abstract: BACKGROUND: Quadrivalent live attenuated @entity683 vaccine (LAIV4) was approved in 2012 for healthy @entity1 aged 2-49 years. Beginning with the 2013-2014 @entity683 season, LAIV4 replaced trivalent live attenuated @entity683 vaccine (LAIV3). METHODS: We analyzed LAIV4 reports to VAERS, a national spontaneous reporting system. LAIV4 reports in 2013-2014 were compared to LAIV3 reports from the previous three @entity683 seasons. Medical records were reviewed for non-manufacturer serious reports (i.e., @entity204 , hospitalization, prolonged hospitalization, life-threatening illness, @entity2319 ) and reports of selected conditions of interest. We conducted Empirical Bayesian data mining to identify disproportional reporting for LAIV4. RESULTS: In 2013-2014, 12.7 million doses of LAIV4 were distributed and VAERS received 779 reports in individuals aged 2-49 years; 95% were non-serious. Expired drug administered (42%), @entity221 (13%) and cough (8%) were most commonly reported in @entity1 aged 2-17 years when LAIV4 was administered alone, while @entity10 (18%), expired drug administered (15%) and exposure during pregnancy (12%) were most common in adults aged 18-49 years. We identified one @entity204 report in a @entity1 who died from complications of @entity17692 . Among non- @entity204 serious reports, neurologic conditions were common in @entity1 and adults. In @entity1 , @entity410 (3) and @entity5011 (2) were the most common serious neurologic outcomes. We identified three serious reports of @entity565 /wheezing following LAIV4 in @entity1 . Data mining detected disproportional reporting for vaccine administration errors and for @entity683 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis of VAERS reports for LAIV4 did not identify any concerning patterns. The data mining finding for reports of @entity683 is consistent with low LAIV4 vaccine effectiveness observed for @entity66 in @entity1 in 2013-2014. Reports of LAIV4 administration to @entity1 in whom the vaccine is not recommended (e.g., pregnant @entity1 ) indicate the need for education, training and screening regarding indications.

title: Post-licensure surveillance of quadrivalent live attenuated XXXX vaccine United States, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), July 2013-June 2014.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['influenza A disease']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent disability']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza', 'influenza illness']

entities_list: @entity5011 :: ('MESH:D020275', 'Disease') :: ['Guillain-Barr   syndrome']

entities_list: @entity17692 :: ('MESH:D002528', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar vascular tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Various @entity74 cause @entity2438 associated with @entity717 and @entity302 . Here, we set out to identify the @entity74 in a consanguineous Omani family with three affected @entity1 in whom mutations in known candidate genes had been excluded beforehand. METHODS: For mutation screening, we combined autozygosity mapping and whole exome sequencing. Segregation of potential disease variants with the phenotype was verified by Sanger sequencing. A splice-site mutation was confirmed and quantified by qPCR. RESULTS: We found an autosomal recessive splice acceptor mutation in @entity5113 ( @entity70688 , @entity70689 ) in all affected individuals, which led to exon skipping, and reduced the normal full-length mRNA copy number in the @entity1 to 5% of the wild-type level. Besides @entity717 and @entity2438 , two of three affected siblings suffered from severe @entity302 . All @entity1 exhibited @entity910 of the limbs coinciding with symmetric T2 hyperintensities of the basal ganglia on cranial MRI. CONCLUSIONS: A recent report has shown dominant @entity5113 mutations to occur de novo in @entity1 with @entity717 . Here, we demonstrate that a @entity5113 -associated disorder can also be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait with heterozygous individuals being entirely healthy. Our findings expand the clinical and genetic spectrum of @entity5113 mutations to comprise @entity302 and @entity21 .

title: Recessive @entity5113 mutation associates with @entity2438 , @entity717 , @entity21 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic defect', 'genetic defects']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['extrapyramidal symptoms']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disability']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity656 ( @entity656 ) occurs frequently in @entity235 , but most previous studies examining the diagnosis of @entity656 have used data from secondary care hospitals. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of diagnostic laboratory tests in @entity235 with @entity656 in a primary care hospital. ANIMALS: Sixty-four @entity235 with clinical signs suggestive of @entity656 diagnosed with @entity66 ( @entity66 ) or @entity656 . METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed, including diagnostic laboratory tests considered potentially useful in the diagnosis of @entity656 . The diagnostic accuracy of amylase and FUJI DRI-CHEM lipase (FDC lip) were investigated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC). In addition, we verified whether diagnostic laboratory tests were useful for evaluating duration of hospitalization and as biomarkers for monitoring recovery. RESULTS: Activities of amylase and FDC lip were significantly higher in the @entity656 group than in the @entity66 group (P = .001, P < .001, respectively). The sensitivity of FDP lip activity for diagnosing @entity656 was 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7-100%); the specificity was 89.5% (95% CI, 66.9-98.7%). Area under the ROC curve for FDC lip activity was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.93-1). High @entity3929 aminotransferase (ALT) activity was associated with extended duration of hospitalization (P = .04). A significant difference in @entity25587 ( @entity25587 ) concentration before and 5 days after treatment was found (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Measurement of FDC lip activity appears useful for diagnosing @entity656 . High ALT activity might be associated with prolonged duration of hospitalization, and @entity25587 might be useful as a biomarker for monitoring recovery from @entity656 .

title: Clinical Utility of Diagnostic Laboratory Tests in XXXX with Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Investigation in a Primary Care Hospital.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['NP', 'nonpancreatic disease']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['Acute pancreatitis', 'AP']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['Dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate serial assessments of systolic coronary flow reversal in the @entity1188 related artery for predicting poor left ventricular functional recovery after reperfused acute @entity583 . SETTING: Regional hospital. @entity1 AND METHODS: 49 @entity1 with anterior acute @entity583 had transthoracic Doppler echocardiography to record coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery immediately after successful primary coronary angioplasty (day 0), and at 48 hours, one week, and three weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Coronary flow velocity at each time point; regional wall motion score index (RWMSI) at day 0 and at three weeks. Irreversible dysfunction was defined as a decrease in RWMSI to < 0.22. RESULTS: Measurements of coronary flow velocity could be made in 45 @entity1 . @entity1 were divided into three groups: no systolic flow reversal (group 1, n = 27), systolic flow reversal observed only on day 0 (group 2, n = 8), and systolic flow reversal persisting until 48 hours (group 3, n = 10). Although baseline RWMSI was similar among the three groups, the value at three weeks was significantly higher in group 3 than in the other two groups. In predicting @entity409 , the persistence of systolic flow reversal up to 48 hours had a higher positive predictive value (100%) than the presence of systolic flow reversal on day 0 (67%, p < 0.04). The negative predictive value of systolic flow reversal at 48 hours (83%) was comparable in accuracy to the presence of systolic flow reversal on day 0 (85%, NS). CONCLUSIONS: In reperfused anterior acute @entity583 , serial assessment of coronary flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery is feasible using transthoracic Doppler echocardiography, and the persistence of systolic flow reversal at 48 hours is a more specific marker of @entity409 than peak @entity908 kinase or diastolic deceleration time.

title: Persistence of systolic coronary flow reversal predicts @entity409 after reperfused anterior XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['irreversible dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Five hundred and eleven @entity1 with penetrating or perforating @entity764 were admitted to the Department of @entity65 , University Central Hospital, Helsinki, during the 25-year-period 1952-77. There were 433 stab wounds, 59 gunshot wounds and 19 other penetrating injuries. The organs most often involved were lungs (major haemo- or pneumothorax in 385 @entity1 ), heart (63 @entity1 ) and liver (61 @entity1 ). About one third of the @entity1 were in profound shock on admission. The treatment was immediate thoracotomy in 176 (35%) and laparotomy in 123 cases (24%). Tube thoracostomy was applied in 117 @entity1 and needle aspiration performed in 88 @entity1 . Nine @entity1 died (mortality of 1.8%). Two @entity1 required later open-heart procedure. One of them had an @entity2009 and the other a traumatic VSD combined with @entity886 . One of the traumatic VSDs closed spontaneously during the follow-up time. An active operative approach in the early phase seems to guarantee the best final results, especially in the most critically ill @entity1 .

title: Penetrating and perforating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aortopulmonary fistula']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve lesion']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest injuries']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injuries']


abstract: @entity22482 ( @entity18106 ) is an even-numbered @entity13961 (DA). @entity10989 are water-soluble substances with a metabolic pathway intermediate to those of lipids and @entity3363 . Previous studies showed that contrary to other DAs, very low amounts of @entity18106 are lost with urine. The effects of 46.6 mmol of @entity18106 intravenous infusion for 195 min on blood @entity413 levels were investigated in five @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ), with a good metabolic compensation, and in five healthy volunteers matched for gender, age, and body mass index. Blood samples were taken every 15 min for a period of 360 min to measure @entity413 , insulin, C-peptide, @entity6178 bodies, and free @entity844 (FFA) levels, and 24-h urine samples were collected to measure @entity18106 and @entity1133 excretion. Plasma and urinary @entity18106 concentrations were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Indirect calorimetry was continuously performed both basally and during the study period. The average 24-h urinary excretion of @entity18106 was 6.5% versus 6.7% of the administered dose, respectively, in @entity2175 @entity1 and in healthy controls. The area under the curve (AUC) values of plasma @entity18106 were 279.9 +/- 42.7 mumol in @entity2175 @entity1 and 219.7 +/- 14.0 mumol in controls (P = ns). Plasma @entity413 levels significantly decreased in @entity2175 @entity1 during @entity18106 infusion (from 7.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.4 +/- 0.8 mM at the end of the study period, P < 0.05). @entity880 plasma concentration decreased in @entity2175 @entity1 from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 1.5 +/- 0.1 mM (P < 0.001), whereas blood @entity2388 increased at the end of the experimental session from 26.0 +/- 11.6 to 99.5 +/- 14.9 microM (P < 0.01). Free @entity1718 decreased in @entity6 @entity1 from the beginning until the end of @entity18106 infusion, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. No significant increase was found between basal and final values in @entity4962 consumption and in the values of nonprotein respiratory quotient in both groups of subjects examined. The experimental data indicate that @entity18106 infusion decreases plasma @entity413 levels in @entity2175 @entity1 to normal range without influencing plasma insulin levels. The balance between @entity2388 and @entity880 was affected by @entity18106 infusion only in @entity6 @entity1 . @entity18106 might represent a fuel substrate immediately available for tissue energy requirements, especially in conditions such as @entity6 in which @entity413 metabolism is impaired.

title: The metabolic effect of @entity22482 infusion in non-insulin-dependent @entity6 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity13961 :: ('CHEBI:35692', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity22482 :: ('MESH:C036836', 'Chemical') :: ['Dodecanedioic acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate', 'Lactate']

entities_list: @entity10989 :: ('MESH:D003998', 'Chemical') :: ['Dicarboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammation-related parameters based on blood cells, including white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, platelet count, and red cell distribution width (RDW), have been shown to be associated with prognosis in many @entity5 . However, no previous study evaluated these inflammation-associated markers simultaneously in upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: A total of 195 @entity1 with UTUC who received radical nephroureterectomy between 2005 and 2010 were included retrospectively as the derivation cohort to investigate the impact of inflammation markers on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and @entity5 -specific survival (CSS). In turn, another independent set of 225 @entity1 were used for validation. Finally, we performed survival analysis in the combined cohort consisting of 420 UTUC @entity1 . RESULTS: The predictive value of RDW and WBC count on outcome was replicable in different cohorts. Multivariate analysis showed high RDW was independently associated with poor @entity1349 (P < 0.001), and WBC count was a significant prognosticator for both @entity1349 and CSS (both P < 0.001). In subgroup analysis, we found the prognostic significance of RDW for @entity1349 was limited in organ-confined disease ( <=pT2 without pN+). More importantly, a clear survival difference can be demonstrated by combining RDW and WBC count with other known prognostic factors in the risk stratification model. CONCLUSIONS: RDW and WBC count have the advantage of their common accessibility and are useful markers to predict outcome of UTUC in the preoperative setting. RDW and WBC count could provide additional prognostic value and help physicians identify @entity1 at high risk for mortality and formulate individualized treatment strategy.

title: The Prognostic Significance of Inflammation-Associated Blood Cell Markers in XXXX with Upper Tract @entity189 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: @entity4894 ( @entity4894 ), variant of acute inflammatory demyelinating @entity8954 , is recognized as clinical triad ( @entity4894 ). @entity4163 antibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute @entity8954 including @entity4894 . To our knowledge, there has been no report of @entity4894 presenting with atypical alternating @entity1736 or with concurrent elevation of serum GD1 and asialo-GM1 antibody titers, and negative titers of GQ1b antibody such as our @entity1 . Our objective is to report @entity4894 with unusual symptoms and to share our diagnostic approach. We report a rare case of @entity4894 presenting with alternating @entity1736 , @entity809 , and @entity2055 after a @entity1729 . Initial neurological examination revealed @entity1736 , @entity427 , positive Romberg sign, and @entity2055 . The ice pack test was negative. Three days later, contralateral @entity1736 was observed, associated with @entity4894 and @entity2055 . However, there was significant improvement of the previous @entity1736 . Serology revealed elevated asialo-GM1 and GD1b antibodies. @entity934 receptor antibodies were negative. Cerebral spinal fluid revealed elevated IgG index. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) performed four days after the onset of symptoms showed normal nerve conduction velocities and F-waves, and absent bilateral @entity8108 -reflexes. Repetitive nerve stimulation (3 Hz) showed no decrement of compound muscle action potentials. Trial with a single dose of @entity4836 showed no clinical improvement. The symptoms resolved without intervention. NCS 18 days after onset of symptoms showed mildly prolonged F-waves and absent H-reflexes. This case highlights an atypical presentation of @entity4894 and raises the awareness of a rare autoantibody associated with it.

title: Alternating XXXX associated with asialo-GM1 and GD1b antibodies.

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'areflexia', 'Miller Fisher syndrome', 'ophthalmoplegia-ataxia-areflexia']

entities_list: @entity8954 :: ('MESH:D011129', 'Disease') :: ['polyradiculoneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity809 :: ('MESH:D010292', 'Disease') :: ['paresthesia']

entities_list: @entity4836 :: ('MESH:D011729', 'Chemical') :: ['pyridostigmine']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['left eyelid ptosis', 'ptosis', 'eyelid ptosis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity4163 :: ('CHEBI:28892', 'Chemical') :: ['Ganglioside']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['hyporeflexia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'worsened ataxia']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1736 :: (MESH:D001763,Disease) :: ['ptosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the authors' experience with local excision of early @entity5 to assess the effectiveness of initial treatment and of salvage surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Local excision for @entity5 is appealing for its low morbidity and excellent functional results. However, its use is limited by inability to assess regional lymph nodes and uncertainty of oncologic outcome. METHODS: @entity1 with T1 and T2 @entity420 of the rectum treated by local excision as definitive surgery between 1969 to 1996 at the authors' institution were reviewed. Pathology slides were reviewed. Among 125 assessable @entity1 , 74 were T1 and 51 were T2. Thirty-one @entity1 (25%) were selected to receive adjuvant radiation therapy. Fifteen of these 31 @entity1 received adjuvant radiation in combination with @entity1487 chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 6.7 years. One hundred fifteen @entity1 (92%) were followed until @entity204 or for greater than 5 years, and 69 @entity1 (55%) were followed until @entity204 or for greater than 10 years. Recurrence was recorded as local, distant, and overall. Survival was disease-specific. RESULTS: Ten-year local recurrence and survival rates were 17% and 74% for T1 @entity5 and 26% and 72% for T2 @entity5 . Median time to relapse was 1.4 years (range 0.4-7.0) for local recurrence and 2.5 years (0.8-7.5) for distant recurrence. In @entity1 receiving radiotherapy, local recurrence was delayed (median 2.1 years vs. 1.1 years), but overall rates of local and overall recurrence and survival rates were similar to @entity1 not receiving radiotherapy. Among 26 @entity5 deaths, 8 (28%) occurred more than 5 years after local excision. On multivariate analysis, no clinical or pathologic features were predictive of local recurrence. Intratumoral vascular invasion was the only significant predictor of survival. Among 34 @entity1 who developed @entity5 recurrence, the pattern of first clinical recurrence was predominantly local: 50% local only, 18% local and distant, and 32% distant only. Among the 17 @entity1 with isolated local recurrence, 14 underwent salvage resection. Actuarial survival among these surgically salvaged @entity1 was 30% at 6 years after salvage. CONCLUSIONS The long-term risk of recurrence after local excision of T1 and T2 @entity5 is substantial. Two thirds of @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence have local failure, implicating inadequate resection in treatment failure. In this study, neither adjuvant radiotherapy nor salvage surgery was reliable in preventing or controlling local recurrence. The postoperative interval to @entity5 @entity204 is as long as 10 years, raising concern that @entity5 mortality may be higher than is generally appreciated. Additional treatment strategies are needed to improve the outcome of local excision.

title: Long-term results of local excision for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'rectal cancers', 'cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity548 . Six @entity235 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity1372 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity1508 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity26 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity64 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity64 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity1425 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity452 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity7202 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity452 administered at the low dose before @entity548 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity452 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity1425 was the most effective dose of @entity1425 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity452 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity1425 than with @entity452 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity1425 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in @entity1508 -anesthetized XXXX before and after @entity548 .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The main adverse effect of @entity6414 is nephrotoxicity. There are few data on polymyxin-associated @entity8 . OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for @entity810 ( @entity810 ) in @entity1 treated with @entity6414 . METHODS: The studied population included 114 @entity1 who received at least 3 consecutive days of intravenous @entity6414 and had baseline serum @entity1011 (SCr) and at least one further SCr measurement during treatment. @entity810 was defined as an SCr increase to 1.8 mg/dL or greater in @entity1 with baseline SCr less than 1.5 mg/dL, or an increase greater than or equal to 50% in baseline SCr when it was already greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, or need for dialysis. RESULTS: @entity810 developed in 22% of the @entity1 . They were older, had a higher baseline SCr, had a higher frequency of baseline SCr greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/dL, used other nephrotoxic drugs and @entity1483 more often, and required vasoactive drugs and mechanical ventilation more frequently. Progression to @entity177 was significantly more probable when the bacteria were isolated in the abdomen, catheter, or blood. @entity810 @entity1 had a higher mortality rate (92% vs 53%; p < 0.001). Logistic regression identified abnormal baseline SCr (odds ratio [OR] 3.51); need for vasoactive drugs (OR 3.03); and abdomen, blood, or catheter as the infection site (OR 3.82) as independent risk factors for @entity810 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who developed @entity810 had a strikingly elevated mortality rate. @entity6414 should be used with extreme caution in @entity1 who have an abnormal baseline SCr; use vasoactive drugs; or have abdomen, blood, or catheter as the infection site.

title: Prevalence and risk factors for XXXX associated with parenteral @entity6414 use.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal injury']

entities_list: @entity6414 :: ('MESH:D011112', 'Chemical') :: ['Polymyxin B', 'polymyxin B']

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute kidney injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of @entity2719 scans to determine whether residual masses consist of viable @entity5 or @entity39 fibrous tissue after chemotherapy for @entity4797 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 were enrolled and 27 were assessable. @entity1 receiving first-line or salvage chemotherapy had @entity2719 scans performed during their first and last scheduled course of chemotherapy and results were compared with restaging computed tomographic (CT) scans and subsequent clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 27 assessable @entity1 , 22 received first-line chemotherapy (group A) and five salvage chemotherapy (group B). Eight @entity1 were not @entity2719 -avid before chemotherapy despite obvious clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity3 . Eighteen of 19 @entity2719 -positive @entity1 had a persistent mass postchemotherapy on abdominal CT. Of 16 @entity1 in group A whose @entity5 were @entity2719 -avid, all 16 had normalized @entity2719 scans after chemotherapy. However, two of these 16 @entity1 recurred in their original disease site. In group B, there were three @entity1 with @entity2719 -avid @entity5 and all three had normalized scans postchemotherapy. Two @entity1 who were not @entity2719 -avid (one each in group A and B) also developed recurrent disease. Twenty-four of 27 @entity1 are alive with no evidence of active disease at a median follow-up time of 18 months, including 20 with more than 1 year of follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Eight of 27 @entity1 had false-negative @entity2719 scans at the time of diagnosis. All nineteen @entity2719 scans that were initially positive reverted to normal after chemotherapy. Two of 19 @entity1 ' follow-up @entity2719 scans were false-negative. We therefore feel that @entity2719 scans have minimal value in the prechemotherapy or postchemotherapy evaluation of @entity3 .

title: @entity2719 scans in the evaluation of residual masses after chemotherapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic seminoma']

answer: @entity4797 :: (MESH:D018239,Disease) :: ['seminoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity64 and @entity1313 are well-known @entity75 . The incidence of lower urinary tract dysfunction (LUTD) in these @entity1 ranges from 14% to 53%, mostly @entity2182 ( @entity2182 ), and is higher when the frontal cortex is involved. This presumably reflects damage at the prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, and other areas that regulate (mainly inhibit) the micturition reflex. @entity62 ( @entity62 ) is a chronic, bilateral form of @entity66 , leading to a high prevalence of @entity2182 (up to 90%). Since @entity62 is particularly common in the elderly, @entity62 may be one of the anatomic substrates for elderly @entity2182 . @entity131 and normal-pressure @entity1276 are rather diffuse @entity75 , which cause @entity2182 with a prevalence rate of 60-95%. Recent neuroimaging studies have shown a relationship between LUTD and the frontal cortex in these diseases. Data on other @entity75 , particularly affecting deep @entity75 , are limited. Small @entity1188 , @entity5 , or inflammatory diseases affecting the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and cerebellum lead to mainly @entity2182 . In contrast, similar diseases affecting the brainstem lead to either @entity2182 or urinary retention. The latter reflects damage at the periaqueductal gray and the pontine micturition center that directly relay and modulate the micturition reflex. @entity322 ( @entity322 ) in @entity75 can be divided into two types: neurogenic @entity322 (due to @entity2182 ) and functional @entity322 (immobility and @entity73 ). These two types of @entity322 may occur together, but management differs significantly. Management of neurogenic @entity322 includes anticholinergic drugs that do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier easily. Management of functional @entity322 includes behavioral therapy (timed/prompted voiding with physical assistance and bladder/pelvic floor training) and drugs to treat gait as well as cognition that facilitate continence. These treatments will maximize the quality of life in @entity1 with @entity75 .

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunction in XXXX with @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['UI', 'Urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain structures', 'brain diseases', 'brain disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['loss of initiative/cognition']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2182 :: ('MESH:D053201', 'Disease') :: ['overactive bladder', 'OAB']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['White-matter disease', 'WMD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: When ingested, pectin can lower serum @entity165 levels in @entity1 . Pectin is degraded by fecal bacteria in the colon. We examined the release of @entity1042 ( @entity2716 ) by this degradation. A 0.2% @entity413 (2 g/L) mixture was used as the control medium. A pure culture of pectinolytic @entity17367 was the control bacterium. The chief substrates were, in set 1, 0.2% pectin (2 g/L) and, in set 2, 0.1% @entity413 (1 g/L) and 0.1% pectin (1 g/L). Cultures of fecal bacteria and @entity17367 grew for 72 h in each of the solutions. By 72 h the fecal flora culture in set 1 cleaved 30% of the possible @entity15394 groups on pectin. The fecal flora in set 2 cleaved 90.7% of all possible @entity15394 groups. Balance studies suggest that all of the free @entity2716 comes from @entity15394 groups on pectin. This study demonstrates that fecal bacteria are capable of degrading pectin to release @entity2716 .

title: @entity1042 production from the degradation of pectin by XXXX colonic bacteria.

entities_list: @entity17367 :: ('554', 'Species') :: ['Erwinia carotovora', 'E carotovora']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity15394 :: ('CHEBI:32772', 'Chemical') :: ['methoxyl']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In vivo studies were conducted in @entity35 to determine the role of @entity4854 and hypoinsulinemia in the previously reported @entity409 and increase in the serum concentrations of 70-kDa @entity941 -dextran (FD-70) in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) rats. The serum, urine, and hepatic concentrations of FD-70 were measured by size exclusion chromatography after i.v. administration of a single doses (5 mg/kg) of FD-70. Intravenous administration of a single 2 IU/kg dose of insulin to @entity6 @entity35 at time zero or 4 h after the administration of FD-70 resulted in an increase in some and no change in other animals in their rate of elimination of FD-70 from serum. The presence or absence of a significant insulin effect on the disposition of FD-70 in these animals was, respectively, associated with the presence or absence of a significant insulin-induced hypoglycemic effect. Fasting @entity6 @entity35 for 24 h caused normoglycemia, and subsequently, the disposition of FD-70 became similar to that in @entity7964 ( @entity7964 ) @entity35 . Likewise, i.p. injections of @entity413 to @entity7964 @entity35 rendered them hyperglycemic, and the disposition of FD-70 in these @entity35 became similar to that in untreated @entity6 animals. However, i.v. injection of @entity413 , which did not result in sustained @entity4854 , did not change the disposition of FD-70 in @entity7964 @entity35 . Further, the disposition of FD-70 remained unaffected by an i.v. 2 IU/kg dose of insulin administered to @entity7964 @entity35 at time zero. Considering all animals, there was a significant negative relationship between the 12-h hepatic recovery of FD-70 and the area under the serum concentration-time curves of @entity413 . It is concluded that the @entity409 of FD-70 in @entity6 @entity35 is due to @entity4854 and not

title: XXXX -induction @entity409 of 70-kDA dextran: role of @entity4854 and hypoinsulinemia.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'D']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the hepatic accumulation']

entities_list: @entity7964 :: ('OMIM:612551', 'Disease') :: ['nondiabetic', 'ND']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['Diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An improvement in bond strength to enamel has been demonstrated with the use of @entity8718 prior to bonding with self-etch @entity11379 -based adhesive agents. No research has evaluated the effect of @entity8718 etching of enamel with a newer self-etch @entity16971 adhesive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shear-bond strength of composite to enamel using the self-etch @entity16971 adhesive compared to other self-etching @entity11379 -based adhesives, with or without a separate application of @entity8718 . @entity291 incisors were sectioned using a @entity11710 saw and mounted in plastic pipe. The bonding agents were applied to flattened enamel surfaces with or without the application of 35% @entity8718 . The bonded tooth specimens were inserted beneath a mold, and composite was placed incrementally and light cured. The specimens were stored for 24 hours and six months in water and tested in shear. Data were analyzed with a three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate the effects of surface treatment, adhesive agent, or time on the bond strength of composite to @entity291 enamel (a=0.05). Significant differences were found between the groups based on surface treatment (p<0.01) or adhesive agent (p<0.01), but not on time (p=0.19), with no significant interactions (p>0.14). @entity8718 etching of @entity291 enamel significantly increased the bond strength of the self-etch @entity11379 and the @entity16971 adhesives. The @entity11379 -based adhesives had significantly greater bond strength to enamel than the @entity16971 adhesive.

title: Effect of Selective Etch on the Bond Strength of Composite to Enamel Using a XXXX Adhesive.

entities_list: @entity8718 :: ('MESH:C030242', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphoric-acid', 'phosphoric acid', 'phosphoric-acid']

entities_list: @entity11379 :: ('CHEBI:25218', 'Chemical') :: ['methacrylate']

answer: @entity16971 :: (MESH:D062047,Chemical) :: ['Silorane']


abstract: @entity11 are highly lethal @entity5 resistant to current therapies. The standard treatment modality for these @entity5 , surgical resection followed by radiation therapy and concurrent @entity2903 , has demonstrated activity, but development of resistance and disease progression is common. Although oncogenic Ras mutations are uncommon in @entity11 , Ras has been found to be constitutively activated through the action of upstream signaling pathways, suggesting that farnesyltransferase inhibitors may show activity against these @entity5 . We now report the in vitro and orthotopic in vivo results of combination therapy using radiation, @entity2903 and @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ), an oral @entity11349 transferase inhibitor, in a @entity19 model of @entity463 . We examined the viability, proliferation, farnesylation of @entity8498 , and activation of downstream signaling of combination-treated U87 cells in vitro. @entity38450 alone or in combination with radiation and @entity2903 had limited @entity5 cell @entity137 in vitro although it did demonstrate significant inhibition in @entity5 cell proliferation. In vivo, @entity38450 alone had a modest ability to inhibit orthotopic U87 @entity5 , radiation and @entity2903 demonstrated better inhibition, while significant anti- @entity5 activity was found with concurrent @entity38450 , radiation, and @entity2903 , with the majority of animals demonstrating a decrease in @entity5 volume. The use of @entity5 neurospheres derived from freshly resected adult @entity1 @entity463 tissue was relatively resistant to both @entity2903 and radiation therapy. @entity38450 had a significant inhibitory activity against these neurospheres and could potentate the activity of @entity2903 and radiation. These data support the continued research of high grade @entity11 treatment combinations of @entity11349 transferase inhibitors, @entity2903 , and radiation therapy.

title: @entity38450 ( @entity38450 ) improves the activity of @entity2903 and radiation for orthotopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11349 :: ('CHEBI:24017', 'Chemical') :: ['farnesyl']

entities_list: @entity38450 :: ('MESH:C115354', 'Chemical') :: ['Lonafarnib', 'SCH66336', 'lonafarnib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant gliomas', 'glioma', 'gliomas']

entities_list: @entity2903 :: ('MESH:C047246', 'Chemical') :: ['temozolomide']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['malignant gliomas']


abstract: Reexpansion @entity3126 is an uncommon @entity532 following rapid reexpansion of the lungs. The risk increases with a prolonged duration of @entity358 , the amount of drained liquid or air, and with decreased time of draining. Treatment is supportive. In general, the prognosis is favorable. A nine-year-old @entity1 was presented with @entity221 , cough, and @entity649 . @entity55 and left-sided @entity4327 were determined and a chest tube was emplaced. Clinical deterioration occurred in just a few minutes following chest tube insertion. His chest radiography revealed a @entity3126 in the left lung. Despite mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, and diuretic treatment, no significant improvement occurred. Acute @entity649 and multiple organ dysfunctions developed in the follow-up. The @entity1 died on day 5 of hospitalization. In this report, a complicated reexpansion @entity3126 with a lathal outcome in a 9-year-old @entity1 is presented.

title: Bilateral reexpansion @entity3126 associated with XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boy', 'child']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome', 'respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['complication']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary collapse']

entities_list: @entity4327 :: ('MESH:D016724', 'Disease') :: ['pleural empyema']

answer: @entity4327 :: (MESH:D016724,Disease) :: ['pleural empyema']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rituximab induces @entity1985 ( @entity1985 ) remission in two-thirds of @entity1 with primary @entity8 ( @entity8 ), even after other treatments have failed. To assess the relationships among treatment effect, circulating nephritogenic anti- @entity3900 receptor (anti- @entity8164 ) autoantibodies and genetic polymorphisms predisposing to antibody production we serially monitored 24-hour @entity644 and antibody titer in @entity1 with primary @entity8 and long-lasting @entity1985 consenting to rituximab (375 mg/m(2)) therapy and genetic analyses. Over a median (range) follow-up of 30.8 (6.0-145.4) months, 84 of 132 rituximab-treated @entity1 achieved complete or partial @entity1985 remission (primary end point), and 25 relapsed after remission. Outcomes of @entity1 with or without detectable anti- @entity8164 antibodies at baseline were similar. Among the 81 patients with antibodies, lower anti- @entity8164 antibody titer at baseline (P=0.001) and full antibody depletion 6 months post-rituximab (hazard ratio [HR], 7.90; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.54 to 24.60; P<0.001) strongly predicted remission. All 25 complete remissions were preceded by complete anti- @entity8164 antibody depletion. On average, 50% anti- @entity8164 titer reduction preceded equivalent @entity644 reduction by 10 months. Re-emergence of circulating antibodies predicted disease relapse (HR, 6.54; 95% CI, 1.57 to 27.40; P=0.01), whereas initial complete remission protected from the event (HR, 6.63; 95% CI, 2.37 to 18.53; P<0.001). Eighteen @entity1 achieved persistent antibody depletion and complete remission and never relapsed. Outcome was independent of @entity8164 and @entity8167 polymorphisms and of previous immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, assessing circulating anti- @entity8164 autoantibodies and @entity644 may help in monitoring disease activity and guiding personalized rituximab therapy in @entity1985 @entity1 with primary @entity8 .

title: Anti- XXXX Receptor Antibody Titer Predicts Post-Rituximab Outcome of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'MN']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['NS', 'nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity3900 :: (151056,Gene) :: ['Phospholipase A2']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Evidence regarding the different treatment options of @entity159 ( @entity159 ) in adults is scarce. Large randomized trials cover only one treatment at early stage and suggest the superiority of @entity1245 over placebo, of intravenous @entity2934 over intravenous @entity3175 or over intravenous @entity3174 alone, and of intramuscular @entity1363 over intravenous @entity2934 . However, many @entity1 will not be treated successfully with the first treatment step. A large randomized trial covering the treatment of established status (ESETT) has just been funded recently by the NIH and will not start before 2015, with expected results in 2018; a trial on the treatment of refractory status with general anesthetics was terminated early due to insufficient recruitment. Therefore, a prospective multicenter observational registry was set up; this may help in clinical decision-making until results from randomized trials are available. METHODS/DESIGN: SENSE is a prospective, multicenter registry for @entity1 treated for @entity159 . The primary objective is to document @entity1 characteristics, treatment modalities and in-house outcome of consecutive adults admitted for @entity159 treatment in each of the participating centres and to identify predictors of outcome. Pre-treatment, treatment-related and outcome variables are documented systematically. To allow for meaningful multivariate analysis in the @entity1 subgroups with refractory @entity159 , a cohort size of 1000 @entity1 is targeted. DISCUSSION: The results of the study will provide information about risks and benefits of specific treatment steps in different @entity1 groups with @entity159 at different points of time. Thus, it will support clinical decision-making and, furthermore, it will be helpful in the planning of treatment trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: DRKS00000725.

title: Making SENSE - Sustained Effort Network for treatment of XXXX as a multicenter prospective registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['Status Epilepticus']


abstract: @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ), or @entity1884 , is an @entity74 . The clinical manifestations are @entity1415 , @entity344 , and @entity2758 in internal organs. @entity1 show severe @entity1415 , and/or @entity360 , both of which notably interfere with their quality of life. There are two predominant types of @entity1884 caused by mutations in @entity6459 ( @entity6459 ) and @entity14077 ( @entity14077 ) genes, named @entity6459 and @entity14077 , respectively. @entity6459 and @entity14077 code for proteins involved in the transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 signaling pathway, and it is widely accepted that @entity1884 pathogenicity results from haploinsufficiency. No cure for @entity1884 has been found, so identification of drugs able to increase the expression of these genes is essential when proposing new therapies. We report the efficacy of @entity1140 ( @entity1140 ) in increasing @entity6459 and @entity14077 expression. The rationale comes from a case report of a @entity1 with @entity1884 who received a liver transplantation after @entity1578 due to a @entity99 . The liver was transplanted, and the immunosuppressor @entity1140 was used to prevent the rejection. After the first month of @entity1140 treatment, the internal and external @entity8721 , epistaxes, and @entity417 disappeared. Here, we find that the immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases the protein and mRNA expression of @entity6459 and @entity14077 in cultured endothelial cells and enhances the @entity2533 / @entity14077 signaling pathway and endothelial cell functions like tubulogenesis and migration. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of @entity1140 involves a partial correction of @entity6459 and @entity14077 haploinsufficiency and may therefore be an interesting drug for use in @entity1 with @entity1884 who undergo transplantation.

title: Immunosuppressor @entity1140 increases XXXX and activin receptor-like kinase 1 expression and modulates @entity2533 signaling in endothelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2758 :: ('MESH:D001165', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous malformations']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectases']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['mucocutaneous and gastrointestinal telangiectases']

entities_list: @entity1884 :: ('MESH:D013683', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia', 'Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome', 'HHT']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity14077 :: ('94', 'Gene') :: ['ALK1', 'HHT2', 'ACVRL1/activin receptor-like kinase 1']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['liver arteriovenous malformation']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity6459 :: (2022,Gene) :: ['endoglin']


abstract: Knowledge on pinniped immunology is still in its infancy. For instance, age-related and developmental aspects of the immune system in pinnipeds need to be better described. The present study examined the phagocytic activity and efficiency of harbour, grey and @entity13484 leukocytes. In the first part of the study, peripheral blood was collected from captive female harbour seals of various ages. Data showed an age-related decrease in phagocytosis in female harbour seals from sub-adult to adulthood. In the second part of the study, changes in phagocytosis were quantified during lactation in wild newborn harbour, grey and @entity13484 and in their mothers (harp and @entity19694 ). In newborns of the same age, leukocytes of harbour and @entity13484 phagocytosed less than those of @entity19694 pups. The phagocytic activity and efficiency increased significantly from early to mid-lactation in newborn harbour seals, and from early to late lactation in newborn @entity19694 , which could suggest that the transfer of phagocytosis-promoting factor(s) in colostrum is an important feature of temporary protection for pups. In contrast, no changes in phagocytic activity and efficiency were observed in lactating females of the two seal species, harp and grey, examined. At late lactation, phagocytic activity in both grey and @entity13484 pups and phagocytic efficiency in @entity19694 pups were significantly higher than in their mothers. These results could reflect either the capacity of phagocytes of the newborn harp and @entity19694 to respond to pathogens. Results from this study suggest that the phagocytosis of the seal species examined is not fully developed at birth as it generally increases in pups during lactation. Thereafter, the phagocytic activity of seals appears to decrease throughout adulthood.

title: Phagocytosis in pup and adult harbour, grey and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity19694 :: ('9711', 'Species') :: ['grey seals', 'grey seal']

entities_list: @entity13484 :: ('39089', 'Species') :: ['harp seals', 'harp seal']

answer: @entity13484 :: (39089,Species) :: ['harp seals']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Chronic @entity1956 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study comparing the efficacy of @entity24488 and @entity16332 with respect to their impact on serum and hepatic viral DNA clearance, and improvement in hepatic necro-inflammatory score, in naive @entity1 of chronic @entity1956 . METHODS: This prospective randomized pilot study was conducted in Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, involving 30 @entity1 of chronic @entity1956 (both e antigen positive and negative); 15 were randomly selected to receive either @entity24488 or @entity16332 for a period of 6 months. Quantification of serum and hepatic @entity97 DNA levels was done by real time PCR and liver biopsy was done at the beginning and end of 6 months. RESULTS: Serum ALT was elevated to 2 or more times normalized in both the groups. In the @entity24488 group, two @entity1 became HBeAg negative. In the @entity16332 group, one @entity1 became HBeAg negative. After therapy @entity97 DNA was negative in 26.7 per cent @entity1 from @entity24488 group and 13.3 per cent @entity1 from @entity16332 group. Serum HBV DNA levels were correlated with the hepatic levels before therapy (r=0.843; P<0.001) and after therapy (r=0.713, P<0.001) showing strong correlation. There was a median reduction of 1.92 and 2.06 log copies per ml in serum HBV DNA load after @entity24488 and @entity16332 therapy, respectively. The mean reduction in the histology activity index (HAI) score was 2 and 1.53, @entity82 score was 2.33 and 3.06 after @entity24488 and @entity16332 therapy respectively. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: @entity24488 and @entity16332 treatment caused biochemical and serological improvement when administered for about 6 months with significant reduction in HBV DNA, serum and hepatic viral load without completely clearing the virus from either serum or liver. It also helped in @entity32 and @entity82 score of @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 . Our study also showed significant correlation between serum and hepatic @entity97 DNA levels both before and after therapy. There was not enough evidence to show therapeutic advantage of one drug over the other in any of the parameters measured.

title: Evaluation of @entity24488 _ @entity16332 in chronic @entity1956 : correlation with @entity97 viral kinetic, hepatic-necro inflammation _ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of the necro-inflammatory']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16332 :: ('MESH:D019259', 'Chemical') :: ['lamivudine']

entities_list: @entity24488 :: ('MESH:C053001', 'Chemical') :: ['adefovir', 'Adefovir']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The extent of the benefit of @entity3866 in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is still controversial when compared with @entity1205 . This meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of @entity3866 with @entity1205 for different @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched Cochrane Library, PubMed, CNKI, and identified 23 randomized controlled clinical trials from 2008 to 2015. According to our further full-text screening, 6 clinical trials were included in the final meta-analysis. RESULTS: Six papers were included in this study. The progression-free survival (PFS), @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), objective response rate (ORR), and @entity137 were included in our outcomes. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) of PFS was 1.57 (95% confidential index [CI] = 1.47-1.69). The pooled HR of @entity1349 was 1.66 (95% CI = 1.43-1.92). The pooled risk ratio of ORR was 0.56 (95% CI = 0.35-0.91). The @entity137 analysis showed odds ratio = 1.79 (95% CI = 1.20-2.69). CONCLUSIONS: In terms of PFS, @entity1349 , and @entity137 the effect of @entity3866 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 @entity1 is superior to @entity1205 .

title: A meta-analysis of @entity3866 versus XXXX for @entity1149 with poor prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1205 :: (MESH:C067311,Chemical) :: ['docetaxel']


abstract: @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) is characterised by @entity410 that are regularly elicited by some specific stimulus or event mediated by neural pathways. In a prospective study of 1287 @entity302 @entity1 seen at Peradeniya, 223 (17.3%) were found to have @entity5516 , eating being the commonest stimulus (191 @entity1 , 85.7%). @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) was relatively rare. Intermittent photic stimulation on 874 unselected @entity302 @entity1 produced a positive @entity43205 response in 60 (6.9%). None had photosensitive @entity410 , but 3 had a higher frequency of @entity410 while watching television. @entity5516 ( @entity5516 ) had the highest prevalence at Peradeniya (148/1000 @entity302 @entity1 ). This group was male predominant, and the onset of @entity302 in most cases was in the second decade. The majority experienced @entity410 . Repetitive and chronic stimulation of the amygdala during eating is suggested as the mechanism underlying @entity5516 . Twenty-one @entity1 had @entity410 evoked by calculation, problem solving or spatial tasks. @entity3149 was the commonest form of @entity302 in them. Although @entity5516 itself is rare, @entity302 ( @entity302 ) was common. There were 8 @entity1 who self-induced @entity410 . The majority were photosensitive and they induced @entity410 by gazing at the sun and waving a hand in front of the eyes. In the management of REs, clobazam produced impressive results. As for possible @entity410 -inhibitory mechanisms, our studies on a "Sathi" mediator showed definite EEG changes during mediation. Can mediation increase the @entity410 -threshold and abort or prevent the propagation of the @entity302 discharge? The answer, apart from its possible therapeutic applications, may provide insight into the mechanisms of @entity410 generation.

title: XXXX : experience in Sri Lanka.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'partial complex seizures']

entities_list: @entity5516 :: ('MESH:D020195', 'Disease') :: ['Photosensitive epilepsy', 'Eating epilepsy', 'PSE', 'RE', 'Reflex epilepsy', 'EE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['seizure disorder', 'epileptic', 'epilepsy', 'self-induced epilepsy', 'SIE']

entities_list: @entity3149 :: ('MESH:D020190', 'Disease') :: ['Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity43205 :: ('OMIM:132100', 'Disease') :: ['photoconvulsive']

answer: @entity5516 :: (MESH:D020195,Disease) :: ['Reflex epilepsies']


abstract: The bioavailability and diuretic effect of @entity1483 40 mg administered orally for at least 6 months have been compared in @entity1 with @entity1576 and in healthy controls. The mean urinary recovery of unchanged drug was 11.5 mg and 9.41 mg in 24 h after pre- and postprandial administration to 10 @entity1 , whereas the recovery was 14.4 mg in 10 healthy subjects. The diuretic effect, in terms of urine flow and @entity1372 ion excretion in the 6 h after administration, was also less in @entity1 than in healthy subjects. This was ascribed to the lower bioavailability of @entity1483 in @entity1 , based on the urinary recovery of unchanged drug, and not to a lower level of response to @entity1483 than in healthy subjects. The mean absolute bioavailability of @entity1483 in 6 @entity1 was 41.3% and 63.4%, respectively, calculated from unchanged drug and total drug (unchanged plus glucuronide conjugate). Approximately 53.9% of the dose of @entity1483 was excreted as the glucuronide conjugate after oral administration, and 34.2% after i.v. injection in the 6 @entity1 . In 3 of the 6 @entity1 studied, a distinct first-pass effect for glucuronidation of @entity1483 was observed after oral administration. In another study, the mean glucuronide fraction recovered in 24-h urine was 20.7% and 7.3% (p less than 0.01) in 38 @entity1 and 12 healthy subjects, respectively. The fraction in urine was not affected by changing the dose of @entity1483 from 20 to 120 mg. The lower bioavailability in @entity1 as compared to healthy subjects is ascribed to enhanced glucuronidation and incomplete drug absorption.

title: Bioavailability and diuretic effect of XXXX during long-term treatment of @entity1576 .

entities_list: @entity1483 :: ('MESH:D005665', 'Chemical') :: ['furosemide']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['chronic respiratory failure']

answer: @entity1483 :: (MESH:D005665,Chemical) :: ['furosemide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although the @entity376 analogs @entity927 ( @entity928 ) and @entity7115 ( @entity930 ) are used widely for antifibrinolytic therapy in cardiac surgery, relatively little research has been performed on their safety profiles, especially in the setting of cardiac surgery. Two antifibrinolytic protocols using either @entity928 or @entity7115 were compared according to postoperative outcome. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. SETTING: A university-affiliated hospital. @entity1 : Six hundred four @entity1 undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: One cohort of 275 consecutive @entity1 received @entity928 ; a second cohort of 329 consecutive @entity1 was treated with EACA. Except for antifibrinolytic therapy, the anesthetic and surgical teams and their protocols remained unchanged. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Besides major outcome criteria, namely @entity86 , the need for allogeneic transfusions, operative revision because of @entity548 , @entity8 , neurologic events, @entity712 , and in-hospital mortality, the authors specifically sought differences between the groups concerning @entity410 . The 2 cohorts were comparable over a range of perioperative factors. @entity410 occurred significantly more frequently in @entity928 @entity1 (7.6% v 3.3%, p = 0.019), whereas EACA @entity1 had a higher incidence of @entity8 (20.0% v 30.1%, p = 0.005). There were no differences in all other measured major outcome factors. CONCLUSION: Both @entity376 analogs are associated with significant side effects, which must be taken into account when performing risk-benefit analyses of their use. Their use should be restricted to @entity1 at high risk for @entity548 ; routine use on low-risk @entity1 undergoing standard surgeries should face renewed critical reappraisal.

title: @entity410 after open heart surgery: comparison of   - XXXX and @entity927 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Postoperative seizures']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity7115 :: ('MESH:D000614', 'Chemical') :: ['aminocaproic acid']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity7115 :: (MESH:D000614,Chemical) :: ['aminocaproic acid']


abstract: Previous phase I, II, and III studies on high-dose @entity1259 (HDEPI), alone or in combination with @entity900 (CP), indicate an interesting activity of this drug in the treatment of @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). However, the toxicological profile of HDEPI limits its prolonged use. In our experience, @entity1206 (VNR) seems to be a suitable drug for long-term monotherapy for advanced @entity1149 . On these grounds, advanced @entity1149 @entity1 were treated with the following strategy: 3 consecutive cycles of CP 60 mg/m2 and HDEPI 120 mg/m2 on day 1, every 3 weeks; then, irrespective of response, weekly VNR at a dose of 25 mg/m2 was administered at home. From December 1996 to March 1998, 25 @entity1 entered the study. After receiving 3 cycles of CP/HDEPI, 8 @entity1 (32%) had a partial response and 3 (12%) had a minor response. Nine @entity1 had stable disease (36%) and 4 (16%) had progressive disease. Twenty-three @entity1 received weekly VNR, and the median number of administrations was 10 (range, 1-38). After VNR treatment, we observed a partial response in 2 @entity1 who previously had stable disease. Therefore, the overall response rate to sequential treatment was 40%; median time to progression was 7 months (range, 2-26 months). The major @entity137 due to the CP/HDEPI regimen were @entity1398 (72%) and @entity1665 (80%). During the VNR treatment, grade 3/4 @entity1398 was seen in 36% of @entity1 . The doses and the timing of VNR administrations were modified according to @entity137 . Symptoms such as cough, @entity1353 , and @entity158 , present in 21 @entity1 before the treatment, improved in 11 cases (52%). Median overall survival is 9 months (range, 3-40+ months); one @entity1 is still alive after 40 months. One- and 2-year survival rates are, respectively, 44% and 16%. This study confirms the activity of CP/HDEPI in @entity1149 and indicates that the sequential treatment of CP/HDEPI for 3 cycles followed by weekly VNR could be considered an effective strategy for locally advanced or metastatic @entity1149 .

title: Phase II study of sequential treatment of advanced @entity1149 : three cycles of high-dose @entity1259 plus XXXX followed by weekly @entity1206 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: This study aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effects of @entity12698 on the expression of @entity1611 ( @entity1611 ) and @entity519 -inducible transcription factor 1a ( @entity1965 ) in a @entity19 model for @entity26 -induced @entity989 (OIR). The OIR @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 from postnatal day 7 (P7) to @entity15050 , after which the @entity19 were randomly assigned to two groups ( @entity12698 and vehicle) and were brought to room air for additional five days. @entity12698 or vehicle was administered from @entity15050 to @entity14802 . Age-matched @entity19 maintained in room air from birth to @entity14802 were administered vehicle from @entity15050 to @entity14802 (RA group). Blood vessel profiles in the retina were used to count by histologic methods. Retina protein and mRNA of @entity1611 and @entity1965 were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western-blot and RT-PCR. Compared with the RA group, the OIR @entity19 exhibited over-expression in @entity1611 and @entity1965 mRNA and protein. In addition, they had a positive and spatial correlation. @entity12698 - treated OIR @entity19 reduced the @entity2479 and the levels of @entity1611 and @entity1965 . These data suggest that @entity12698 inhibits retinal pathogenic angiogenesis through down-regulating @entity1965 expression which suppressing @entity1611 transcription. @entity12698 could potentially serve as a portent pharmaceutical agent to inhibit retinal angiogenesis.

title: @entity12698 attenuates retinal angiogenesis in a XXXX model of @entity26 -induced @entity989 .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascular tufts']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1611 :: ('22339(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: The aim of this paper is to review recent literature on suicide and self- @entity1277 ( @entity1277 ) including @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ), @entity1279 ( @entity1279 ), and @entity5550 ( @entity5550 ). Among psychiatric diagnoses, @entity26144 are associated with increased mortality rates, even when specialized treatment is available. Of the mortalities that are reported in individuals with @entity26144 , suicide is among the most commonly reported causes of @entity204 . Additionally, suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors occur frequently in this clinical population. A literature search was undertaken using the databases of Medline/PubMed and PsycInfo to identify papers describing suicidality in individuals with @entity1277 diagnoses. The authors identified studies and review articles published between 2005-2013 (inclusive) that describe the relationship between @entity26144 and suicide, and associated behaviors including self-injurious behaviors, or @entity130 ( @entity130 ). The initial search resulted in 1095 papers that met the a priori search criteria. After careful review, 66 papers were included. The majority of papers described clinical cohorts that were studied longitudinally. The diagnosis described most frequently in selected studies was @entity1278 . There are limited current data about the prevalence of suicide and @entity130 among individuals with @entity26144 . Among the published studies that focus specifically on the relationship between @entity26144 and suicidality, most describe @entity1278 in more detail than other @entity26144 . Nonetheless, rates of mortality, and specifically rates of suicide, are undeniably high in @entity1277 populations, as are the rates of self-harm. Therefore, it is critical for clinicians and caretakers to carefully evaluate these @entity1 for suicide risk and to refer promptly for appropriate treatment.

title: The current status of suicide and self- XXXX : a narrative review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia nervosa', 'AN']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['ED', 'injury in eating disorders']

entities_list: @entity1279 :: ('MESH:D052018', 'Disease') :: ['bulimia nervosa', 'BN']

entities_list: @entity5550 :: ('MESH:D056912', 'Disease') :: ['BED', 'binge eating disorder']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['NSSI', 'non-suicidal self-injury']

answer: @entity1277 :: (MESH:D001068,Disease) :: ['injury in eating disorders']


abstract: The split-course concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) and full-dose chemotherapy for unresectable @entity5 ( @entity1149 ) has produced promising results by comparison with the sequential approach. Instead of split-course radiation, we conducted a phase II study to investigate the feasibility of continuous concurrent TRT and chemotherapy. Twenty-two @entity1 with unresectable @entity1149 were enrolled onto a phase II study of continuous concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of two courses of @entity900 (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), @entity7324 (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29 and 36), and @entity1138 (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). TRT began on day 2 at a dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 30 fractions). Of 22 @entity1 assessable for response, none achieved a CR and 17 (77.3%) achieved a PR with an overall response rate of 77.3% (95% confidence interval, 54.6-92.2%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity1431 was observed in 5/13 (81.8%) @entity1 . Six @entity1 (27.3%) experienced > or = grade 3 @entity882 . @entity1503 was relatively mild. The overall median survival time was 19.0 months and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 84.8 and 34.5%, respectively. It was possible to administer two courses of chemotherapy in 18 @entity1 (81.8%) as planned. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 @entity1 received the planned 60 Gy radiation. It seems to be difficult to administer the planned treatment without any interruption for the majority of @entity1 . However, in the selected @entity1 who completed the 60 Gy TRT, nearly half of the @entity1 completed TRT without interruption. This combination regimen is considered to be feasible on condition that the stopping rule of the treatment is followed. We recommend administering radiotherapy continuously as far as possible.

title: A phase II study of continuous concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in combination with @entity1138 , @entity7324 and @entity900 in unresectable XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['Non-hematological toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['stage III non-small cell lung cancer']


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity35 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity11042 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity13234 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity377 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity13233 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity377 sequence to @entity13233 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity11042 ). This replacement in @entity13233 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity1446 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity35 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to XXXX from the complementary DNA library of female @entity35 livers. Predicted primary structures for @entity13234 , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity11042 :: (29277(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['P-450(M-1)']


abstract: AIM: We studied the use of premixed @entity3810 and @entity26 in 80 @entity1 with @entity16 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Mean ages ranged 10 +/- 5 yrs. Twenty-three @entity1 (29%) were @entity1032 among which 17 of them presented with severe @entity302 . @entity158 procedures consisted of: lumbar punctures (80%), intravenous access (7), @entity356 (6), skin biopsy (4), @entity5274 management (3). High-risk @entity1 were continuously monitored using ECG, non invasive blood pressure and transcutaneous @entity26 saturation. We studied acceptation of the inhalation, vital signs, satisfaction of @entity1 , parents, medical and nursing staffs; side effects were compared with a group of healthy @entity1 undergoing venous access before induction of anesthesia. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Acceptation increased with age. No significant changes in vital signs variables were observed. Satisfaction rate regarding the method was 88% for all @entity1 , parents, physicians and nurses. No serious undesirable event (as @entity1576 , @entity410 , inhalation of gastric content) occurred in these @entity1 . The more frequent side-effects were: drowsiness during and after inhalation (35 and 9% respectively in the handicapped @entity1 ); @entity390 and @entity391 (8%), @entity10 (3%), were more frequent than reported in literature but there were 25% of @entity693 among our @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Premixed @entity3810 and @entity26 was effective for reducing procedural @entity158 and @entity148 in @entity1 with @entity16 , even in severely handicapped @entity1 , with minor side-effects.

title: [Efficacy and safety of inhalation premixed XXXX and @entity26 for the management of procedural diagnostic @entity158 in neuropediatrics].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mentally retardated']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic diseases', 'neurological disorders']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['gastrostomy tube']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Painful', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric endoscopy']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['nitrous oxide']


abstract: Parent responses to the experiences of adolescents with @entity1118 are deemed important. At the same time the best ways to conceptualize, measure, and intervene with these are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure of parent responses based on the approach proposed in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), an approach that focuses on @entity458 . A total of 183 adolescents attending a specialty treatment center for @entity1118 , and adults attending with them, provided the data examined in this study. Standard measures of adolescent functioning and parent responses were obtained. In addition, the attending adults, who were mostly mothers, also completed a pool of items for an instrument called the Parent Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ). Preliminary analyses of these items showed an internal consistency of a=0.91. The total score for parent @entity458 was negatively correlated with protective and encouraging parent responses to @entity158 , as predicted. It was also positively correlated with adolescent acceptance of @entity158 and negatively correlated with measures of @entity158 on their social, emotional, family, and developmental functioning. Additional analyses showed that the PPFQ yields significant unique information about adolescent functioning independent of age and gender and beyond that provided by another well-established measure of parent responses. There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of ACT in the treatment of a range of @entity146 in adults and young @entity1 and in training for @entity1 without identified "disorders." It seems potentially applicable for parent training in the context of adolescent @entity1118 .

title: Role of XXXX in parents of adolescents with @entity1118 : development of a measure and preliminary correlation analyses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavior problems']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological flexibility']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'pain-related impact']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological flexibility']


abstract: We have compared the effects of long-term exposure to @entity9640 or @entity413 on nutrient-induced insulin release from pancreatic islets of the @entity35 . After 3 days of culture islets were finally tested in 1 h incubations for insulin responses to 16.7 mM of @entity413 , @entity1160 , @entity368 or a combination of @entity368 and @entity1160 . After culture at 11 mM @entity413 + 2 mM @entity1160 (A), @entity413 , @entity368 and @entity1160 stimulated release to a similar extent from islets. After culture at 1.7 mM @entity413 + 10 mM @entity1160 (B), only @entity368 stimulated insulin release. After culture at 11 mM @entity413 + 10 mM @entity1160 (C), both @entity368 and @entity1160 increased the insulin response. After culture at 1.7 mM @entity413 and 2 mM @entity1160 (D), only @entity1160 slightly stimulated release. After culture in high @entity1160 (B or C), a combination of @entity368 and @entity1160 significantly inhibited release as compared to @entity368 alone. A switch in culture media from B to A for 1 h prior to final incubations revived insulin release in response to @entity413 but not to @entity1160 . The reverse switch (A to B) abolished both subsequent @entity413 -and @entity1160 -induced insulin release. A switch from D to B revived an insulin response to @entity368 . Exposure of B-cells to 11 mM @entity413 during 30 min in another experimental system (perfused pancreas) induced a significant insulin response to subsequent stimulation with @entity1160 ; this response was, however, only 17% of that to @entity413 per se observed in the same experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Differences in long-term effects of @entity9640 and XXXX on insulin release from @entity35 pancreatic islets.

entities_list: @entity1160 :: ('CHEBI:28300', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamine']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity9640 :: ('CHEBI:18050', 'Chemical') :: ['L-glutamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'D-glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['D-glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In addition to causing @entity147 and disability to the individual, @entity146 are also extremely expensive to society and governments. These disorders are both common and debilitating and impact on cognition, functionality and wellbeing. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as cholinesterase inhibitors and @entity2727 , are used to treat @entity73 in @entity195 and @entity71 , respectively. Other @entity73 include specific computerized cognitive training and devices. An example of a novel form of cognitive enhancement using the technological advancement of a game on an iPad that also acts to increase motivation is presented. Cognitive enhancing drugs, such as @entity2727 and @entity2728 , which were developed as treatments, are increasingly being used by healthy @entity1 . @entity2728 not only affects 'cold' cognition, but also improves 'hot' cognition, such as emotion recognition and task-related motivation. The lifestyle use of 'smart drugs' raises both safety concerns as well as ethical issues, including coercion and increasing disparity in society. As a society, we need to consider which forms of cognitive enhancement (e.g. pharmacological, exercise, lifelong learning) are acceptable and for which groups (e.g. military, doctors) under what conditions (e.g. war, shift work) and by what methods we would wish to improve and flourish.

title: The impact of neuroscience on society: cognitive enhancement in @entity146 and in healthy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive enhancers', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['distress']

entities_list: @entity2728 :: ('MESH:C048833', 'Chemical') :: ['Modafinil', 'modafinil']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['methylphenidate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is an autoimmune disease that can affect multiple different organs, including the @entity149 (CNS). Conventional radiological examinations in @entity1252 @entity1 include volumetric/ anatomical computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US). The utility of these modalities is limited, however, due to the @entity66 . Furthermore, CT and MRI contrast agents are contraindicated in @entity1 with @entity8 . Various radiologic methods are currently being developed to improve disease characterization in @entity1 with @entity1252 beyond simple anatomical endpoints. Physiological non-contrast MRI protocols have been developed to assess tissue oxygenation, glomerular filtration, renal perfusion, interstitial diffusion, and @entity32 -driven @entity82 in @entity1988 ( @entity1988 ) @entity1 . For neurological symptoms, vessel size imaging (VSI, an MRI approach utilizing T2-relaxing @entity1933 nanoparticles) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool. Molecular imaging probes (mostly for MRI and nuclear medicine imaging) have also been developed for diagnosing @entity1252 with high sensitivity, and for monitoring disease activity. This paper reviews the challenges in evaluating disease activity in @entity1 with @entity1988 and @entity12319 ( @entity12319 ). We describe novel MRI and positron-emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging protocols using targeted @entity1933 nanoparticles and radioactive ligands, respectively, for detection of @entity1252 -associated @entity32 .

title: Non-invasive imaging to monitor @entity1988 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['complexity of the disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['kidneys and central nervous system']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'Systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis', 'LN']

entities_list: @entity12319 :: ('MESH:D020945', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus', 'NPSLE']

answer: @entity12319 :: (MESH:D020945,Disease) :: ['neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: In vitro and in situ experimental models that are descriptive of drug absorption in vivo are valuable tools in the discovery of new chemical entities that are bioavailable after oral administration. The specific objective of the study was to compare the intestinal permeabilities obtained in the three absorption models for consistency, and to assess the utility of the models in predicting the fraction of dose absorbed in @entity1 studies. The intestinal absorption models that were compared are widely used: the @entity35 in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion system, the @entity35 everted intestinal ring method, and monolayers of @entity1 @entity694 cell line (CACO-2). The models were compared using small molecular reference compounds, as well as a series of peptidomimetic (PM) analogs. Each model had strong potential for estimating the fraction absorbed. For small organic molecules, excellent correlation was observed when permeabilities from CACO-2 cells and perfusions, or everted rings and perfusions, were compared. Weaker correlation was observed between everted rings and CACO-2 cells. Permeabilities for the set of reference compounds and PMs were positively correlated between any two of the three systems. Variance between correlations for reference compounds and PMs are likely due to structural features and physicochemical properties that are unique to the latter class of compounds. The results support caution in extrapolating correlations based on findings with small organic molecules to the behavior of complex peptidomimetics. Corroboration of permeabilities with two methods of determination is a useful cross-validation of experimental systems, as well as producing a reliable permeability assessment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of intestinal permeabilities determined in multiple in vitro and in situ models: relationship to absorption in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Cholinoceptive properties of 180 medullary respiration-related neurones (RRN) were studied in @entity4774 -anaesthetized @entity95 . @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and agonists, as well as antagonists of muscarinic receptors and nicotinic receptors, were administered iontophoretically. Respiration-related neurons were classified with respect to the correlation of their activity with the activity of the phrenic nerve: phase-bound inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) neurones and phase-spanning expiratory-inspiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones were discriminated. @entity934 altered the activity of 170 respiration-related neurones. In 49 cells the discharge-rate (f) alone was affected. In 44 respiration-related neurones the burst-duration (tbd) only was altered. In 77 respiration-related neurones the discharge rate and burst duration were affected simultaneously. Inhibitory actions of @entity1617 prevailed over excitatory actions on inspiratory neurones. In expiratory neurones the discharge rate was increased or decreased in about the same number of cases. In most phase-spanning neurones the discharge rate was increased. Cholinergic inhibition of burst duration was observed in most respiration-related neurones. In all phase-types of respiration-related neurones muscarinic as well as nicotinic actions of @entity1617 were demonstrated. In inspiratory and expiratory-inspiratory neurones muscarinic effects on the discharge rate prevailed over nicotinic effects. More nicotinic than muscarinic effects on discharge rate were observed in expiratory and inspiratory-expiratory neurones. Cholinergic effects on burst duration in about the same number of respiration-related neurones were mediated by muscarinic or by nicotinic receptors, respectively. Various types of cholinoceptors may be involved in these effects. The results suggest that cholinergic mechanisms play an important role in the control of the central regulation of respiratory movements. The functional significance of cholinergic effects on respiration-related neurones is discussed with special emphasis of effects on burst duration.

title: Cholinergic effects on spike-density and burst-duration of medullary respiration-related neurones in the XXXX : an iontophoretic study.

entities_list: @entity4774 :: ('MESH:D014520', 'Chemical') :: ['urethane']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to examine volumetric changes in fat flaps after stresses as well as their relationship with @entity2478 ( @entity1050 ) in a Zucker fatty @entity35 model. METHODS: A total of 12 male Zucker-fa/fa @entity35 were randomly divided into two stress groups. Superficial epigastric fat flaps were evaluated on the right side as control and on the left side as the stress ( @entity63 or congestive) condition in the same @entity35 in order to avoid biases. Stress conditions were made by obstructing the pedicle vessels with a vascular clip for 3 hours. The volumes of these flaps were measured weekly. After 12 weeks of measurements, the @entity1050 of harvested flaps was examined in histologically immunostained sections. Percent changes in the body-weight-corrected flap volume [cFV(%)], the stress/control ratio [FV-ratio(%)], and the stress/control ratio of @entity1050 ( @entity1050 ) were defined. RESULTS: cFV(%) 12 weeks after surgery was 34.7        26.7 in the control flaps and 13.2        10.5 in the stress flaps. The FV-ratio(%) after 12 weeks was 7.4-202.5 (70.2        77.9) in the @entity63 group and 14.6-66.3 (37.7        22.2) in the congestive group. The difference in variance between two groups was significant (P   =   0.030). cFV(%) correlated with total @entity1050 (P   =   0.011). The FV-ratio(%) correlated with the @entity1050 (P   =   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly measurements of flap volumes in the Zucker fatty @entity35 model were new and useful methods. The FV-ratio(%) in the congestive group decreased at a constant rate, while that in the @entity63 group decreased or increased slightly. The rate of decreases in the flap volume correlated with @entity1050 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Volumetric changes in transplanted vascularized fat flaps after @entity63 or congestive stresses and their relationship to XXXX in a zucker fatty @entity35 model.

entities_list: @entity2478 :: ('MESH:D019559', 'Disease') :: ['capillary density']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

answer: @entity2478 :: (MESH:D019559,Disease) :: ['capillary density']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incontinence is a common problem faced by family caregivers that is recognized as a major burden and predictor of institutionalization. However, few studies have evaluated the experiences of family caregivers caring for @entity64 survivors with @entity322 . PURPOSE: To describe experiences of caregivers managing @entity322 in @entity64 survivors. DESIGN: This qualitative descriptive study employed a grounded-theory approach. METHODS: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with ten family caregivers of @entity64 survivors with @entity322 were conducted during 2011. Audiotaped interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. FINDINGS: Data analysis identified four themes: chaos, hypervigilance, exhaustion, and creating a new life. There were nine related subcategories: fluster, dirtiness, urgency, fear of potential health-hazard, physically demanding and time-consuming, mentally draining, financial burden, learning by doing, and attitude adjustment. Together, these described a process of struggling to cope with the care of @entity64 survivors with urinary/fecal @entity322 . Of the four categories, "creating a new life" developed gradually over time to orient caregivers to their new life, while the other three categories occurred in a chronological order. CONCLUSION: The research highlighted unique caring experiences of family caregivers of @entity64 @entity1 , which focused solely on the ' @entity322 issue'. Understanding these experiences may help nurses provide better support and resources for family caregivers when caring for @entity64 survivors with @entity322 .

title: A Qualitative Study of Family Caregiver Experiences of Managing Incontinence in XXXX Survivors.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Stroke']