters/min; r = 0.78, SEE = 0.57 liters/min; SVNMR = 0.67 SVTD + 1.95 ml; SEE = 5.58 ml). Right and left @entity64 volumes were closely related (LVSVNMR = 0.9 RVSVNMR + 1.75; r = 0.94, SEE = 4.32 ml), with the slope and intercept of the regression line showing no difference from 1 and 0, respectively. However, volumes determined by NMR imaging underestimated the thermodilution measurements, presumably reflecting the inability to obtain a true systolic image with the present sampling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of ventricular volumes in the XXXX by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay has been intensively studied and recommended by major guidelines for treatment decision in early @entity0 . Its impact in adjuvant chemotherapy selection for Chinese population has not been revealed.The prospective part of this study enrolled consecutive node-negative, @entity5282 -positive @entity1 who underwent 21-gene RS testing at Breast Surgery Department of PUMCH (n=134) between May 2012 and August 2013(21-gene RS group). Risk categories were assigned based on the RS and on standard clinicopathologic criteria according to St. Gallen and Adjuvant! Online. The chemotherapy selection and the oncologists' confidence in decision-making before and after RS testing were recorded. The retrospective part of this study compared the chemotherapy decision in the 21-gene RS group and a  control group without RS testing (diagnosed between Jan 2011 and Apr 2012,n=170). A total of 304 @entity1 were included in the analysis (134 21-gene RS group, 170 controls). Based on RS, 97 @entity1 were classified as low risk, 29 @entity1 as intermediate risk, and 8 @entity1 as high risk. @entity5 grade (P=0.002), PR expression (P<0.001) and Ki-67 index (P<0.001) were significantly different between the 3 risk cohorts.Comparing the St. Gallen guidelines and RS, there was a  41% concordance between risk groups. By using Adjuvant! Online, the correlation between the predicted BCSM and RS was nominal (r=0.10). A  total of 29% 21-gene RS group @entity1 changed their treatment decisions after RS testing (P<0.001, 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.49) with 6% (8/134) @entity1 changing to receive chemotherapy besides endocrine therapy and 23% (31/134) changing to reject chemotherapy. After RS testing, more than one half of the oncologists increased their confidence level in treatment recommendation. In the control group, 67.6% (115/170) @entity1 chose chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy. The chemotherapy percentage was much higher than that of 21-gene RS group (30/134, 22%).This is the first study to demonstrate a  reduction in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity1 with node-negative @entity5282 -positive @entity0 , based on use of the RS. The RS had an impact on the physicians' treatment decision-making.

title: Impact of the 21-Gene Recurrence Score Assay in adjuvant chemotherapy selection for node-negative, XXXX -positive @entity0 in the Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity5282 :: (3164,Gene) :: ['hormone receptor']


abstract: To elucidate a possible involvement of @entity842 in the development of a mesangial proliferative @entity631 induced by anti- @entity5399 antibody administration, glomerular expression of three isoforms of @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ), @entity3623 ( @entity3623 ), brain @entity3623 , and endothelial @entity3623 , was examined at both mRNA and protein levels by ribonuclease protection assay and immunofluorescence microscopy. Light microscopy showed an accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes at 1 hour, lysis of mesangial cells at 1 day, a @entity7622 at 4 to 10 days, and minimal residual glomerular lesions by 28 days. Ribonuclease protection assay showed that the glomerular expression of @entity3623 mRNA peaked at 1 hour and decreased thereafter. No substantial expression of @entity3623 mRNA was observed in normal glomeruli or in the nephritic glomeruli obtained at different time points (1, 4, 10, or 28 days). By immunofluorescence microscopy with a specific monoclonal antibody, an intense reaction for @entity3623 was demonstrated in a few cells in the glomeruli at 1 hour. Most of the @entity3623 -positive cells were identified as polymorphonuclear leukocytes. @entity3623 -positive cells were found less frequently in the glomeruli on days 1 and 4. @entity9554 mRNA was constitutively expressed in normal glomeruli and increased biphasically with two peaks at 1 hour and at 4 days or later; however, the peak expression was much less than that of @entity3623 mRNA at 1 hour. Expression of brain @entity3623 mRNA was not detectable in either normal or nephritic glomeruli. These results show that @entity3623 is predominantly expressed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes accumulating at 1 hour in the glomeruli of anti- @entity5399 @entity631 and suggest an involvement of NO in the @entity66 .

title: Expression and localization of inducible @entity842 synthase in anti- @entity5399 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9554 :: ('4846', 'Gene') :: ['Endothelial NOS']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['initiation of the disease']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity3623 :: ('4843', 'Gene') :: ['inducible NOS', 'NOS', 'iNOS', 'NO synthase']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferative lesion']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The median age of @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) at presentation is 71 years. We conducted an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to assess whether the presentation and outcomes of @entity1149 in younger @entity1 (age < or =40 years) are different from that in older @entity1 (age >40 years). METHODS: We obtained the demographic, clinical, and outcomes data for all @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1149 from 1988 to 2003 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. @entity1 were grouped by age at diagnosis into younger than or equal to 40 years (younger cohort) or older than 40 years (older cohort). RESULTS: During the period analyzed, we identified 2775 @entity1 with @entity1149 in the younger cohort and 236,313 @entity1 in the older cohort. Compared with the older group, the younger group had greater proportion of African Americans (19.2% versus 10.9%; p < 0.0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (10.3% versus 5.9%; p < 0.0001), @entity1 (48.7% versus 41.9%; p < 0.0001), and @entity1 with stage IV disease (57.4% versus 43.0%; p < 0.0001). @entity420 was more common in younger @entity1 than in the older @entity1 (57.5% versus 45.2%; p < 0.0001). @entity957 was less prevalent in the younger cohort than in older cohort (12.5% versus 26.4%; p < 0.0001). Five-year overall survival and cancer specific survival were significantly better for younger @entity1 than for older @entity1 across all stages. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater representation of African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, @entity1 , and @entity420 histology in the younger cohort of @entity1 with @entity1149 compared with the older cohort. Despite presenting with stage IV disease more often, the overall and cancer-specific survivals are better in younger cohort than in the older cohort.

title: Distinctive characteristics of @entity1149 ( XXXX ) in the young: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: In the @entity3449 -angiotensin system, @entity3449 is known to cleave angiotensinogen to generate @entity4689 , which is the precursor of @entity1808 . @entity1808 is a vasoactive peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure. On the other hand, the liver is the major organ responsible for the production of angiotensinogen in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). To test the hypothesis that a reduction of angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) may affect both plasma angiotensinogen and @entity1808 levels, as well as blood pressure, we intravenously injected antisense ODNs against @entity35 angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules, which serve as an important regulator of liver gene expression, into SHR via the tail vein. The SHR used in the present study were studied at 20 weeks of age and were fed a standard diet throughout the experiment. Plasma angiotensinogen, @entity1808 concentrations, and blood pressure all decreased from the next day until up to 5 days after the injection of antisense ODNs. These concentrations thereafter returned to baseline by 7 days after injection. A reduction in the level of hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA was also observed from the day after injection until 5 days after injection with antisense ODNs. However, in the SHR injected with sense ODNs, plasma angiotensinogen, @entity1808 concentrations, and blood pressure, as well as hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA, did not significantly change throughout the experimental period. Although the exact role of angiotensinogen in @entity101 still remains to be clarified, these findings showed that intravenous injection with antisense ODNs against angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules targeted to the liver could thus inhibit plasma angiotensinogen levels and, as a result, induce a decrease in blood pressure in SHR.

title: Intravenous injection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against angiotensinogen decreases blood pressure in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity4689 :: ('MESH:D000803', 'Chemical') :: ['angiotensin I']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1808 :: ('24179(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['Angiotensin II', 'angiotensin II']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity458 in nurses and to observe its correlation with negative mental health ( @entity308 , @entity148 and stress). Further to examine the role of @entity458 as a predictor of negative mental health in nurses and to explore the differences in the experience of @entity308 , @entity148 and stress between junior and senior nurses. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Public Sector Hospitals in Lahore, from December 2011 to March 2012. METHODOLOGY: Asample of 200 nurses with age range 23 to 46 years was obtained. Assessment tools used in the study were @entity458 Experience Questionnaire (SHEQ) by Kamal, and @entity308 , @entity148 and Stress Scale (DASS) by Lovibond and Lovibond. RESULTS: Mean age of the nurses was 29.80   7.10 years. Among these 63% were married and 37% unmarried. The mean working experience of nurses was 13.7   3. 52 years and their mean monthly income was 27820   13687.32 rupees. Their working hours ranged from 8 to 16 hours (M = 8.32, SD = 2.12). The mean prevalence of @entity458 was 71.66   19.01. Asignificant positive correlation of @entity458 with @entity308 , @entity148 , stress and combined effect of them (DASS) was found. Multiple regression analysis showed @entity458 as significant predictor of @entity308 (b= 0.47, p < .001), @entity148 (b= 0.43, p < .001) and stress (b= 0.45, p < .001) in nurses. CONCLUSION: Sexual harassment was found to be a predictor of negative mental health in the form of @entity308 , @entity148 and stress in nurses of public hospitals.

title: The XXXX and its Mental Health Consequences Among Nurses.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression', 'sexual harassment, depression']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Sexual Harassment', 'sexual harassment']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Trauma of Sexual Harassment']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the occurrence and characteristics of @entity1596 in @entity1 with recently diagnosed @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). DESIGN: A prospective observational case series. @entity1 /METHODS: The study covered the new cases detected with @entity4932 (426 @entity1 ), all of whom were referred to an ophthalmologic consultation during 1989 to 1996 at the Pediatric Department of the @entity627 Foundation Hospital, Heinola, Finland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The @entity1 with @entity4932 were followed by ophthalmologic and pediatric examinations two to four times a year. The type and course of @entity625 and presentation and characteristics of @entity1596 were examined prospectively. RESULTS: @entity1596 was detected in 104 of 426 @entity1 (24%). Two thirds of all @entity1 and the same proportion of those with @entity1596 were @entity1 . Proportionally, @entity1596 was found to be as common among @entity1 with @entity4932 (27%) as among those with seronegative @entity625 (25%). Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected significantly more frequently in @entity1 with @entity1596 (66%) than among those without @entity1596 (37%) (P < 0.001). The @entity1596 was asymptomatic in 99 cases; only 5 @entity1 had episodes of acute anterior symptomatic @entity1596 . @entity1596 was found before or within 3 months from the onset of recent @entity625 in 51 of 104 @entity1 (49%) and later on in 53 of 104 @entity1 (51%). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity1596 was 5.9 years (range, 1.1-17.7; median, 4.9 years). The mean period from the diagnosis of @entity4932 to the diagnosis of @entity1596 was 1.1 years (range, -2.4-6.5; median, 0.3 years). The mean age at diagnosis of @entity4932 was 4.8 years (range, 0.6-15; median, 3.2 years) among those with @entity1596 and 7.3 years (range, 0.9-16; median, 6.7 years) among those who did not have it (P < 0.001). @entity1596 was ongoing in 63 @entity1 at the end of the follow-up period. The mean follow-up time was 4.5 years (range, 0-9.7) for all @entity1 and 5.6 years (range, 1.3-9.6) for those with @entity1596 . In most instances, the visual prognosis was good. In 25 of 104 @entity1 (24%) one or more complications of @entity1596 were found, but in only three @entity1 did the visual acuity decrease to 20/60 or less, and none became blind. All the other @entity1 had visual acuity > or = 20/40. CONCLUSIONS: In this @entity1 group, @entity1596 in @entity4932 frequently appeared very early after the onset of @entity625 . The @entity1596 was significantly more common in @entity1 with an early onset of @entity625 combined with ANA positivity. The proportion of @entity1 with @entity1596 was as large in those with @entity625 as in those with @entity4932 , with no predilection to @entity1 .

title: Occurrence of @entity1596 in recently diagnosed XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatism']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis', 'polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1596 :: ('MESH:D014605', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitis', 'uveitis']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis', 'oligoarthritis', 'JCA']

answer: @entity4932 :: (MESH:D001171,Disease) :: ['juvenile chronic arthritis']


abstract: @entity1082 ) @entity1613 and results in @entity3 . @entity1 telomerase as well as inflammatory and angiogenic factors such as telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) could play a role in regulating HPV-induced @entity5 . This study investigated underlying molecular events in HPV-induced @entity5 through @entity2215 and @entity7 in vitro. Expressions of @entity2215 , and @entity7 mRNA and proteins were, respectively, assessed by qRT-PCR, ELISA, and TRAP-ELISA in @entity5 cell lines. To assess @entity2215 and @entity7 secretion, @entity2215 overexpression and knockdown were conducted in HPV-18-positive Hela cells by @entity2215 cDNA and shRNA transfection, respectively. Then, the effect of HPV E6 and E7 on @entity7 expressions was assessed in @entity5 cells. Data have shown that @entity7 expression levels are associated with @entity2215 expressions and telomerase activity in @entity5 tissues and cells. Knockdown of @entity2215 expression down-regulated @entity7 expressions, whereas overexpression of @entity2215 up-regulated @entity7 expressions in HPV-18-positive Hela cells. Furthermore, HPV E7 oncoprotein was necessary for @entity2215 to up-regulate @entity7 expressions in @entity5 cells. Data from this current study indicate that HPV oncoproteins up-regulated @entity2215 and telomerase activity and in turn promoted @entity7 expressions, which could be a key mechanism for HPV-induced @entity5 development and progression.

title: @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase regulates @entity7 expression via XXXX oncogene E7 in @entity5 cells.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['HPV-negative cervical cancer', 'HPV-positive cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer', 'HPV-positive tissue samples and cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['infection induces chronic and precancerous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2215 :: ('7015', 'Gene') :: ['hTERT', 'hTERT, a rate-limiting subunit of telomerase']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: A review of the less frequent organ damage seen in the so-called @entity4019 , and distinguishing between cryodependent and cryofavouring organ involvement, is presented in this paper. In the first group, along with the well-known renal, cutaneous and articular lesions, the @entity1897 and respiratory involvement, to date too little considered, are worthy of more accurate study. Gastroenteric and cardiac participations are rare. Among the cryofavouring manifestations of the disease, we have pointed out those affecting the liver. In our experience, however, as the immunohistochemical findings suggest, the histological patterns usually considered to be chronic persistent @entity99 are frequently an expression of a @entity706 . A noteworthy percentage of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow has been found in 22 @entity14033 after either needle puncture or osteomedullary biopsy. The histological pictures often resemble a @entity1071 . Clinical and laboratory (computerized tomographic scan) researches frequently show a moderate @entity381 , but in none of the @entity1 was superficial or deep lymph node enlargement found. The authors conclude by considering type II essential cryoimmunoglobulin to be a sign and a marker of a low-grade proliferative disease with rare evolution into @entity706 . At the same time, however, cryoimmunoglobulins themselves cause important injuries that affect the prognosis of the syndrome.

title: Cryodependent and cryoproducing involvement of organs in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4019 :: ('MESH:C565141', 'Disease') :: ['essential mixed cryoglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoproliferative lymphoma-like process', 'overt lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity14033 :: ('MESH:D003449', 'Disease') :: ['type II cryoglobulinemias']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity4019 :: (MESH:C565141,Disease) :: ['type II essential mixed cryoglobulinemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3377 presents a significant economic burden for China because it causes reproductive failure in host species and chronic health problems in @entity1 . These problems can involve multiple organs. @entity3377 is highly endemic in Shanxi Province China. Molecular typing would be very useful to epidemiological surveillance. The purpose of this study was to assess the diversity of @entity6467 strains for epidemiological surveillance. Historical monitoring data suggest that @entity6467 3 is the predominant strain associated with the epidemic of @entity3377 in Shanxi Province. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Multiple-locus variable-number repeat analysis (MLVA-16) and hypervariable octameric oligonucleotide fingerprinting (HOOF-print) were used to type a @entity1 -hosted @entity6467 population (81 strains). Sixty-two MLVA genotypes (discriminatory index: 0.99) were detected, and they had a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 84.9% to 100%. Eighty strains of the population belonged to the eastern Mediterranean group with panel 1 genotypes 42 (79 strains) and 43 (1 strain). A new panel 1 genotype was found in this study. It was named 114 MLVAorsay genotype and it showed similarity to the two isolates from Guangdong in a previous study. @entity6467 is distributed throughout Shanxi Province, and like samples from Inner Mongolia, the eastern Mediterranean genotype 42 was the main @entity6475 (97%). The HOOF-printing showed a higher diversity than MLVA-16 with a genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 56.8% to 100%. CONCLUSIONS: According to the MLVA-16 and HOOF-printing results, both methods could be used for the epidemiological surveillance of @entity3377 . A new genotype was found in both Shanxi and Guangdong Provinces. In areas with @entity3377 , the MLVA-16 scheme is very important for tracing cases back to their origins during outbreak investigations. It may facilitate the expansion and eradication of the disease.

title: Genotyping of XXXX @entity6467 3 Isolated from Shanxi Province in China by MLVA16 and HOOF.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6475 :: ('MESH:D013180', 'Disease') :: ['epidemic strain']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['brucellosis', 'Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis biovar', 'Brucella melitensis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: In this study, synchronous spontaneous, independent liver and @entity5 were detected in a Bearded dragon ( @entity34450 ). The @entity5 consisted of @entity1419 as well as in situ @entity420 and two @entity652 . The biliary epithelial cells and the @entity201 showed @entity2915 -immunoreactivity for claudin-7. The gallbladder epithelial cells, its @entity652 and @entity420 showed basolateral cross-reactivity for claudin-7. We think that the humanised anti-claudin-7 antibody is a good marker for the detection of different primary cholangiocellular and @entity5 in Bearded dragons. The cholangiocytes, the @entity201 , the endothelial cells of the liver and the epithelial cells and @entity5 all showed claudin-5 cross-reactivity. The humanised anti-cytokeratin AE1-AE3 antibody showed cross-reactivity in the biliary epithelial cells, @entity201 cells, epithelial cells and @entity5 cells of the gallbladder. It seems that this humanised antibody is a useful epithelial marker for the different neoplastic lesions of epithelial cells in reptiles. The humanised anti-a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) antibody showed intense cross-reactivity in the smooth muscle cells of the hepatic vessels and in the muscle layer of the gallbladder. The portal myofibroblasts, the endothelial cells of the sinusoids and the stromal cells of the @entity201 and @entity5 were positive for a-SMA. The antibovine anti-vimentin and humanised anti-Ki-67 antibodies did not show crossreactivity in the different samples from the Bearded dragon.

title: Claudin-7-positive synchronous spontaneous XXXX , @entity420 and @entity652 in a Bearded dragon ( @entity34450 ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder tumours', 'multiple tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34450 :: ('103695', 'Species') :: ['Pogona vitticeps']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['membranous cross']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas of the gallbladder', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complication rate and its impact in @entity1 who have undergone upper abdominal surgery for treatment of advanced @entity43 . METHODS: @entity1 who have undergone upper abdominal surgery including diaphragm surgery, splenectomy, distal pancreatectomy, gastric resection, liver resection and biliary surgery were considered for the study. Perioperative complications were evaluated and graded according to Clavien-Dindo. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty one @entity1 were included. Two hundred and twelve surgical procedures were performed. Thirty-six @entity1 reported at least one complication, but 61.1% of these the complication was mild. Median hospital stay for @entity1 with and without complication was 7 vs. 13days respectively (p<0.001). There was a significant correlation between post-operative hospital stay and the total number of surgical procedures (R=0.445, p<0.001). At multivariate analysis, diaphragmatic resection and pancreatic resection were associated with a significant increase of postoperative hospital stay, furthermore diaphragmatic resection (p=0.004), hepatic resection (p=0.004), pancreatectomy (p=0.011) and biliary surgery (p=0.049) were independent predictors of severe (G3-G4) complication. CONCLUSIONS: Rate of complications of @entity1 submitted to upper abdominal surgery for @entity43 is acceptable. Prediction of severe complications is the goal for its optimal management. Extensive procedures should be avoided with those @entity1 in which optimal @entity41 could not be reached.

title: Predictors of postoperative morbidity after cytoreduction for advanced XXXX : Analysis and management of complications in upper abdominal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prompt recognition of invasive @entity57 ( @entity9348 ) after heart transplantation is essential for achieving a successful outcome. However, the significance of the isolation of from respiratory specimens in heart transplant recipients is not established. METHODS: From 1990 to 1999, we analyzed first respiratory specimens with spp. growth from heart transplant @entity1 in our institution. All specimens were cultured in both fungal and conventional media. Diagnosis of proven and probable @entity9348 or colonization was made according to criteria of the Mycoses Study Group. RESULTS: During the 10-year study period, spp. was recovered from 30 episodes from 27 heart transplant recipients (incidence: 10.5%). Three episodes were classified as indeterminate and were included in the analysis in a double way, first considering them as true positives and afterward as true negatives, so ranges were obtained. After applying diagnostic criteria, 18 of 30 episodes were proven or probable @entity9348 , and 9 episodes were colonizations. Accordingly, 7 to 8% of heart transplant recipients suffered an @entity9348 , and the overall positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) was 60% to 70%. When analyzed by species, the @entity2286 of recovering was 78% to 91%, whereas it was 0% for other species. The @entity2286 increased to 88% to 100% when was recovered from a respiratory specimen other than sputum and decreased to 50% to 67% when it was recovered from sputum. The sensitivities of fungal and conventional media for the recovery of spp. were 95% to 100% and 33% to 38%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The isolation of from the respiratory tract of a heart transplant recipient is highly predictive of @entity3 .

title: The isolation of Aspergillus fumigatus from respiratory tract specimens in heart transplant recipients is highly predictive of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity57 :: ('MESH:D055732', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive aspergillosis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['invasive aspergillosis']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity6 @entity1 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity633 are very limited however. 76 @entity1 with @entity2175 , @entity101 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity633 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity21261 (2.5-10 mg), @entity16427 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity1 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity918 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity1011 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity1 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity21261 and @entity16427 for 4 months. @entity918 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity21261 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity16427 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity21261 and @entity16427 reproduced the @entity551 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity918 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity11592 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and XXXX on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 and @entity633 . A randomized cross-over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity21261 :: ('MESH:D017315', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilazapril', 'cilazapril']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity918 :: (MESH:D006852,Chemical) :: ['hydrochlorothiazide']


abstract: PET has been used to monitor changes in @entity5 metabolism in @entity0 following hormonal therapy. This study was undertaken to determine whether PET imaging could evaluate early metabolic changes in @entity263 following @entity342 ablation therapy. Studies were performed comparing two positron-emitting tracers, @entity419 and @entity18808 , in Sprague-Dawley male @entity35 to monitor metabolic changes in normal prostate tissue. Additional studies were performed in @entity19 bearing the CWR22 @entity342 -dependent @entity1 @entity263 to evaluate metabolic changes in @entity263 . In @entity35 , for the @entity342 ablation pretreatment, 1 mg @entity4742 ( @entity4743 ) was injected subcutaneously 3 and 24 hours before tracer injection. For @entity342 pretreatment, 500 microg @entity586 ( @entity587 ) was injected intraperitoneally 2 and 6 hours before tracer injection. The @entity35 were divided into three groups, Group A (no- @entity4743 , no- @entity587 , n = 18), Group B ( @entity4743 , no- @entity587 , n = 18) and Group C ( @entity4743 , @entity587 , n = 18). In each group, 10 animals received @entity419 , whereas the remaining eight animals were administered @entity18808 . @entity35 were sacrificed at 120 min post-injection of @entity419 or 30 min post-injection of @entity18808 . Pretreatment of the @entity19 model using @entity587 (200 microg of @entity587 in 0.1 mL of sunflower seed oil) or @entity4743 (200 microg of @entity4743 in 0.1 mL of sunflower seed oil) was conducted every 2 days for one week. @entity19 were imaged with both tracers in the microPET scanner (Concorde Microsystems Inc.). @entity4743 treatment caused a decrease in @entity598 and @entity413 metabolism in the @entity35 prostate. Co-treatment with @entity587 maintained the @entity413 metabolism levels at baseline values. In the @entity5 bearing @entity19 , similar effects were seen in @entity419 study, while there was no significant difference in @entity18808 uptake. These results indicate that changes in serum @entity251 levels influence @entity419 uptake in the prostate gland, which is closely tied to @entity413 metabolism, within 24 hours of treatment and in the @entity263 within 1 week. These early metabolic changes could enable monitoring metabolic changes in @entity263 following treatment by imaging using @entity419 PET. Further studies are needed to clarify the reason for the insensitivity of @entity18808 for measuring metabolic change in @entity263 .

title: MicroPET assessment of androgenic control of @entity413 and @entity598 uptake in the XXXX prostate and a prostate cancer @entity5 model.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate tumor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mice', 'mouse', 'nude mice']

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['acetate']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity4742 :: ('MESH:D004054', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylstilbestrol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of Yixintai Granule (YG) on mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity72122 in renal medulla of @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity95 . METHODS: @entity712 @entity35 model was established by ear marginal vein injection of @entity632 . Successfully modeled @entity95 were divided into the model group, the high (8.4 g/kg), middle (4.2 g/kg), and low dose (2.1 g/kg) YG group, and the @entity1483 group (2 mg/kg). Besides, a normal control group was set up. Equal volume of physiological saline was administered to @entity95 of the model group and the normal control group by gastrogavage. YG at different doses was administered to @entity95 of the 3 YG groups by gastrogavage. The intervention lasted for 4 weeks, once per day. After treatment the urine volume and pathomorphological changes of renal medulla tissue were observed. mRNA and its protein expression levels of @entity72122 were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the urine volume decreased significantly, mRNA and protein expression levels of renal medulla @entity72122 increased significantly in the model group (all P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the urine volume increased significantly, and mRNA and protein expression levels of renal medulla @entity72122 decreased significantly in all medicated groups (all P < 0.01). Compared with the low dose YG group, the urine volume significantly increased and the mRNA expression level of renal medulla @entity72122 significantly decreased in the middle and high dose YG groups (all P < 0.01). The expression level of @entity72122 protein significantly decreased in the high dose YG group (P < 0.01). Pathological changes of the renal medulla was the most obviously seen in the model group. But they were alleviated to various degrees in all medicated groups. They were more obviously attenuated in the middle and high dose YG groups. CONCLUSION: YG could improve @entity712 possibly through down-regulating mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity72122 in renal medulla, and elevating the urine volume.

title: [Effect of Yixintai Granule on mRNA and protein expression levels of AQP, in renal medulla of XXXX @entity95 ].

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['Furosemide']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Psychotic symptoms (PS) in @entity191 ( @entity191 ) usually develop as a side effect of the dopaminergic therapy and consist of @entity1833 and delusions. We observed that @entity191 @entity1 who developed delusions tend to be younger than those with @entity1833 and we aimed to investigate the validity of this observation. METHODS: The medical records of 127 @entity191 @entity1 with PS were reviewed and 76 @entity1 who were on treatment with @entity935 agonists with or without levodopa at the time of developing PS were included. @entity1 were stratified into 3 groups according to the subtypes of PS: @entity1 with solely @entity1833 (n = 46), solely delusions (n = 18), and both types (n = 12). The groups were compared with respect to the age-at-onset of @entity191 and PS, duration of @entity191 , Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and motor subscale scores of Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS), and levodopa equivalent dose of the dopaminergic agents administered at the time of PS onset. RESULTS: The mean age-at onset of @entity191 and PS was significantly younger (p = 0.0001) in @entity1 with delusions (49 and 55.9 years) than those with @entity1833 (61.9 and 68.9 years). The same parameters were also significantly different (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the groups of @entity1 with concurrent delusions and @entity1833 (51.7 and 57.2 years) and those with only @entity1833 . ADL and motor subscale scores were higher in @entity1 with @entity1833 (p = 0.016 and p = 0.013) compared with those noted in @entity1 with delusions despite similar disease duration. The mean levodopa equivalent doses of the dopaminergic agents administered at the time of onset of PS did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: This study supported an association of delusions with younger onset of both @entity191 and @entity716 as compared with @entity1833 . However, additional factors related to this association remain to be elucidated.

title: Relationship between age and subtypes of @entity716 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim was to analyse the role of smoking and HbA1c level in @entity6730 ( @entity6730 ) and probing depths (PDs) among insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND-METHODS: The study subjects were selected from a group of 149 insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and included 64 @entity1 (39 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 ) aged 30 years or older. Data were obtained from @entity1 records and by clinical examination. The outcome variables were the number of sites with @entity6730 and PDs of 5-9 mm. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Poisson regression models. RR was adjusted for the number of teeth, dental @entity1608 and age. RESULTS: RR for @entity6730 among the smokers was 4.15 (95% CI: 2.30-7.63) and that for @entity1726 among the smokers was 7.96 (95% CI: 4.91-13.19). HbA1c was not related to @entity6730 or @entity1726 . Among smokers with HbA1c > 8.5, RR for @entity6730 was 12.34 (95% CI: 4.14-39.35), but RR was not elevated for @entity1726 . CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the poor metabolic control together with smoking is extremely detrimental for @entity6730 .

title: Role of smoking and HbA1c level in periodontitis among insulin-dependent XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['attachment loss', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity1944 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity19 . METHODS: @entity19 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity19 @entity1312 ( @entity10957 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity10957 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity10957 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity19 conditioned with @entity10957 had a markedly @entity308 @entity1990 expression and increased the expression of @entity9094 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity1379 / @entity26667 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity2047 /interferon-y, and @entity15369 / @entity1750 remained @entity308 , whereas that of @entity1312 / @entity58 reciprocally increased in the @entity19 treated with @entity10957 . Administration of anti- @entity1312 antibody alone or in combination with @entity10957 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity1312 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity9094 and @entity1990 signaling. The administration of @entity1312 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity1312 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: @entity1312 protects XXXX intestine from @entity63 and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Mouse', 'mouse', 'Mice', 'murine']

entities_list: @entity1750 :: ('20296(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemotactic protein-1']

entities_list: @entity15369 :: ('15945(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-y-inducible protein (IP)-10']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: For clarification of the direct relationship between the reactivation of herpes simplex virus and the development of @entity4401 , a detection of the virus genome by @entity3141 diagnostics and a quantitative analysis of its time-course change are both needed. The authors detected the HSV genome in specimens from @entity1 with @entity4401 , quantified its number of copies, and examined time-course changes. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 16 @entity1 with @entity4401 . The tear fluid and saliva from the submandibular gland and the parotid gland were separately collected from the affected and unaffected sides twice or more. A total of 244 specimens were subjected to extraction of @entity3141 , polymerase chain reaction, and microplate hybridization. RESULTS: @entity3307 @entity3141 was detected in 38 specimens (11.8%) from 5 @entity1 (31%). The high detection (28.5%) was obtained within 2 weeks after onset. Detection at 3 weeks and later (2.8%) was significantly lower ( < 0.05). In three cases, @entity3141 was also found on the unaffected side in the initial phase of the disease, but detection on that side (18.9%) was significantly lower than on the affected side (83.8%) ( < 0.01). The number of copies of the @entity3307 genome was large on the affected side and early after the onset of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The reactivation of @entity3307 on the affected side is involved as a pathogenic factor of @entity4401 . A reactivation of @entity3307 may be generated even on the unaffected side in the early phase of the disease. Herpes simplex virus @entity3141 was not detected in any of the examined specimens collected from the remaining 11 cases. The need for constant study to clarify other causative factors of @entity4401 remains.

title: Secretion and dynamics of herpes simplex virus in tears and saliva of XXXX with @entity4401 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3307 :: ('10298', 'Species') :: ['Herpes simplex virus-1', 'herpes simplex virus-1']

entities_list: @entity3141 :: ('CHEBI:16991', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxyribonucleic acid']

entities_list: @entity4401 :: ('MESH:D020330', 'Disease') :: ["Bell's Palsy"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether aerobic exercise improves aerobic capacity in individuals with @entity64 . DESIGN: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. DATABASES SEARCHED: MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Physiotherapy Evidence Database were searched. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Design: randomized controlled trials (RCTs). @entity1 : individuals with @entity64 . INTERVENTIONS: aerobic exercise training aimed at improving aerobic capacity. OUTCOMES:                 <AbstractText Label="PRIMARY OUTCOMES" NlmCategory="METHODS">aerobic capacity (peak @entity26 consumption (VO2), peak workload). SECONDARY OUTCOMES: walking velocity, walking endurance. DATA ANALYSIS: The methodological quality was assessed by the PEDro scale. Meta-analyses were performed for all primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Nine articles (seven RCTs) were identified. The exercise intensity ranged from 50% to 80% heart rate reserve. Exercise duration was 20-40 min for 3-5 days a week. The total number of subjects included in the studies was 480. All studies reported positive effects on aerobic capacity, regardless of the stage of @entity64 recovery. Meta-analysis revealed a significant homogeneous @entity5562 ( @entity5562 ) in favour of aerobic exercise to improve peak VO2 ( @entity5562 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-0.69; P=0.001) and peak workload ( @entity5562 0.50; 95% CI 0.26-0.73; P<0.001). There was also a significant homogeneous @entity5562 in favour of aerobic training to improve walking velocity ( @entity5562 0.26; 95% CI 0.05-0.48; P= 0.008) and walking endurance ( @entity5562 0.30; 95% CI 0.06-0.55; P= 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: There is good evidence that aerobic exercise is beneficial for improving aerobic capacity in @entity1 with mild and moderate @entity64 . Aerobic exercise should be an important component of @entity64 rehabilitation.

title: The use of aerobic exercise training in improving aerobic capacity in individuals with XXXX : a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5562 :: ('MESH:D015875', 'Disease') :: ['standardized effect size', 'SES']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Long term swallowing dysfunction in @entity1 with @entity957 ( @entity957 ) treated with concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) is declining. While the use of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is commonly believed to be a potential cause, we hypothesize that the increasing incidence of @entity1082 ) related disease may also favorably impact this outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 130 HPV+ and 17 HPV- @entity1 with stage III-IV @entity957 treated exclusively with conventional 3-field radiotherapy with chemotherapy between 2002 and 2010. The rates of normal diet, limited diet (significant restrictions in the types of foods eaten, and/or requiring nutritional supplementation for weight maintenance) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) were compared between HPV+ and HPV- @entity1 . Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to perform univariate analysis (UVA) to examine predictors of a combined endpoint of dietary limitation, which included limited diet and/or @entity734 . These outcomes were also compared to our previously reported cohort of @entity957 @entity1 treated between 1989 and 2002 to assess changes in @entity137 over time given the changing disease epidemiology, in the setting of identical treatment regimens. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 55months, HPV+ @entity1 more frequently had resumed a normal diet (87% vs. 65%) at last follow up and had lower rates of limited diet (9% vs. 18%) and @entity734 (4% vs. 18%) compared to HPV- @entity1 (p=0.02). HPV status was the only significant predictor of reduced swallowing dysfunction on UVA (HR 0.19; p=0.008). When compared to our 1989-2002 cohort, @entity1 treated between 2002 and 2010 had less @entity734 (7.5% vs. 34%, p<0.001) and dietary limitations (26% vs.46%, p<0.001) at 6months post treatment. CONCLUSIONS: HPV+ @entity1 with @entity957 have reduced late swallowing dysfunction after chemoradiation compared to HPV- @entity1 . The changing epidemiology of @entity957 may play a role in @entity137 reduction in these @entity1 , independent of the increasing use of IMRT.

title: It is not just IMRT: @entity1082 related XXXX is associated with better swallowing outcomes after definitive chemoradiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OPSCC', 'oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['FTD', 'feeding tube dependence']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharynx squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), members of the transforming growth factor b (TGFb) superfamily, play important roles in folliculogenesis in various species; however, little is known about their role in luteal function. In this study, we investigated the expression, regulation, and effects of @entity1841 , @entity13062 , and @entity11673 in carefully dated @entity1 corpora lutea and cultured @entity1 luteinized granulosa cells. The mRNA abundance of BMPs was increased in the regressing corpus luteum in vivo (P < .01-.001). @entity1 @entity1465 down-regulated @entity1841 , @entity13062 , and @entity11673 transcripts both in vivo (P = .05-.001) and in vitro (P < .001), and decreased the mRNA abundance of BMP receptors ( @entity1842 , @entity30713 , @entity3823 ; P < .05-.01) in vitro. Three BMPs were regulated by differential signaling pathways. H89, a protein kinase A inhibitor, increased the expression of both @entity1841 (P < .05) and @entity13062 (P < .05) while decreasing @entity11673 (P < .01). PMA, a protein kinase C activator, decreased both @entity13062 and @entity11673 expression (P < .0001) while enhancing the mRNA abundance of @entity1841 (P < .01). BMPs significantly down-regulated transcripts for @entity10548 ( @entity10548 ; P < .001) and @entity624 ( @entity624 ; P < .001), whereas up-regulating those of @entity23385 ( @entity23385 ; P < .01) and aromatase ( @entity4819 ; P < .05-.01) in vitro, possessing an effect opposite to hCG but similar to Activin A. Like Activin A, @entity13062 and @entity11673 stimulated the expression of Inhibin/Activin subunits with a marked effect on @entity35859 expression (P < .05-.01). These data confirm that BMPs are increased during luteal regression and negatively regulated by hCG via differential mechanisms, suggesting that BMPs are one of the mediators of luteolysis in @entity1 .

title: Bone morphogenetic proteins are mediators of luteolysis in the XXXX corpus luteum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity624 :: ('6770', 'Gene') :: ['STAR', 'steroidogenic acute regulatory protein']

entities_list: @entity1465 :: ('93659', 'Gene') :: ['chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)']

entities_list: @entity23385 :: ('2492', 'Gene') :: ['follicular stimulating hormone receptor', 'FSHR']

entities_list: @entity10548 :: ('3973', 'Gene') :: ['LHCGR', 'LH/choriogonadotropin receptor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We dissected prevailing assumptions about @entity246 and reviewed data that support and reject these assumptions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five questions about @entity246 and the risk of @entity5 were identified because of their implications in parent counseling and clinical management. Standard search techniques through MEDLINE were used to identify all relevant English language studies of the questions being examined. Each of the 5 questions was then examined in light of the existing data. RESULTS: The RR of @entity5 in a @entity246 case is 2.75 to 8. A RR of between 2 and 3 has been noted in @entity1 who undergo orchiopexy by ages 10 to 12 years. @entity1 who undergo orchiopexy after age 12 years or no orchiopexy are 2 to 6 times as likely to have @entity5 as those who undergo prepubertal orchiopexy. A contralateral, normally descended testis in a @entity1 with @entity246 carries no increased risk of @entity5 . Persistently cryptorchid (inguinal and abdominal) testes are at higher risk for @entity4797 (74%), while corrected cryptorchid or scrotal testicles that undergo malignant transformation are most likely to become nonseminomatous (63%, p <0.0001), presumably because of a decreased risk of @entity4797 . CONCLUSIONS: Orchiectomy may be considered in healthy @entity1 with @entity246 who are between ages 12 and 50 years. Observation should be recommended in postpubertal males at significant anesthetic risk and all males older than 50 years. While 5% to 15% of scrotal testicular remnants contain germinal tissue, only 1 case of @entity189 in situ has been reported, suggesting that the risk of @entity5 in these remnants is extremely low.

title: Cryptorchidism and XXXX : separating fact from fiction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular cancer', 'testis cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity246 :: ('MESH:D003456', 'Disease') :: ['cryptorchidism']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['testicular cancer']


abstract: Lens membrane preparations have been shown to have a remarkable @entity2003 which increases in the inner nuclear region of the lens and has been correlated with the @entity165 (C)/phospholipid (PL) ratio. However, the distribution of these lipids in single lenses had not been determined. Utilizing a new technique for isolating consecutive layers of a @entity1 lens, lipid composition and contents of seven pairs of normal lenses from subjects ranging from 54 to 77 years old have been analyzed. It was found that the PL content remains relatively constant at 22-24 micrograms/mg through all but the nuclear 10-15% of the lens dry weight where it drops precipitously to about 7 micrograms/mg. The C distribution is more complex; the C content is at a low level of 14 micrograms/mg in the outer cortical 15-20%, rises to 25 micrograms/mg in the inner cortical 40-60% of the total lens weight, and drops to 12 micrograms/mg upon reaching the nucleus. Thus, the continuous increase in the lens C/PL ratio is due to the increase in C in the cortex and the large decrease in PL in the nucleus. Analyses of phospholipid and @entity844 composition in the different regions of the lens indicate significant differences. However, the abundance of @entity6221 contributing to the @entity2003 of the membrane has only minor variation. The lens has a remarkably low overall lipid content of 4% and only 2% in the nuclear region. Calculation of the surface area of the nuclear fiber cell suggests that less than one-third of the membrane is made of PL bilayer. Thus, a mosaic of PL and C patches or some other type of structure involving membrane fusion must be present. Conversion of the % dry weight occupied by the concentric fiber fractions to their location on the lens axis in mm indicates that the nuclear 15% dry weight of the tissue occupies more than 50% of the axial length. This region contains the @entity2085 and the primary lens fibers. Similarly, the metabolically active outer 20% of the dry weight accounts for less than 10% of the visual axial length and contains cells undergoing terminal differentiation. Cataractous lenses have lipid distributions similar to those of the normal lenses suggesting that membrane lipid is either not involved in @entity231 formation or that the primary insult is localized in an undetectable small number of fiber cells.

title: Membrane XXXX and phospholipid in consecutive concentric sections of @entity1 lenses.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic lens']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['mono-unsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4346 ( @entity4346 ) is present in a majority of hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 and is among the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality. Hemofiltration (HF), a purely convective dialysis treatment, has been associated with enhanced hemodynamic stability compared with HD, possibly as a result of a more physiologic removal of fluid and solutes. METHODS: In a randomized controlled study conducted at ten dialysis centers in Sweden and Denmark, incident @entity1 (HD <3 months) without clinical signs or history of @entity65 were randomized to treatment with either online, predilution HF or low-flux HD. The primary endpoint was change in @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), as measured by two-dimensional M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The analyses included 34 @entity1 (18 HF, 16 HD) followed for up to 2 years. At baseline, 65% of the @entity1 had @entity4346 , but @entity1002 did not differ between the study groups. In the HF group, @entity1002 decreased by 22    48 g/m(2) during a mean treatment time of 19    7 months, while in the HD group the decrease was 15    57 g/m(2) during 16    7 months. As analyzed by MANOVA (mixed model), the difference in @entity1002 over the whole period was statistically significant (p = 0.03) with a more favorable outcome in HF. Blood pressure and other study variables did not differ between the groups, but at baseline and throughout the study, HF @entity1 required heavier antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In incident dialysis @entity1 , long-term predilution HF, a purely convective dialysis treatment, is associated with a significantly more favorable development of @entity1002 compared with regular low-flux HD. Considering the predictive strength of @entity1002 as a risk factor, the quantitative difference between the treatments is of clinical importance.

title: @entity4346 in incident dialysis XXXX randomized to treatment with hemofiltration or hemodialysis: results from the ProFil study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular hypertrophy', 'LVH']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular mass index', 'LVMI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity706 is a disease characterized with massive skin infiltration of lymphoid malignant cells. They commonly express some T-cell markers, such as @entity3138 , CD3, @entity404 , and @entity4587 , and thus termed as @entity784 ( @entity784 ). Here, we present a case with @entity2940 / @entity2940 -positive @entity706 , which appears lymphocytic morphology and expresses @entity404 , but does not express @entity3138 , CD3, @entity405 , @entity5750 , @entity4071 , @entity4755 , and @entity2225 . The most malignant cells contained no distinctive azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Southern blot analysis revealed that T cell receptor-beta, gamma, and immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in the cells were in germ-line configurations. Electron microscopic examination showed characteristics of lymphoid cells with higher nucleocytoplasmic ratio and lacked structures typical of other cell types (i.e., epithelial cells, neuroendocrine cells, and mesenchymal cells). Thus, the cells are likely to be immature lymphoid cells. Histological analysis revealed the cells infiltrate mainly into the dermis with angiocentric growth pattern. The clinical course was @entity146 , with rapid involvement of bone marrow and central nervous system. These striking features of the @entity1 may represent a novel fraction ( @entity3138 -, @entity404 +, and @entity2940 +) of @entity706 .

title: High expression of @entity2940 ( @entity2940 ) in a @entity1 with cutaneous @entity404 -positive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous lymphoma', 'cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['CTCL', 'cutaneous T cell lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['lymphoma']


abstract: Cure of muscle-invading @entity150 in 20% to 39% of @entity1 using full-dose external beam irradiation has been reported by many institutions in the last 10 years. Local failure occurs in 50% of @entity1 so treated, however, and successful selection criteria for bladder-sparing radiotherapy are necessary. Prognostic factors which have been identified to be associated with a relatively successful outcome using full-dose irradiation include (1) the clinical stages T2 and T3, (2) the absence of @entity1695 on initial intravenous pyelogram, (3) a visibly "complete" transurethral resection having been achieved, and (4) complete response of the @entity5 to radiation. In addition, @entity5 control appears to be related to total dose administered. Analysis of the results of precystectomy radiation therapy, where @entity5 histology and small @entity5 size yielded improved survival, suggests that these characteristics also may prove to be beneficial in @entity1 selected for full-dose irradiation. The four-field box technique has become accepted as the best method to treat @entity1 using beams from linear accelerators or betatrons. The bladder and pelvic lymph nodes should be treated to 50.4 Gy in 1.8 Gy fractions, 5 days/week. A cone-down boost to the @entity5 volume only then is given for a total dose of 64.8 Gy to 68.4 Gy in 7.5 weeks. The posterior rectosigmoid should receive less than 60 Gy, and the anus and femoral head and neck should be limited to 45 to 50 Gy to avoid @entity137 . Innovative approaches to treatment of muscle-invading @entity150 now are being explored and include the use of intravesical misonidazole combined with fractionated external beam irradiation, and systemic @entity900 administration in combination with radiation. Techniques which have yielded good results in superficial @entity150 include open interstitial implantation, intraoperative single-dose electron beam irradiation, and trans-Foley radium applications. Further prospective evaluations of clinical and histologic @entity5 characteristics, treatment techniques and doses reviewed here will be necessary before definitive selection criteria for treatment with full-dose irradiation are established.

title: @entity150 . The selection of XXXX for treatment by full-dose irradiation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'papillary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder carcinoma', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The safety and efficacy, as measured by peak/trough blood pressure reduction, of a new, once-daily, controlled-release formulation of @entity4768 ( @entity4768 -CR, ICR) were evaluated in @entity1 with mild to moderate essential @entity101 during a nine-week trial. After a 3-week placebo washout period, @entity1 with a sitting diastolic blood pressure between 100 and 114 mm Hg were randomized to either 1 of 4 ICR treatment groups or placebo. Of 402 randomized @entity1 , 384 completed the study (placebo = 77, ICR-5 mg = 76, ICR 10 mg = 76, ICR-15 mg = 78, and ICR-20 mg = 77). Peak and trough post-dose blood pressure responses and heart rates were monitored for both the sitting and upright positions. Blood chemistries, urinalyses, complete blood counts, and electrocardiograms were done during the study. Both sitting and upright blood pressure decreased with the 5-(P < .05), 10-, 15-, and 20-mg (P < .001) once-daily ICR doses. The peak blood pressure reduction for all ICR doses occurred at 8 to 10 hours post-dose. Maximum peak/trough blood pressure response, achieved with the 10-mg dose, was similar with that of 15 and 20 mg of ICR. No serious clinical or metabolic side effect were noted, except @entity4 , which was dose dependent but did not require discontinuation of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Sustained blood pressure control with controlled-release XXXX ( @entity4768 -CR).

entities_list: @entity4768 :: ('MESH:D017275', 'Chemical') :: ['isradipine']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['ankle edema']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity4768 :: (MESH:D017275,Chemical) :: ['isradipine']


abstract: This study aimed to formulate an optimized @entity1033 ( @entity3073 ) nanoemulsion hydrogel in order to provide a solution for the slow, variable, and incomplete oral drug absorption in @entity1 suffering from @entity1800 . Solubility of @entity3073 in different oils, surfactants, and cosurfactants was explored utilizing a cubic model mixture design to obtain a nanoemulsion with minimum globule size. Preparation of an optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken statistical design was conducted. The molecular weight of chitosan (X1), percentage of chitosan (X2), and percentage of @entity4744 as a skin permeation enhancer (X3) were selected to study their effects on hydrogel spreadability (Y1) and percent @entity3073 permeated through @entity35 skin after 2.5 hours (Y2). A pharmacokinetic study of the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel was conducted in @entity35 . Mixtures of clove oil and castor oil (3:1 ratio), @entity9266 and @entity37977 (3:1 ratio), and @entity2771 and Myo-6V (3:1 ratio) were selected as the oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant phases, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that the molecular weight of chitosan has a significant antagonistic effect on spreadability, but has no significant effect on the percent @entity3073 permeated. The percentage of chitosan also has a significant antagonistic effect on the spreadability and percent @entity3073 permeated. On the other hand, the percentage of @entity4744 has a significant synergistic effect on percent @entity3073 permeated, with no effect on spreadability. The ex vivo study demonstrated that the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel showed a twofold and 1.5-fold higher permeation percentage than the control gel and marketed cream, respectively. The relative bioavailability of the optimized @entity3073 nanoemulsion hydrogel improved to 535.2% and 244.6% with respect to the raw @entity3073 hydrogel and marketed cream, respectively, confirming improvement of the relative bioavailability of @entity3073 in the formulated nanoemulsion hydrogel.

title: Utilization of nanotechnology to enhance percutaneous absorption of @entity1033 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2771 :: ('MESH:D019946', 'Chemical') :: ['propylene glycol']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['herpes simplex viral infection']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['herpes simplex viral infections']


abstract: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a new approach to thymectomy. From June 1993 to December 1994, we performed a total of eight thymectomies for @entity1737 ( @entity1737 ). There were four male and four female @entity1 with ages ranging from 9 to 76 years. Three of the eight @entity1 had associated @entity704 . We believe that complete thymectomy was accomplished in all cases by examination of the thymic bed and resected specimen. There was no mortality or intraoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 2 to 37 days). One @entity1 required ventilatory support postoperatively. Clinical improvement was observed in all @entity1 after a mean follow-up of 10 months (range, 2 to 21 months). Compared with a comparable historical group of @entity1 with @entity1737 who underwent transsternal thymectomy, the VATS group was associated with significantly less analgesic requirement and shortened hospital stay. We conclude that VAT thymectomy is technically feasible and is associated with a favorable postoperative course compared with the transsternal approach. We believe that complete thymectomy can be achieved by this approach. Further investigation with long-term follow-up is needed to further clarify the role of VAT thymectomy in thoracic surgery.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'myasthenia gravis']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: The effects of the putative 'anxiogenic' compound @entity19471 ( @entity19471 ) were studied on non-suppressed and suppressed responding of @entity2608 . Responding was maintained under a fixed-interval 2 min schedule of food presentation (non-suppressed responding) and a fixed-interval 2 min schedule of food presentation where each 10th response produced a 3-5 mA footshock (suppressed responding). Rates of suppressed responding were 60-90% lower than those for non-suppressed responding. beta-CCE reliably decreased non-suppressed responding over the range of 0.03-0.3 mg/kg (ED50 approximately 0.04 mg/kg) while consistent decreases in suppressed responding were not obtained in all animals until doses of 1-3 mg/kg (ED50 approximately 2 mg/kg) were given. Doses of beta-CCE greater than 0.01 mg/kg slightly increased blood pressure, moderately increased heart rate and greatly increased plasma ACTH levels for both types of response. In contrast, @entity3175 increased suppressed responding without affecting non-suppressed responding at low doses (0.3-1 mg/kg), while higher doses were required to decrease suppressed responding. @entity3175 had little effect on blood pressure or mean heart rate. @entity5757 (1 mg/kg) blocked the rate-decreasing effects of beta-CCE on non-suppressed responding, suggesting the decrease is mediated via a benzodiazepine recognition site. These results show that under conditions where relatively low doses of @entity3175 have an anxiolytic effect (i.e. selectively increase rates of suppressed responding), relatively low doses of beta-CCE selectively decrease non-suppressed responding, questioning current notions of how to define an anxiogenic drug effect.

title: Effects of XXXX on suppressed and non-suppressed responding in the @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam', 'Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity19471 :: ('MESH:C024915', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester', 'beta-CCE']

answer: @entity19471 :: (MESH:C024915,Chemical) :: ['beta-carboline-3-carboxylic acid ethyl ester']


abstract: This study used a prospectively managed clinical database in order to identify 1470 @entity1 with @entity1820 receiving protracted venous infusion (PVI) @entity1487 (5FU). It aimed to determine the time course of @entity137 due to PVI 5FU and to analyse factors predicting @entity137 . The initial development of @entity3136 occurred more rapidly than @entity294 or @entity31339 ( @entity31339 ). The percentage of @entity1 with National @entity5 Institute Common @entity137 Criteria (CTC) grade 2 or worse @entity31339 peaked at 9% between weeks 8 and 17, whereas this peak occurred earlier for @entity3136 and @entity294 . The development of CTC grade 1 @entity137 in the first 28 days after commencement of chemotherapy was classified as early grade 1 @entity137 . Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that female sex, better performance status, elevated @entity648 , early grade 1 @entity31339 and early grade 1 @entity294 were independent prognostic factors for the development of CTC grade 2 or worse @entity31339 (P<0.01). Female sex, increased age, elevated @entity493 transaminase and urea and early grade 1 @entity31339 were significant independent prognostic factors for the development of CTC grade 2 or worse @entity3136 (P<0.01). Early CTC grade 1 @entity294 predicted CTC grade 2 or worse @entity294 (P<0.01). Older, female @entity1 with good performance status and impaired liver and renal function who develop early grade 1 @entity31339 alone or in combination with @entity294 are at highest risk of subsequently developing grade 2 or worse @entity31339 or @entity3136 during treatment with PVI 5FU. Reduction of infused 5FU dose should be considered for these @entity1 . Such an approach could both reduce severe @entity137 owing to chemotherapy and minimise treatment delays, and should be evaluated prospectively.

title: Analysis of the time course and prognostic factors determining XXXX due to infused @entity1487 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancers']

entities_list: @entity31339 :: ('MESH:C565041', 'Disease') :: ['PPE', 'palmar plantar erythema']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity71903 (AE) was isolated from Abacopteris penangiana (Hook.) Ching. This study was to elucidate its neuroprotective effects against @entity273 ( @entity274 ) induced oxidative damage in PC12 cells and @entity3649 ( @entity16076 ) induced @entity2359 in @entity19 brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro, the protective effect of AE against @entity274 -induced oxidative damage in the PC12 was investigated by the method of @entity98 ( @entity98 ). In vivo, the protective effect of AE against @entity16076 -induced @entity2359 in @entity19 was studied. The @entity19 in the model group and the AE treatment groups were injected with the @entity16076 150 mg/(kg d) for 7 weeks while the @entity19 in the control group were injected with the same volume of saline (0.9%). From the sixth week, the treatment groups were subcutaneously injected 4 or 8 mg/(kg d) of AE. In order to explore the potential mechanism of AE's action, the @entity19 were assessed by behavioral and electrophysiological tests at the end of the administration. Then the @entity19 brain tissues were measured for the levels of @entity224 dismutases (SOD), @entity2041 peroxidase ( @entity2197 -Px), and @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ). RESULTS: This study showed that AE lowered the @entity274 -induced @entity137 , and AE significantly improved the learning and memory ability in behavioral performance. The biochemical examination revealed that AE restored the activities of SOD and @entity2197 -Px, and attenuated the increase of @entity1865 . Moreover, the electrophysiological analysis evidently showed that AE ameliorated the long-term potentiation (LTP). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that AE had neuroprotective effects, and its beneficial effects may be linked with inhibiting the generation of free radical and enhancing the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes.

title: Neuroprotective effects of @entity71903 from Abacopteris penangiana against oxidative stress-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity98 :: ('CHEBI:53233', 'Chemical') :: ['MTT', '3,(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['d-galactose']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity71903 :: ('MESH:C562211', 'Chemical') :: ['Abacopterin E']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxicity']


abstract: One experiment was conducted in which radioactively labeled @entity10043 bases ( @entity5536 , @entity2774 , @entity3625 and @entity3624 ) were individually given intravenously to young adult @entity35 and the recovery of radioactivity in urine and gut, gut content and liver was measured at the end of the next 24 hours. The total recovery of radioactivity from orally and intravenously administered @entity5536 was measured in experiment 2. A third experiment measured the recoveries of radioactivity from oral and intravenous @entity5536 in a wider variety of tissues and organs than in experiment 1. The chemical identities of the urinary end products of the metabolism or orally and intravenously administered @entity5536 were compared in a fourth experiment. When purines were given intravenously, significantly more of the administered radioactivity was recovered in urine from @entity35 given @entity2774 , @entity3625 or @entity3624 compared with those given @entity5536 . The greater recoveries of radioactivity in urine were associated with smaller recoveries in tissues. A larger proportion of intravenously compared to orally administered radioactivity from @entity5536 was incorporated into all body tissues, and this was most pronounced in glandular and lymphoid tissues. The primary urinary end product of both orally and intravenously administered @entity5536 was allantoin. The absorption of individual purines from isolated @entity35 gut sacs was evaluated in a fifth experiment. A significant proportion of unaltered @entity5536 crossed the mucosal to serosal barrier of intestinal sacs whereas unaltered @entity2774 , @entity3625 or @entity3624 did not cross into the serosal fluid. These results show that the intestinal metabolism of dietary @entity5536 is uniquely different from that of @entity2774 , @entity3625 or @entity3624 .

title: Metabolism of orally and intravenously administered purines in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: A previous study indicated that the mortality rate after severe @entity542 (Glasgow @entity772 score less than or equal to 7) was higher on each of the first 2 days after @entity130 (early deaths) than on any subsequent day (late deaths). The low Glasgow @entity772 scores, high incidence of unreactive pupils, and refractoriness to treatment of @entity1 dying within 48 hours of @entity130 suggested that many such @entity1 had sustained irreversible @entity1545 . To determine the extent to which events at impact sealed the fate of those dying early deaths after @entity542 , we compared the pathology of cases of early and late death. Of 2000 @entity1 with @entity542 admitted to the neurosurgery service during a 6-year period, there were 138 deaths and 56 autopsies. Seventy-two per cent of the @entity1 who died during the first 48 hours after @entity130 had widespread homogenizing @entity39 of neuron or direct brain stem @entity130 , considered to represent irreversible @entity75 . Only 19% of those dying later deaths had these pathological changes. @entity1 with severe homogenizing @entity39 or direct brain stem damage were usually injured in high speed motor vehicle accidents and had low Glasgow @entity772 scores and unreactive pupils on admission to the hospital. They usually did not have @entity1410 , but had @entity4 . @entity1 dying without homogenizing @entity39 or direct brain stem @entity130 usually were injured by blows or falls, usually had @entity1410 , and less often had unreactive pupils and low Glasgow @entity772 scores on admission. The findings suggest that there is a significant irreducible mortality rate after @entity542 incurred in high speed motor vehicle accidents. Recognition of such cases is important in the comparison of series and in the evaluation of treatment for @entity542 .

title: Neuropathology of early and late deaths after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['brain swelling and herniations']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['hematomas']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['head injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity146 and @entity458 are increasingly recognized as risk factors for @entity301 ( @entity301 ). Elucidation of the mechanisms of these associations has implications for prevention. This study aims to confirm the association between @entity458 and @entity301 and examine if it could be explained by other factors such as health behaviours, social isolation and low control at work. METHODS: A prospective occupational cohort study of London-based civil service employees ( @entity1605 ) with baseline data collected from 1985-1988 with a 5-year follow-up. The @entity1 were male and female middle-aged civil servants working in 20 Government Departments; 73% of eligible employees attended baseline screening. @entity458 measured by the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) at baseline was used to predict incidence of self-reported @entity301 and possible and probable electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities during follow-up. RESULTS: In @entity1 , baseline @entity458 was associated with an increased incidence of overall self-reported @entity301 (odds ratios [OR] = 1.83, 95% CI : 1.5-2.3) and ECG abnormalities (OR = 1.51, 95% CI : 1.1-2.1), after adjustment for age, employment grade and length of follow-up. In @entity1 , baseline @entity458 was also associated with an increased incidence of @entity301 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI : 1.2-2.1), but not with ECG abnormalities. Adjustment for health behaviours, marital status, social networks and work characteristics reduced the risks for incident @entity301 by 12% in @entity1 and by 10% in @entity1 ; for ECG abnormalities these adjustments increased the risk in @entity1 by 16% and had little effect in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The experience of @entity458 confers increased risk of @entity301 in @entity1 that is not explained by health behaviours, social isolation or work characteristics. The increased risk of @entity301 associated with @entity458 is not consistently demonstrated in @entity1 .

title: XXXX as a risk factor for @entity301 in the @entity1605 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Whitehall II Study']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['Psychological distress', 'psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Psychological distress']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Polyaxial angle-stable plating is thought to be particularly beneficial in the management of @entity7334 of the distal radius. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the technique provides stability to match that of conventional (fixed-angle) angle-stable constructs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In seven pairs of @entity1 cadaver radii, an Arbeitsgemeinschaft f  r Osteosynthese (AO) 23 @entity8030 intra-articular @entity174 was created. One radius of each pair received a juxta-articular 2.4-mm @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) Volar Distal Radius Plate, whilst the contralateral one received a 2.4-mm Variable Angle @entity2850 ( @entity2850 ) Two-Column Volar Distal Radius Plate (both plates: Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland). Parameters tested were construct stiffness (static axial loading with 150 N), range of motion and secondary loss of reduction (dynamic 150 N axial loading over 5000 cycles). Stiffness and range of motion were measured both pre- and post-cycling. RESULTS: The polyaxial constructs were significantly stiffer, both before and after cyclic testing. However, the two-column plates showed a significant loss of stiffness during cyclic testing. The range of motion was significantly greater, both initially and at the end of cyclic testing, in the fixed-angle constructs. The conventional constructs had significantly greater secondary loss of reduction. CONCLUSION: The polyaxial two-column plate tested in this study provides a biomechanically sound construct for the management of @entity7334 of the distal radius.

title: Evaluation of a polyaxial angle-stable volar plate in a distal radius C- XXXX model--a biomechanical study.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['LCP', 'Locking Compression Plate', 'locking compression plate']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['complex intra-articular fractures', 'intra-articular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: @entity1 with severe chronic @entity712 were treated with intermittent @entity452 infusions administered on an outpatient basis with a portable infusion device. Eleven @entity1 (eight @entity1 and three @entity1 ), ages 28-71 years, were given initial @entity452 infusions at a rate of 1-2 micrograms/kg/min, and the dose was gradually increased to a maximum dose of 15 micrograms/kg/min. @entity1 were considered @entity452 responders if their cardiac output increased by at least 30% and pulmonary-capillary wedge pressure did not rise. After a sustained hemodynamic response was demonstrated, the infusion was discontinued to assess the @entity1 ' symptoms during drug-free intervals. The @entity1 were instructed and trained in proper catheter care after a venous-access catheter was surgically implanted. @entity1 were also shown how to use the ambulatory infusion pump. The @entity1 were treated with long-term intermittent @entity452 infusions for 3-24 months. All @entity1 adjusted easily to the routine of catheter and pump care and drug administration. The mean dose of @entity452 resulting in the maximum improvement in cardiac index was 9.4 micrograms/kg/min. All @entity1 observed an improvement in their symptoms of @entity712 during the drug infusions and the intervals between the infusions. There was a mean reduction of 1.2 in New York Heart Association functional class. There were 18 @entity712 -related hospital readmissions among the 11 @entity1 during 108 cumulative months of long-term @entity452 therapy. The intermittent administration of @entity452 via a portable infusion system appears to have improved the functional capacity of the 11 @entity1 studied. This may be a viable treatment alternative for selected ambulatory @entity1 with severe @entity712 who demonstrate hemodynamic improvement with @entity452 .

title: Intermittent @entity452 infusions in outpatients with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine', 'dobutamine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['congestive heart failure']


abstract: During a 12 year period, 110 @entity1 were submitted to surgery for @entity2792 . The pathologic process was @entity731 in 65, @entity5323 in 28, @entity439 in 5, aortoarteritis in 2 and 3 miscellaneous lesions. Operative procedures used on 148 renal arteries have been: nephrectomy (12), reconstructive surgery (133). Among them: endarterectomy (89), aorto-renal grafts (20) venous, dacron or arterial autografts, resection and @entity254 (10), direct reimplantation (8), angioplasty (5), arterial spleno-renal @entity254 (1). Postoperative arteriograms have been obtained in 98% of the @entity1 , 4 occlusions occurred in aorto renal grafts, no @entity715 in endarterectomy. Progression of @entity1141 and @entity731 was observed in 5 @entity1 . The overall clinical results show: cure 55%, improvement 34% and no change 11%. With a difference between @entity731 (45% cured, 40% improved, 15% no change) and @entity5323 (63% cured, 29% improved and 8% no change). Several parameters are studied correlated with the surgical result. This series support interest to treat operatively @entity2792 : 89% of @entity1 benefited from surgery.

title: Results following surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity2792 :: ('MESH:D006978', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular hypertension', 'correction of renovascular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['fibrodysplasia']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms in 6 abdominal coarctation']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity2792 :: (MESH:D006978,Disease) :: ['correction of renovascular hypertension']