abstract: INTRODUCTION: To describe clinical features, complications, serotypes and antibiotic resistance in @entity2258 in our environment after the generalization of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine ( @entity1485 -7) in paediatrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of episodes of @entity2258 , with positive cultures in @entity1 treated in the emergency department from January 2006 to February 2010. RESULTS: We studied 346 episodes in 320 @entity1 , 335 belonged to 309 adult @entity1 , 221 (71.5%) males, median age 68 years (range 16-94), and 11 episodes to @entity1 <15 years. Two-hundred and thirty seven (68.5%) episodes were community acquired. @entity582 was present in 130 (37.6%) cases, with a tendency towards an increased risk in @entity1 < 65 years (OR=1.56, 95% CI 0.96- 2.56, P=.07). Thirteen (3.8%) @entity1 developed @entity3509 and 33 (9.5%) @entity326 . The mean age of @entity1 with @entity3509 was lower (P=.03). In the multivariate analysis were related to the presence of @entity582 : a history of chronic @entity1576 (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.25-0.81, P=.008), positive urinary antigen (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1 13-3.62, P=.01) and @entity1143 (OR=3.86, 95% CI 1.79-8.35, P=.001). Shock was associated with Fine IV-V stage (OR=23.6, 95% CI 4.96-112.82, P<.001), age < 65 years (OR=4.47, 95% CI 1.75-11.39, P=.002) and @entity1143 (OR=4.15, 95% CI 1.65 to 10.41, P=.002). Increased mortality risk was associated with presence of any complication (OR=6.6, 95% CI 1.5-27.2, P=.009) and specifically @entity326 (OR=3.3, 95% CI 1.06-10.3, P=.04). Most serotypes obtained were not included in the VNC-7. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2258 after generalisation of @entity1485 -7 is mainly related to non-vaccine serotypes. Younger @entity1 without @entity1576 are at increased risk of @entity582 , @entity3509 , and @entity326 , the latter being associated with a higher mortality.

title: [ XXXX in the era of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory disease']

entities_list: @entity2258 :: ('MESH:D011018', 'Disease') :: ['pneumococcal pneumonia', 'Pneumococcal pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity582 :: ('MESH:C531821', 'Disease') :: ['bacteraemia', 'Bacteraemia']

answer: @entity2258 :: (MESH:D011018,Disease) :: ['Pneumococcal pneumonia']


abstract: The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has recognized physiological actions in the nervous system and other tissues, but there is no documented evidence of GAL influencing normal or pathological bone metabolism. GAL expression, however, is upregulated in central and peripheral nerves following axotomy and is known to influence neural regeneration. Thus, severance of skeletal-associated nerves during @entity174 could similarly increase local GAL concentrations and thereby influence @entity174 healing. The initial aim of this study was therefore to identify the presence of GAL in normal bone and/or @entity174 by assessing the concentration and cellular localization of GAL in intact and/or @entity174 @entity35 rib, using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Groups of @entity35 (13 weeks old) had their left sixth ribs surgically @entity174 or underwent sham surgery and then calluses and nonfractured rib samples were analyzed at 1 and 2 weeks postsurgery (n = 5-6 per group). Low (basal) concentrations of GAL were detected in control ribs, whereas at 1 and 2 weeks postfracture, callus samples contained markedly increased levels of peptide ( approximately 32- and 18-fold increase, respectively, relative to controls; P < 0.01), revealing a strong upregulation during bone healing. Plasma GAL concentrations were also increased at 2 weeks postfracture (P < 0.005). In normal (nonfractured) rib, minimal levels of @entity3817 ( @entity3817 ) were present in cortical bone, periosteum, endosteum, and surrounding skeletal muscle. In costal cartilage plates, intense GAL- @entity3817 was present in all chondrocytes of the @entity1184 zone and in a population of chondrocytes in the reserve zone. GAL- @entity3817 was not present, however, in chondrocytes in the proliferative zone of costal cartilage or skeletal muscle fibers. In @entity174 , levels of GAL- @entity3817 were moderate to intense in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts, in some chondrocytes, and in cartilaginous, osseous, and periosteal matrices. Subsequent studies revealed the presence of @entity49975 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity49975 - @entity3817 ) in most cell types shown to contain GAL- @entity3817 , although the distribution of @entity49975 - @entity3817 was more extensive in reserve zone chondrocytes than that of GAL- @entity3817 ; and @entity49975 - @entity3817 also appeared in late proliferative zone chondrocytes of costal cartilage. In summary, GAL concentrations were significantly increased in @entity174 and plasma of @entity35 that underwent rib @entity174 . In addition, GAL- and @entity49975 - @entity3817 was also detected in specific cells and structures within costal cartilage, bone, and @entity174 . These results strongly implicate GAL in aspects of cartilage growth plate physiology and @entity174 repair, possibly acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion via @entity49975 .

title: Expression of galanin and XXXX in normal bone and during @entity174 repair in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractured', 'fracture callus', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity3817 :: ('MESH:C537505', 'Disease') :: ['LI', 'GAL-like immunoreactivity']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

answer: @entity49975 :: (50577(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['galanin receptor-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Identification of biomarkers used for the prognostic evaluation of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 is important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential prognostic value of @entity20319 , @entity11833 , @entity4735 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in completely resected @entity1149 @entity1 . In total, 130 @entity1 , surgically treated for @entity1149 between 2000 and 2012, were included. An analysis of SNPs from peripheral blood cells was performed by polymerase chain reaction. @entity20319 @entity20322 , @entity11833 @entity20315 , @entity4735 @entity20317 , and @entity876 @entity7820 polymorphisms were evaluated in conjunction with clinical and pathological parameters and survival. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were used. Median age rate was 59.3, ranging between 36 and 78  years. Median @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was found as 46.2  months. In those with @entity4735 CC allele, median @entity4557 was detected as 28.3  months (95  % confidence interval (CI), 20.8-35.8), 46.9  months in those with CT heterozygous (95  % CI, 18.6-75.2), and 80.1  months for those with TT mutant allel (95  % CI, 33.0-127.2). Median @entity4557 was seen to be longer in mutant group and also statistically significant (P   =   0.018). Additionally, upon evaluating CC normal group with CT   +   TT alleles including mutant alleles, median @entity4557 was found as 56.5  months (95  % CI, 24.6-88.4) in CT   +   TT group, and this was statistically significant (P   =   0.005) Also, median @entity4557 was 15.1  months in those including @entity4735 CC allele and 56.5  months in CT   +   TT allele in the group with no adjuvant treatment (P   =   0.001). In conclusion, our study showed that @entity4735 / @entity4735 polymorphism is an independent prognostic factor in operated @entity1149 @entity1 , and these findings should be supported with prospective studies.

title: Prognostic value of @entity11833 , XXXX , @entity20319 , and @entity876 single nucleotide polymorphisms in @entity1 with early-stage @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity4557 :: ('MESH:D012008', 'Disease') :: ['relapse-free survival duration', 'RFS']

entities_list: @entity20322 :: ('p|SUB|R|399|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg399Gln']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity20315 :: ('p|SUB|N|118|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Asn118Asn']

entities_list: @entity20317 :: ('p|SUB|K|751|Q', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Lys751Gln']

entities_list: @entity7820 :: ('p|SUB|R|72|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Arg72Pro']

answer: @entity4735 :: (2068,Gene) :: ['ERCC2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2967 ( @entity2967 ) is a benign intraventricular @entity5 , usually located near the foramen of Monro. It is almost always associated with @entity2916 ( @entity2916 ). SGCTs may obstruct cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pathways. Rarely, they may secrete a protein-rich exudate, causing communicating @entity1276 . Surgery is indicated for symptomatic lesions or growing asymptomatic lesions. The operative approach to @entity2967 has shifted from simple shunt placement to a more aggressive approach, leading to early attempts at gross total resection. Recently, the @entity3470 inhibitor @entity2239 has been approved for treating @entity2967 . In this article, we present two cases of recurrent shunt malfunctions in adult @entity2916 @entity1 with protein-secreting SGCTs. We describe the complexity of treating such @entity1 with an emphasis on the role @entity3470 inhibitors may have in their management. We also review the literature on surgical management of @entity2967 -related @entity1276 .

title: Persistent communicating @entity1276 in adult @entity2916 @entity1 : a possible therapeutic role for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2967 :: ('MESH:D005870', 'Disease') :: ['Subependymal giant cell tumor', 'SGCT']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis complex', 'TSC']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['everolimus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has established that direct and indirect forms of aggression differ in their association with gender and type of @entity458 . One purpose of the present study was to test if the same applies to direct and indirect victimization. A second purpose was to study these associations not only cross-sectionally (as in most previous research) but also longitudinally. A third purpose was to test the hypotheses that there are prospective bidirectional associations not only between victimization and @entity458 (which has been shown in previous research), but also between aggression and @entity458 , and that direct and indirect forms of aggression and victimization show different associations with different types of @entity458 . METHODS: The @entity1 were a community sample of all students in two grades of regular school in a Swedish municipality who answered questionnaires as part of a two-wave longitudinal study with a one-year interval. The @entity1 were 13-15 years old, and there were longitudinal data on 893 students, which represented 85% of all students. The cross-sectional associations were primarily tested by semi-partial correlations, and the longitudinal associations by hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: The results corroborated the meaningfulness of differentiating not only between direct and indirect aggression but also between direct and indirect victimization. @entity1 reported being more victim to direct aggression, whereas @entity1 reported being more victim to indirect aggression. Direct aggression predicted @entity713 in @entity1 , whereas indirect aggression predicted @entity713 in @entity1 , and conduct problems reciprocally predicted increased direct and indirect aggression. Indirect victimization showed prospective bidirectional associations with emotional symptoms and conduct problems, suggesting the potential development of vicious cycles of escalating problems in these areas. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that direct and indirect aggression, as well as direct and indirect victimization, may have different roles in the development of @entity458 in young adolescents. Further, the demonstration of prospective bidirectional associations points to a possible mechanism for the development of @entity458 , that may be described in terms of dynamical systems theory. This has potential relevance both for the prevention and the treatment of psychopathology.

title: Direct and indirect aggression and victimization in adolescents - associations with the development of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Boys', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['increased conduct problems']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological difficulties']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological difficulties']


abstract: RATIONALE: In @entity454 ( @entity454 ), a condition characterized by fluid overload, both @entity27 (OSA and @entity9472 ) are common. This observation suggests that fluid overload is involved in the pathogenesis of OSA and @entity9472 in this condition. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that fluid removal by ultrafiltration (UF) will reduce severity of OSA and @entity9472 in @entity1 with @entity454 . METHODS: At baseline, on a nondialysis day, @entity1 with @entity454 on thrice-weekly hemodialysis underwent overnight polysomnography along with measurement of total body extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), and ECFV of the neck, thorax, and right leg before and after sleep. The following week, on a nondialysis day, subjects with an @entity27 index (AHI) greater than or equal to 20 had fluid removed by UF, followed by repeat overnight polysomnography with fluid measurements. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 (10 @entity1 ) with an AHI greater than or equal to 20 (10 OSA; 5 @entity9472 ) participated. Mean age was 53.5        10.4 years and mean body mass index was 25.3        4.8 kg/m(2). Following removal of 2.17        0.45 L by UF, the AHI decreased by 36% (43.8        20.3 to 28.0        17.7; P   <   0.001) without affecting @entity5507 . The reduction in AHI correlated with the reduction in total body ECFV (r   =   0.567; P   =   0.027) and was associated with reductions in ECFV of the right leg (P   =   0.001), overnight change in ECFV of the right leg (P   =   0.044), ECFV of the thorax (P   =   0.001), and ECFV of the neck (P   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that fluid overload contributes to the pathogenesis of OSA and @entity9472 in @entity454 , and that fluid removal by UF attenuates sleep apnea without altering uremic status.

title: Effect of Ultrafiltration on Sleep Apnea and Sleep Structure in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive and central sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-Stage Renal Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of @entity15461 gene and b-glucuronidase activity on stone formation in @entity1 with @entity28739 ( @entity28739 ). METHODS: A total of 103 @entity1 with @entity28739 and 102 controls with no specific @entity1791 history were enrolled into the study. @entity28392 and @entity53389 polymorphisms of @entity15461 gene were analyzed with PCR method. Serum levels of @entity460 and @entity3151 and 24-h urine levels of b-glucuronidase activity, @entity460 and @entity3151 levels were measured biochemically. RESULTS: A total of 103 of @entity1 were male (50.2  %) and 102 were female (49.8  %) (p 0.945). Twenty-four-hour urine levels of @entity460 were significantly higher in @entity28739 group, whereas no difference was observed in @entity3151 levels (p  <  0.001, p 0.074, respectively). As for the @entity28392 polymorphism, type of GG was significantly higher in the @entity1 group compared to the controls (p  =  0.02), while GA genotype was significantly higher in the controls (p  =  0.001). There was no significant difference in @entity72275 and @entity53389 polymorphism between the @entity1 and control groups. b-glucuronidase activity was slightly lower in the @entity1 group without significance (p 0.932).When @entity1 with GG genotype and the rest were compared, there were no significant difference in all parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Any polymorphism altering the function of @entity15461 gene may result with stone formation. We found that there are more GG sequences of @entity28392 gene in @entity1 with @entity28739 . That may be a polymorphism of @entity15461 gene which results with stone formation. Further studies with more @entity1 should be accomplished which are combining the genetic and epigenetic factors associated with @entity1791 and @entity15461 gene to enlighten the etiology of this disease.

title: The impact of XXXX gene polymorphisms on @entity28739 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity28739 :: ('MESH:D014545', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract stone disease', 'UTSD']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity1791 :: ('MESH:D052878', 'Disease') :: ['urolithiasis']

answer: @entity15461 :: (9365,Gene) :: ['klotho']


abstract: Apoptosis is a key mechanism of the organism that regulates embryogenesis and development, maintains homeostasis of the immune system and removes potentially hazardous cells. A dysregulation of apoptosis signaling may thus disturb the balance of cell survival and cell death, leading to the development of several diseases including @entity5 . In order to determine whether @entity421 display an increased frequency of genetic alterations that affect apoptosis signaling, we analyzed the death domains of the death receptor genes @entity1197 /Fas/ @entity1197 , @entity10736 , @entity4106 / @entity4106 / @entity4106 /LARD/ @entity4106 , @entity3049 / @entity3049 / @entity3049 /KILLER, @entity25783 and the complete coding sequences of the death receptor gene @entity3048 / @entity3048 and the genes of the adaptors @entity45317 and @entity23903 / @entity23903 . The investigation included 15 @entity421 samples, 3 @entity421 cell lines (SAOS-2, @entity5187 and MG63) and peripheral blood from 20 donors as controls. We were able to identify 4 different sequence variations within the @entity3048 gene located on exons 3, 4, 5 and 10 (death-domain). No alterations have been detected in the other genes or exons investigated. Except the sequence variant affecting exon 4, the alterations were homozygous in 15% of the @entity5 samples and cell lines, whereas the same alterations found in the control group were heterozygous or even not detectable. Three out of 4 alterations are located in the receptor's extracellular @entity462 rich domain, which contains the ligand binding area and 1 on exon 10 coding for the death-domain. They may thus exert influence on ligand-receptor interactions and subsequent apoptosis induction. Our findings suggest that homozygous genetic alterations within the @entity3048 gene may be implicated in the formation of @entity421 .

title: Mutation analysis of the apoptotic "death-receptors" and the adaptors XXXX and @entity23903 / @entity23903 in @entity421 samples and @entity421 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity462 :: ('MESH:D003545', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas', 'osteosarcoma', 'osteosarcoma tumor']

answer: @entity45317 :: (8717,Gene) :: ['TRADD']


abstract: The @entity876 @entity5 suppressor, a central mediator of chemosensitivity in normal cells, is functionally inactivated in many @entity1 @entity5 . Therefore, a central challenge in @entity1 @entity5 therapy is the identification of pathways that control @entity5 cell survival and chemosensitivity in the absence of functional @entity876 . The @entity876 -related transcription factors @entity4206 and @entity9486 exhibit distinct functions   @entity9486 mediates chemosensitivity while @entity4206 promotes proliferation and cell survival   and are both overexpressed in @entity957 ( @entity957 ). However, how @entity4206 and @entity9486 interact functionally and govern the balance between prosurvival and proapoptotic programs in SCC remains elusive. Here, we identify a microRNA-dependent mechanism of @entity4206 / @entity9486 crosstalk that regulates @entity876 -independent survival of both @entity1 and @entity19 SCC. We first discovered that a subset of @entity4206 -regulated microRNAs target @entity9486 for inhibition. One of these, @entity73361 -5p, expression of which was repressed by @entity4206 , was activated by proapoptotic @entity9486 isoforms in both normal cells and @entity5 cells in vivo. Chemotherapy caused @entity4206 / @entity9486 -dependent induction of this microRNA, thereby limiting chemosensitivity due to microRNA-mediated feedback inhibition of @entity9486 . Importantly, inhibiting @entity73361 interrupted this feedback and thereby suppressed @entity5 cell viability and induced dramatic chemosensitivity both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, we have identified a direct, microRNA-dependent regulatory circuit mediating inducible chemoresistance, whose inhibition may provide a new therapeutic opportunity in @entity876 -deficient @entity5 .

title: A microRNA-dependent program controls XXXX -independent survival and chemosensitivity in @entity1 and @entity19 @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Insomnia is one of the most common complaints at worksites, as well as in the general population. This study aims to assess the effect of @entity22 on the development of @entity101 in Japanese male workers. Using the annual health examination database of a Japanese telecommunication company, eligible middle-aged male @entity1 in the 1994 health examination were followed up until 1998 or the development of @entity101 (either initiation of antihypertensive therapy or a systolic blood pressure > or = 140 mmHg and/or a diastolic blood pressure > or = 90 mmHg). The effect of difficulty initiating sleep (DIS) was assessed with a DIS dataset (n=4,794), which included non-DIS (n=4,602) and persistent-DIS (n=192) subjects. That of difficulty maintaining sleep ( @entity13337 ) was assessed with a @entity13337 dataset (n=4,443), which included non- @entity13337 (n=4,157) and persistent- @entity13337 (n=286) subjects. The incidence of @entity101 among persistent-DIS (40.1%; 130.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non-DIS (30.6%; 89.9 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr). The incidence of @entity101 among persistent- @entity13337 (42.3%; 136.7 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr) was significantly higher than that among non- @entity13337 (30.7%; 90.8 per 1,000 @entity1 -yr). After adjusting for potential confounding factors (i.e. age, body mass index, smoking, @entity167 drinking, and job stress), persistent complaints of DIS and @entity13337 were significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity101 (OR=1.96; 95%CI: 1.42-2.70 and OR=1.88; 95%CI: 1.45-2.45, respectively). Persistent @entity22 may be a useful predictor of @entity101 in Japanese male workers.

title: Persistent @entity22 is a predictor of XXXX in Japanese male workers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Wound healing is typically divided into 4 stages; disruption of any one of these stages can impair this process. This integrative review summarizes findings from key studies suggesting that @entity458 may exert a clinically relevant impact on wound healing. For example, stress has been shown to decrease levels of inflammatory mediators, prolonging the inflammatory stage of healing, and increasing overall healing time. @entity308 has also been linked with impeding wound healing. Hostility has also been correlated with decreased inflammatory mediators, conversely, effective communication has shown faster healing time. Compounding factors such as unhealthy behaviors are also linked to poor wound healing, such as decreased sleep, poor nutrition, reduced exercise, and increased @entity167 use. Clinical evidence suggests that @entity167 exposure can reduce angiogenesis. Limited sleep decreases @entity2124 secretion, resulting in decreased monocyte migration and activation of macrophages. @entity1131 can decrease capillary formation, collagen synthesis, and wound remodeling. Such evidence challenges clinicians to consider psychological factors when treating wound care @entity1 .

title: XXXX and its impact on wound healing: an integrative review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity1131 :: ('MESH:D011488', 'Disease') :: ['protein deficiency']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological distress']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['Psychological distress']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) is characterized by an abundant @entity2269 . We examined the prognostic value of stroma density and activity in @entity1 with resectable @entity1124 treated with surgery and adjuvant @entity136 -based chemotherapy. FFPE-tissue from the pancreatectomy of 145 @entity1 was immunohistochemically stained for @entity6175 - @entity1711 and Masson's trichrome to assess stroma density, and @entity1970 ( @entity1970 ) expression for activated pancreatic stellate cells. Their expression was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics as well as @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), progression-free survival (PFS), local progression-free survival (LPFS) and distant @entity3 free-survival (DMFS). After a mean follow-up of 20 months (range, 2-69 months), the median @entity1349 was 21 months and the 3-year @entity1349 was 35.7%. In multivariate analysis, highly-dense stroma was an independent prognostic parameter for @entity1349 (p = 0.001), PFS (p = 0.007), LPFS (p = 0.001) and DMFS (p = 0.002), while @entity1970 expression lacked significance. Interestingly, highly-dense stroma retained significance for the four clinical endpoints only in early (pT1-2) but not late (pT3-4) stage @entity5 . Additionally, late pT-stage (pT3-4), the presence of lymph node @entity3 (pN+ vs pN0), perineural/neural invasion and administration of adjuvant chemotherapy also correlated with prognosis in multivariate analysis. Altogether, stroma density constitutes an independent prognostic marker in @entity1124 @entity1 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings highlight the dynamic complexity of desmoplasia and indicate that highly-dense stroma is correlated with better outcome. Further validation of the prognostic value of stroma as a biomarker and its role in @entity1124 @entity1 after adjuvant chemotherapy is warranted and will be performed in a prospective study.

title: The prognostic role of XXXX in @entity1124 .

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma', 'PDAC']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2269 :: ('MESH:D058405', 'Disease') :: ['desmoplastic stroma']

entities_list: @entity1970 :: ('58', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-smooth muscle actin', 'aSMA']

entities_list: @entity6175 :: ('CHEBI:5601', 'Chemical') :: ['haematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2269 :: (MESH:D058405,Disease) :: ['desmoplastic stroma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pathogenesis related-10 (PR-10) proteins are present as multigene family in most of the higher plants. The role of PR-10 proteins in plant is poorly understood. A sequence analysis revealed that a large number of PR-10 proteins possess conserved motifs found in aldo/keto reductases (AKRs) of @entity375 and fungi. We took three PR-10 proteins, CaARP from @entity13474 , ABR17 from @entity3587 and the major pollen allergen Bet v1 from @entity575 birch as examples and showed that these purified recombinant proteins possessed AKR activity using various @entity137 @entity3125 including @entity14625 and @entity1234 as substrates and the reduced form of @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) as co-factor. Essential @entity3534 for this catalytic activity were identified by substitution with other @entity3534 . CaARP was able to discriminate between the reduced and oxidized forms of @entity1110 independently of its catalytic activity and underwent structural change upon binding with @entity1110 . CaARP protein was preferentially localized in cytosol. When expressed in bacteria, @entity375 or plant, catalytically active variants of CaARP conferred tolerance to salinity, oxidative stress or @entity137 @entity3125 . CaARP-expressing plants showed lower lipid peroxidation product content in presence or absence of stress suggesting that the protein functions as a scavenger of @entity137 @entity3125 produced by metabolism and lipid peroxidation. Our result proposes a new biochemical property of a PR-10 protein.

title: A pathogenesis related-10 protein CaARP functions as aldo/keto reductase to scavenge @entity137 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3534 :: ('MESH:D000596', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity14625 :: ('MESH:D011765', 'Chemical') :: ['methylglyoxal']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxic']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH', 'NADP']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity3125 :: ('MESH:D000447', 'Chemical') :: ['aldehydes']

answer: @entity3125 :: (MESH:D000447,Chemical) :: ['aldehydes']


abstract: Importance: Contact @entity566 to @entity16880 (MI) or to the combined formulation of @entity16881 and MI (MCI-MI) has increased significantly, with a frequency of as much as 11.1% in @entity1 with @entity1909 ; however, few cohort studies in the US population have been reported. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of contact @entity566 to MI and MCI-MI and the outcomes of @entity1 with positive patch test reactions to MI and MCI-MI. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Retrospective medical record review of all consecutive @entity1 (n   =   703) presenting with possible @entity3408 and subsequently undergoing patch testing at a tertiary referral center from January 1, 2012, through November 30, 2014. Patch testing used the North American @entity5526 Group standard series. The MCI-MI concentration was 100 ppm; the MI concentration in the screening series increased from 200 to 2000 ppm in January 2013. Demographic data, exposures, and outcomes were reported for @entity1 with positive patch test reactions to MI and/or MCI-MI. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2014, through January 31, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures: Positive patch test reaction to MI and/or MCI-MI and identification of the relevance of contact @entity566 to these preservatives. Follow-up after allergen avoidance was determined when available. Results: Of the 703 @entity1 who underwent patch testing, contact @entity566 to MI and/or MCI-MI occurred in 57 @entity1 (8.1%), with 35 reactions to MI only, 5 reactions to MCI-MI only, and 17 reactions to both. Prevalence of contact @entity566 to MI increased from 6 of 236 @entity1 (2.5%) in 2012 to 16 of 235 @entity1 (6.8%) in 2014. The most commonly affected sites were the hands and face. Contact @entity566 to MI and/or MCI-MI was occupationally related in 4 cases. Cosmetics, soaps and cleansers (including wet wipes), and hair care products accounted for all identified sources. Twenty-three @entity1 had follow-up data, and 17 of these (74%) improved with allergen avoidance. Conclusions and Relevance: The increasing prevalence of contact @entity566 to MI alone supports its addition to the standard series to identify cases missed by testing only for MCI-MI. Recent regulations by the European Commission have banned MCI-MI in all leave-on body products as of July 16, 2015. Currently recommended US regulations are less stringent; however, US regulatory agencies must act to ensure @entity1 safety.

title: Patch Testing for @entity16880 and @entity16881 - XXXX Contact Allergy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['Contact Dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity16880 :: ('MESH:C011506', 'Chemical') :: ['methylisothiazolinone']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity16881 :: ('MESH:C011421', 'Chemical') :: ['methylchloroisothiazolinone']

answer: @entity16880 :: (MESH:C011506,Chemical) :: ['Methylisothiazolinone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The septo-hippocampal cholinergic pathway has been implicated in epileptogenesis, and genetic factors influence the response to cholinergic agents, but limited data are available on cholinergic involvement in @entity285 withdrawal severity. Thus, the relationship between cholinergic activity and responsiveness and @entity285 withdrawal was investigated in a genetic animal model of @entity1068 withdrawal severity. METHODS: Cholinergic convulsant sensitivity was examined in @entity285 - @entity4024  ve Withdrawal @entity410 -Prone (WSP) and-Resistant (WSR) @entity19 . Animals were administered @entity1239 , @entity5402 , or @entity1339 via timed tail vein infusion, and the latencies to onset of @entity400 and clonus were recorded and converted to threshold dose. We also used microdialysis to measure basal and @entity972 -stimulated @entity934 ( @entity3451 ) release in the @entity4778 region of the hippocampus. @entity972 was applied by reverse dialysis twice, separated by 75 min. Hippocampal @entity3451 also was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity410 . RESULTS: Sensitivity to several @entity410 endpoints induced by @entity1239 , @entity5402 , and @entity1339 were significantly greater in WSR versus WSP @entity19 . In microdialysis experiments, the lines did not differ in basal release of @entity3451 , and 50 mM @entity10406 increased @entity3451 output in both lines of @entity19 . However, the increase in release of @entity3451 produced by the first application of @entity10406 was 2-fold higher in WSP versus WSR @entity19 . When hippocampal @entity3451 was measured during testing for handling-induced @entity410 , extracellular @entity3451 was significantly elevated (192%) in WSP @entity19 , but was nonsignificantly elevated (59%) in WSR @entity19 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that differences in cholinergic activity and postsynaptic sensitivity to cholinergic @entity410 may be associated with @entity1068 withdrawal severity and implicate cholinergic mechanisms in @entity285 withdrawal. Specifically, WSP @entity19 may have lower sensitivity to cholinergic @entity410 compared with WSR because of postsynaptic receptor desensitization brought on by higher activity of cholinergic neurons.

title: The relationship between hippocampal @entity934 release and cholinergic convulsant sensitivity in withdrawal XXXX -prone and withdrawal @entity410 -resistant selected @entity19 lines.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsants', 'Seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotine']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium', 'potassium']

entities_list: @entity1339 :: ('MESH:D009388', 'Chemical') :: ['neostigmine']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mortality outcomes of @entity242 in a large cohort compared with @entity1544 . METHODS: @entity1 with primary invasive @entity242 , @entity957 , and @entity420 diagnosed between 1988 and 2010 were identified within the National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Parametric and nonparametric methods were used to compare the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 among the three @entity5 types as well as between @entity242 histologic subtypes. Overall and @entity5 -specific mortality outcomes were examined using Kaplan-Meier and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The final cohort consisted of 3,121 @entity1 with @entity957 , 720 @entity1 with @entity420 , and 221 @entity1 with @entity242 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity957 and @entity420 , @entity1 diagnosed with @entity242 tended to be younger, have @entity5 with less regional extension and lymph node positivity, and be treated primarily with surgery without radiation. In unadjusted analysis, 5-year mortality rates border 30% for all three histologies. After adjusting for other prognostic factors including use of radiation and surgery, @entity1 with @entity242 had a 69% greater risk of @entity5 -related mortality compared with @entity1 with @entity957 (hazard ratio 1.69, 95% confidence interval 1.26-2.26). Although @entity242 histology failed to associate with mortality risk, age, @entity5 extension and @entity3 , and surgery were poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Primary @entity242 are @entity146 with different presenting characteristics and increased adjusted risk of mortality compared with squamous cell and @entity420 subtypes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.

title: Comparing mortality of @entity242 , XXXX , and @entity420 in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'vaginal sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'larger tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal squamous cell and adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: To elucidate the features of the @entity1355 fibers contributing to the induction of @entity1 @entity3620 , we used high-resolution analytical electron microscopy to determine the type, number, and dimensions of @entity1355 fibers in lung and mesothelial tissues in 168 cases of @entity2615 . RESULTS: 1. Asbestos fibers were present in almost all of the lung and mesothelial tissues from the @entity2615 cases. 2. The most common types of @entity1355 fibers in lung were either an admixture of chrysotile with amphiboles, amphibole alone, and occasionally chrysotile alone. In mesothelial tissues, most @entity1355 fibers were chrysotile. 3. In lung, amosite fibers were greatest in number followed by chrysotile, @entity17110 , @entity25832 / @entity72316 , and @entity27950 . In mesothelial tissues, chrysotile fibers were 30.3 times more common than amphiboles. 4. In some @entity2615 cases, the only @entity1355 fibers detected in either lung or mesothelial tissue were chrysotile fibers. 5. The average number of @entity1355 fibers in both lung and mesothelial tissues was two orders of magnitude greater than the number found in the general population. 6. The majority of @entity1355 fibers in lung and mesothelial tissues were shorter than 5 micro m in length. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Fiber analysis of both lung and mesothelial tissues must be done to determine the types of @entity1355 fibers associated with the induction of @entity1 @entity3620 ; 2) short, thin @entity1355 fibers should be included in the list of fiber types contributing to the induction of @entity1 @entity3620 ; 3) RESULTS support the induction of @entity1 @entity3620 by chrysotile.

title: Asbestos fibers contributing to the induction of @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity25832 :: ('MESH:C005846', 'Chemical') :: ['tremolite']

entities_list: @entity27950 :: ('MESH:C025965', 'Chemical') :: ['anthophyllite']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity72316 :: ('MESH:C036431', 'Chemical') :: ['actinolite']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity17110 :: ('MESH:D017638', 'Chemical') :: ['crocidolite']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['malignant mesothelioma']


abstract: When @entity1426 (AA) was given to a @entity95 which was previously heparinized, its arterial pressure began to fall. Indomethacin erased this vasodepressive power without modifying the sensitivity of the cardiovascular apparatus to @entity2918 . Thus, it seems to depend on the biosynthesis of the @entity2918 . This @entity551 action is used as an indication of natural factors which modify the biosynthesis of @entity2918 in living subjects. @entity2340 was used on 8 male @entity95 who had been fed normally, weighing 2.3-2.8 kg. The standard dose of .12 mg/kg of AA was injected in 80 seconds. 3 experiments were done without heparin, using a manometer in which the liquid had been made incoaguable by @entity1792 . With 5 others, after injection of AA, the isotonic liquid with @entity1792 was replaced by a manometer with heparin (20 mg/kg of heparin to avoid reabsorption of @entity1792 during @entity551 ). Several injections of AA were given until a constant @entity551 action resulted; then 4 mg/kg of @entity2340 were given and 10 minutes later, a new injection of AA. The results were: 1) With .12 mg/kg there was no @entity551 effect in the @entity95 without heparin. 2) A previous treatment with 4 mg/kg of @entity2340 achieved a fall of 5-15%. 3) In heparinized @entity95 , after AA injections, there were falls of pressure which intensified and attained 25% 40 minutes after the heparin injection. 4) The injection of @entity2340 obtained @entity551 of 45-50% in 5 @entity95 . It is concluded that in @entity95 @entity2340 is an activator of the biosynthesis of @entity2918 .

title: [Proceedings: Influence of @entity2340 on the @entity551 effect of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['Tryptophan', 'tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotensions', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Neoplastic cells accumulate @entity1760 , an event which provides selective advantages and is frequently associated with @entity46756 overexpression. Little is known about @entity1760 homeostasis in @entity5 cells. Therefore, we used the @entity694 LoVo cell model and compared @entity632 -resistant to sensitive cells. In resistant cells the concentration of total @entity1760 is higher while its influx capacity is lower than in sensitive cells. Accordingly, resistant cells express lower amounts of the @entity31566 and 7, both involved in @entity1760 transport. While decreased @entity31566 levels are due to transcriptional regulation, post-transcriptional events are involved in reducing the amounts of @entity46756 . Indeed, the calpain inhibitor @entity46404 markedly increases the levels of @entity46756 in resistant cells. In @entity632 -sensitive cells, silencing @entity46756 shifts the phenotype to one more similar to resistant cells, since in these cells silencing @entity46756 significantly decreases the influx of @entity1760 , increases its intracellular concentration and increases resistance to @entity632 . On the other hand, calpain inhibition upregulates @entity46756 , decreases intracellular @entity1760 and enhances the sensitivity to @entity632 of resistant LoVo cells. We conclude that in LoVo cells drug resistance is associated with alteration of @entity1760 homeostasis through modulation of @entity46756 . Our data suggest that @entity46756 expression may be an additional undisclosed player in chemoresistance.

title: @entity1760 homeostasis in @entity694 LoVo cells sensitive or resistant to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity46404 :: ('MESH:C071482', 'Chemical') :: ['calpeptin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['drug-resistant cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['doxorubicin']


abstract: Marburg @entity778 is a lethal @entity7593 for which no licensed vaccines or therapeutics are available. Development of appropriate medical countermeasures requires a thorough understanding of the interaction between the host and the pathogen and the resulting disease course. In this study, 15 @entity2608 were sequentially sacrificed following aerosol exposure to the @entity37237 , with longitudinal changes in physiology, immunology, and histopathology used to assess disease progression. Immunohistochemical evidence of @entity281 and resulting histopathological changes were identified as early as day 3 postexposure (p.e.). The appearance of fever in infected animals coincided with the detection of serum @entity646 and plasma viral genomes on day 4 p.e. High (>10(7) PFU/ml) viral loads were detected in all major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, brain, etc.) beginning day 6 p.e. Clinical pathology findings @entity1003 , @entity491 , and profound liver destruction as indicated by elevated liver transaminases, @entity2629 , and @entity4988 . Altered cytokine expression in response to @entity281 included early increases in Th2 cytokines such as @entity57330 ( @entity57330 ) and @entity73252 and late-stage increases in Th1 cytokines such as @entity36224 , @entity51338 , and @entity54773 ( @entity54773 ). This study provides a longitudinal examination of clinical disease of aerosol MARV @entity281 in the @entity2608 model. IMPORTANCE: In this study, we carefully analyzed the timeline of Marburg virus @entity281 in nonhuman primates in order to provide a well-characterized model of disease progression following aerosol exposure.

title: Temporal Characterization of Marburg XXXX following Aerosol Challenge in @entity2608 .

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['virus (MARV) infection']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity37237 :: ('MESH:D008379', 'Disease') :: ['MARV variant Angola']

entities_list: @entity7593 :: ('MESH:D006478', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity54773 :: ('574371(Tax:9544)', 'Gene') :: ['GM-CSF', 'granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['included coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Angola infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus macaque', 'rhesus macaques']

entities_list: @entity491 :: ('MESH:D007964', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytosis']

answer: @entity778 :: (MESH:D015658,Disease) :: ['Virus Angola Infection']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The environment within the spinal cord after injury, which changes in the progression from the acute to chronic stages, limits the extent of regeneration. The delivery of inductive factors to promote regeneration following spinal @entity1566 has been promising, yet, few strategies are versatile to allow delivery during acute or chronic injury that would facilitate screening of candidate therapies. This report investigates the intrathecal delivery of lentiviruses for long-term expression of regenerative factors. Lentivirus-filled sponges were inserted into the intrathecal space surrounding the spinal cord, with transgene expression observed within multiple cell types that persists for 12weeks for both intact and injured spinal cord, without any apparent damage to the spinal cord tissue. Sponges loaded with lentivirus encoding for @entity4851 ( @entity4851 ) were investigated for acute (delivered at 0weeks) and chronic (at 4weeks) injuries, and for multiple locations relative to the injury. In an acute model, sponges placed directly above the injury increased oligodendrocyte and decreased astrocyte presence. Sponges placed caudal to the injury had reduced impact on oligodendrocytes and astrocytes in the injury. In a chronic model, sponges increased oligodendrocyte and decreased astrocyte presence. Furthermore, the effect of @entity4851 was shown to be mediated in part by reduction of @entity6861 signaling, monitored with an @entity21506 -sensitive reporter vector. The implantation of lentivirus-loaded biomaterials intrathecally provides the opportunity to induce the expression of a factor at a specified time without entering the spinal cord, and has the potential to promote gene delivery within the spinal cord, which can influence the extent of regeneration.

title: Sponge-mediated lentivirus delivery to acute and chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injuries']


abstract: The ability of @entity2449 (MF) to acutely relax @entity2647 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity35 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity972 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity2472 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity2472 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity973 ( @entity974 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity855 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity460 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity855 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity2472 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: @entity973 antagonizes the acute relaxant action of XXXX on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, the incidence of genital and urinary tract (GU) injuries in major conflicts has been approximately 5%. To mitigate the risk of @entity3614 to the external genitalia, the United States and United Kingdom issued protective overgarments and undergarments to troops deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. These two systems combined constitute the @entity530 ( @entity4875 ). Our hypothesis was that @entity4875 use is associated with a reduction of @entity5450 in subjects exposed to dismounted improvised explosive device @entity3614 . METHODS: We identified two groups for comparison: those who were confirmed to have worn the @entity4875 at time of injury (n = 58) and a historical control group who were confirmed as not wearing the @entity4875 ( @entity4875 ) (n = 61). @entity1 with any level of lower extremity amputation from dismounted improvised explosive device blast mechanism were included. The primary outcome measure was presence of a @entity5450 on admission. A univariate analysis assessing the strength of association with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals was performed between the @entity4875 and @entity4875 groups. RESULTS: Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the @entity4875 versus the @entity4875 group (26.1 vs. 19.3, p = 0.0012). Overall, 31% of the @entity1 in the @entity4875 group sustained at least one @entity5450 versus 62.3% in the @entity4875 group. The odds ratio of sustaining a @entity5450 in the @entity4875 group as compared with the @entity4875 group is 0.28 (31% vs. 62.3%; 95 % confidence interval, 0.62-0.12; p < 0.001). The most frequent injures were open scrotal/testes wounds, followed by open penis, and open bladder/urethra injuries. CONCLUSION: The use of the @entity4875 is associated with a decreased odds ratio of @entity5450 . Despite a 31% absolute reduction, future work should focus on improved efficiency. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV; therapeutic study, level V.

title: Effectiveness of the combat XXXX in the prevention of genital and urinary tract injuries: An observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3614 :: ('MESH:D001753', 'Disease') :: ['blast injury', 'blast injuries']

entities_list: @entity5450 :: ('MESH:D014570', 'Disease') :: ['GU injury', 'GU injuries']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic protection system']

answer: @entity530 :: (MESH:D010386,Disease) :: ['pelvic protection system']


abstract: DNA vaccine has become an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific immunity. Targeting antigens to FcRs for IgG (FcgammaRs) on dendritic cells (DCs) has been demonstrated to enhance antigen presentation. @entity13385 ( @entity13385 ) has been shown to increase immune responses not only by promoting coclustering of T cells and DCs in the lymph nodes and spleen but also by regulating their immunogenic potential for the induction of T cell responses. In this study, using @entity1799 E7 as a model antigen, we constructed a chemotactic-antigen plasmid DNA vaccine (pSLC-E7-Fc) by linking @entity13385 and Fc gene sequences to each end of E7 and evaluated its potency of eliciting specific immune response. We found that immunization with pSLC-E7-Fc generated much stronger E7-specific lymphocyte proliferative and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses than control DNA. All the @entity19 receiving pSLC-E7-Fc prophylactic vaccination remained @entity5 free upon subcutaneous inoculation of @entity19 cells, while those given control DNA all developed @entity5 . These @entity5 -free @entity19 were also protected against TC-1 rechallenge. Complete @entity5 regression with long-term survival occurred in 72% of @entity19 given pSLC-E7-Fc as therapeutic vaccination. In experimental lung metastasis model wherein @entity19 cells were intravenously injected, therapeutic vaccination with pSLC-E7-Fc significantly reduced the number of @entity5 nodules in the lung. In vivo depletion with antibodies against CD4+or CD8+ T cells both resulted in complete abrogation of the pSLC-E7-Fc-induced immunotherapeutic effect. Our data indicate that the DNA vaccine constructed by the fusion of @entity13385 and IgG Fc fragment genes to antigen-coding gene is an effective approach to induce potent anti- @entity5 immune response via both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells dependent pathways.

title: Enhancement of DNA vaccine potency by sandwiching antigen-coding gene between XXXX ( @entity13385 ) and IgG Fc fragment genes.

entities_list: @entity13385 :: ('18829(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['SLC', 'Secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity13385 :: (18829(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the one-year mortality and incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) post-hospital discharge or ED release for @entity1 with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 . METHODS: A prospective, observational study of an inception cohort of consecutive @entity1 who presented to one of four municipal hospital EDs with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 . @entity1 were followed for one year from the end of the enrollment period. Main outcome parameters were the one-year actuarial survival and the frequency of nonfatal @entity583 . RESULTS: Mortality data were available for all 203 @entity1 at a mean of 408 days. Additional clinical information was available for 185 @entity1 (91%). There were six deaths (one-year actuarial survival 98%; 95% CI, 95-100%); none from @entity583 . Nonfatal @entity583 occurred in two @entity1 (1%; 95% CI, 0-2%). Continued @entity2072 use was common (60%; 95% CI, 52-68%) and was associated with recurrent @entity662 (75% vs 31%, p < 0.0001). No @entity583 or @entity204 was reported for @entity1 who claimed to have ceased @entity2072 use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who presented with @entity2072 -associated @entity662 commonly continued to use @entity2072 after discharge. Urgent evaluation of coronary anatomy or cardiac stress tests may not be necessary for @entity1 for whom @entity583 is ruled out and who do not have recurrent potentially @entity158 . The subsequent risk for @entity583 and @entity204 in this group appears to be low. Intervention strategies should emphasize cessation of @entity2072 use.

title: @entity2072 -associated XXXX : one-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic pain']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: In adults untreated @entity66 ( @entity66 ) is associated with a wide variety of malignant complications. The overall mortality in @entity66 is approximately twice that of the general population. The excess @entity204 are due mainly to @entity706 . In Europe, only 26 cases of @entity66 and @entity5 in @entity1 have been published. There is evidence that @entity5 and @entity66 in @entity1 are underreported. We report a case of @entity3969 in a @entity1 who developed @entity66 . As a neonate the @entity1 had been successfully operated for @entity12878 . Gluten was introduced in his diet at age of 12 months. He developed @entity391 , @entity1661 . Up to the age of 16 months he had lost 1500 g and @entity3935 was diagnosed (IgAEMA titre 1:50 and in the duodenal biopsy specimen there was crypt hyperplastic total @entity194 ). Symptoms improved rapidly when gluten-free diet was initiated, and 4 years later, clinical and serological findings were normal. @entity3969 accounts for 6% to 7% of all childhood @entity5 . There are no reports in MEDLINE about @entity66 in @entity1 who have been operated for the @entity5 . This seemed intriguing because prevalence of @entity1593 calculated for Europe varies between 1/100 and 1/300.

title: [Cancer in @entity1 with celiac disease. @entity1593 in a XXXX operated for @entity3969 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac crisis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancer', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['gluten-sensitive enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distention ad hypertransaminosaemia']

entities_list: @entity12878 :: ('MESH:D018201', 'Disease') :: ['congenital mesoblastic nephroma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['villous atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['boy']


abstract: @entity291 @entity378 in the United States has proven costly to @entity291 producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of @entity378 , in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon ( @entity12028 ), @entity842 (NO), and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity17299 ) responses by blood mononuclear cells from @entity2497 -infected @entity291 were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of @entity281 , two doses of each of two strains of @entity2499 (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of @entity12028 , NO, and @entity17299 responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in @entity12028 or @entity17299 , were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 h, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of @entity2499 organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, @entity12028 , NO, and @entity17299 responses in antigen-stimulated cells from @entity291 receiving 10(5) CFU of @entity2499 organisms were greater than responses of cells from @entity291 infected with 10(3) CFU of @entity2499 organisms. The NO response, but not the @entity12028 and @entity17299 responses, was influenced by infective strains of @entity2499 . The @entity17299 , NO, and @entity12028 responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and @entity17299 , like @entity12028 , may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of @entity291 @entity378 .

title: Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon, XXXX , and @entity5 necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity2497 -infected @entity291 .

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity291 :: ('9913', 'Species') :: ['cattle', 'bovine', 'Bovine']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pediatric @entity341 ( @entity341 ) visits over 5 years, trends in @entity130 , and associations between injury-related @entity341 visit outcome and @entity1 and community-level sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of administrative data provided to the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network Core Data Project, 2004-2008. Home addresses were geocoded to determine census block group and associated sociodemographic characteristics. Maximum Abbreviated Injury Scale severity and Severity Classification System scores were calculated. Generalized estimating equations were used to test for associations between sociodemographic characteristics and admission or transfer among injury-related @entity341 visits. RESULTS: Overall @entity341 visits and @entity130 increased from 2004 to 2008 at study sites. Of 2,833676 successfully geocoded visits, 700,821 (24.7%) were injury-related. The proportion of higher severity @entity130 remained consistent. Nearly 10% of @entity130 resulted in admission or transfer each year. After adjusting for age, sex, payer, and @entity130 , odds of admission or transfer were lower among minority @entity1 and @entity1 from areas with moderate and high prevalence of poverty. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric injury-related @entity341 visits to included sites increased over the study period while @entity130 , anticipated resource utilization, and visit outcomes remained stable, with low rates of admission or transfer. Sociodemographic differences in @entity130 and @entity341 disposition were apparent. @entity341 -based injury surveillance is essential to understand disparities, inform targets for prevention programs, and reduce the overall burden of @entity130 .

title: XXXX - and Community-Level Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated with Emergency Department Visits for @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury-related visits', 'childhood injuries', 'injury severity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Three groups of five @entity6599 were vaccinated in Kenya using three doses of 10,000 viable cryopreserved schistosomula attenuated with either 10, 20 or 60 krad 60Co-irradiation prepared in England. Animals were vaccinated at four-week intervals, challenged after a further six weeks with 2,000 cercariae and perfused at 10 weeks after challenge. High antibody titres to schistosomula mediating in vitro cytoadherence with @entity19 macrophage-like cells were demonstrated in all vaccinated animals but not in controls. Significant titres to soluble egg antigen (SEA) were also demonstrated by ELISA in the 10 and 20 krad vaccinated groups following the first vaccination. The subsequent vaccinations and the challenge boosted this response considerably. Mean anti-SEA titres were only elevated above background in the 60-krad group six weeks after the third vaccination and in the challenge controls six weeks after challenge. Peripheral eosinophil counts were slightly reduced and neutrophil counts slightly elevated before challenge while eosinophil and erythrocyte counts were elevated and neutrophil counts @entity308 after challenge. @entity1485 values were erratic in all groups. Eggs appeared in the faeces from six weeks after challenge and excretion rates were higher in all three vaccinated groups than in the challenge controls by necropsy 10 weeks after challenge. Body-weights were @entity308 in all groups after challenge but subsequently rose in the 10 and 20 krad groups. The 60 krad and challenge control groups lost 12.4% and 7.9% of body-weight respectively after challenge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Partial protection of XXXX against Schistosoma mansoni using radiation-attenuated cryopreserved schistosomula.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

answer: @entity6599 :: (9557,Species) :: ['baboons']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of knee effusion on the quadriceps muscle in @entity1 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). DESIGN: Single-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Single medical center. @entity1 : Forty subjects with knee @entity571 were assigned to a experimental (n  =  20) or control (n  =  20) group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Quadriceps torque and root mean square (RMS) values of surface electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were measured during a maximal isometric contraction at 60   knee flexion. Thereafter, 20  mL of normal saline was injected into the knee joint of the experimental group. Quadriceps torque and RMS values were again measured. RESULTS: Five subjects did not complete the study. No significant difference in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity was observed at baseline, pre-effusion, or post-effusion measures in either group. The experimental group showed no significant change in quadriceps peak torque or RMS of EMG activity in any period compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a 20  ml joint effusion did not affect peak torque or RMS values of the quadriceps muscle in @entity1 with knee @entity571 .

title: Effects of joint effusion on quadriceps muscles in XXXX with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Pancreatic @entity730 are virtually pathognomonic of chronic @entity788 and develop in up to 90% of @entity1 with @entity8883 in series with long-term results. We investigated the natural course of pancreatic @entity730 in a prospective longitudinal study over the past 23 yr. All @entity1 were studied at regular intervals with particular regard to etiology, clinical findings, surgery, pancreatic function, and pancreatic @entity730 visible by x-ray (e.g., film series in three projections centered on the pancreas). We evaluated the findings of 107 @entity1 with x-ray documentation of pancreatic @entity730 in at least three film series over a period of 4 yr or longer. Eighty-four @entity1 had @entity8883 (group A) and 23 @entity1 had @entity1689 (group B). Four hundred seventy-two film series of group A and one hundred forty-two film series of group B were reviewed independently by two expert teams. Both series were graded according to a score system in terms of intensity and distribution of pancreatic @entity730 (correlation of grading r = 0.91). The duration of @entity730 averaged 10 yr in group A and 12.6 yr in group B. Similar dynamic changes of pancreatic @entity730 were noted in groups A and B. Chronologically, three phases of evolution could be distinguished. After an initial increase (phase 1), greater than 50% of cases reached a plateau of stationary @entity730 (phase 2). Approximately one-third of cases showed a marked decrease of @entity730 in late phases of chronic @entity788 (phase 3). Dissolution of pancreatic stones was related primarily to duration of chronic @entity788 (duration of @entity730 and marked @entity660 ), and occurred frequently (but not exclusively) in @entity1 after ductal drainage procedures. These results indicate that spontaneous dissolution of pancreatic stones is a rather common biologic phenomenon. The factors responsible for dissolution of stones remain to be elucidated.

title: Evolution and regression of pancreatic calcification in chronic pancreatitis. A prospective long-term study of 107 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification', 'calcifications']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity1 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity298 ( @entity298 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity1 with @entity454 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity298 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity23 ( @entity23 ) or quasi- @entity23 comparing @entity298 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity23 or quasi- @entity23 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity298 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity454 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity23 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['Randomised controlled trials', 'RCTs']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis', 'CAPD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['end-stage renal disease']


abstract: A mixture of 3 MAbs directed against 3 different @entity787 epitopes was radiolabelled with 131I and used for the treatment of a @entity1 @entity694 transplanted s.c. into @entity19 . Intact MAbs and F(ab')2 fragments were mixed because it had been shown by autoradiography that these 2 antibody forms can penetrate into different areas of the @entity5 nodule. Ten days after transplantation of @entity694 T380 a single dose of 600 microCi of 131I MAbs was injected i.v. The @entity5 grafts were well established (as evidenced by exponential growth in untreated @entity19 ) and their size continued to increase up to 6 days after radiolabelled antibody injection. @entity5 shrinking was then observed lasting for 4-12 weeks. In a control group injected with 600 microCi of 131I coupled to irrelevant monoclonal IgG, @entity5 growth was delayed, but no regression was observed. @entity5 of @entity19 injected with the corresponding amount of unlabelled antibodies grew like those of untreated @entity19 . Based on measurements of the effective whole-body half-life of injected 131I, the mean radiation dose received by the animals was calculated to be 382 rads for the antibody group and 478 rads for the normal IgG controls. The genetically immunodeficient animals exhibited no increase in mortality, and only limited bone-marrow @entity137 was observed. Direct measurement of radioactivity in @entity19 dissected 1, 3 and 7 days after 131I-MAb injection showed that 25, 7.2 and 2.2% of injected dose were recovered per gram of @entity5 , the mean radiation dose delivered to the @entity5 being thus more than 5,000 rads. These experiments show that therapeutic doses of radioactivity can be selectively directed to @entity1 @entity694 by i.v. injection of 131I-labelled anti- @entity787 MAbs.

title: Radioimmunotherapy of @entity1 @entity694 by 131I-labelled monoclonal anti- XXXX antibodies in a nude @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumor', 'colon carcinoma']

answer: @entity787 :: (1084,Gene) :: ['CEA']


abstract: Ventricular mural @entity439 especially in the left ventricle represent an increased risk for life-threatening @entity943 . We present a case of @entity1165 originating from an inferobasal @entity1002 . A 25-year-old male @entity1 presented with complaints of palpitation, @entity1353 , and dizziness of two-hour onset. The electrocardiogram showed wide-QRS @entity591 at which time his blood pressure was 80/40 mmHg. The @entity1 suddenly developed @entity891 and @entity1165 was diagnosed on the monitor, and he returned to sinus rhythm following successful cardioversion. He remained stable during hospitalization. The electrocardiogram was in sinus rhythm with @entity714 and small Q waves in inferior leads. He had an eight-year history of surgery for @entity1757 closure, during which a @entity439 was detected but left untreated. Echocardiographic examination showed a @entity910 aneurysmal region extending from the inferobasal segment to the posterior wall of the left ventricle. Coronary arteries were normal on angiography, and ventriculography confirmed the @entity439 . Electrophysiologic study was recommended, but the @entity1 refused any treatment. He remained asymptomatic during 18 months of follow-up.

title: [ @entity1165 caused by a @entity1002 in a XXXX with previous surgery for @entity1757 ].

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['breathlessness']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['right bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinetic']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'ventricular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular aneurysm']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Great variability in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) treatment practices according to @entity1 , @entity5 or organisation of care characteristics has been reported but the relation between these factors is not well known. In two French regions, we measured compliance with Clinical Practice Guidelines for non-metastatic @entity0 care management and identified factors associated with non-compliance at clinical and organisational levels. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had invasive unilateral @entity0 without distant metastases and at least two contacts with one of the two regional healthcare systems (2003-2004) in the first year after diagnosis. Medical data were collected from @entity1 medical records in all public and private hospitals (99 hospitals).The care process was defined by 20 criteria: clinical decisions for treatment and therapeutic procedures. Each criterion was classified according to level of compliance ("Compliant", "Justifiable" and "Not Compliant") and factors of non-compliance were identified (mixed effect logistic regression). RESULTS: 926 @entity1 were included. Non-compliance with clinical decisions for treatment was associated with older @entity1 age (OR 2.1; 95%CI: 1.3-3.6) and region (OR 3.0; 95%CI: 1.2-7.4). Non-compliance with clinical decisions for radiotherapy was associated with lymph node involvement or the presence of peritumoural vascular invasion (OR 1.5; 95%CI: 1.01-2.3) and non-compliance with overall treatment (clinical decisions for treatment + therapeutic procedures) was associated with the presence of positive lymph nodes (OR 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2-3.3), grade III versus grade I (OR 2.9; 95%CI: 1.4-6.2), and one region of care versus another (OR 3.5; 95%CI: 1.7-7.1). Finally, heterogeneity of compliance in overall treatment sequence was identified between @entity5 units (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides interesting insights into factors of non-compliance in non-metastatic @entity0 management and could lead to quality care improvements.

title: XXXX care compared with clinical Guidelines: an observational study in France.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although both radiation therapy and chemotherapy are frequently used to treat @entity788 ( @entity788 ) @entity1 , the role of radiation therapy remains controversial with data evaluating its efficacy mostly derived from small randomized trials. In this study, we evaluate the survival benefit of radiation therapy using SEER dataset in @entity1 with @entity788 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SEER Registry dataset from 2004 to 2011 was queried to identify @entity788 (TNM stage III) @entity1 . @entity1 with survival <2 months, unknown radiation status, or who received postoperative radiation were excluded. Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors related to survival were performed using a Cox proportional hazard-regression model. Propensity scores were estimated using probit regression. RESULTS: Our search identified 4460 @entity1 ; 59% who received radiation and 41% who did not. Radiation group @entity1 were younger (below 65 y old: 49% vs. 38%), had smaller @entity5 size (largest dimension <4.5 cm: 80% vs. 75%), less lymph node involvement (33% vs. 36%), and lower rate of surgical resection (4% vs. 9%). @entity1 who received radiation therapy had better survival (HR=0.773; 95% CI, 0.687-0.782). The 12-month overall survival in the radiation group and nonradiation group was 43% versus 29%, respectively (P<0.001). On multivariate analyses, radiation was independently associated with improved outcomes. The survival benefit with radiation was observed in propensity score-matched cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy was associated with improved survival. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. The optimal schedule and radiation type remain undetermined.

title: Use of Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced XXXX Improves Survival: A SEER Database Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['locally advanced pancreatic cancer', 'LAPC']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: 24 @entity1 (median age 71.5 years) with inoperable proximal @entity5 were treated by insertion of endoscopic endoprostheses from January 1991 to August 1994. 10 @entity1 had @entity1086 , 6 @entity5 of body or tail of pancreas, 5 @entity201 and 3 other metastatic malignancy, respectively. 13 @entity1 had type I, 10 had type II and 1 had @entity1125 (Bismuth classification). @entity432 or dislocation required a secondary stent insertion in 9 @entity1 . In all cases there was adequate biliary drainage after stent insertion. Complications were: early @entity255 developed in 2 @entity1 , late @entity255 in 5, stent dislocation in 3. One @entity1 underwent an operation because of necrotising @entity2679 and @entity733 . There was no bleeding, retroperitoneal perforation or @entity788 . 18 @entity1 died (median survival time 28 weeks) and 6 have been alive at the time of review for 15 weeks in average. Endoscopic stent insertion can be applied effectively also in the palliative treatment of proximal @entity5 .

title: [Palliative endoscopic treatment of proximal XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignant biliary obstruction']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['subhepatic abscess']

entities_list: @entity1086 :: ('MESH:D005706', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Stent occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['type III proximal biliary stenosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['malignant biliary stenosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity955 ( @entity3257 ) is an important risk factor for @entity63 ( @entity63 ). However, little is known about the characteristics of @entity63 @entity1 with @entity3257 . This study investigated the characteristics of such @entity1 , using data from a retrospective, observational, multicenter study. METHODS: @entity63 @entity1 admitted to 13 @entity64 centers in Japan within 7 days of onset between January 2008 and December 2009 were included. The present analyses compared baseline characteristics, clinical symptoms, findings from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and clinical outcomes between @entity1 with and without @entity3257 ( @entity3257 and @entity3257 ). RESULTS: A total of 464 @entity1 (292 @entity1 ; mean age 68.5    13.2 years) were registered. Of these, 79 @entity1 (17%) had @entity3257 . @entity1 in the @entity3257 group were older (73.9    9.1 vs. 67.4    13.6 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to show disturbance of consciousness (13 vs. 6%, p = 0.046) and @entity2026 (9 vs. 3%, p = 0.007) than @entity1 in the non- @entity3257 group. Although no difference in the overall DWI-positive rate was seen between the groups (28 vs. 20%, p = 0.102), a single lesion (23 vs. 10%, p < 0.001), a lesion >= 15 mm (11 vs. 4%, p = 0.006), and a single lesion >= 15 mm (11 vs. 2%, p < 0.001) on DWI were more frequent in the @entity3257 group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified increased age [odds ratio (OR) 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.07] and DWI single lesion >= 15 mm (OR 5.67; 95% CI 1.92-16.7) as independently associated with the presence of @entity3257 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, 17% of our @entity63 @entity1 had @entity3257 . We found an association between the @entity2806 pattern on DWI of a single lesion >= 15 mm and @entity3257 in @entity63 @entity1 . These results might lead to a better diagnosis of @entity63 @entity1 with @entity3257 .

title: Clinical Characteristics of @entity63 @entity1 with XXXX : Analyses of a Multicenter Retrospective Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute ischemic lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['Atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3257 :: ('MESH:C580335', 'Disease') :: ['AF', 'non-AF groups']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['Atrial Fibrillation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: MicroRNA-145 ( @entity3373 ) has been reported to be a @entity5 -suppressing agent in several studies. It can repress pluripotency and control @entity1 embryonic stem cell differentiation by regulating the core pluripotency factor @entity4729 . However, it is not known whether @entity3373 can play a role in inducing @entity5 cell differentiation and repressing growth of @entity5 . METHODS: Ishikawa cells, the established @entity1 @entity1204 cells, were treated with @entity3373 mimics, inhibitor, or small interfering RNA @entity4729 . @entity3373 levels were assayed using TaqMan microRNA assays, and the messenger RNA levels of @entity4729 and the differentiation marker glycodelin were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The protein levels of @entity4729 and glycodelin were characterized via flow cytometry, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. In vivo activity was measured in a xenograft @entity19 model. RESULTS: Up-regulating @entity3373 reduced the expression of @entity4729 and induced the differentiation of Ishikawa cells to closely resemble normal endometrial epithelium both in vitro and in vivo. @entity3373 successfully inhibited @entity5 growth. We also found that in @entity1 with @entity1204 , @entity3373 and @entity4729 were expressed in tissues, and there was a relationship between @entity3373 , @entity4729 , and the degree of @entity5 cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results strongly suggested that @entity3373 is a @entity5 cell differentiation-inducing agent in @entity1204 , and that @entity3373 or @entity4729 may be useful markers for grading @entity1204 .

title: Up-regulation of microRNA-145 promotes differentiation by repressing @entity4729 in @entity1 XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Well-characterized aliquots of adult porcine and @entity35 islets of comparable beta-cell mass were transplanted under the kidney capsule of @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity19 . In both porcine and @entity35 islet grafts, beta-cell mass decreased significantly in the first 2 months and stabilized thereafter. As with beta-cell mass, insulin content decreased significantly in the first 2 months to almost 40% of that originally implanted. In porcine grafts, however, insulin content at 4 months was significantly higher than at 2 months. The endocrine non-beta-cell mass of grafts also decreased significantly after transplantation: in porcine grafts, the decrease was less than in @entity35 and was limited to the first 2 months. beta-cell replication of engrafted islets was significantly lower in porcine than in @entity35 grafts. Although beta-cell mass of porcine and @entity35 grafts was similar at all time periods, recipients of porcine islets required a significantly longer time to reach normal @entity413 levels; nonetheless, their blood @entity413 levels continued to decrease and stabilized at levels significantly lower than those of normal @entity19 . During oral and intraperitoneal @entity413 tolerance tests, blood @entity413 increased only slightly in both the recipients of porcine and @entity35 grafts. When graft-bearing kidneys were perfused in situ, porcine islet grafts showed a 20-fold increase in insulin release in response to both @entity413 and @entity369 . In conclusion, this evidence that adult porcine islet grafts can bring @entity413 levels to those that are normal for @entity1 provides further support of their potential for @entity1 islet replacement therapy.

title: Function, mass, and replication of porcine and XXXX islets transplanted into @entity6 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1112 is a rare @entity74 caused by mutations in the gene encoding @entity11603 ( @entity11603 , @entity11603 ). Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the prospect of immune reconstitution in @entity1112 . Standard HSCT using high-dose chemoradiotherapy can be followed by serious hepatic problems, including @entity5501 , @entity2132 , and/or drug-induced hepatotoxicity. In @entity1 whose liver function is compromised before HSCT, such as in @entity1112 caused by cholangiopathy and @entity99 related to @entity1292 , there is a higher likelihood of hepatotoxicity. We explored nonmyeloablative HSCT in 2 @entity1 with @entity1112 . Nonmyeloablative HSCT without liver transplant for @entity1112 , to our knowledge, has not been described previously. METHODS: Two @entity1 with @entity1112 and persistent @entity281 had documented cholangiopathy on liver biopsy. Both @entity1 underwent nonmyeloablative HSCT from HLA-matched siblings with @entity3118 , @entity1863 , and anti-thymocyte globulin as their preparative regimen. @entity2132 prophylaxis consisted of @entity205 . RESULTS: Both @entity1 are >2 years after their HSCT. One remains a mixed chimera, and the other shows 100% donor chimerism. Both @entity1 are now free of @entity281 and are no longer dependent on intravenous gammaglobulin. Both show response to immunizations. Both have had resolution of their cholangiopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Nonmyeloablative HSCT from HLA-matched siblings can offer immune reconstitution without hepatotoxicity in @entity1 with @entity1112 and preexisting cholangiopathy. Even with stable mixed chimerism after allogeneic HSCT, @entity1 may be able to enjoy a normal phenotype. Nonmyeloablative HSCT warrants additional study in @entity1112 .

title: Nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplant for XXXX with cholangiopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-HIM syndrome', 'X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin M (X-HIM) syndrome']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease', 'Graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['busulfan']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis']

answer: @entity1112 :: (MESH:D040181,Disease) :: ['X-linked hyper-immunoglobulin m syndrome']