abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical intervention is uncommon in chronic @entity788 . Literature largely describes single institution or international experiences. This study describes US-based chronic @entity788 surgical management. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of chronic @entity788 @entity1 in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Florida State Inpatient Database 2007-2011. @entity1 with @entity5 or @entity154 were excluded. Univariate analysis using the chi-square test. The number of readmissions, inpatient length of stay and cost using Wilcoxon's signed-rank test. Multivariate analysis of surgery by logistic regression. RESULTS: Twenty-one thousand four hundred and forty-five @entity1 with chronic @entity788 . 10.8% (2 307) underwent surgery including 1652 cholecystectomies, 564 drainage procedures and 498 pancreatectomies. Procedures decreased from 12.1% to 8.3% over time (P  <  0.001), but intervention within 3  months increased (7.2% to 8.4%; P = 0.017). 15.3% (3 278) had @entity45 and 43.4% (9 312) had @entity6 . The median numbers of admissions were 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1,5] and 3 (IQR 2,7) among non-surgical and surgical @entity1 , respectively (P  <  0.001). Predictors of surgery were fewer co-morbidities, private insurance, and either @entity6 or @entity45 . CONCLUSION: @entity1689 leads to numerous inpatient readmissions, but surgical intervention only occurs in a minority of cases. Complicated @entity1 are more likely to undergo surgery. The complexities of chronic @entity788 management warrant early multidisciplinary evaluation and ongoing consideration of surgical and non-surgical options.

title: Surgical management of chronic XXXX : current utilization in the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cyst/pseudocyst', 'pancreatic cysts/pseudocysts']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Computerized tomographic (CT) scan-guided percutaneous @entity6177 has changed the colon and rectal surgeon's approach to preoperative and @entity1320 . This study is an effort to prove the efficacy of CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 133 @entity1 who underwent CT scan @entity6177 over a 6.3-year period. RESULTS: 67 @entity1 had underlying lower @entity344 . Twenty-three of these @entity1 (34 percent) had spontaneous abscesses and underwent drainage as a preoperative or final modality, whereas 44 @entity1 (66 percent) were drained postoperatively. In 78 percent of @entity1 , surgery was successfully avoided or delayed. Ten @entity1 had acute @entity4436 associated with a large pelvic abscess. Eight @entity1 underwent successful CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage, yielding an 80 percent success rate. Morbidity from the CT scan-guided percutaneous drainage procedure in spontaneous and postoperative groups was 0 percent and 9 percent, respectively. Mortality was 9 percent and 11 percent, respectively, and associated with an elevated Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score. CONCLUSION: CT scan-guided percutaneous @entity6177 is an important adjunct to colon and rectal surgery because roughly 80 percent of spontaneous and postoperative abscesses were successfully managed.

title: Computerized tomographic scan-guided XXXX . Preoperative and postoperative modalities in colon and rectal surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative intra-abdominal infections']

answer: @entity6177 :: (MESH:D018784,Disease) :: ['drainage of intra-abdominal abscesses']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The rate of relapse after emergency department treatment for acute @entity565 is high. Most studies on this subject were performed before the recent recommendations for routine use of @entity288 and followed the @entity1 for 10 or fewer days. We sought to evaluate relapse following @entity2613 treatment for acute @entity565 over a longer period, focusing particularly on the relationship between @entity134 use and outpatient follow-up visits. DESIGN: A prospective study in which we followed @entity1 for 21 days after discharge to determine their relapse rate (unscheduled return for @entity565 treatment) and compliance with scheduled outpatient appointments. SETTING: University-affiliated county hospital @entity2613 . @entity1 : One hundred four adult @entity748 @entity1 discharged from our @entity2613 after treatment under a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Follow-up was performed for 91 @entity1 (88%). There was no difference in the posttreatment forced expiratory volume at 1 second between those who relapsed (55.2%) and those who did not (57.8%; NS). Twenty-three @entity1 (25.3%) relapsed within 3 weeks of discharge. Ninety-one percent of relapses occurred before the @entity1 saw their primary care physician. Those who relapsed had a history of previous @entity2613 visits and hospitalizations. There was no difference in @entity2544 levels or history of cigarette use. @entity1 who relapsed within 3 days had higher eosinophil counts. CONCLUSION: Even with routine use of oral @entity288 , a high percentage of @entity1 relapse after @entity2613 treatment for acute @entity565 . @entity1 who relapse have a greater number of recent @entity2613 visits and so should be targeted for more aggressive management of their @entity565 .

title: Factors associated with relapse after emergency department treatment for acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity2544 :: ('MESH:D013806', 'Chemical') :: ['theophylline']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ) are common among @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) however little is known about their progression in terms of severity or burden after referral to expert care. OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to establish the progression of @entity1109 burden in @entity191 @entity1 after referral to tertiary healthcare centre and factors affecting it. METHODS: Newly referred @entity191 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled and follow-up for up to 18 months. @entity1109 scale (NMSS) was used to evaluate the burden of non-motor symptoms. RESULTS: There was a significant median reduction of total @entity1109 burden over the follow-up period. Similarly all @entity1109 domains except domains 2 (sleep/fatigue), 3 (mood/cognition), 6 (gastrointestinal) and 7 (urinary) showed significant median reduction of scores. In the univariate regression analysis, Hoehn _ Yahr staging, disease duration, visit, Schwab _ England Activities of Daily Living score and UPDRS motor scores were individually predictive of change in total @entity1109 burden. However, in the multivariable regression analysis only the latter three were significantly predictive of change in the total @entity1109 burden. CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction of total @entity1109 burden over the study period. The severity of motor and activity of daily living impairments as well as subsequent visit were the best predictors of @entity1109 change.

title: A longitudinal study of non-motor symptom burden in XXXX after a transition to expert care.

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'Non-motor symptoms']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Understanding the risk factors for @entity204 after knee replacement could help to reduce the risk of mortality after this procedure. We assessed secular trends in @entity204 within 45 days of knee replacement for @entity571 in England and Wales, with the aim of investigating whether any change that we recorded could be explained by alterations in modifiable perioperative factors. METHODS: We took data for knee replacements done for @entity571 in England and Wales between April 1, 2003, and Dec 31, 2011, from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales. @entity1 identifiers were used to link these data to the national mortality database and the Hospital Episode Statistics database to obtain details of @entity204 , sociodemographics, and comorbidity. We assessed mortality within 45 days by Kaplan-Meier analysis and assessed the role of @entity1 and treatment factors by Cox proportional hazards models. FINDINGS: 467,779 primary knee replacements were done to treat @entity571 during 9 years. 1183 @entity1 died within 45 days of surgery, with a substantial secular decrease in mortality from 0  37% in 2003 to 0  20% in 2011, even after adjustment for age, sex, and comorbidity. The use of unicompartmental knee replacement was associated with substantially lower mortality than was total knee replacement (hazard ratio [HR] 0  32, 95% CI 0  19   0  54, p<0  0005). Several comorbidities were associated with increased mortality: @entity583 (HR 3  46, 95% CI 2  81   4  14, p<0  0005), @entity66 (3  35, 2  7   4  14, p<0  0005), moderate/severe @entity409 (7  2, 3  93   13  21, p<0  0005), and @entity8 (2  18, 1  76   2  69, p<0  0005). Modifiable perioperative risk factors, including surgical approach and thromboprophylaxis were not associated with mortality. INTERPRETATION: Postoperative mortality after knee replacement has fallen substantially between 2003 and 2011. Efforts to further reduce mortality should concentrate more on older @entity1 , those who are male and those with specific comorbidities, such as @entity583 , @entity66 , @entity409 , and @entity8 . FUNDING: National Joint Registry for England and Wales.

title: 45-day mortality after 467,779 knee replacements for XXXX from the National Joint Registry for England and Wales: an observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death', 'death']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of signs and symptoms of @entity2956 in @entity1 with @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) occurring as a consequence of exposure to war stress. The examined group consisted of 100 male subjects, aged from 25 to 50 years, who had taken part in the War in Croatia, and in whom @entity1005 had previously been diagnosed. The control group comprised 100 subjects, without @entity1005 , of the same sex and age group, who had not taken part in the War. A functional evaluation of the stomatognathic system was performed using the Helkimo Anamnestic and Clinical Dysfunction Index. Eighty-two per cent of the group with @entity1005 had at least one symptom, and 98% at least one sign of @entity409 . Eight per cent reported mild symptoms and 74% severe symptoms. Twenty-eight per cent showed mild clinical signs, 22% had signs of moderate, and 48% of severe @entity409 . Twenty-four per cent of the control group of subjects had at least one symptom, and 52% at least one clinical sign of @entity409 . Twenty-two per cent reported mild and 2% severe symptoms. Mild clinical signs of @entity409 were found in 50% of subjects in the control group, moderate in 2% and none exhibited severe clinical signs. It is concluded that correlation exists between war stress and @entity2956 .

title: The influence of war stress on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2956 :: ('MESH:D013705', 'Disease') :: ['temporomandibular disorders']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['post-traumatic stress disorder', 'PTSD']

answer: @entity2956 :: (MESH:D013705,Disease) :: ['temporomandibular disorders']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The influence of lower limb venous compliance on orthostatic @entity907 is uncertain. The most widespread technique to calculate venous compliance uses a non-physiological quadratic regression equation. The aim was therefore to construct a physiologically derived venous wall model for calculation of @entity291 venous compliance, and to determine the effect of venous compliance on tolerance to maximal lower body negative pressure (LBNP). @entity432 plethysmography was used to study @entity291 volume changes in 15 @entity1 with @entity907 (25.5  1.3 yrs.) and 15 controls (22.8  0.8 yrs.). The fit of the venous wall model and the regression equation to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve were examined. Venous compliance was calculated as the derivative of the modeled pressure-volume relation. Graded LBNP to presyncope was used to determine LBNP tolerance index (LTI). The venous wall model displayed a better fit to the experimentally induced pressure-volume curve (P<0.0001). @entity291 blood pooling was similar in the groups and was uncorrelated to LTI (r=0.204, P=0.30). Venous compliance was significantly reduced at low venous pressures in vasovagal @entity1 (P=0.042), and correlated to LTI (r=0.459, P=0.014) at the low pressure range. No correlation between venous compliance at high venous pressures and LTI was found. In conclusion, the new venous wall model accurately adopted the curvilinear pressure-volume curve, providing a valid characterization of venous compliance. Reduced venous compliance at low venous pressures may adversely affect mobilization of peripheral venous blood to the central circulation during hypovolemic circulatory stress in @entity1 with @entity907 .

title: Reduced venous compliance - an important determinant for orthostatic intolerance in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Venous occlusion']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['vasovagal syncope']

answer: @entity907 :: (MESH:D019462,Disease) :: ['vasovagal syncope']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peri-stent coronary evaginations may disturb flow and have been proposed as possible risk factor for late stent @entity715 . We describe incidence, predictors, and possible mechanisms of coronary evaginations 12 months after implantation of bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS). METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and two BVS implanted in 90 @entity1 (age 63    13 years, 71 males, 14 @entity6 ) were analysed with angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) 12 months after implantation. Evaginations were identified as any hollow in the luminal vessel contour between well-apposed struts and were classified as major when extending >= 3 mm with a depth >= 10% of the BVS diameter. Fifty-five (54%) of the BVS (50(56%) of the @entity1 ) had at least one evagination (6.1    6.2 evaginations per BVS), with a mean volume of 1.9    1.9 mm(3). Major evaginations were only found in one @entity1 , and in-BVS @entity439 in three @entity1 (4BVS). The presence of evaginations was strongly associated with that of malapposition (P = 0.003) and strut @entity174 (P = 0.01). No association could be shown between the presence and volume of the evaginations and any clinical variable or the presence of uncovered struts (P > 0.5). Peri-strut low-intensity areas (PSLIA) were present in 29 (53%) of the BVS with evaginations and 12 (26%) of those without (P = 0.0049); their presence was independently associated with the presence, the number (P < 0.003) and volume of the evaginations (P = 0.004) and with that of strut @entity174 . CONCLUSIONS: Optical coherence tomography-detected evaginations are relatively common after BVS implantation, but, as for modern drug-eluting metallic stents, major evaginations are very rare. Optical coherence tomography evidence of immature neointima and strut @entity174 were associated with more severe development of evaginations.

title: Coronary evaginations and peri-scaffold XXXX following implantation of bioresorbable scaffolds: incidence, outcome, and optical coherence tomography analysis of possible mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['aneurysms']


abstract: Eleven physically active @entity1 with systemic @entity101 were studied after 5 weeks of treatment with placebo, @entity2165 or @entity1169 . A double-blind, crossover randomized design was used. Blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), physical performance capacity, rate of perceived exertion and blood @entity880 concentrations were measured during rest, exercise to exhaustion and postexercise, at 8 and 24 hours after intake of the last dose. Blood pressure at rest and during exercise was similarly decreased with both drugs (8 and 24 hours), and there was no difference between 8 and 24 hours with any of the treatments. Heart rate (8 hours) was decreased similarly by both drugs, but after 24 hours, HR at increased workloads (above 120 watts) was higher with @entity2165 compared with @entity1169 . Maximal HR was lower with @entity1169 than @entity2165 at both 8 and 24 hours. Maximal exercise loads (8 and 24 hours) were 231 and 232 watts with placebo, 211 and 212 with @entity1169 and 228 and 227 with @entity2165 . That is, maximal workload was decreased with @entity1169 compared with placebo and @entity2165 at both 8 and 24 hours. No difference was found between placebo and @entity2165 at either 8 or 24 hours. The rate of perceived exertion values were higher with @entity1169 than @entity2165 . Blood @entity880 concentrations did not differ according to treatments. The results indicate that @entity2165 , when given in a dose that decreases resting and exercise BP to the same extent as @entity1169 , limits physical performance less than @entity1169 .

title: Effect of beta 1-selective and nonselective beta blockade on blood pressure relative to physical performance in @entity1 with systemic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In advanced @entity158 @entity2720 of the ankle, the last resort is surgical treatment ( @entity3681 [ @entity3681 ] or total ankle replacement [TAR]). There is a controversy in the literature on which of the two procedures is more appropriate. A review of the literature was performed to clarify such a controversy. The first search engine was MedLine (keywords: total ankle replacement, @entity3681 ). Seventy articles were found in MedLine. Of these, only 16 were selected and reviewed because they were strictly focused on the topic of this article. The second search engine was the Cochrane Library, where only nine systematic reviews were found on the role of TAR and @entity3681 in non- @entity447 @entity1 . TAR and @entity3681 provide @entity158 relief and @entity1 satisfaction in @entity447 @entity1 in the short term. The available non- @entity447 literature is insufficient to conclude which treatment is superior. My current view is that @entity3681 may be preferable in most @entity447 @entity1 .

title: Total ankle replacement or ankle fusion in XXXX advanced @entity2720 of the ankle.

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

entities_list: @entity3681 :: ('MESH:D016512', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'ankle arthrodesis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful']


abstract: The acute @entity137 of @entity72788 (CMT) was studied in @entity35 . CMT was found to produce @entity410 and @entity3126 . The ED50s for @entity410 were 32 mg/kg (95% C.I. 24-42 mg/kg) p.o. and 20 mg/kg (95% C.I. 15-26 mg/kg) i.p. The LD50s for p.o. and i.p. administration were 22 mg/kg (95% C.I. 19-26 mg/kg) and 14 mg/kg (95% C.I. 10-20 mg/kg), respectively. Approximately 13-16% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine from 0 to 48 h post-dosing. The majority of this material was present as an organometallic form of @entity921 other than CMT. @entity109 pretreatment prevented the @entity410 and @entity358 produced by a 50 mg/kg i.p. dose of CMT. @entity35 pretreated with CMT (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 days exhibited @entity410 but no deaths after treatment with a 34 mg/kg p.o. dose of CMT. These results suggest that CMT does not require metabolic activation to produce toxic effects, and that prior exposure to CMT produces tolerance.

title: The acute @entity137 of XXXX in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity72788 :: ('MESH:C044679', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity109 :: ('MESH:D010634', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenobarbital']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

answer: @entity72788 :: (MESH:C044679,Chemical) :: ['cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl']


abstract: It has been shown that, although iodinated swimming-pool waters are usually free from coliform bacteria and enterococci, the total counts frequently become relatively high. @entity17496 and Alcaligenes faecalis have been shown to account for most of these high counts. It was of interest, therefore, to compare the microbial flora of four alternately chlorinated and iodinated swimming pools. By means of the membrane filter method and suitable selective media, examinations were made for total viable counts, coliform bacteria, enterococci, staphylococci, @entity20842 , and @entity796 . Colonies also were picked from membrane filters incubated on standard plate count agar and identified. The results showed that, although viable counts were significantly higher during the iodinated periods, the specific types of bacteria determined were either fewer than or the same as in chlorinated periods. During chlorination, the predominant microbial flora consisted of staphylococci and members of the genus Bacillus. During iodination, however, the @entity17496 -A. faecalis group accounted for 92 to 99% of the microbial flora. The accumulation of high numbers of these bacteria was shown to be due to their @entity1496 resistance and their ability to grow rapidly in pool water in the absence of free @entity1496 .

title: Factors influencing the occurrence of high numbers of XXXX -resistant bacteria in iodinated swimming pools.

entities_list: @entity17496 :: ('43263', 'Species') :: ['P. alcaligenes', 'Pseudomonas alcaligenes']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity20842 :: ('1304', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus salivarius']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: Since @entity1653 has only recently been recognized as a morphologic entity, its pathobiology has not been studied. Fourteen examples occurring in seven females and six males, ages 9 to 82 years (mean 29 years), were examined; one was associated with type 2 @entity4786 . Of these cases, seven (50%) were spinal-intradural (six lumbar, one thoracic), three (21%) arose in the posterior fossa (cerebellopontine angle), three (21%) were supratentorial, and one (7%) was centered upon the foramen magnum. In one case (8%), two @entity5 were considered to be independent primaries. One @entity5 (8%) appeared to show no dural attachment. Thirteen @entity5 were subject to complete study. All were composed of sheets of clear, glycogen-rich, polygonal cells forming only a few vague whorls. @entity8855 , both stromal and perivascular, was often extensive. Mitoses were rare in @entity5 . Immunohistochemistry showed vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen staining to be reactive in 100%. Stains for @entity2281 protein and CAM 5.2 were negative. @entity1420 and @entity172 receptor staining was observed in 77% and 0%, respectively. Ultrastructural study showed abundant cytoplasmic glycogen, a few cytoplasmic lumina, intermediate filaments, interdigitation of cell membranes, and desmosomal junctions. The means, medians, and ranges of @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) and @entity1758 antigen labeling indices for nonrecurring and recurring @entity5 were 10.4%, 8.8%, 0.8-23.4% and 11%, 1.4%, 0.1-50.3%, as compared with 7.4%, 6.7%, 2.9-17.2% and 13.3%, 13.4%, 3.3-25.7%, respectively. Twelve successful DNA ploidy studies showed that 11 @entity5 (85%) were diploid and one was tetraploid; percentage S-phase determinations varied from 4 to 9% (mean 6.0%). Recurrence was noted in eight @entity1 (61%) (five of whom had multiple recurrences); there was local discontinuous spread in two cases (15%) and widespread cranial to spinal @entity3 in one case (8%). Three @entity1 (23%) are dead of disease. In summary, @entity1653 are morphologically unique, show no sex predilection, affect primarily the lumbar region and cerebellopontine angle, and despite their benign appearance, may be @entity146 , particularly intracranial examples. No close association was noted between recurrence or clinical outcome and such factors as mitotic activity, @entity1364 proliferation indices, percent S-phase determination, or DNA ploidy status. In contrast, @entity1758 proliferation indices were appreciably higher among recurring @entity5 .

title: @entity1653 . A clinicopathologic study of a potentially aggressive variant of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['Progesterone']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['Hyalinization']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['inordinately aggressive']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['clear cell meningioma', 'clear cell meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: Quarter samples (n = 6,328) of mammary secretions were collected from 160 @entity291 during physiologic transitions of the udder to determine the frequency of isolation of @entity1271 -causing pathogens and the incidence of new intramammary infections (IMI) during the nonlactating period. None of the @entity291 in the herd was infected with @entity5967 , and the prevalence of @entity794 was low. @entity291 were not treated with antibiotics at cessation of milking. A threefold increase in the percentage of quarters infected with major @entity1271 -causing pathogens developed from late lactation to early involution. Coliforms and streptococci other than Str agalactiae accounted for 94% of major pathogen infections. The number of quarters infected with coagulase-negative staphylococci increased slightly from late lactation to early involution, whereas the number of quarters infected with Corynebacterium bovis decreased markedly. Major pathogens caused 101 of 153 IMI at parturition and greater than 90% were caused by streptococci and coliforms. At parturition, 51 of 52 minor pathogen IMI were caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci. During early lactation, there was a marked @entity281 with major pathogens; however, the number of quarters with major pathogen IMI during early lactation was 2.3 times higher than the number of quarters infected before cessation of milking. The number of quarters with minor pathogen IMI during early lactation was the same as at parturition, but a marked @entity281 with coagulase-negative staphylococci and a marked increase in @entity4210 IMI developed from parturition to early lactation.

title: Frequency of isolation of environmental XXXX -causing pathogens and incidence of new intramammary infection during the nonlactating period.

entities_list: @entity5967 :: ('1311', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus agalactiae']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in quarters infected']

answer: @entity1271 :: (MESH:D008413,Disease) :: ['mastitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity5 cell types, including @entity151 . We conducted a first-in- @entity1 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 , including @entity151 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity1 with @entity5 with @entity154 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity137 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity5 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity6355 -001, including six with @entity4153 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6355 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity137 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity1 with @entity4153 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity1 with previously progressive @entity151 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6355 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6355 -001 administration in @entity1 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity1 with @entity151 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity151 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity72328 ( @entity6355 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid XXXX with @entity154 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['neuroendocrine features']

entities_list: @entity72328 :: ('390157', 'Species') :: ['Seneca Valley Virus']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity4153 :: ('MESH:D018288', 'Disease') :: ['small cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['chemorefractory small cell lung cancer', 'small cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity1804 , the fronto-basal exposure is considered the standard approach. The superior interhemispheric (IH) approach is less described in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To assess the surgical complications, functional outcome (visual, olfaction), morbidity and mortality rates and late recurrence, after resection by superior IH approach of midline @entity1297 . METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, 52 consecutive @entity1 with midline @entity1653 on the anterior portion of the skull base (mean age: 63.8    13.1; sex ratio F/M: 3.7) were operated on via the superior IH approach. After a mean follow-up of 56.9    32.9 months, an independent neurosurgeon proposed a prospective examination of functional outcome to each @entity1 , as well as a visual and olfactory function assessment. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity1 were divided into a group with @entity1653 (n=34) and another with @entity1653 (n=18). The outcome was characterized by @entity260 in 13 @entity1 (25%), mortality rate in two (3.8%) and long-term morbidity at in 17 (37%) of 50 surviving @entity1 . Based on multivariate analysis, no prognosis factor was significant as regards the favorable outcome. The mean postoperative KPS score (86.6    9.4) was significantly improved. However, @entity751 was observed in four @entity1 (8%), @entity9905 -anosmia in 34 (68%) and visual acuity deteriorated in one (2%). CONCLUSION: The superior IH approach could be considered a safe anteriorly orientated midline approach for removal OGM and TSM @entity1653 .

title: Superior interhemispheric approach for midline XXXX from the anterior cranial base.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1804 :: ('MESH:D020863', 'Disease') :: ['suprasellar meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['skull base meningioma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['olfactory groove meningioma', 'tuberculum sellae meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['dysexecutive syndrome']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity4145 ( @entity4145 ) is caused by congenital intrinsic narrowing and/or a lower pole-crossing renal artery. When a @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is missed at the time of pyeloplasty, a redo-pyeloplasty is often required. OBJECTIVES: The aims were to analyze clinical predictors for the presence of a @entity8 in @entity4145 and the utility of functional magnetic resonance urography (fMRU) in preoperative identification of a crossing vessel. METHODS: Using an Institutional Review Board approved registry database, we identified 166 @entity1 from July of 2007 until January of 2014 who had undergone open, laparoscopic, or robotic assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty at our institution. We abstracted data including age at surgery, preoperative symptoms, preoperative imaging findings, and whether or not a @entity8 was identified intraoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed on SPSS using the Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Of the 166 @entity1 identified, 78 were found to have a @entity8 at the time of surgery and 88 did not. The surgical approach was distributed as 104 robotic assisted laparoscopic, 51 open, and 11 pure laparoscopic. On univariate analysis, older age at presentation and @entity158 at presentation predicted the presence of a @entity8 ; antenatal @entity3041 was a negative predictor, though 20 of 68 (25.6%) @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4145 antenatally did have a @entity8 . Subgroup analysis of @entity1 undergoing preoperative MRU showed a sensitivity of 88.2% and specificity of 91.7% for the detection of CRVs. DISCUSSION: This study confirmed the importance of looking for a crossing vessel in all cases, with the knowledge that increased age and @entity158 at presentation were more likely to be associated with a crossing vessel. In addition, fMRU is a valuable source of information in the preoperative identification of the presence of a crossing vessel. The study has limitations including being retrospective in nature, and that the sensitivity of fMRU to identify CRVs was based on the read of an experienced uroradiologist who specializes in MRU, so may not correlate with the standard clinical read of an fMRU. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the need to maintain a high index of suspicion for the presence of a @entity8 when intervening in a clinically symptomatic older @entity1 , although 25% of @entity1 with antenatally detected @entity4145 did have one too. Our subset analysis demonstrated that MRU is a reliable method of detecting crossing vessels.

title: Detection of crossing vessels in pediatric XXXX : Clinical patterns and imaging findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CRV', 'crossing renal vessel']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction', 'UPJO']

answer: @entity4145 :: (MESH:C537373,Disease) :: ['ureteropelvic junction obstruction']


abstract: @entity8265 ( @entity8265 ) has been identified as an autoantigen in @entity66 ( @entity66 ). There is a marked homology between different forms of transglutaminase, such as @entity8265 and coagulation factor XIII. We compared titres of both IgA- and IgG-antibodies against these two antigens in 20 @entity66 @entity1 , 20 @entity465 ( @entity465 )-negative controls and a group with @entity29 (34 with @entity30 and 23 with @entity31 ). IgA-antibodies against @entity8265 correlated with @entity465 titres and had high sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity66 . Only in two @entity66 @entity1 were high titres found of IgA-antibodies against factor XIII, non-reactive with @entity8265 . Both lacked @entity548 tendency. The presence of IgG-antibodies against @entity8265 , in contrast, had low sensitivity and specificity in screening for @entity66 and were frequently seen in @entity29 . Similarly, factor XIII IgG-antibodies displayed a non-specific pattern with modestly elevated titres in @entity1 with @entity30 and in both @entity465 -negative and positive @entity1 . Despite a marked homology with @entity8265 , the occurrence of high titre IgA-antibodies against factor XIII is infrequent in @entity66 , but may-when present-be the result of epitope spreading. The presence of IgG-antibodies in @entity66 and @entity29 illustrates the complexity of autoantibody reactions in @entity344 .

title: Factor XIII and @entity8265 antibodies in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['EMA', 'endomysial antibody']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['Tissue transglutaminase', 'tTg']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Improvements in agricultural practices in Croatia have reduced exposure to consumption of @entity42845 -contaminated flour and development of endemic (Balkan) @entity8 . Therefore, it was hypothesized that Bosnian immigrants who settled in an endemic area in Croatia 15-30 years ago would be at lower risk of developing endemic @entity8 because of reduced exposure to @entity42845 . To test this hypothesis, past and present exposure to @entity42845 , proximal tubule damage as a hallmark of endemic @entity8 , and prevalence of CKD in Bosnian immigrants were analyzed. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: In this cross-sectional observational study from 2005 to 2010, 2161 farmers were divided into groups: indigenous inhabitants from endemic @entity8 and nonendemic @entity8 villages and Bosnian immigrants; a-1 microglobulin-to- @entity1011 ratio >31.5 mg/g and eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) were considered to be abnormal. RESULTS: CKD and proximal tubule damage prevalence was significantly lower in Bosnian immigrants than inhabitants of @entity8 (6.9% versus 16.6%; P<0.001; 1.3% versus 7.3%; P=0.003, respectively); 20 years ago, Bosnian immigrants observed fewer Aristolochia clematitis in cultivated fields (41.9% versus 67.8%) and fewer seeds among @entity3505 seeds (6.1% versus 35.6%) and ate more purchased than homemade bread compared with Croatian farmers from @entity8 (38.5% versus 14.8%, P<0.001). Both Croatian farmers and Bosnian immigrants observe significantly fewer Aristolochia plants growing in their fields compared with 15-30 years ago. Prior @entity42845 exposure was associated with proximal tubule damage (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.58; P=0.02), whereas present exposure was not (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.75 to 2.30; P=0.33). Furthermore, immigrant status was an independent negative predictor of proximal tubule damage (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.19 to 0.86; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Bosnian immigrants and autochthonous Croats residing in endemic areas are exposed significantly less to ingestion of @entity42845 than in the past. The prevalence of endemic @entity8 and its associated @entity5 is predicted to decrease over time.

title: Chronic dietary exposure to XXXX and kidney function in native farmers from a croatian endemic area and bosnian immigrants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'endemic nephropathy villages']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial cancers']

entities_list: @entity42845 :: ('MESH:C000228', 'Chemical') :: ['aristolochic acid']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity42845 :: (MESH:C000228,Chemical) :: ['aristolochic Acid']


abstract: Three cases of diffuse @entity9156 were reported: case 1, a 24-year-old female, case 2, an 18-year-old male and case 3, a 61-year-old male. Their prominent features were reduced extensibility of the muscle and/or fascia. Skin was taut and bound underneath in cases 1 and 3, and focal @entity4 was noted in the left forearm of case 2. Firmness of the muscle and/or fascia was dominantly seen in four extremities in case 1, proximal limbs in case 2 and in the trunk and proximal limbs in case 3. Muscle weakness was not seen in case 1, slight in the limbs of case 2 and moderate in the proximal limbs of case 3. Transient @entity1712 was observed in case 1. IgG was elevated in all 3 cases and IgM in cases 1 and 3. Antinuclear antibody was positive in case 1 and 2, and anti-ENA antibody in case 3. Remarkable thickening of the fascia and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration in the fascia were main pathological features in all three cases. Inflammatory alteration of the muscle was modest and limited to the perifascicular and epimysial sites underneath the fascia. In these 3 cases, a diagnosis of @entity30148 or diffuse @entity9156 with @entity1712 was made, although eosinophils were scarce in the fascia or muscle tissue. All 3 cases well responded to the oral @entity617 . Mononuclear cells clustered mainly in the perivascular sites, comprising mostly T cells, helper T cells, and partly B cells. These findings suggest that helper T cell mediated immune mechanism may play a pathogenetic role in this disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunohistochemical studies on pathogenetic features of diffuse XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity30148 :: ('MESH:C535954', 'Disease') :: ['Shulman syndrome']

entities_list: @entity9156 :: ('MESH:D005208', 'Disease') :: ['fasciitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity9156 :: (MESH:D005208,Disease) :: ['fasciitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Traditional cranioplasty methods focus on pre-operative or intraoperative hand molding. Recently, CT-guided @entity12316 (PEEK) plate reconstruction enables precise, time-saving reconstruction. This case series aims to show a single institution experience with use of PEEK cranioplasty as an effective, safe, precise, reusable, and time-saving cranioplasty technique in large, @entity129 . METHODS: We performed a 6-year retrospective review of cranioplasty procedures performed at our affiliated hospitals using PEEK implants. A total of nineteen @entity1 underwent twenty-two cranioplasty procedures. Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative data was collected. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 underwent twenty-two procedures. Time interval from injury to loss of primary cranioplasty averaged 57.7 months (0-336  mo); 4.0 months (n  =  10, range 0-19) in cases of @entity130 . Time interval from primary cranioplasty loss to PEEK cranioplasty was 11.8 months for @entity281 (n  =  11, range 6-25  mo), 12.2 months for @entity130 (n  =  5, range 2-27  mo), and 0.3 months for cosmetic or functional reconstructions (n  =  3, range 0-1). Similar surgical techniques were used in all @entity1 . Drains were placed in 11/22 procedures. Varying techniques were used in skin closure, including adjacent tissue transfer (4/22) and free tissue transfer (1/22). The PEEK plate required modification in four procedures. Three @entity1 had reoperation following PEEK plate reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Cranioplasty utilizing CT-guided PEEK plate allows easy inset, anatomic accuracy, mirror image aesthetics, simplification of complex 3D defects, and potential time savings. Additionally, it's easily manipulated in the operating room, and can be easily re-utilized in cases of intraoperative course changes or @entity281 .

title: Computed-tomography modeled XXXX ( @entity12316 ) implants in revision cranioplasty.

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['complex cranial defects']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['polyether ether ketone']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['polyether ether ketone']


abstract: ACh receptors sensitive to @entity1239 ( @entity6786 ) are present in @entity1 skin keratinocytes and in bronchial epithelial cells. They are stimulated by ACh secreted by the same cells that express them, and they modulate cell motility and shape. A variety of non-neuronal tissues, including endothelial cells, synthesize @entity1617 , which raises the possibility that they are sensitive to @entity1239 . We demonstrate here that endothelial cells that line blood vessels express functional nAChRs. Their structure and ion-gating properties are similar to those of the nAChRs expressed by ganglionic neurons and by skin keratinocytes and bronchial epithelial cells. In situ hybridization experiments using primary cultures of endothelial cells from @entity1 aorta demonstrated the presence in these cells of the subunits believed to contribute to ganglionic ACh receptors (AChRs) of the alpha3 subtype: alpha3, alpha5, @entity2263 and @entity537 . Binding of radiolabeled @entity26331 -a high-affinity specific ligand of certain neuronal AChRs, including the alpha3 subtypes-revealed the presence of approximately 900 specific binding sites per cell. We assessed the presence of functional AChRs by patch-clamp experiments. Cultured @entity1 endothelial cells express ion channels that are opened by (+)-anatoxin-a and are blocked by @entity6325 . These are specific agonist and antagonist, respectively, of neuronal AChRs of the alpha3 subtype. The ion-gating properties of the endothelial AChRs were similar to those of neuronal ganglionic AChRs. The presence of AChRs sensitive to @entity1239 in endothelial cells may be related to the toxic effects of @entity1239 on the vascular system.

title: XXXX vascular endothelial cells express functional nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity26331 :: ('MESH:C082748', 'Chemical') :: ['epibatidine']

entities_list: @entity6325 :: ('MESH:D004079', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydro-beta-erythroidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Dopaminergic agonists (DAs) are widely used to treat motor symptoms in @entity191 ( @entity191 ). The differential effect of DAs on neuropsychiatric symptoms of @entity191 has not been accurately studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study of 515 non-demented @entity191 @entity1 receiving treatment with @entity399 [n = 250, monotherapy or with @entity3034 ( @entity3034 )], @entity25049 (n = 150, monotherapy or with @entity3034 ), or @entity3034 (n = 115, monotherapy); all formulations were immediate release. Neuropsychiatric disturbances were assessed through the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Groups were matched in terms of age, education, sex, disease severity (Hoehn and Yahr), disease duration, executive function, total @entity3034 daily equivalent dose, and concomitant psychotropic medications (antidepressants, anxiolytics and antipsychotic agents). RESULTS: @entity1 on @entity399 showed significantly lower total NPI scores than @entity1 on @entity25049 (17.2    11 vs. 20.9    13, p = 0.015). Regarding the spectrum of neuropsychiatric symptoms, @entity399 was associated with significantly lower apathy scores than the @entity3034 group (1.01    1.7 vs. 1.87    2.93, p = 0.02). The frequency of @entity1 with clinically meaningful symptoms of apathy (NPI apathy scores >=  4) was significantly lower in the @entity399 group (11.2 %) than in the @entity25049 (20.3 %) and @entity3034 (23.8 %) groups (   (2) 12.49, p = 0.002). No other significant differences were found in NPI subscores between groups. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first head-to-head comparative study of the effect of DAs on @entity146 in @entity191 that has controlled the sample for the most important confounding factors. In comparable groups of @entity1 , the use of @entity399 seems to be associated with a lower frequency and severity of apathetic symptoms.

title: Head-to-Head Comparison of the Neuropsychiatric Effect of Dopamine Agonists in XXXX : A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Non-demented @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['L-dopa', 'levodopa']

entities_list: @entity25049 :: ('MESH:C046649', 'Chemical') :: ['ropinirole']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disturbances']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity399 :: ('MESH:C061333', 'Chemical') :: ['pramipexole']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: Among different technological variables that influence drug release from hydrophilic matrices, different proportions of the polymer and a water-soluble excipient have been used to control the drug release properties. These variables were used to modify the drug release rate and to examine its effect on the mechanism controlling the process. Tablets of the model drug @entity973 (4-AP) were prepared varying the matrix proportion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and @entity1792 (CA). The matrices release behavior (USP apparatus 2, paddle, at 50 rpm) was examined using 0.1N @entity5828 and 0.2M @entity1391 buffer as dissolution media. Dissolution curves were described by M(t)/M(inf)=kt(n), applied separately for each dissolution medium. The increase of the HPMC matrix content reduced the release rate of the drug. The release mechanism showed a linear trend toward higher n values with a continuous reduction of drug release. The addition of increasing proportions of CA produced the opposite. An increasing drug release rate produced logarithmic decreasing n values. The results demonstrate, as a general rule, that every restriction of the drug release rate is associated with increasing values of the mechanism-indicating exponent n. This relationship means a logarithmic movement away from a release mechanism controlled by diffusion toward a mechanism controlled by relaxation, @entity2681 and dissolution of the polymeric matrix as the drug release rate is restricted. These results are attributed to an increasing hydration and dissolution of the polymeric matrix, as the drug release is subject to limitation.

title: Effect of varying the restriction degree of XXXX release from HPMC matrices on the mechanism controlling the process.

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

answer: @entity973 :: (MESH:D015761,Chemical) :: ['4-aminopyridine']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) plays a role in the tumorigenicity of @entity263 cells. METHODS: @entity5049 @entity263 cells were transfected with small interfering (si) @entity675 and siPDGFR-b, constructed according to the conventional small interfering RNA design standard. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and cell growth were studied to determine the characteristics of @entity675 and @entity3820 -b in vitro. The @entity263 xenograft model was established to investigate whether knockout of @entity675 and @entity3820 -b @entity263 @entity5 growth in vivo. The experimental groups were defined as group 1 ( @entity5049 cells only), group 2 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with small interfering green fluorescent protein), group 3 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-a), group 4 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-b), and group 5 ( @entity5049 cells transfected with siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b). RESULTS: Western blot analysis revealed that siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b significantly blocked @entity675 and @entity3820 -b protein expression. After 48 hours of transfection of the @entity5049 cells with siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b, the relative fractions of viable cells were reduced to 47.7% (P = .007) and 38.5% (P = .010). In vivo, @entity19 treated with siPDGFR-a or siPDGFR-b and siPDGFR-a plus siPDGFR-b had significant @entity5 cell growth arrest compared with the @entity19 in groups 1 and 2 (P = .001). In addition, a significant reduction in the microvessel density was observed in @entity5 from the @entity19 treated with siPDGFR-a or siPDGFR-b and siPDGFR-a plus siPDGFR-b (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that siPDGFR-a and siPDGFR-b might inhibit @entity263 cell growth by the suppression of angiogenesis.

title: @entity263 using RNA interference-directed knockdown of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['decreases prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor']

answer: @entity3820 :: (5159,Gene) :: ['platelet-derived growth factor receptor']


abstract: The variation of kinetic parameters with pH was examined for @entity291 brain hexokinase with @entity413 and @entity855 as substrates. The -log V1 and -log (V1/Km) profiles for both substrates were examined and seen to decrease below pH 6.5. All profiles asymptotically approached slopes of -1, indicating that the loss of activity in each instance was due to the protonation of a single group on the enzyme. Analysis of the data indicated two ionizable groups were involved in the reaction. One functions in the binding of @entity855 and in catalysis while the other participates in the binding of @entity413 . The -log V1 profiles both showed a "hump" attributed to a loss of activity in the pH region 7.5-5.5. Addition of @entity3775 ions to the reaction mixture increased the magnitude of the hump, but the inhibition was abolished by the addition of @entity1792 . Kinetic studies carried out at pH 7 indicated that @entity3775 was a competitive inhibitor with respect to @entity855 and noncompetitive with respect to @entity413 . However, secondary plots of the kinetic data were nonlinear, concave downward, indicating that the inhibition is not of a simple type. Possible explanations for this phenomenon are presented.

title: pH kinetic studies of XXXX brain hexokinase.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: The interpretation of clonality within @entity1534 -associated @entity3621 and low-grade @entity1074 remains controversial. Due to the observation of @entity1074 regression after @entity1534 eradication, new definitions concerning the border between benign reactive lesions and malignant @entity6595 are needed. Gene rearrangements for immunoglobulin heavy-chain in low-grade @entity1074 (N= 12) and @entity1534 -associated @entity102 with @entity1373 (N= 13) were analyzed by microdissection and polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, T cell receptor-gamma chain rearrangements were analyzed by gene scan analysis. In 11 of 12 cases with initial low-grade @entity1074 , intraepithelial and subepithelial B cell rearrangements showed a restricted usage of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain 3. In @entity1534 -associated @entity102 , the intraepithelial B cell compartment showed an oligoclonal the immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement pattern with a predominance of VH3. The subepithelial compartment did not show any restrictive immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene usage. Additionally a mono- to oligoclonal rearrangement pattern of the T cell receptor-y chain was observed in low-grade @entity1074 , whereas an oligoclonal pattem was observed in @entity102 . Our data provide evidence that low-grade @entity1074 may start within the epithelium and subsequently infiltrate the subepithelial compartment. The observation of a mono- to oligoclonal TCR-gamma rearrangement suggests that an antigen selecting process also takes place within reactive T cells. Combining TCR-gamma gene scan analysis with IgH chain rearrangement analysis might help in discriminating between @entity102 and @entity1074 in questionable cases.

title: Compartment analysis of T cell receptor gamma--and immunoglobulin V(H) rearrangements by microdissection in patients with malt lymphoma and @entity102 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6595 :: ('MESH:C535648', 'Disease') :: ['gastric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['initial MALT lymphoma', 'MALT lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic gastritis']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['lymphatic hyperplasia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preimplantation cross-talk between a functional blastocyst and the endometrium is critical for successful blastocyst implantation. This interaction is mediated in part by endometrial cytokines/growth factors secreted by glandular epithelium into the uterine cavity. Recent evidence suggests that blastocyst-derived @entity3566 may influence the endometrial milieu in conception cycles thereby enhancing receptivity and implantation success. This study investigated the effect of @entity3566 on the secretory profile of a select cohort of 44 cytokines/growth factors from primary @entity1 endometrial epithelial cells (hEECs). These factors included those with both known and unknown roles during receptivity and implantation. The expression of one previously unknown @entity3566 -regulated factor, @entity540 ( @entity540 ), in @entity1 endometrium and its effects on hEEC function were further examined. METHODS: hEECs isolated from endometrial biopsies collected from fertile cycling @entity1 (n = 15) were treated    recombinant @entity3566 (0.2-20 IU/ml) for 48 h and conditioned media was quantitatively analysed using Luminex    multiplex technology. @entity540 was further investigated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and cell-adhesion assays. RESULTS: Of 44 cytokines/growth factors examined, 39 were produced by hEECs with a distinct profile. @entity3566 (2 IU/ml) significantly increased the production of six factors, including those with known roles in receptivity and trophoblast function ( @entity4382 ), blastocyst migration and adhesion ( @entity371 ), blastocyst development ( @entity2841 ) and one unknown with respect to receptivity and implantation ( @entity540 ). Up-regulation of known @entity3566 -regulated proteins, vascular endothelial growth factor and @entity1778 inhibitory factor, validated this study. Immunoreactive epithelial @entity540 increased across the menstrual cycle, being highest in secretory and first trimester pregnancy endometrium in vivo. @entity540 (100 ng/ml) stimulated phosphorylation of @entity1366 in hEEC with no effect on @entity1366 abundance and stimulated hEEC adhesion to fibronectin and collagen IV (components of blastocyst/trophectoderm extracellular matrix). CONCLUSIONS: These findings clearly support roles for @entity3566 and @entity540 in the blastocyst-endometrial cross-talk important for endometrial receptivity and blastocyst implantation.

title: XXXX chorionic gonadotrophin regulates @entity540 and other cytokines produced by @entity1 endometrial epithelial cells, providing a mechanism for enhancing endometrial receptivity.

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2', 'FGF2']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase 33 (STK33) has been shown to be conserved across all major vertebrate classes including reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish, suggesting its importance within vertebrates. It has been shown to phosphorylate vimentin and might play a role in spermatogenesis and organ ontogenesis. In this study we analyzed the genomic locus and expression of stk33 in the class Aves, using a combination of large scale next generation sequencing data analysis and traditional PCR. RESULTS: Within the subclass Palaeognathae we analyzed the white-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus), the @entity6497 ( @entity6497 ) and the @entity6498 ( @entity6498 ). For the @entity6497 we were able to generate a 62,778 bp long genomic contig and an mRNA sequence that encodes a protein showing highly significant similarity to STK33 proteins from other vertebrates. The @entity6498 has been shown to encode and transcribe a functional STK33 as well. For the white-throated tinamou we were able to identify 13 exons by sequence comparison encoding a protein similar to STK33 as well. In contrast, in all 28 neognath birds analyzed, we could not find evidence for the existence of a functional copy of stk33 or its expression. In the genomes of these 28 bird species, we found only remnants of the stk33 locus carrying several large genomic deletions, leading to the loss of multiple exons. The remaining exons have acquired various indels and premature stop codons. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to elucidate and describe the genomic structure and the transcription of a functional stk33 gene within the subclass Palaeognathae, but we could only find degenerate remnants of stk33 in all neognath birds analyzed. This led us to the conclusion that stk33 became a unitary pseudogene in the evolutionary history of the class Aves at the paleognath-neognath branch point during the late cretaceous period about 100 million years ago. We hypothesize that the pseudogenization of stk33 might have become fixed in neognaths due to either genetic redundancy or a non-orthologous gene displacement and present potential candidate genes for such an incident.

title: The @entity563 / XXXX kinase 33 is present and expressed in palaeognath birds but has become a unitary pseudogene in neognaths about 100 million years ago.

entities_list: @entity6498 :: ('8790', 'Species') :: ['emu', 'Dromaius novaehollandiae']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity6497 :: ('8801', 'Species') :: ['African ostrich', 'Struthio camelus']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['Serine']

answer: @entity1889 :: (CHEBI:26986,Chemical) :: ['threonine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An important aspect in glomerular nephritic processes is the enhanced influx of leukocytes into the glomerulus. METHODS: To investigate the mechanisms of intraglomerular leukocyte infiltration in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity3630 ( @entity3630 ), we immunohistochemically examined the intraglomerular expression of @entity1453 ( @entity1453 , @entity1453 / @entity1454 ), @entity9536 , @entity9536 / @entity1454 ) and @entity2071 ( @entity2071 , @entity2071 ) together with glomerular deposition of C3c and fibrinogen. RESULTS: In @entity8 (n=42), @entity1453 + cells were distributed mainly in glomeruli with intense expression of @entity2071 , and there was a positive correlation (P<0.001) between the number of @entity1453 + cells and the degree of @entity2071 expression. @entity9536 + cells had no correlation with glomerular C3c deposition, but had a significant correlation with fibrinogen deposition (P<0.05). The number of @entity1453 + cells was significantly greater than of @entity9536 + cells (P<0.05). The number of @entity1453 + cells was strongly correlated with that of @entity469 + cells (P<0.00001). In @entity3630 (n= 43), on the contrary, @entity9536 + cells correlated only with C3c deposition (P<0.001), and they were observed mainly in peripheral loops of glomerular capillaries where C3c was deposited with a similar distribution. However, there was no relationship between @entity1453 + cells and @entity2071 expression. The number of @entity9536 + cells was greater than that of @entity1453 + cells (P<0.0001), and most @entity9536 + cells were identical to @entity5824 + cells. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the possibility that different mechanisms may cause glomerular leukocyte infiltration in various forms of @entity1 @entity631 . The @entity1453 / @entity2071 pathway may play an important role in glomerular leukocyte infiltration in @entity8 , while the @entity9536 /complement pathway may be important in @entity3630 . The former may promote mainly the infiltration of @entity469 + cells, and the latter may promote that of @entity5824 + cells. In addition, @entity9536 + cells may act as fibrinogen and complement receptors in @entity8 and @entity3630 , respectively.

title: Differences in glomerular leukocyte infiltration between @entity8 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'IgA-N']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['MPGN-I', 'membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I']

entities_list: @entity1453 :: ('3683', 'Gene') :: ['CD11a', 'leukocyte function-associated antigen-1', 'LFA-1']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1', 'CD54']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']


abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce the formation of @entity548 @entity356 and intestinal ulcers in experimental animals. The damage can be prevented by prior local administration of @entity2918 , indicating that @entity2918 have protective properties on the @entity344 . The protective effect was studied in @entity1 by measuring the fecal @entity190 during @entity3352 treatment of 18 @entity1 with @entity627 with and without concomitant oral supplementation with 1 mg @entity1421 three times daily. The study had a randomized double-blind crossover design using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as marker of @entity360 . @entity3352 increased the daily fecal @entity190 from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.6 ml (P less than 0.005). When oral @entity1421 was taken concomitantly, the @entity190 was reduced to 1.1 +/- 0.2 ml daily (P less than 0.01), i.e., to the control level. Side effects of @entity1421 were negligible, and the beneficial effect of @entity3352 on joint status and symptoms was not interfered with. No changes were recorded in repeated blood tests except for a slightly reduced hemoglobin and a small but statistically significant reduction of serum- @entity460 during @entity3352 treatment, an effect hitherto not described in normocalcemic @entity1 subjects. A protective effect on the @entity344 by oral @entity1421 has by the present study been demonstrated also in @entity1 . The protection is unrelated to the @entity356 acid secretion, which is not inhibited by oral @entity1421 . The finding may have clinical application, as gastrointestinal side effects and @entity548 are common reasons for discontinuation of NSAID in @entity1 with @entity627 .

title: Protective effect of @entity1421 in the gastrointestinal tract during @entity3352 treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal mucosa']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity627 :: (MESH:D012216,Disease) :: ['rheumatic diseases']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic resection is considered the treatment of choice for @entity356 . Occasionally, it is necessary to perform an intraoperative gastroscopy to localize the lesion. There are no data in the literature addressing the factors that can predict when a combined laparoscopic-endoscopic approach will be needed. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using a prospectively collected database was conducted. From January 2005 to December 2013, all the @entity1 undergoing a laparoscopic gastric resection for @entity5 irresectable by endoscopy were reviewed. Potential predictive factors for the need of an intraoperative endoscopy were analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight consecutive @entity1 (22 @entity1 and 16 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 67 (41-86) years underwent laparoscopic gastric resection for @entity5 . Fourteen (36.8  %) @entity1 required intraoperative endoscopic assessment. The only significant factors related to the need of endoscopic assessment during surgery were @entity5 growth pattern (P  =  0.002) and size (P  =  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An accurate description of @entity5 growth pattern and size by EUS is recommended in the preoperative assessment of @entity356 . Small @entity5 ( <=18  mm) with an intraluminal growth may need a combined endoscopic-assisted laparoscopic management.

title: Endoscopic-assisted laparoscopic resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'subepithelial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric subepithelial tumors']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric subepithelial tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4518 ( @entity571 ) is a significant cause of morbidity. Epidemiological data suggests that the use of @entity2931 replacement therapy ( @entity18437 ) may protect against tibiofemoral knee @entity571 . However, the effect on patellofemoral @entity571 is unknown. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that long term @entity18437 (greater than 5 years) is associated with increased patella cartilage in post menopausal @entity1 . METHODS: We studied 81 @entity1 (42 current users (> 5 yrs) of @entity2931 replacement therapy and 39 never users). Articular cartilage volumes were determined by post-processing images acquired in the sagittal plane using a T1-weighted fat suppressed magnetic resonance sequence on an independent workstation. RESULTS: There was no difference in the amount of patella cartilage in @entity1 on @entity18437 compared to @entity1 on no @entity18437 . After adjusting for patella bone size, years since menopause, body mass index, age of menopause and smoking, @entity18437 users had 2.07 +/- 0.76 ml of patella cartilage compared to 1.93 +/- 0.89 ml in non-users (P = 0.24 for difference). CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that use of @entity18437 for more than 5 years does not have a significant effect on patella cartilage, in contrast to the previously described effect on tibial cartilage. The reasons for this are unknown, but may indicate that there are differences in the mechanisms for development of knee @entity571 at these sites.

title: Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on patella cartilage in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity4518 :: ('MESH:D046788', 'Disease') :: ['Patellofemoral osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Quantification by mass spectrometry imaging (Q- @entity17798 ) is one of the hottest topics of the current discussions among the experts of the @entity15 imaging community. If @entity17798 is established as a powerful qualitative tool in drug and biomarker discovery, its reliability for absolute and accurate quantification (QUAN) is still controversial. Indeed, Q- @entity17798 has to deal with several fundamental aspects that are difficult to control, and to account for absolute quantification. The first objective of this manuscript is to review the state-of-the-art of  Q- @entity17798 and the current strategies developed for absolute quantification by direct surface sampling from tissue sections. This includes comments on the quest for the perfect matrix-matched standards and signal normalization approaches. Furthermore, this work investigates quantification at a pixel level to determine how many pixels must be considered for accurate quantification by ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), the most widely used technique for @entity17798 . Particularly, this study focuses on the MALDI-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) in rastering mode, previously demonstrated as a quantitative and robust approach for small analyte and peptide-targeted analyses. The importance of designing experiments of good quality and the use of a labeled compound for signal normalization is emphasized to minimize the signal variability. This is exemplified by measuring the signal for cocaine and a tryptic peptide (i.e., obtained after digestion of a monoclonal antibody) upon different experimental conditions, such as sample stage velocity, laser power and frequency, or distance between two raster lines. Our findings show that accurate quantification cannot be performed on a single pixel but requires averaging of at least 4-5  pixels. The present work demonstrates that MALDI-SRM/ @entity17798 is quantitative with precision better than 10-15  %, which meets the requirements of most guidelines (i.e., in bioanalysis or toxicology) for quantification of drugs or peptides from tissue homogenates.

title: Quantification in MALDI- XXXX imaging: what can we learn from MALDI-selected reaction monitoring and what can we expect for imaging?

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous work has revealed sizeable deficits in the abilities of @entity1 with an @entity72 ( @entity72 ) to integrate auditory and visual speech signals, with clear implications for social communication in this population. There is a strong male preponderance in @entity72 , with approximately four affected males for every female. The presence of sex differences in @entity72 symptoms suggests a sexual dimorphism in the @entity72 phenotype, and raises the question of whether this dimorphism extends to @entity72 traits in the neurotypical population. Here, we investigated possible sexual dimorphism in multisensory speech integration in both @entity72 and neurotypical individuals. METHODS: We assessed whether males and females differed in their ability to benefit from visual speech when target words were presented under varying levels of signal-to-noise, in samples of neurotypical @entity1 and adults, and in @entity1 diagnosed with an @entity72 . RESULTS: In @entity245 ( @entity245 ) @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity72 , females (n = 47 and n = 15, respectively) were significantly superior in their ability to recognize words under audiovisual listening conditions compared to males (n = 55 and n = 58, respectively). This sex difference was absent in our sample of neurotypical adults (n = 28 females; n = 28 males). CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the development of audiovisual integration is delayed in male relative to female @entity1 , a delay that is also observed in @entity72 . In neurotypicals, these sex differences disappear in early adulthood when females approach their performance maximum and males "catch up." Our findings underline the importance of considering sex differences in the search for @entity2438 endophenotypes and strongly encourage increased efforts to study the underrepresented population of females within @entity72 .

title: Sex differences in multisensory speech processing in both @entity245 XXXX and those on the @entity2438 spectrum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['TD', 'typically developing']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Perceived constraints to providing @entity1 care in their own morally justified way may cause @entity147 ( @entity147 ) in neonatal nurses and physicians. Negative long-term effects of @entity147 include substandard @entity1 care, burnout and leaving the profession. AIM: To assess the immediate impact of perceived inappropriate @entity1 care on nurses' and physicians' @entity147 intensity, and explore a possible moderating effect of ethical climate. DESIGN: In a repeated measures design, after baseline assessment, each @entity1 completed self-report questionnaires after five randomly selected shifts. Data were analysed with logistic and Tobit regression. @entity1 : Data were collected among 117 of 147 eligible nurses and physicians (80%) in a level-III neonatal intensive care unit in the Netherlands. RESULTS: At baseline, overall @entity147 was relatively low; in nurses, it was significantly higher than in physicians. Few morally distressing situations were reported in the repeated measurements, but distress could be intense in these cases; nurses' and physicians' scores were comparable. Physicians were significantly more likely than nurses to disagree with their @entity1 ' level of care (p   =   0  02). Still, perceived overtreatment, but not undertreatment, was significantly related to distress intensity in both professional groups; ethical climate did not moderate this effect. Substandard @entity1 care due to lack of continuity, poor communication and unsafe levels of staffing were rated as more important causes of @entity147 than perceived inappropriate care. CONCLUSIONS: Although infrequently perceived, overtreatment of @entity1 caused considerable distress in nurses and physicians. Our unit introduced multidisciplinary medical ethical decision making 5 years ago, which may partly explain the low @entity147 at baseline. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: @entity147 might be prevented by improved continuity of care, safe levels of staffing and better team communication, along with other targeted interventions with demonstrated effectiveness, such as palliative care programs and facilitated ethics conversations.

title: Appropriateness of care and XXXX among neonatal intensive care unit staff: repeated measurements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'participant', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['MD', 'moral distress']

answer: @entity147 :: (MESH:D005316,Disease) :: ['moral distress']


abstract: The efficacy of antacid in the treatment of benign @entity2275 is less well established than in the treatment of duodenal @entity1066 . The objective of this study was to monitor @entity1066 and symptom relief in 38 @entity1 with gastric ulceration treated for 6 weeks with @entity4444 (Tagamet) 300 mg q.i.d. or an @entity3775 - @entity1760 containing antacid (Mylanta II) 10 ml q.i.d. (acid neutralizing capacity 203.2 mEq/day). The study was single-blind; the study physicians and those providing endoscopic assessments were not aware of the @entity1 ' treatment. Entered into the study were 19 male and 19 female @entity1 ranging in age from 17 to 70 years, with a mean age of 52 years. None of the @entity1 had taken @entity4444 in the previous month, and none abused @entity167 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but two-thirds of the @entity1 were smokers. Five @entity1 in the antacid group withdrew for numerous reasons including continued @entity158 , noncompliance, and side effects. All @entity1 in the @entity4444 group completed the study, and no side effects were noted. There was no difference between the antacid- and the @entity4444 -treated @entity1 in the relief of symptoms. There was a significant difference in the 6-week @entity1066 between the groups, with 14/19 (74%) healed in the @entity4444 group compared with only 6/14 (43%) healed in the antacid group (p less than 0.025). Thus, Mylanta II, 10 ml four times daily, is comparable to @entity4444 300 mg q.i.d. in the symptomatic relief of benign gastric ulceration, but @entity1066 was superior using @entity4444 .

title: Comparative study of XXXX and Mylanta II in the 6-week treatment of @entity2275 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'ulcer healing']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity4444 :: (MESH:D002927,Chemical) :: ['cimetidine']


abstract: @entity4128 @entity67 / @entity296 ( @entity4128 /C) is an @entity74 caused by defective desmosomal proteins, and it has typical histopathological features characterized by predominantly progressive @entity1560 of the right ventricle. Clinical presentations of @entity4128 /C vary from @entity1163 , progressive @entity712 ( @entity712 ), @entity1165 , and @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ). The 2010 modified Task Force criteria were established to facilitate the recognition and diagnosis of @entity4128 /C. An @entity299 ( @entity299 ) remains to be the cornerstone in prevention of @entity1164 in @entity1 fulfilling the diagnosis of definite @entity4128 /C, especially among @entity4128 /C @entity1 with @entity1163 , hemodynamically unstable @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ), @entity2224 , and aborted @entity1164 . Further risk stratification is clinically valuable in the management of @entity1 with borderline or possible @entity4128 /C and mutation carriers of family members. However, given the entity of heterogeneous penetrance and non-uniform phenotypes, the standardization of clinical practice guidelines for at-risk individuals will be the next frontier to breakthrough. Antiarrhythmic drugs are prescribed frequently to @entity1 experiencing frequent @entity5707 . @entity2643 is the recommended drug of choice. @entity1212 ( @entity1212 ) has been demonstrated to effectively eliminate the drug-refractory @entity1165 in @entity1 with @entity4128 /C. However, the efficacy and clinical prognosis of @entity1212 via endocardial approach alone was disappointing prior to the era of epicardial approach. In recent years, it has been proven that the integration of endocardial and epicardial ablation by targeting the critical isthmus or eliminating abnormal electrograms within the diseased substrates could yield higher acute success and lower recurrence of @entity1165 during long-term follow-up. Heart transplantation is the final option for @entity1 with extensive disease, biventricular @entity712 with uncontrollable hemodynamic compromise, and refractory @entity1165 despite aggressive medical and ablation therapies.

title: Current and state of the art on the electrophysiologic characteristics and catheter ablation of arrhythmogenic right @entity67 / XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4128 :: ('MESH:D019571', 'Disease') :: ['ARVD', 'Arrhythmogenic right']

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fibro-fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia', 'ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['Amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity1212 :: ('MESH:D055499', 'Disease') :: ['RFCA', 'Radiofrequency catheter ablation']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['implantable cardiac defibrillator', 'ICD']

entities_list: @entity5707 :: ('MESH:D020257', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias and/or appropriate ICD shocks']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dysplasia']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['cardiomyopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the current role of laparoscopy and robot-assisted laparoscopy for managing @entity1791 . RESULTS: The contemporary indications for laparoscopic stone management are: anatomical variations in location or shape of the kidney ( @entity8 , @entity8 and @entity8 ); coexisting pathologies, e.g. @entity4145 ; and stones in a renal unit with lower @entity1695 . The laparoscopic approach allows the simultaneous management of both the pathologies. Symptomatic stones in diverticula not amenable to endourological intervention can be treated with laparoscopy. Large impacted pelvic and ureteric calculi with a functioning renal unit are an indication for laparoscopic ureterolithotomy or pyelolithotomy. This review of current reports suggests that in a selected group of @entity1 with complex stone disease the laparoscopic approach offers good success rates with minimal complications. There are few reports of robotic procedures in stone disease but existing data suggest that it is feasible. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery is effective for @entity1290 and offers excellent stone clearance rates with minimal morbidity. Laparoscopic surgery is complementary in managing these stones. Robot-assisted laparoscopic technique of urinary tract stone management is in its early stage of implementation and randomised trials that compare robot assisted outcomes with other minimally invasive techniques are needed.

title: Laparoscopic and robot-assisted surgery in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic kidney', 'malrotated kidney', 'horseshoe kidney']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['ureteric obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1290 :: ('MESH:D007669', 'Disease') :: ['complex renal stones']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urinary lithiasis']

entities_list: @entity4145 :: ('MESH:C537373', 'Disease') :: ['pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction']

answer: @entity1791 :: (MESH:D052878,Disease) :: ['urinary lithiasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Newer approaches to mammography, including digital image acquisition and computer-aided detection (CAD), and adjunct imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have diffused into clinical practice. The impact of these technologies on screening-related cost and outcomes remains undefined, particularly among older @entity1 . METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, we constructed two cohorts of @entity1 without a history of @entity0 and followed each cohort for 2 years. We compared the use and cost of screening mammography including digital mammography and CAD, adjunct procedures including breast ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy between the period of 2001 and 2002 and the period of 2008 and 2009 using   (2) and t test. We also assessed the change in @entity0 stage and incidence rates using   (2) and Poisson regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: There were 137150 @entity1 (mean age = 76.0 years) in the early cohort (2001-2002) and 133097 @entity1 (mean age = 77.3 years) in the later cohort (2008-2009). The use of digital image acquisition for screening mammography increased from 2.0% in 2001 and 2002 to 29.8% in 2008 and 2009 (P < .001). CAD use increased from 3.2% to 33.1% (P < .001). Average screening-related cost per capita increased from  76 to  112 (P < .001), with annual national fee-for-service Medicare spending increasing from  666 million to  962 million. There was no statistically significant change in detection rates of early-stage @entity5 (2.45 vs 2.57 per 1000 @entity1 -years; P = .41). CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity0 screening-related costs increased substantially from 2001 through 2009 among Medicare beneficiaries, a clinically significant change in stage at diagnosis was not observed.

title: Evolution of XXXX screening in the Medicare population: clinical and economic implications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'person']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: During recent years, the curative potential of radiotherapy versus surgery for @entity418 was investigated in randomized trials. A PubMED  , Medline  , and Web of Science   search identified six randomized studies comparing definitive (chemo-) radiotherapy with either surgery alone or surgery+/-induction treatment for @entity1 (n=929) with potentially resectable, mainly thoracic squamous cell (810/929 pts.) @entity418 . In three of the studies (440 pts.), resection alone was planned in the surgery arm, in three others induction chemoradiotherapy up to a total dose of 30-46 Gy followed by resection was scheduled (489 pts.). In the definitive radiation arms (+/-chemotherapy, conservative arm) total radiation doses of 45-71 Gy with differing fractionation schedules were planned. Summary hazard ratios for survival, loco-regional control and treatment related mortality were calculated from intent-to-treat data. Overall survival was equivalent between surgery and definitive chemoradiotherapy (hazard ratio (HR) 0.98 [95% CI 0.8-1.2, p=0.84]). There was a trend to more @entity5 related @entity204 in the definitive radiation+/-chemotherapy arms (HR 1.19 [0.98-1.44], p=0.07), predominantly due to a higher risk of loco-regional progression (HR 1.54 [1.2-1.98], p=0.0007) but treatment related mortality was lower in the conservative arms (HR 0.16 [0-0.89], p=0.001). Protocol compliance was better in the conservative arms. A high concurrent risk of distant metastases (HR 0.72 [0.52-1.01], p=0.06) worsens the @entity5 specific survival of the loco-regionally controlled, resected @entity1 with @entity1544 . The similar outcome in survival suggests that the safer approach of radiochemotherapy is a reasonable choice especially in comorbid @entity1 with @entity1721 .

title: Radiotherapy versus surgery within multimodality protocols for XXXX --a meta-analysis of the randomized trials.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Ranging behavior is an important element of how nonhuman primates obtain sufficient resources to ensure biological maintenance and reproductive success. As most primates live in permanent social groups, group members must balance the benefits of group living with the costs of intragroup competition for resources. One way to mitigate the cost of intragroup feeding competition is to increase foraging-related travel, thereby increasing the number of patches visited. As a result we might expect home range size to increase as a function of group size. On the other hand, for perennially territorial species, ranging behavior may be constrained by the ranging requirements of territorial defense or by the location of neighboring territories, which would result in long-term stability in the size and location of a group's home range. In this study, we examined changes in range-use characteristics in one well-habituated group of @entity32093 ( @entity32093 ) during three study periods over a 10-year span. Group size changed from five members, two adults, two juveniles, and one @entity1 , in 1994, to two adults in 2002, and to three adults and one sub-adult in 2004. Despite inter-annual changes in core area use we found that home range location was highly stable across years. Nevertheless, home range size was larger and daily path length significantly longer in 2002 relative to 1994 when a dependent @entity1 was present in the group. The percentage of time adults spent resting was also significantly greater in 1994 when the @entity1 was present. These findings highlight the importance of considering group composition, in addition to group size, when evaluating the determinants of ranging behavior. We also consider the influence of individual and shared knowledge on home range stability.

title: Long-term home range use in @entity32093 ( XXXX ) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

entities_list: @entity32093 :: ('9580', 'Species') :: ['Hylobates lar', 'white-handed gibbons']

answer: @entity32093 :: (9580,Species) :: ['Hylobates lar']