abstract: 1. The livers of @entity35 were perfused in situ with medium containing mixtures of @entity1522 in multiples of their concentration in normal @entity35 plasma. The incorporation of labelled @entity535 into protein of the liver and of the perfusing medium increased with increasing @entity535 concentration. During 60min. perfusions, labelling of liver protein reached a plateau, and labelling of medium protein was inhibited when the initial concentration of the @entity535 mixture was more than ten times the normal plasma value. 2. Examination of polysome profiles derived from livers perfused without @entity1522 in the medium showed that the number of large aggregates was decreased and the number of small aggregates, particularly monomers and dimers, was increased with time of perfusion. The addition of @entity1522 to the perfusion medium reversed this polysome shift to an extent that was dependent on the initial concentration of @entity1522 . Polysome profiles derived from livers perfused for 60min. with ten times the normal plasma concentration of @entity1522 were essentially the same as the polysome profiles of normal non-perfused livers. 3. The ability of ribosome preparations from perfused livers to incorporate @entity1522 into protein in vitro decreased with increasing time of perfusion when no @entity1522 were added to the medium, but increased as the concentration of @entity1522 in the perfusion medium was increased. 4. The ability of cell sap from perfused livers to support protein synthesis in vitro was not influenced by the @entity535 concentration of the perfusion medium. 5. Livers were perfused for 60min. with medium containing @entity535 mixtures at ten times the normal plasma concentration but deficient in one @entity535 . Maximal incorporation of labelled @entity535 into liver protein, the stability of the polysome profile and the ability of ribosome preparations to incorporate @entity1522 into protein were found to depend on the presence of 11 @entity1522 : @entity369 , @entity2734 , @entity6778 , @entity368 , @entity376 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , @entity1521 , @entity1889 , @entity2340 and @entity4857 . A mixture of these 11 @entity1522 , at ten times their normal plasma concentration, stimulated the incorporation of labelled @entity535 into liver protein, stabilized the polysome profile and increased the ability of ribosome preparations to incorporate @entity1522 into protein to the same extent as the complete mixture. 6. It is concluded that the availability of certain @entity1522 plays an important role in the control of protein synthesis, possibly by stimulating the ability of ribosomes to become, and to remain, attached to messenger RNA.

title: Influence of @entity535 supply on ribosomes and protein synthesis of perfused XXXX liver.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and pathologic staging of @entity1 with @entity189 ( @entity189 ) in @entity1494 ( @entity1494 ) after undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and determine the impact of UCBD on recurrence and survival. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional database of @entity1 who underwent RC for @entity189 (1971-2009). Outcomes were compared between @entity1 with and without UCBD. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). Multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations between UCBD and survival. RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met in 1991 @entity1 . UCBD was seen in 77 (4  %) @entity1 and occurred exclusively in @entity1 (mean age 68      8.5  years). The highest pathologic stage @entity5 was found in the @entity1494 in 44 (57  %) of these @entity1 . Pathologic upstaging was more common with UCBD compared with @entity189 not in @entity1494 (48 vs. 39  %, p  =  0.031). On univariate analysis, no differences in @entity1349 or @entity1349 were observed comparing @entity1 with or without UCBD stratified by clinically organ-confined ( <=T2) and extravesical (>T2) disease. On multivariable analysis, the presence of UCBD was not associated with differences in @entity1349 (HR 0.92, 95  % CI 0.59-1.42, p  =  0.69) or @entity1349 (HR 0.98, 95  % CI 0.74-1.31, p  =  0.92). CONCLUSION: Upstaging was common in @entity1 with UCBD, observed in almost half of the @entity1 . There were no differences in @entity1349 or @entity1349 after RC when comparing @entity1 with or without @entity189 in a diverticulum stratified by stage.

title: XXXX in @entity1494 : outcomes after radical cystectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder diverticula', 'BD']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'RFS', 'recurrence-free survival', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Urothelial carcinoma']


abstract: In a review of 2248 cystoscopic examinations conducted over 10 years, @entity150 were found in 172 @entity1 . In 128 of these the condition was associated with @entity2040 . The @entity1494 was the commonest site (52.3%). @entity957 occurred in 78.1%. Forty-nine @entity1 refused surgery and eight were found to have advanced inoperable @entity5 . Seventy-one @entity1 had a total cystectomy. There were no operative deaths but post-operative complications occurred in nine cases. Eight @entity1 died within 2 years but 21 were well and @entity5 -free at 5 years. It was concluded that there is a marked association between @entity2040 and @entity150 . When the @entity5 is operable, cystectomy is the treatment of choice.

title: Bilharziasis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['lateral wall of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer', 'malignant tumours of the urinary bladder']

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['bilharziasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['malignant tumours of the urinary bladder']


abstract: Pancreas after previous kidney (PAK) transplants are an attractive option for type 1 @entity6 @entity1 because of the short waiting time and use of living kidney donors. Factors associated with the increased success rate of PAK transplants in four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed. Between July 1, 1978, and April 30, 2000, 406 PAK transplants were performed in posturemic @entity1 . Four immunosuppressive eras were analyzed: (1) the precyclosporine @entity7971 , @entity7971 1 (n = 65; 16%); (2) the @entity205 @entity7971 , @entity7971 2 (n = 109; 27%); (3) the @entity1140 @entity7971 with monoclonal or polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity7971 3 (n = 104; 26%); and (4) the @entity1140 @entity7971 with monoclonal and polyclonal antibody induction therapy, @entity7971 4 (n = 128; 31%). @entity1 and graft survival, rejection, and technical failure rates were calculated. @entity1 survival rates have remained high over time, from 91% ( @entity7971 1) to 96% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr posttransplant. Pancreas graft survival rates with primary cadaver transplants have significantly increased, from 17% ( @entity7971 1) to 81% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr. The rate of graft loss from rejection has significantly decreased, from 78% ( @entity7971 1) to 9% ( @entity7971 4) at 1 yr. Results were best when donors and recipients were matched for at least one antigen per HLA locus. Kidney graft survival was higher in PAK transplant recipients compared with @entity6 recipients of kidney transplants alone from the time of the kidney as well as the pancreas transplants. PAK recipients now enjoy >80% graft survival at 1 yr. This improvement in outcome results from better immunosuppression, good matching, and close posttransplant monitoring for rejection.

title: Pancreas after kidney transplants in posturemic @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type I diabetes mellitus']


abstract: AIMS: To compare the usefulness of the @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) with that of the @entity5274 ( @entity5274 ) and emergency surgery after failure of decompression (ESFD) in @entity1 with malignant @entity694 (MCO), and to evaluate post-decompression histopathologic changes. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 39 @entity1 with MCO received @entity1702 , @entity5274 , and ESFD. We evaluated the outcomes including success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, and histopathologic findings of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Technical success rates were 100% for @entity1702 and 78.9% for @entity5274 . Clinical success rates were 100% for @entity1702 and 80.0% for @entity5274 . @entity86 was significantly less frequent after @entity1702 than after @entity5274 (p   =   0.014). Histopathologic @entity4 grade was significantly lower for @entity1702 than for @entity5274 and ESFD (p   <   0.0001). There was no significant difference between @entity4 grade and duration of decompression in the @entity5274 group (p   =   0.629), while all @entity1 with @entity1702 were classified in a low @entity4 grade (grade 0-2). The rate of stoma creation was significantly higher in @entity1 with a high @entity4 grade (grade 3) than in those with a low @entity4 grade (grade 0-2) (p   =   0.003). There was no microscopic perforation in any group. CONCLUSION: Significantly greater resolution of histopathologic @entity4 was achieved after placement of @entity1702 than after placement of @entity5274 . These findings provide an indication of favorable clinical outcomes of @entity1702 in comparison with @entity5274 and ESFD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Self-expanding metallic stent improves histopathologic XXXX compared with @entity5274 for malignant colorectal obstruction.

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['self-expanding metallic stent', 'SEMS']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['TDT', 'transanal drainage tube']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative ileus']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic obstruction']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['edema']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 with unresectable periampullary malignancy found at laparotomy has traditionally  received a prophylactic double bypass (biliary and duodenal), associated with considerable morbidity. With modern endoscopic treatments, surgical bypass has become questionable. This study aims to compare the two strategies. Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) performs a double bypass (DoB) routinely, and Sk  ne University Hospital Lund (SUL) secures biliary drainage endoscopically and treats only symptomatic @entity9727 (Wait and See, WaS). METHOD: Between 2004 and 2013, 73 @entity1 from SU and 70 from SUL were retrospectively identified. Demographics, @entity5 -related factors and postoperative outcomes during the remaining lifetime were noted. RESULTS: The DoB group had significantly more complications (67% vs. 31%, p  =  0.00002) and longer hospital stay (14 vs. 8 days, p  =  0.001) than the WaS-group. The two groups had similar proportion of @entity1 in need of readmission. The DoB @entity1 and the WaS @entity1 with metallic biliary stents were comparable regarding their need of re-interventions and hospitalisation due to @entity253 . Surgical  duodenal bypass did not prevent future @entity9727 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with unresectable periampullary malignancies can safely be managed with endoscopic drainage on demand and with lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay than with surgical prophylactic bypass.

title: A wait-and-see strategy with subsequent self-expanding metal stent on demand is superior to prophylactic bypass surgery for unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity9727 :: ('MESH:D004380', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal obstruction', 'duodenal obstructions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['periampullary cancer']


abstract: The safety and efficacy of @entity2983 enemas were determined ina dose-ranging study enrolling 287 @entity1 with @entity1066 and @entity9916 in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. @entity1 were randomized to receive placebo, 1, 2, or 4 g in 100 ml @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) enemas h.s. for 8 weeks. Efficacy was assessed by clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histologic improvement, as well as by induction of remission. Sixty-seven percent, 65%, and 75% of @entity1 receiving 1-, 2-, and 4-g enemas were markedly improved according to the physician's global assessment compared with 27% of @entity1 treated with placebo. The mean improvement in sigmoidoscopic index was 5.8, 5.9, and 6.4 points (on a 15-point scale) for the 1-, 2-, and 4-g enema groups compared with a decrease of 1.8 points for the placebo group. Improvement in biopsy scores was observed in 47, 55, and 59% of 1-, 2-, and 4-g groups contrasted with 27% of the placebo-treated @entity1 . All three doses were significantly more effective than placebo in reducing symptoms and trips to the toilet compared with placebo. No dose-response relation was demonstrated. The safety profile was similar to that of placebo. In conclusion, @entity2983 enemas are effective as a single agent in the short-term treatment of distal @entity31 without an apparent dose response between 1 and 4 g nightly.

title: Dose-ranging study of @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) enemas in the treatment of acute XXXX : results of a multicentered placebo-controlled trial. The U.S. @entity2983 Enema Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity9916 :: ('MESH:D011350', 'Disease') :: ['proctosigmoiditis']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity2983 :: ('MESH:D019804', 'Chemical') :: ['mesalamine', 'PENTASA']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcerative proctosigmoiditis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data on global (IV-G) and segmental (IV-S) diffuse proliferative @entity1988 (DPLN) in @entity1 are lacking. METHODS: To determine the clinicopathology and prognosis of DPLN subclasses IV-G and IV-S, we analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and demographic data of 56 @entity1 aged <18  years diagnosed with DPLN [36 (64.3  %) with IV-G; 20 (35.7  %) with IV-S] between 2004 and 2013. Clinical endpoints were: (1) complete remission (CR), (2) @entity740 [CKD; defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2) or @entity454 ( @entity454 )], and (3) death. RESULTS: @entity644 and the activity index were higher in @entity1 with IV-G (p   <   0.05). Global endocapillary proliferation and leukocyte exudation were predominant in IV-G @entity1 , whereas segmental endocapillary proliferation was predominant in @entity1 with IV-S (p   <   0.005). CR rates in IV-G and IV-S @entity1 were 50 and 60  %, respectively (p   =   0.47). Renal survival rates, defined as an eGFR of >= 60  mL/ @entity1009 .73  m(2), were 93, 78, and 64  % at 1, 5, and 10  years, respectively. @entity1 survival rates at 1, 5, and 10  years were 98, 96, and 91  %, respectively. @entity1 and renal survival rates were similar in both subclasses. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 with IV-G and IV-S displayed some clinical and histopathological disparities, renal outcomes were similar. The majority of @entity1 with DPLN reached adulthood but accrued significant @entity8 . Treatment regimens which can slow the progression of CKD are needed.

title: Long-term renal outcomes of childhood-onset global and segmental diffuse proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal damage']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Because of better treatment of chronic @entity453 , @entity1 with multiple @entity63 insults are living longer and requiring long-term management. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) in @entity1 with multiple @entity583 (MMIs) are a challenge to the clinician or cardiologist. This is because second @entity583 ( @entity583 ) often modify or obscure the ECG effects of the first MI and vice versa. This can result in complex tracings, which are difficult to interpret and predict the locations of damaged regions. It is important to identify MMI because, additively, they can result in poor ventricular function. METHODS: New criteria for the diagnosis of MMI were derived from studies in which ECGs and body surface potential distribution maps were correlated with @entity26128 in animal studies of MI and in @entity1 at the time of coronary artery bypass graft and with the pathologic anatomy in a few @entity1 . The initial criteria were fine tuned by correlations between ECGs and independent data obtained from catheterization and other imaging modalities (ultrasound and radionuclide single photon emission computed tomography). RESULTS: Often 2 or more @entity583 are concealed according to classical Q- and R-wave criteria. @entity583 located in opposing walls (180  ), that is, inferior-superior, anterior-posterior, are the most difficult to identify. Two @entity583 that are not opposing (90  ) are usually readily detectable. The pathologic Q waves produced by each separate MI, when opposing, are replaced by multiple QRS deflections or baseline crossings, which are referred to as M and W complexes. These waveforms replace Q waves and are equally weighted in a scoring system to improve diagnostic accuracy of ECG interpretation. These new criteria can also be used to predict @entity583 in left @entity5036 , intraventricular conduction delay, and ventricular pacing. CONCLUSION: Multiple @entity583 modify the ECG because they eliminate Q waves and result in confusing, splintered QRS waveforms, referred to as M and W complexes. New criteria are presented to diagnose the presence and locations of these MMIs, which predict reduced left ventricular function, in normal sinus rhythm, left @entity5036 , and ventricular pacing.

title: Diagnosis of multiple infarcts from complex electrocardiograms during normal rhythm, left XXXX , and ventricular pacing.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MIs', 'Myocardial infarctions', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity26128 :: ('MESH:C535869', 'Disease') :: ['epicardial and intramural depolarization']

answer: @entity5036 :: (OMIM:113900,Disease) :: ['bundle-branch block']


abstract: The responses of @entity840 isolated cardiac tissues to @entity5402 were examined. @entity2701 responses of paced left atria and right ventricular papillary muscles, rate responses of spontaneously beating right atria and working hearts and contractility (+dP/dt) of paced and unpaced working hearts were obtained at 38 degrees C. @entity5402 induced negative inotropic and chronotropic responses of atria, abolishing @entity2701 and rate at the maxima. The spontaneously beating heart also exhibited negative chronotropy. The papillary muscles displayed partial inhibition of @entity2701 but, in tissues from @entity2515 -pretreated animals, negative inotropy was absent. Similarly, no reduction of contractility of paced working hearts was obtained. It was concluded that muscarinic receptors mediating a direct inhibition of ventricular muscle are virtually absent and that the small response obtained in untreated tissue may be due either to inhibition of endogenous @entity2922 release via presynaptic receptors or to antagonism of released @entity1063 . Lowering the temperature to 30 or 25 degrees C affected resting @entity2701 , rate and contractility and the magnitude of @entity5402 responses. The concentration-response curves, when plotted as a percentage of the maximum, were displaced to the left by cooling of the atria and papillary muscles. The papillary muscles now exhibited a response after @entity2515 pretreatment. In working hearts, the concentration-response curves for the fall in spontaneous rate were also shifted to the left, but this was not significant, probably because the temperature could be reduced to only 30 degrees C, below which contractions ceased. Cooling of @entity840 isolated cardiac preparations therefore induced supersensitivity to the muscarinic effects of @entity5402 .

title: Regional differences in the responses of XXXX cardiac tissue to @entity5402 and their potentiation by hypothermia.

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2701 :: ('MESH:D018781', 'Disease') :: ['Tension', 'tension']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol', 'Carbachol']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using a @entity19 model of intrauterine @entity32 , we have demonstrated that exposure to @entity32 induces @entity600 and perinatal @entity1545 . Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory effects in many inflammatory conditions. We hypothesized that treatment with @entity1 adipose tissue-derived MSCs may decrease the rate of @entity600 and perinatal @entity1545 through changes in antiinflammatory and regulatory milieu. STUDY DESIGN: A @entity19 model of intrauterine @entity32 was used with the following groups: (1) control; (2) intrauterine @entity32 (lipopolysaccharide); and (3) intrauterine lipopolysaccharide+intraperitoneal (MSCs). Preterm birth was investigated. Luminex multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed for protein levels of cytokines in maternal and fetal compartments. Immunofluorescent staining was used to identify and localize MSCs and to examine microglial morphologic condition and @entity2359 in perinatal brain. Behavioral testing was performed at postnatal day 5. RESULTS: Pretreatment with MSCs significantly decreased the rate of @entity600 by 21% compared with the lipopolysaccharide group (P<.01). Pretreatment was associated with increased @entity1618 in maternal serum, increased @entity58 in placenta, decreased @entity777 in fetal brain (P<.05), decreased microglial activation (P<.05), and @entity2359 (P<.05). These findings were associated with improved neurobehavioral testing at postnatal day 5 (P<.05). Injected MSCs were localized to placenta. CONCLUSION: Maternally administered MSCs appear to modulate maternal and fetal immune response to intrauterine @entity32 in the model and @entity600 , perinatal @entity1545 , and @entity51 in offspring @entity19 .

title: XXXX model: maternal administration of stem cells for prevention of prematurity.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['decrease preterm birth', 'preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity', 'decreased fetal neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that in @entity1 with @entity712 with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFNEF), the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle could also alter the subendocardial fibers of the left atrium. Consequently, these fibrotic alterations, together with chronically elevated LV filling pressures, would lead to both @entity299 of the left atrium (i.e., @entity299 and diastolic function) in @entity1 with HFNEF. METHODS: @entity1 with HFNEF and a control group consisting of asymptomatic @entity1 with LV @entity67 (LVDD) matched by age, gender, and LV ejection fraction were studied using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 420 @entity1 were included (119 with HFNEF and 301 with asymptomatic LVDD). @entity4032 (LA late diastolic strain rate) and diastolic (LA systolic strain and strain rate) function was significantly more impaired in @entity1 with HFNEF (LA late diastolic strain rate, -1.17    0.63 s(-1); LA systolic strain, 19.9    7.3%; LA systolic strain rate, 1.17    0.46 s(-1)) compared with those with asymptomatic LVDD (-1.80    0.70 s(-1), 30.8    11.4%, and 1.67    0.59 s(-1), respectively) (all P values < .0001). On multiple regression analysis, @entity1002 and diastolic strain rate were the most important independent predictors of @entity4032 and diastolic function, in contrast to noninvasive LV filling pressures (i.e., mitral E/e' average septal-lateral ratio), which were modestly related to @entity4032 and diastolic function. Furthermore, in @entity1 with HFNEF, the subendocardial function of both the left atrium and the left ventricle was significantly impaired in high proportions. In that regard, in @entity1 with HFNEF, the rate of @entity299 was 65.5% and 28.5%, whereas the prevalence of @entity1002 was 81.5% and 58%, respectively. In addition, @entity1 with both @entity299 of the left atrium presented worse NYHA functional class as compared with those with normal LA longitudinal function. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity1002 is common and possibly associated with the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial fibers of the left ventricle and to a lesser extent with elevated LV filling pressures. Furthermore, these findings suggest that @entity299 could be related to reduced functional capacity during effort in @entity1 with HFNEF.

title: @entity1002 in XXXX with normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic subendocardial dysfunction', 'LA longitudinal systolic and diastolic dysfunction', 'impaired left atrial [LA] longitudinal systolic', 'systolic and diastolic longitudinal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4032 :: ('MESH:D059446', 'Disease') :: ['LA longitudinal systolic']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['HFNEF, LA subendocardial systolic and diastolic dysfunction', 'LV global longitudinal systolic strain', 'LV longitudinal systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The type of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is determined by the spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing surgical site @entity281 (SSI). The aim of this study was to define the microbiological features of SSI in general surgery @entity1 at Basel University Hospital in order to validate our current strategy of single-shot SAP with 1.5 g @entity2261 (plus 500 mg @entity868 in colorectal surgery). METHODS: A prospective observational cohort of consecutive vascular, visceral and @entity130 procedures was analysed to evaluate the incidence of SSI. @entity6081 and resulting @entity281 were assessed to centres for disease control standards. Microbiological evaluation was performed by microscopic direct preparation, cultures and testing for antibiotic resistance. RESULTS: A total of 293 instances of SSI were detected in this cohort of 6283 surgical procedures (4.7%). Microbiological species were identified in 129 of 293 SSI (44%). @entity794 (29.5%) was the most common pathogen causing SSI in @entity130 and vascular surgery, whereas @entity526 (20.9%) was more frequently responsible for SSI in visceral surgery. Importantly, not a single case of SSI was caused by antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in this series. CONCLUSIONS: The spectrum of pathogens causing SSI identified and the very low incidence of antimicrobial resistance at Basel University Hospital validate the continuous use of single-shot single-drug SAP with @entity2261 (plus @entity868 in colorectal surgery).

title: Spectrum of pathogens in surgical site XXXX at a Swiss university hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2261 :: ('MESH:D002444', 'Chemical') :: ['cefuroxime']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['Surgical wounds']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Low @entity560 status, i.e. circulating @entity14257 (25OHD) levels <50  nmol/l, is independently associated with increased CVD risk. Medication use may influence 25OHD levels. We therefore investigated the association of circulating 25OHD with medication use in @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 11,256 @entity1 were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared 25OHD levels of medication users (18 groups of continuously used and 5 groups of intermittently used medications) with levels of non-users. Moreover, we assessed variables (medications, demographic and clinical parameters) that were independently associated with 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l was 65.7%. The use of statins and immunosuppressive agents was significantly associated with higher 25OHD levels and lower odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The use of ACE-inhibitors, @entity2661 and antibiotics was associated with lower 25OHD levels and higher odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. However, only use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and @entity2661 showed clinically relevant differences in 25OHD levels, i.e. differences of more than +4  nmol/l or -4  nmol/l, compared with respective non-users. These medications were prescribed either intermittently (antibiotics, @entity2661 ) and/or infrequently (<2%; immunosuppressive agents, @entity2661 ) and/or its causal relationship with circulating 25OHD is questionable (antibiotics). Female sex and blood drawing during wintertime were associated with the highest odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that in @entity1 with high cardiovascular risk profile medication use does not substantially contribute to 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l.

title: Association between circulating XXXX levels and medication use in @entity1 scheduled for cardiac surgery.

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity14257 :: ('MESH:C104450', 'Chemical') :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity14257 :: (MESH:C104450,Chemical) :: ['25-hydroxyvitamin D']


abstract: A system combining visual recording of rearing and grooming, with automatic measurement of slow and fast components of locomotion, was examined for its suitability as a means of studying the effects on behaviour of conventional and novel dopaminergic drugs in the @entity19 . @entity4944 (0.1-10 mg/kg) selectively stimulated fast movements and affected rearing bimodally. @entity3826 (0.01-5 mg/kg) influenced locomotion polyphasically, depressing fast movements and enhancing slow ones, and producing parallel changes in rearing. Both drugs reduced grooming monotonically. A dose of @entity3826 (25 micrograms/kg) which is considered to act presynaptically produced @entity1767 -resistant sedation, while a larger dose (0.5 mg/kg; with postsynaptic actions) evoked head-down sniffing and ponderous walking that were partially prevented by pretreatment with 0.05 mg/kg @entity1767 (D2 blocker), but not 0.01 mg/kg @entity10095 (D1 blocker). The behavioural effects of @entity1767 (0.2-0.4 mg/kg) and @entity10095 (0.05 mg/kg) were indistinguishable; both drugs caused sedation and inhibited all forms of motor activity. Small doses of @entity10095 (2-10 micrograms/kg) and large doses of the D1 agonist @entity2344 (3-10 mg/kg) evoked excessive grooming. The drug @entity2344 (1-30 mg/kg) had no other effects on motor behaviour, whereas the whole spectrum of pre- and postsynaptic motor responses produced by @entity3826 could be duplicated with the D2 agonist @entity49358 (0.05-15 mg/kg). The differential sensitivity of fast and slow components of locomotion to treatment with drug suggests these are qualitatively distinct responses. The results implicate D2 receptors in the mechanisms of locomotion and rearing, and D1 receptors in the expression of grooming.

title: Differential effects of dopamine D1 and D2 agonists and antagonists on velocity of movement, rearing and grooming in the XXXX . Implications for the roles of D1 and D2 receptors.

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['Apomorphine', 'apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity1767 :: ('MESH:D006220', 'Chemical') :: ['haloperidol']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['Amphetamine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many factors are associated with @entity11598 ( @entity11598 ) phenomenon in @entity583 ( @entity583 ), including plasma @entity413 , age, and pre-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) @entity715 score. Initial clinical assessment would benefit from accurate @entity11598 prediction. This study aimed to develop a simple scoring system to predict the risk of @entity11598 in @entity1 undergoing primary PCI with @entity583 . METHODS: Baseline clinical and procedural variables were used for risk score development (the training dataset, n   =   912) and validation (the test dataset, n   =   864). Independent predictors of @entity11598 from the multivariable model were assigned integer weights based on their coefficients and incorporated into a risk score. The discriminant ability of the score was tested by receiver operating characteristic analysis using the test dataset. RESULTS: The final model included 7 significant variables, which were age, pain-to-PCI time, neutrophil count, admission plasma @entity413 level, pre-PCI @entity715 score, collateral circulation, and Killip class. All these variables were then used to build a risk score in terms of the prediction of @entity11598 . Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated good risk prediction with a c statistic of 0.800 (95% confidence interval: 0.772-0.826) in the test dataset. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity583 treated by primary PCI, incidence of @entity11598 phenomenon may be predicted with an acceptable accuracy based on a 7-item simplified risk score.

title: A Risk Score for No Reflow in XXXX With ST-Segment Elevation @entity583 After Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['STEMI', 'ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity810 in @entity1 with @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ) and @entity8 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity177 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity1 with long-standing @entity4888 who died with @entity177 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity1458 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity1 had persistent @entity551 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity1986 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity810 not directly linked to the @entity2617 . The second @entity1 developed @entity101 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity644 , @entity811 , @entity4658 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity2617 . This picture is typical of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity177 in @entity4888 with @entity8 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity177 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric @entity810 in @entity4888 with XXXX in the kidneys.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lymphomatous infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2617 :: ('MESH:D017254', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['oliguric renal failure', 'renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lymphomatous infiltrates']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2617 :: (MESH:D017254,Disease) :: ['lymphomatous infiltrates']


abstract: Since April 2009, a serious @entity281 has been rapidly spread across the world. These @entity281 are caused due to the novel @entity1707 origin @entity778 and hence these are commonly called as " @entity1707 Flu". This new virus is the reassortment of avian, @entity1 and @entity1707 influenza viruses and thus it has a unique genome composition. There are 16 different types of hemagglutinin (HA) and 9 different types of @entity689 (NA) that can be genetically and antigenetically differentiated. The first @entity11317 isolated from @entity1707 was of the H1N1 subtype and these viruses have been reported to cause @entity281 in @entity1707 in many countries. The outbreak of this virus has been transmitted from @entity1707 to @entity1 . This new reassorted (exchange of genes) virus which is the cause of 2009 pandemic @entity281 has the ability to spread from @entity1 to @entity1 . This spread of @entity281 should be brought to an end. In this study, a phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the RNA segments of @entity1 H1N1 viruses was carried using MEGA version 4.0 to demonstrate the route map of @entity281 to India. Phylogenetic analysis of the sequences from India, published in Influenza Virus Resource (a database that integrates information gathered from the Influenza Genome Sequencing Project of the @entity166 ( @entity166 ) and the genbank of the (NCBI)) was retrieved and used for the analysis. The results showed that the various segments of the Indian isolates clustered well with the sequences from American, Asian and European countries and thus indicating the transmission of viruses from these places to India.

title: Phylogenetic analysis of H1N1 sequences from pandemic XXXX during 2009 in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A (H1N1) virus']

entities_list: @entity689 :: ('4758', 'Gene') :: ['neuraminidase']

entities_list: @entity11317 :: ('11320', 'Species') :: ['influenza A virus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'pandemic infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['NIAID', 'National Institute of Allergy and Infectious diseases']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: High dose therapy for @entity0 remains controversial. Of the 15 randomized trials of high dose therapy in @entity0 reported to date, two South African studies have been discredited leaving 13 remaining studies. Mortality was consistently low, in the 0 to 2.5% range, except for the BCNU containing American Intergroup study, which had a 7.4% toxic mortality rate. Seven of the remaining 13 studies randomized fewer than 200 @entity1 . Three of these small studies have significant differences in disease free survival, and a fourth study has a trend in favor of high dose therapy. The other three small studies cannot exclude a survival difference of 20%. Of the 6 remaining moderately large trials of 219 to 885 randomized @entity1 , 5 are adjuvant studies and one included @entity1 with @entity3 . Of the five adjuvant trials, four have significant differences in relapse rate favoring the high dose arm, and the remaining study has a trend (with a high dose sequential single agent design rather than combination therapy as in the other studies). A planned subset analysis of the first 284 @entity1 in the largest study funded by the Dutch insurance industry showed a significant advantage for high dose therapy. Given the 2-year median time to relapse and an addition 2-year median to death after relapse, the follow up for survival of 3-5 years on these studies is still short. In the only moderately sized metastatic trial from the National @entity5 Institute of Canada with a very short median follow-up of 19 months, a significant difference in disease free survival has emerged, with no difference in survival.

title: Randomized trials of high-dose chemotherapy in XXXX : fraud, the press and the data (or lessons learned in medical policy governing clinical research).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A solid @entity5 is a rare @entity788 accounting for 1-2% of exocrine @entity788 . It is usually asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. It is mainly seen in young @entity1 between the second and third decades of life. Although it usually has a large size at the time of diagnosis, it is considered to have low malignant potential. Solid @entity5 (SPTs) have characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that enable it to be differentiated from other more common @entity788 . Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old pregnant @entity1 who was admitted to The Royal Hospital, Oman, with a large mass in her pancreas, which was incidentally discovered during abdominal ultrasonography. The mass was investigated further with MRI. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass related to the tail and body of the pancreas with solid and cystic components. It had a heterogeneous texture with fluid levels of different signal intensities due to the presence of blood of different ages. The cystic-solid appearance of an encapsulated lesion with characteristic signal intensity on MRI suggested the possibility of a SPT. Postoperative histopathology results confirmed the diagnosis of a SPT. In this case report, we highlight the MRI features of a SPT and discuss how to differentiate it from other cystic @entity788 to increase the awareness of clinicians to this rare @entity788 .

title: Solid @entity5 in a Pregnant XXXX : Imaging Findings and Literature Review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pseudopapillary tumors', 'pseudopapillary neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumors', 'pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic tumor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Woman']


abstract: @entity10133 (FVII) deficiency is a rare @entity3459 caused by mutations in the F7 gene. The aims of this study were to characterize the molecular defect of F7 in Korean @entity1 with @entity5630 and to find genotype-phenotype correlations. Study individuals consisted of 14 unrelated Korean @entity1 with @entity5630 with residual FVII activities ranging from 1 to 34%. To identify causative mutations, we performed PCR amplification and direct sequencing of all exons and flanking sequences of F7 gene. In all 14 @entity1 , one (N = 4) or two (N = 10) mutant alleles were identified. A total of 11 unique mutations were detected, of which four were novel ( @entity72052 , @entity72053 , @entity72054 , and @entity72055 ). Four recurrent mutations were observed in 86% of @entity1 (12 of 14) ( @entity72056 , @entity72057 , @entity72058 , and @entity55247 ) and accounted for 71% of all mutant alleles (17 of 24). The residual FVII activity was more than 5% in all six asymptomatic @entity1 (21%, range 6-34%), whereas it was 5% or less in all eight symptomatic @entity1 (2%, range 1-5%). In addition, the mean residual FVII activity in four @entity1 with a single mutant allele was 23.6% (range 3-34%), which was significantly higher than that in 10 @entity1 with two mutant alleles that was 4.6% (range 1-19%) (P = 0.023). In summary, the data from this study on the largest number of @entity5630 in Korea showed recurrent mutations in this population and suggested genotype-phenotype correlations.

title: Recurrent mutations and genotype-phenotype correlations in XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity5630 :: ('MESH:D005168', 'Disease') :: ['FVII deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity10133 :: ('2155', 'Gene') :: ['Coagulation factor VII']

entities_list: @entity72054 :: ('p|DUP|60|R,RR', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.R59_R60dupRR']

answer: @entity5630 :: (MESH:D005168,Disease) :: ['hereditary factor VII deficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1904 (PCT) is a recently described inflammatory marker that has been shown to increase significantly in @entity1 with severe systemic @entity2348 . Reports on the diagnostic and predictive value of @entity364 are limited. METHODS: In order to evaluate the role of PCT in systemic @entity3217 , 14 @entity1 (mean age 40 years) with proven or probable @entity364 were investigated. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 10 after the onset of signs and symptoms of @entity364 (clinical and/or laboratory diagnosis and/or radiographic evidence). PCT measurements were performed using an immunoluminometric assay. RESULTS: In five @entity1 with severe @entity364 and an unfavorable course ( @entity1 group 2), PCT levels were moderately elevated on day 3 (0.5-1.0 ng/ml), whereas they were normal in the @entity1 who recovered ( @entity1 group 1). High PCT levels (>/=1.11 ng/ml) were detected on the 10th day of the course of the illness in @entity1 group 2. A normal or moderate elevation of PCT on day 10 was observed in @entity1 group 1. The difference in mean PCT levels in @entity1 groups 1 and 2 on days 3 and 10 were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: PCT levels seem to correlate with the severity and outcome of @entity364 . If this finding can be confirmed in a larger number of @entity1 , it could serve as a prognostic indicator.

title: Could @entity1904 be a predictive biological marker in XXXX ?. Study of 14 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1904 :: ('MESH:C029100', 'Chemical') :: ['Procalcitonin']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections or sepsis']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['systemic fungal infection', 'systemic fungal infections', 'PCT in systemic fungal infections', 'fungal infection']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['systemic fungal infections']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of cellular rejection (CR) after @entity299 ( @entity299 ). OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) could detect @entity9536 and add diagnostic information compared to conventional Doppler. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity299 @entity1 underwent 129 EMB and a TDI echocardiographic study within 24 hours. We compared @entity299 @entity1 with @entity9536 versus @entity299 @entity1 with CR < 3A, with a normal matched control group (13 @entity1 ). We measured TDI systolic (S), early diastolic (e'), late diastolic (a') velocities and e'/a' ratio in the left ventricular annulus, basal and medium (mid) segments of the septal (SEP), lateral (LAT), inferior (INF), anterior (ANT) walls; and in the right ventricular annulus. RESULTS: @entity299 @entity1 showed @entity9536 in 39/129 (30.2%) EMB. The best isolated predictor for CR diagnosis was a'LAT, with a sensitivity of 76.3%, specificity of 73.8% (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, a'LAT (p = 0.001), a'SEP (p = 0.002), e'/a' LAT ratio (p = 0.006), e'Mitral/ e'LAT ratio (p = 0.014), SINF (p = 0.009) predicted @entity9536 . We obtained a score with a sensitivity of 88.2%, accuracy of 79.6% and negative predictive value of 92.9% to diagnose @entity9536 . Conventional Doppler (mitral and pulmonary venous flow) was not relevant to predict @entity9536 . CONCLUSION: TDI added diagnostic information to predict @entity9536 compared to conventional Doppler. A TDI-based model could become a potential method to detect @entity9536 after @entity299 .

title: Tissue doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of XXXX rejection.

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['HT', 'heart transplantation']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart transplantation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity908 ( @entity8818 ) is naturally produced in the body and stored in muscles where it is involved in energy generation. It is widely used, especially by athletes, as a staple supplement for improving physical performance. Recent reports have shown that @entity8818 displays antioxidant activity which could explain its beneficial cellular effects. We have evaluated the ability of @entity8818 to protect @entity1 erythrocytes and lymphocytes against oxidative damage. Erythrocytes were challenged with model oxidants, @entity33028 (AAPH) and @entity273 ( @entity5568 ) in the presence and absence of @entity8818 . Incubation of erythrocytes with oxidant alone increased @entity2142 , @entity3961 levels, lipid peroxidation and protein @entity6738 content. This was accompanied by decrease in @entity2041 levels. Antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant power of the cell were compromised while the activity of membrane bound enzyme was lowered. This suggests induction of oxidative stress in erythrocytes by AAPH and @entity5568 . However, @entity8818 protected the erythrocytes by ameliorating the AAPH and @entity5568 induced changes in these parameters. This protective effect was confirmed by electron microscopic analysis which showed that oxidant-induced cell damage was attenuated by @entity8818 . No cellular alterations were induced by @entity8818 alone even at 20 mM, the highest concentration used. @entity1011 , a by-product of @entity8818 metabolism, was also shown to exert protective effects, although it was slightly less effective than @entity8818 . @entity1 lymphocytes were similarly treated with @entity5568 in absence and presence of different concentrations of @entity8818 . Lymphocytes incubated with oxidant alone had alterations in various biochemical and antioxidant parameters including decrease in cell viability and induction of DNA damage. The presence of @entity8818 attenuated all these @entity5568 -induced changes in lymphocytes. Thus, @entity8818 can function as a blood antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage, genotoxicity and can potentially increase their lifespan.

title: Diminution of Oxidative Damage to @entity1 Erythrocytes and Lymphocytes by @entity908 : Possible Role of XXXX in Blood.

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity33028 :: ('MESH:C046728', 'Chemical') :: ["2, 2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride"]

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity908 :: (MESH:D003401,Chemical) :: ['Creatine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite widespread gains toward the 5th Millennium Development Goal (MDG), pro-rich inequalities in reproductive health (RH) and @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) are pervasive throughout the world. As countries enter the post-MDG @entity7971 and strive toward UHC, it will be important to monitor the extent to which countries are achieving equity of RH and @entity7310 service coverage. This study explores how equity of service coverage differs across countries, and explores what policy factors are associated with a country's progress, or lack thereof, toward more equitable RH and @entity7310 service coverage. METHODS: We used RH and @entity7310 service coverage data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for 74 countries to examine trends in equity between countries and over time from 1990 to 2014. We examined trends in both relative and absolute equity, and measured relative equity using a concentration index of coverage data grouped by wealth quintile. Through multivariate analysis we examined the relative importance of policy factors, such as political commitment to health, governance, and the level of prepayment, in determining countries' progress toward greater equity in RH and @entity7310 service coverage. RESULTS: Relative equity for the coverage of RH and @entity7310 services has continually increased across all countries over the past quarter century; however, inequities in coverage persist, in some countries more than others. Multivariate analysis shows that higher education and greater political commitment (measured as the share of government spending allocated to health) were significantly associated with higher equity of service coverage. Neither country income, i.e., @entity3006 per capita, nor better governance were significantly associated with equity. CONCLUSION: Equity in RH and @entity7310 service coverage has improved but varies considerably across countries and over time. Even among the subset of countries that are close to achieving the MDGs, progress made on equity varies considerably across countries. Enduring disparities in access and outcomes underpin mounting support for targeted reforms within the broader context of universal health coverage (UHC).

title: Did Equity of Reproductive and Maternal Health Service Coverage Increase during the MDG XXXX ? An Analysis of Trends and Determinants across 74 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

entities_list: @entity7310 :: ('MESH:C536469', 'Disease') :: ['maternal health', 'MH']

answer: @entity7971 :: (26284,Gene) :: ['Era']


abstract: A redox dye, @entity6693 , was compared with subgingival root surface debridement and sterile water in the treatment of @entity7278 . Plaque and @entity2522 , @entity548 on probing, and microbiological samples were obtained at baseline, and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks following treatment. All subjects had matched pockets in each of the 4 quadrants, of 5 mm or more. One treatment consisted of 0.1% @entity6693 gel irrigated professionally at 0, 1 and 4 weeks, and by subjects at days in between up to 4 weeks, at chosen sites within a randomly selected quadrant (split-mouth design). A 2nd treatment was sterile water irrigation as above. A 3rd quadrant received subgingival debridement, and sites in the 4th received @entity6693 incorporated into a slow-release device of a biodegradable collagen alginate vicryl composite. All sites showed improvements in clinical and microbiological parameters. However, no statistically significant differences between treatment types were found for clinical measurements. Although plaque index tended to increase after week 1, gingival index was reduced, as was the papilla @entity548 index. Probing depth reductions were approximately 1.2 mm for all treatments. Microbiological variables showed an increase in cocci and a decrease in motile organisms for all groups, the latter reaching statistical significance for subgingival debridement. The reductions in spirochaetes were significant for subgingival debridement and @entity6693 by slow-release. Culture demonstrated an increase in the aerobe:anaerobe ratio for all groups, which was statistically significant initially (weeks 1 and 4) for subgingival debridement. @entity6693 was also effective statistically in improving this ratio, both by irrigation and slow-release (week 4). @entity6693 also significantly reduced the numbers of black-pigmented anaerobes during the trial period, both by irrigation and slow-release, which sterile water and subgingival debridement failed to do. No serious adverse experiences were seen, however, significantly greater morbidity was associated with subgingival debridement. These results clearly demonstrate that in altering the microflora to one that is more compatible with periodontal health, @entity6693 treatment is comparable, or even better, than the currently standard treatment of subgingival debridement, and is better tolerated.

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of a redox agent in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2522 :: ('MESH:D005891', 'Disease') :: ['gingival indices']

entities_list: @entity6693 :: ('MESH:D008751', 'Chemical') :: ['methylene blue', 'Methylene blue']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['adult periodontitis']

answer: @entity7278 :: (MESH:D055113,Disease) :: ['chronic periodontitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the perioperative management and the results of surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with @entity6 . METHODS: The clinical data were analysed retrospectively from 42 @entity1 with @entity3083 associated with @entity6 who were surgically treated between July 2001 and January 2009. There were 22 males and 20 females with an average age of 56.5 years (range, 41-78 years). The disease duration was 4-18 months (mean, 7.5 months). The involved vertebrae included 2 cervical vertebrae, 13 thoracic vertebrae, 17 thoracolumbar vertebrae, and 10 lumbar vertebrae. Of them, 18 @entity1 complicated by @entity451 , and 25 @entity1 had more than one of concomitant diseases. Anterior debridement and bony grafting with anterior instrumentation fixation were performed in 16 @entity1 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior instrumentation fixation in 4 @entity1 ; posterolateral costotransversectomy debridement and interbody fusion with posterior instrumentation fixation in 8 @entity1 ; posterior debridement and bony grafting with posterior fixation in 7 @entity1 ; sinus resectomy and focus debridement in 2 @entity1 ; anterior debridement and bony grafting in 3 @entity1 ; and CT guided percutaneous catheter drainage in 2 patients. Postoperative anti- @entity378 treatment was given for 12-24 months. RESULTS: The @entity1 were followed up 1.5-5.0 years, with a mean period of 3.5 years. One @entity1 died of @entity358 after 1 week of operation; 1 @entity1 died of @entity583 after 2 years of operation; and other @entity1 survived without @entity378 recurrence. Among 38 @entity1 who received bony grafting, 34 @entity1 achieved bony fusion, 3 suffered bony grafting failure without @entity85 or instability except 1 @entity1 who died from @entity358 . Among 18 cases complicated by @entity451 , nerve function improved to a certain extent. The intraoperative and @entity260 occurred in 28 cases. The systemic complications mainly included @entity299 in 5, @entity943 in 3, @entity358 in 2, @entity293 in 2, and stree ulcer in 1; they were cured after medical treatment. The local complications mainly included sinus tract formation in 5, pleural tear in 2, @entity16 in 2, intraoperative tear of inferior vena cava in 2, and the loosening of transpedicular screws in 4; they all were cured effectively. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with @entity6 appears to be a beneficial procedure on the condition that the blood @entity413 is controlled and the associated @entity260 are properly handled, and reasonably selection of surgical procedures is very important. Instrumentation fixation provides adequate stability to allow early mobilization.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity3083 associated with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'disorders and postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary infection']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['heart arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphotic deformity']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2204 genotype and aging have been identified as risk factors for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). In addition, @entity2414 ( @entity2414 ) might be a first clinical expression of the effect of @entity195 pathology on cognitive functioning. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether @entity2204 genotype, age, @entity2414 , and episodic memory are risk factors for high amyloid-b (Ab) burden in cognitively normal elderly. METHODS: 307 cognitively normal @entity1 (72.7    6.8 years, 53% female, 55% @entity2414 ) from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study underwent amyloid PET and @entity2204 genotyping. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of @entity2204 genotype, age, @entity2414 , and episodic memory with Ab pathology. RESULTS: Odds of high Ab burden were greater at an older age (OR=3.21; 95% CI=1.68-6.14), when @entity2414 were present (OR=1.90; 95% CI=1.03-3.48), and for @entity2204 carriers (OR=7.49; 95% CI=3.96-14.15), while episodic memory was not associated with odds of high Ab burden. Stratified analyses showed that odds of @entity2414 for high Ab burden were increased in specifically @entity2204 carriers (OR=4.58, 95% CI=1.83-11.49) and younger @entity1 (OR=3.73, 95% CI=1.39-10.01). CONCLUSION: Aging, @entity2204 genotype, and @entity2414 were associated with high Ab burden. @entity2414 were especially indicative of high Ab burden in younger @entity1 and in @entity2204 carriers. These findings suggest that selection based on the presence of @entity2414 , @entity2204 genotype and age may help identify healthy elderly @entity1 with high Ab burden eligible for secondary prevention trials.

title: Subjective Memory Complaints in XXXX Carriers are Associated with High Amyloid-b Burden.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['SMC', 'subjective memory complaints']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity2204 :: (348,Gene) :: ['APOE  4']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between perceived performance in prioritized activities and physical conditions related to grip reconstruction. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical outcome study. @entity1 : Forty-seven individuals with @entity1688 were included in the study. Each @entity1 underwent tendon transfer surgery in the hand between November 2002 and April 2009 and had a complete 1-year follow-up. METHODS: Functional characteristics and performance data were collected from our database and medical records. @entity1 ' perceived performances in prioritized activities were recorded using the Canadian Occupational Performance Measurement. Preoperative data included age at surgery, time since injury, severity of @entity130 and hand dominance. At 1-year follow-up, grip strength, key pinch strength, finger pulp-to-palm distance, distance between thumb and index finger and wrist flexion were measured. Correlation rank coefficient was used to test the possible relationship between physical data and activity performance. RESULTS: There were improvements in both functional factors and in rated performance of prioritized activities after surgery. There was no correlation between performance change and any of the physical functions, the factors known before surgery, or the functional outcome factors. CONCLUSION: No correlation exists between a single functional outcome parameter and the @entity1 ' perceived performance of their prioritized goals in reconstructive hand surgery in @entity1688 .

title: Performance of prioritized activities is not correlated with functional factors after grip reconstruction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury, sensibility']

answer: @entity1688 :: (MESH:D011782,Disease) :: ['tetraplegia']


abstract: Pulse deficit in @entity1 with @entity955 is caused by the reduction of preload. The purpose of this study was to visualize the mechanism in view of blood flow dynamics using pulsed Doppler echocardiography. The subjects were 15 cases with @entity955 and @entity51 , and the results were as follows: 1. Simultaneous recordings of the @entity3538 ( @entity3538 ) and blood flow at the left ventricular inflow tract indicated that, in nine of the total 15 cases, @entity3538 disappeared from the cardiac cycle even with sufficient preceding RF in the other six cases (Group B). 2. In Group A, %RF correlated well with % @entity3538 ; however, there was poor correlation between them in Group B. Moreover, @entity3538 was always greater than 26% if RF was greater than 50% of each mean value in Group A, but less than 25% in Group B, suggesting poor left ventricular ejection in the latter group. 3. The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and %fractional shortening (%FS) decreased significantly in Group B compared to those in Group A (EF; 59 +- 7 vs 41 +- 12%, p less than 0.01, %FS; 31 +- 5 vs 20 +- 6, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that left ventricular contractility was significantly reduced in the cases with @entity51 in Group B. 4. Systolic backward flow in the mid-ventricle caused by left ventricular asynchrony due to localized apical wall motion abnormalities was observed in all 15 cases. The heart rate during pulsed Doppler echocardiography was significantly increased in Group A as compared to that in Group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Mechanism of production of XXXX in @entity955 : assessment by blood flow dynamics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['pulse deficit']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['carotid pulse wave', 'CPW']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['pulse deficit']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness of coronary artery @entity460 score (CACS) alone and combined with Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) in adult @entity1 for significant @entity3979 by using computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) as reference standard. METHODS: Two thousand twenty-one @entity1 with suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ) underwent CACS test and CTCA. @entity1 were examined with dual-source CT and were grouped according to their age, gender, CACS, and estimated SCORE risk. Coronary plaque existence and degree of @entity850 were assessed with CTCA. Sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curves were analyzed. RESULTS: CACS was the single independent variable in estimating relative risk of critical @entity850 and had superior outcome when compared with SCORE risk in logistic regression and ROC curve. Area under the ROC curve was greatest in the interval between 50-59 years. When SCORE was combined with CACS in @entity1 with zero CACS, percentage of significant @entity850 increased from 1.4% to 7.0% in @entity1 with high or very high SCORE risk, and decreased to 0.9 % in @entity1 with low or moderate SCORE risk. CONCLUSIONS: CACS combination with SCORE risk predicts @entity3979 . When CACS is zero, CTCA can be performed in @entity1 with high or very high SCORE risk. KEY POINTS:     CACS is the major predictor of significant @entity850 in the sixth and seventh decade.     CACS has superior outcome when compared with SCORE.     Zero CACS is the most important negative predictor for significant @entity1741 .     Zero CACS, with SCORE better predicts significant @entity1741 .

title: Does coronary XXXX scoring with a SCORE better predict significant @entity3979 than without? Correlation with computed tomography coronary angiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity4382 (recombinant @entity1 @entity4382 [ @entity8033 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity1 who have previously experienced @entity882 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity8033 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity8033 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity882 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity8033 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity8033 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity8033 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity8033 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity8033 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity1 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity882 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity4382 (recombinant XXXX @entity4382 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity882 in solid tumor @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity4382 :: ('3589', 'Gene') :: ['oprelvekin', 'interleukin-11']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of @entity974 extended release (D-ER) in @entity1 with chronic post- @entity385 , and to assess for potential drug activity on sensorimotor function. METHODS: Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design, @entity1 were randomized to placebo/D-ER or D-ER/placebo sequences and given D-ER 10 mg or placebo twice daily. Key inclusion criteria were: @entity385 >=    6 months, Fugl-Meyer Assessment lower extremity motor score  <=   28, ability to complete Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FW). The primary outcome was safety and tolerability. The key exploratory measure was walking speed (T25FW). Other assessments were: Box and Block, and Grip and Pinch tests; Functional Independence Measure. Full-crossover data were analyzed using mixed-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 83 @entity1 were randomized: 70 completed and 13 discontinued the study. Adverse events were consistent with previous D-ER trials; no new safety signals were observed. Four @entity1 experienced serious adverse events: 3 @entity410 (1 placebo, 2 D-ER), 1 was secondary to intentional @entity1445 . Most common treatment-emergent adverse events were: dizziness, @entity390 , @entity4841 and @entity1295 . Mixed-effects analysis showed an effect for D-ER vs placebo in improving walking speed (0.21 vs 0.10 ft/s; p   =   0.027). CONCLUSIONS: D-ER was generally well tolerated in @entity1 with @entity64 . Potential drug activity on lower extremity sensorimotor function, with an improvement in walking speed, was seen.

title: @entity974 in chronic sensorimotor deficits after XXXX : A proof of concept study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic stroke deficits']

entities_list: @entity974 :: ('CHEBI:34385', 'Chemical') :: ['dalfampridine']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke deficits', 'ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate objectively and subjectively the long-term outcome of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) in @entity1 with high and very high @entity1714 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany. METHODS: Thirty-three eyes of 19 @entity1 were followed for a mean of 76 months (range 50 to 84 months) after primary LASIK using the Keratom I excimer laser (Schwind) and the @entity7041 microkeratome (Chiron). Refraction, glare, pachymetry, corneal topography, and tear-film secretion and stability were measured. At the last examination, @entity1 also answered a 14-item questionnaire. RESULTS: Preoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent was -13.65 diopters (D). At 1 year, it was -0.25 D and after 6 years, -0.88 D. Fifteen percent of eyes lost > or =2 lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), and 9% gained > or =2 Snellen lines. At the end of the study, 46% of eyes were within +/-1.0 D of the attempted corrected and 88% were within +/-3.0 D. There were 5 microkeratome-associated complications; 3 resulted in loss of BSCVA. The latest pachymetry showed a mean corneal thickness of 498.5 microm (range 396 to 552 microm). There were no cases of keratectasia. Seventy-five percent of @entity1 noted an increase in their quality of life. Seventy-one percent were satisfied with their postoperative visual acuity; however, 75% noticed glare and halos at night. CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis correction of very high @entity1714 did not cause keratectasia in the long term provided the corneal thickness was respected. A flap thickness setting of 130 microm with a first-generation microkeratome resulted in a high number of cut failures. Most @entity1 were happy with the results despite a modest level of accuracy and glare.

title: Six-year follow-up of laser in situ keratomileusis for moderate and extreme XXXX using a first-generation excimer laser and microkeratome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1229 has been shown to be highly efficacious for preventing @entity1031 in @entity955 in randomized trials, but its effectiveness and safety in clinical practice is less clear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity1229 on risk of @entity1031 , @entity548 , and @entity204 in @entity955 within a usual care setting. DESIGN: Cohort study assembled between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 1997, and followed up through August 31, 1999. SETTING: Large integrated health care system in Northern California. @entity1 : Of 13,559 adults with nonvalvular @entity955 , 11,526 were studied, 43% of whom were @entity1 , mean age 71 years, with no known contraindications to anticoagulation at baseline. MAIN OUTCOMES: @entity385 , @entity1897 , @entity548 , and @entity204 according to @entity1229 use and comorbidity status, as determined by automated databases, review of medical records, and state mortality files. RESULTS: Among 11,526 @entity1 , 397 incident @entity1031 events (372 @entity385 , 25 @entity1897 ) occurred during 25,341 @entity1 -years of follow-up, and @entity1229 therapy was associated with a 51% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-60%) lower risk of @entity1031 compared with no @entity1229 therapy (either no antithrombotic therapy or @entity117 ) after adjusting for potential confounders and likelihood of receiving @entity1229 . @entity1229 was effective in reducing @entity1031 risk in the presence or absence of risk factors for @entity64 . A nested case-control analysis estimated a 64% reduction in odds of @entity1031 with @entity1229 compared with no antithrombotic therapy. @entity1229 was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.61-0.77). @entity932 was uncommon, but the rate was moderately higher among those taking vs those not taking @entity1229 (0.46 vs 0.23 per 100 @entity1 -years, respectively; P =.003, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.24-3.13). However, @entity1229 therapy was not associated with an increased adjusted risk of nonintracranial major @entity548 . The effects of @entity1229 were similar when @entity1 with contraindications at baseline were analyzed separately or combined with those without contraindications (total cohort of 13,559). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1229 is very effective for preventing @entity385 in @entity1 with @entity955 in clinical practice while the absolute increase in the risk of @entity932 is small. Results of randomized trials of anticoagulation translate well into clinical care for @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Anticoagulation therapy for XXXX prevention in @entity955 : how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'person']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage', 'Intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['Warfarin', 'warfarin']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Intraabdominal @entity101 (IAH) can occur in @entity3124 @entity1 who have undergone surgery, who have required fluid resuscitation after intraabdominal operations, or whose abdominal surgical wound closure was under tension. If IAH remains unrelieved, it can lead to development of the @entity8479 ( @entity8479 ). The latter presents with severe cardiorespiratory and urinary symptoms such as @entity551 , @entity3316 , and @entity1458 , and it can become fatal if it is not diagnosed early and treated properly. Moreover, IAH has been documented in the context of major burns, complicating the initial resuscitation of these @entity1 . This study was set up to investigate the role of full-thickness burns of the thoracic and abdominal areas in IAH during the early resuscitation period, to determine whether escharotomy could influence its levels. During the past 2 years 10 burn @entity1 were enrolled in this study, as they fulfilled the necessary criteria: >35% total body surface area (TBSA) full-thickness burn affecting the anterior, lateral, and most of the posterior surface of the thorax and abdomen (torso), no respiratory mechanical support at admission, and initial evaluation at another facility and transfer to our burn center 2-6 h postburn. Upon admission, the following parameters (indicative of @entity101 , IAH) were measured: bladder pressure and gastric pressure. Also, we monitored inferior vena cava pressure, and as a routine, central venous pressure, systolic blood pressure, and arterial blood gases. Elevated intraabdominal pressure to hazardous levels was documented in all @entity1 included in our study. The same escharotomy pattern was performed in every case, and 5-10 min after the procedure all measurements were repeated. Immediate improvement of all the parameters measured was recorded, and the alterations were found statistically significant. These results were indicative of significant relief of the elevated intraabdominal pressure in all @entity1 after escharotomy, as well as the efficacy of the procedure. It is thus demonstrated that full-thickness burns of the thoracic and abdominal areas can cause a significant early increase in intraabdominal pressure that, if left untreated, can lead to the development of @entity8479 . However, the application of simple decompression techniques can offer remarkable, immediate, and often lifesaving results and is absolutely indicated for this reason, as well as for its well-known beneficial effects on respiratory function.

title: Early escharotomy as a measure to reduce XXXX in full-thickness burns of the thoracic and abdominal area.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity8479 :: ('MESH:D059325', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal compartment syndrome', 'ACS']

entities_list: @entity3316 :: ('MESH:D007040', 'Disease') :: ['hypoventilation']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal hypertension']


abstract: Our therapeutic management to @entity30 was analyzed retrospectively. Among 17 cases with @entity30 , 14 (82%) were operated. Operative indications were due to obstruction (7), perforation (2), @entity292 (2), @entity850 (2) and intractability (1). Postoperative recurrence was developed in 8 out of 14 (57%) and 4 were reoperated. Most of recurrent lesions were around the previous @entity254 . Operation per se does not cure the @entity30 but operation should be indicated when complicated obstruction, @entity292 and perforation. Nutritional treatment has been also performed 8 times. @entity30 activity index (CDAI) was decreased in all but one. In individual item of CDAI, frequency of bowel movement, @entity490 and general status were improved but items such as @entity75 , @entity292 and fever were not improved. CDAI values were turned to remission value in all of cases with complicated stenotic lesions, but it remained in active stage in all cases with complicated @entity292 , obstruction and @entity733 . Nutritional treatment seemed less effective in cases complicated @entity292 , obstruction and @entity733 .

title: [Management of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['anal lesion']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: The opening of the new Malpensa 2000 Airport worried @entity1 living in the neighbouring towns about possible effects of acoustic and air pollution on health status. For this reason, Varese Health Unit set up a study involving housewives and General Practitioners. This study has been carried out in 3 Areas: A Area, bordering the airport, B Area, at intermediate distance, and C Area, at long distance. On the whole, 932 housewives (18 to 64 years old) and 92 General Practitioners, were involved. The questionnaire, distributed to housewives between @entity4456 st and November 30th 2000, was filled out in the doctor's surgery who furthermore added clinical data. Chi-square statistics were calculated to test the association between living area and personal data, behavioural and environmental characteristics, and @entity74 . To describe possible interrelationships between living Area and the answers supplied by housewives and General Practitioners the multiple correspondence multivariate analysis technique was applied. The housewives living next to the airport (A area) frequently report insomnia, nocturnal waking, @entity148 and @entity393 . The multivariate analysis has shown a relationship between recently increasing noise noted by the housewives, and the area where they live, as well as a noticeable coherence between the answers given by the housewives and those given by the General Practitioners, who reported higher frequencies of cephalgy, @entity566 , @entity148 , medical consultation, @entity1245 's and sleeping @entity74 in A Area compared to C Area. The airport's presence seems to be associated with the onset of @entity392 in neighbouring population. Some of these disorders, in particular neuropsychological ones, are clinically confirmed by General Practitioners, and are consistent with different noise exposure levels.

title: [Epidemiologic study Salus domestica: evaluation of health damage in a sample of XXXX living near the Malpensa 2000 airport].

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergies']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety', 'anxiety neurosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ["disorder's prescriptions", 'reported disorders']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['subjective disorders']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['difficulty in hearing words']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of surgery compared with conservative treatment (no surgery) for @entity459 . DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: Nationwide Danish cohort. @entity1 : 3213 @entity1 , mean age 61 (SD 16) years, with a diagnosis of @entity459 between 1980 and 1999. 1934 (60%) underwent surgery and 1279 (40%) were treated conservatively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Occurrence of @entity174 , @entity170 , kidney or urinary tract stones, @entity583 , @entity951 , @entity943 , @entity101 , @entity712 , @entity64 , acute @entity788 , @entity2275 , @entity925 , @entity5 , @entity146 , and mortality. RESULTS: At diagnosis of @entity459 , @entity1 who subsequently underwent surgery had a lower prevalence of previous @entity174 (odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 0.80), @entity583 (0.59, 0.42 to 0.83), @entity64 (0.57, 0.37 to 0.88), @entity146 (0.54, 0.31 to 0.94), and @entity925 (0.44, 0.26 to 0.76), whereas @entity1290 (2.49, 1.93 to 3.23) and acute @entity788 (2.77, 1.33 to 5.76) were more prevalent. After diagnosis, the risks of @entity174 (hazards ratio 0.69, 0.56 to 0.84) and @entity2275 (0.59, 0.41 to 0.84) were lower in @entity1 treated surgically than those treated conservatively. Events involving kidney or urinary tact stones were more prevalent in @entity1 treated surgically than @entity1 treated conservatively (1.87, 1.30 to 2.68). Mortality was lower in @entity1 treated surgically (0.65, 0.57 to 0.73). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 treated surgically for @entity459 have a lower prevalence of @entity174 and @entity2275 than @entity1 treated conservatively. The type of treatment had no effect on the occurrence of @entity65 .

title: Cohort study on effects of parathyroid surgery on multiple outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant diseases']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['kidney stones']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['painful muscle disorders', 'muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'stomach or duodenal ulcers']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 are unable to synthesize @entity620 ( @entity7943 ), yet it is required as a cofactor in many critical biochemical reactions. The majority of @entity1 dietary @entity7943 is obtained from plants. In @entity958 , a @entity3006 - @entity3913 pyrophosphorylase (GMPP), @entity27965 ( @entity27965 ), catalyzes a rate-limiting step in @entity7943 synthesis: the formation of @entity3006 - @entity1 . In this study, we identified two @entity4334 sugar pyrophosphorylase-like proteins, KONJAC1 (KJC1) and KJC2, which stimulate the activity of @entity27965 . The kjc1kjc2 double mutant exhibited severe @entity4241 , indicating that KJC proteins are important for growth and development. The kjc1 mutation reduced GMPP activity to 10% of wild-type levels, leading to a 60% reduction in @entity7943 levels. On the contrary, overexpression of KJC1 significantly increased GMPP activity. The kjc1 and kjc1kjc2 mutants also exhibited significantly reduced levels of glucomannan, which is also synthesized from @entity3006 - @entity1 . Recombinant KJC1 and KJC2 enhanced the GMPP activity of recombinant @entity27965 in vitro, while KJCs did not show GMPP activity. Yeast two-hybrid assays suggested that the stimulation of GMPP activity occurs via interaction of KJCs with @entity27965 . These results suggest that KJCs are key factors for the generation of @entity3006 - @entity1 and affect @entity7943 level and glucomannan accumulation through the stimulation of @entity27965 GMPP activity.

title: KONJAC1 and 2 Are Key Factors for @entity3006 -Mannose Generation and Affect XXXX and Glucomannan Biosynthesis in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'Humans', 'Man']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['l-ascorbic acid']

answer: @entity620 :: (MESH:D001205,Chemical) :: ['l-Ascorbic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks vascular endothelial factor. It demonstrated an efficacy in many @entity5 types. The standard recommendation of administration is the 90-, 60-, and 30-min infusion sequence for all doses. We evaluated in this study the possibility of reducing infusion time to 10 min for bevacizumab given at 5 or 7.5 mg/kg in metastatic @entity14 (MCRC). @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 who received bevacizumab for MCRC were analyzed. @entity1 were divided into two groups: Group A (bevacizumab was given in the 90-, 60-, and 30-min infusion sequence) and group B (bevacizumab was given over 10 min). @entity1 ' medical records were used to identify any @entity56 ( @entity56 ) possibly related to bevacizumab. RESULTS: There were 38 @entity1 in group A and 43 in group B. In group A, 459 doses of bevacizumab were given (286 doses at 5 mg/kg and 173 doses at 7.5 mg/kg). No @entity56 occurred in this group. In group B, 527 doses of bevacizumab were given (335 doses at 5 mg/kg and 192 doses at 7.5 mg/kg). Only two events of @entity56 grade 2 were reported in the 7.5 mg/kg infusions. Both of them were easily resolved with symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Bevacizumab 5 or 7.5 mg/kg in MCRC can be infused safely over 10 min.

title: Bevacizumab 5 or 7.5 mg/kg in metastatic XXXX can be infused safely over 10 minutes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['HSR', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']