abstract: A one-stage anterilateral decompression of the thoracolumbar spine with Harrington rod alignment and posterior fusion has proven to be an excellent approach to the management of unstable fractures between T-11 and @entity7373 . Twenty-six cases are reported in which this tactic was used to decompress neural structures and stabilize the spine. Preoperative computed tomographic scanning and somatosensory evoked responses (SSERs) are useful adjuncts in the @entity1 's assessment. Intraoperative SSER studies have allowed monitoring to prevent an increase in the @entity1 's neural deficit during operation. Intraoperative myelography is used to provide objective confirmation of the adequacy of the decompression of the spinal subarachnoid space. Satisfactory stability was achieved in all 26 cases reported in this series. Eight of 11 @entity1 with partial @entity51 returned to essentially normal function within 6 months. None of the @entity1 who were neurologically intact (6 cases) or who had incomplete lesions (11 cases) was made worse by the operation. None of the 9 paraplegic @entity1 regained spinal cord function, although a dramatic improvement in the function of the @entity10560 and @entity10561 roots occurred in 1 case. This approach to the management of unstable thoracolumbar fractures is useful, carries with it a low complication rate, and should be a standard part of the neurosurgical and orthopedic armamentarium.

title: Management of acute unstable thoracolumbar (T-11- XXXX ) fractures with and without @entity51 .

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

answer: @entity7373 :: (3897,Gene) :: ['L-1']


abstract: Short-term cultures of 10 malignant @entity320 derived from 8 @entity1 were analyzed cytogenetically. The chromosome composition of the @entity5 was found to be similar in terms of modal number and structural and numerical aberrations, especially the nonrandom nature of breakpoints. Six chromosomes were consistently involved in marker formation. Aberrations of chromosomes #1 and #9 were identified in every @entity5 , whereas structural alterations of chromosome #2 were found in 9 @entity5 . In contrast, aberrations of chromosomes #6, #3, and #7 were identified in 7, 7, and 8 of the @entity5 , respectively. The nonrandom breakpoints on these chromosomes frequently coincided with known oncogenic loci and resulted in morphologically identical marker chromosomes. Consecutive lesions were obtained for two @entity1 . Common markers were identified in both cases, indicating the clonal origin of the @entity5 . In addition, many marker chromosomes characteristic of the individual lesions were also identified. The presence of these lesion-specific markers indicates the nonrandom selective nature of the metastatic process and suggests the possible heterogeneity of the original @entity5 cell population.

title: Nonrandom chromosome structural aberrations and oncogene loci in XXXX @entity320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Membrane potentials of medullary chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland of the @entity19 were measured in situ. Resting potential (-54.3 +/- 8.8 mV) depended on extracellular [K+] as predicted by the constant-field equation with a permeability ratio, PNa/PK, of 0.09. Current-voltage (I-V) relationships showed that the current is rectified across the chromaffin cell membrane. A rectification ratio of 0.4 was calculated from the slopes of the I-V curves for positive (41 +/- 26 @entity4780 ) and negative (103 +/- @entity4780 ) currents. Because input resistance for a resting chromaffin cell in isolation is approximately 5 G omega, the chromaffin cells in situ behave as if they were electrically coupled. Most cells responded to depolarizing current pulses with repetitive action potentials, but only 50% of them showed spontaneous electrical activity. Spontaneous activity was often seen in the presence of @entity1022 (3 microM). Although the application of the K+-channel blockers @entity5128 and @entity8594 greatly increased the amplitude of the action potentials, only @entity8594 induced continuous electrical activity. Application of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) always depolarized the cell membrane. This effect was blocked by @entity3897 but not by @entity2899 , suggesting that ACh stimulation of chromaffin cells in the @entity19 involves activation of muscarinic receptors.

title: Electrical activity in chromaffin cells of intact XXXX adrenal gland.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity2899 :: ('MESH:D014403', 'Chemical') :: ['D-tubocurarine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity20117 @entity14755 is a rare, @entity74 usually manifesting with a rapidly progressive, axonal, distally-symmetric @entity305 . The detection of @entity128 by nerve conduction studies is limited, due to preferential involvement of small-fibres in early stages. We investigated whether lower limb @entity128 can be detected, localized and quantified in vivo by high-resolution magnetic resonance neurography. We prospectively included 20 @entity1 (12 male and eight female @entity1 , mean age 47.9 years, range 26-66) with confirmed mutation in the @entity20117 gene: 13 with symptomatic @entity305 and seven asymptomatic gene carriers. A large age- and sex-matched cohort of healthy volunteers served as controls (20 male and 20 female, mean age 48.1 years, range 30-73). All @entity1 received detailed neurological and electrophysiological examinations and were scored using the @entity16 Score-Lower Limbs, @entity16 and @entity16 Symptom Score. Magnetic resonance neurography (3 T) was performed with large longitudinal coverage from proximal thigh to ankle-level and separately for each leg (140 axial slices/leg) by using axial T2-weighted (repetition time/echo time = 5970/55 ms) and dual echo (repetition time 5210 ms, echo times 12 and 73 ms) turbo spin echo 2D sequences with spectral fat saturation. A 3D T2-weighted inversion-recovery sequence (repetition time/echo time 3000/202 ms) was acquired for imaging of the spinal nerves and lumbar plexus (50 axial slice reformations). Precise @entity1930 was performed on each slice. Histogram-based normalization of nerve-voxel signal intensities was performed using the age- and sex-matched control group as normative reference. Nerve-voxels were subsequently classified as lesion-voxels if a threshold of >1.2 (normalized signal-intensity) was exceeded. At distal thigh level, where a predominant @entity66 was observed, signal quantification was performed by calculating proton spin density and T2-relaxation time as microstructural markers of nerve tissue integrity. The total number of @entity66 voxels (cumulated from proximal-to-distal) was significantly higher in symptomatic @entity1 (20 405    1586) versus asymptomatic gene carriers (12 294    3199; P = 0.036) and versus controls (6536    467; P < 0.0001). It was also higher in asymptomatic carriers compared to controls (P = 0.043). The number of @entity66 voxels was significantly higher at thigh level compared to more distal levels (lower leg/ankle) of the lower extremities (f-value = 279.22, P < 0.0001). Further signal-quantification at this proximal site (thigh level) revealed a significant increase of proton-density (P < 0.0001) and T2-relaxation-time (P = 0.0011) in symptomatic @entity1 , whereas asymptomatic gene-carriers presented with a significant increase of proton-density only. Lower @entity4218 could be detected and quantified in vivo on microstructural level by magnetic resonance neurography in symptomatic @entity14755 , and also in yet asymptomatic gene carriers, in whom imaging detection precedes clinical and electrophysiological manifestation. Although symptoms start and prevail distally, the focus of @entity128 and injury progression was found proximally at thigh level with strong and unambiguous lesion-contrast. Imaging of proximal nerve lesions, which are difficult to detect by nerve conduction studies, may have future implications also for other distally-symmetric @entity305 .

title: In vivo detection of @entity128 in XXXX by magnetic resonance neurography.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['nerve-lesion-voxel burden', 'nerve-lesion']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neuropathy Deficit', 'Neuropathy', 'Neuropathy Impairment']

entities_list: @entity4218 :: ('MESH:D017880', 'Disease') :: ['limb nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury', 'nerve-injury', 'predominant nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy', 'polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity14755 :: ('MESH:D028227', 'Disease') :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant inherited multisystem disorder']

entities_list: @entity20117 :: ('7276', 'Gene') :: ['transthyretin', 'Transthyretin']

entities_list: @entity1930 :: ('MESH:D020426', 'Disease') :: ['manual segmentation of the spinal/sciatic/tibial/common peroneal nerves']

answer: @entity14755 :: (MESH:D028227,Disease) :: ['familial amyloid polyneuropathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective was to study the effect of a commercially available xylanase (CAX), an experimental xylanase (EX), and EX in combination with protease (EXP) on the degradation of nondigestible @entity3363 (NDC) and @entity4628 ( @entity4628 ) of nutrients in @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles (wDDGS). The control and 3 enzyme diets contained 96% wDDGS supplemented with vitamins, minerals, @entity376 , and @entity6213 as a digestibility marker in addition to enzyme premix. Eight ileal cannulated @entity1707 were fed 4 experimental diets containing 96% wDDGS-a control diet or 1 of 3 diets with CAX, EX, or EXP-in a double 4 * 4 Latin square design. The experimental period lasted 7 d; adaptation lasted 4 d, and the ileal digesta were collected for 8 h on d 5 and 7, when spot samples of feces were also collected. Digesta samples were analyzed for NDC, total and soluble nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP), low molecular weight (LMW) NDC, OM, CP, fat, starch, and marker. Compared with the control diet, addition of CAX, EX, and EXP increased the @entity4628 of arabinoxylan by 32 ( < 0.001), 28 ( = 0.001), and 24% ( = 0.004), respectively. In addition, EXP increased the @entity4628 of noncellulosic polysaccharide @entity413 by 21% compared with the control ( = 0.005). Compared with the control, addition of EX, EXP, and CAX decreased the concentration of soluble arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( < 0.0001), 40 ( < 0.0001), and 21% ( = 0.022), respectively. Furthermore, addition of CAX, EXP, and EX increased the concentration of LMW arabinoxylan in ileal digesta by 40 ( = 0.0001), 36 ( = 0.0006), and 24% ( = 0.023), respectively, compared with the control. Addition of EX and EXP decreased the concentration of soluble NSP of ileal digesta by 25 ( = 0.001) and 26% ( < 0.001), respectively, compared with the control diet. Addition of CAX ( < 0.0001) and EXP ( = 0.013) increased the @entity4583 -to- @entity6122 ratio in the insoluble arabinoxylan fraction in ileal digesta compared with the control diet, and CAX increased the @entity13275 -to-xylose ratio of the ileal insoluble NSP fraction ( < 0.0001) compared with the control diet. Enzyme addition did not affect @entity4628 of OM, CP, starch, and fat ( > 0.3). In conclusion, addition of xylanases to wDDGS diets increased the ileal digestibility of NSP and generated LMW NDC components in the small intestine of @entity1707 but did not affect ileal digestibility of nutrients in the current study.

title: Xylanase increased the ileal digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides and concentration of low molecular weight nondigestible XXXX in @entity1707 fed high levels of @entity3505 distillers dried grains with solubles.

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity13275 :: ('CHEBI:27252', 'Chemical') :: ['uronic acid']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['AID', 'apparent ileal digestibility']

entities_list: @entity4583 :: ('MESH:D001089', 'Chemical') :: ['arabinose']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity3363 :: (MESH:D002241,Chemical) :: ['carbohydrates']


abstract: @entity8290 is a small modifier protein that is conjugated to substrates to target them for degradation. Recently, a surprising number of @entity8290 -like proteins have been identified that also can be attached to proteins. Herein, we identify two molecular functions for the posttranslational protein modifier from @entity375 , @entity70918 . Simultaneous loss of @entity70918 and @entity46279 , a p21-activated kinase that functions in budding, is lethal. This result suggests a role for the urmylation pathway in budding. Furthermore, loss of the urmylation pathway causes defects in @entity851 and confers sensitivity to @entity3446 . Our results indicate that the sensitivity to @entity3446 is due to a genetic interaction with the TOR pathway, which is important for regulation of cell growth in response to nutrients. We have found that @entity70918 can be attached to a number of proteins. Loss of five genes that are also essential in a cla4Delta strain, @entity70919 , @entity70920 , @entity70921 , @entity70922 , and @entity23264 , affect the level of at least one @entity70918 conjugate. Moreover, these five genes have a role in @entity851 and display genetic interactions with the TOR pathway. In summary, our results suggest the urmylation pathway is involved in nutrient sensing and budding.

title: Urmylation: a XXXX -like pathway that functions during @entity851 and budding in @entity375 .

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['invasive growth']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity8290 :: (850620(Tax:4932),Gene) :: ['ubiquitin']


abstract: The effects of acute pressure overload of the right and left ventricle on the left ventricular hemodynamics, coronary circulation, and myocardial metabolism in @entity235 were investigated by banding of the main pulmonary artery and by producing two models of aortic constriction with (type B) and without (type A) aortocoronary bypass. Pulmonary artery banding (left ventricular preload reduction) showed right ventriculr systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular end-diastolic pressure (RVEDP), and right ventricular dP/dtmax significantly elevated, but left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular (dP/dtmax)/IIP slightly decreased, contrary to a slight increase of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP). The blood flow of the left coronary circumflex artery (CBF) was slightly decreased, but the aortic blood flow (AoF) and left ventricular work per minute (LVW) were significantly reduced. As to myocardial metabolism, the coronary arteriovenous difference (delta) of @entity1735 , mainly @entity413 (G) and @entity880 (L), increased, while that of non-esterified @entity844 (NEFA) showed a significant reduction. @entity1498 (left ventricular afterload increase) showed, both in types A and B, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular work per minute were increased. However, aortic systolic and diastolic pressure were significantly decreased. The blood flow of the left coronary circumflex artery tended to increase in both types. The myocardial @entity1735 uptake tended to increase after aortic constriction in both types. However, the uptake of non-esterified @entity844 was increased after aortic constriction in type A, but decreased in type B. This difference in uptake of non-esterified @entity844 might be induced by the difference of the functional state of the left ventricle.

title: Effects of right and left ventricular pressure overload on left ventricular function and metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic coarctation']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) have been found in about 10% of @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and have been associated with @entity146 manifestations (NPSLE), including @entity16 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of @entity7303 in @entity1 with @entity1252 , previous and further risk of @entity146 manifestations. METHODS: One hundred and nine consecutive @entity1 with previous diagnosis of @entity1252 and without acute neurological manifestations were evaluated clinically and by transcranial Doppler monitoring (1 hour) from November 2002 to March 2003. The baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between @entity1 with and without @entity7303 . @entity1 were followed during a mean time of 4.5 years, to detect the appearance of NPSLE, including @entity64 and transient @entity63 attacks. RESULTS: @entity7303 were detected in 16 @entity1 (14.7%; range: 3-64/h); at baseline, previous @entity146 manifestations were more frequent in @entity1 with @entity7303 : 12/16 (75%) versus 46/92 (50%) (p=0.064), especially for @entity73 (p=0.036). @entity1701 and @entity65 factors did not differ between groups at baseline and follow-up, neither the proportion of patients on antiplatelet agents. At follow-up, two @entity1 from the @entity7303 positive group and six from the @entity7303 negative group developed a new @entity146 manifestation (p=not significant). CONCLUSION: This study supports an association of @entity7303 and a history of NPSLE, especially @entity73 . @entity7303 were not associated with an increased risk of @entity2806 and other neurological manifestations at follow-up.

title: The clinical significance of microembolic signals in XXXX with @entity1252 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['Microembolic signals', 'MES']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular damage']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1701 :: ('MESH:D016736', 'Disease') :: ['Antiphospholipid syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated effects of stocking rate on @entity291 performance, quality and quantity of @entity4336 residue, and impact of residue removal on grain yield for 5 yr at the University of Nebraska - Lincoln West Central Water Resources Field Laboratory near Brule, NE. Four removal treatments-1) no removal (control), 2) grazing at 2.5 animal unit month (AUM)/ha, 3) grazing at 5.0 AUM/ha, and 4) baling-were applied to a center pivot-irrigated @entity4336 field (53 ha). The field was divided into eight 6.6-ha paddocks to which replicated treatments were assigned. Samples of residue were collected in October and March (before and after residue removal) using ten 0.5-m quadrats per treatment replication. Residue was separated into 5 plant parts-stem, cob, leaf, husk, and grain-and analyzed for nutrient content. Esophageally fistulated @entity291 were used to measure diet quality. @entity291 assigned to the 2.5 AUM/ha stocking rate treatment gained more BW ( < 0.01) and BCS ( < 0.01) than @entity291 assigned to the 5.0 AUM/ha treatment. Leaf contained the most ( < 0.01) CP and husk had the greatest ( < 0.01) @entity2402 ( @entity2402 ) but the CP and @entity2402 of individual plant parts did not differ ( > 0.69) between sampling dates. Amount of total residue was reduced ( < 0.05) by baling and both grazing treatments between October and March but was not different ( > 0.05) in control paddocks between sampling dates. As a proportion of the total residue, stem increased ( < 0.01) and husk decreased ( < 0.01) between October and March. Diet CP content was similar ( = 0.10) between sampling dates for the 2 grazing treatments but @entity2402 was greater after grazing in the 2.5 AUM/ha grazing treatment ( = 0.04). Subsequent grain yields were not different ( = 0.16) across all 4 residue removal treatments. At the proper stocking rate, @entity4336 residue grazing results in acceptable animal performance without negatively impacting subsequent @entity4336 grain production.

title: @entity4336 residue stocking rate affects XXXX performance but not subsequent grain yield.

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['in vitro OM disappearance', 'IVOMD']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: @entity9466 is an @entity1200 characterized by @entity784 and chronic superficial @entity281 . We report on three @entity1 with @entity9466 who developed autoantibodies to erythrocytes. Our first @entity1 , a 19-year-old female, developed @entity5506 ( @entity5506 ) that required multiple courses of treatment, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and @entity1872 . During the last exacerbation of @entity5506 , intensive treatment with @entity288 and intravenous immunoglobulin failed and yet the @entity1 responded to plasmapheresis. Our second @entity1 , a 21-year-old male, developed @entity5506 which responded to oral corticosteroid therapy. Our third @entity1 , a 6-year-old female without evidence of @entity2142 , was found to have erythrocyte autoantibodies on routine screening. These three @entity1 had positive direct antiglobulin tests, and the first @entity1 had both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM erythrocyte autoantibodies, while the remaining two @entity1 had only IgG autoantibody. This is the first report of the association of @entity5506 with @entity9466 . We suggest that all @entity1 with @entity9466 be screened periodically for erythrocyte autoantibodies. Plasmapheresis, a safe ancillary procedure in the management of @entity5506 , may be life-saving in some cases. The occurrence of erythrocyte autoantibodies in @entity9466 may be related to @entity74 in this disease.

title: XXXX in @entity9466 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity9466 :: ('MESH:D002178', 'Disease') :: ['chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis', 'Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis', 'mucocutaneous candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['candidal infections']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency disease']

entities_list: @entity5506 :: ('MESH:D000744', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune hemolytic anemia', 'AIHA']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['immunoregulatory disorders']

entities_list: @entity2142 :: ('MESH:D006461', 'Disease') :: ['hemolysis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity5506 :: (MESH:D000744,Disease) :: ['Autoimmune hemolytic anemia']


abstract: Persistent or recurrent @entity298 ( @entity298 ) documented at second-look surgery has proved relatively refractory to second-line therapy. The majority of these @entity5 do not respond to @entity900 based chemotherapy. Because of the relatively high response rate we observed with systemically administered @entity1138 plus @entity1487 , we initiated a trial of intraperitoneal (IP) @entity1138 (10 mg/m2 in 2 L dialysate fluid every 4 weeks) in 14 @entity1 with refractory @entity298 secondary to gynecologic @entity5 . All but one @entity1 had @entity298 secondary to @entity43 documented at second-look cytoreductive surgery following intense @entity900 based drug therapy. One @entity1 had @entity1204 and had been treated previously with radiation. In all, 49 courses of intraperitoneal @entity1138 were administered to 14 @entity1 . Systemic @entity137 was minimal, except for mild @entity882 that occurred in four @entity1 . However, @entity490 due to @entity298 was cumulative and dose limiting after three to five courses of therapy. Of the seven @entity1 with measurable disease (positive serum CA-125 or intraperitoneal cytology), six had normalization of at least one of these two parameters. Eight of the 14 @entity1 remain alive without clinical evidence of disease with a median follow-up duration of 10 months. We conclude that IP @entity1138 is a well-tolerated and potentially effective treatment modality in @entity1 with limited @entity298 following second-look surgical debulking for gynecologic @entity5 .

title: Intraperitoneal XXXX in the treatment of @entity298 following second-look surgery.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'malignancy', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal carcinomatosis', 'PC', 'chemical peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: An intrinsic defect in the aortic media in six @entity1 with @entity1614 , who died of @entity65 at an average age of 32 years, has been delineated by correlated morphologic, biochemical, and mechanical studies. The findings in the Marfan aortas have been compared with those in age- and sex-matched controls, who died of unrelated diseases without significant @entity2333 , and in three @entity1 with dissecting @entity439 of non-Marfan origin. The results showed that there was a significant reduction in the tensile strength of the aorta in @entity1614 . This finding was correlated by scanning electron microscopy with structural alterations of the medial elastic fibers, including enlarged interlaminar spaces and loss of interlaminar elastic fibrils. No structural alterations were identified in collagen fibers. Biochemical analyses of the aortic media revealed a substantial reduction in aortic @entity2362 content. Furthermore, the @entity13403 content of the isolated @entity2362 was reduced by approximately 50%. No changes were detected in the composition or solubility of the medial collagen. In contrast to Marfan aortas, the @entity2362 and collagen contents of the dissecting @entity439 of non-Marfan origin were similar to those of the controls. These findings suggest that the @entity455 in @entity1614 may be based on a @entity74 affecting @entity2362 fibrillogenesis.

title: XXXX : structural, biochemical, and mechanical studies of the aortic media.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity13403 :: ('MESH:D003895', 'Chemical') :: ['desmosine']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic lesions']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications of the disease']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['Marfan's syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a significant role in immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Excessive sensitivity of isolated Treg to apoptosis has been demonstrated in NOD @entity19 and @entity1 suffering of type 1 @entity6 , suggesting a possible role in the @entity1200 that underlies @entity792 . In this study the sensitivity to apoptosis was measured in T cells from new onset @entity6 females, comparing purified subsets to mixed cultures. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Apoptotic cells are short lived in vivo and @entity204 occurs primarily during isolation, manipulation and culture. Excessive susceptibility of @entity3783 (+) T cells to spontaneous apoptosis is characteristic of isolated subsets, @entity2402 when @entity204 is measured in mixed splenocyte cultures. In variance, @entity3783 (-) T cells display balanced sensitivity to apoptosis under both conditions. The isolation procedure removes soluble factors, @entity2047 playing a significant role in sustaining Treg viability. In addition, pro- and anti-apoptotic signals are transduced by cell-to-cell interactions: @entity5168 and @entity10867 protect @entity3783 (+) T cells from apoptosis, and in parallel sensitize na  ve effector cells to apoptosis. Treg viability is modulated both by other T cells and other subsets within mixed splenocyte cultures. Variations in sensitivity to apoptosis are often hindered by fast proliferation of viable cells, therefore cycling rates are mandatory to adequate interpretation of cell @entity204 assays. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of purified Treg to apoptosis is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of cell-to-cell interactions, and deviate significantly from measurements in mixed populations. Balanced sensitivity of na  ve/effector and regulatory T cells to apoptosis in NOD @entity19 argues against the concept that differential susceptibility affects disease evolution and progression.

title: Apoptosis of purified CD4+ T cell subsets is dominated by cytokine deprivation and absence of other cells in new onset @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2402 :: ('MESH:D010015', 'Disease') :: ['however disappears']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic NOD', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune insulitis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Experiments were carried out to establish whether infusion of relaxin prolongs gestation and labour in the @entity35 by suppressing release of @entity398 , and whether the effects of relaxin on birth could be reversed by the opioid antagonist @entity1510 . Female @entity35 were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for the infusion of purified porcine relaxin into the jugular vein for 84 h from either day 19 or day 20 of gestation. Infusion of relaxin delayed the onset of labour and in those animals which delivered during relaxin infusion, delivery was longer by approximately 45 min. Plasma @entity398 levels 40 min after delivery of the first fetus were 45.25 +/- 3.6 pmol/l (mean +/- S.D.) in unoperated controls and significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed (23.89 +/- 3.9) in @entity35 that delivered during infusion of relaxin. @entity35 that delivered after the infusion of relaxin had finished, gave birth significantly (P less than 0.05) faster than controls and plasma @entity398 levels were significantly (P less than 0.01) raised (77.87 +/- 15.9 pmol/l). @entity1510 treatment (1 mg/kg; i.m.) given immediately after the delivery of the first fetus reversed the inhibitory effect of relaxin and the interval between successive deliveries was slightly faster than that of controls. Plasma @entity398 levels in relaxin-infused @entity1510 -treated @entity35 were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than values in unoperated control @entity35 . The results confirm that relaxin suppresses @entity398 release possibly through an opioid system and this may be important in the control of the timing of birth.

title: Relaxin acts centrally to inhibit XXXX release during parturition: an effect that is reversed by @entity1510 .

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['Naloxone', 'naloxone']

answer: @entity398 :: (MESH:D010121,Chemical) :: ['oxytocin']


abstract: The development of @entity167 -induced @entity99 is, in part, a consequence of the immunological/inflammatory response that @entity167 stimulates. The abnormalities of immune function in heavy drinkers have been documented well. Cytokines, especially @entity1505 , produced from macrophages/Kupffer cells, play a role in the induction of liver cell @entity39 and apoptosis. @entity1505 can cause liver cell apoptosis through the @entity1505 receptor or Fas/CD95 which is expressed by liver cells. Furthermore, chronic @entity1068 consumption may damage the liver by inhibiting the hepatotrophic and hepatoprotective actions of @entity1505 and other cytokines. There exists an intrinsic lymphocyte population in the normal liver. Intrahepatic T lymphocytes consist of a heterogeneous population of cells that has many and varied functional characteristics in addition to classical T cell activity. The population of intrahepatic T lymphocytes may arise via a thymus-independent pathway. Our recent work has demonstrated the role of liver-associated T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of @entity167 related @entity99 initiated by a variety of stimuli such as endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity558 ) or concanavalin A (Con A). Our studies have, for the first time, suggested that @entity167 consumption alone does not lead to the development of marked @entity409 (at least in the @entity35 ), but rather that a second insult is required for this to occur. Liver-associated T lymphocytes in @entity35 spontaneously secrete @entity8885 , @entity568 and @entity1505 in vitro culture. There is a significant decline in the amounts of @entity8885 and @entity1505 secreted in @entity1068 -consuming @entity35 compared with non- @entity1068 consuming @entity35 . The numbers of T cells, NK cells and Kupffer cells in liver perfusates remains stable over a prolonged period of @entity1068 consumption. However, following Con A injection, there was an inappropriate increase in the amounts of @entity568 and @entity1505 secreted in in vitro culture of liver-associated T lymphocytes and a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+ T cells and CD25+ T cells in liver perfusates compared with non- @entity1068 consuming @entity35 . It suggested that liver-associated T lymphocytes are involved in the inflammatory process associated with @entity167 related @entity99 through increased cytokine secretion ( @entity1505 ).

title: Molecular pathogenesis of T lymphocyte-induced @entity99 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver necrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver injury']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['alcoholic hepatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have documented that increased biopsy sampling, that is 6 versus 12 biopsy cores, can detect more @entity263 . It is unknown whether increased sampling of the prostate will detect a higher number of potentially insignificant @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the surgical pathology files at The Johns Hopkins Hospital for @entity1 in whom prostate needle biopsy was performed by a single urologist between April 1993 and April 2000, and subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy. @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy and had 8 core biopsies or less between March 1994 and August 1999 were also studied. Clinically significant @entity5 were defined as those with volume greater than 0.5 cc, Gleason score 7 or greater or nonorgan confined disease. RESULTS: A total of 297 @entity1 with a mean age of 60 years (range 36 to 75) were evaluated. Group 1 consisted of 107 @entity1 with 8 core biopsies or less, including 51 with 6, and group 2 comprised 190 @entity1 with 9 cores or greater, including 145 with 12. The 2 groups were equal in regard to @entity1486 , age, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound gland volume at biopsy. The only difference between the groups was a higher number of cores with @entity5 in group 2 (mean 2.8 versus 2.1, p = 0.0006). Of the @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy 59.6% had Gleason score 6 or less, 26.3% 3+4, 6.7% 4+3 and 7.4% 8 to 9. There were 12.4% of @entity1 with positive margins, 36.4% extraprostatic extension, and 5.4% seminal vesicle invasion and/or lymph node @entity3 . @entity5 volumes averaged 1.1 cc (range 0.01 to 10.7) and 60.9% of @entity5 were greater than 0.5 cc. Clinically significant @entity5 were seen in 77.4% of @entity1 in group 1 and 74.6% in group 2. There was no significant difference in Gleason score, margin status, @entity5 volume, seminal vesicle invasion, or lymph node @entity3 between groups 1 and 2, or in a subset analysis of @entity1 with 6 versus 12 core biopsies. However, @entity1 in whom @entity5 was diagnosed with 9 core biopsies or greater were more likely to have organ confined disease (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Although increased sampling of the prostate does not increase the detection of potentially insignificant @entity5 , it does appear to detect earlier stage @entity5 .

title: Does increased needle biopsy sampling of the prostate detect a higher number of potentially insignificant XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feature of the chronic @entity1781 without @entity1952 . METHODS: Retrospective cases series study. The clinical data of 25 @entity1 (37 eyes) with chronic @entity1781 without @entity1952 , treated in Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, from October, 2005 to March, 2014, were collected. Those @entity1 had been showing visual symptoms for 6 months or longer, but missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as other @entity2194 due to their normal or slightly changed fundi. The collected data including visual acuities, visual fields, neuroimaging and/or pathologic diagnosis were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 25 @entity1 , there were 5 males and 20 females, and their ages range from 9 to 74 years [average (47.5    13.4) years]. All @entity1 suffered progressive @entity2194 , without @entity2358 . Except one @entity1 had a @entity10 , other @entity1 did not show systemic symptoms. The corrected visual acuities were between HM to 1.0, and their appearances of optic discs and colors of fundi were normal. After neuroimaging and/or pathological examination, it was proven that 14 @entity1 suffered @entity1653 , 5 @entity1 with hypophysoma, 3 @entity1 with @entity1781 in orbital apex, 1 @entity1 with @entity2477 , 1 @entity1 with @entity1462 in orbital apex and 1 @entity1 with @entity5150 . Among the 19 @entity1 whose suffered occupied lesions of saddle area, 14 @entity1 underwent visual field examinations, and only 4 @entity1 showed classic @entity227 caused by optic chiasmal lesions. CONCLUSION: Occult progressive @entity227 was the most important clinical feature of the disease.

title: [Clinical feature of chronic XXXX without @entity1952 .]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['impaired vision in single eye or both eyes', 'eye diseases']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['exophthalmos or abnormal eye movements']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculum sellae meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve sheath meningioma', 'compressive optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5150 :: ('MESH:D020339', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve glioma']

entities_list: @entity2477 :: ('MESH:D006392', 'Disease') :: ['cavernous hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

answer: @entity1781 :: (MESH:D009901,Disease) :: ['compressive optic neuropathy']


abstract: The results of the research of early vascular alterations in LDL-R carriers in comparison with those in non-carriers with severe @entity1007 are controversial. AIM: To investigate the difference between severe @entity1007 @entity1 that carry LDL-R defective gene and those that do not have it, in their functional (flow-mediated vasodilation) and structural ( @entity121 of carotid artery and ankle-brachial index) characteristics of arterial wall. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study included 120 @entity753 @entity1 . Biochemistry parameters were studied by routine methods. The flow-mediated vasodilation (% @entity4631 ), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of common carotid artery were determined using Hewlett Packard Sonos 5 500; MedicaSoft. @entity121 .lab was the software programme used in the study. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to total @entity165 , LDL, HDL, @entity755 , @entity1675 , cellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sP- and sE- @entity72727 ). The @entity755 / @entity1675 index differed significantly (t = 11.23, p < 0.001) between the two groups; there was difference even after adjustment for age. There was no significant difference in the endothelial dependent and independent vasodilatation between the examined groups (p > 0.05). We found a significantly greater carotid @entity121 and lower ABI in the carriers than the respective parameters in the non-carriers. This significant difference was confirmed after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION: Our data show that LDL-R carriers have a higher carotid @entity121 and lower ABI than non-carriers, whereas no difference between the groups was found with respect to the level of lipid parameters and % @entity4631 .

title: Non-invasive vessel examinations in carriers of LDL-receptor defective gene versus non-carriers with newly detected asymptomatic severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity72727 :: ('MESH:D019040', 'Chemical') :: ['selectine']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the effects and @entity137 of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local radiotherapy for @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 . METHODOLOGY: From June 1994 to June 1999, 28 @entity1 with unresectable @entity157 (the largest dimension of @entity5 ranged from 3 to 10 cm) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by local irradiation. Response was assessed by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, together with serum @entity160 level in cases with increased baseline values. Complications associated with treatment were monitored. Cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier method from the first day of treatment. RESULTS: An objective response (reduction of @entity5 area greater than 50%) was achieved in 57.0% of the cases. In 63.0% of the cases with increased @entity160 values, @entity160 level underwent a marked reduction (more than 50%). The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.9%, 42.4%, and 21.2%, respectively (median survival, 31 months, 95% CI: 27.8-34.2 months). The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable @entity157 . Further study is required to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or radiotherapy alone.

title: The long-term efficacy of combined chemoembolization and local irradiation in the treatment of XXXX with large @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The bone marrow of 11 @entity1 with @entity151 , who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One @entity1 , after a prodrome of @entity417 and @entity882 , developed @entity3052 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months @entity1778 developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four @entity1 who remain alive and disease free. In one of these @entity1 marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other @entity1 showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All @entity1 showed some degree of @entity2007 on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no @entity2214 was detected in any @entity1 . Follow-up for the development of secondary @entity3052 and other long-term complications continues in these @entity1 .

title: @entity1778 and myelodysplasia in XXXX . Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['clonal abnormality']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['before frank leukemia']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

answer: @entity151 :: (MESH:D055752,Disease) :: ['small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity356 is the second most common cause of @entity5 deaths worldwide. The identification of molecular genetic parameters that are associated with response to chemotherapy and prognosis is of utmost interest. We examined methylation of the apoptosis-related genes, @entity938 and @entity2529 , in 81 primary @entity356 using methylation-specific PCR and compared their methylation status with clinicopathological findings. Aberrant methylation of @entity938 and @entity2529 genes was detected in 26 (32.1%) @entity5 and in 18 (22.2%) @entity5 , respectively. The overall survival of @entity1 with both methylated genes was significantly shorter compared with those with only one methylated gene or no methylated genes (p = 0.0003). Neither gene methylation had any relation to other clinicopathological findings. Next, we examined 43 @entity1 treated by @entity1487 -based chemotherapy, who had distant @entity3 or recurrence after radical resection, to determine the relation between chemosensitivity and methylation. The response rate was lower in @entity1 with either methylation than without ( @entity938 : 22.2% vs. 48.0%; @entity2529 : 21.4% vs. 44.8%). Overall survival tended to be shorter in the @entity1 with both methylations compared with either or no methylations (p = 0.0806). The time to progression of @entity1 with methylation of @entity938 or @entity2529 was significantly shorter than @entity1 without methylation ( @entity938 : p = 0.0123; @entity2529 : p = 0.0464). Furthermore, the time to progression of @entity1 with both methylated genes was significantly shorter than @entity1 with one methylation or no methylation (p = 0.0082). In conclusion, @entity938 and @entity2529 methylation might predict the prognosis and response to chemotherapy in @entity356 .

title: Methylated @entity938 and XXXX genes predict prognosis and response to chemotherapy in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'Gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity2529 :: (1612,Gene) :: ['DAPK']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5052 and @entity210 are associated with an increased risk of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). It is unknown whether treating @entity5052 with @entity3624 oxidase inhibitors (XOIs), including @entity208 and @entity20082 , modifies @entity65 . METHODS: We used US insurance claims data to conduct a cohort study among @entity210 @entity1 , comparing XOI initiators with non-users with @entity5052 defined as serum @entity414 level >= 6.8 mg/dL. We calculated incidence rates of a composite nonfatal cardiovascular outcome that included @entity583 , coronary revascularization, @entity64 , and @entity712 . Propensity score (PS)-matched Cox proportional hazards regression compared the risk of composite cardiovascular endpoint in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 , controlling for baseline confounders. In a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity414 levels available, PS-matched Cox regression further adjusted for baseline @entity414 levels. RESULTS: There were 24,108 PS-matched pairs with a mean age of 51 years and 88% male. The incidence rate per 1000 @entity1 -years for composite @entity65 was 24.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.6-26.0) in XOI initiators and 21.4 (95% CI, 19.8-23.2) in the untreated @entity5052 group. The PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 was 1.16 (95% CI, 0.99-1.34) in XOI initiators vs those with untreated @entity5052 . In subgroup analyses, the PS-matched hazard ratio for composite @entity65 adjusted for serum @entity414 levels was 1.10 (95% CI, 0.74-1.64) among XOI initiators. CONCLUSIONS: Among @entity1 with @entity210 , initiation of XOI was not associated with an increased or decreased cardiovascular risk compared with those with untreated @entity5052 . Subgroup analyses adjusting for baseline @entity414 levels also showed no association between XOI and cardiovascular risk.

title: Effects of XXXX oxidase inhibitors on @entity65 in @entity1 with @entity210 : a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity20082 :: ('MESH:C084623', 'Chemical') :: ['febuxostat']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia', 'Hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risks', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity3624 :: (MESH:D019820,Chemical) :: ['xanthine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7995 ( @entity7995 ) is often the first symptom of @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, a broad range of conditions can give rise to or mimic @entity7995 . The objective of this study was to investigate the social and health related consequences of @entity7995 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period 2003-2011, 436 @entity1 were examined for @entity7995 . The primary endpoints were time to disability pension and immunomodulatory treatment against @entity15 . @entity1 were followed-up through the Danish the Registry of Deaths and Migration until July 2012. Statistics Denmark provided information on disability pension. Furthermore, data was merged with the Danish @entity15 Treatment Register. RESULTS: After 9 years, 24.9% were disabled and 47.7% had initiated treatment against @entity15 . The risk of disability was five times higher than in the background population. The risk of becoming a disability pensioner was highest among @entity1 with paraclinical findings compatible with @entity15 . CONCLUSION: As expected, @entity15 is the leading cause of disability after @entity7995 . This study revealed an association between the paraclinical findings at symptom onset and social outcome. These results may influence insurance underwriting.

title: The prognosis for @entity1 suspected of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['ON', 'Optic neuritis']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a low calorie soy-based meal replacement program for the treatment of @entity28 . DESIGN: A 12-week prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Outpatient weight control research unit. SUBJECTS: One @entity28 (28<BMI<or=41 kg/m(2)) volunteers between the ages of 35 and 65 y. Seventy-four @entity1 completed the trial. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomized to either the meal replacement treatment group (n=50; 240 g/day, 1200 kcal/day) or control group (n=50). Both groups at baseline received a single dietary counseling session and a pamphlet describing @entity353 practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight, body fat, serum lipid concentrations. RESULTS: : By intent-to-treat analysis, the treatment group lost significantly more weight than the control group (7.00 vs 2.90 kg; P<0.001) and had a greater change in total (22.5 vs 6.8 mg/dl; P=0.013) and LDL @entity165 (21.2 vs 7.1 mg/dl; P<0.009). Among completers only, the treatment group again lost more weight (7.1 kg; n=37 vs 2.9 kg; n=37; P=0.0001) and had a greater reduction in total @entity165 (26.1 mg/dl; n=37 vs 6.7 mg/dl; P=0.0012) and a greater change in LDL @entity165 (21.6 vs 5.5 mg/dl; P=0.0025). (For any given degree of @entity353 , the reduction in LDL @entity165 was significantly greater in the treatment group.) Treatment was well tolerated and no serious side effects were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Use of this soy-based meal replacement formula was effective in lowering body weight, fat mass and in reducing LDL @entity165 beyond what could be expected given the weight lost.

title: A novel soy-based meal replacement formula for XXXX among @entity28 individuals: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hundred obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity1370 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity1161 and the impact of pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity1161 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity63 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity1161 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity1161 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The @entity1161 did not increase the risk of @entity583 . Presence of @entity583 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity5 , @entity299 and @entity299 . Among @entity1 who received @entity1161 , @entity5 laterality was not associated with @entity583 outcome. The effect of @entity1161 on the heart was not influenced by @entity299 or @entity299 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity1161 would increase the risk of @entity583 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity5 laterality, or history of @entity299 or @entity299 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity299 , and @entity1370 in @entity0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac risk factors', 'CRFs', 'heart disease', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Importance: @entity1028 are associated with @entity32 within the aortic wall, and previous studies have suggested that @entity32 may be a consequence of a dysregulated and persistent autoimmune response. Persistent aortic remodeling after @entity439 repair could place the @entity1 at risk for endoleak or sac rupture. Objective: To determine whether @entity1 with systemic @entity32 and large @entity439 have persistent aortic remodeling after @entity439 repair (EVAR). Design, Setting, and @entity1 : The records of all @entity1 who underwent EVAR between July 2002 and June 2011 at the Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System were included in this retrospective review. @entity1 were considered to have a systemic @entity32 when confirmed by a referring specialist. Post-EVAR surveillance was performed by yearly imaging. Intervention: @entity439 repair. Main Outcomes and Measures: Significant endoleak, defined as endoleak and sac diameter increase of 0.5 cm or greater. Results: A total of 51 of 79 @entity1 (65%) had a systemic @entity32 . These @entity1 had similar comorbid conditions compared with @entity1 without @entity32 but significantly greater numbers of major @entity260 after EVAR (23.5% vs 3.6%; P   =   .02) and @entity260 after EVAR (27.5% vs 7.1%; P   =   .03). @entity1 with a history of systemic @entity32 developed more @entity1070 (45.1% vs 17.9%; P   =   .02) and late sac expansion (51.0% vs 21.4%; P   =   .01) and required more interventions (21.6% vs 3.6%; P   =   .03) during long-term follow-up. Systemic @entity32 was significantly associated with significant endoleak (odds ratio, 5.18; 95% CI, 1.56-17.16; P   =   .007). Conclusions and Relevance: @entity1 with systemic @entity32 are at high risk for @entity260 , @entity1070 , sac expansion, and additional interventions after EVAR. Additional strategies for improving the efficacy of EVAR in these @entity1 may be warranted.

title: @entity32 and Its Association With @entity1070 and Late Interventions After XXXX Repair.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation', 'inflammation', 'inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['endoleaks', 'type II endoleak']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['overall postoperative complications', 'postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'Endovascular aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysms']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Endovascular Aneurysm']


abstract: Various kinds of schiff base metal complexes have been proven to induce apoptosis of @entity5 cells. However, it remains largely unknown whether schiff base @entity219 complexes induce apoptosis in @entity1 @entity5 cells. Here, we synthesized a novel schiff base @entity219 coordination compound (SBZCC) and investigated its effects on the growth, proliferation and apoptosis of @entity1 @entity421 MG-63 cells. A novel SBZCC was synthesized by chemical processes and used to treat MG-63 cells. The cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle progression, mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptotic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptosis-related proteins levels were determined by immunoblotting. Treatment of MG-63 cells with SBZCC resulted in inhibition of cell proliferation and cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Moreover, SBZCC significantly reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis, accompanied with increased @entity589 / @entity588 and FlasL/Fas expression as well as caspase-3/8/9 cleavage. Our results demonstrated that the synthesized novel SBZCC could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of MG-63 cells via activating both the mitochondrial and cell death receptor apoptosis pathways, suggesting that SBZCC is a promising agent for the development as anticancer drugs.

title: A novel schiff base @entity219 coordination compound inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of XXXX @entity421 cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) responses to a course of @entity4082 were studied in eleven @entity1 with @entity1278 at different stages of the illness. In malnourished @entity1 basal levels of LH were invariably low. With the resumption of a normal weight a small but definite rise in LH levels was observed but this spontaneous response to weight gain was variable in that many @entity1 continued to exhibit abnormally low LH levels. The response to @entity4082 in terms of a rise in basal LH levels after administration of the drug, followed by a second peak of LH and subsequent @entity548 , was clearly dependent in part on the @entity1 's nutritional state. In the malnourished state the response to @entity4082 was usually either absent or incomplete. After the resumption of a more normal weight, the @entity1 invariably showed an initial rise in LH after the @entity4082 , but the second LH peak and subsequent menstruation were frequently not demonstrated. Six @entity1 maintained a normal body weight for at least six months after a course of @entity4082 , but only three of them resumed cyclical @entity548 . It was concluded that factors additional to the nutritional state contribute to the prolonged @entity1278 and that @entity4082 appears to have only a limited role in the treatment and management of @entity1 with the disorder. Some aspects of current knowledge of the endocrine mechanisms that regulate normal menstruation and of the mode of action of @entity4082 are outlined. The results of the present study are discussed against this background in an attempt to elucidate further the @entity1640 underlying the @entity1278 .

title: The effects of @entity4082 on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1640 :: ('MESH:D007027', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic disorder']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomiphene citrate', 'clomiphene']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['anorexia nervosa']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of imaging geometry on evaluating natural @entity62 with quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). A total of 34 specimens were prepared from extracted @entity1 premolars and permanent molars with @entity1547 on the interproximal surface. The specimens were each adjusted to a final thickness of 3.0 mm. Images were acquired with the QLF system perpendicular to the @entity1547 and at 5 degrees intervals up to 30 degrees above and below the perpendicular. The specimens were rotated around the buccolingual axis of the tooth (pitch angle) and around the long axis of the tooth (roll angle). The averages of fluorescence loss (DeltaF, %) and lesion size ( @entity202 ) were determined with QLF. Another variable, DeltaQ, which was defined as the fluorescence loss integrated over the lesion size (% x @entity202 ), was also calculated. DeltaF was smaller when lesions were viewed from the cervical direction (angles less than 90 degrees ), and became bigger when viewed from the coronal direction. Roll angle did not significantly affect DeltaF. Apparent lesion size diminished with deviations from 90 degrees in both directions for pitch and roll angles. DeltaQ was affected by pitch and roll angles with the largest value at 90 degrees and values decreasing in both directions from 90 degrees. In general, there were significant differences for angles larger than 20 degrees from the perpendicular for all three QLF variables. This study suggests that angle is an important factor to control when performing QLF studies; however, small changes (deviations within 20 degrees ) have a minimal effect on QLF variables.

title: Effect of imaging geometry on evaluating natural XXXX using quantitative light-induced fluorescence.

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white-spot lesions']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['white spots']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white-spot lesions']


abstract: @entity810 ( @entity810 ) has significant prognostic implications for long-term outcomes in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. In several retrospective studies, perioperative variables have been associated with @entity810 . These variables have been mainly associated with changes in @entity1011 concentrations over several days or months post-transplantation. To better define @entity810 , new markers have become available that help to identify @entity1 at risk for @entity8 within hours of a triggering insult. We prospectively enrolled liver transplant @entity1 at our institutions to evaluate @entity15901 ( @entity15901 ), a marker of early @entity8 , as a surrogate for @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. Blood was prospectively collected at predetermined time points from 59 @entity1 at 2 institutions. The electronic anesthesia records and the hospital computer data system were reviewed for perioperative variables. Data collection included @entity1 demographics, intraoperative variables such as fluid management, transfusion requirements, hemodynamics, and urine output. Subsequently, @entity1 were grouped according to the presence of risk for developing @entity810 as defined by the RIFLE (risk, @entity177 , loss, and @entity454 ) criteria. The difference between the @entity15901 concentration 2 hours after reperfusion and the baseline @entity15901 concentration was predictive of @entity810 in all @entity1 , including @entity1 with preexisting @entity8 . In @entity1 with @entity1011 concentrations less than 1.5 mg/dL, a single @entity15901 determination 2 hours after reperfusion of the liver was associated with the development of @entity810 . Total occlusion of the inferior vena cava was associated with @entity810 . In conclusion, @entity15901 concentrations obtained during surgery were highly associated with postoperative @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing liver transplantation. These findings will allow the design of larger interventional studies. Our findings regarding the impact of surgical techniques and @entity413 require validation in larger studies.

title: @entity810 during liver transplantation as determined by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['injury, failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'Acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage kidney disease']

answer: @entity15901 :: (3934,Gene) :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7874 ( @entity7874 ) secondary to @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is an inflammation-regulated process, but its pathogenesis remains unknown. We sought to assess the cellular processes that are involved in the early phases of @entity886 using a unique animal model of @entity177 -associated @entity7874 . METHODS: Aortic valves were obtained from @entity35 that were fed a @entity5507 -inducing diet exclusively for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 weeks as well as from controls. Pathological examination of the valves included histological characterization, von Kossa staining, and antigen expression analyses. RESULTS: After 2 weeks, we noted a significant increase in @entity1133 and @entity1011 levels, reflecting @entity177 . @entity177 parameters exacerbated until the Week 5 and plateaued. Whereas no histological changes or @entity730 was observed in the valves of any study group, macrophage accumulation became apparent as early as 2 weeks after the diet was started and rose after 3 weeks. By western blot, osteoblast markers were expressed after 2 weeks on the diet and decreased after 6 weeks. Collagen 3 was up-regulated after 3 weeks, plateauing at 4 weeks, whereas collagen 1 levels peaked at 2 and 4 weeks. Fibronectin levels increased gradually until Week 5 and decreased at 6 weeks. We observed early activation of the ERK pathway, whereas other pathways remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that @entity177 induces dramatic changes at the cellular level, including macrophage accumulation, activation of cell signaling pathway and extracellular matrix modification. These changes precede valve @entity730 and may increase propensity for @entity730 , and have to be investigated further.

title: Cellular Changes during Renal Failure-Induced Inflammatory XXXX .

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity7874 :: ('MESH:C562942', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic valve calcification', 'AVC']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'RF']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity886 :: (MESH:C563178,Disease) :: ['Aortic Valve Disease']


abstract: Background. @entity8523 is a rare @entity2 similar to fetal lung tissues. Surgical resection at early stage is more curative than other treatments, but there is no standard treatment in unresectable cases. We show a case treated with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab. Case. A 68-year-old @entity1 received surgical resection and was diagnosed with @entity8523 (pT3N0M0 stage IIB). @entity3 to the spleen was detected six weeks after the surgery. @entity3003 , @entity1311 , and bevacizumab were administered and showed an effect on the @entity3 . Four courses of the chemotherapy were completed, but a @entity3 was found and the @entity3 in the spleen was enlarged. After that, chemotherapy was not effective afterward and he died of the progression of @entity8523 on the 292nd day of illness. Conclusion. In this case, chemotherapy with @entity3003 and @entity1311 plus bevacizumab was temporarily efficacious for @entity8523 .

title: A Case of @entity8523 Treated with @entity3003 and XXXX plus Bevacizumab.

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumor']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity8523 :: ('MESH:D018202', 'Disease') :: ['biphasic pulmonary blastoma', 'Pulmonary blastoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis', 'metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Idiopathic @entity145 are rare lesions not associated with @entity130 or other inflammatory insults. To date, there have been few large series describing the presentation and management of these lesions. METHODS: Twenty-one cases of intradural spinal @entity145 were identified (1994-2001). Pediatric @entity1 and cases with antecedent @entity130 were excluded. There were eight @entity1 and 13 @entity1 with an average age of 52 years. Follow-up averaged 17 months. RESULTS: Cysts were most commonly found in the thoracic spine (81%). Fifteen cysts were dorsal to the spinal cord and six were ventral to the spinal cord. All @entity1 underwent laminectomy with cyst fenestration and radical cyst wall resection. Based upon intraoperative ultrasonography, four cysts were also shunted to the subarachnoid space, and seven @entity1 had an expansile duraplasty with freeze-dried dural allograft. Of the seven @entity1 with @entity1644 , three resolved with extramedullary cyst resection alone. Four required syrinx to subarachnoid shunting. Follow-up MRI demonstrated cyst resolution in all cases. All seven intramedullary syrinxes were decreased in size and four resolved completely. @entity425 (100%), @entity427 (91%), and @entity322 (80%) were more likely to improve than @entity9 (44%) and @entity1183 (33%). One @entity1 had increased @entity1183 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4037 are more likely to cause @entity425 and @entity17589 signs. Preoperative symptoms of @entity9 and @entity1183 are less likely to improve than @entity425 and @entity602 . Utilizing intraoperative ultrasound to guide aggressive surgical treatment with the adjuncts of shunting and duraplasty results in a high rate of @entity45 .

title: Intradural spinal XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity4037 :: ('MESH:D006555', 'Disease') :: ['Ventral cysts']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['Weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity145 :: ('MESH:D016080', 'Disease') :: ['arachnoid cysts']

entities_list: @entity45 :: ('MESH:D010181', 'Disease') :: ['cyst and syrinx obliteration']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity17589 :: ('MESH:D009134', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathic']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity145 :: (MESH:D016080,Disease) :: ['arachnoid cysts']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish a noninvasive tracking of the pathogenic parasite @entity2330 (Eh) after superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) labeling by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on a single-cell level in vitro and in vivo in a @entity19 model for @entity9111 ( @entity9111 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local institutional review committee on animal care approved all animal experiments. @entity2330 trophozoites were labeled with SPIO nanoparticles (SPIO-Eh). The uptake of SPIO by Eh was optimized using flow cytometry and visualized by bright field, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. The viability of SPIO-Eh was assessed in vitro by determination of growth and ingestion rate of red blood cells. Migration of SPIO-Eh was proven by in vitro MRI in a preclinical 7 T MRI system using continually repeated MRI scans. In vivo distribution of SPIO-Eh within the @entity19 liver was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively by serial respiration-triggered T2*-weighted MRI, T2-weighted MRI, and R2* MR relaxometry up to 5 days after injection and correlated with immunohistology of the liver sections after removal. RESULTS: @entity2330 can be efficiently labeled with SPIO without influence on parasite growth rate or phagocytic capacity. In vitro dynamic MRI allowed real-time migration monitoring and determination of velocity of single SPIO-Eh. In vivo SPIO-Eh showed signal decrease in T2*-weighted and increase of R2* in @entity9111 formations. Motility of SPIO-Eh was necessary to induce @entity9111 formations. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates the feasibility of an efficient magnetic labeling and a noninvasive in vitro and in vivo MR tracking of the pathogenic protozoan Eh in a @entity19 model for @entity9111 , thus representing in future a noninvasive imaging tool to study parasite, as well as on host-specific pathomechanisms.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging of pathogenic protozoan parasite XXXX labeled with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles.

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['ALA', 'amebic liver abscess']

answer: @entity2330 :: (5759,Species) :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: To describe clinically relevant between-group differences in @entity601 Anderson @entity1282 Inventory (MDADI) scores among @entity135 ( @entity135 ) @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,136 @entity135 @entity1 seen for @entity1282 ( @entity1282 ) studies. METHODS: The MDADI was administered by written questionnaire at the @entity1282 appointment. @entity601 Anderson @entity1282 Inventory global, composite, and subscale scores were calculated. Anchor-based methods were employed to determine clinically meaningful between-group differences by feeding tube status, aspiration status (per @entity1282 study), and diet level. RESULTS: Mean MDADI scores for the 1,136 @entity1 were: emotional 65.8        17.3, functional 68.1        19.6, physical 60.1        18.6, global 59.3        28.3, and composite 64.0        17.1. Three hundred seventy-eight @entity1 (33%) were feeding tube-dependent; 395 (34.8%) were aspirators; 122 (11%) were nothing per oral (Performance Status Scale-Head and Neck [PSS-HN] diet   =   0); and 249 (22%) ate unrestricted, regular diets (PSS-HN diet   =   100). Statistically significant (P < 0.0001) between-group differences (feeding tube vs. no feeding tube, aspirator vs. nonaspirator, oral vs. nonoral diet, PSS-HN diet levels) were observed for all mean MDADI scores (global, composite, and subscales). A mean difference of 10 points in composite MDADI scores differentiated feeding tube-dependent from nontube-dependent @entity1 , aspirators from nonaspirators, and distinct PSS-HN diet levels. CONCLUSIONS: We identify that a 10-point between-group difference in composite MDADI scores was associated with clinically meaningful between-group differences in swallowing function. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 126:1108-1113, 2016.

title: What is a clinically relevant difference in MDADI scores between groups of XXXX @entity1 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'HNC']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['MBS', 'Dysphagia', 'modified barium swallow']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of the clinical evolution and surgical complications comparing @entity8 . METHODS: This review of 48 consecutive pancreas transplantation includes 39 simultaneous kidney and @entity8 (PAK) grafts as well as 2 retransplantations. @entity1211 was systemic (n = 29) or portal (n = 19). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in @entity1 , kidney, or pancreas allograft survival rates. There were no significant differences in levels of @entity1011 , fasting @entity413 , C-peptide, @entity165 , and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of beta cells, namely HOMA-s and HOMA-IR index. HbA1c was lower at 6 months and 1 year in the PE group (P < .05). Twenty-two @entity1 displayed @entity260 at a mean time of presentation of 12.8 days. All of these @entity1 but 2 needed relaparotomy. The other two were treated either conservatively (1 enteric @entity292 ) or by interventional radiology ( @entity2548 ). There were 10 graft losses, 5 in each group, due to @entity715 , @entity788 , and enteric fistulae. CONCLUSION: Early graft losses were related to @entity788 and @entity715 . Intermediate-term endocrine function was similar in both groups.

title: XXXX and outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas (SKP) and 9 pancreas after kidney', 'pancreas transplantation with systemic-enteric (SE) drainage versus portal-enteric (PE) drainage']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['early postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['Venous drainage']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Portal and systemic venous drainage in pancreas and kidney-pancreas transplantation: early surgical complications']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity11648 ( @entity11648 ) was demonstrated to be  involved in the occurrence and development of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). The goal of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum @entity11648 levels and carotid intima-media thickness ( @entity6481 ) in @entity1 with a low-to-moderate @entity65 risk. METHODS AND RESULTS: Subjects with normal kidney function were selected from the Shanghai Obesity Study. Serum @entity11648 levels were determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. @entity6481 was measured by ultrasonography. The Framingham risk score (FRS) was used to assess @entity65 risk. A total of 392 @entity1 with low @entity65 risk and 372 @entity1 with moderate @entity65 risk were enrolled. The recognition rate of an elevated @entity6481 was 85.66% with the combination of a moderate @entity65 risk and high serum @entity11648 levels, which was greater than that with either parameter alone (65.44% and 61.03%, respectively). Subjects with high serum @entity11648 levels, and either low or moderate @entity65 risk, were more likely to have elevated @entity6481 than those with low serum @entity11648 levels and low @entity65 risk (P  =  0.014 and 0.001, respectively). The serum @entity11648 levels were independently and positively associated with @entity6481 in subjects with low or moderate @entity65 risk (both P  =  0.007). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with low-to-moderate @entity65 risk, serum @entity11648 levels were associated independently and positively with @entity6481 . As a complementary index, serum @entity11648 levels strengthen the capacity of the FRS to identify subclinical @entity731 .

title: Contribution of XXXX to Framingham risk score for identifying subclinical @entity731 in Chinese @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity11648 :: ('8074', 'Gene') :: ['Fibroblast growth factor 23', 'FGF23']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity11648 :: (8074,Gene) :: ['fibroblast growth factor 23']


abstract: It is generally accepted that renal compensatory growth after unilateral nephrectomy (Uni) is due to prominent @entity1184 with no involvement of protooncogenes. Neither the balance between @entity1184 and @entity1373 nor the expression of the early-growth-related genes has been studied after subtotal nephrectomy (Nx). The occurrence of cystic tubular dilatations after Nx may suggest an excessive cell proliferation in this model. We measured DNA, RNA, and protein content, number of nuclei per tubular section, as well as @entity5019 , c-jun, @entity4569 , @entity3803 , @entity672 , and @entity13719 protooncogene expression in kidneys taken at time of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after sham operation (control @entity35 ), Uni, or Nx. After Uni, @entity1373 was greater than expected (+79% for DNA at day 14) and was associated with moderate @entity1184 (+11% for protein/DNA ratio). After Nx, compensatory growth was due only to @entity1373 (+117% for DNA at day 14), with unchanged protein/DNA ratio (vs. Uni, P < 0.02). The greater @entity1373 after Nx was confirmed by nuclei counting. The protooncogene mRNA expression was constantly absent in control and Uni @entity35 , whereas that of @entity5019 and c-jun genes was detected in Nx @entity35 at day 14 with a 2- to 12-fold increment. The @entity5019 and c-jun protein levels were also increased at that time in Nx @entity35 . This suggests the following: 1) the cellular events following Uni and Nx are not the same, and 2) the late protooncogene expression in Nx exclusively could favor a particular type of cell proliferation possibly more related with cystic formation than with actual compensatory growth.

title: Subtotal but not unilateral nephrectomy induces XXXX and protooncogene expression.

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity1373 :: (MESH:D006965,Disease) :: ['hyperplasia']


abstract: PURPOSE: The prognosis of @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ) is disappointing for @entity1 who experience primary treatment failure or relapse after an initial response. @entity1 in relapse may respond again to chemotherapy, however the time to disease progression becomes shorter and eventually the disease becomes resistant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the MINE regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with relapsed or @entity1893 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-three pretreated @entity1 with a median age of 56 years were enrolled into the study between October 1995 and June 2000. Most @entity1 (60.5%) had a performance status of 0 to 1, and a diffuse large cell subtype (55.8%). Seventy-four percent of @entity1 had stage III or IV disease at the start of MINE treatment. Eighteen (41.9%) @entity1 had complete response, 5 (11.6%) had partial response, and 20 (46.5%) had failed to respond to prior therapy. @entity1260 4 g/m2 was divided over 3 days and administered IV over a 1 hour period. @entity2664 8 mg/m2 was administered as a short IV infusion on day 1. @entity2879 (65 mg/m2/day) was infused over 1 hour on days 1 to 3. A total of 144 cycles was administered, with a mean of 3.34 cycles per @entity1 (range, 1-8). The mean relative dose intensity was 87.4%. RESULTS: 1) Nine @entity1 achieved a complete response and nine @entity1 achieved a partial response, resulting in an overall response rate of 43.8% of the 41 assessable @entity1 . 2) The median survival time was 6 months (95% CI, 4 to 8 months), and the median time to failure was 5 months (95% CI, 3 to 7 months). 3) A statistically significant association with complete response rates was found for complete response to prior therapy (p=0.049). The significant factors for overall survival were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.012, respectively). The significant factors for time to treatment failure were a complete response after MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin (p=0.003, p=0.044, respectively). 4) The main result of @entity137 of MINE was @entity236 . CONCLUSION: The response to MINE chemotherapy and serum 2-microglobulin were both independent prognostic factors for overall survival and time to treatment failure. As the median time to treatment failure for complete responses was 14 months, the best use of this regimen could be in a strategy that includes prompt consolidation of a complete response with intense chemotherapy, with or without hematopoietic stem cell rescue.

title: MINE (mesna, @entity1260 , @entity2664 , XXXX ) Chemotherapy as a Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['Etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL', 'refractory NHL']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['etoposide']


abstract: @entity158 may be considered a diagnostic alarm that acknowledges but usually fails to determine the etiology of a particular clinical problem. Diagnosis thus involves the extraction of additional information from a @entity1 in order to determine rational bases for treatment. The process is ill-defined and fraught with error unless the diagnostician is aware of all and only the relevant diagnostic alternatives. This list of alternatives plus an appreciation of the likelihood of each possible diagnostic outcome determines the fastest rate that diagnostic information can be processed by any system in the absence of unpredictable events called noise. @entity1 diagnosticians must be fluent in the "language" used to convey the desired information if performance is to be optimized. In general this involves restructuring the diagnostic task into smaller pieces which are easier to digest perceptually. One way to accomplish this is to ignore or eliminate patterns which are either irrelevant or occur so rarely (or so commonly) that they usually have negligible impact on diagnostic performance. The utility of a diagnosis is determined ultimately by the degree to which it influences the health and well-being of both the @entity1 and society at large. Hence, the consequence of a particular disease may offset the low diagnostic yield per examination resulting from a low or high prevalence of the disease. When diagnostic patterns are limited by ignorance to only signs and/or symptoms such as @entity158 , the diagnostic process loses its meaning and treatment decisions are compromised necessarily by uncertainty.

title: XXXX and the diagnostic process: conceptions and misconceptions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'patient']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['Pain']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is a major cause of @entity5 in much of the world. Most CRCs arise from pre-malignant ( @entity6349 ) lesions, such as @entity6523 , and current endoscopic screening approaches with white light do not detect all @entity75 . Thus, new strategies to identify such lesions, including @entity75 , are needed. We aim to identify and validate novel peptides that specifically @entity1049 in vivo. We used phage display to identify a novel peptide that binds to @entity694 in vivo in a genetically engineered @entity19 model of colo-rectal tumorigenesis, based on somatic @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene inactivation. Binding was confirmed using confocal microscopy on biopsied @entity652 and excised @entity652 incubated with peptide ex vivo. Studies of @entity19 where a mutant @entity11518 allele was somatically activated in the colon to generate @entity5072 epithelium were also performed for comparison. Several rounds of in vivo T7 library biopanning isolated a peptide, QPIHPNNM. The fluorescent-labeled peptide bound to @entity75 on endoscopic analysis. Quantitative assessment revealed the fluorescent-labeled peptide (target/background: 2.17  0.61) binds    2-fold greater to the @entity1586 when compared to the control peptide (target/background: 1.14  0.15), p<0.01. The peptide did not bind to the non- @entity6349 ( @entity5072 ) epithelium of the @entity11518 @entity19 . This work is first to image fluorescence-labeled peptide binding in vivo that is specific towards @entity694 on wide-area surveillance. This finding highlights an innovative strategy for targeted detection to localize pre-malignant lesions that can be generalized to the epithelium of hollow organs.

title: In vivo fluorescence-based endoscopic detection of @entity694 in the XXXX using a novel peptide probe.

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer-related deaths']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic lesions', 'non-polypoid lesions']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1586 :: ('MESH:D003111', 'Disease') :: ['colonic adenomas']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'Apc']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic colonic mucosa', 'colonic dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity6349 :: ('MESH:D004416', 'Disease') :: ['dysplastic']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['target dysplastic colonic epithelium']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']