abstract: The in vitro effects of ovine PRL (oPRL) on testicular @entity251 synthesis were determined using isolated, collagenase-dispersed, adult @entity35 Leydig cells in culture. oPRL (50-1000 ng/ml) had no effect either on basal or on LH (50, 100 or 2000 pg/ml)-stimulated @entity251 secretion by Leydig cells in short-term culture (4 h). 125I-oPRL binding studies revealed a single class of high affinity sites (Ka 8.7 nM) with a low capacity (Bmax 6.7 fmol/mg protein identical to approximately 980 sites/Leydig cell). Isolated Leydig cells were further purified on a continuous Percoll gradient and cultured in serum-free medium, at 34 degrees C, in 5% @entity515 and 95% air. After 3 days of culture, the media were collected, the cells washed and then stimulated with hCG (3 ng/ml) for 3 h. oPRL (1-1000 ng/ml) added at plating, caused a log dose-dependent inhibition of @entity251 accumulation during the 3-day culture period; the highest and most consistent inhibition (31%) was with 500 ng/ml oPRL. hCG increased the sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of PRL, 10 ng/ml oPRL causing 40% inhibition and 100 ng/ml causing a maximal inhibition of 50%. PRL in fact caused a reduction in the maximal effect (efficacy) of hCG on steroidogenesis, without significantly affecting the ED50 (sensitivity). The effects of an antiPRL receptor antibody raised by the antiidiotypic route and previously shown to bind to @entity35 testis PRL receptors were tested. The antiPRL receptor IgG (13 micrograms/ml) mimicked the PRL inhibitory effect and acted synergistically with PRL (100 ng/ml) in inhibiting both @entity251 accumulation in 3-day cultured Leydig cells and their subsequent response to hCG. In summary, a clear inhibitory effect of PRL and a synergistic effect of antiPRL receptor antibody were demonstrated on @entity251 synthesis by @entity35 Leydig cells in 3-day culture.

title: Prolactin and antiprolactin receptor antibody inhibit steroidogenesis by purified XXXX Leydig cells in culture.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Skin @entity10631 are prevalent in @entity1200 ( @entity1200 ). In a large proportion of @entity1 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity1200 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity272 in @entity1200 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10631 in @entity1 with @entity1200 . @entity1 were 128 pediatric @entity1 with @entity1200 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10631 were observed in 61 @entity1 (48%), and those @entity10631 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity1200 and 82% of those with @entity272 ). @entity272 were the most prevalent @entity10631 , seen in 39 @entity1 (30%), followed by @entity484 in 24 (19%). @entity272 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity154 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity465 . Although widely present in all @entity1 with @entity1200 , @entity484 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity1 with @entity14783 and @entity17454 ( @entity17454 ). @entity5658 with @entity3067 was seen exclusively in @entity1 with severe @entity1200 , @entity8721 in @entity1 with @entity1129 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity13277 . Autoimmune skin @entity10631 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity1200 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10631 of @entity1200 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin @entity10631 in primary XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity10631 :: ('MESH:D020879', 'Disease') :: ['manifestations']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'participants', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital defects']

entities_list: @entity14783 :: ('MESH:D007589', 'Disease') :: ['hyper IgE syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity17454 :: ('MESH:D014923', 'Disease') :: ['WAS', 'Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency disorders', 'PID', 'primary immunodeficiency disorders']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiencies']

entities_list: @entity3067 :: ('MESH:C531609', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alopecia']

entities_list: @entity5658 :: ('MESH:D003873', 'Disease') :: ['Erythroderma of infancy']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions', 'Skin infections', 'skin disorders']

entities_list: @entity13277 :: ('MESH:D002609', 'Disease') :: ['Chediak-Higashi syndrome']

entities_list: @entity484 :: ('MESH:D004485', 'Disease') :: ['eczema', 'eczemas']

answer: @entity465 :: (MESH:D007153,Disease) :: ['immunodeficient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7119 Background: @entity1206 (V) and @entity136 (G) are active, well tolerated agents in @entity1149 . They have different mechanisms of action and are easily administered on an outpatient basis. METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 (pts), 42 evaluable, were entered between August 2001 and May 2003. They received V 30 mg/m2 i.v. on Days 1 and 8 every three weeks, two cycles for @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or one (1) cycle after best response (BR) followed by G 1000 mg/m2 i.v. on Days 1 and 8 every three weeks, two cycles for @entity66 or one cycle after BR. Then stable pts continued until @entity74 ( @entity74 ) on V or G according to pts' preference. Thirty seven pts had stage IV and five pts stage IIIB disease, 32 males, 10 females, median age 75, 21 pts with ECOG @entity13770 , 17 pts with ECOG @entity13769 , and 4 pts with ECOG PS 0. Pts' comorbidities were cardiovascular, pulmonary, or neurological. RESULTS: A total of 124 cycles of V were administered, median of 3 cycles per pt and 69 cycles of G, median of 1 cycle per pt. Sixteen pts (38 %) achieved partial response (PR), 11 pts on V and 5 pts on G, eleven pts (26.7 %) had @entity66 , 7 pts on V and 4 pts on G. Of 24 pts with @entity74 on V, three pts (12.5 %) responded to G. Median time to first @entity74 was 3.5 months. Median survival has surpassed six months and eight pts (19 %) already survived over one year. Thirteen pts are still alive after six months of minimal follow-up. @entity137 was minimal, six pts had grade 2 @entity1431 , two pts received red cell transfusions, no grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were reported. Three pts had grade 2 @entity1295 and @entity448 and one pt had grade 2 @entity16 . CONCLUSION: Our regimen offers an excellent palliative treatment with minimal @entity137 for elderly pts with comorbidities or pts with poor PS. Sponsored by GlaxoSmithKline. [Table: see text].

title: Sequential therapy with @entity1206 followed by @entity136 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity1149 ( XXXX ), @entity13770 or elderly with comorbidities: A multicenter phase II trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: Favorable long-term @entity1 outcome after insertion of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) as a bridge to recovery or destination therapy for the treatment of end-stage @entity296 is adversely affected by pathophysiologic changes affecting the heart. Alterations in the native aortic valve apparatus, specifically aortic valve cusp fusion, is an example of such a phenomenon and may especially affect @entity1 in cases of bridge to recovery, a rare but reported event. A retrospective review of the last 33 LVAD placements at our institution was conducted, including reviews of operative reports and pathologic examinations of the native hearts. Seven hearts were found to have varying degrees of aortic valve cusp fusion after chronic LVAD support (63-1, 339 days). Five of these @entity1 had native aortic valves, and two had bioprosthetic valves. The left ventricular outflow tracts in two @entity1 were surgically occluded at the time of LVAD insertion. Aortic valve cusp fusion occurs in roughly 25% of @entity1 on chronic LVAD support. This phenomenon may prove to be clinically significant by creating a potential source of @entity281 . In addition, in the case of @entity296 , left @entity3585 could limit parallel flow and produce suprasystemic ventricular pressures that in turn would elevate left ventricular end diastolic pressures. The latter may contribute to further @entity296 , ultimately limiting the ability of an otherwise recovered heart to be weaned from LVAD support.

title: XXXX associated with chronic ventricular assist device support.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['emboli and infection']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy', 'myocardial injury', 'myocardial recovery']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular outflow tract obstruction']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the first cases of salvage radiotherapy (RT) using the intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) targeted on @entity1877 positron emission tomography (PET) uptake in a local recurrent @entity263 , after a radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Four @entity1 received salvage irradiation for biochemical relapse that occurred after the initial radical prostatectomy. The relapse occurred from 10 months to 6 years with PSA levels ranging from 2.35 to 4.86   ng   ml(-1). For each @entity1 , an @entity22317 PET-CT showed a focal @entity1877 uptake in prostatic fossa, with standardized uptake value calculated on the basis of predicted lean body mass (SUL) max of 3.3-6.8. No involved lymph node or distant metastases were diagnosed. IMRT doses were of 62.7   Gy (1.9   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions), with a SIB of 69.3   Gy (2.1   Gy/fraction, 33 fractions) to a PET-guided target volume. RESULTS: Acute @entity137 were limited. We observed no @entity344 >= grade 2 and only one grade 2 genitourinary @entity137 . At 1-month follow-up evaluation, no complication and a decrease in PSA level (6.8-43.8% of the pre-therapeutic level) were reported. After 4 months, a decrease in PSA level was obtained for all the @entity1 , ranging from 30% to 70%. At a median follow-up of 15 months, PSA level was controlled for all the @entity1 , but one of them experienced a distant lymph node recurrence. CONCLUSION: Salvage irradiation to the prostate bed with SIB guided by PET-CT is feasible, with biological efficacy and no major acute @entity137 . Advances in knowledge: IMRT with PET-oriented SIB for salvage treatment of @entity263 is possible, without major acute @entity137 .

title: Intensity-modulated salvage radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost for local recurrence of XXXX : a pilot study on the place of PET- @entity1877 for guiding target volume delineation.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate carcinoma']


abstract: Mean age of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 has been progressively increasing over the last decades and ageing of these @entity1 is becoming a real challenge in every day clinical practice. Unfortunately, international guidelines on @entity157 management do not address this problem exhaustively and do not provide any specific recommendation. We carried out a literature search in MEDLINE database for studies reporting on epidemiology, clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of @entity157 in elderly @entity1 . Available data seem to indicate that in elderly @entity1 the outcome of @entity157 is mostly influenced by liver function and @entity5 stage rather than by age and the latter should not influence treatment allocation. Age is not a risk for resection and older @entity1 with resectable @entity157 and good liver function could gain benefit from surgery. Mild comorbidities do not seem a contraindication for surgery in aged @entity1 . Conversely, major resection in elderly, even when performed in experienced high-volume centres, should be avoided. Both percutaneous ablation and transarterial chemoembolization are not contraindicated in aged @entity1 and safety profile of these procedures is acceptable. @entity2857 is a viable option for advanced @entity157 in elderly provided that a careful evaluation of concomitant comorbidities, particularly cardiovascular ones, is taken into account. Available data seem to suggest that in either elderly and younger, treatment is a main predictor of outcome. Consequently, a nihilistic attitude of physicians towards under- or no-treatment of aged @entity1 should not be longer justified.

title: XXXX in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['Sorafenib']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Management of hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preterm birth is associated with 5-18% of pregnancies and is the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. @entity6703 ( @entity6703 ) @entity650 ( @entity650 ) is a key cytokine for the identification of @entity32 , and @entity1 with an elevated @entity6703 @entity650 are at risk for impending @entity3152 . However, results of the conventional method of measurement (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ELISA) are usually not available in time to inform care. The objective of this study was to determine whether a point of care (POC) test or lateral-flow-based immunoassay for measurement of @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations can identify @entity1 with @entity32 and/or @entity281 and those destined to deliver spontaneously before term among @entity1 with @entity3152 and intact membranes. METHODS: One-hundred thirty-six @entity1 with singleton pregnancies who presented with symptoms of @entity3152 and underwent amniocentesis were included in this study. Amniocentesis was performed at the time of diagnosis of @entity3152 . @entity6703 Gram stain and @entity6703 white blood cell counts were determined. Microbial invasion of the @entity2907 (MIAC) was defined according to the results of @entity6703 culture (aerobic and anaerobic as well as @entity790 ). @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations were determined by both lateral flow-based immunoassay and ELISA. The primary outcome was @entity32 , defined as @entity6703 ELISA @entity650   >=    2600   pg/ml. RESULTS: (1) @entity6703 @entity650 concentrations determined by a POC test have high sensitivity (93%), specificity (91%) and a positive likelihood ratio of 10 for the identification of @entity32 by using a threshold of 745   pg/ml; (2) the POC test and ELISA for @entity650 perform similarly in the identification of MIAC, acute inflammatory lesions of placenta and @entity1 at risk of impending spontaneous @entity3152 . CONCLUSION: A POC @entity6703 @entity650 test can identify @entity32 in @entity1 who present with @entity3152 and intact membranes and those who will subsequently deliver spontaneously before 34 weeks of gestation. Results can be available within 20   min - this has important clinical implications and opens avenues for early diagnosis as well as treatment of @entity32 / @entity281 .

title: A rapid @entity650 bedside test for the identification of @entity32 in XXXX with intact membranes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['intra-amniotic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2907 :: ('MESH:D000652', 'Disease') :: ['amniotic cavity']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity6703 :: ('MESH:D004619', 'Disease') :: ['Amniotic fluid', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity790 :: ('MESH:D014564', 'Disease') :: ['genital mycoplasmas']

answer: @entity3152 :: (MESH:D007752,Disease) :: ['preterm labor']


abstract: Most microbiome research related to @entity1030 has focused on the gut microbiome. This is despite advances in culture independent microbial identification techniques revealing that even healthy lungs possess a unique dynamic microbiome. This conceptual change raises the question; if @entity358 could be causally linked to local dysbiosis of the local lung microbiota. Here, we manipulate the @entity19 lung and gut microbiome, in order to show that the lung microbiota can be changed experimentally. We have used four different approaches: lung @entity32 by exposure to @entity505 nano-tube particles, oral probiotics and oral or intranasal exposure to the antibiotic @entity2176 . Bacterial DNA was extracted from broncho-alveolar and nasal lavage fluids, caecum samples and compared by DGGE. Our results show that: the lung microbiota is sex dependent and not just a reflection of the gut microbiota, and that induced @entity32 can change lung microbiota. This change is not transferred to offspring. Oral probiotics in adult @entity19 do not change lung microbiome detectible by DGGE. Nasal @entity2176 can change the lung microbiome preferentially, while oral exposure does not. These observations should be considered in future studies of the causal relationship between lung microbiota and @entity358 .

title: The @entity19 Lung Microbiome Changes During Lung Inflammation and Intranasal XXXX Treatment.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung diseases']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway diseases']

answer: @entity2176 :: (MESH:D014640,Chemical) :: ['Vancomycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity1566 . Use of intrathecal @entity1772 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity1 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity1 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity1772 pump implanted for the severe @entity508 of spinal origin. One @entity1 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity1 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity1 showed improvement in their @entity2473 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity158 (12), @entity25 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity1 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity1 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity1 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity1772 pump improves the symptoms of @entity2473 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity1 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity1 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity1 .

title: Intrathecal XXXX : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe @entity508 due to @entity1566 : A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['spasticity']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injuries']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disturbance']

answer: @entity1772 :: (MESH:D001418,Chemical) :: ['baclofen']


abstract: PURPOSE: To summarize evidence on long-term @entity283 ( @entity283 ) among survivors of @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: We performed a comprehensive search of the literature for studies reporting original data describing @entity283 utilizing validated instruments. Search, study selection and data abstraction were performed in duplicate. Study quality was appraised. Due to study heterogeneity, data are primarily summarized qualitatively. RESULTS: Our search yielded 2193 articles of which 18 were selected for detailed analysis. The quality of these 18 studies was generally good. Numerous @entity283 instruments were utilized, and assessment occurred at variable follow-up duration (range 2 months to 14.5 years). @entity283 among @entity810 survivors was reduced when compared to age/sex-matched populations. @entity283 among survivors with and without @entity810 was generally described as similar beyond 6 months. Physical component domains were consistently more impaired than mental component domains. Survivors had considerable limitations in activities of daily living, implying newly acquired disability, with few returning to work. Despite diminished @entity283 , @entity1 ' @entity283 was generally perceived as satisfactory, and the majority would receive similar treatment again, including renal replacement therapy in the ICU, if necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Among survivors of critical @entity221 complicated by @entity810 , @entity283 was impaired when referenced to population norms, but it was not significantly different from that of survivors without @entity810 . Physical limitations and disabilities were more commonly exhibited by @entity810 @entity1 . Importantly, the impaired @entity283 was generally perceived as acceptable to @entity1 , most of whom expressed willingness to undergo similar treatment in the future.

title: Health-related quality-of-life among survivors of XXXX in the intensive care unit: a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['HRQL', 'health-related quality-of-life']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: Since recent findings indicate the involvement of G-proteins in the mechanism of ischaemic preconditioning (PC), the present study was aimed to investigate the role of adrenergic mechanisms, such as G-proteins and stimulation of adrenergic receptors, in this phenomenon. For this purpose, isolated Langendorff-perfused @entity35 hearts were subjected to regional ischaemia (30 min occlusion of @entity3980 ) followed by reperfusion. The effect of PC (a single 5 min occlusion/reperfusion before a long occlusion) on ischaemia- and reperfusion induced @entity943 was studied in conjunction with an assessment of G-proteins in the myocardial tissue by means of Western blotting and @entity857 -ribosylation with bacterial toxins. To follow the link between G-proteins and adrenergic receptors, their stimulation by exogenous @entity1063 (NE) was applied to test whether it can mimic the effect of PC on @entity943 . Thirty min ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion induced high incidence of @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) and fibrillation (VF). PC significantly reduced a total number of extrasystoles, incidence of @entity1165 and abolished VF. It was, however, insufficient to suppress reperfusion-induced sustained VF. Measurement of G-proteins revealed that PC led to a reduction of stimulatory Gs proteins, whereas inhibitory Gi proteins were increased. NE (50 nmol) introduced a manner of similar to PC (5 min infusion, 10 min normal reperfusion) reduced @entity943 in the same way, as PC. In addition, in NE-pretreated hearts reperfusion induced mostly transient VF, which was spontaneously reverted to normal sinus rhythm. A transient increase in heart rate and perfusion pressure during NE infusion completely waned before the onset of ischaemia, indicating that antiarrhythmic effect was not related to haemodynamic changes and to conditions of myocardial perfusion. CONCLUSION: antiarrhythmic effect of PC may be mediated by a stimulation of adrenergic receptors coupled to appropriate G-proteins. Consequently, the inhibition of @entity1920 cyclase activity and reduction in @entity268 level, as well as the activation of protein kinase C may be considered as two possible pathways leading to a final response.

title: Ischaemic preconditioning in the XXXX heart: the role of G-proteins and adrenergic stimulation.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1920 :: ('CHEBI:16027', 'Chemical') :: ['adenylate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'ischaemic arrhythmias']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Several modalities are available for volumetric measurement of the @entity438 . We discuss the challenges involved in manual segmentation, and analyze the application of alternative methods using automatic segmentation and geometric formulae in measurement of @entity439 volumes and coil packing density. METHODS: The volumes and morphology of 38 @entity439 treated with endovascular coiling at a single center were measured using three-dimensional rotational angiography (3DRA) reconstruction software using automatic segmentation. @entity439 volumes were also calculated from their height, width, depth, size of neck, and assumed shape in 3DRA images using simple geometric formulae. The @entity439 volumes were dichotomized as "small" or "large" using the median volume of the studied population (54 mm(3)) measured by automatic segmentation as the cut-off value for further statistical analysis. RESULTS: A greater proportion of @entity439 were categorized as being "small" when geometric formulae were applied. The median @entity439 volumes obtained were 54.5 mm(3) by 3DRA software, and 30.6 mm(3) using mathematical equations. An underestimation of @entity439 volume with a resultant overestimation in the calculated coil packing density (p = 0.002) was observed. CONCLUSION: Caution must be exercised in the application of simple geometric formulae in the management of @entity438 as volumes may potentially be underestimated and packing densities falsely elevated. Future research should focus on validation of automatic segmentation in volumetric measurement and improving its accuracy to enhance its application in clinical practice.

title: Volume measurement of the XXXX : a discussion and comparison of the alternatives to manual segmentation.

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['intracranial aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 is associated with higher morbidity and mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), but its implications for heath care costs are not well described. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed data on 1056 @entity1 with symptomatic @entity712 seen at Duke University between 2002 and 2006. Health care costs were obtained from the hospital cost accounting data system. Adjustments for censoring and covariate imbalance were performed using inverse probability weighted estimators and propensity scores. The prevalence of @entity417 was 32%. Unadjusted mortality at 3 years was 50.3% in anemic versus 26.5% in non-anemic @entity1 . The adjusted costs per year alive were  22,926 for @entity1 with @entity417 and  17,189 for those without (P=.04). For those with ejection fraction <or=40% adjusted costs per year alive were  32,914 for anemic versus  18,423 for non-anemic @entity1 (P=.01). CONCLUSIONS: @entity417 in @entity712 @entity1 was independently associated with greater total costs after accounting for differences in survival, but appeared to be confined primarily to @entity1 with low ejection fraction. These results provide a framework for understanding the economic implications of therapies for @entity417 in @entity712 , and suggest that targeting @entity1 with impaired systolic function has the potential to most favorably affect costs.

title: Relationship between XXXX and health care costs in @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the role of angiotensin II (ANG II), @entity5463 ( @entity1831 ), and neurogenic mechanisms in maintaining arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious water-deprived @entity95 . @entity1949 produced marked increases in plasma @entity28637 activity and the concentration of AVP; however, plasma @entity2922 concentrations were unchanged. Arterial baroreflex control of renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and heart rate (HR) was similar in water-replete and dehydrated animals. Administration of an ANG II receptor antagonist (ANG IIX) to water-deprived animals produced a small decrease in MAP but no significant changes in HR or mesenteric and hindquarters vascular resistances. Similarly, there was no significant effect on MAP, HR, or regional hemodynamics when dehydrated animals received an AVP-V1 antagonist (AVPX). RSNA increased by maximums of 61 and 43% in response to ANG IIX and AVPX, respectively. Combined administration of ANG IIX and AVPX produced significant decreases in MAP (-9 mmHg) and hindquarters resistance (-24%) and 117% and 23 beat/min increases in RSNA and HR, respectively. The effect on mesenteric resistance was variable; however, the response was generally a decrease. We conclude that ANG II and AVP pressor mechanisms are activated to sustain MAP in the dehydrated state. In contrast, the basal level and baroreflex control of sympathetic nervous system activity are unchanged from the water-replete state. However, activation of sympathetic nerve activity may become important in maintaining peripheral resistance when ANG II and AVP receptors are blocked in water-deprived animals.

title: Neurohumoral interactions in conscious dehydrated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['Water deprivation']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone @entity130 often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all limb @entity174 fail to heal completely due to the extent of the @entity130 , disease, or age of the @entity1 . Our ability to improve bone regenerative strategies is critically dependent on the ability to mimic serious bone @entity130 in test animals, but the generation and stabilization of large @entity79 is technically challenging. In most cases, serious long bone @entity130 is mimicked experimentally by establishing a defect that will not naturally heal. This is achieved by complete removal of a bone segment that is larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the bone cross-section. The bone is then stabilized with a metal implant to maintain proper orientation of the @entity174 edges and allow for mobility. Due to their small size and the @entity2100 of their long bones, establishment of such lesions in @entity19 are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. As such, long @entity79 models are confined to @entity35 and larger animals. Nevertheless, @entity19 afford significant research advantages in that they can be genetically modified and bred as immune-compromised strains that do not reject @entity1 cells and tissue. Herein, we demonstrate a technique that facilitates the generation of a segmental defect in @entity19 femora using standard laboratory and veterinary equipment. With practice, fabrication of the fixation device and surgical implantation is feasible for the majority of trained veterinarians and animal research personnel. Using example data, we also provide methodologies for the quantitative analysis of bone healing for the model.

title: A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone lesions', 'bone defect']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragility']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is a costly and @entity102 . Effective management of @entity6 to achieve glycemic control improves @entity1 quality of life. Adherence rates to drug regimens in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 are relatively low and vary widely between populations. There are many factors that could affect @entity1 adherence to drug therapy. The aim of the present study was assessing patterns and obstacles to adherence of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 to their oral hypoglycemic drugs. METHODS: The present work is a descriptive cross section study, carried on @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 who were on oral hypoglycemic drugs. Data concerning adherence to drugs was assessed using measure treatment adherence scale (MTA). RESULTS: A total of 372 (55.59% males and 44.41% females) @entity1 with @entity164 -2 @entity6 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the study. Among the @entity1 , 26.1% were found to have good adherence, 47.9% had a fair adherence, and 26% had poor adherence. CONCLUSION: The overall rate of medication adherence among the @entity6 @entity1 population was suboptimal and non-acceptable. Evaluation of adherence is vital for @entity1 with @entity6 in order to determine factors and barriers affecting the adherence and to manage them.

title: Patterns and obstacles to oral antidiabetic medications adherence among @entity164 2 XXXX in Ismailia, Egypt: a cross section study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['increasingly common chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetics']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The treatment of @entity1358 is challenging. Radiofrequency ablation has been increasingly applied in the management of @entity703 . Herein, we report our experience of radiofrequency ablation on 12 @entity1 with @entity1358 . METHODS: From March 2006 to September 2010, 12 @entity1 with bilateral @entity1358 (29 lesions overall) were identified from our kidney database. The mean age was 62.3 years (range 35-81). The mean @entity5 diameter was 4.5 cm (range 0.9-9.0). Three @entity1 received unilateral radiofrequency ablation and contralateral radical nephrectomy, whereas nine @entity1 received bilateral radiofrequency ablation. The oncological and functional outcomes were analyzed. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography examinations were carried out at day 7, and at 3 and 6 months after the procedure, and every 6 months thereafter. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 33 months (range 10-64). The @entity5 control rate was 93.1% (27/29). Cancer-specific survival and the overall survival rates were 100%. No death or @entity177 after the procedure was found. In @entity1 who underwent bilateral radiofrequency ablation, the latest mean glomerular filtration rate had not significantly declined compared with preoperative levels (93.7    13.0 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) vs 96.9    13.3 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2), respectively; P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiofrequency ablation shows encouraging outcomes in the treatment of @entity1358 . It can provide adequate @entity5 control and @entity5 -specific survival compared with nephron-sparing surgery while not affecting the renal function.

title: Radiofrequency ablation of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma', 'bilateral renal cell carcinoma', 'synchronous sporadic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['synchronous bilateral renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Clinical features variability between familial and sporadic @entity4531 / @entity4531 (RLS/WED) has been previously reported. With this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to determine the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of 400 RLS/WED @entity1 . @entity1 with familial RLS/WED were significantly younger than sporadic RLS/WED, while clinical and polysomnographic characteristics were similar in both groups. No difference was found for the age-at-onset between idiopathic and secondary RLS/WED. @entity10522 ( @entity10522 ) index and REM sleep time were higher in idiopathic RLS/WED. Time of onset of symptoms was in the evening or at bedtime in 28.04 and 37.80  % of @entity1 , respectively, while in 21.34  % of @entity1 onset was more than 1  h after sleep onset. Impulse control and compulsive behaviours (ICBs) were found in 13.29  % @entity1 on @entity935 agonist therapy. Our analyses support the hypothesis that @entity1 with a familial history of RLS/WED may have a genetic component. Nevertheless, the dichotomy between early and late onset disease seems to be less sharp than previously reported. A large proportion of RLS/WED @entity1 can have atypical features, therefore making the diagnosis challenging. Some cases can be missed even when the @entity1 refers to a sleep specialist, as revealed by the partial absence of daytime symptoms, the high comorbidity with @entity25 and the high percentage of symptoms beginning after sleep onset. This draws attention on the importance of a careful evaluation of the @entity1 , to recognize potentially treatable secondary forms of RLS/WED.

title: Defining the phenotype of XXXX / @entity4531 (RLS/WED): a clinical and polysomnographic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity10522 :: ('MESH:D020189', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic limb movements', 'PLM']

entities_list: @entity4531 :: ('MESH:D012148', 'Disease') :: ['restless legs syndrome', 'Willis-Ekbom disease']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia and other sleep complaints']

answer: @entity4531 :: (MESH:D012148,Disease) :: ['restless legs syndrome']


abstract: The sensitivity of the circadian photoreceptors mediating entrainment of the eclosion rhythm and phase shifts of oviposition rhythm of the high altitude (HA) strain of @entity22919 originating from Badrinath (5123 m above sea level) in the Himalayas was compared with the low altitude (LA) strain from Firozpur (179 m above sea level). Reduced photic sensitivity of the @entity2222 is regarded as the result of natural selection, which led to the weakening of the coupling mechanism between the circadian pacemaker and light at the high altitude of origin. The present study was designed to determine whether or not the photic entrainment of the oviposition rhythm of the @entity2222 of @entity22919 is also altered by the high altitude of its origin, and the results are compared with those of the LA strain. The effects of light intensity on the phase angle difference (Psi), degree of rhythmicity (R), the percent oviposition in photophase, the threshold light intensity (i.e., the intensity at which stable entrainment occurred), and the saturation light intensity (i.e., the intensity beyond which the values of Psi or amplitude of rhythm remained unaltered) were determined. Entrainment was studied in light-dark cycles in which the light intensity of 12 h of photophase varied from 1 to 1000 lux, and complete darkness prevailed in all scotophases. The oviposition rhythm of the @entity2222 was arrhythmic from 1 to 90 lux, weakly rhythmic at 95 lux, but rhythmic at or above 100 lux, while that of the LA strain was weakly rhythmic at 1 lux but rhythmic at or above 2 lux. Oviposition of the @entity2222 occurred mostly in the photophase, while that of the LA strain occurred in the scotophase; as a result, the oviposition medians of the @entity2222 were around the subjective forenoons while those of the LA strain were around the subjective evenings. The percent of oviposition in photophase increased from 68 to 98 in the @entity2222 and from 5 to 33 in the LA strain as light intensity increased from 1 to 1000 lux. In the @entity2222 , the Psi values were significantly less and values of R and percent oviposition in photophase were significantly more than those of the LA strain at each level of light intensity. Threshold and saturation intensities for Psi were 100 and 700 lux, respectively, for the @entity2222 , but just 2 and 45 lux, respectively, for the LA strain. The saturation intensity for R was 650 and 700 lux for the HA and LA strains, respectively. These results extend the confirmation that the reduced photic sensitivity of the @entity2222 might have been acquired through natural selection in response to environmental conditions at the high altitude of its origin.

title: Effect of light intensity on the oviposition rhythm of the altitudinal strains of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity22919 :: ('7217', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila ananassae', 'D. ananassae']

answer: @entity22919 :: (7217,Species) :: ['Drosophila ananassae']


abstract: @entity3957 ( @entity3958 ) has been reported to be interwined in multiple systems, specifically in the cardiovascular system. However, the mechanisms underlying remain controversial. In the present study, we assessed the cardio-protective effects of @entity3958 in the @entity35 @entity548 model. @entity548 was induced in adult male @entity35 by drawing blood from the femoral artery to maintain the mean arterial pressure at 35-40 mmHg for 1.5 h. The @entity35 were assigned to four groups and the @entity3958 donor, @entity8835 (28  mol/kg, i.p.), was injected before the resuscitation in certain groups. After resuscitation the animals were observed and then killed to harvest the hearts. The morphological investigation and ultrastructural analyses were done and apoptotic cells were detected. The levels of relevant proteins were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Resuscitated @entity548 induced @entity3697 and significantly increased the levels of serum myocardial enzymes, @entity908 kinase (CK) and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Furthermore, it caused marked increase of apoptotic cells in heart tissue. Moreover, the expression of death receptor Fas and Fas-ligand, as well as the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins active- @entity4124 and active- @entity12276 were markedly increased. Administration of @entity8835 significantly ameliorated @entity548 caused hemodynamic deterioration, decreased myocardial enzymes elevation, protected myocardial ultrastructure, and inhibited the expression of apoptosis-relevant proteins. It suggested that @entity3958 might exert its cardio-protective roles via both the extrinsic Fas/ @entity23975 / @entity12276 / @entity4124 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondria-involved pathways.

title: An exogenous hydrogen sulphide donor, @entity8835 , inhibits the apoptosis signaling pathway to exert cardio-protective effects in a XXXX @entity548 model.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Hemorrhagic shock', 'hemorrhagic shock']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity3697 :: ('MESH:D006335', 'Disease') :: ['heart injury']

entities_list: @entity3957 :: ('MESH:D006862', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrogen sulfide']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations and pulsatility are increased in @entity28 @entity1 with @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ). In addition, @entity1 have @entity3610 and insulin resistance. The mechanisms involved in aberrant hormone regulation in @entity3610 are still unclear. We investigated 15 @entity3610 @entity1 with a body mass index between 30 and 54 kg/m(2) and 9 healthy @entity28 controls (body mass index, 31-60 kg/m(2)) with regular menstrual cycles. Subjects underwent 24-hour blood sampling at 10-minute intervals for later measurements of LH, leptin, @entity251 , and insulin concentrations. Data were analyzed with a new deconvolution program, approximate entropy (and bivariate approximate entropy), and a cross-correlation network. @entity1 had increased LH pulse frequency and more than 2-fold greater daily LH secretion, with diminished pattern regularity. @entity251 secretion was increased 2-fold, but pattern regularity was similar to that in controls. In the network construct, insulin was correlated positively with LH, whereas leptin and @entity251 were correlated negatively with LH. Bivariate synchrony of LH with insulin was decreased. Short-term caloric restriction paradoxically increased LH secretion by 1.5-fold and pattern irregularity, and reduced interpulse variability. @entity251 secretion and fasting concentrations of @entity53 and @entity443 levels remained unchanged. Correlations between LH and insulin, leptin, and calculated free @entity251 decreased. This study demonstrates marked alterations in the control of LH secretion in @entity3610 in the fed and calorie-restricted states. The ensemble results point to abnormal feedback control of not only the @entity1176 -gonadotrope complex, but also LH's relationships with leptin, insulin, and @entity251 .

title: Altered multihormone synchrony in XXXX @entity1 with @entity3610 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovary syndrome', 'hyperandrogenemia', 'obese PCOS', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone', 'Testosterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity443 :: ('6462', 'Gene') :: ['sex hormone-binding globulin']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of upfront @entity2240 , before nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell @entity703 (mCRC), has not been prospectively evaluated. METHODS: Two prospective single-arm phase II studies investigated either two cycles (study A: n = 19) or three cycles (study B: n = 33) of @entity2240 before nephrectomy in mCRC. RESULTS: Overall, 38 of 52 (73%) of @entity1 obtained clinical benefit (by RECIST) before surgery. The partial response rate of the primary @entity5 was 6% [median reduction in longest diameter of 12% (range 8%-35%)]. No @entity1 became ineligible due to local progression of disease. A nephrectomy was carried out in 37 (71%) of @entity1 . Necrosis (>50%) was a prominent feature at nephrectomy in 49%. @entity532 (Clavien-Dindo classification) occurred in 10 (27%) @entity1 , including one @entity204 (3%). The median @entity190 and surgical time were 725 (90-4200) ml and 189 (70-420) min, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 8 months (95% confidence interval 6-15 months). A comparison of two versus three pre-surgery cycles showed no significant difference in terms of surgical complications or efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrectomy after upfront @entity2240 can be carried out safely. It obtains control of disease. Randomised studies are required to address if this approach is beneficial.

title: The safety and efficacy of XXXX before planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity2240 :: (MESH:C473478,Chemical) :: ['sunitinib']


abstract: @entity4089 frequently causes secondary @entity6126 through central suppression of gonadotropin secretion. @entity2013 (> 1 cm diameter) are more common in males and may additionally cause more generalised @entity4614 . Recovery of the thyrotropic and/or corticotropic axes is well described following selective adenomectomy, but remains poorly defined in relation to medical ( @entity935 -agonist) therapy of @entity2013 . We therefore performed a retrospective examination of case records of male @entity1 who had received medical therapy alone for macroprolactinoma between 1980-2001 (n = 35) and in whom @entity5 shrinkage was documented by interval pituitary imaging (reported throughout by a single neuroradiologist). Mean prolactin level at baseline was 59,932 mU/L (median 31,400; range 3,215-332,000); mean period of follow up was 4.2 years (median 2.6; range: 1.0-15). Defects of the following axes were evident at diagnosis: LH/FSH- @entity251 (n = 27; 77%), TSH-T4 (n = 14; 41%-not including one case with pre-existing 1 @entity1375 ), ACTH- @entity701 (n = 8; 23%). Overall, 14 @entity1 (40%) were @entity2270 , seven (20%) in 2 axes and seven (20%) in 3 axes. Growth hormone secretory status was not systematically evaluated. In all but 6 @entity1 , prolactin levels fell to normal or near-normal levels (mean 764 mU/L; median 260; range: < 10-4,833). Of the @entity1 in whom adequate reassessment had been performed, thyrotroph function recovered in 4/9, corticotroph function in 4/6 and gonadotroph function in 16/26 cases. In four cases (11%) previously described, development of @entity227 as a result of the chiasmal traction syndrome necessitated a dose reduction in medical therapy to allow a degree of controlled @entity5 re-expansion. The prevalence at diagnosis of TSH and @entity16054 in @entity1 with @entity2013 was 41% and 23%, respectively. Among eight @entity1 with insufficiency of TSH and/or ACTH secretion who underwent complete interval reassessment over several years of treatment, recovery of at least one @entity2270 occurred in six cases (75%). This study highlights the importance of screening ACTH- and/or TSH-deficient @entity1 during @entity935 agonist therapy in order to identify cases where @entity4614 has resolved.

title: Medical therapy of @entity2013 in males: I. Prevalence of XXXX at diagnosis. II. Proportion of cases exhibiting recovery of pituitary function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperprolactinaemia']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['degress hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['Macroprolactinomas', 'macroprolactinomas']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity16054 :: ('MESH:C562707', 'Disease') :: ['ACTH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

entities_list: @entity2270 :: ('MESH:C566610', 'Disease') :: ['axis', 'deficient in 1 axis']

answer: @entity4614 :: (MESH:D007018,Disease) :: ['hypopituitarism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the mechanism of post-procedural cardiac biomarker (CB) rise following device implantation. BACKGROUND: A fully bioresorbable Absorb scaffold, compared with @entity2239 -eluting metallic stents (EES), might  be associated with a higher incidence of periprocedural @entity296 . METHODS: In 501 @entity1 with stable or unstable @entity951 randomized to either Absorb (335 @entity1 ) or EES (n = 166) in the ABSORB II trial, 3 types of CB ( @entity908 kinase, @entity908 kinase-myocardial band, and troponin) were  obtained before and after procedure. Per protocol, periprocedural @entity583 (PMI) was defined as @entity908 kinase rise >2* the upper limit of normal with @entity908 kinase-myocardial band rise. RESULTS: Incidence of side branch occlusion and any anatomic complications assessed by angiography was similar between the 2 treatment arms (side branch occlusion: Absorb: 5.3% vs. Xience: 7.6%, p  = 0.07; any anatomic complication: Absorb: 16.4% vs. EES: 19.9%, p  = 0.39). Fourteen @entity1 who presented with recent  @entity583 at entry with normalized @entity908 kinase-myocardial band according to the protocol were excluded for post-CB analysis. The overall compliance for CB was 97.8%. The CB rise subcategorized in 7  different ranges was comparable between the 2 treatment arms. PMI rate was numerically higher in the Absorb  arm according to the per-protocol definitions, and treatment with overlapping devices was the only independent determinant of per-protocol PMI (odds ratio: 5.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.78 to 14.41, p  =  0.002). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the incidence of CB rise and PMI between Absorb and EES. Device overlap might be a precipitating factor of @entity296 . (ABSORB II Randomized Clinical Trial: A Clinical Evaluation to Compare the Safety, Efficacy, and Performance of Absorb @entity2239 Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold System Against Xience @entity2239 Eluting Coronary Stent System in the Treatment of Subjects With @entity741 Caused by De Novo Native Coronary Artery Lesions [ABSORB II]; NCT01425281).

title: Incidence and Potential Mechanism(s) of  Post-Procedural Rise of Cardiac Biomarker  in @entity1 With Coronary Artery  Narrowing After Implantation of an  XXXX -Eluting Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold or @entity2239 -Eluting Metallic Stent.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic Heart Disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: @entity1 with severe @entity548 complications and other side effects on conventional anticoagulants and strong indication for further anticoagulation were treated with a low molecular weight heparin fragment (Tedelparin). In this paper we report the experiences in 30 @entity1 , who were anticoagulated 1-11 months with this compound. All @entity1 injected themselves a dose ranging from 1 X 2,500 to 1 X 20,000 anti factor Xa units per day. Within 132 months of treatment one @entity1 with good compliance developed @entity1031 . Four @entity1 had bad compliance. Two of them experienced rethrombosis 1 and 8 weeks after starting therapy. Severe @entity548 did not occur. Two @entity1 had one minor @entity548 complication each. Both @entity1 developed several times per year severe @entity548 with conventional anticoagulants. All excessive subcutaneous haematomas and indurations of the adipose tissue at the injection site of conventional heparin disappeared completely. Low molecular weight heparin can be regarded as an alternative anticoagulant in @entity1 with severe @entity548 and other complications on oral anticoagulants and conventional heparin.

title: [Ambulatory long-term prevention of XXXX with low-molecular weight heparin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'haemorrhages']

answer: @entity1031 :: (MESH:D013923,Disease) :: ['thromboembolism']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cleaved @entity13474 (HKa), an activation product of the plasma @entity7199 -kinin system, inhibits endothelial cell functions. We questioned whether HKa affects the function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and accelerates their senescence. METHODS AND RESULTS: Treatment with HKa for 2 weeks markedly inhibited the formation of large colonies and proliferation of EPCs on collagen surfaces, whereas HKa did not affect collagen-mediated EPC adhesion and survival. Concomitantly, treated EPCs displayed flattened and giant cell morphological changes and formation of intracellular vacuoles. As determined by acidic b-galactosidase staining, HKa increased senescent EPCs by 2- and >3-fold after culture for 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. In addition, HKa suppressed the telomerase activity of EPCs. HKa concentration-dependently increased the generation of intracellular reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and markedly upregulated @entity1435 kinase phosphorylation and prosenescence molecule @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression. @entity1441 , a @entity1435 inhibitor, attenuated the level of HKa-enhanced @entity986 ( @entity986 ) expression. Either quenching of ROS or inhibition of @entity1435 kinase prevented HKa-induced EPC senescence. CONCLUSIONS: HKa accelerates the onset of EPC senescence by activating the ROS- @entity1435 kinase- @entity986 ( @entity986 ) signaling cascade. This novel activity of HKa points out the likelihood of HKa serving as an endogenous inducer of EPC senescence.

title: Cleaved @entity13474 accelerates the onset of endothelial progenitor cell senescence by induction of reactive XXXX species.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity7199 :: ('MESH:D007610', 'Chemical') :: ['kallikrein']

entities_list: @entity13474 :: ('3827', 'Gene') :: ['high-molecular-weight kininogen']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: The separate and combined effects of @entity37656 (25 mg) and @entity1443 (1 gm) on sleep were studied by interview procedures and information from medical records of 2,931 postoperative @entity1 . The sample contained 1,617 @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity158 and 1,314 who were free of @entity158 . Each received either @entity28999 alone (S), @entity1443 alone (A), a combination of both drugs (C), or placebo (P). Drug treatment was double blind and randomized separately for the @entity158 and @entity158 -free subsamples. Twelve measures of sleep were determined. C was more beneficial than S or A, and S and A were each superior to P. For all 12 sleep measures, the effect of the combination (C - P) approximated or exceeded the sum of the two separate effects ( @entity30061 ). The presence of either drug tended to enhance the sleep benefit of the other. The sedative and analgesic benefits to sleep were at least additive, and some outcome measures suggested synergism. In the total sample, the contributions of sedative and analgesic similar. Among @entity1 with @entity158 , contributions of the analgesic surpassed those of the sedative. For @entity1 free of @entity158 , the sedative was better, but even @entity158 -free @entity1 had enhanced sleep after the analgesic. The analgesic, but not the sedative, reduced @entity158 ; the analgesic induced the feeling of being well rested and not tired; the sedative induced a feeling of being drugged. Nondrug variables (e.g., @entity158 , sex, age, and sleep expectations) influenced sleep outcome at least as much as drugs, but randomization and the large sample prevented those extraneous variables from biasing drug comparisons.

title: Effects of @entity28999 and XXXX on postoperative sleep.

entities_list: @entity37656 :: ('MESH:C035385', 'Chemical') :: ['doxylamine succinate']

entities_list: @entity28999 :: ('MESH:D004319', 'Chemical') :: ['doxylamine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1443 :: (MESH:D000082,Chemical) :: ['acetaminophen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a paradigm change in the treatment of @entity320 and other advanced @entity5 . These agents manipulate key immune-regulating pathways to restore immune responses against @entity5 . The success of this approach is demonstrated by ipilimumab (Yervoy  ) for the treatment of advanced @entity320 , with improvement in three-year survival rates of about 20%. Newer checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed death-1 (PD-1) pathway have been approved and may have higher response rates and improved tolerability. OBJECTIVES: This article aims to educate nurses and increase their comfort level with these new therapies. METHODS: The mechanism of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors is reviewed, and insight is provided on how nurses can use this knowledge to more effectively care for @entity1 receiving these therapies. FINDINGS: The use of immuno-oncology agents is increasing. Oncology nurses must understand the basic immune mechanism of action responsible for the novel @entity137 profile characterized by immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical response patterns. Managing irAEs with immune checkpoint inhibitors is not necessarily more difficult than with conventional agents, but a difference does exist. Nurses and other healthcare providers must consider the underlying cause of @entity137 with immune checkpoint inhibitors when making management decisions.

title: Understanding Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Effective XXXX Care.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for @entity432 associated with @entity1333 . Eleven @entity1 (10 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ; ages 35-82 years) with the diagnosis of @entity1333 of the large vessels underwent interventional treatment during intraarterial angiography. The causes included @entity226 (n = 8) and @entity12040 (n = 3). Thirty-three @entity432 (including brachiocephalic and renal arteries, and arteries of upper and lower extremities) were treated with balloon angioplasty and/or stent placement. Follow-up included clinical examination, angiography, and color duplex ultrasound. Technical success was 100% (25/25) for stenoses and 50% (4/8) for @entity432 , representing all lesions combined from different anatomic locations. Dissection (n = 3) and @entity397 with retroperitoneal @entity1410 (n = 1) was found in three @entity1 . During follow-up (mean 12 months), restenoses (n = 8) and re-restenoses (n = 1) occurred in 8 vascular areas. Three of these lesions were treated with repeated @entity865 (n = 4). The cumulative primary clinical success rate was 67.6%, cumulative secondary success rate 74.4%, and cumulative tertiary success rate 75.9%. Interventional therapy in systemic @entity1333 provides promising results in technical success rates and followup. Angioplasty may result in @entity1317 , but the rate of complications is low.

title: Percutaneous management of XXXX associated with @entity1333 : a single center experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['arterial injury']

entities_list: @entity226 :: ('MESH:D013700', 'Disease') :: ['giant cell arteritis']

entities_list: @entity12040 :: ('MESH:D013625', 'Disease') :: ['Takayasu arteritis']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['arterial rupture']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['occlusive arterial disease', 'occlusive lesions']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['occlusive arterial disease']


abstract: This study evaluated the possibility that in @entity101 , mechanisms that maintain near normal arteriolar diameters at elevated arteriolar pressures limit the ability of skeletal muscle arterioles to dilate in response to an increase in tissue metabolism. The spinotrapezius muscles of 16- to 20-week-old spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY) were contracted at frequencies of 1, 2, 4, and 8 Hz. The inner diameters of first-order through third-order arterioles were measured at rest and following 3 minutes of contractions. Tissue @entity26 tension ( @entity4095 ) at the venous end of capillaries was monitored during 8-Hz contractions. At rest, following contractions, and after maximum dilation with @entity859 , the inner diameters of arterioles of equivalent branch order were not significantly different in SHR and WKY. Opening of closed arterioles during muscle contraction and @entity859 application occurred in less than 5% of the observations in both groups. The resting tissue @entity4095 was 25.5 +/- 1.3 mm Hg in normal @entity35 and 26.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg in SHR. At nearly maximum vasodilation during 8-Hz stimulation, tissue @entity4095 recovered to 81.9 +/- 12.7% of control in WKY but only to 41.2 +/- 13.0% of control in SHR. These observations indicate that the expression of local regulatory mechanisms related to tissue metabolism is virtually normal in the spinotrapezius muscle vasculature of SHR in the context of @entity384 . However, at near maximum performance, factors other than absolute arteriolar diameter preclude the normal preservation of tissue @entity4095 in the spinotrapezius muscle of SHR.

title: Arteriolar diameter and tissue XXXX tension during muscle contraction in @entity101 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['arteriolar dilation']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors present their experience in the laparoscopic management of @entity99 and @entity409 ( @entity409 ). METHODS: Between January 1996 and January 2002, 16 @entity1 underwent laparoscopic liver surgery. Indications were solitary giant cysts (n = 10) and @entity409 (n = 6). Data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: Laparoscopic fenestration was completed in 15 @entity1 . Median operative time was 80 min. There was no deaths. Complications occurred in four @entity1 : one @entity1 with a solitary @entity96 experienced @entity294 , while a @entity1143 , a @entity548 from the trocar-insertion site, and @entity843 occurred in three @entity1 with @entity409 . Median follow-up was 34 months. There was one asymptomatic recurrence (11%) in one @entity1 with a solitary cyst. Two @entity1 with @entity409 had a symptomatic recurrence of a @entity96 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic fenestration could be the preferred treatment of solitary liver cysts and @entity409 . Adequate selection of @entity1 and type of cystic liver together with a meticulous surgical technique are recommended.

title: Laparoscopic treatment of simple XXXX and @entity409 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cyst']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['PLD', 'polycystic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recovery of upper extremity functions after a severe @entity64 and @entity131 ( @entity131 ) have generally been less than satisfactory. The "cognitive sensory motor training therapy" is a relatively new method claimed to improve motor control using a specific type of repetitive sensory and motor re-learning protocol. There has been no previous study demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of the cognitive sensory motor training therapy to improve upper extremity motor function in @entity64 and @entity131 @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Seven @entity1 with persistent @entity73 for over 6 months after a @entity64 or @entity131 were trained with the cognitive sensory motor training therapy program. Hand and arm functions were measured with Action Research Arm (ARA) test before the beginning of the study and once a month thereafter. Data were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: There was improvement of ARA scores in all of the trained @entity1 . On average there was an increase of the ARA score of 7.7 points during the average training time of 2.5 months. CONCLUSION: The cognitive sensory motor training therapy may be an effective method for motor rehabilitation of @entity64 or traumatic brain injured @entity1 . Further prospective randomized control trials are justified and required.

title: Improved function of hemiplegic upper extremity after cognitive sensory motor training therapy in @entity64 XXXX : preliminary report of a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired upper extremity functions']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injuries']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'chronic stroke']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Insecticide-resistant mosquitoes are compromising the ability of current mosquito control tools to control @entity311 vectors. A proposed new approach for mosquito control is to use entomopathogenic fungi. These fungi have been shown to be lethal to both insecticide-susceptible and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes under laboratory conditions. The goal of this study was to see whether entomopathogenic fungi could be used to infect insecticide-resistant @entity311 vectors under field conditions, and to see whether the virulence and viability of the fungal conidia decreased after exposure to ambient African field conditions. METHODS: This study used the fungus @entity20702 to infect the insecticide-resistant @entity311 vector @entity313 s.s (Diptera: Culicidae) VKPER laboratory colony strain. Fungal conidia were applied to polyester netting and kept under West African field conditions for varying periods of time. The virulence of the fungal-treated netting was tested 1, 3 and 5 days after net application by exposing An. gambiae s.s. VKPER mosquitoes in WHO cone bioassays carried out under field conditions. In addition, the viability of @entity20702 conidia was measured after up to 20 days exposure to field conditions. RESULTS: The results show that @entity20702 infection caused significantly increased mortality with the daily risk of dying being increased by 2.5   for the fungus-exposed mosquitoes compared to the control mosquitoes. However, the virulence of the @entity20702 conidia decreased with increasing time spent exposed to the field conditions, the older the treatment on the net, the lower the fungus-induced mortality rate. This is likely to be due to the climate because laboratory trials found no such decline within the same trial time period. Conidial viability also decreased with increasing exposure to the net and natural abiotic environmental conditions. After 20 days field exposure the conidial viability was 30%, but the viability of control conidia not exposed to the net or field conditions was 79%. CONCLUSIONS: This work shows promise for the use of @entity20702 fungal conidia against insecticide-resistant mosquitoes in the field, but further work is required to examine the role of environmental conditions on fungal virulence and viability with a view to eventually making the fungal conidia delivery system more able to withstand the ambient African climate.

title: First report of the infection of insecticide-resistant XXXX vector mosquitoes with an entomopathogenic fungus under field conditions.

entities_list: @entity20702 :: ('475271', 'Species') :: ['Beauveria bassiana', 'B. bassiana']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity616 reduces @entity158 scores compared to placebo in @entity1 with chronic @entity2371 refractory to drug therapy. METHODS: Subjects with chronic @entity2371 due to benign conditions and refractory to drug therapy were invited to participate in a randomized, double blind, superiority trial at a tertiary reference center. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive paraspinal anesthetic block with 1% @entity3303 without @entity1425 or placebo (control). @entity3303 was injected along the spinal process of the @entity158 segment in the supra- and interspinal ligaments using a 25G X 2" needle. Placebo consisted of introduction of the needle in the same segment without injecting any substance. The main outcome measured was the @entity158 score based on a visual analog scale at T0 (baseline), T1 (within 15 min after the procedure) and T2 (one week after the procedure). Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Mean age was similar for both groups, i.e., 51.2 (paraspinal anesthetic block) and 51.8 years (control). A blind examiner measured the degree of @entity158 according to the visual analog scale from 0 (no @entity158 ) to 10 ( @entity158 imaginable). Based on the visual analog scale, the mean @entity158 scores of the paraspinal anesthetic block group at T0, T1 and T2 were 5.50 (SD=2.92; 95%CI 3.84-7.15), 2.72 (SD=2.10; 95%CI 1.53-3.90), and 4.36 (SD=2.37; 95%CI 1.89-6.82), respectively. The difference between T0 and T1 was statistically significant, with p=0.03. CONCLUSIONS: Paraspinal anesthetic block had a small effect on visual analog scale @entity158 score immediately after the injections, but no sustained benefit after one week. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of paraspinal anesthetic block with different @entity3303 doses for the treatment of @entity3825 of other causes.

title: Efficacy of paraspinal anesthetic block in @entity1 with chronic XXXX refractory to drug therapy: a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity3825 :: ('MESH:D059265', 'Disease') :: ['visceral pain']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic pain']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful', 'worst pain']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['paraspinal block']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Twospotted spider mite (TSSM), @entity7213 Koch, is an early season pest of @entity2708 in the mid-southern USA and causes reduction in yield, fiber quality and impaired seed germination. Objectives of this study were to investigate the efficacy of @entity51861 and @entity14653 with two divergent LC50 values against TSSM in a computer-operated spray table which simulated aerial application parameters. Combined with a pressure of 276  kPa and a speed of 8  km/h, a 650033 nozzle delivered a spray rate of 18.7 L/ha. The active ingredient rates were 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 and the lowest label recommended rates for early season @entity2708 . The intent was to study efficacy relative to deposition characteristics at active ingredient rates equal to and lower than those recommended by the label. Spectral reflectance values from a multispectral optical sensor were used to calculate the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index which numerically described the surface reflectance characteristics of @entity2708 canopies concomitant to damage caused by @entity7213 in the greenhouse. Water sensitive paper samplers described spray droplet spectra parameters (Dv0.1, Dv0.5 and Dv0.9,   m) and percent spray coverage. The volume median diameter (Dv0.5,   m) for @entity51861 and @entity14653 were respectively, 218 and 258 at one-half rate of the lowest label rate. These spray droplets were well above the driftable portions of the spray volume (<141    m) for both @entity51861 and @entity14653 . Efficacy evaluations indicated that @entity14653 was more effective than @entity51861 in controlling @entity7213 on early season @entity2708 at one-half rate of the lowest label rate. Results reported herein demonstrate that the multispectral optical sensor in lieu of manually counting @entity7213 appears to be a promising tool for efficacy evaluations against acaricides for early season plants grown in greenhouses.

title: Evaluation of selected acaricides against twospotted spider mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) on greenhouse XXXX using multispectral data.

entities_list: @entity14653 :: ('MESH:C521569', 'Chemical') :: ['spiromesifen']

entities_list: @entity7213 :: ('32264', 'Species') :: ['T. urticae', 'Tetranychus urticae']

entities_list: @entity51861 :: ('MESH:C048324', 'Chemical') :: ['abamectin']

answer: @entity2708 :: (3635,Species) :: ['cotton']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity483 ( @entity483 ) there is evidence of tissue @entity82 involving a number of structural changes, including papillary dermal @entity82 and @entity1373 . These changes are suggested to be the result of @entity32 . Several remodeling-associated cytokines, including @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 , have been shown to be increased in @entity56 , including @entity565 . OBJECTIVE: We investigated @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 expression in skin biopsy specimens recovered from acute and chronic @entity272 from @entity1 with @entity483 , as well as from uninvolved skin of @entity1 with @entity483 and skin from healthy volunteers. We also examined the correlation between the expression of these cytokines and the extent of total, type I, and type III collagen deposition. METHODS: We evaluated the expression of @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 by means of immunohistochemistry. Collagen deposition was assessed by means of immunohistochemistry and van Gieson staining. RESULTS: @entity2533 expression was markedly enhanced in both acute and particularly chronic lesions (P <.001). Although @entity4382 expression was significantly increased only in chronic lesions (P <.0001), @entity4155 was preferentially associated with acute lesions (P <.005). Although @entity1413 was not significantly different among the groups, type I collagen deposition was significantly increased in chronic @entity483 (P <.0005). There was a significant correlation between @entity4382 and type I collagen deposition, as well as the number of eosinophils in skin specimens from @entity1 with @entity483 (r (2) = 0.527, and r (2) = 0.622, respectively; P <.0001). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity2533 , @entity4382 , and @entity4155 are involved in the remodeling of @entity272 in @entity1 with @entity483 . However, @entity4382 and @entity4155 are preferentially expressed at different stages of the disease. Type I collagen appeared to be the major subtype involved in this repair process.

title: Polarized in vivo expression of @entity4382 and @entity4155 between acute and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation of the skin']

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['AD lesions', 'atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['epidermal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['TGF-beta1', 'transforming growth factor (TGF) beta1']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen type III deposition']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['skin lesions']


abstract: @entity2828 is a common @entity5 of childhood but is a rare occurrence in individuals over 20 years of age. Few cases are reported as originating from peripheral nerves. We present an unusual case of extraosseous @entity2828 originating from the sciatic nerve in a 66-year-old @entity1 which had the clinical hallmarks of a @entity5 . Following discussion at a multidisciplinary meeting, excision biopsy of the suspected @entity5 was planned. At operation, the mass had malignant features. Histology confirmed the presence of @entity2828 . Due to the morbidity of nerve resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were commenced. @entity2828 is known to mimic benign pathologies. In this case there were subtle signs of a malignant process in the form of unremitting @entity158 . It is vital to keep in mind the less common @entity5 that can affect the peripheral nervous system in such cases.

title: Extraskeletal XXXX Arising from the Sciatic Nerve: A Diagnostic Challenge.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumour', 'tumours', 'benign nerve sheath tumour']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

answer: @entity2828 :: (MESH:D012512,Disease) :: ['Ewing's Sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) anatomy pose challenges when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is required. Deep enteroscopy-assisted ERCP can allow pancreaticobiliary intervention in these @entity1 , but with limited success. This case series describes @entity4629 ( @entity4629 ) for @entity1 following RYGB. METHODS: @entity1 with RYGB anatomy undergoing @entity4629 at a tertiary care center were included in this prospective single-arm feasibility study. All procedures were performed in two stages. First a 16-Fr percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) was placed in the excluded stomach using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guidance. Second, ERCP was performed through the newly fashioned gastrostomy and a transcutaneous fully covered metal esophageal stent. RESULTS: Six @entity1 (5 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 ) with RYGB anatomy underwent @entity4629 . EUS-guided PEG placement was successful in all six @entity1 (100%). Antegrade ERCP was successful in all six @entity1 (100%) with the stages being separated by a mean of 5.8 days. The mean procedure times for the two stages were 81 minutes and 98 minutes. Two @entity1 (33%) had localized PEG site infections that were managed with oral antibiotics. There were no adverse events related to ERCP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4629 is both feasible and safe to perform in RYGB @entity1 . Given the high success rates of our recent experience, we suspect that this technique can be performed as a one-stage procedure to provide a cost-effective, minimally invasive option for a common problem in a growing @entity1 population.

title: Endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP ( XXXX ) for Roux-en-Y anatomy: a novel technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity4629 :: ('MESH:D051556', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic ultrasound-directed transgastric ERCP', 'EDGE']

answer: @entity4629 :: (MESH:D051556,Disease) :: ['EDGE']


abstract: Chinese snub-nosed monkeys belong to the genus @entity44517 and are limited in distribution to six isolated mountainous areas in the temperate regions of Central and Southwest China. Compared to the other members of the subfamily Colobinae (or leaf-eating monkeys), these endangered primates are unique in being adapted to a high altitude environment and display a remarkable ability to tolerate low temperatures and @entity519 . They thus offer an interesting organismal model of adaptation to extreme environmental stress. Mitochondria generate energy by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and play important roles in @entity26 usage and energy metabolism. We analyzed the mitochondrial genomes of two Chinese snub-nosed monkey species and eight other colobines in the first attempt to understand the genetic basis of high altitude adaptation in non- @entity1 primates. We found significant evidence of positive selection in one Chinese snub-nosed monkey, @entity44517 , which is suggestive of adaptive change related to high altitude and cold weather stress. In addition, our study identified two potentially important adaptive @entity535 residues (533 and 3307) in the NADH2 and @entity2125 6 genes, respectively. Surprisingly, no evidence for positive selection was found in @entity21875 (the other Chinese snub-nosed monkey analyzed). This finding is intriguing, especially considering that @entity21875 inhabits a higher altitudinal distribution than @entity44517 . We hypothesize that a different adaptive genetic basis to high altitude survival exists in @entity21875 from those seen in other mammals, and that positive selection and functionally associated mutations in this species may be detected in nuclear genes related to energy and @entity26 metabolism. More information on the structure, function, and evolution of mitochondrial and nuclear genomes in Chinese snub-nosed monkeys is required to reveal the molecular mechanisms that underlie adaptations to high altitude survival in non- @entity1 primates.

title: Mitogenomic analysis of Chinese snub-nosed monkeys: Evidence of positive selection in XXXX dehydrogenase genes in high-altitude adaptation.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity21875 :: ('61621', 'Species') :: ['Rhinopithecus bieti', 'R. bieti']

entities_list: @entity44517 :: ('61622', 'Species') :: ['Rhinopithecus roxellana', 'Rhinopithecus', 'R. roxellana']

answer: @entity2125 :: (MESH:D009243,Chemical) :: ['NADH']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of specific types of @entity1082 ), and the association with possible risk factors, among female university students at university in Honduras. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, cervical samples from 400 @entity1 aged 18-35years were tested using a Roche HPV linear array to differentiate 37 genotypes of HPV. Associations with risk factors were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 400 @entity1 , 393 completed the study. HPV DNA was detected in 45% of these @entity1 , of whom 73% were infected with high-risk types of HPV and 46% had @entity281 . Overall, 36 HPV genotypes were identified, of which HPV types 16, 51, 84, 66, and 39 were the most common. There was a marked decrease in the prevalence of multiple and high-risk infections with age. The factors that were independently associated with risk of being infected were related to @entity146 . CONCLUSION: The study showed that genital @entity1083 is common among sexually active @entity1 at university in Honduras. In addition, the Roche linear array was shown to be a valuable tool for HPV genotyping, which will be useful for monitoring the future effectiveness of an HPV vaccine in the population.

title: Assessment of XXXX among female university students in Honduras via Roche linear array.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['sexual behavior and smoking habits']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['multiple infections']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1083 :: (MESH:D030361,Disease) :: ['HPV infection']


abstract: This study describes the influence of 25% human serum albumin (HSA) supplementation on serum albumin level, total protein (TP), @entity551 ( @entity551 ), hospital stay, and survival in @entity235 with @entity298 . Records of 39 @entity235 with @entity298 were evaluated. In the HSA group, initial and post-transfusion TP, albumin, @entity551 , and HSA dose were recorded. In the non-supplemented group, repeated values of TP, albumin, and @entity551 were recorded over their hospitalization. Eighteen @entity235 survived (53.8% mortality). Repeat albumin values were higher in survivors (mean 23.9 g/L) and elevated repeat albumin values were associated with HSA supplementation. Repeat albumin and TP were higher in the HSA supplemented group (mean 24 g/L and 51.9 g/L, respectively) and their @entity551 increased by 5.8 mmHg. Length of hospitalization was not affected. Twenty-five percent HSA increases albumin, TP, and @entity551 in @entity235 @entity1 with @entity298 . Higher postoperative albumin levels are associated with survival.

title: A retrospective analysis of 25% human serum albumin supplementation in hypoalbuminemic @entity235 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['colloid osmotic pressure', 'COP']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['septic peritonitis']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['septic peritonitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Resective surgery is considered an effective treatment for refractory localization-related @entity302 . Most studies have reported @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes of 2-5years postsurgery and a few up to 10years. Our study aimed to assess long-term (up to 15years) postsurgical @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes at our @entity302 center. The Henry Ford Health System Corporate Data Store was accessed to identify @entity1 who had undergone surgical resection for localization-related @entity302 from 1993 to 2011. Demographics including age at @entity302 onset and surgery, @entity410 frequency before surgery, and pathology were gathered from electronic medical records. Phone surveys were conducted from May 2012 to January 2013 to determine @entity1 ' current @entity410 frequency and psychosocial metrics including driving and employment status and use of antidepressants. Surgical outcomes were based on Engel's classification (classes I and II=favorable outcomes). McNemar's tests, chi-square tests, two sample t-tests, and Wilcoxon two sample tests were used to analyze the relationships of psychosocial and surgical outcomes with demographic and surgical characteristics. A total of 470 @entity1 had resective @entity302 surgery, and of those, 50 (11%) had died since surgery. Of the remaining, 253 (60%) were contacted with mean follow-up of 10.6  5.0years (27% of @entity1 had follow-up of 15years or longer). Of the @entity1 surveyed, 32% were @entity410 -free and 75% had a favorable outcome (classes I and II). Favorable outcomes had significant associations with temporal resection (78% temporal vs 58% extratemporal, p=0.01) and when surgery was performed after scalp EEG only (85% vs 65%, p<0.001). Most importantly, favorable and @entity410 -free outcome rates remained stable after surgery over long-term follow-up [i.e., <5years (77%, 41%), 5-10years (67%, 29%), 10-15years (78%, 38%), and >15years (78%, 26%)]. Compared to before surgery, @entity1 at the time of the survey were more likely to be driving (51% vs 35%, p<0.001) and using antidepressants (30% vs 22%, p=0.013) but less likely to be working full-time (23% vs 42%, p<0.001). A large majority of @entity1 (92%) considered @entity302 surgery worthwhile regardless of the resection site, and this was associated with favorable outcomes (favorable=98% vs unfavorable=74%, p<0.001). The findings suggest that resective @entity302 surgery yields favorable long-term postoperative @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes.

title: Long-term @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes after resective surgery for intractable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To define a new clinical entity in a consanguineous family with six @entity1 affected by @entity2194 , including @entity231 , @entity600 , @entity1713 , @entity170 , and platyspondyly. To analyze candidate genes of @entity2597 as a possible underlying disorder and to demonstrate especially the ocular phenotype. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Consanguineous parents, one unaffected sibling and five affected @entity1 with clinical features of spondylo-ocular syndrome, were demonstrated. Clinical examination, radiologic, laboratory, and cytogenetic as well as moleculargenetic analyses were performed. The segregation of flanking marker alleles of three collagen genes and the interval for @entity36367 were analyzed. Two microsatellite markers located within Pax6CA/GT region were tested for homozygosity. RESULTS: On laboratory investigation a normal excretion of @entity1522 , mucopolysaccharides, and oligosaccharides could be found. The karyotype was normal. Complete radiologic examination in one index @entity1 revealed a generalized moderate @entity170 , platyspondyly with fish bone appearance, and greatly enlarged intervertebral spaces. The candidate genes known to be in @entity4712 as well as linkage to the @entity36367 candidate region could be excluded. None of the affected showed homozygosity for the @entity6484 microsatellite markers. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the phenotype and the clinical features in this family defines a new @entity74 . It remains to be seen what kind of molecule shared by eye and bone is involved.

title: @entity2194 : a new entity with @entity600 , @entity231 , XXXX , @entity170 , and platyspondyly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['a spondylo-ocular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorders']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity36367 :: ('MESH:C536063', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis-pseudoglioma syndrome']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity4712 :: ('MESH:C580472', 'Disease') :: ['Stickler syndrome']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['crystalline lens malformation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Mendelian disorder']

answer: @entity1713 :: (MESH:D012163,Disease) :: ['retinal detachment']