abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Little work has been reported on the treatment of recurrent @entity4553 . We reviewed 64 cases after surgical treatment in order to ascertain the cause of recurrence, results of the treatment given, and deduce therapeutic options and indications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-nine @entity1 had 64 recurrent @entity4553 . Mean age of the @entity1 was 58 years, 54 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 . The clinical and radiographic preoperative work-up led to two categories of treatments. In 35 cases, conservative treatment was used to re-align the axis by procedures on the soft tissues either alone or in combination with MacBride tendon transfers, metatarsal osteotomies, or osteotomies to shorten the first phalange. In 29 cases, metatarsophalangeal arthrodesis was used. @entity1 satisfaction, @entity158 , deformation, shoe wearing and activity were recorded at follow-up. The same radiological parameters were used postoperatively to assess anatomic results. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was more than 6 years (range 2-18 years). The subjective result was good in 52 cases. The objective result was good in 50 cases and poor in 14 (including 7 cases with insufficient correction). The results were analyzed by type of treatment. DISCUSSION: The preoperative analysis demonstrated that recurrence is due to insufficient initial treatment which must take into account all the components leading to the deformation. Arthrodesis gave a good result in 83% of the cases and conservative treatment gave a good result in 71%. Thus, in our opinion, no one type of treatment of recurrent @entity4553 can be applied for all @entity1 . Nevertheless, conservative treatment should associate complementary procedures that can be deduced from the clinical and radiological analysis.

title: [Surgical treatment of recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus', 'hallux valgus bunions']

answer: @entity4553 :: (MESH:D006215,Disease) :: ['hallux valgus']


abstract: The spontaneous electrical activities of circular muscle cells of the @entity235 proximal colon were studied with intracellular micro-electrodes. All circular muscle cells exhibited slow waves at frequencies ranging between 2.8 and 7.0 cycles/min. The slow waves consisted of an upstroke phase followed by a plateau phase of variable duration (2-40 s). Many cells displayed a slow diastolic depolarization, or 'pre-potential' between slow waves. Slow waves spontaneously varied in duration and frequency in most preparations, creating distinctive slow wave patterns. @entity3897 , 2 X 10(-6) M, decreased the durations of slow waves in many preparations and often changed the pattern to a series of relatively uniform slow waves. A further reduction in mean slow wave duration was produced by additional treatment with @entity1022 , 10(-6) M. These results suggested that slow wave duration and pattern were affected by spontaneous discharge from both cholinergic and non-cholinergic excitatory nerves. Transmural nerve stimulation caused a short latency increase in slow wave duration (up to 38 s) that was abolished by @entity3897 . In the presence of @entity3897 , transmural stimulation evoked inhibitory junction potentials that reduced the amplitude and duration of the subsequent slow wave. The slow wave of reduced amplitude was followed by a slow wave of increased duration. The increase in duration of the slow wave did not appear to be related to the size of the preceding hyperpolarization, suggesting it was mediated by the release from non-cholinergic excitatory nerves. All responses to transmural stimulation were blocked by @entity1022 . Microejection of @entity934 on to the muscle adjacent to the micro-electrode also produced an @entity3897 -sensitive increase in slow wave duration. Tissues that had been stored in the cold overnight to reduce intrinsic neural activity exhibited regular slow waves of short duration. It is proposed that the basic myogenic pattern of spontaneous slow wave activity consists of regularly occurring slow waves of short duration (2-5 s). Intrinsic cholinergic and non-cholinergic excitatory nerves appear to modulate slow wave activity in vitro, producing distinctive slow wave patterns of variable instantaneous frequency and duration.

title: Enteric neural regulation of slow waves in circular muscle of the XXXX proximal colon.

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the methods and therapeutic effects of trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation in the treatment of @entity174 . METHODS: From 2007 to 2010,9 @entity1 including 7 males and 2 females with the mean age of 40 years(ranging from 29 to 51 years). All @entity1 received internal fixation of fibula after debridement on the first phase, external fixator were used to fix tibia across ankle joint, and removed after successful skin graft; The second phase tibia was used to fix through the lateral incision used in phase I. Early functional exercise was encouraged ,the union condition and functional results of the ankle joint was evealuated. The criteria of the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery was used to evaluate the effects. RESULTS: All @entity1 were followed up,and the duration ranged for 8 to 37 months(averaged 21 months). Nine @entity1 were achieved bony union, the average healing time was 24 weeks. No plate @entity397 was found. According to the AOFAS Foot and Ankle Surgery evaluation system, 3 cases got excellent results, 4 good cases and 2 fair. CONCLUSION: Trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach combined with external fixation for @entity174 can receive satisfactory reset, debond ankle joint eralier and imporove the clinical effects.

title: [Treatment of XXXX through trans-fibular anterior-lateral approach].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture or screw loosening']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Gustilo III distal tibiofibula fractures']


abstract: The primary inflorescence stem of @entity958 is rich in lignified cell walls, in both vascular bundles and interfascicular fibres. Previous gene expression studies demonstrated a correlation between expression of @entity35839 biosynthetic genes and a subset of genes encoding @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters, especially in the ABCB/multi-drug resistance/P-glycoprotein (ABCB/MDR/PGP) and ABCG/pleiotropic drug resistance (ABCG/PDR) subfamilies. The objective of this study was to characterize these ABC transporters in terms of their gene expression and their function in development of lignified cells. Based on in silico analyses, four ABC transporters were selected for detailed investigation: ABCB11/MDR8, @entity73048 /MDR12, ABCB15/MDR13, and ABCG33/ @entity73049 . Promoter::glucuronidase reporter assays for each gene indicated that promoters of ABCB11, @entity73048 , ABCB15, and ABCG33 transporters are active in the vascular tissues of primary stem, and in some cases in interfascicular tissues as well. Homozygous T-DNA insertion mutant lines showed no apparent irregular xylem phenotype or alterations in interfascicular fibre lignification or morphology in comparison with wild type. However, in @entity73048 -1 mutants, stem vascular morphology was slightly disorganized, with decreased phloem area in the vascular bundle and decreased xylem vessel lumen diameter. In addition, @entity73048 -1 mutants showed both decreased polar auxin transport through whole stems and altered auxin distribution in the procambium. It is proposed that both @entity73048 and ABCB15 promote auxin transport since inflorescence stems in both mutants showed a reduction in polar auxin transport, which was not observed for any of the ABCG subfamily mutants tested. In the case of @entity73048 , the reduction in auxin transport is correlated with a mild disruption of vascular development in the inflorescence stem.

title: ABC transporters coordinately expressed during lignification of XXXX stems include a set of ABCBs associated with auxin transport.

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity35839 :: ('CHEBI:26004', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylpropanoid']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Serial two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular @entity715 in 92 consecutive @entity1 with a confirmed first @entity583 . Thirty left ventricular thrombi were diagnosed in these 92 @entity1 . The cumulative percent of identified @entity715 in each echocardiographic examination in the surviving @entity1 was 27% at less than 24 h; 57% at 48 to 72 h; 75% at 1 week and 96% at 2 weeks. The @entity715 shape was defined as mural in 53% and protruding in 47% of @entity1 . Systemic @entity887 ( @entity64 ) was noted during hospitalization in two @entity1 with a protruding @entity715 . At 12 weeks of follow-up, @entity1 with @entity715 had poorer (and almost unchanged from baseline) global left ventricular function as expressed by wall motion score compared with that of @entity1 without @entity715 , who exhibited significant improvement. Global left ventricular wall motion in @entity1 with persisting or resolved @entity715 was similar during follow-up. Apical wall motion worsened in 70% of the @entity1 with persisting @entity715 and in 25% of the @entity1 with resolved @entity715 (p less than 0.1). In the 22 surviving @entity1 with @entity715 , resolution or change in @entity715 shape or size was noted in 14 of the 15 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy and in 4 of the 7 untreated @entity1 . Six of the 18 @entity1 with an early- (48 to 72 h) and none of the 12 @entity1 with a later-formed @entity715 died. Maximal serum enzyme levels, percent with Killip functional class III to IV and left ventricular wall motion score were higher in the @entity1 with an early- than in those with a later-formed @entity715 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular thrombus incidence and behavior studied by serial two-dimensional echocardiography in XXXX : left ventricular wall motion, systemic @entity887 and oral anticoagulation.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute anterior myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is extremely sensitive in the detection of superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoparticle-labeled cells. However, no study has compared molecular imaging for stem cell detection using SWI and other MRI pulse sequences. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to assess the sensitivity of SWI in detecting SPIO nanoparticle-labeled, @entity1 bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SPIO-hMSCs) compared with that of T2- and T2*-weighted imaging (T2WI and T2*WI, respectively) in a phantom and in vivo study in @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A phantom was prepared with various cell concentrations. In one normal @entity35 , SPIO-hMSCs were implanted directly through burr holes into both caudate putamens, while in three @entity35 without and six @entity35 with @entity1188 , 2.5 * 10(5)/ml SPIO-hMSCs were infused into the @entity3538 (ICA). T2WI, T2*WI, and SWI findings were compared for dark regions representing SPIO-hMSCs. RESULTS: SWI and T2*WI detected 15   L of 13 SPIO-hMSCs/  L and 15   L of 27 SPIO-hMSCs/  L in the phantom, respectively and 3   L of 333 SPIO-hMSCs/  L and 3   L of 167 SPIO-hMSCs/  L in the normal @entity35 brain (direct implantation). In the normal @entity35 brain (ICA infusion), one of the three cases showed numerous foci of dark regions dispersed throughout the brain on T2*WI and SWI. Dark regions surrounded the @entity1188 in all six infracted @entity35 brains. The dark region was most prominent on SWI, followed by T2*WI and T2WI in all six @entity35 (P = 0.002). Implanted SPIO-hMSCs were confirmed using Prussian blue staining. CONCLUSIONS: SWI is the most sensitive in the detection of SPIO-hMSCs, with the dark regions representing SPIO-hMSCs being more prominent on SWI than on T2*WI and T2WI.

title: Sensitivity of susceptibility-weighted imaging in detecting superparamagnetic XXXX -labeled mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['photothrombotic infarction', 'infarcts']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: @entity1462 are rare congenital lesions which often have associated skeletal changes. Over a period of ten years, 90 @entity1 at our clinic had a @entity455 of the lower limb, examined by either CT or MRI. Of these, 18 (20%) had bony involvement. A questionnaire was sent to these @entity1 (8 @entity1 , 10 @entity1 ) to evaluate their age of presentation, initial symptoms and current complaints. Radiological imaging revealed 15 low- and three high-flow lesions. The mean age at presentation to a physician was six years of age. @entity158 was the most common complaint. Disparity in leg length of 2 cm or more was observed in ten @entity1 . Of the 16 @entity1 with @entity121 , 13 had four or more muscles involved. Treatment by resection alone would require radical surgery.

title: XXXX of the lower limb with osseous involvement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular anomaly']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular malformations']

answer: @entity1462 :: (MESH:D054079,Disease) :: ['Vascular malformations']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term improvement could be observed after orbital radiotherapy for @entity2743 ; in addition, to evaluate ancillary treatments needed for those who have received radiotherapy, to search for late-emerging adverse consequences of radiotherapy, and to relate orbital changes to serum levels of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). DESIGN: Three-year follow-up of noncomparative interventional case series. @entity1 : Forty-two @entity1 . INTERVENTION: All @entity1 had received orbital radiotherapy within 6 months of study entry. Twelve months after study entry, @entity1 were free to select any additional treatment for their @entity6875 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Need for surgery, @entity134 therapy, volume of extraocular muscles and fat, proptosis, area of @entity892 fields and range of extraocular muscle motion, volume changes after decompression and correlations of eye findings with serum TSI levels, retinal status. RESULTS: Half of the @entity1 elected to have a surgical procedure on their eyes or orbits. Among @entity1 who were not decompressed, we found only slight improvement in some of the main outcome measures. TSI did not positively correlate with baseline status or with any observed change in major outcome measures. After orbital decompression, the volumes of both muscle and fat increase, but bony orbital volume increases more and proptosis diminishes. @entity989 consistent with @entity989 developed de novo in five eyes of three @entity1 within 3 years of radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this 3-year uncontrolled follow-up phase, limited evidence for a clinically significant improvement was observed, which may be the result of treatment or of natural remission. In either case, the changes are of little clinical significance. Because it is neither effective nor innocuous, radiotherapy does not seem to be indicated for treatment of mild to moderate @entity6875 .

title: The aftermath of orbital radiotherapy for graves' XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinal microvascular abnormalities', 'radiation retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

answer: @entity6875 :: (MESH:D049970,Disease) :: ['ophthalmopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with several mutations in the @entity10736 ( @entity10736 ), including most @entity462 substitutions. However, the nature of two substitutions, @entity66323 and @entity16103 , remains a topic of discussion. The aim of this study was to assess the actual role of these two sequence variations in a series of @entity1 with @entity5 . METHODS: The main clinical data of 89 @entity1 with @entity5 have been prospectively registered on a standard form. 84 @entity1 or members of families with recurrent episodes of inflammatory symptoms spanning a period of more than 6 months and harbouring a @entity10736 mutation were studied. Clinical data have been analysed according to the nature of the mutation- @entity66323 , @entity16103 or others. RESULTS: @entity66323 is often seen in @entity1 from Maghreb and is associated with a mild phenotype. @entity66323 appears as a polymorphism with a non-specific role in @entity32 . @entity16103 is associated with a variable phenotype and presents as a low-penetrance mutation. Interpreting these results will require a comparison with clinical signs and genetic background.

title: Clinical significance of XXXX and @entity16103 substitutions in the @entity5 necrosis factor superfamily 1A gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TRAPS', 'Tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16103 :: ('p|SUB|R|92|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['R92Q']

entities_list: @entity66323 :: ('p|SUB|P|46|L', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['P46L']

entities_list: @entity10736 :: ('7132', 'Gene') :: ['TNF receptor super family 1A', 'TNFRSF1A']

answer: @entity66323 :: (p|SUB|P|46|L,ProteinMutation) :: ['P46L']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity195 ( @entity195 ) has been associated with diminished function of the biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) and pronounced circadian sleep-wake cycle disturbances. Few studies have investigated other @entity303 etiologies. Because @entity167 acts on the SCN and modifies circadian rhythms in animal studies, @entity716 ( @entity716 ) may also be associated with circadian @entity854 . This pilot study investigated the rest-activity cycle of @entity716 to see whether there were sleep-wake cycle disturbances similar to those that the authors had observed in @entity1 with @entity195 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational study in a single academic medical center. @entity1 , MEASUREMENTS: The authors investigated the circadian rest-activity cycle of six moderately demented @entity1 with @entity716 who wore an activity/lux monitor for 10-26 days and compared these patterns with those of six home-living healthy individuals of the same age group. In addition, rest-activity cycle data from previous studies of @entity1 with @entity195 were examined. INTERVENTIONS: None. RESULTS: The rest-activity cycle of @entity716 was remarkably well entrained, without the marked circadian and sleep disturbances found in @entity1 with @entity195 on the same ward. @entity716 had a >2 hour earlier bedtime and rest onset than healthy subjects and a 30-minute earlier wake-up time, resulting in longer nocturnal rest duration. The major difference was a greatly diminished daytime activity level and extremely low light exposure. CONCLUSION: A stably entrained, although low-amplitude and phase-advanced rest-activity cycle may reflect the different neuropathology of demented @entity1 with @entity716 compared with @entity1 with @entity195 .

title: The circadian rest-activity cycle in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['rhythm abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['Korsakoff psychosis', 'KP']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['Korsakoff psychosis']


abstract: CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the rate of severe @entity56 did not increase when the @entity619 pre-medication dose was reduced to 11   mg prior to @entity1205 infusion. OBJECTIVES: @entity619 is commonly used to prevent the adverse effects of @entity1205 in @entity135 treatment. The recommended @entity619 dose is 8   mg orally twice daily for 3 days for each injection of @entity1205 . This pre-medication reduces the incidence of adverse effects to 1-2% of treated @entity1 . However, many adverse events have been observed with long-term @entity479 use. In an attempt to balance the benefits and harms of @entity479 prophylaxis without affecting the safety of @entity1205 , this study tried to reduce the duration and dose of @entity619 . METHODS: In this study, a total of 336 @entity1 underwent @entity1205 -containing protocols (TP or TPF regimens) to treat @entity135 . @entity1205 was given in doses of 70   mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks. @entity619 (0.75   mg/tablet) pre-medication was given in different doses (45, 24, 18, and 11   mg); the minimum dose included 6   mg orally in the morning and 5   mg intravenously immediately before @entity1205 infusion. RESULTS: Severe @entity56 were experienced by none of 30 @entity1 who received 45   mg (7.5   mg orally twice for 3 days) @entity619 pre-medication in 125 cycles, none of 20 @entity1 who received 24   mg (6   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity619 in 77 cycles, and none of 20 @entity1 who received 18   mg (4.5   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity619 in 79 cycles. Three of 266 @entity1 who received 11   mg @entity619 in 1054 applications developed a severe @entity56 with @entity5143 and @entity551 , two of the 266 @entity1 developed a severe @entity1910 , and four developed severe @entity4 .

title: Safe dose reduction of XXXX pre-medication for @entity1205 in @entity135 treatment.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck neoplasm', 'head and neck neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['oedema']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['Dexamethasone', 'dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity reaction', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Docetaxel']

answer: @entity479 :: (D013256,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with @entity353 for XXXX non-insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: @entity293 are commonly caused by a-hemolysin (HlyA)-producing @entity526 . In erythrocytes, the cytotoxic effect of HlyA is strongly amplified by P2X receptors, which are activated by extracellular ATP released from the cytosol of the erythrocytes. In @entity8 , HlyA causes reversible [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, which trigger interleukin-6 ( @entity777 ) and IL-8 release. We speculate that this effect is caused by HlyA-induced ATP release from the epithelial cells and successive P2 receptor activation. Here, we demonstrate that HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations in @entity8 were completely prevented by scavenging extracellular ATP. In accordance, HlyA was unable to inflict any [Ca(2+)]i oscillations in 132-1N1 cells, which lack P2R completely. After transfecting these cells with the hP2Y2 receptor, HlyA readily triggered [Ca(2+)]i oscillations, which were abolished by P2 receptor antagonists. Moreover, HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations were markedly reduced in medullary thick ascending limbs isolated from @entity34585 receptor-deficient @entity19 compared with wild type. Interestingly, the following HlyA-induced @entity777 release was absent in @entity34585 receptor-deficient @entity19 . This suggests that HlyA induces ATP release from @entity8 , which via @entity34585 receptors is the main mediator of HlyA-induced [Ca(2+)]i oscillations and @entity777 release. This supports the notion that ATP signaling occurs early during @entity2348 and is a key player in the further inflammatory response.

title: [Ca2+]i Oscillations and @entity777 Release Induced by a-Hemolysin from XXXX Require P2 Receptor Activation in Renal Epithelia.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal epithelia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary tract infections']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2319 is the most frequent @entity74 . With over 90 genes and 110 loci causally implicated in @entity3491 , it is phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous. Here, we investigate the genetic etiology of @entity2319 in four families of Iranian origin segregating @entity3491 ( @entity3491 ). We used a combination of linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping, and a targeted genomic enrichment platform to simultaneously screen 90 known @entity2319 -causing genes for pathogenic variants. Variant segregation was confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Linkage analysis and homozygosity mapping showed segregation with the @entity71686 locus on chromosome 10 in two families. Targeted genomic enrichment with massively parallel sequencing identified causal variants in @entity68400 : a homozygous missense variant ( @entity71687 ) in one family and compound heterozygosity for missense ( @entity71688 ) and nonsense ( @entity71689 ) variants in the second family. Screening of two additional families identified two more variants: ( @entity71690 ) and ( @entity71691 ). Variant segregation with the @entity393 phenotype was confirmed in all families by Sanger sequencing. The missense variants are predicted to be deleterious, and the two nonsense mutations produce null alleles. This report is the first to show that mutations in @entity68400 cause @entity3491 , a finding that offers addition insight into the @entity24129 interactome. We also describe a novel likely disease-causing mutation in @entity32808 and illustrate the complexity associated with gene identification in diseases that exhibit large genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: @entity68400 and XXXX : More than just a modifier.

entities_list: @entity71689 :: ('p|SUB|Y|500|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Tyr500Ter']

entities_list: @entity3491 :: ('MESH:C580334', 'Disease') :: ['non-syndromic hearing loss', 'ARNSHL', 'autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['deafness', 'Deafness']

entities_list: @entity71691 :: ('p|SUB|Q|526|X', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gln526Ter']

entities_list: @entity71687 :: ('p|SUB|G|103|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly103Arg']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['sensory disorder']

entities_list: @entity71690 :: ('p|SUB|G|228|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Gly228Arg']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

entities_list: @entity71688 :: ('p|SUB|M|285|R', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Met285Arg']

answer: @entity393 :: (MESH:D034381,Disease) :: ['hearing loss']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Molecular diagnostics has improved the differentiation of acute @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ). @entity1381 may have features mimicking @entity2106 . We identified novel complement mutations and a high incidence of @entity806 , with favorable long term outcomes. Complement mutation analysis in @entity9818 where the diagnosis is unclear and @entity2105 activity is >10%. SUMMARY: Background Differentiation of acute @entity9818 ( @entity9818 ) at presentation has historically been dependent on clinical parameters. Confirmation of @entity2106 ( @entity2106 ) is increasingly reliant on demonstrating deficient @entity2105 activity. The identification of alternative complement pathway abnormalities in @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ), along with the proven efficacy of terminal complement inhibitors in treatment, has increased the need for rapid differentiation of @entity2106 from @entity1381 . Objectives We describe the clinical phenotype and nature of complement mutations in a cohort of @entity1381 @entity1 referred as acute @entity9818 . @entity1 /methods Fourteen consecutive @entity1381 @entity1 were screened for mutations in C3, @entity806 , @entity4050 , @entity8892 , and CFB, as well as @entity4050 ( @entity4050 ) antibodies. All @entity1381 @entity1 had @entity2105 activity > 10%. Results Of 14 @entity1381 @entity1 , 11 (79%) had platelet counts < 30 * 10(9) /L during the acute phase. Median presenting @entity1011 level was 295  mol L(-1) , while five (36%) of 14 presented with a serum @entity1011 level < 200  mol L(-1) . Alternative complement pathway mutations were detected in 9 (64%) of 14 @entity1 , including @entity806 mutations in five (36%) of 14 @entity1 . @entity1 were identified with novel mutations in CFB and C3 that have not been previously reported. Conclusions We demonstrate that diagnostic differentiation based on platelet count and renal function is insufficient to predict an underlying complement mutation in some @entity1381 cases. Specifically, we demonstrate a high frequency of functionally significant @entity806 mutations which may mimic @entity2106 . @entity2105 activity > 10% in a @entity1 with a @entity9818 should necessitate genetic screening for @entity465 .

title: The role of XXXX activity and complement mutational analysis in differentiating acute @entity9818 .

entities_list: @entity9818 :: ('MESH:D057049', 'Disease') :: ['TMA', 'thrombotic microangiopathy', 'thrombotic microangiopathys', 'TMAs']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['complement abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['aHUS', 'Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome', 'atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2106 :: ('MESH:D011697', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura', 'TTP']

answer: @entity2105 :: (11093,Gene) :: ['ADAMTS-13']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Our study aimed at defining the role of @entity9940 as adjunctive therapy after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in @entity1 with stones in the kidney and ureter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial prospectively performed between February 2008 and September 2009 on 150 @entity1 with 4-20 mm in diameter renal and ureteral stones referred to our ESWL center. After ESWL, all @entity1 randomly assigned to two groups (placebo and @entity9940 ). The drugs administration was started immediately after ESWL and was continued for a maximum of 30 days. RESULTS: From 150 @entity1 , 71 in control group and 70 in case group completed the study. Of 71 @entity1 (60.56%) in control group, 43 @entity1 became stone free; and other @entity1 (39.44%) did not succeed in stone expulsion during 12 weeks after ESWL. In case group of 70 @entity1 (71.4%), 50 @entity1 became stone free. Time of stone passage in most of the @entity1 happened between 20th and 30th day in control group (32.6%) and between 10th and 20th day (50%) in case group after ESWL. There is no statistically significant difference between stone passage in two groups (p = 0.116) and location of stone (p = 0.114), but there is statistically significant difference in time of stone passage from onset of treatment in case and control groups (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: At last, this study suggested that @entity9940 facilitate earlier clearance of fragments after ESWL.

title: Is there a role for XXXX after shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of renal and ureteral calculi?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity9940 :: ('MESH:C088482', 'Chemical') :: ['tamsulosin']

answer: @entity9940 :: (MESH:C088482,Chemical) :: ['tamsulosin']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3883 can raise problems to diagnostic imaging. The radiologist must choose the most appropriate examination that delivers the most important diagnostic information because the differences between a lithiasic obstruction and a tumoral one are vital. This information helps the surgeon speed up the process of decision-making, because the treatment may be very different in relation to the nature of the obstruction. OBJECTIVE: This study tries to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in detecting the obstacle in the common bile duct (CBD) and the possibility of establishing the lithiasic nature of the obstruction. METHODS AND RESULTS: A retrospective analysis was analyzed during an interval of 18 months that included @entity1087 @entity1 admitted in the General Surgery Department of "Coltea" Clinical Hospital. They were examined by CT scanning and by MRCP, being suspected of @entity2877 . 63 @entity1 were included in the study, 34 females and 29 males. 33 CT scans and 30 MRCP exams were performed. DISCUSSION: CT scan is useful in detecting residual or iterative @entity2877 in @entity1 after cholecystectomy, contrast enhanced CT (CECT), being able to differentiate between lithiasic and non-lithiasic obstruction. MRCP delivers important anatomic details of the biliary tree; it is superior to CT in diagnosing the @entity9279 ; MRCP tends to replace endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) - the diagnostic "gold standard" reducing the number of unnecessary invasive diagnostic procedures. ABBREVIATIONS: CT = computed tomography, CECT = contrast enhanced computed tomography, ERCP = endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, MRCP = magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, CBD = common bile duct.

title: CT vs. MRCP in XXXX @entity1087 .

entities_list: @entity3883 :: ('MESH:D041781', 'Disease') :: ['Obstructive jaundice']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

entities_list: @entity9279 :: ('MESH:D020347', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocholedochal lithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']


abstract: Pediatric endocrinology evolved as a subspecialty from the era of biochemical and metabolic clinical investigation led by John Howland, Edwards Park, and James Gamble at Johns Hopkins; Allan Butler at Boston University and Harvard University; Daniel Darrow at Yale University; and Irving McQuarrie at the University of Rochester and the University of Minnesota during the early 20th century. The father of the new subspecialty was Lawson Wilkins, a private pediatric practitioner in Baltimore, Maryland, who was invited by Dr. Edwards Park to establish an endocrine clinic at the Harriet Lane Home at Johns Hopkins in 1935. Dr. Wilkins managed his practice and the clinic until 1946, when, at the age of 52, he accepted a full-time position at the University. Dr. Nathan Talbot was invited to develop a pediatric endocrine clinic at Massachusetts General Hospital by Allan Butler in 1942. These units and their associated subspecialty training programs during the 1950s and 1960s provided the large majority of the second-generation pediatric endocrinologists who went on to establish endocrine subspecialty programs in university medical centers in North America as well as Europe and South America. @entity6 as a clinical pediatric discipline evolved in parallel from the early clinics of Elliott Joslin and Priscilla White in Boston, M.C. Hardin and Robert Jackson at the University of Iowa, George Guest at the University of Cincinnati @entity1 's Hospital, and Alex Hartman at the St. Louis @entity1 's Hospital. The Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society was founded in 1971, and the Council on @entity6 was established within the American @entity6 Association in 1980. Medical and economic factors led to increasing integration of pediatric @entity6 and general endocrine care and training, and @entity6 care now is a major activity within the subspecialty of pediatric endocrinology. The growth of pediatric @entity4324 has paralleled the growth of academic medicine during the past half-century. In 2002, there were 72 training programs in North America: 65 in the United States and seven in Canada. The endocrinology sub-board of the American Board of Pediatrics was established in 1978 to certify training and competence in endocrinology, including @entity6 . By 2002, the board had certified 927 pediatric endocrinologists. Pediatric endocrine subspecialists during the past half-century have contributed major advances in our understanding of the ontogeny of endocrine systems and the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4903 ; newborn screening for endocrine and @entity209 ; the physiology and therapies for disorders of sexual differentiation and pubertal maturation; the development of anthropometric standards for childhood growth and development; the characterization and physiology of hormone systems, including receptors and hormone actions; the molecular genetics of a number of @entity4903 and heritable @entity4903 ; development of pediatric endocrine diagnostics and reference standards; the pathophysiology and management of @entity792 ; and development of a growing armamentarium of therapeutic agents for treatment of endocrine and @entity209 .

title: A short history of pediatric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes and Youth']

entities_list: @entity4324 :: ('MESH:C567261', 'Disease') :: ['endocrinology in North America']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic diseases', 'metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune endocrine disease']

entities_list: @entity4903 :: ('MESH:D004700', 'Disease') :: ['fetal-perinatal endocrine disorders', 'endocrine diseases', 'congenital endocrine disorders']

answer: @entity4324 :: (MESH:C567261,Disease) :: ['endocrinology in North America']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Astrocytomas are the most common and aggressive @entity1313 in @entity1 . Invasiveness of these @entity5 has been attributed in part to deregulation of cell motility-dependent cytoskeletal dynamics that involves actin-binding proteins such as @entity12386 . @entity1420 (P4) has been found to induce migration and invasion of cells derived from @entity0 and endothelium. However, the role of P4 in migration and invasion of @entity816 cells as well as its effects on @entity816 cytoskeleton remodeling is not known. In this work we evaluated these aspects in D54 and U251 cells derived from @entity1 @entity816 from the highest degree of @entity5 (grade IV, @entity463 ). Our results showed that in scratch-wound assays P4 increased the number of D54 and U251 cells migrating from 3 to 48h. Both @entity3927 , a P4 receptor (PR) antagonist, and an oligonucleotide antisense against PR significantly blocked P4 effects. Transwell assays showed that P4 significantly increased the number of invasive cells at 24h. As in the case of migration, this effect was blocked by @entity3927 . Finally, by Western blotting, an increase in the @entity12386 /p- @entity12386 ratio at 15 and 30min and a decrease at 30 and 60min in U251 and D54 cells, respectively, was observed after P4, P4+ @entity3927 and @entity3927 treatments. These data suggest that P4 increases @entity1 @entity816 cells migration and invasion through its intracellular receptor, and that @entity12386 activation by P4 is independent of PR action.

title: @entity1420 promotes cell migration, invasion and XXXX activation in @entity1 @entity816 cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['primary brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity12386 :: (1072,Gene) :: ['cofilin']


abstract: Postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) using @entity1363 and @entity680 was studied with and without the administration of a single dose of a @entity1245 antagonist, @entity5757 (Ro 15-1788). Performance was compared with a reference group anaesthetized with @entity4490 , @entity680 and @entity3810 . All @entity1 were assessed by use of a rating scale which took into account the degree of sedation, @entity2730 , comprehension and cooperation as well as temporal and spatial orientation. There was a slow recovery following TIVA with @entity2147 and @entity2730 lasting several hours. Administration of @entity5757 1.0 mg i.v. at extubation caused a significant reduction of sedation (P less than 0.001) during the first postoperative hour, with @entity1 fully awake or only lightly sedated, but was later followed by resedation. The @entity1 of the reference group were moderately sedated during the observation period. Five and six hours postoperatively there was no difference between the groups. @entity2730 was more profound in the groups that received @entity1363 ; the effect of the antagonist could only be seen for 15 min after its administration. Comprehension and cooperation, as well as orientation, were equally good in the antagonist and in the reference group during the immediate postoperative period, whereas in the TIVA group a gradual improvement over the first hours was seen. In the antagonist group there was no increase in the number of analgesic requirements, no @entity148 or other adverse effects. It is concluded that @entity5757 offers an improvement in postoperative performance following TIVA induced by @entity1363 and @entity680 , but the effects are of short duration.

title: Effects of the @entity1245 antagonist @entity5757 on postoperative performance following total intravenous anaesthesia with XXXX and @entity680 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity680 :: ('MESH:D015760', 'Chemical') :: ['alfentanil']

entities_list: @entity2730 :: ('MESH:D000647', 'Disease') :: ['amnesia', 'Amnesia']

entities_list: @entity2147 :: ('MESH:D006970', 'Disease') :: ['somnolence']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety attacks']

entities_list: @entity5757 :: ('MESH:D005442', 'Chemical') :: ['flumazenil']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity1363 :: (MESH:D008874,Chemical) :: ['midazolam']


abstract: This retrospective study aims to analyse our surgical procedures and our results after surgery of @entity2461 (P.D.A.) in @entity1 . Since 1978 to 1992 we have reported Abidjan Cardiology Institute 145 @entity1 operated cases. The average age was 4.7 years, the average weight 16 kg. There was female predominance with a sex ratio of 2.3/1. All @entity2461 had been confirmed by two dimensional echocardiography (2D echocardiography) and cardiac catheterization. Type 11a of NADAS' Classification was the most frequent (50%). Double or triple ligation supported on teflon felt was the most frequent technique used (86 times ie 59.3%). This technique gave good results in view of the absence of hospital mortality, only 4 cases of ductus "recanalization" supervened, a low rate of ductus arteriosus recurrence patency at long follow up of all @entity1 from one to 10 years (mean 5 years). Double or triple ligation on teflon felt according to Wright procedure seems to be a securising technique alternative in our countries.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX ( @entity2461 ). Analysis of 145 cases operated on in Abidjan (Cote D'Ivoire).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

answer: @entity2461 :: (MESH:D004374,Disease) :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']


abstract: During 1970-1976, 459 cases of primary @entity96 were admitted to the Department of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Thailand. Three hundred and two cases (66%) had associated @entity82 . Fifty-five cases or 12 per cent presented with @entity18767 from ruptured carcinomatous @entity9384 . In most of these, the presenting symptom were not dramatic and might be indistinguishable from other uncomplicated @entity96 . Only 2 cases presented as acute abdomen and 5 cases had severe @entity490 for short duration prior to admission. Peritonoscopy were performed routinely in all cases with @entity18767 except the two cases which presented as acute abdomen. Fifty cases or 91 per cent had associated @entity82 and the site of the @entity397 were visualized in 6 cases or 11.32 per cent. Fourteen @entity1 were treated conservatively with the mortality rate of 100 per cent. Eight @entity1 who presumably bled from @entity3459 were also treated conservatively with only 50 per cent mortality. Hepatic artery ligation was employed in 23 cases with 52 per cent mortality and @entity548 stopped in 95 per cent, as compare with other conventional surgical measure such as packing, suture and cauterization to control the @entity548 with 90 per cent mortality. Judging from our experience, hepatic artery ligation is of definite value for palliative treatment particularly in @entity1 with @entity18767 from ruptured @entity96 .

title: Intraperitoneal XXXX due to spontaneous @entity96 with particular reference to hepatic artery ligation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['coagulation defect']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity18767 :: ('MESH:D006465', 'Disease') :: ['hemoperitoneum']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: We examined whether deficits in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity51 could be corrected by glomerular @entity1184 . Using unbiased stereological techniques, we examined the time course and mode of glomerular @entity1184 in @entity19 lacking one allele for @entity7515 ( @entity7515 ). These @entity7515 heterozygous (Het) @entity19 are born with approximately 30% less @entity4295 than wild-type (WT) littermates. An additional group of @entity7515 Het @entity19 received the @entity14207 antagonist @entity1564 (Cand; 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) from 5 wk of age to determine the role of @entity19729 receptors in the @entity1184 . At 10 wk of age, the total volume of renal corpuscles, glomerular capillary surface area, and length of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys of @entity7515 Het @entity19 were all markedly (approximately 45%) less than that of WT @entity19 (P < 0.001). However, by 30 wk, and persisting at 60 wk of age, @entity7515 Het and WT @entity19 did not significantly differ in any of these parameters. Furthermore, conscious 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ between @entity7515 Het and WT @entity19 at any time point. MAP of @entity7515 Het-Cand @entity19 was 20-30 mmHg less than that of @entity7515 Het-vehicle @entity19 at all three ages, but Cand treatment did not significantly alter glomerular capillary dimensions. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the deficit in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity51 can be corrected for in adulthood by an increase in the total length of glomerular capillaries. This process does not require @entity19729 receptor activation.

title: Glomerular surface area is normalized in @entity19 born with a nephron deficit: no role for XXXX receptors.

entities_list: @entity7515 :: ('14573(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor', 'GDNF']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['compensatory hypertrophy', 'hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1564 :: ('MESH:C081643', 'Chemical') :: ['candesartan']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['congenital nephron deficit']

answer: @entity19729 :: (11607(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['AT1']


abstract: Addition of @entity141 to primary cultures of female pituitary cells incubated in serum-free medium lacking added @entity141 yielded no effects on levels of @entity3695 or @entity11249 mRNA, assayed by cytoplasmic dot hybridization. However, incubation of the cells in serum-free medium containing sufficient @entity10977 bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid to reduce medium @entity141 levels below the 10-40 microM present as a trace contaminant yielded a decrease in the levels of both mRNAs. The decrease was dose-dependent at extracellular @entity141 concentrations below 1.0 microM, had an apparent half-maximum at about 0.3 microM, and did not appear to plateau with increasing incubation times. Following 2-3-day incubations of cells in low @entity141 , a reduction of @entity3695 mRNA (23-70-fold) consistently greater than the reduction of @entity11249 mRNA (9-15-fold) was observed. Similar effects of reduced extracellular @entity141 were obtained with primary cultures of male pituitary cells. The specificity of these effects of lowered extracellular @entity141 was demonstrated by the following observations. The decreases in these mRNAs were substantially reversible by readdition of @entity141 to the incubation medium. Reduction of extracellular @entity141 led to no detectable changes in cellular ribosomal RNA levels or over-all RNA synthesis. In male pituitary cells, the level of another metal-regulated mRNA, that for metallothionein, was not decreased by a reduction of extracellular @entity141 that caused a 40-fold decrease in levels of @entity3695 and @entity11249 mRNA. Hence, @entity141 exhibits specificity in its regulation of pituitary @entity3695 and @entity11249 gene expression.

title: Regulation by calcium of @entity3695 and XXXX mRNA sequences in primary cultures of rat pituitary cells.

entities_list: @entity10977 :: ('MESH:D019855', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylene glycol']

answer: @entity11249 :: (81668(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: @entity162 is a highly heritable illness that onsets in adolescence and young adulthood. We examined gene expression (mRNA) and protein levels of candidate immune and @entity2100 in well-characterized offspring of @entity162 in order to identify reliable indicators of illness risk status and the early clinical stages of illness development. We measured mRNA expression and protein levels in candidate immune ( @entity310 , @entity1356 , @entity71380 ( @entity2252 ( @entity2252 )) markers from plasma. High-risk offspring were identified from families in which one parent had confirmed @entity162 . Control offspring were identified from families in which neither parent met lifetime criteria for a major @entity146 . All parental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses were based on Schedule for Affective Disorders - Lifetime Version (SADS-L) interviews and blind consensus review. As part of an ongoing study, all offspring were prospectively assessed using KSADS-PL format interviews and diagnoses confirmed on blind consensus review. High-risk offspring had significantly increased @entity650 (p   =   0.050) and @entity2252 (p   =   0.006) protein levels compared to controls. Those high-risk offspring in earlier compared to later clinical stages of illness development had higher @entity650 (p   =   0.050) and @entity2252 (p   =   0.045) protein levels. After adjustments, only differences in @entity2252 protein levels remained significant. There was a moderating effect of the @entity2252 genotype on both gene expression and protein levels in high-risk compared to control offspring. The @entity2252 genotype also moderated the association between clinical stage and gene expression levels in high-risk offspring. These findings provide support for detectable differences in candidate immune and @entity2100 in individuals at high risk of developing @entity162 and for detectable changes over the clinical stages of illness development. These associations appear to be moderated by genetic variants.

title: Immunological and XXXX of risk status and illness development in high-risk youth: understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of @entity162 .

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'Bipolar disorder', 'bipolar parents']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders', 'psychiatric disorder']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic markers']

entities_list: @entity2252 :: ('627', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic markers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acetabular reconstruction in adults with Hartofilakidis type @entity572 is a major technical challenge. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate hip function and radiographic outcomes regarding high hip center at midterm follow-up. METHODS: From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009, 37 @entity1 who had Hartofilakidis type @entity572 underwent a primary total hip arthroplasty using a high hip center technique. Functional, radiographic, and survivorship outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 37 @entity1 , 31 @entity1 (83.8%) were available for the mean follow-up of 6.1 years (range, 1.5-7.6 years). Thirty-one cementless cups were located at an average vertical distance of 38.1    3.3 mm and at a mean horizontal distance of 35.5    3.4 mm. The mean ratio of the height of the hip center was 2.4% (range, 2.0%-2.9%). The Harris Hip Scores were improved from 50.3 points (range, 38-63 points) preoperatively to 92.3 points (range, 85-100 points) at the final follow-up (P < .001). Four @entity1 continued to present with Trendelenburg gait pattern at the last follow-up. With use of revision for any reason and aseptic loosening as the end point, the 5-year survival rates were 90.3% (95% CI, 79.9%-100%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 84.3%-100%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The high hip center technique in conjunction with a cementless acetabular component seems to be a valuable alternative to achieve satisfactory midterm outcomes for Hartofilakidis type @entity572 .

title: Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty With a High Hip Center for Hartofilakidis Type XXXX : Results of Midterm Follow-Up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['B developmental dysplasia of the hip']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['B Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic transmission of @entity1 @entity1579 can occur through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones such as gonadotropins extracted from cadaver pituitaries. Annually, more than 300,000 @entity1 in the United States and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for @entity249 . Although menopausal urine donors are screened for symptomatic @entity16 , incubation of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) is impossible to exclude by non-invasive testing. Risk of carrier status of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ), a disease associated with decades-long peripheral incubation, is estimated to be on the order of 100 per million population in the United Kingdom. Studies showing infectious prions in the urine of experimental animals with and without @entity8 suggest that prions could be present in asymptomatic urine donors. Several @entity1 fertility products are derived from donated urine; recently @entity3669 has been detected in preparations of @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a classical proteomic approach, 33 and 34 non-gonadotropin proteins were identified in urinary @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin (u-hCG) and highly-purified urinary @entity1 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG-HP) products, respectively. @entity3669 was identified as a major contaminant in u-hCG preparations for the first time. An advanced @entity3669 targeted proteomic approach was subsequently used to conduct a survey of gonadotropin products; this approach detected @entity1 @entity3669 peptides in urine-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG and hMG-HP, but not in recombinant products. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of protease-sensitive @entity3669 in urinary-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG, and hMG-HP suggests that prions may co-purify in these products. Intramuscular injection is a relatively efficient route of transmission of @entity1 @entity1579 , and young @entity1 exposed to prions can be expected to survive an incubation period associated with a minimal inoculum. The risks of urine-derived fertility products could now outweigh their benefits, particularly considering the availability of recombinant products.

title: Detection of XXXX in urine-derived injectable fertility products by a targeted proteomic approach.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disease']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD', 'vCJD', 'variant CJD']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['prion disease']

entities_list: @entity3669 :: ('5621', 'Gene') :: ['prion protein', 'Prion protein']

answer: @entity3669 :: (5621,Gene) :: ['prion protein']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of the method for selecting the distal level of fusion in treatment of @entity1514 in @entity1 with @entity8322 . BACKGROUND: The fusion area needs to include all the @entity85 in @entity8322 @entity1 ; however, precise levels of the distal fixation have not been determined yet. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity1 were operated in the Department of @entity1 and Adolescent Spine Pathology between 2007 and 2010. These @entity1 were divided into two groups: in group I (n = 29) a lower instrumented vertebra corresponded to the sagittal stable one and in group II (n = 7) - this vertebra located proximally. RESULTS: The mean preoperative kyphosis was 79.3      11.6  , the postoperative - 40.6      11.9   (correction of 49.9%), loss of correction was 4.9      7.0  . Sagittal balance changed from -0.3    3.2 cm before surgery to -1.7    2.1 cm after surgery. Distal junctional kyphosis developed in 1 case (4%) in Group I, and in 5 cases (71%) in Group II. CONCLUSION: A distal level of instrumentation ending at the first lordotic vertebra is not justified and causes violation of sagittal balance and development of @entity1513 . The inclusion of a sagittal stable vertebra in fusion prevents the development of this undesirable situation.

title: Selection Of The Optimal Level Of Distal Fixation For Correction Of XXXX 's Hyperkyphosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['Scheuermann', "Scheuermann's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['distal junctional kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic hyperkyphosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity8322 :: (MESH:D012544,Disease) :: ['Scheuermann']


abstract: In adult animals, the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a significant role in regulating emotions and projects to the amygdala and periaqueductal gray (PAG) to modulate emotional responses. However, little is known about the development of this neural circuit and its relevance to unlearned fear in pre-adulthood. To address these issues, we examined the mPFC of 14-d-old ( @entity1 ), 26-d-old (juveniles), and 38- to 42-d-old (adolescents) @entity35 to represent different developmental and social milestones. The expression patterns of the neuronal marker @entity1639 were used to assess neurological activity. Muscimol, a @entity1246 agonist, was used to inactivate the prelimbic and infralimbic mPFC subdivisions (400 ng in 200 nl). Animals were exposed to either a threatening or nonthreatening stimulus that was ecologically relevant and age specific. Freezing was measured as an indicator of innate fear behavior. The data indicated that the mPFC is neither active nor responsive to innate fear in @entity1 @entity35 . In juveniles, the prelimbic mPFC became responsive in processing aversive sensory stimulation but did not regulate freezing behavior. Finally, during adolescence, inactivation of the prelimbic mPFC significantly attenuated freezing and decreased @entity1639 expression in the ventral PAG. Surprisingly, across all ages, there were no significant differences in @entity1639 levels in the medial and basolateral/lateral amygdala when either mPFC subdivision was inactivated. Together, unlearned fear has a unique developmental course with different brain areas involved in unlearned fear in the immature animal than the adult. In particular, the mPFC neural circuitry is different in young animals and progressively develops more capacities as the animal matures.

title: The role of the medial prefrontal cortex in innate fear regulation in XXXX , juveniles, and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence and risk factors of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed @entity645 /AIDS. One thousand nine hundred and forty-eight newly diagnosed @entity645 -infected @entity1 were enrolled between 2009 and 2010. Serum samples obtained from each individual were collected for complete blood count. Factors associated with the presence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. The overall prevalence of leukopenia and of thrombocytopenia was 33.2% and 15.6%, respectively. The prevalence of leukopenia was higher among females than among males (39.4% versus 31.2%). The prevalence of leukopenia increased with decreasing @entity404 count (8.2%, 26.5%, 33.4%, and 41.5% among @entity1 with @entity404 count of >=  350, 200-349, 50-199, and < 50 cells/mm3 respectively). The prevalence of thrombocytopenia also showed an increasing trend with decreasing @entity404 count (5.8%, 12.2%, 17.8%, and 17.5% among @entity1 with @entity404 count of >=  350, 200-349, 50-199, and < 50 cells/mm3, respectively). Logistic analysis showed that female sex, lower @entity404 count, and Han ethnicity were significantly associated with an increased risk of leukopenia, and that lower @entity404 count, and @entity645 transmission by blood were significantly associated with an increased risk of thrombocytopenia. The study reflects that leukopenia and thrombocytopenia are common among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed @entity645 /AIDS; and lower @entity404 count is associated with an increased risk of both leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. We propose that a routine assessment of these parameters is necessary for timely and adequate clinical management.

title: A cross-sectional study of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia among Chinese adults with newly diagnosed XXXX /AIDS.

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of graciloplasty using two different gracilis encircled loops and to research the better method for the treatment of @entity1241 after anoplasty for imperforate anus. METHODS: Clinical data of 38 @entity322 @entity1 with @entity600 undergoing graciloplasty in our hospitals from January 2009 to January 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty @entity1 received the modified surgery in which the gracilis muscle was transposed anticlockwise into a circum-anal tunnel with a U-loop and its tendon secured to the ipsilateral pectineal ligament. Eighteen @entity1 received the traditional surgery in which the gracilis muscle was wrapped clockwise around the anus with a y-loop and its tendon secured to the contralateral periosteum of ischial tuberosity or pectineal ligament. All the @entity1 were evaluated via Wexner score and anal manometry before surgery and 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery. In addition, it was assessed whether the @entity1 had difficulty defecating while squatting after surgery. RESULTS: Generalized estimating equations showed that the Wexner score in two groups gradually decreased after surgery(P=0.000), but there was no significant difference between two groups(P=0.554). At 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after surgery, there were respectively 4 cases(20.0%), 3 cases(15.0%), 2 cases(10.0%), 1 case(5.0%), who showed squatting difficult defecation in the U-loop group, and 10 cases(55.6%), 12 cases(66.7%), 10 cases(55.6%), 8 cases(44.4%) in the y-loop group. The probability of squatting difficult defecation in U-loop group was significantly lower compared to y-loop group(P=0.002), but the probability of squatting difficult defecation in two groups did not obviously change with time(P=0.057). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that anal resting pressure, anal maximal squeeze pressure, duration of anal squeeze, and rectal maximum tolerable volume in two groups were gradually improved after surgery (all P<0.01), but there were no significant differences between two groups(all P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Graciloplasty with different gracilis loops can improve anal function. However, U-loop can better improve difficult defecating while squatting, and is worthwhile for spreading in clinical practice.

title: [Effects of different gracilis loops in graciloplasty on XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anal malformation']

answer: @entity1241 :: (MESH:D005242,Disease) :: ['congenital fecal incontinence']


abstract: The aim of this systematic review was to compare pregnancy outcomes and cerclage-related complications of ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 at risk of @entity1887 due to a history of @entity3152 ( @entity3152 ). A structured search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to identify potentially relevant articles from January 1980 through July 2007. Studies were included if ultrasound-predicated cerclage was compared to history-predicated cerclage in @entity1 with a singleton gestation and a history of @entity3152 . The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane search yielded 537, 643, and 42 articles, respectively. In addition, 1194 "Related articles" (PubMed) and 87 "Cited in/cited by" (ISI-WOS) from all potentially relevant articles were assessed. After critical evaluation for relevance and quality, 6 articles remained. Five of the 6 included studies showed no differences in pregnancy outcome ( @entity3152 or @entity393 <24 weeks) between the ultrasound-predicated and the history-predicated cerclage groups. In 1 prospective cohort study, @entity3152 below 30 weeks was significantly lower in the ultrasound group. The included studies showed that in the ultrasound group, 40% to 68% of the @entity1 did not require cerclage. The majority of studies provided insufficient data to draw conclusions regarding cerclage-related complications. In conclusion, using ultrasound to identify @entity1 at risk of @entity1887 because of a history of @entity3152 reduces cerclage rates and results in similar pregnancy outcomes as cerclage placement on the basis of history alone. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians _ Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After reading this article, the reader should be able to identify his or her own management of @entity1 with prior history of @entity3152 with respect to the possible use of cerclage, design a diagnostic strategy for his or her own @entity1 to determine whether history or ultrasound-based decision making is appropriate in the practice setting, and translate best-practices with respect to @entity3799 in his or her own practice.

title: Ultrasound-predicated versus history-predicated cerclage in XXXX at risk of @entity1887 : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'PTD']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cervical insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['definition of cervical shortening']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['pregnancy loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the growing tendency toward tooth-colored restorations in dentistry, polymerization shrinkage and subsequent marginal microleakage remains a problem. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare microleakage between @entity16971 -based and @entity11379 -based composite resins at different time intervals and with different restorative techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro study, 108 sound extracted @entity1 molar teeth were used. Mesial and distal proximal class II boxes with dimensions of 1.5 mm depth and 4 mm width were prepared. The gingival margins of all cavities were 1 mm below the cement enamel junction. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups based on test materials. In the first group, the teeth were restored by a nanocomposite (Filtek Z350XT, 3MESPE) and SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray, Japan), in the second group, the teeth were restored with a @entity16971 -based (Filtek @entity12328 , 3MESPE) and Filtek @entity12328 Adhesive (3M ESPE, USA) and in the third group, the teeth were restored with a microhybrid posterior composite resin (Filtek @entity27761 , 3MESPE) and SE Bond adhesive (Kuraray, Japan). Half of the proximal cavities in each of these three groups were restored in two horizontal layers and the other half in four horizontal layers. After a period of aging (24-h, 3-month and 6-month) in water and then application of 500 thermal cycles, the teeth were immersed for 24-h in 0.5% @entity7661 and evaluated under a stereomicroscope at *36 magnification to evaluate leakage in @entity2522 . Data was statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests. P  <= 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In Z350XT statistically significant differences were observed in microleakage in comparison of 24-h and 6-month intervals (P = 0.01) that was higher in 6-month. Comparison of microleakage in @entity12328 and @entity27761 composite resins was also statistically significant and was less in @entity12328 . Microleakage was not significantly different between @entity12328 and Z350XT at 24-h. However, this difference was significant at 3-month and 6-month intervals. Differences in microleakage of @entity27761 and Z-350XT composite resins were not statistically significant in all intervals (P = 0.38). @entity12328 showed the lowest microleakage during storage in water. Z350XT had microleakage similar to @entity12328 within 24-h, but after 6-month of storage in water, it showed the highest microleakage among all the groups. The number of layers (2 layers vs. 4 layers) did not result in any differences in microleakage scores of the composite resins (P = 0.42). CONCLUSION: Water storage times did not result in any significant effect on microleakage of @entity12328 and @entity27761 .

title: Comparison of microleakage in Class II cavities restored with XXXX -based and @entity11379 -based composite resins using different restorative techniques over time.

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylate']

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival margin']

answer: @entity16971 :: (MESH:D062047,Chemical) :: ['silorane']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic value of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and @entity319 ( @entity319 )-3 in @entity1204 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for @entity9205 and @entity7802 in 71 @entity1204 , 14 complex atypical @entity1869 , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity9205 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells. @entity7802 was stained in both @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Immunoreactivity for @entity9205 in @entity5 cells and adjacent stromal cells became significantly stronger as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . Similarly, immunoreactivity for @entity7802 in @entity5 cells and adjacent endothelial cells was significantly greater as lesions progressed from normal endometrium to advanced @entity189 . A strong correlation was found between high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in @entity189 cells and @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and adjacent endothelial cells. Similarly, high levels of @entity9205 immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of @entity7802 in both @entity189 cells and endothelial cells. High levels of @entity9205 in @entity189 cells and stromal cells, as well as those of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells and endothelial cells, were significantly related to @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 . A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of @entity9205 in both @entity189 cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of @entity7802 in @entity189 cells. Moreover, the high levels of @entity9205 in stromal cells and @entity7802 in @entity189 cells were independent prognostic factors in @entity1204 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity9205 and @entity7802 in @entity1204 may predict @entity3 and lymph node @entity3 and may prospectively identify @entity1 who are at increased risk for poor outcome. In addition, @entity9205 and @entity7802 may be promising targets for new therapeutic strategies in @entity1204 .

title: Expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 )-D and its receptor, @entity319 3, as a prognostic factor in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity319 :: ('3791', 'Gene') :: ['VEGFR', 'VEGF receptor']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial hyperplasias']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'myometrial invasion']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial carcinoma']


abstract: Predisposing risk factors, clinical course, and prognosis of @entity13865 ( @entity13865 ) remain poorly understood. We reviewed medical records and coronary angiograms of @entity1 admitted to our institution with the diagnosis of @entity13865 from 1999 through 2010. A definite diagnosis of @entity13865 required the agreement of 2 blinded board-certified interventional cardiologists who reviewed all images separately. Baseline characteristics of @entity1 (n = 23) included mean age 45    11 years, female gender in all (100%), history of @entity101 in 13 (57%), and postpartum in 7 (30%). Eleven (48%) had ST-segment elevation on initial electrocardiogram. @entity13865 involved the left main in 5 @entity1 (21.7%), left anterior descending coronary artery in 16 (70%), left circumflex coronary artery in 8 (35%), and right coronary artery in 6 (26%). Four @entity1 (17%) underwent coronary stenting and 6 (26%) required urgent bypass surgery. Comparison between postpartum and nonpostpartum @entity1 revealed significant differences in mean peak troponin levels: 50    34 ng/ml vs 21    23, p = 0.04, mean left ventricular ejection fraction: 34    6% vs 49    9, p <0.01, proximal coronary segment distribution: 6 (86%) vs 3 (19%), p = 0.004, and left anterior descending coronary artery distribution: 7 (100%) vs 9 (56%), p = 0.04, respectively. Repeat coronary angiographies were performed in 11 @entity1 (46%) during a mean follow-up of 39    38 months and 10 (91%) were found to have healed @entity13865 , including those who had undergone bypass surgery. In conclusion, our @entity1 with @entity13865 were characterized by female gender, absence of coronary risk factors, and a high rate of @entity455 without residual stenosis. Larger @entity1188 was found in postpartum @entity1 .

title: Presentation and therapy of XXXX and comparisons of postpartum versus nonpostpartum cases.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular healing']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity13865 :: ('MESH:C565153', 'Disease') :: ['SCAD', 'spontaneous coronary artery dissection']

answer: @entity13865 :: (MESH:C565153,Disease) :: ['spontaneous coronary artery dissection']


abstract: Most cases of @entity1 @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) are accompanied by continuing cord compression. Experimentally, compression results in rapid neurological decline over hours, suggesting a rise in intracanal pressure local to the site of injury. The aim of this study was to measure the rise in local intracanal pressure accompanying progressive @entity432 and to determine the relationship between raised intracanal pressure and neurological outcome. We also aimed to establish whether @entity2332 was able to reduce raised intracanal pressure. We demonstrate that, following @entity1566 in F344 @entity35 , local intracanal pressure remains near normal until @entity432 exceeds 30% of diameter, whereupon a rapid increase in pressure occurs. Intracanal pressure appears to be an important determinant of neurological recovery, with poor long-term behavioural and histological outcomes in animals subject to 8   h of 45% @entity432 , in which intracanal pressure is significantly elevated. In contrast, good neurological recovery occurs in animals with near normal intracanal pressure (animals undergoing 8   h of 30% @entity432 or those undergoing immediate decompression). We further demonstrate that @entity2332 is an effective therapy to control raised intracanal pressure, rapidly reducing elevated intracanal pressure accompanying critical (45%) @entity432 to near normal. Overall these data indicate that following @entity1566 only limited canal narrowing is tolerated before local intracanal pressure rapidly rises, inducing a sharp decline in neurological outcome. Raised intracanal pressure can be controlled with @entity2332 , which may be a useful therapy to emergently decompress the spinal cord prior to surgical decompression.

title: Intracanal pressure in compressive @entity1566 : reduction with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['canal occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity2332 :: (MESH:D007035,Disease) :: ['hypothermia']


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze visual outcomes after @entity231 surgery in @entity1 with previous corneal refractive surgery. SETTING: @entity231 surgery clinics in 18 European countries and Australia. DESIGN: Database study. METHODS: Cases of @entity231 extraction with corneal refractive surgery eyes (corneal refractive cases) were identified from all @entity231 extractions reported to the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for @entity231 and Refractive Surgery database over a 5-year period. Preoperative and postoperative measurements and trends over time were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 807,220 @entity231 extractions, 1229 (0.15%) were corneal refractive cases. There was a significant increase, over time, in the number of corneal refractive cases (P < .001). Corneal refractive @entity1 were younger than @entity1 without corneal refractive surgery (nonrefractive @entity1 ) (62.9 years versus 74.0 years; P < .001) but had similar mean preoperative and postoperative corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA) (preoperative logMAR 0.44[6/16] for both [P = .286]; postoperative logMAR 0.06[6/7] for both [P = .245]). Postoperative CDVA was worse than preoperative CDVA in 35 (4%) corneal refractive and 8,999 (1.5%) nonrefractive @entity1 (P  <  .001). In all, 74 (8.5%) of 873 corneal refractive versus 16,566 (2.8%) /584,496 nonrefractive @entity1 , having @entity231 surgery, had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0[6/6] or better (P < .001). Nineteen (54.3%) of 35 corneal refractive case @entity1 who had worse postoperative CDVA had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. CONCLUSION: @entity231 surgery has been reported with increasing frequency in corneal refractive surgery @entity1 , since 2008. These @entity1 had preoperative CDVA similar to those of @entity1 without previous corneal refractive surgery but were younger and were at higher risk of worse postoperative CDVA, especially if they had preoperative CDVA of logMAR 0.0(6/6) or better. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has any financial or proprietary interest in any material, or method, mentioned.

title: @entity231 surgery outcomes in corneal refractive surgery eyes: Study from the European Registry of Quality Outcomes for XXXX and Refractive Surgery.

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract', 'Cataract']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing has been linked to a high prevalence of @entity73 , which, in turn, has been related to balance @entity132 . The aim of this study was to identify whether there are differences between subjects with and without @entity73 regarding the quality of gait and balance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational study was conducted on institutionalised @entity1 older than 65years (n=82). Gait and balance was evaluated after the assessment of @entity73 using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Single and dual tests were used including, the 6-minute walking, stride length, and gait speed. Timed Up and Go tests were also used to evaluate balance. RESULTS: The @entity1 were divided into three groups: 28 subjects in the group without @entity73 (MMSE>= 27), 29 subjects with mild (27<MMSE <=21) and 26 subjects with moderate @entity73 (MMSE<21). Gait assessment showed significant between-groups differences in all the variables (P<.05). The variables assessing balance also showed significantly worse values in those groups with @entity73 . CONCLUSION: The severity of @entity73 is related to impaired balance and gait, thus the clinical monitoring of these variables in population at risk is needed.

title: [Effects of cognitive state on balance XXXX in institutionalised elderly].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity132 :: ('MESH:D010468', 'Disease') :: ['disturbances and gait disorders']

answer: @entity132 :: (MESH:D010468,Disease) :: ['disturbances and gait disorders']


abstract: To further characterize the mechanism of impaired growth in @entity1 with @entity1723 , we examined the serum components of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in 11 @entity1 with new-onset @entity1723 and followed the effect of insulinization on the IGF system longitudinally 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after starting insulin treatment. Before insulin therapy, serum @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 ( @entity2301 ), and @entity9045 ( @entity9045 ) levels were significantly decreased, whereas @entity10116 and @entity701 were significantly increased in @entity6 @entity1 compared to those in an age-, sex-, and stage of puberty-matched control group. Random serum GH concentrations did not differ significantly. The alterations in the IGF system reversed with insulin therapy in a sequential manner. @entity10116 fell rapidly and was comparable to control values within 24 h after insulin treatment. @entity442 rose 1 week after treatment, reaching levels comparable to those in controls and continued to rise through 1 month of treatment. @entity5100 , @entity2301 , and @entity9045 showed a slower pattern of change, with their levels reaching control values only 1 month after the start of insulin treatment. Improvement in glycemic control, as determined by a change in hemoglobin-A1c, correlated positively with improvement in @entity442 , @entity5100 , @entity2301 , @entity9045 , and @entity1017 after 1 month of insulin therapy. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the IGF system in the insulinopenic state are similar to those during nutritional deprivation and may serve to minimize IGF's anabolic actions. The decreases in @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 may in part be due to a decrease in the @entity9045 /receptor. However, the observation that an increase in serum @entity442 was observed earlier than an increase in @entity9045 and without a significant change in serum GH suggests a direct stimulatory effect of insulin on liver @entity442 production or reversal by insulin of some postreceptor defect in GH action independent of @entity9045 .

title: Effect of insulin on the insulin-like growth factor system in XXXX with new-onset @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2301 :: ('3486', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-binding protein-3', 'IGFBP-3']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity9045 :: ('2690', 'Gene') :: ['GH-binding protein', 'GHBP']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction is a radical procedure for the treatment of @entity418 that is associated with a high morbidity rate. Gastric conduit @entity39 is a fatal complication that occurs in 2% of @entity1 . Conventionally, two-stage salvage surgery consisting of removal of the @entity39 gastric conduit followed by reconstruction has been performed; however, this procedure has a high morbidity rate. We describe a 61-year-old @entity1 who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy complicated by slowly progressive @entity39 associated with @entity135 and a stable overall condition. There was a 2 cm gap in the @entity254 . Because there was no evidence of residual @entity39 , a removable, covered @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) was inserted to bridge the @entity254 . The stent was fixed to the @entity1 's ear with silk thread through the lasso on its proximal end to prevent migration. Eight weeks after insertion, the stent was removed easily without any associated complications. The anastomotic defect was completely bridged with granulation tissue, showing progressive epithelialization without @entity2680 or @entity850 . The @entity1 was discharged home in good general health. This is the first report of the successful conservative management of esophago-gastric conduit @entity254 disruption with @entity1702 placement.

title: Conservative reconstruction using stents as salvage therapy for disruption of esophago-gastric XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'man']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['complete neck drainage']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'gastric conduit necrosis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metal stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Neurotransmitter release during @entity2806 has been extensively studied and is thought to play a key role in excitotoxic @entity528 . The changes in neurotransmitter release and its metabolism may reflect changes in cellular metabolism during @entity63 . The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in extracellular @entity935 and @entity750 and their metabolites under varied degrees of @entity63 in @entity35 striatum to elucidate the pathophysiology of @entity2806 . Twenty @entity35 were used to induce varied @entity63 by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion along with hemorrhagic @entity551 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum was measured every 40 minutes by methods of @entity3884 clearance and maintained within certain ranges for 6 hours. @entity935 , @entity750 , and their metabolites were measured every 20 minutes by in vivo microdialysis. Varying degrees of @entity63 were obtained, ranging from 9.4 to 81.3% of control CBF. The animals were divided into three groups according to CBF levels measured 20 minutes after the induction of @entity63 . In the mild @entity63 group (n = 5), CBF ranged from 65 to 88% of baseline levels and resulted in only a slight increase of @entity935 . In the moderate @entity63 group (n = 10), CBF ranged from 21 to 48% of baseline levels and resulted in transient increases of @entity935 (24-fold) and @entity750 (5-fold). In the severe @entity63 group (n = 5), CBF was below 14% of baseline levels and resulted in marked increases in @entity935 (462-fold) and @entity750 (225-fold). These alterations remained elevated for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the XXXX striatum during varied global @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['forebrain ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity227 following @entity64 are frequently subtle and are often overlooked. Even though these @entity227 may be less overt in nature, they are still debilitating to survivors. @entity227 have been shown to negatively impact cognition, mobility, and activities of daily living (ADL). There is little consistency across healthcare facilities regarding protocol for assessing vision following @entity64 . OBJECTIVE: This research was designed to describe a profile for @entity1 exhibiting @entity227 following @entity64 , examine the role of occupational therapists in vision assessment, and discuss a potential model to provide a protocol for collaboration with an eye care professional as part of the rehabilitation team. METHODS: The sample consisted of 131 @entity1 in an inpatient rehabilitation (IPR) unit who were identified as having potential @entity227 . Occupational therapists on an IPR unit administered initial vision screenings and these @entity1 were subsequently evaluated by the consulting optometrist. Frequencies were calculated for the appearance of functional symptoms, diagnoses, and recommendations. Correlations were also computed relating diagnoses and recommendations made. RESULTS: All @entity1 referred by the occupational therapist for optometrist evaluation had at least one visual diagnosis. The most frequent visual diagnoses included: saccades (77.7%), pursuits (61.8%), and convergence (63.4%). There was also a positive correlation between number of functional symptoms seen by occupational therapists and visual diagnoses made by the optometrist (r    =    0.209, P    =    0.016). CONCLUSION: Results of this study support the need for vision assessment following @entity64 in IPR, confirm the role of occupational therapists in vision assessment, and support the need for an optometrist as a member of the rehabilitation team.

title: Review of experience with a collaborative eye care clinic in inpatient XXXX rehabilitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual deficits', 'visual deficits']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']