abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity428 ( @entity428 ) is the most frequent presenting @entity50 ( @entity19312 ). A transient @entity63 attack as an acute mode of onset is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A right handed, forty years old @entity1 with a medical history of recurrent headaches, microcephalia and calcifications in his brain, presenting to the emergency department with left paresis that lasted a few minutes and with a complete recovery. The cerebral and neck magnetic resonance (MR) including MR angiography showed superior sagittal sinus, both transverse sinuses and right sigmoid sinus @entity715 with an increase in size of superficial cerebral venous that drained to the left sigmoid sinus. There was no evidence of @entity932 . The cerebral MR did not show any abnormal parenchymal enhancement ( @entity4 , @entity1416 , @entity548 ) including diffusion-weighted IMR. The digital subtraction angiography (ADC) confirmed the same findings as the MR angiography. The diagnosis was a chronic @entity19312 . We studied @entity64 in a young adult and we did not find other irregularities. The neurological examination was normal when the @entity1 left the hospital with an antiplatelet drug. CONCLUSIONS: Focal @entity51 is an exceptional event of a chronic vein sinus @entity715 during follow-up. Isolated cases regarding an acute time course have been described. The interest of this case lies in the fact that @entity50 rarely has transitory focal deficit in its course and we found no such description as onset symptoms.

title: [Transient XXXX attack: the only presenting @entity50 ].

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial dural malformations']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['ICHT', 'Intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1416 :: ('MESH:D020762', 'Disease') :: ['arterial or venous infarctions']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['venous sinus thrombosis', 'syndrome of dural vein sinus thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: Extensive evidence exists regarding the efficacy and acceptability of medical abortion through 63 days since last menstrual period (LMP). In Mexico City's Secretariat of Health (SSDF) outpatient facilities, @entity3927 - @entity396 medical abortion is the first-line approach for abortion care in this pregnancy range. Recent research demonstrates continued high rates of complete abortion through 70 days LMP. To expand access to legal abortion services in Mexico City (where abortion is legal through 12 weeks LMP), this study sought to assess the efficacy and acceptability of the standard outpatient approach through 70 days in two SSDF points of service. One thousand and one @entity1 seeking pregnancy termination were enrolled and given 200 mg @entity3927 followed by 800  g @entity396 24-48 hours later. @entity1 were asked to return to the clinic one week later for evaluation. The great majority of @entity1 (93.3%; 95% CI: 91.6-94.8) had complete abortions. @entity1 with pregnancies  <=8 weeks LMP had significantly higher success rates than @entity1 in the 9th or 10th weeks (94.9% vs. 90.5%; p = 0.01). The difference in success rates between the 9th and 10th weeks was not significant (90.0% vs. 91.2%; p = 0.71). The majority of @entity1 found the side effects (82.9%) and the use of @entity396 (84.4%) to be very acceptable or acceptable. This study provides additional evidence supporting an extended outpatient medical abortion regimen through 10 weeks LMP.

title: Safety, efficacy and acceptability of outpatient XXXX - @entity396 medical abortion through 70 days since last menstrual period in public sector facilities in Mexico City.

entities_list: @entity3927 :: ('MESH:D015735', 'Chemical') :: ['mifepristone']

entities_list: @entity396 :: ('MESH:D016595', 'Chemical') :: ['misoprostol']

answer: @entity3927 :: (MESH:D015735,Chemical) :: ['mifepristone']


abstract: Advanced neuroimaging techniques have been increasingly applied to the study of preterm and term @entity1 in an effort to further define the functional cerebral architecture of the developing brain. Despite improved understanding of the complex relationship between structure and function obtained through these investigations, significant questions remain regarding the nature, location, and timing of the maturational changes which occur during early development. Functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) utilizes spontaneous, low frequency (< 0.1 Hz), coherent fluctuations in blood @entity26 level dependent (BOLD) signal to identify networks of functional cerebral connections. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of its image acquisition and analysis, fcMRI offers a novel neuroimaging approach well suited to investigation of @entity1 . Recently, this methodology has been successfully applied to examine neonatal populations, defining normative patterns of large-scale neural network development in the maturing brain. The @entity400 ( @entity400 ) identified in these studies reflect the evolving cerebral structural architecture, presumably driven by varied genetic and environmental influences. Principal features of these investigations and their role in characterization of the tenets of neural network development during this critical developmental period are highlighted in this review. Despite these successes, optimal methods for fcMRI data acquisition and analysis for this population have not yet been defined. Further, appropriate schemes for interpretation and translation of fcMRI results remain unknown, a matter of increasing importance as functional neuroimaging findings are progressively applied in the clinical arena. Notwithstanding these concerns, fcMRI provides insight into the earliest forms of cerebral connectivity and therefore holds great promise for future neurodevelopmental investigations.

title: Functional connectivity MRI in XXXX : exploration of the functional organization of the developing brain.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['RSNs', 'resting-state networks']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: After radiation therapy most @entity1 experience @entity137 to some degree. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the available evidence concerning the effectivity of topical therapies on @entity1 with @entity0 that experience @entity20787 after radiotherapy. METHOD: The review included clinical trials aimed to evaluate topical therapies for prevention or treatment of acute @entity20787 in @entity1 with @entity0 , which were published between 2009 and 2014. The bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Cinahl, Cochrane Plus, IBECS and LILACS. The studies were selected independently by peer reviewers using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme in its Spanish version. RESULTS: 86 bibliographical references were identified. Twenty full-text articles of clinical trials were assessed and two were excluded because they were not completed; 12 of clinical trials evaluated topical treatment with creams and ointments, three with corticosteroid creams and other three with dressings. The effectivity of @entity1 epidermal growth factor cream, @entity4722 emulsion, topical @entity1217 , @entity288 creams and @entity2636 dressings has been shown in these clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS: Given that @entity20787 is a dynamic process, these topical agents were effective in different stages of @entity137 . Some of them delayed the onset, others decreased the development and severity of @entity137 degree and others improved the subjective symptoms ( @entity111 , pain, burning). Only @entity2636 dressings suggest effectiveness in all stages of @entity137 , in prevention, management of the different @entity137 degrees and improvement of wellbeing.

title: [Efectiveness of topical therapies in @entity1 with XXXX that experience @entity20787 . A systematic review].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['skin toxicity', 'acute skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity20787 :: ('MESH:D011855', 'Disease') :: ['radiodermatitis']

entities_list: @entity1217 :: ('MESH:D012837', 'Chemical') :: ['silver sulfadiazine']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Octreotide ( @entity2390 ) is a synthetic analog of @entity1943 , an endogenous GH inhibitory peptide that has been used as an adjunct to surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity2012 . When given sc in divided daily doses, it lowers serum GH to less than 5 micrograms/L in approximately 50% of cases. Data suggest that continuous infusions of @entity1943 analogs may be more effective in lowering GH. We have evaluated @entity73208 , a new long-acting preparation of Sandostatin, in eight @entity1 with @entity2012 . After an initial pharmacokinetic study, @entity1 received a minimum of 10 im injections of @entity73208 (20, 30, or 40 mg) at 28- or 42-day intervals. Serum GH levels decreased from 10.7 +/- 2.8 micrograms/L (mean +/- SE) at baseline to a nadir of 2.6 +/- 0.4 micrograms/L after the tenth injection, and to less than 5 micrograms/L in every patient. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I decreased from 927 +/- 108 ng/mL at baseline to 472 +/- 59 ng/mL at the end of the sixth injection and returned to normal (< 500 ng/mL) in seven of the eight @entity1 . This was associated with significant improvements in @entity10 , @entity4841 , and sweating. There was no evidence of @entity2390 accumulation, and the drug was well tolerated. To date, no @entity5990 have occurred, and serial pituitary imaging has revealed no increase in the size of the initial @entity977 . In particular, two previously untreated @entity1 have shown complete regression of the initial microadenoma and have serum GH values of less than 2.5 micrograms/L. @entity73208 is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for @entity1 with @entity2012 . Undoubtedly the initial indication for @entity73208 will be in the @entity1 who is not cured after surgery and radiotherapy, but our experience suggests that it may be used as a primary treatment in some acromegalics.

title: Depot long-acting @entity1943 analog ( XXXX ) is an effective treatment for @entity2012 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstones']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity73208 :: ('MESH:C541923', 'Chemical') :: ['Sandostatin-LAR']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity2390 :: ('MESH:D015282', 'Chemical') :: ['octreotide', 'Sandostatin']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity73208 :: (MESH:C541923,Chemical) :: ['Sandostatin-LAR']


abstract: For treatment of @entity1034 , @entity41463 ( @entity9989 ) has been the only drug available in Japan. However, IUdR is not completely satisfactory, and alternative antivirals are required. The Association for Research in Infectious @entity2194 , Japan, carried out a clinical trial in 92 cases of @entity3283 using 3 percent @entity1033 ophthalmic ointment to determine its efficacy and safety. In 63 eyes, it had an excellent effect and @entity1066 healed within seven days. In 26 eyes, it had a good effect and @entity1066 healed within 14 days or became half-size within seven days. Therefore, the response to @entity1033 in 96.8 percent of cases was excellent or good. The average healing time in 81 eyes in which @entity1066 disappeared within 14 days was 5.8 +/- 3.4 days. Including the five eyes in which @entity1066 took more than 14 days to heal, the average healing time of @entity1066 was 6.6 +/- 4.8 days. Of the 92 @entity1 treated with @entity1033 ointment, one had contact blepharoconjunctivitis and another complained of mild @entity146 . Mild @entity1036 , as another side effect of @entity1033 ointment, was observed in 22 eyes (23.9 percent) by photo-slit lamp examination, but in these @entity1 it was possible to continue treatment without complaint.

title: Clinical evaluation of @entity1033 in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1033 :: ('MESH:D000212', 'Chemical') :: ['acyclovir']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['Diseases of the Eye']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1034 :: ('MESH:D016849', 'Disease') :: ['herpetic keratitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['irritation']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['punctate keratitis']

entities_list: @entity3283 :: ('MESH:D003320', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative herpetic keratitis']

answer: @entity3283 :: (MESH:D003320,Disease) :: ['ulcerative herpetic keratitis']


abstract: Changes in mRNA levels of @entity1024 receptor (NR) subunits were studied in a @entity35 model of withdrawal from forced @entity1068 ingestion over a period of 8 days. In part, this model may reflect the epsilon-type of @entity1 @entity988 according to Jellinek (College University Press, New Haven; 1972). The epsilon-type is characterized by dipsomania over a period of several days, recurring every few months and often followed by @entity1068 -induced @entity410 . @entity410 may be modulated by an increased glutamatergic neurotransmission to excitatory or inhibitory neurons on the basis of a changed gene expression of NR subunits. This hypothesis promoted the present study. Film autoradiograms and emulsion-coated brain sections following labeling of cholinergic and GABAergic neuron populations were evaluated. @entity4474 ( @entity4474 ) expression, studied with a probe recognizing all @entity4474 transcripts, was unchanged after withdrawal from chronic @entity1068 treatment compared to control animals. Using probes specific for different splice segments of @entity4474 , however, we found that, in @entity1068 -treated @entity35 , the expression of @entity4474 -2 was decreased in all, and that of @entity4474 -4 in all but one, areas investigated (only single label experiments were performed with @entity4474 splice variants). Withdrawing @entity35 revealed a higher expression of @entity4476 ( @entity4476 ) mRNA in GABAergic neurons. No changes could be observed at the regional level. Conversely, @entity4319 mRNA was not substantially altered in cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, but showed a decrease over brain areas. For both, @entity4477 and @entity4475 , no @entity1068 -related changes of mRNA expression were observed. A link between such differential alterations in NR mRNA subunit expression and @entity1068 -induced @entity410 in withdrawing alcoholics of the epsilon-type seems possible.

title: Changes in NMDA receptor subunit gene expression in the @entity35 brain following withdrawal from forced long-term XXXX intake.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

answer: @entity1068 :: (MESH:D000431,Chemical) :: ['ethanol']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with healed @entity3179 often experience recurrence of @entity1066 , despite the use of long-term compression therapy. This study examines the effect of closing incompetent perforating veins (IPVs) on @entity1066 recurrence rates in @entity1 with progressive @entity4165 and impending @entity1066 . METHODS: @entity1 with nonhealing @entity3179 of >2 months' duration underwent duplex ultrasound to assess their lower extremity venous system for @entity337 of superficial, perforating, and deep veins. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of perforating veins was performed on @entity1 with @entity17622 6 disease with @entity2117 , @entity4165 , and/or progressive @entity158 . A minimum of 2 months of compressive therapy was attempted before endovenous ablation of IPVs. Demographic data, risk factors, @entity17622 classification, procedural details, and postoperative status were all recorded. RESULTS: Forty ulcers with 46 associated IPVs were treated with EVLA in 36 @entity1 with @entity17622 6 recalcitrant @entity3179 . Treated incompetent perforator veins were located in the medial ankle (85.7%), @entity291 (10.7%), and lateral ankle (3.5%). Endovenous laser ablation was successful in 76% (35/46) with the first laser treatment of incompetent perforator veins and 15.2% (7/46) additional ablation procedures were performed. Of the 46 treated IPVs, 42 (91.3%) were occluded on the duplex examination at 12 months. The average energy administrated per perforating vein treated was 162 joule. Two @entity1 reported localized paresthesia, which subsided spontaneously, but no @entity1150 or skin burn was observed. CONCLUSION: Especially in the case of liposclerotic or ulcerated skin in the affected region, PAP of IPVs is highly effective, safe, and appears to be feasible. @entity1 with @entity3179 appear to benefit from EVLA of incompetent perforators in order to reduce the risk of @entity1066 recurrence.

title: Combined treatment with endovenous laser ablation and compression therapy of incompetent perforating veins for treatment of recalcitrant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulceration']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['increasing hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity4165 :: ('MESH:C537026', 'Disease') :: ['lipodermatosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['active venous ulcers', 'venous ulcers']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['incompetence']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['malleolar pain']

answer: @entity3179 :: (MESH:D014647,Disease) :: ['venous ulcers']


abstract: The objective of this study is to measure interobserver variability in the classification of laryngeal mucosal @entity75 by reassessing the histopathology of previously diagnosed cases and to determine the possible therapeutic consequences of disagreement among observers. Histopathological assessment of 110 laryngeal mucosal @entity75 was done by three pathologists. Each slide had to be classified according to the World Health Organization, @entity2784 , and the Ljubljana Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions systems. After the independent assessment, a joint meeting took place. To assess the relation between histopathological grading and subsequent clinical management, we created a two- and a three-grade system besides one comprising all options. For all analyses, the SAS/STAT statistical software was used. The highest unweighted k-values concerning the all-options system are observed for the @entity2784 classification (0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.23-0.33), followed by the World Health Organization and Ljubljana classifications. For the two-grade system the Ljubljana classification shows the highest unweighted k-values (0.50, 95%, 0.39-0.61), followed by the World Health Organization and @entity2784 classifications. For the three-grade system, the unweighted k-values are similar. The implementation of weighted k-values led to higher scores within all three classification systems, although these did not exceed 0.55 (moderate agreement). Given the high level of consensus, simultaneous pathological assessment may be said to provide added value in comparison with independent assessment. In the current study, no clear tendency is observed in favor of any one classification system. The proposed three-grade system could be an improved histopathological tool because it is easier to correlate with clinical decision making and because it yields better unweighted k-values and proportions of concordance than the all-options system. Furthermore, clinical management could benefit from assessment by more than one pathologist in suspected cases of @entity1141 or @entity189 .

title: Interobserver variability of laryngeal mucosal XXXX : a histopathological evaluation.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: The abdominal ganglion neurosecretory cells responsible for the synthesis and release of two insect neurohormones, cardioacceleratory peptides 1 and 2 (CAP1 and CAP2), from the perivisceral organs (PVOs) have been identified in the @entity4079 , @entity4079 . Previous work established the existence of two groups of abdominal ganglion cell bodies with axons projecting to the PVO: four laterally-situated pairs and five pairs lying on the midline (Taghert _ Truman, 1982b). Micro-dissection and bioassay of various parts of an abdominal ganglion revealed that @entity9527 activity was greatest in the medial portion of the ganglion, the portion containing the 10 midline neurones. Six of the 10 midline neurosecretory cells, the new midline bilateral (MB) cells, appeared to differentiate post-embryonically, commencing differentiation late in the last larval instar and reaching maturity midway through adult development. The development of the new MB cells was mirrored by the accumulation of @entity9527 activity in the abdominal nerve cord. Not present in measurable amounts in larvae, @entity9527 activity was first detectable a few days after pupation and reached maximal levels midway through adult development. @entity9527 -like bioactivity was collected from the PVO in response to antidromic stimulation of the nerve containing the new MB axons. No @entity9527 -like bioactivity was detected in those preparations in which the new MB axons were severed or in which other nerves were stimulated. Intracellular stimulation of a new MB neurone evoked the release from the PVO of measurable levels of @entity9527 bioactivity. It was shown that this stimulation-evoked, cardioacceleratory activity was sensitive to protease treatment, and was released only from the cell that was stimulated. On the basis of these experiments, it was concluded that the CAPs are synthesized and secreted from the new MB cells.

title: Identification of neurones containing cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) in the ventral nerve cord of the XXXX , @entity4079 .

entities_list: @entity4079 :: ('7130', 'Species') :: ['tobacco hawkmoth', 'Manduca sexta']

answer: @entity4079 :: (7130,Species) :: ['tobacco hawkmoth']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Gastric pull-up is a common technique in the reconstruction of gastrointestinal continuity following surgery for the primary esophageal and @entity5 with involvement of the esophagus. We evaluated the results of surgery in @entity1 with cervical esophageal and @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eleven @entity1 (4 @entity1 , 7 @entity1 ; mean age 46 years; range 18 to 70 years) underwent surgery for hypopharyngeal and cervical @entity418 . Surgery included pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy, and gastric pull-up in all @entity1 . In addition, nine @entity1 had radical neck dissection on the involved side and modified radical neck dissection on the contralateral side. One @entity1 had bilateral radical neck dissection. @entity1 who were alive were followed-up for a mean period of 27 months (range 14 to 46 months). RESULTS: The one-, two-, and three-year survival rates were 54% (6/11), 36% (4/11) and 18% (2/11), respectively. Three @entity1 died from early postoperative complications, two from organ failure due to locoregional recurrence (7th month) and to distant @entity3 (11th month). CONCLUSION: Despite the small size of the study, the results favor the use of gastric pull-up in selected @entity1 with cervical esophageal and @entity5 .

title: [Gastric pull-up in hypopharyngeal and cervical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal cancers', 'hypopharyngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancers']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity6675 experience delayed intestinal motility and absorption for several weeks after birth. This @entity1944 is believed to occur primarily in the third trimester and to be largely caused by the prolonged exposure of the intestine to amniotic fluid. Previous studies have shown that prenatal @entity134 administration will enhance mucosal disaccharidase activity and nutrient uptake. The present study evaluates the effects of @entity619 on intestinal function in a @entity95 fetal @entity6675 model. Thirty-four fetuses from 10 New Zealand white @entity95 were divided into three groups: (1) @entity6675 group (GSC, n = 10), @entity6675 was created on gestational day (GD) 24 (term = 31 to 33 days); (2) @entity619 group ( @entity24575 , n = 10), after the creation of @entity6675 , a small osmotic pump was placed into the @entity95 doe for @entity619 infusion into the fetal amniotic cavity for 7 days (0.2 microgram/g/d); (3) normal group (NF, n = 10), unoperated littermates from the GSC group. There were no maternal deaths, and fetal survival rate was 85%. The fetal small intestinal disaccharidase enzyme, @entity23252 (UE/g protein), was markedly decreased in GSC fetuses. It was increased 70% in the @entity24575 group but lower than in normal fetuses (GSC = 10.0 +/- 1.6; @entity24575 = 17.3 +/- 1.6 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 48.0 +/- 6.7). Maltase activity in the @entity24575 group was significantly increased (GSC = 7.2 +/- 1.1; @entity24575 = 13.9 +/- 1.8 [ @entity24575 versus GSC, P < .05]; NF = 12.2 +/- 1.3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of intraamniotic XXXX administration on intestinal absorption in a @entity95 @entity6675 model.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

answer: @entity619 :: (MESH:D003907,Chemical) :: ['dexamethasone']


abstract: The immunosuppressant @entity2239 used in organ transplantation is formulated as a conventional tablet for adults and a dispersible tablet that can be administered in water for pediatric use. As part of the pediatric clinical development program, the relative bioavailability and food effect for the dispersible tablet were evaluated in healthy adult subjects as a prelude to characterizing the steady-state pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney allograft recipients. In a randomized, open-label, three-way crossover study, 24 healthy adults received single 1.5-mg oral doses of @entity2239 as (1) six 0.25-mg dispersible tablets in water, (2) two 0.75-mg conventional tablets, and (3) six 0.25-mg dispersible tablets in water after a high-fat breakfast. Cmax and AUC were evaluated by standard bioequivalence testing to determine relative bioavailability and to quantify the effect of food. In a multicenter open-label efficacy/safety trial, pediatric renal allograft recipients received 0.8 mg/m2 (maximum 1.5 mg) bid @entity2239 as dispersible tablets in water. Serial trough concentrations over the first week and a steady-state pharmacokinetic profile on day 7 posttransplant were collected in 19 @entity1 ranging from ages 2 to 16 years old. The bioavailability of @entity2239 from the dispersible tablet was 10% lower relative to the conventional tablet, with a ratio (90% confidence interval) of 0.90 (0.76-1.07). After a high-fat meal, tmax was delayed by a median 2.5 hours, and Cmax was reduced by 50%. Overall absorption, however, was not affected by food inasmuch as the fed/fasting AUC ratio was 0.99 (0.83-1.17). In pediatric @entity1 , steady state was reached between days 3 and 5. The corresponding steady-state parameters were as follows: Cmin, 4.4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; Cmax, 13.6 +/- 4.2 ng/ml; and AUC, 87 +/- 27 ng.h/ml. Steady-state concentration-time profiles in pediatric transplant @entity1 receiving the dispersible tablet were comparable to those of adult @entity1 receiving the conventional tablet when both were dosed to yield similar trough concentrations. If a pediatric @entity1 is converted from the @entity2239 dispersible tablet to the conventional tablet, this should be based on a 1:1 milligram switch with subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring to further individualize the dose as needed. The dispersible tablet formulation should be taken consistently either with or without food to minimize fluctuations in exposure over time.

title: Clinical development of an XXXX pediatric formulation: relative bioavailability, food effect, and steady-state pharmacokinetics.

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: Intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) is indicated for IgG replacement in antibody deficiency syndromes and as immunoregulatory therapy in some @entity792 . Two case histories illustrate both aspects of IVIG therapy. 1. @entity1 1 is a 24-year-old male with @entity7893 . He was successively treated with monthly IMIG, paternal plasma, and then over the last 5 years, IVIG. On IgG doses of 250 mg/kg q/4 weeks, IgG trough levels remained below 200 mg IgG/dl. IgG half-life was reduced. Although asymptomatic for prolonged periods of time, he eventually developed clinically evident @entity29 . Optimal IVIG replacement therapy requires normal IgG half-life and adequate IgG trough levels. 2. @entity1 2 is a 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity1398 , recurrent @entity272 , and @entity13570 unresponsive to antibiotics and to @entity134 therapy. IVIG at a dose of 3,000 mg/IgG/kg over 3 days significantly increased her neutrophil count. Subsequently, she has required 1,000 mg/kg of IVIG q/4 weeks for maintenance. Antineutrophil autoantibodies have persisted. There is synergism of IVIG with high doses of corticosteroids. The mechanism of action of IVIG seems to involve a blockage of the RES system. IVIG therapy is safe even at high doses for most @entity1 . However, anaphylactic reactions have been observed in @entity7491 @entity1 with IgE anti-IgA antibodies. The full spectrum of therapeutic applications of IVIG is still being explored. For some @entity1 self-infusion of IVIG at home is an appealing treatment alternative.

title: Clinical uses of intravenous immune globulin: immunoglobulin replacement therapy and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity7491 :: ('MESH:D017098', 'Disease') :: ['IgA-deficient']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['agammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin infections']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity792 :: (MESH:D001327,Disease) :: ['autoimmune cytopenias']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Early identification of potential recovery of @entity772 is a major challenge. We studied the additional predictive value of EEG. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-seven consecutive @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 were included in a prospective cohort study on 2 intensive care units. Continuous EEG was measured during the first 3 days. EEGs were classified as unfavorable (isoelectric, low-voltage, burst-suppression with identical bursts), intermediate, or favorable (continuous patterns), at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Outcome was dichotomized as good or poor. Resuscitation, demographic, clinical, somatosensory evoked potential, and EEG measures were related to outcome at 6 months using logistic regression analysis. Analyses of diagnostic accuracy included receiver operating characteristics and calculation of predictive values. RESULTS: Poor outcome occurred in 149 @entity1 (54%). Single measures unequivocally predicting poor outcome were an unfavorable EEG pattern at 24 hours, absent pupillary light responses at 48 hours, and absent somatosensory evoked potentials at 72 hours. Together, these had a specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 50%. For the remaining 203 @entity1 , who were still in the "gray zone" at 72 hours, a predictive model including unfavorable EEG patterns at 12 hours, absent or extensor motor response to @entity158 at 72 hours, and higher age had an area under the curve of 0.90 (95% confidence interval 0.84-0.96). Favorable EEG patterns at 12 hours were strongly associated with good outcome. EEG beyond 24 hours had no additional predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: EEG within 24 hours is a robust contributor to prediction of poor or good outcome of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 .

title: Early EEG contributes to multimodal outcome prediction of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose', 'postanoxic coma']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity772 :: (MESH:D003128,Disease) :: ['postanoxic coma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that @entity130 centers treating high volumes of severely injured @entity1 produce lower mortality rates than those with low volumes. However, the effect of individual surgeons' @entity130 caseload on outcomes has not been studied. This study compares outcomes between high-volume (HV) @entity130 surgeons admitting many @entity1 with high injury severity, and @entity258 ( @entity258 ) surgeons treating fewer critical @entity1 per year. METHODS: All @entity130 @entity1 admitted to a large Level I @entity130 center over a 12-year period were assigned to either the HV or @entity258 group, depending on the yearly volume of their admitting surgeon. Surgeons treating > 35 severely injured (Injury Severity Score > 15) @entity1 per year were considered HV. Student's t test and chi2 analysis were used to test comparability of @entity258 and HV @entity1 groups and to compare mortality rates. Mortality rates of HV and @entity258 surgeons' @entity1 were compared in six injury patterns selected to represent moderate to severe injury. TRISS methodology (z score) was also used to assess outcomes in the two groups. The inherent bias of the TRISS method in comparing @entity130 outcomes was minimized by the homogeneity of the studied @entity1 population. RESULTS: A total of 16,481 @entity1 were admitted to HV surgeons, and 4,214 @entity1 were admitted to @entity258 surgeons. In all subgroups, HV and @entity258 @entity1 were similar regarding age, sex, physiologic status at admission, injury pattern, and injury severity. Mortality rates for HV and @entity258 surgeons were not significantly different between the two groups in any injury pattern. The z score was 1.88 in the HV @entity1 group versus 0.47 in the @entity258 group. CONCLUSION: Within a single institution, mortality rates for @entity1 treated by surgeons admitting many severely injured @entity1 were not significantly different from @entity258 surgeons' @entity1 , although there was a trend toward higher mortality in the less active surgeons' @entity1 in some subgroups.

title: Does volume matter? The effect of XXXX surgeons' caseload on mortality.

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medication-related @entity2530 of the jaw (MRONJ) is a growing problem within the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery. It is defined as the presence of exposed @entity604 that does not resolve over a period of 8 weeks in a @entity1 taking @entity171 , who has not had radiotherapy to the jaw [1]. Since the first report in 2003 that highlighted the potential harm caused by MRONJ, many more @entity1 have been diagnosed with the condition [2]. The growth in recent years is likely due to the more potent drugs delivered intravenously however there is some evidence that oral @entity171 given over longer periods of time can have similar effects. Bone exposure may occur spontaneously or most commonly occurs following an invasive dental procedure, as shown in the case below [3]. PRESENTATION OF CASE: This case report demonstrates the unpredictable nature of symptoms associated with medication related @entity2530 and its management within the hospital environment. DISCUSSION: This case demonstrastes the unpredictable nature of MRONJ and how the disease can progress to cause significant morbidity. In this case extensive surgery was required to remove the @entity39 fragments of bone with no guarnatee that the @entity39 will stop spreading. CONCLUSION: It seems a matter of great importance that the lasting effects of MRONJ are known to general dental and medical practitioners alike. Nationally recognised evidence based guidelines are lacking and uniformity in the management of MRONJ is required amongst the speciality.

title: Pathological fracture of the coronoid process secondary to medication-related XXXX of the jaw (MRONJ).

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic alveolar bone']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2530 :: (MESH:D010020,Disease) :: ['osteonecrosis']


abstract: Peripheral and central oculomotor organization was studied in the @entity2083 . The sizes of the extraocular muscles were quantified by counting the fibers contained in a given muscle and by area measurements of the cross-sectional surfaces. All the muscles were of approximately similar size. Kinematics were determined by electrical stimulation of a given muscle. The macroscopic appearance and kinematics of the muscles had the characteristics of other lateral-eyed animals (e.g., @entity95 ). Locations of extraocular motor neurons were found by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) following injections into individual extraocular muscles. The eye muscles were innervated by four ipsilateral (lateral rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus) and two contralateral (superior rectus, superior oblique) motor neuron pools. The oculomotor nucleus was found in the midbrain, at the level of the caudal zone of the @entity75 . Inferior rectus motor neurons were located rostrally in the oculomotor nucleus, whereas medial rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique motor neurons were intermingled in its more caudal portions. All labelled cells were located dorsally and medially to the @entity3057 ( @entity3057 ) in close proximity to either the floor of the ventricle or the midline region. Occasionally, motor neurons were interspersed within the fiber bundles of the @entity3057 or the exiting fibers of the oculomotor nerve. The trochlear nucleus, containing superior oblique motor neurons, was found in the immediate lateral and caudal neighborhood of the oculomotor nucleus, where its rostral border overlapped with the caudal border of the latter. The abducens nucleus, containing lateral rectus motor neurons, was located in the posterior brainstem in the neighborhood of the vestibular nuclear complex. This nucleus was divided into a rostral and a caudal portion. The axons of ipsilaterally projecting motor neurons headed toward their respective nerve roots via the shortest possible route, as did the axons of superior rectus motor neurons, which crossed the midline without detour to enter the contralateral oculomotor nerve. In contrast, trochlear motor neuron axons arched around the dorsal aspect of the ventricle through the cerebellar commissure to reach the contralateral trochlear nerve. The morphology of individual motor neurons was visualized by intrasomatic injection of HRP. Cell somata had oblong shapes, and their large dendrites were oriented laterally and ventrally. The axons did not collateralize within the midbrain region or the oculomotor nerve as far as they could be traced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Peripheral and central oculomotor organization in the @entity2083 , XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['inferior lobe of the hypothalamus']

entities_list: @entity3057 :: ('MESH:D017887', 'Disease') :: ['medial longitudinal fasciculus', 'MLF']

answer: @entity2083 :: (7957,Species) :: ['Carassius auratus']


abstract: Natural killer T cells with invariant ab-T cell receptors (TCRs) (iNKT cells) constitute a lipid-responsive arm of the innate immune system that has been implicated in the regulation or promotion of various immune, infectious and @entity5 . @entity5526 ( @entity5526 ), also known as @entity56 or @entity56 contact @entity1909 , is one such immune process that begins with topical sensitization to an allergen and culminates in a localized cutaneous inflammatory response after challenge with the same allergen. @entity5526 depends on events initiated early in sensitization by hepatic iNKT cells. We have shown previously that these iNKT cells release @entity58 early after skin sensitization to activate B-1 B cells to produce IgM antibodies that aid in local recruitment of the effector T cells. Here, we utilize adoptive transfer techniques in several strains of knockout @entity19 to demonstrate that hepatic lipids isolated 30 min after sensitization are significantly more stimulatory to na  ve hepatic iNKT cells than hepatic lipids isolated after sham sensitization. These stimulatory hepatic lipids specifically affect iNKT cells and not B-1 B cells. The downstream @entity5526 response is abrogated with anti- @entity776 -blocking antibodies, suggesting a critical role of @entity776 in the activation of hepatic iNKT cells with these lipids. Hepatocytes may not be essential, as donor hepatic iNKT cells can reconstitute @entity5526 without migrating to the recipient @entity19 liver. Rather, @entity776 -expressing liver mononuclear cells are sufficient for activation of iNKT cells. In conclusion, stimulatory lipids accumulate in the liver soon after sensitization and facilitate iNKT cell activation in a @entity776 -dependent yet potentially hepatocyte-independent manner.

title: Stimulatory lipids accumulate in the @entity19 liver within 30 min of contact sensitization to facilitate the activation of Na  ve iNKT cells in a XXXX -dependent fashion.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic processes']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'Contact sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['contact hypersensitivity', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity776 :: (12479(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['CD1d']


abstract: @entity5472 is an extremely rare @entity4801 in which the larvae of incomplete differentiated sparganum proliferate in the @entity1 bone. We present the first case of @entity5472 arising in the long bone. The @entity1 was a 51-year-old @entity1 who complained of a slow growing painful mass on his right leg. The radiographic findings showed an infiltrative @entity690 with speckled calcification at the proximal tibia the clinical diagnosis of which favored @entity511 . Incisional biopsy revealed an innumerable number of small globular shapes, whitish parasites. Histologically, the parasites were composed of a few layers of smooth muscle and several calcerous bodies that were enclosed within a single row of tegumental cells. The latter exhibited a wavy appearance and coated with microvilli. These morphologic findings confirmed the nature of these maldifferentiated larvae. The @entity1 was treated by partial resection of the lesion. This should remind clinicians that @entity281 of the bone can produce a @entity5 -like lesion.

title: XXXX : a case report and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic infection']

entities_list: @entity5472 :: ('MESH:D013031', 'Disease') :: ['intraosseous proliferative sparganosis', 'Intraosseous proliferative sparganosis']

entities_list: @entity690 :: ('MESH:D030981', 'Disease') :: ['osteolytic lesion']

entities_list: @entity4801 :: ('MESH:D010272', 'Disease') :: ['parasitic disease']

answer: @entity5472 :: (MESH:D013031,Disease) :: ['Intraosseous proliferative sparganosis']


abstract: The E2F/Pocket protein (Rb) pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, and @entity204 by modulating gene expression. We previously examined this pathway in the myocardium via manipulation of the unique E2F repressor, @entity35826 , which is believed to repress gene activity independently of Rb. @entity19 with targeted expression of @entity35826 in postnatal myocardium developed @entity384 ( @entity384 ) without @entity851 . We assessed the mechanisms of the apparent failure of compensatory @entity851 as well as their response to the b-adrenergic agonist @entity3044 . As early as 2weeks, @entity35826 transgenic (Tg) @entity19 present with dilated thinner left ventricles and significantly reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening which persists at 6weeks of age, but with no apparent increase in left ventricle weight: body weight (LVW:BW). @entity35826 -Tg @entity19 treated with @entity3044 (6.1mg/kg/day) show double the increase in LVW:BW than their Wt counterparts (32% vs 16%, p-value: 0.007). Western blot analysis revealed the activation of the adrenergic pathway in Tg heart tissue under basal conditions with ~2-fold increase in the level of b2-adrenergic receptors (p-value: 8.9E-05), protein kinase A catalytic subunit (PKA-C) (p-value: 0.0176), activated c-Src @entity4149 -protein kinase (p-value: 0.0002), @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ) (p-value: 0.0005), and induction of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity1379 (p-value 0. 0.00001). In contrast, a ~60% decrease in the cardiac growth regulator: @entity1994 (p-value 0.0001) and a ~four fold increase in @entity1919 dependent @entity37447 ( @entity37447 ), the negative regulator of PKA activity, were evident in the myocardium of @entity35826 -Tg @entity19 . The expression of @entity41716 was down-regulated by @entity35826 , but was restored by @entity3044 . Further, Rb expression was down-regulated in Tg @entity19 in response to @entity3044 implying a net activation of the E2F pathway. Thus the unique regulation of E2F activity by @entity35826 renders the myocardium hypersensitive to adrenergic stimulus resulting in robust @entity851 . These data reveal a novel interplay between the E2F pathway, b2-adrenergic/PKA/ @entity37447 , and @entity13436 /c-Src axis in fine tuning the pathological @entity851 response. @entity35826 deregulates @entity41716 such that pro- @entity851 and survival are enhanced via b2-adrenergic signaling however this response is outweighed by the induction of anti- @entity1184 signals so that left ventricle dilation proceeds without any increase in muscle mass.

title: Interplay between the E2F pathway and b-adrenergic signaling in the pathological XXXX response of myocardium.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic growth']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['DCM', 'dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK2', 'extracellular receptor kinase 2', 'ERK']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic']


abstract: PROBLEM: To evaluate differences in circulating @entity2940 + cells between successful and unsuccessful pregnancies, 114 pregnant @entity1 were studied prospectively. METHOD: Seventy @entity1 had a history of @entity249 ( @entity249 ) and 44 had two or more @entity2208 (RSA). Among the @entity249 @entity1 , 12 were donor egg recipients (DER) and 15 underwent intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for treatment of @entity4810 . Nineteen @entity1 were carrying @entity6677 ( @entity6677 ) and 55 had singleton gestations (SG). Thirteen additional @entity1 were receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). RESULTS: The percentage of @entity2940 + cells was determined in 310 blood samples from 114 pregnant @entity1 by flow cytometry. The prevalence of @entity1 with persistent elevation of percent of 56+ cells (> 12%) was 58% among DER, 73% among ICSI, 37% among @entity6677 , 22% among SG, 18% among RSA, and 39% among @entity249 . Thirteen @entity1 with SG received IVIG, 10 had @entity2940 + cells greater than 12% and all 13 experienced live births. @entity1 with percentage @entity2940 + cells persistently greater than 12% who were not DER, not ICSI, not receiving IVIg, and not carrying @entity6677 had a live birth rate of 11%. @entity1 with greater than 12% @entity2940 + cells had normal karyotype in 78% of concepti studied in contrast to @entity1 less than 12% @entity2940 + cells who had 68% abnormal karyotypes (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Elevated @entity2940 + cells in pregnant @entity1 who are not DER, not ICSI, not receiving IVIg, and not carrying @entity6677 predicts loss of a karyotypically normal conceptus with a specificity of 87% and positive predictive value of 78%. While the specificity value of this test is high in both @entity249 and RSA populations, the sensitivity is 86% in RSA and only 54% in @entity249 suggesting this test does not identify all losses among @entity249 . It may identify a subset of pregnancies at risk for loss of a karyotypically normal embryo that may respond to treatment with IVIg.

title: Systemic XXXX + cells can predict pregnancy outcome.

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['previous spontaneous abortions']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'infertile', 'INF']

entities_list: @entity6677 :: ('MESH:D016640', 'Disease') :: ['MG', 'multiple gestations']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['male factor infertility']

answer: @entity2940 :: (4684,Gene) :: ['CD56']


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to determine the predictors of technical success and patency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of de novo dysfunctional hemodialysis @entity2548 ( @entity2548 ). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of first time PTA in 228 @entity1 (129 @entity1 , 99 @entity1 ; mean age, 56.8  14.6 years). Anatomical (location, length, grade, and number of stenoses) and clinical variables (sex, age, prior @entity2548 , @entity6 , @entity2548 age, side, and location) were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 330 stenoses were found in 228 @entity1 . PTA was technically successful in 96.3% of the stenoses (n=319). Clinical success was achieved in 97.2% (n=321). Early dysfunction (within six months) was positively correlated with @entity1 age (P < 0.001) and @entity6 (P < 0.005). Older age (P < 0.001) and @entity6 (P = 0.002) were associated with a lower primary patency rate. @entity1 age (P %lt; 0.001), presence of @entity6 (P = 0.023), length of @entity850 (P = 0.003), early recurrence (P = 0.003) and presence of residual @entity850 (P = 0.014) were associated with a lower secondary patency rate. CONCLUSION: Patency of dysfunctional hemodialysis fistulas can be maintained safely with continuous follow-up and repeated interventions without shortening the venous segment by surgical revision. Percutaneous approach to hemodialysis access @entity850 is an alternative to the conventional surgical approach and PTA is an effective treatment method for dysfunctional @entity2548 .

title: Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty in XXXX of native hemodialysis @entity2548 : technical success and analysis of factors affecting postprocedural fistula patency.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['AVF', 'arteriovenous fistulas']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inadequate relief of @entity158 is a major reason of increased occurrence of @entity260 . We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and @entity616 ( @entity616 ) to relieve @entity158 after thoracotomy procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 40 @entity1 who underwent thoracotomy. @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive either @entity616 (group P, n   =   20) or TENS (group T, n   =   20) for @entity282 . The electrodes of TENS were placed 2 cm under and 2 cm over the thoracotomy cut on both posterior and anterior sides. The surgeon inserted paravertebral catheters using direct vision at the end of the surgery. A @entity1 -controlled analgesia (PCA) device was connected to all @entity1 . Visual analog scales, @entity1 demand, and consumption of @entity1340 were evaluated postoperatively. RESULTS: Mean visual analog scale (VAS) values were significantly lower in group P for all time points. The @entity1 in group P needed lower amounts of opioid ( @entity1340 ) and the difference was statistically significant (258.4        13.52   mg vs. 314.4        8.65   mg, p   =   0.005). In addition, the number of demand attempts recorded from the PCA device was significantly lower in group P (14.95        13.64 vs. 26.7        17.34, respectively and p   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: TENS has beneficial effects for @entity158 relief after thoracotomy, without any side effects; however, it cannot provide sufficient @entity158 relief when compared with @entity616 .

title: Comparison of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Paravertebral Block for Postthoracotomy XXXX Relief.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'postthoracotomy pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['PVB', 'paravertebral block']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential prognostic value of several commonly investigated immunohistochemical markers in resected @entity788 is variably reported. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature evaluating @entity876 , @entity986 , @entity1594 , @entity588 , @entity589 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity470 ( @entity470 ) expression as prognostic factors in resected @entity788 and to conduct a subsequent meta-analysis to quantify the overall prognostic effect. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified using Medline, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science. The primary end point was overall survival assessed on univariate analysis. Only studies analysing resected @entity788 were eligible for inclusion and the summary log(e) hazard ratio (logHR) and variance were pooled using an inverse variance approach. Evidence of heterogeneity was evaluated using the   (2) test for heterogeneity and its impact on the meta-analysis was assessed by the I(2) statisic. Hazard ratios greater than one reflect adverse survival associated with positive immunostaining. RESULTS: @entity7 emerged as the most potentially informative prognostic marker (11 eligible studies, n=767, HR=1.51 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.18-1.92)) with no evidence of any significant publication bias (Egger's test, P=0.269). @entity588 (5 eligible studies, n=314, HR=0.51 (95% CI=0.38-0.68)), @entity589 (5 studies, n=274, HR=0.63 (95% CI=0.48-0.83)) and @entity986 (3 studies, n=229, HR=0.63 (95% CI=0.43-0.92)) also returned significant overall survival differences, but in smaller @entity1 series due to a lack of evaluable literature. Neither @entity876 (17 studies, n=925, HR=1.22 (95% CI=0.96-1.56)), @entity1594 (5 studies, n=540, HR=0.88 (95% CI=0.61-1.27)) nor @entity470 (4 studies, n=250, HR=1.35 (95% CI=0.80-2.27)) was found to represent significant prognostic factors when analysing the pooled @entity1 data. There was evidence of significant heterogeneity in four of the seven study groups. CONCLUSION: These results support the case for immunohistochemical expression of @entity7 representing a significant and reproducible marker of adverse prognosis in resected @entity788 .

title: Meta-analysis of immunohistochemical prognostic markers in resected XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular endothelial growth factor', 'vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the need for ileo-obturator node dissection in @entity1 with @entity263 who are undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Over a 5-year-period, 95 @entity1 underwent bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. Ninety were performed in association with planned radical prostatectomy and five were staging procedures in clinical stage T3 @entity1 prior to radiotherapy or hormonal therapy. The @entity1 with @entity263 were stage @entity13712 (one @entity1 ), T1b (21), T2a (30), and T2b (38). Pre-operative biopsies in the @entity1 with @entity5 were well differentiated in 44 @entity1 , moderately well differentiated in 45 and poorly differentiated in one. In the @entity1 with T3 @entity5 , pre-operative biopsies were well differentiated in one, moderately well differentiated in two and poorly differentiated in two. @entity1486 (PSA) levels ranged from 0.4 to 110.1 ng/mL (Hybritech assay). RESULTS: Two @entity1 had positive lymph node dissections on fixed section. These two @entity1 had well-differentiated @entity66 with a PSA level of 72.4 ng/mL and poorly differentiated @entity66 with a PSA level of 58.5 ng/mL. There was significant upstaging (P < 0.001) and upgrading (P < 0.001) on pathological examination. None of the 71 @entity1 with a PSA < or = 10 ng/mL had positive lymph nodes compared with 8.3% of the 24 @entity1 with a PSA > 10 ng/mL (P = 0.0618). Lymph node @entity3 were present in 1% of @entity1 with well or moderately well-differentiated @entity263 on pre-operative biopsy versus 33% with poorly differentiated disease (P = 0.0625). These P values strongly suggest an association, achieving significance only at the 10% level which might be the more appropriate level given the relative lack of power of the study due to the small number of @entity1 with positive lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that routine ileo-obturator node dissection in @entity1 with well or moderately well-differentiated, @entity263 and a PSA level < 10 ng/mL may be unnecessary, especially as a separate procedure.

title: Should we reconsider the indications for ileo-obturator node dissection with XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T3 disease', 'T1b disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['localized cancer', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: In the present work, we show that intracellular @entity1527 is rarely found in the livers of acutely infected @entity19 , but @entity32 is commonly observed. The presence of numerous intrahepatic amastigotes in infected @entity60 )-deficient @entity19 corroborates the notion that the liver is protected by an efficient local immunity. The contribution of different cell populations was suggested by data showing that @entity1961 - and CD8-deficient @entity19 were able to restrain liver parasite growth. Therefore, we have characterized the liver-infiltrating lymphocytes and determined the sources of @entity60 during acute @entity1527 @entity281 . We observed that natural killer (NK) cells increased by day 7, while T and B cells increased by day 14. Among CD3+ cells, @entity1961 +, CD8+, and @entity1961 - CD8- cell populations were greatly expanded. A large fraction of CD3+ cells were positive for PanNK, a beta1 integrin expressed by NK and NK T cells. However, these lymphocytes were not classic NK T cells because they did not express @entity11386 and showed no preferential usage of Vbeta8. Otherwise, liver NK T (CD3+ @entity11386 +) cells were not increased in acutely infected @entity19 . The majority of PanNK+ @entity1961 + and PanNK+ CD8+ cells expressed T-cell receptor alphabeta (TCRalphabeta), whereas PanNK+ @entity1961 - CD8- cells were positive for TCRgammadelta. In fact, gammadelta T cells showed the most remarkable increase (40- to 100-fold) among liver lymphocytes. Most importantly, intracellular analysis revealed high levels of @entity60 production at day 7 by NK cells and at day 14 by @entity1961 +, CD8+, and @entity1961 - CD8- TCRgammadelta+ cells. We concluded that NK cells are a precocious source of @entity60 in the livers of acutely infected @entity19 , and, as the disease progresses, conventional @entity1961 + and CD8+ T cells and gammadelta T cells, but not classic NK-T cells, may provide the @entity60 required for liver protection against @entity1527 .

title: Contribution of NK, NK T, gamma delta T, and alpha beta T cells to the gamma interferon response required for liver protection against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity60 :: ('15978(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'gamma interferon (IFN-gamma']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: Although there is no current evidence for ras gene mutation in @entity320 , there is an increasing body of evidence indicating that deregulated intracellular signalling pathways are involved in @entity320 pathogenesis. The various components of the linear Raf/ @entity8047 / @entity3963 signalling pathway have been implicated in various @entity5 . We therefore investigated the role of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in the proliferation of @entity1 normal choroidal melanocytes (NCM) and cells from the ocular @entity320 ( @entity27521 ) cell line. @entity27521 cells proliferated four times faster than NCM. High basal activation of the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module was observed in unstimulated @entity27521 cells, whereas rapid and persistent activation was detected after serum stimulation, throughout the 24-h period of culture. In contrast, the activation of @entity8047 / @entity3963 was barely detectable in unstimulated NCM and occurred late (6 h) after the stimulation of cell proliferation. Inhibition of @entity10242 and MEK1/2 activation by pharmacological approaches and of the production of @entity10242 and ERK1/2 by antisense oligonucleotide approaches demonstrated that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module controlled proliferation in @entity27521 cells, but not in NCM. @entity27521 cells produced very low levels of @entity13525 , whereas NCM produced constant, high levels of @entity13525 . The inhibition of @entity10242 or MEK1/2 induced a large increase in @entity13525 in @entity27521 cells, associated with an arrest of cell proliferation. Levels of @entity517 production were high and constant in @entity27521 cells and low in NCM, in contrast to what was observed for @entity13525 . The inhibition of both @entity10242 and MEK1/2 induced a decrease in @entity517 production and downregulated @entity517 activity by preventing @entity517 phosphorylation in @entity27521 cells. We conclude that @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module control the production of both @entity13525 and @entity517 , and the activation of @entity517 for @entity27521 cell proliferation.

title: Opposite long-term regulation of @entity517 and @entity13525 through overactivation of @entity10242 and the @entity8047 / @entity3963 module in proliferating @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['choroidal melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6494 ( @entity6494 ) is caused by @entity2662 ). India is considered as a nonendemic region for @entity2662 . Recent upsurge of cases have been noted in southern parts of India. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective was to describe skin manifestations in various types of @entity6494 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical examination, blood investigations, skin biopsies, lymph node biopsies, and immunohistochemistry were performed in five @entity1 . Flow cytometry was performed in two cases. RESULTS: Serological testing was positive for @entity2662 in all @entity1 . All @entity1 presented with @entity272 . Rare presentations of molluscum contagiosum like papules, purpuric macules and plaques, hypopigmented macules and verrucous papules were seen. @entity281 occurred in two @entity1 . @entity3137 was seen in one @entity1 . Histological features include @entity706 with or without epidermotropism. Presence of epidermotropism did not correlate with the severity of disease. All @entity1 except one succumbed to illness within few months to 1 year period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6494 manifest in myriad presentations and @entity272 are often the earliest manifestation. Cutaneous manifestations of @entity6494 vary from subtle hypopigmented macules to florid nodular lesions, and @entity2662 screening need to be carried out in all doubtful cases.

title: Multifaceted XXXX in India: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['dermal lymphoid infiltrate']

entities_list: @entity6494 :: ('MESH:D015459', 'Disease') :: ['Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma', 'ATL']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Dermatophytic infections']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['Mucosal lesion']

entities_list: @entity2662 :: ('11908', 'Species') :: ['HTLV-1', 'human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1']

answer: @entity6494 :: (MESH:D015459,Disease) :: ['adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate pharmacological treatment strategies used by residential primary care providers for @entity1 with @entity303 . METHODS: A postal questionnaire survey was sent to all residential primary care providers, internists, neurologists and psychiatrists (n = 689) in the western region of Austria. RESULTS: The response rate (53 %) was similar in all four physician groups. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are considered to have a higher efficacy (p < 0.0005) compared to nootropic drugs. However, the vast majority of primary care providers (95 %) prescribe nootropic drugs. Two thirds (64 %) of the primary care providers prescribe acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The @entity303 subtype influences the prescription frequency of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but not the specific choice of nootropic compound. Half of the primary care providers (52 %) combine antidementia drugs. Nearly two-thirds (62 %) of all primary care providers frequently prescribe antidepressants. Specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors are applied by the majority of primary care providers (96 %). About one-third (39 %) of primary care providers and internists (29 %) prescribe tricyclic antidepressants. Antipsychotics are applied frequently by around a quarter (29 %) of all physicians. More than half of primary care providers (62 %) and internists (58 %) treat @entity1 with typical antipsychotics. Psychiatrists and neurologists are significantly more reluctant to prescribe tricyclic antidepressants and typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of scientific evidence, residential primary care providers combine antidementia drugs very frequently. Therefore, controlled studies on combination therapies are urgently needed; in contrast to neurologists and psychiatrists, primary care providers and internists frequently prescribe tricyclic antidepressants and typical antipsychotics. The reasons for this should be clarified in further studies.

title: Pharmacological treatment strategies of residential primary care providers in XXXX diseases--results of a representative survey in western Austria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: A double-blind controlled clinical trial on the medical treatment of the acute episode of duodenal @entity1066 and the prevention of symptomatic relapses was performed. A total of 164 @entity1 with active duodenal @entity1066 were either treated with @entity4444 1 g/day (70 @entity1 ), @entity73140 ( @entity6136 ) 1.5 g/day (64 @entity1 ) or @entity6136 2.5 g/day (30 @entity1 ). @entity6136 is an allegedly protective agent stimulating mucosal @entity3009 synthesis. Cumulative healing rates after 4 weeks in the 3 groups were 66, 28 and 28% and after 8 weeks 94, 70 and 63%, respectively. One hundred and five @entity1 with healed duodenal @entity1066 received, in a second double-blind study, either @entity6136 0.5 g/day or placebo. Thus, @entity1066 was more rapid with @entity4444 than with @entity6136 . @entity6136 did not prevent relapses. No presenting characteristic was associated with slow healing. Three presenting characteristics--smoking, teetotalling and @entity548 episode in the past--were associated with early symptomatic relapse. The present study was compared with a previous study performed by the same group of investigators using a similar study protocol. In both trials, an early relapse was associated with smoking. No other presenting characteristic was identified which in both trials was associated with slow healing or early symptomatic relapse. Thus, smoking appears to be the only one of the commonly available presenting characteristics which allows a prediction of the course of @entity4773 .

title: Presenting characteristics of XXXX with duodenal @entity1066 and outcome of medical treatment in controlled clinical trials using @entity4444 and diethylamine persilate to treat @entity1066 attack and diethylamine persilate and placebo to prevent relapses.

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity4773 :: ('MESH:D004381', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity73140 :: ('MESH:C030970', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylaminepersilate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: At the first stage of a pilot study involving 14 parkinsonians with motor @entity6372 , treatment with standard Madopar was substituted by a sustained-release form, Madopar HBS, which attenuated @entity6372 in @entity1 with end-of-dose impairment, but achieved only moderate improvement in @entity1 with on-off phenomena. In a second phase of the trial, 4 parkinsonians exhibiting the most severe @entity6372 of mobility and the poorest response to Madopar HBS (Hydrodynamically Balanced System) were selected for treatment with a combined regimen utilizing subcutaneous @entity30303 infusions as the additional component. The sequence of the trial was as follows: 1. standard Madopar, 2. Madopar HBS, 3. standard Madopar combined with @entity30303 infusions and 4. Madopar HBS combined with @entity30303 infusions. Steady improvement was observed along the lines of this schedule, but the best results were obtained when Madopar HBS was combined with @entity30303 infusions. Subsequently motor @entity6372 were less marked or disappeared, early-morning @entity191 decreased and @entity3519 was not recorded any longer. Even better results could be accomplished in an extended trial attempting to establish the best dosage ratio of the combination, possibly admitting increased dosage. The tolerance of the combined regimen was excellent, except in one @entity1 who transiently exhibited delusions and @entity551 . The combination of sustained-release Madopar and continuous infusions of the dopaminergic agonist @entity30303 seems to prove a more physiological and effective regimen for the treatment of severe motor @entity6372 .

title: A combined regimen of subcutaneous XXXX and oral Madopar HBS in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinson symptoms']

entities_list: @entity6372 :: ('MESH:C538007', 'Disease') :: ['fluctuations']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['postural hypotension']

answer: @entity30303 :: (MESH:D008090,Chemical) :: ['lisuride']


abstract: By means of a sentence-picture matching task, 22 Broca-aphasics, 22 @entity244 , 16 @entity1 with damage to the right hemisphere and 16 neurologically normal subjects were tested for their ability to understand the actor-object-relation within a sentence. The 4 groups were approximately matched for sex, education, age and general severeness of disease. The stimulus sentences were constructed in such a way that the actor-object-relations were unambiguously clear by morphological means as e.g. case endings; thus, no error should be made by a subject operating on a purely algorithmic grammatical basis. One half of the sentences were irreversible, the other half reversible, i.e. the identification of the actor-object-relation was helped by a semantic cue in one half of the sentences, in the other half not. Crossed with this semantic factor was the syntatic factor "constituent order": one half of the sentences were presented in the normal order "actor-action-object", the other half in the topicalized form "object-action-actor" which is quite possible in German because of its free word order. Overall, the Broca-aphasics made less errors than the Wernicke- @entity1 . The error pattern of the aphasics suggests that both aphasic groups remain responsive to semantic constraints as well as to constituent order: both groups made more errors in reversible than in irreversible sentences and both groups made more errors in topicalized than in normal sentences. There were no significant group differences in these two respects. The only group difference was that Broca-aphasics tended to neglect the syntactic aspect of constituent order if a semantic cue was given, while the @entity244 continued to take the constituent order into account even in sentences where a semantic cue was present. In the light of the findings of the experiment, the hypothesis that @entity5785 is characterized by a supramodal blockade of syntax is disputed.

title: Strategies of decoding actor-object-relations by aphasic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5785 :: ('MESH:D001039', 'Disease') :: ["Broca's aphasia"]

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ['Wernicke-aphasics']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as a diagnostic and treatment procedure is used in most biliary tract and pancreatic. Either sedation or general anesthesia could be considered for this procedure. Combining a sedative with an opioid agent can provide effective moderate sedation. This study compared the impact of @entity3652 - @entity3575 (KF) versus propofol-remifentanil (PR) on sedation scale in @entity1 undergoing ERCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 80 @entity1 selected by convenient sampling, allocated randomly into two groups. KF group received @entity3652 0.5 mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then @entity3575 1 mcg/kg body weight intravenously. PR group received @entity1875 l mg/kg body weight intravenously over 60 s and then remifentanil 0.05 mcg/kg body weight/min intravenously. Intravenous (IV) infusion of @entity1875 was maintained by 50 mcg/kg body weight/min throughout ERCP. Ramsay Sedation Score, vital signs, @entity26 saturation (SpO2), recovery score (modified Aldrete score) and visual analog scales of @entity158 intensity, and endoscopist's satisfaction were considered as measured outcomes. All analysis were analyzed by SPSS Statistics version 22 and using t-test, Chi-square and repeated measured ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests for data analysis. RESULTS: Respiratory rate and SpO2 level during the time intervals were lower in PR group (P < 0.001). Sedation score at intervals was not significantly different (P = 0.07). The frequency of @entity386 in PR group was significantly higher than the KF group (P = 0.003). The percentage of need to supplemental @entity26 in PR group was 35.1% that was also significantly higher than 8.8% in the KF group (P = 0.008), but the dosage frequency was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The KF and PR groups average length of stay in the recovery room were 50.71 standard deviation (SD = 9.99) and 42.57 (SD = 11.99) minutes, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P = 0.003). The mean severity of @entity390 in KF and PR groups was, respectively, 2.74 confidence interval (CI = 1.68-3.81) and 0.43 (CI = 0.11-0.75), that was significantly higher in KF group (P < 0.001). The average score of surgeon satisfaction in both KF and PR groups were 7.69 (CI = 7.16-8.21) and 8.65 (CI = 8.25-9.05), respectively, which was higher in KF group (P = 0.004), but the average level of @entity1 satisfaction in KF group was 8.86 (CI = 8.53-9.19) and in PR group was 8.95 (CI - 8.54-9.35) that were not significantly different (P = 0.074). CONCLUSION: There is no statistically significant difference between KF and PR combinations in sedation score, but PR combination provides better @entity158 control, with less @entity390 and shorter recovery time while causing more respiratory side effects, that is, @entity386 and need to @entity26 .

title: Assessment of the effects of XXXX - @entity3575 combination versus @entity1875 -remifentanil combination for sedation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity3652 :: (MESH:D007649,Chemical) :: ['ketamine']


abstract: In 1982 a two dose regimen was introduced in Sweden for the combined vaccination against measles, mumps, and @entity2462 of @entity1 aged 18 months and 12 years. Since 1977 about half of the preschool @entity1 were vaccinated against measles annually, and since 1974 about 80% of 12 year old @entity1 were vaccinated against @entity2462 . During the period 1982 to 1985 90-93% of the eligible age cohorts of 18 month old @entity1 and 88-91% of the 12 year old @entity1 were immunised with the new combined vaccine. A study in 1982 of about 140 18 month old @entity1 who were nearly all seronegative before vaccination showed that 96%, 92%, and 99% seroconverted against measles, mumps, and @entity2462 , respectively. A second study was carried out in 1983 of 247 12 year old @entity1 , of whom 11% lacked antibodies to measles, 27% to mumps, and 45% to @entity2462 . This showed seroconversion in 82% and 80% against measles and mumps, respectively, and all @entity1 seroconverted against @entity2462 . In the latest study in 1985 of 496 12 year olds 9% and 13% were seronegative against measles and mumps before vaccination, and 41% against @entity2462 . Of these, 88% seroconverted to measles and 80% to mumps, and all converted to @entity2462 when sera were tested by the haemolysis in gel method. After a neutralisation test against measles as well all @entity1 showed immunity to the disease. A low incidence of measles and declining figures for mumps and @entity2462 were reported in 1984 to 1986. An outbreak of @entity2462 during 1985 affected mainly @entity1 in age cohorts in which only the @entity1 had been vaccinated during the 1970s.

title: Swedish experience of two dose vaccination programme aiming at eliminating measles, mumps, and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['boys', 'girls', 'children']

answer: @entity2462 :: (MESH:D012409,Disease) :: ['rubella']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To review our early operative results and endoscopic findings after laparoscopic fundoplication for @entity355 ( @entity355 ). METHODS: From January 1995 through December 2000, 49 @entity1 with @entity355 (35 @entity1 and 14 @entity1 ) underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Median age was 54 years (range, 28 to 85 years). No @entity1 had high-grade @entity1141 ; 6, however, had @entity258 . All 49 @entity1 had @entity354 . Heartburn was present in 41 @entity1 (84%), @entity1282 in 16 (33%), epigastric or @entity662 in 9 (18%), and other symptoms in 16 (33%). A Nissen fundoplication was performed in 48 @entity1 and a partial posterior fundoplication in 1. Forty-one @entity1 (84%) had concomitant @entity357 repair. RESULTS: There were no deaths. Complications occurred in 2 @entity1 (4%). Follow-up was complete in 48 @entity1 (98%) and ranged from 1 to 81 months (median, 29 months). Functional results were classified as excellent in 33 @entity1 (69%), good in 9 (19%), fair in 5 (10%), and poor in 1 (2%). Thirty-three @entity1 (67%) underwent postoperative surveillance esophagoscopy with biopsy. Nine @entity1 (18%) had total regression of @entity355 and 3 (6%) had a decrease in total length. In the 6 @entity1 with preoperative @entity258 , @entity1141 was not found in 4, remained unchanged in 1, and progressed to in situ @entity420 in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic fundoplication is effective in controlling symptoms in the majority of @entity1 with @entity355 . While disappearance of @entity355 may occur in some @entity1 , the possibility of developing @entity420 is not eliminated by laparoscopic fundoplication. Therefore, endoscopic surveillance should continue.

title: XXXX : the role of laparoscopic fundoplication.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ['BE', "Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity357 :: ('MESH:D006551', 'Disease') :: ['hiatal hernia']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity355 :: (MESH:D001471,Disease) :: ['Barrett's esophagus']


abstract: Major surface protein 1 (MSP1) of the @entity291 pathogen @entity16451 (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is a complex of two proteins, MSP1a and MSP1b. Previous studies demonstrated that MSP1a and MSP1b are adhesins for @entity291 erythrocytes, while only MSP1a proved to be an adhesin for tick cells. In this study, a tick cell culture system for propagation of A. marginale was used to develop an infection inhibition assay for testing the ability of antisera to @entity281 of A. marginale for cultured tick cells. A. marginale derived from cell culture was incubated with various antisera prior to inoculation onto cell monolayers. The monolayers were harvested 7 days post-inoculation and A. marginale in the cultures was quantified using an antigen detection ELISA. Antisera tested in the infection inhibition assay were derived from persistently infected @entity291 , from @entity291 immunized with A. marginale purified from @entity291 erythrocytes, and from @entity95 and @entity291 that were immunized with the recombinant MSP1a, MSP1b and MSP1 complex. Antibodies from @entity291 persistently infected with A. marginale, @entity291 immunized with A. marginale from @entity291 erythrocytes or @entity291 immunized with the recombinant MSP1 complex did not inhibit the infectivity of A. marginale for tick cells. Antiserum from @entity95 immunized with MSP1a and MSP1b (individually or combined) reduced @entity281 isolates of A. marginale for tick cells by 25-70%. Likewise, antisera from @entity291 immunized with recombinant MSP1a or MSP1b inhibited infection of tick cells by 26-37%. These results further confirm the role of MSP1 complex proteins in infection of tick cells. Lack of inhibition of infection by antisera from naturally infected @entity291 or @entity291 immunized with whole organisms suggests that the @entity291 immune response is not directed toward blocking infection of A. marginale for tick cells and may contribute to the continued infectivity of the pathogen for ticks.

title: Antibodies to XXXX major surface proteins 1a and 1b inhibit infectivity for cultured tick cells.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['block infection', 'infection of both the Virginia and Oklahoma']

entities_list: @entity16451 :: ('770', 'Species') :: ['Anaplasma marginale']

answer: @entity16451 :: (770,Species) :: ['Anaplasma marginale']


abstract: @entity173 are independently associated with advancing age, specific clinical risk factors (CRFs), and low @entity79 ( @entity79 ). The use of @entity79 T-scores for quantifying @entity174 risk ignores the contribution of age and CRFs. We previously developed a mathematical model of @entity173 risk that incorporates @entity1 age, @entity79 , and the results of eleven specific CRFs. The purpose of this study was to compare the contribution of an approach to @entity174 risk stratification using the full model (age, CRFs and @entity79 ) with that of a unidimensional @entity79 -only model. We selected 213 consecutive postmenopausal females (mean age 65.3, range 50-87.9) with @entity6192 data referred for @entity79 assessment of @entity174 risk. Absolute @entity173 risk (over the next 5 years and remaining lifetime) was estimated using both the full and @entity79 -only models. The mean ratio of @entity173 risks ( @entity79 -only/full model) derived for each @entity1 was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.16-4.0) for @entity173 in the next 5 years and 1.1 (CI, 0.1-7.6) for remaining lifetime. The wide confidence intervals indicate a large contribution of age and CRFs to @entity174 risk stratification. Categorization of @entity1 as "high risk" was frequently discordant for the two models. One-half of the @entity1 designated "high risk" under the full model were classified as "low risk" based upon @entity79 alone. In conclusion, we have shown that a multidimensional approach to @entity173 risk stratification is feasible, and greatly modifies risk stratification based on @entity79 alone.

title: Contribution of clinical risk factors to bone density-based absolute @entity174 risk assessment in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fracture', 'absolute hip fracture', 'Hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross sectional multicenter study in six outpatient @entity8462 ( @entity8462 ) in the Netherlands. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to confirm or refute the finding that a strong relationship exists between @entity2673 and self-reported disability in @entity1 with nonspecific @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) by analyzing this relationship in @entity1 with @entity1643 admitted for treatment in six @entity8462 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: A strong relationship between @entity2673 and self-reported disability in @entity1 with @entity1643 is suggested. However, in former research weak relationships were found in two of the @entity8462 participating in this study. METHODS: Total study sample consisted of 293 @entity1 (30-66 per RC) with @entity1643 , admitted for outpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation in one of the six participating @entity8462 . Psychosocial distress was measured with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), self-reported disability with the @entity717 ( @entity717 ). Pearson correlation coefficients between @entity2673 and self-reported disability were calculated. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between SCL-90-R and VAS @entity158 (independent variables) and @entity717 (dependent variable) for the total group and for each RC separately. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to analyze the relationship between all baseline characteristics and @entity717 in the total group. RESULTS: Correlation coefficient between the SCL-90-R and @entity717 was r = 0.38 for the total sample, indicating a significant (P < 0.05), but weak relationship. For the six individual @entity8462 , correlation coefficients ranged between r = 0.22 and 0.67 (three of the six correlation coefficients were significant). The explained variance (r) of the regression models (SCL-90 and @entity158 intensity as predictors of @entity717 ) was 29% for the total sample, and varied between the @entity8462 from 17% to 52%. Results of the multivariate regression analysis of all baseline characteristics of the total group revealed that the model explained 36% of the total variance observed in @entity717 score. Overall, the contributions of @entity2673 to the models were smaller and more variable compared with @entity158 intensity. CONCLUSION: The overall relationship between @entity2673 and self reported disability was weak, and differences between @entity8462 were considerable. This indicates that the relationship between @entity2673 and disability in @entity1 with @entity1643 is not uniform.

title: Differences in the relationship between @entity2673 and self-reported disability in XXXX with @entity1643 in @entity158 rehabilitation centers in the Netherlands.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['chronic low back pain', 'CLBP']

entities_list: @entity2673 :: ('MESH:C535569', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial distress']

entities_list: @entity8462 :: ('MESH:D008224', 'Disease') :: ['RCs', 'Rehabilitation Centers']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['RMDQ', 'Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Subcutaneous and submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition have been widely used in @entity1 with @entity7769 . However, the reliable evidence in favor of 1 of 2 surgical options on clinical improvement remains controversial. To maximize the value of the available literature, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare subcutaneous versus submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition in @entity1 with @entity16 at the elbow. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized and observational studies that compared subcutaneous transposition with submuscular transposition of ulnar nerve for @entity7769 . The primary outcome was clinically relevant improvement in function compared to the baseline. Randomized and observational studies were separately analyzed with relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two @entity23 ( @entity23 ) and 7 observational studies, involving 605 @entity1 , were included. Our meta-analysis suggested that no significant differences in the primary outcomes were observed between comparison groups, both in RCT (RR, 1.16; 95% CI 0.68-1.98; P = 0.60; I2= 81%) and observational studies (RR, 1.01; 95% CI 0.95-1.08; P = 0.69; I2 = 0%). These findings were also consistent with all subgroup analyses for observational studies. In the secondary outcomes, the incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in subcutaneous group than in submuscular group (RR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.33-0.87; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%), whereas subcutaneous transposition failed to reveal more superiority than submuscular transposition in static two-point discrimination ( @entity601 , 0.04; 95% CI -0.18-0.25; P = 0.74; I = 0%). The available evidence is not adequately powered to identify the best anterior ulnar nerve transposition technique for @entity7769 on the basis of clinical outcomes, that is, suggests that subcutaneous and submuscular anterior transposition might be equally effective in terms of postoperative clinical improvement. However, differences in clinical outcomes metrics should be noted, and these findings largely rely on the outcomes data from observational studies that are potentially subject to a high risk of selection bias. Therefore, more high-quality and adequately powered @entity23 with standardized clinical outcomes metrics are necessary for proper comparison of these techniques.

title: Subcutaneous Versus Submuscular Anterior Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['randomized controlled trials', 'RCTs']

answer: @entity7769 :: (MESH:D020430,Disease) :: ['Cubital Tunnel Syndrome']


abstract: @entity338 or " @entity649 " ( @entity649 ) is one of the most feared complications of severe @entity130 . The aetiology is probably multifactorial, and is obscure. Although modern treatment has reduced the mortality, there is no certain way of preventing the syndrome. The aim of the investigation was to develop an experimental model on anaesthetized @entity1707 subjected to @entity130 and folllowed up for 3-4 days, still under anaesthesia, the repeated lung X-rays and post-mortem naked-eye and histological examination of lung tissue. 26 @entity1707 were used. 12 (Group I) were subjected to missile @entity130 of a limb, with a @entity174 that was left without immobilization. 10 were treated similarly but with immobilization of the @entity174 (Group II). Four control animals were prepared and observed under anaesthesia but no @entity130 was inflicted (Group III). In Group I, all but two developed, 10-70 h after the injury, roentgen and morphological changes identical to those seen in @entity1 with clinically documented @entity649 . No such changes were seen in the controls or in Group II. With our experimental model it seems possible to induce in experimental animals roentgen and morphological changes corresponding to @entity649 in @entity1 . The method provides new means of studying the mechanisms behind and the effects of different forms of treatment in @entity649 . The results also support the hypothesis that early immobilization of @entity174 is an important step in preventing @entity649 .

title: Primary XXXX immobilization as a method to prevent post-traumatic pulmonary changes- an experimental model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'RDS']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['Post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']