abstract: @entity8498 is activated by the @entity6057 ( @entity6057 ) and then co-ordinates important signaling pathways for T lymphocyte activation. Effector pathways for this @entity6370 binding protein in T cells are mediated by the @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase @entity10242 and the Ras-related GTPase @entity5180 . In fibroblasts, an important effector for the Ras oncogene is @entity4357 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase). Activation of this lipid kinase is able to induce critical @entity5180 signaling pathways and can couple @entity8498 to cell survival mechanisms via the @entity563 / @entity1889 kinase @entity584 . The role of PtdIns 3-kinase in Ras signaling in T cells has not been explored. In the present study, we examined the ability of PtdIns 3-kinase to initiate the @entity5180 signaling pathways important for T cell activation. We also examined the possibility that @entity584 is regulated by Ras signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. The results show that Ras can initiate a @entity5180 mediated pathway that regulates the transcriptional function of AP-1 complexes. @entity4357 3-kinase signals cannot mimic @entity8498 and induce the Rac mediated responses of AP-1 transcriptional activation. Moreover, neither @entity6057 or Ras activation of AP-1 is dependent on PtdIns 3-kinase. @entity584 is activated in response to triggering of the @entity6057 ; PtdIns 3-kinase activity is both required and sufficient for this @entity6057 response. In contrast, @entity8498 signals are unable to induce @entity584 activity in T cell nor is Ras function required for @entity584 activation in response to the @entity6057 . The present data thus highlight that PtdIns 3-kinase and @entity584 are not universal Ras effector molecules. Ras can initiate @entity5180 regulated signaling pathways in the context of @entity6057 function independently of PtdIns 3-kinase activity.

title: @entity8498 initiates @entity5180 but not XXXX 3 kinase/ @entity584 , mediated signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.

entities_list: @entity6370 :: ('CHEBI:61292', 'Chemical') :: ['guanine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity6057 :: ('6962', 'Gene') :: ['T cell antigen receptor', 'TCR']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1889 :: ('CHEBI:26986', 'Chemical') :: ['threonine']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylinositol', 'PtdIns']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidyl inositol']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity447 ( @entity447 ) is a @entity395 caused by autoantibodies against factor VIII. AIM: The Hemostasis _ @entity715 Research Society (HTRS) Registry was used to monitor the safety of recombinant FVII (rFVIIa). This study aims to report data from the HTRS Registry regarding safety and efficacy of rFVIIa for haemostatic management of surgeries and other invasive procedures in @entity1 with @entity447 . METHODS: For each rFVIIa-treated procedure, the initial dose, total dose, average infused dose, number of doses and treatment duration were calculated. Efficacy was assessed on a 4-point scale. RESULTS: Of 166 registered @entity1 with @entity447 , 37 @entity1 underwent 58 procedures [30 (51%) rFVIIa-treated]. The median (range) age of all @entity1 undergoing procedures was 70 (13-93) years; for rFVIIa-treated @entity1 , 74 (28-89) years. Approximately 67% (39/58) of all procedures were elective. Overall, the most common procedures were endoscopy (12) and central venous access device (10); rFVIIa was used preoperatively (11), postoperatively (13) and during six follow-up procedures during ongoing postoperative rFVIIa treatment. The median (range) initial dose was 90.0 (44-187)  g kg(-1) preoperatively and 106.0 (56-270)  g kg(-1) postoperatively. For rFVIIa-treated episodes with a reported outcome, 20 (91%) were rated excellent/good or no additional agents used and 2 (9%) were rated as poor/ineffective requiring a switch to another bypassing agent. No @entity1031 events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adequate haemostasis was provided for 91% of rFVIIa-treated procedures at doses largely conforming to the package insert. No safety concerns were reported.

title: US experience with recombinant factor VIIa for surgery and other invasive procedures in acquired XXXX : analysis from the Hemostasis and @entity715 Research Society Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['Acquired haemophilia', 'AH']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity395 :: ('MESH:D035583', 'Disease') :: ['rare disorder']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombosis']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stricture formation resulting in impedance of gastric emptying is a relatively common complication after gastric surgery that involves @entity254 creation or pyloroplasty. Treatment of the @entity850 with fluoroscopically guided @entity384 avoids further surgery. Accordingly, we report our experience with 32 dilating procedures in 24 consecutive @entity1 who had the postoperative complication of obstruction at a surgically created gastric outlet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Out of our series of approximately 650 fluoroscopically guided balloon dilatations, 32 procedures were performed on 24 @entity1 with anastomotic strictures or pyloric narrowing after gastric surgery (vertical banded gastroplasty or gastric bypass surgery [n = 15], partial esophagectomy with esophagogastrostomy and pyloroplasty [n = 6], and partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy [n = 3]). The group included 13 @entity1 and 11 @entity1 ranging from 32 to 79 years old (mean, 51 years). Diameters of the balloons chosen ranged from 10 to 20 mm, depending on the size of the surgically created @entity254 or pyloroplasty. Indications for @entity384 were clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity1084 . The procedures were done between 13 days and 10 years (mean, 14 months) after gastric surgery. The result of each procedure was assessed by evaluating clinical outcome (relief or recurrence of symptoms) during the follow-up period of 2 days to 36 months (mean, 8 months) after the procedure. RESULTS: In 17 of the 24 @entity1 , the obstructive symptoms were treated successfully with a single dilatation procedure, and symptoms did not recur during follow-up ranging from 1 to 36 months (mean, 11 months). In the other seven @entity1 , the procedure was considered unsuccessful because the @entity1 experienced recurrent obstruction within 2 days to 13 weeks (mean, 3 weeks) after the initial procedure. In one of these, symptoms were relieved by a second procedure. Repeat dilatations in the other six @entity1 were unsuccessful, and all six eventually required surgical revision for definitive treatment. No complicating perforations were noted as a result of dilatation. CONCLUSION: Our experience shows that fluoroscopically guided @entity384 is a simple and safe technique for treating obstructive symptoms caused by strictures occurring after gastric surgery. In the majority of @entity1 , symptoms are relieved with a single @entity384 , eliminating the need for further surgery. However, @entity1 whose obstructive symptoms recur after the initial @entity384 procedure are less likely to benefit from further dilatations and usually require surgery.

title: Strictures after gastric surgery: treatment with fluoroscopically guided XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['balloon dilatation']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1084 :: ('MESH:D017219', 'Disease') :: ['gastric outlet obstruction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity384 :: (MESH:D002311,Disease) :: ['balloon dilatation']


abstract: Inhibition of intestinal nutrient absorption by the @entity1501 antagonist @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and the effects of several organic acid drugs and @entity1891 on @entity1500 -induced @entity344 were investigated. Male Swiss-Webster @entity19 received @entity1500 , 25 mg/kg, i.p. once daily for 4 successive days. Using the everted sac technique, the rates of @entity413 and @entity9109 transport were decreased by @entity1500 to 10.9 and 6.3 mumol/g/h from control values of 35.0 and 10.0 mumol/g/h, respectively. @entity20660 , @entity11141 , @entity11464 , or @entity1891 administered simultaneously with @entity1500 , further decreased the rates of @entity413 transport to 3.6, 2.0, 0.8, and 2.6 mumol/g/h, respectively, and the rates of @entity9109 transport to 1.2, 1.9, 0.6 and 0.9 mumol/g/h, respectively. When intestinal sacs from untreated animals were exposed to @entity1500 (10(-3) M) on the serosal side only, the drug had no significant effect on the rate of transport of @entity413 or @entity9109 . The rate of @entity880 production in everted intestinal sacs from @entity1500 treated animals decreased to 11.8 from a control value of 30.3 mumol/g/h. Co-administration of @entity11464 with @entity1500 further decreased the rate of @entity880 production to 8.2 mumol/g/h. Body @entity353 caused by @entity1500 treatment (15.0%) was potentiated by the concurrent administration of probenecid (19.4%), @entity2697 (22.4%), @entity11464 (23.0%) or @entity1891 (22.8%). These results demonstrate that @entity1891 and several commonly used organic acid drugs can potentiate the inhibitory effect of @entity1500 on intestinal nutrient absorption. Thus, @entity1500 dosage adjustment may be required in @entity1 receiving such drugs.

title: Potentiation of @entity1499 -induced @entity344 by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity2697 :: ('CHEBI:30762', 'Chemical') :: ['salicylate']

entities_list: @entity11141 :: ('MESH:D012980', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salicylate']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity9109 :: ('CHEBI:17895', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity11464 :: ('MESH:D010653', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylbutazone']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['D-glucose']

entities_list: @entity20660 :: ('MESH:D011339', 'Chemical') :: ['Probenecid']

answer: @entity1891 :: (MESH:D014750,Chemical) :: ['vincristine']


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: In the last ten years validation of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) concept has led to modification of the surgical approach for @entity1 with intermediate-risk @entity320 . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Forty-eight @entity1 affected by @entity320 with a Breslow thickness between 0.65 and 4 mm were enrolled in the study. Approximately 2 mCi of radiotracer and 1 mL of vital blue dye were injected in each @entity1 around the site of the @entity75 . Lymphoscintigraphy was performed until the lymphatic basin and the respective SLN were localized. The whole surgical procedure consisted of enlargement of the surgical margins followed by localization and excision of the SLN(s) by using both radiotracer and vital dye. Whenever the SLN proved to be histologically positive for @entity3 , complete regional lymphadenectomy was performed. RESULTS: Within 15 minutes of radiotracer administration the lymphatic basin was localized in all 4 @entity1 by lymphoscintigraphy. Vital dye and radiotracer successfully allowed SLN localization and excision in 46 of 48 @entity1 (97%); in one case the SLN was detected by radiotracer alone. The SLN proved to be metastatic in six (13%) of 46 evaluable @entity1 ; interestingly, in three of them the presence of metastatic cells was revealed only by immunohistochemistry. All @entity1 with @entity5 -positive SLNs had primary lesions with a Breslow thickness = 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Sentinel lymphadenectomy is able to identify lymph node involvement in @entity1 with @entity320 with a Breslow thickness > 1 mm, thus avoiding the risks associated with radical regional lymphadenectomy. Lymphoscintigraphy proved to be an important tool to obtain correct preoperative localization of the drainage basin, especially for @entity320 located on the face and trunk.

title: Sentinel lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['primary lesion']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanomas', 'cutaneous melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['cutaneous melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity21 ( @entity21 ) causes neurodegenerative processes in brain which can last weeks and months after @entity131 . Aim of this study was to assess structural changes of corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts in dynamics using diffusion-tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT- @entity7994 ) in severe @entity21 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 @entity1 with severe @entity21 (GCS < or = 8 in acute period) were examined using DT- @entity7994 . In 12 cases 1.5 Tesla device was used, in 2-3 Tesla tomography was applied. Initial studies were performed on 3rd-17th days after injury and control studies were done between 3 weeks and 33 months after injury. Outcomes were assessed using GOS 6 months after injury and later. RESULTS: MR-tractography demonstrated almost absolutely absent visualization of ascending fibers of corpus callosum 3-20 weeks after @entity1545 in 5 @entity1 with poor outcomes ( @entity717 and persistent vegetative state). Raized asymmetry of corticospinal tracts was associated with @entity1269 or @entity1688 in the same @entity1 . In 6 @entity1 with @entity717 partial loss and thinning of corpus callosum fibers were observed. In 2 @entity1 with good recovery and moderate disability repeated studies showed no severe changes in structure of corpus callosum. CONCLUSION: DT- @entity7994 presents new data about structural changes of white matter tracts in @entity131 .

title: [Dynamic assessment of corpus callosum and corticospinal tracts structure using diffusion-tensor XXXX in @entity21 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['severe disability']

entities_list: @entity1688 :: ('MESH:D011782', 'Disease') :: ['quadriparesis']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'Diffuse axonal injury']

answer: @entity7994 :: (78996,Gene) :: ['MRI']


abstract: CASE REPORTS: We report a clinical and EEG study of 8 @entity1 with reflex @entity3148 of @entity950 to further confirm the existence of this syndrome first described by Ricci et al in 1995. RESULTS: Between February 1990 to July 2002, we identified 64 @entity302 @entity1 with @entity410 with an onset in the first six years of life. Eight (12.5%) of these @entity1 had @entity410 stimuli sensible. The @entity410 were characterized by generalized, @entity2045 triggered by tactile stimuli in six @entity1 and acoustic stimuli in two, in one of them @entity2045 were triggered by both types of stimuli. The @entity410 appeared between 5 and 20 months of age. Two of the 8 @entity1 had spontaneous @entity2045 during sleep. Interictal EEG was normal during wakefulness and occasional discharges were evident during sleep. In contrast, the ictal EEG during both wakefulness and sleep showed generalized spike wave and polyspike slow wave paroxysms. Neurologic examination, neuroimaging and neurometabolic studies were normal. @entity2045 disappeared in 6 @entity1 after @entity1092 administration and in two after clobazan administration. Antiepileptic treatment was discontinued in 6 @entity1 and no @entity410 recurrence was observed during a median follow up of 6 years. CONCLUSION: Our @entity1 presented electro clinical criteria compatible with the syndrome of reflex @entity3148 of @entity950 . This syndrome could be considered to be a new reflex @entity302 or a variant of benign @entity3148 in @entity950 .

title: [Reflex @entity3148 in @entity950 : a new reflex epilepsy syndrome or a variant of benign XXXX in @entity950 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'myoclonic seizure', 'myoclonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerks', 'myoclonic attacks', 'Myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic syndrome', 'epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']

answer: @entity3148 :: (MESH:D004831,Disease) :: ['myoclonic epilepsy']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To calculate the cost-utility of different strategies for the detection of occult lymph node metastases in @entity7487 -T2N0 @entity5 . METHODS: A decision tree followed by a Markov model was designed to compare the cost-utility of the following strategies: (a) USgFNAC (ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology), (b) SLNB (sentinel lymph node biopsy), (c) USgFNAC and, if negative, SLNB (d) END (elective neck dissection). Data was collected from 62 @entity1 in four Dutch head and neck centres. Utilities were measured with the EQ5D questionnaire and resource use was recorded from @entity1 charts. Costs were calculated from a hospital perspective. Uncertainty was explored with scenario analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: With a 5- or 10-year time horizon, SLNB results in the highest number of additional quality-adjusted life years (QALYs, 0.12 and 0.26, respectively) for the smallest additional costs (   56 and    74, respectively) compared to USgFNAC. With a lifetime horizon END results in the highest number of additional QALYs (0.55) for an additional    1.626 per QALY gained compared to USgFNAC. When we make different assumptions regarding the duration of disutilities (   5 years) or the improvement (   3%) of sensitivity of SLNB, SLNB is the most favourable strategy from all time horizons. CONCLUSION: SLNB is a good diagnostic strategy to evaluate @entity7487 -T2N0 @entity5 . SLNB is the preferred strategy in a 5- or 10-year time horizon. From a lifetime horizon, END may be preferred. SLNB may become the optimal strategy from all time horizons if its sensitivity can be slightly improved.

title: Cost-utility of sentinel lymph node biopsy in @entity7487 -T2N0 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['oral cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['oral cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A prospective study was performed to determine the usefulness of triple-contrast helical CT in predicting peritoneal violation and the need for laparotomy in the treatment of penetrating torso @entity130 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Triple-contrast helical CT scans were obtained in 104 hemodynamically stable @entity1 with penetrating injuries to the torso (thoracoabdominal region including tangential wounds to the anterior abdomen, flank, back, and pelvis) over a 17-month period. The study group included 54 @entity1 with gunshot wounds and 50 with stab wounds. No @entity1 had a radiographic or clinical indication for immediate laparotomy. A positive finding on CT was defined as evidence of peritoneal violation or @entity1049 , major vessel, or urinary tract. @entity1 with a positive CT, except @entity1 with isolated @entity99 or free fluid, underwent laparotomy. @entity1 with a negative finding on CT were initially observed. RESULTS: CT studies were positive in 35 (34%) of 104 @entity1 and negative in 69 (66%) of 104 of @entity1 . Laparotomy was performed in 21 (60%) of 35 @entity1 with positive CT; 19 (86%) of 22 were therapeutic, two (9%) were nontherapeutic, and one (5%) was negative (no injury was found). Nine @entity1 with isolated @entity99 were successfully treated without laparotomy. Among @entity1 with a negative CT, 67 (97%) of 69 were treated nonoperatively with success. CT had 100% (19/19) sensitivity, 96% (69/72) specificity, 100% (69/69) negative predictive value, and 97% (101/104) accuracy in predicting the need for laparotomy. CONCLUSION: Triple-contrast helical CT can accurately predict the need for laparotomy and exclude peritoneal violation in penetrating torso @entity130 including tangential abdominal wounds.

title: Triple-contrast helical CT in penetrating torso XXXX : a prospective study to determine peritoneal violation and the need for laparotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['injury to the retroperitoneal colon']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injuries', 'liver injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compare monopolar vs bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate in @entity1 with @entity1067 , focusing on functional outcomes as well as rates of @entity548 complications and the @entity751 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 137 @entity1 with @entity1067 (mean age 67 years, range 47 to 91) were prospectively randomly assigned to undergo monopolar (67) or bipolar (70) transurethral resection of the prostate. @entity1 characteristics of the 2 groups were similar. Hemoglobin (as a marker of @entity190 ) was measured preoperatively and perioperatively. I-PSS, I-PSS-QoL score, maximal flow rate and post-void residual urine volume were assessed preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. Duration of surgery, indwelling catheter use and hospitalization were also documented, as were postoperative clot retention requiring removal by catheterization or surgery, and rates of @entity1494 and/or urethral strictures. RESULTS: No significant perioperative differences were found in duration of surgery, catheterization or hospitalization, or in @entity190 or rates of blood transfusion and @entity751 . Postoperatively there were no significant differences in I-PSS or I-PSS-QoL scores, or rates of rehospitalization, clot retention, blood transfusions, reoperation or urethral strictures. However, @entity1494 stricture occurred significantly more often in the bipolar group (8.5% vs 0%, p = 0.02). The 3 and 12-month followup showed significant and equal improvement in micturition in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate are effective and safe techniques for the surgical treatment of @entity1067 . The only significant difference between them was a significantly higher rate of @entity1494 with bipolar resection of the prostate.

title: Bipolar versus monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate: a prospective randomized trial focusing on XXXX complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder neck', 'bladder neck strictures']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['transurethral resection syndrome']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the use of triweekly combination chemotherapy together with radiation exerts a more beneficial systemic effect than weekly @entity900 chemoradiation in @entity1 with @entity5 after radical surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed @entity1 with stage @entity3846 to @entity5 who had undergone radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymph node dissection, followed by concurrent adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. The @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: the triweekly combination chemotherapy group and the weekly @entity900 chemotherapy group. We evaluated the survival and adverse effects of the 2 groups. RESULTS: In total, 201 @entity1 were included. The mean duration of follow-up was 52.2 months. Of the 201 @entity1 , 130 received triweekly combination chemotherapy, and 71 @entity1 received weekly @entity900 chemotherapy as an adjuvant treatment. The 5-year disease-free survival was 82.2% for @entity1 treated with weekly @entity900 chemotherapy and 74.3% for those treated with triweekly combination chemotherapy (P = 0.3929). The 5-year overall survival was 81.4% and 79.3% for the same treatment groups, respectively (P = 0.9833). The overall survival of the @entity1 with @entity5 was marginally higher in the triweekly combination chemotherapy group than in the weekly @entity900 group (P = 0.0582). @entity1431 , @entity1398 , @entity882 , @entity417 , and hepatopathy were significantly more common in the triweekly combination chemotherapy group. CONCLUSIONS: The weekly @entity900 chemotherapy group experienced the same therapeutic effect as the triweekly combination chemotherapy group but with less @entity137 . Therefore, weekly @entity900 chemotherapy is considered the more useful concurrent adjuvant chemoradiation regimen after radical surgery.

title: Weekly @entity900 therapy compared with triweekly combination chemotherapy as concurrent adjuvant chemoradiation therapy after radical hysterectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage IIB cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genetic variants in the Fcepsilon receptor I beta gene ( @entity37938 ) and the T allele of the ( @entity70988 ) polymorphism of @entity3646 gene promoter were reported to be associated with @entity402 . But the data of the studies in different populations are contrasting with one another. METHODS: A group of 25 Italian nuclear families were studied. In each family at least two allergic subjects were present. The allergic @entity1 were 65 and the allergic relatives were 35. One hundred and three nonallergic unrelated controls included outpatiens with no history of @entity402 . The ( @entity70988 ) promoter polymorphism of the @entity3646 and the genetic variant @entity37938 of @entity12950 genes were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the genotype frequency at codon 237 of the @entity12950 gene between allergic @entity1 and nonatopic control (P < 0.01) and in the allergic relatives (P < 0.001). In the @entity1 , the @entity37938 polymorphism was also associated with elevated circulating levels of immunoglobulin E. The @entity8997 allele of @entity3646 promoter gene showed no association with @entity402 . CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the @entity37938 polymorphism of the @entity12950 gene was associated with @entity402 . Our results have not pointed out an association between the ( @entity70988 ) promoter polymorphism of the @entity3646 gene and @entity402 . These data suggest the potential role of the @entity47188 gene in the development of the @entity566 .

title: Molecular analysis of sequence variants in the Fcepsilon receptor I beta gene and XXXX gene promoter in Italian atopic families.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity37938 :: ('p|SUB|E|237|G', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Glu237Gly']

entities_list: @entity12950 :: ('931', 'Gene') :: ['Fcepsilon RI beta']

answer: @entity3646 :: (3565,Gene) :: ['IL-4']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1487 -based chemotherapy is considered to be a radiosensitizer; however, conventional short-course radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is generally thought to not be feasible because of the prevalence of side effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for @entity5 . DESIGN AND SETTINGS: This study was retrospective in nature and used a prospectively collected database. @entity1 : @entity1 with @entity5 located below the peritoneum reflection were selected. INTERVENTIONS: A total dose of 25 Gy of radiotherapy was administered in 10 fractions of 2.5 Gy each for 5 days. Radiotherapy was performed with S-1 as a radiosensitizer from day 1 to day 10. Surgery was targeted to be performed 4 weeks after radiotherapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The morbidity, sphincter-preserving rate, anal function, and long-term outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: All @entity1 (n = 170) completed the radiotherapy regimen and 166 (97.6%) completed the combination regimen with chemotherapy. A total of 149 @entity1 (87.6%) had sphincter-preserving surgery (double stapling technique (DST), 58 @entity1 ; intersphincteric resection (ISR), 91 @entity1 ), and @entity260 were relatively mild ( @entity834 , 15.4%; @entity1320 , 8.2%). Among those undergoing sphincter preserving surgery, the 5-year local relapse-free survival rate was 94.3% in the DST group, and 89.8% in the ISR group. With respect to the anal function, the Wexner score the first year after stoma closure for the double-stapling technique group was 6 and that for intersphincteric resection was 15; however, the score for the intersphincteric resection group was improved to 8 at 4 years after stoma closure. LIMITATIONS: This study had limitations because it was an uncontrolled, 1-arm, retrospective review with a small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Modified short-course radiotherapy combined with chemoradiosensitizer is a feasible approach for treating @entity5 . With the use of the short-course approach, efforts to reduce the incidence of side effects by appropriately prolonging the waiting period enable the administration of combination treatment with short-course radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

title: Feasibility of modified short-course radiotherapy combined with a chemoradiosensitizer for t3 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T3 rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-Fluorouracil']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) for recognition of coronary plaque morphologies and to assess additive values of integrated backscatter intravascular ultrasound (IB-IVUS) in detection of vulnerable plaque. BACKGROUND: Precise diagnosis of @entity301 susceptible to @entity397 and @entity715 may serve to stratify the risk of future coronary events and to make decisions for appropriate treatment of choice. METHODS: Twenty-seven coronary arteries from 14 @entity1 autopsy hearts were interrogated ex  vivo by OFDI and IB-IVUS. Imaged segments were sectioned at 3 mm intervals where a total of 360 pairs of cross-sectional images coregistered to histology were investigated. RESULTS: Overall, OFDI could depict various plaque components and structures such as fibrous tissue, sheet and nodular calcification, lipid, @entity165 crystals, and healed @entity397 . OFDI could detect 14 of 18 thin-cap @entity1856 (TCFA), however, the diagnostic accuracy was not high (positive predictive value [ @entity2286 ]  = 60.9%, k  =  0.664; area under the curve [AUC]: 0.88) mainly because of signal interference from macrophages. Further, we defined IB-IVUS-derived TCFA by recursive partitioning analysis as: 1) cross-sectional % lipid area >65.1%; 2) % lipid  area >32.3 but  <65.1% with plaque area >10.5 mm(2), where TCFA detection by IB-IVUS alone was marginal ( @entity2286  =  50.0%, k  = 0.545; AUC: 0.82). However, when IB-IVUS was combined with OFDI, all pseudo OFDI-derived TCFA (non-TCFA on histology) were excluded. Accordingly, @entity2286 of TCFAs diagnosed by both OFDI and IB-IVUS was improved to 100.0% (k  = 0.704; AUC: 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: OFDI could recognize detailed morphologies of @entity1 coronary plaque. However, diagnostic accuracy of both OFDI alone and IB-IVUS alone to identify TCFA is limited. Combination of IB-IVUS with OFDI improved the accuracy for TCFA detection, suggesting hybrid imaging or further development of novel devices will be required to identify @entity301 responsible for future events.

title: Additive Value of Integrated Backscatter IVUS for Detection of Vulnerable Plaque by Optical Frequency Domain Imaging: An Ex  Vivo Autopsy Study of XXXX Coronary Arteries.

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['plaque rupture']

entities_list: @entity1856 :: ('MESH:D058226', 'Disease') :: ['fibroatheroma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: @entity3151 is essential for plant growth, and in many soils @entity3151 availability limits crop production. Most plants in natural ecosystems obtain @entity3151 via a symbiotic partnership with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. While the significance of these associations is apparent, their molecular basis is poorly understood. Consequently, the potential to harness the @entity6636 to improve @entity3151 nutrition in agriculture is not realized. Transcript profiling has recently been used to investigate gene expression changes that accompany development of the AM symbiosis. While these approaches have enabled the identification of AM-symbiosis-associated genes, they have generally involved the use of RNA from whole mycorrhizal roots. Laser microdissection techniques allow the dissection and capture of individual cells from a tissue. RNA can then be isolated from these samples and cell-type specific gene expression information can be obtained. This technology has been applied to obtain cells from plants and more recently to study plant-microbe interactions. The latter techniques, particularly those developed for root-microbe interactions, are of relevance to plant-parasitic weed research. Here, laser microdissection, its use in plant biology and in particular plant-microbe interactions are discussed. An overview of the AM symbiosis is then provided, with a focus on recent advances in understanding development of the arbuscule-cortical cell interface. Finally, the recent applications of laser microdissection for analyses of AM symbiosis are discussed.

title: Laser microdissection and its application to analyze gene expression in arbuscular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphorus', 'phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6636 :: ('MESH:D064806', 'Disease') :: ['mycorrhizal symbiosis']

answer: @entity6636 :: (MESH:D064806,Disease) :: ['mycorrhizal symbiosis']


abstract: Concern has been expressed that exposure to fertility drugs might be associated with a risk of @entity43 . We have examined the incidence of @entity5344 in a cohort of 10,358 @entity1 referred for @entity52 ( @entity52 ) treatment in Victoria, Australia, between 1978 and 1992. The "exposed" group (n = 5564) had had ovarian stimulation to induce multiple folliculogenesis and the "unexposed" group (n = 4794) had been referred for @entity52 but were untreated or had had "natural cycle" treatment without ovarian stimulation. Duration of follow-up ranged from 1 to 15 years. Cases of @entity5 were determined by record linkage with data from population-based @entity5 registries. 34 cases of @entity0 and 6 of invasive @entity43 were observed. A comparison with the expected numbers, derived by applying age-standardised general population rates to the cohort gave standardised incidence ratios (SIR) for @entity0 of 0.89 (95% CI 0.55-1.46) in the exposed group and 0.98 (0.62-1.56) in the unexposed group, and for @entity43 SIRs were 1.70 (0.55-5.27) and 1.62 (0.52-5.02), respectively. Rates of all @entity5 were not significantly different from general population rates. The relative risk (RR) of @entity5 , adjusted for age and @entity249 type, was, in the treated group compared with the untreated group, 1.11 (95% CI 0.56-2.20) for @entity43 . The risk of body of @entity5 was increased in the exposed and unexposed groups combined ( @entity4093 .84 [1.18-6.81]). @entity1 with @entity249 , independent of @entity52 exposure, had significantly increased risks of @entity43 (RR = 19.19 [2.23-165.0]) and body of @entity5 (RR = 6.34 [1.06-38.0]) compared with @entity1 with known causes of @entity249 . This relatively short-term follow-up suggests that ovarian stimulation with @entity52 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 . Although there was no significantly increased risk of @entity43 after ovarian stimulation with @entity52 the small number of cases limits the conclusions that can be drawn. Longer-term follow-up of large cohorts of @entity1 who have been in @entity52 programmes will be necessary.

title: XXXX incidence after @entity249 and in vitro fertilisation.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'breast cancer and 1.45 (0.28-7.55) for ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility', 'unexplained infertility']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['breast and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'invasive breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'uterus cancer']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in-vitro fertilisation']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['Breast and ovarian cancer']


abstract: From 1977 to 1982 a total of 55 @entity1 suffering comminuted @entity174 of the distal radius were treated with the external fixator. Fifty of these were followed up in 1983/85 and 32 of them were available for assessment in this study (1992). The follow-up period was 11.6 years on average. All @entity1 had suffered an @entity7334 (91% a C- @entity174 , 9% a B- @entity174 according to the AO classification), 27 @entity1 had also fractured the ulnar styloid process and in 11 a dye-punch fragment was present. Both wrists were assessed on the basis of case history, clinical examination, radiographs in two planes and @entity227 ( @entity227 ). The results were evaluated using established scoring systems. On the Gartland and Werley scale 75% of the results were good or very good, 63% according to Castaing. In general, there was no statistically significant difference between the results of this study and those of 1983/85. It could be demonstrated that there was a relationship between @entity625 as a late complication and the existence of an intra-articular step-off of at least 2 mm at implant removal. This also has a negative influence on the range of motion and strength. Radial shortening affects the functional result whereas a die-punch fragment does not. On @entity227 @entity1 identified performance restriction and disability as the worst consequences of the accident; these criteria correlated best with the results of objective evaluations. In contrast, @entity1 were more satisfied with the result of treatment than would be expected from the objective analyses. The overall results indicate that exact reduction was extremely important. Long-term follow-up showed that the use of the external fixator in the treatment of @entity7334 of the distal radius was an adequate method. Prospective and possibly multicentric studies would be required to investigate more detailed relationships between treatment and long-term results.

title: Twelve years follow-up of XXXX of the distal radius treated with the AO external fixator.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['VAS', 'visual analogue scales']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['comminuted intra-articular fractures', 'intra-articular fracture']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fractures']


abstract: Triage of mass casualties in situations in which @entity1 must remain on-scene for prolonged periods of time, such as after a @entity16839 , differs from traditional triage. Often there are multiple scenes (sectors), and the infrastructure is damaged. Available medical resources are limited, and the time to definitive care is uncertain. Early evacuation is not possible, and local initial responders cannot expect significant outside assistance for at least 49-72 hours. Current triage systems are based either on a shorter time to definitive care or on a longer time to initial triage. The Medical Disaster Response (MDR) project deals with the scenario in which specially trained, local health-care providers evaluate @entity1 immediately after the event, but cannot evacuate @entity1 to definitive care. For this type of scenario, a dynamic triage methodology was developed that permits the triage process to evolve over hours or even days, thereby maximizing @entity1 survival and resulting in a more efficient use of resources. This MDR system incorporates a modified version of "Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment" (START) that substitutes radial pulse for capillary refill, coupled with a system of secondary triage termed, "Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint" ( @entity3528 ). The @entity3528 triage was developed to direct limited resources to the subgroup of @entity1 expected to benefit most from their use. The @entity3528 assesses survivability of @entity1 with @entity130 and, on the basis of @entity130 statistics, uses this information to describe the relationship between expected benefits and resources consumed. Because early transport to an intact medical system is unavailable, this information guides treatment priorities in the field to a level beyond the scope of the START methodology. Pre-existing disease and age are factored into the triage decisions. An elderly @entity1 with burns to 70% of body surface area is unsalvageable under austere field conditions and would require the use of significant medical resources-both personnel and equipment-and would be triaged to an "expectant area." Conversely, a young adult with a Glasgow @entity772 Scale score of 12 who requires only airway maintenance would use few resources and would have a reasonable chance for survival with the interventions available in the field, and would be triaged to a "treatment" area. The START and @entity3528 triage techniques are used in situations in which triage is dynamic, occurs over many hours to days, and only limited, austere, field, advanced life support equipment is readily available. The MDR- @entity3528 methodology is the first systematic attempt to use triage as a tool to maximize @entity1 benefit in the immediate aftermath of a @entity16839 .

title: Disaster triage: START, then @entity3528 --a new method of dynamic triage for victims of a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16839 :: ('MESH:D002388', 'Disease') :: ['catastrophic disaster', 'catastrophic earthquake']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['various injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity16839 :: (MESH:D002388,Disease) :: ['catastrophic earthquake']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2690 resistance is a common risk factor in @entity740 @entity1 contributing to the high cardiovascular burden, even in the absence of @entity6 . @entity413 -based @entity298 ( @entity298 ) solutions are thought to intensify @entity2690 resistance due to the continuous @entity413 absorption from the peritoneal cavity. The aim of our study was to analyse the effect of the substitution of @entity413 for @entity25508 on @entity2690 resistance in @entity6 @entity1 in a multicentric randomized clinical trial. METHODS: This was a multicenter, open-label study with balanced randomization (1:1) and two parallel-groups. Inclusion criteria were non- @entity6 adult @entity1 on automated @entity298 (APD) for at least 3 months on therapy prior to randomization. @entity1 assigned to the intervention group were treated with 2L of icodextrin 7.5%, and the control group with @entity413 2.5% during the long dwell and, at night in the cycler, with a prescription of standard @entity413 -based @entity298 solution only in both groups. The primary end-point was the change in @entity2690 resistance measured by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index at 90 days. RESULTS: Sixty @entity1 were included in the intervention (n = 33) or the control (n = 27) groups. There was no difference between groups at baseline. After adjustment for pre-intervention HOMA index levels, the group treated with icodextrin had the lower post-intervention levels at 90 days in both intention to treat [1.49 (95% CI: 1.23-1.74) versus 1.89 (95% CI: 1.62-2.17)], (F = 4.643, P = 0.03, partial   (2) = 0.078); and the treated analysis [1.47 (95% CI: 1.01-1.84) versus 2.18 (95% CI: 1.81-2.55)], (F = 7.488, P = 0.01, partial   (2) = 0.195). CONCLUSIONS: The substitution of @entity413 for icodextrin for the long dwell improved @entity2690 resistance measured by HOMA index in non- @entity6 APD @entity1 .

title: Icodextrin reduces XXXX resistance in non- @entity6 @entity1 undergoing automated @entity298 : results of a randomized controlled trial (STARCH).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity25508 :: ('MESH:C105834', 'Chemical') :: ['icodextrin']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['non-diabetic PD', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the response, adverse effects and survival of MVP regimen and TVP regimen. METHODS: Sixty six @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 were randomized into two groups:MVP arm (32 @entity1 , @entity1138 6-8 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 2-3 mg/m   d1 and d8, @entity900 70-80 mg/m   d1) and TVP arm (34 @entity1 , @entity7765 40-50 mg/m   d1, @entity7324 and @entity900 were the same as arm MVP). Characteristics of the @entity1 were similar in two arms. All @entity1 received two to four cycles of chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall responses were 34% (11/32) in the MVP arm and 56% (19/34) in the TVP arm. There were 1 complete response, 10 partial responses in the MVP arm and 1 complete response, 18 partial responses in the TVP arm. TVP regimen appeared to have a higher objective response, but no statistically significant difference in the response was observed between two regimens (Chi-square=2.269, P=0.132). Main side effects were hematological @entity137 . Grade III+IV hematological @entity137 were significantly higher in the @entity1 of arm TVP than arm MVP, especially @entity1398 (79% vs 44%, Chi-square=7.458, P=0.006). Median survival time was 12 months vs 8 months, and 1-, 2-, 3-year survival rates were 53% vs 24% (Chi-square=4.943, P=0.026), 17% vs 6%, 6% vs 0, for arm TVP and arm MVP, respectively.. CONCLUSIONS: MVP regimen has a lower response rate and longer survival time but less hematological @entity137 than TVP regimen. The results suggest MVP regimen is a safe and active regimen for advanced @entity1149 .

title: [A prospective randomized trial comparing @entity1138 and @entity7324 and @entity900 versus @entity7765 and XXXX and @entity900 in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity7324 :: ('MESH:D014751', 'Chemical') :: ['vindesine']

entities_list: @entity7765 :: ('MESH:C027260', 'Chemical') :: ['pirarubicin']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity7324 :: (MESH:D014751,Chemical) :: ['vindesine']


abstract: All @entity1 admitted from their own homes with a @entity2249 to 12 hospitals in Stockholm County Council during a three-year period were reviewed six years after the @entity174 . The outcome of the @entity174 was related to different types of treatment centers (orthopedic and surgical) and primary treatments (conservative, internal fixation, and hemiarthroplasty [HAP]). The treatment results of the four most common types of internal fixation (von Bahr, Hessel/Nystr  m, Thornton, and Rydell nails), the experience of the surgeons, and the operative delay were also compared. Of 2418 @entity1 , the majority (93%) were treated with internal fixation. Thirty-three percent of @entity1 sustained complications after conservative treatment, 37% after primary internal fixation, and 15% after primary HAP. Early redisplacement of the @entity174 was most common when the Thornton nail was used and when less experienced surgeons treated the @entity174 . Early complications such as redisplacement and nonunion occurred most often in surgical departments, but the total frequency of complications including segmental collapse was equal for different treatment centers. In surgical departments these @entity174 were operatively treated most often by less experienced surgeons and the Thornton nail was used more frequently than in orthopedic departments. An operative delay of up to one week did not result in more complications. Seventy percent of the complications after primary treatment were reoperated. Only 11% were not reoperated, either because of the presence of only minor symptoms, or because of the @entity1 's poor general condition, which made reoperation too risky. The results of the present study stress the importance of stable fixation of this @entity174 and of the experience of the surgeon for optimal treatment results.

title: Treatment and outcome of XXXX . An analysis of 2418 @entity1 admitted from their own homes.

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['femoral neck fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['femoral neck fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenging behaviour is a major problem among @entity1 with @entity717 . Physical factors may be an important cause. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the physical conditions associated with challenging behaviour. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane systematic review database for empirical studies published between 1990 and 2008. The quality of all the studies that met the inclusion criteria was assessed using the SIGN-50 methodology checklists. RESULTS: The search identified 45 studies, which looked at general medical conditions, @entity73 , @entity72564 , @entity344 , @entity25 , @entity303 and others. There were four high-quality observational studies, seven well-conducted observational studies, 21 observational studies of low methodological quality and 13 non-analytical studies. There were significant and independent associations between challenging behaviours and @entity322 , @entity158 related to @entity306 and @entity25 , and between self-injurious behaviour and @entity227 . No association was found with @entity393 , @entity322 , @entity73 or @entity302 . Many other physical conditions were not addressed at all. CONCLUSION: Medical conditions can play a role in challenging behaviour, and this should be evaluated in the clinical setting. So far, the level of evidence is generally low, and longitudinal studies are completely lacking. We recommend a systematic approach to research examining the role of physical conditions in challenging behaviour, the ultimate aim being to establish a basis for the development of clinical guidelines.

title: Physical conditions and challenging behaviour in @entity1 with XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['bowel incontinence', 'urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment', 'mobility impairment']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity72564 :: ('MESH:D020937', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy, sensory impairment']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep disorders', 'chronic sleep problems']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['intellectual disability']


abstract: The embryotoxic potential of three model sediment samples with a distinct and well-characterized pollutant burden from the main German river basins Rhine and Elbe was investigated. The Fish Embryo Contact Test (FECT) in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) was applied and submitted to further development to allow for a comprehensive risk assessment of such complex environmental samples. As particulate pollutants are constructive constituents of sediments, they underlay episodic source-sink dynamics, becoming available to benthic organisms. As bioavailability of xenobiotics is a crucial factor for ecotoxicological hazard, we focused on the direct particle-exposure pathway, evaluating throughput-capable endpoints and considering toxicokinetics. Fish embryo and larvae were exposed toward reconstituted (freeze-dried) sediment samples on a microcosm-scale experimental approach. A range of @entity2971 were considered to gain knowledge of potential correlations with metabolic competence during the early embryogenesis. Morphological, physiological, and molecular endpoints were investigated to elucidate induced adverse effects, placing particular emphasis on genomic instability, assessed by the in vivo comet assay. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the extent of induced cell death, since @entity137 can lead to confounding effects. The implementation of relative @entity137 indices further provides inter-comparability between samples and related studies. All of the investigated sediments represent a significant ecotoxicological hazard by disrupting embryogenesis in @entity3392 . Beside the induction of acute @entity137 , morphological and physiological embryotoxic effects could be identified in a concentration-response manner. Increased DNA strand break frequency was detected after sediment contact in characteristic non-monotonic dose-response behavior due to overlapping cytotoxic effects. The embryonic @entity3392 @entity137 model along with the in vivo comet assay and molecular biomarker analysis should prospectively be considered to assess the ecotoxicological potential of sediments allowing for a comprehensive hazard ranking. In order to elucidate mode of action, novel techniques such as flow cytometry have been adopted and proved to be valuable tools for advanced risk assessment and management.

title: Genotoxic and teratogenic effect of freshwater sediment samples from the Rhine and Elbe River (Germany) in XXXX embryo using a multi-endpoint testing strategy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity3392 :: ('7955', 'Species') :: ['Danio rerio', 'zebrafish']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['different developmental embryonic stages']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has emerged as a major health problem globally as a consequence to the increased longevity of the population, changing the environment and life style. Chemoprevention is a new and promising strategy for reducing @entity5 burden. Recently, some natural products have been identified for their chemopreventive activity to reduce the @entity5 incidence. @entity9052 is known for its potential to treat various ailments in @entity1 beings. The present study was designed to explore the anticancer and antioxidative potential of @entity9052 against chemical-induced @entity105 in mammals. METHODS: @entity1489 were induced in Swiss albino @entity19 by a single topical application of @entity3653 (100   g/100   L @entity1324 ) and, 2  wks later, promoted by repeated applications of croton oil (thrice in a wk in 1% @entity1324 ) till the end of the experiment (i.e., 16  wk). Hydroalcoholic @entity9052 root extract at a dose of 25  mg/kg body weight/d was orally administered at the peri-initiation, postinitiation, and peri-post-initiation stages. RESULTS: @entity9052 root extract treatment caused a significant reduction in @entity5 incidence, cumulative number of @entity5 , @entity5 yield, and @entity5 burden, as compared to the @entity3653 -croton oil-treated control group. Further, biochemical assays revealed a significant enhancement in the levels of @entity2041 , @entity224 dismutase, catalase, @entity620 , and total proteins but a significant reduction in lipid peroxidation levels in both the liver and skin with @entity9052 root extract treatment, as compared to carcinogen-treated control group. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that @entity9052 has the potential to become a pivotal chemopreventive agent that can reduce @entity5 in mammals.

title: Chemoprevention of chemical-induced @entity1489 by XXXX root extract.

entities_list: @entity3653 :: ('CHEBI:254496', 'Chemical') :: ['7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['Skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity9052 :: ('4054', 'Species') :: ['P.  ginseng', 'Ginseng', 'Panax ginseng', 'ginseng']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['skin carcinogenesis']

answer: @entity9052 :: (4054,Species) :: ['Panax ginseng']


abstract: The timing of surgery in @entity1 with severe @entity337 and left ventricular (LV) failure, particularly when associated with active @entity884 ( @entity884 ), is of the utmost importance. From July 1982 to May 1984, 34 @entity1 , aged 15 to 60 years, with severe @entity337 underwent immediate (within 24 hours of diagnosis) aortic valve surgery. All @entity1 were in New York Heart Association class IV for LV failure. Eighteen @entity1 had @entity712 . Decision for immediate surgery was based on the echocardiographic demonstration of diastolic closure of the mitral valve or of vegetations on the aortic valve. Premature closure of the mitral valve was demonstrated echocardiographically in 17 @entity1 , 13 of whom had diastolic crossover of LV and left atrial pressure tracings recorded at surgery. @entity884 of the aortic valve was confirmed at surgery in 29 @entity1 , 27 of whom had vegetations on echocardiography. Seven @entity1 required replacement of both aortic and mitral valves. Antibiotic therapy for @entity884 was started immediately after blood cultures were taken and continued for 4 to 6 weeks postoperatively. The mortality rate within 30 days of surgery was 6% for the group as a whole and 7% for those with @entity884 . Mean follow-up period for the 32 survivors was 10.6 months. There were 2 late deaths. No @entity1 had @entity338 or persistence of @entity884 . Procrastination in referral for surgery of these extremely ill @entity1 is not justified and is likely to be associated with higher risks of morbidity and mortality.

title: Contribution of echocardiography and immediate surgery to the management of severe XXXX from active @entity884 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['right-sided heart failure']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['aortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['aortic regurgitation']


abstract: Adoptive immunotherapy of @entity1 @entity5 was investigated in our institution as part of a National @entity5 Institute extramural group study. This treatment, for @entity1 with metastatic @entity320 , @entity1358 , and @entity694 , consisted of three phases: (a) 5 days of i.v. high-dose (10(5) units/kg every 8 h) @entity1199 , (b) 6 1/2 days of rest plus leukapheresis; and (c) 4 days of high-dose @entity1199 plus three infusions of autologous @entity1199 -activated killer cells. @entity137 included @entity221 , chills, @entity591 , @entity551 , @entity391 , @entity294 , and fluid retention. @entity620 is known to be important to cell-mediated immunity, and it has been reported to be depleted during physiologically stressful events. Therefore, we determined plasma @entity620 levels in @entity1 (n = 11) before adoptive immunotherapy and before and after Phases 1, 2, and 3 of treatment. @entity1 entering the trial were not malnourished. Mean plasma @entity620 levels were normal (0.64 +/- 0.25 mg/dl) before therapy. Mean levels dropped by 80% after the first phase of treatment with high-dose @entity1199 alone (0.13 +/- 0.08 mg/dl). Mean plasma @entity620 levels remained severely depleted (0.08 to 0.13 mg/dl) throughout the remainder of the treatment, becoming undetectable (less than 0.05 mg/dl) in eight of 11 @entity1 during this time. Values obtained from 24-h urine collections on two of two @entity1 indicated that @entity9050 was not excreted in the urine. Plasma @entity620 normalized in three of three @entity1 tested 1 mo after the completion of treatment. Unlike the results for @entity620 , blood pantothenate and plasma @entity270 remained within normal limits in all 11 @entity1 throughout the phases of therapy. Responders (n = 3) differed from nonresponders (n = 8) in that plasma @entity9050 levels in the former recovered to at least 0.1 mg/dl (frank clinical scurvy) during Phases 2 and 3, whereas levels in the latter fell below this level.

title: Severe hypovitaminosis C occurring as the result of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose XXXX and @entity1199 -activated killer cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['Ascorbic acid', 'ascorbic acid']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['hypernephroma']

entities_list: @entity1199 :: ('3558', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin 2', 'lymphokine']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin 2']


abstract: In this paper, we apply the three-dimensional (3-D) active contour model to a 3-D ultrasonic data file for segmenting of the @entity0 . The 3-D ultrasonic file is composed of a series of two-dimensional (2-D) images. Most of traditional techniques of 2-D image segmentation will not use the information between adjacent images. To suit the property of the 3-D data, we introduce the concept of the 3-D stick, the 3-D morphologic process and the 3-D active contour model. The 3-D stick can get over the problem that the ultrasonic image is full of speckle noise and highlight the edge information in images. The 3-D morphologic process helps to determine the contour of the @entity5 and the resulting contour can be regarded as the initial contour of the active contour model. Finally, the 3-D active contour model will make the initial contour approach to the real contour of the @entity5 . However, there is emphasis on these 3-D techniques that they do not consist of a series of 2-D techniques. When they work, they will consider the horizontal, vertical and depth directions at the same time. The use of these 3-D techniques not only segments the 3-D shape but also obtains the volume of the @entity5 . The volume of the @entity5 calculated by the proposed method will be compared with the volume calculated by the VOCAL software with the physician's manually drawn shape and it shows that the performance of our method is satisfactory.

title: Segmentation of XXXX in three-dimensional ultrasound images using three-dimensional discrete active contour model.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast tumor']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast tumor']


abstract: PURPOSE: We report our initial results with an original modification of Yachia corporoplasty to correct congenital and acquired ventral penile deviations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 12 @entity1 with congenital or acquired ventral curvature of the penis underwent modified corporoplasty. The surgical procedure, which was performed during artificial erection, consists of Yachia plasty done in the bed of the deep dorsal vein, which was previously resected. To our knowledge the procedure that we describe is the only corporoplasty for ventral deviation that does not require any manipulation of the neurovascular bundle but ensures at the same time definitive coalescence of the tunical edges. RESULTS: Penile curvature was completely eliminated in all @entity1 . No change in erectile function was reported by 11 @entity1 (92%). Eight @entity1 (67%) reported penile shortening (1 to 2.5 cm) but the decreased length did not cause interference with sexual activity. No other surgery related complication, such as @entity158 or loss of sensitivity, was reported. Ten of the 12 @entity1 interviewed (83%) reported full satisfaction with the results. Two @entity1 (17%) reported partial satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Nesbit procedure that we propose allows complete and definitive correction of @entity546 without any manipulation of the dorsal bundle. Excellent penile straightening and the lack of significant @entity260 result in high @entity1 satisfaction rates.

title: Modified corporoplasty for XXXX : description of the technique and initial results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['ventral penile curvature']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity546 :: (MESH:D004414,Disease) :: ['ventral penile curvature']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the 30 days outcome measured in terms of morbidity and mortality in cases of @entity1757 ( @entity1757 ) with @entity358 resistance (PVR) managed with double flap patch closure. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi, from December 2005 to December 2008. METHODOLOGY: Forty @entity1 with @entity1757 having PVR 9.58 + 4.33 wood units underwent double flap patch closure. The patch was fenestrated as one half of the expected aortic annulus diameter. A separate flap patch 5 mm larger than fenestration was attached to superior upper one third margins of fenestration. The patch was placed with flap to open towards the left ventricular apex. Modified ultra filtration (MUF) was employed in every case and @entity7855 was given postoperatively. RESULTS: The age of @entity1 ranged from 1 to 28 years with a mean of 6.66 + 5.70 years. There were 22 males and 18 females. All @entity1 were weaned off from inotropic and ventilatory support as earlier as possible postoperatively with intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 77.15 + 54.56 hours. @entity891 were reduced to 42.63 + 10.86 mmHg as compared to pre-operative pulmonary artery pressures of 88.3 + 15.2 mmHg. Postoperatively 11 @entity1 with @entity551 and desaturation went into @entity120 in which immediate 2D echo evidenced the functioning flap valve with right to left shunt. There was only one death (early) out of 40 @entity1 with an overall mortality of 2.5% along with limited morbidity. CONCLUSION: Double flap patch is an inexpensive, easy to construct technique with low morbidity and mortality in cases of @entity1757 with raised PVR.

title: Double flap patch closure of XXXX with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance: an experience at AFIC/NIHD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['VSD', 'ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertensive crisis']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pulmonary artery pressures']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['increased pulmonary vascular']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['suprasystemic pulmonary artery pressures']

answer: @entity1757 :: (MESH:D006345,Disease) :: ['VSD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cerebral non-invasive monitoring of @entity26 saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy (rSO2) during paediatric cardiac surgery is supposed to decrease the risk of @entity16 . Since haemoglobin level is one of the factors changing rSO2, we aimed to explore if rSO2 monitoring influences intra-operative RBC (red blood cell) transfusion threshold and volumes, as well as the duration of ICU stay. METHODS: The design was a retrospective analysis involving 91 @entity1 less than 2 years of age (including 16 neonates) with a @entity299 requiring surgical treatment with or without cardiopulmonary bypass from January 2006 to August 2009. Systematic rSO2 monitoring was introduced after September 2007 (n=56). The independent factors associated with the intra-operative transfusion threshold haemoglobin (Hb) level>9.5g/dL, total volume of intra-operative RBC transfusion<30mL/kg and ICU stay<6 days were identified by multivariate analysis logistic regression. Data were expressed as medians (25-75%). RESULTS: @entity299 and demographic characteristics were similar in both periods. Two independent factors, weight and rSO2 monitoring, were identified as independent factors associated with the three end-points. The transfusion threshold, total transfusion volume and ICU stay with and without rSO2 were 9.8 (8.9 to 10.3) versus 8.7 (8.2 to 9.6) g/dL (P<0.0001), 20 (14-49) versus 36 (22.5-51.5) mL/kg (P=0.0165) and 5 (3-8) versus 7 (5-10.7) days (P=0.0084), respectively. CONCLUSION: rSO2 monitoring changed our transfusion strategy with an earlier transfusion but a reduced total RBC volume and decreased the length of ICU stay.

title: A retrospective study about cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring during paediatric cardiac surgery and intra-operative XXXX blood management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac malformations', 'congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Polygraphy (PG) and polysomnography (PSG) are used in clinical settings in Europe for diagnosing @entity27 ( @entity27 ), but their equivalence in unselected clinical cohorts is unknown. We hypothesized that the method would affect both diagnostic outcomes and disease severity stratification. Data from 11  049 @entity1 in the multi-centre European Sleep Apnea Cohort (ESADA) with suspected @entity27 (male and female, aged 18-80  years) were used in two groups of @entity1 to compare PG (n  =  5745) and PSG (n  =  5304). Respiratory events were scored using the 2007 American Association of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria. In subjects who underwent PSG, mean @entity27 index (AHI) using sleep time (AHIPSG 31.0      26.1  h(-1) ) and total analysed time (TAT) (AHITAT 24.7      22.0  h(-1) ) were higher than in subjects who underwent PG (AHIPG 22.0      23.5  h(-1) ) (P  <  0.0001). The @entity26 desaturation index (ODI) was lower in subjects investigated with PG (ODIPG 18.4      21.7  h(-1) ) compared to subjects investigated with PSG (ODIPSG 23.0      25.3  h(-1) ) but not different when the PSG was indexed by TAT (ODITAT 18.6      21.4  h(-1) , P  <  0.65). The proportion of @entity1 with an AHI >=   15 was 64% in the subjects who underwent PSG and 47% in the subjects who underwent PG (P  <  0.001). Overall, @entity1 investigated using PG are likely to have a 30% lower AHI on average, compared to @entity1 investigated by PSG. This study suggests that PG interpreted using standard guidelines results in underdiagnosis and misclassification of @entity27 . We advocate the development of PG-specific guidelines for the management of @entity27 @entity1 .

title: The diagnostic method has a strong influence on classification of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea']


abstract: The Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) is an external defibrillator that automatically detects and treats @entity1165 without the need for assistance from a bystander while at the same time allowing the @entity1 to ambulate freely. The main components of the system are the defibrillator unit and a chest belt with electrodes for @entity943 detection and therapy delivery. Between December 1998 and October 2001, 84 @entity1 used the device at our institution. The majority of @entity1 had a history of acute @entity583 or coronary artery bypass surgery with an increased risk for @entity1164 or were awaiting heart transplantation. During a mean follow-up of 116+/-90 days, 7 episodes of @entity1165 were detected and terminated successfully by the WCD in 5 @entity1 . In 9720 days, there was one inappropriate shock due to oversensing of electrical noise. Four @entity1 died during follow-up; none of them had a @entity1167 while wearing the device. Five @entity1 were excluded because of irregularities in device use. An @entity1479 was implanted in 24 @entity1 at the end of the follow-up period. The WCD is effective in detecting and treating @entity1165 in @entity1 with an intermittently increased risk for @entity1164 . Further use of the system in larger @entity1 populations is needed to confirm its safety and cost effectiveness.

title: [The Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WCD) for the prevention of XXXX -- a single center experience].

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity470 activating mutations have been recognized as the most important predictor of response to @entity470 - @entity669 kinase inhibitors ( @entity470 -TKIs). However, 20-30% of @entity1 harboring @entity470 activating mutations show a poor response requiring investigation for underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Characteristics of 541 @entity1 with @entity2 harboring @entity470 activating mutations were analyzed to determine contributing factors that could differentiate responders and non-responders. In addition, previously suggested moleculo-pathologic factors of resistance such as IkB, @entity2856 , @entity983 , MET, @entity14029 and BIM were evaluated in @entity1 exhibiting primary resistance who had sufficient biopsied tissues available for analyses. RESULTS: Responders to @entity470 -TKIs had a higher incidence of deletion mutations and more frequent presence of @entity470 amplifications than non-responders. The median OS was 21 months (95% CI 26.1-30.4) in responders compared to 8 months (95% CI 8.7-15.8) in non-responders (p<0.001). In analyses of @entity1 with primary resistance, we found that 27.3% (6/22) of them exhibited decreased expression of IkB, and 9.1% (2/22) of @entity1 showed increased expression of @entity2856 . Loss of @entity983 was noted in 54.5%, and BIM polymorphism was found in 19% of @entity1 . No @entity1 had MET amplification, while expression of @entity14029 was detected in 5 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had simultaneous @entity9513 @entity470 or @entity10160 mutation alongside @entity470 activating mutation. Most of @entity1 exhibited @entity156 of these factors. The overall survival was worse in the group with multiple resistant factors. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that mechanisms of primary resistance may be more complex than those underlying acquired resistance, with several factors concomitantly contributing to primary resistance.

title: Multiple resistant factors in XXXX with primary resistance to @entity470 -TK inhibitors confer poor survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity156 :: ('MESH:D000015', 'Disease') :: ['multiple abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been demonstrated that chronic @entity167 misusers, who drink at least 60 g of @entity1068 per day, are suffering increased postoperative morbidity after various non-pulmonary surgical procedures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity167 consumption and postoperative morbidity and mortality after potential curative resection for @entity2 . METHODS: The records of all @entity1 who underwent curative resection for @entity2 in a single University Centre in Cardiothoracic surgery during 1997 and 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. One hundred and seven @entity1 , 42 @entity1 and 65 @entity1 , median age of 64 (33-79) years, were included and subdivided with regard to @entity167 consumption. There were 26 pneumonectomies, 68 lobectomies and 13 lesser resections. Clinical complications occurring within 30 days after surgery and requiring therapy, were registered and subdivided into major, potentially lethal complications, and minor complications. Mortality within 30 days after surgery was also registered. RESULTS: @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks per day had increased postoperative mortality, 3/13 versus 2/94 (odds ratio (95% confidence limits): 13.80 (2.06-92.68); P=0.007). The rate of major, live threatening complications including @entity295 and @entity1887 was significantly increased among @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks per day 6/13 versus 19/94 (odds ratio (95% confidence limits): 3.38 (1.02-11.25); P=0.047) in univariate analysis. However, in multivariate analysis this association was not significant. CONCLUSION: Postoperative mortality after curative resection for @entity2 was significantly increased among @entity1 drinking at least 5 drinks of @entity167 per day.

title: Impaired postoperative outcome in chronic @entity167 abusers after curative resection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['septicaemia']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary insufficiency']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: The antifolate drugs @entity16945 and @entity4765 are used for treatment of @entity503 -resistant @entity3964 in Africa. Resistance to @entity4765 has been associated with point mutations in the @entity12838 -gene and resistance to @entity16945 with mutations in the @entity52882 -gene. There is concern that the use of the antifolates @entity206 and @entity207 for treatment of other @entity166 will result in the selection of @entity311 parasites with mutations in these genes. In Guinea-Bissau, where @entity11682 and @entity206 -containing drugs have been used extensively, we decided to assess the prevalence of mutations in the @entity12838 -and @entity52882 -gene in @entity3964 isolated from @entity1 suffering from @entity15527 and to assess the resistance patterns to @entity206 / @entity207 in @entity526 isolated from the same @entity1 . A thick film and a blood sample for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were obtained from 100 @entity1 attending the Bandim Health Centre in Bissau with symptoms compatible with @entity311 . Furthermore, a stool sample was collected from the same @entity1 and cultured for @entity526 . Of the cultured @entity526 , 67% were resistant both to @entity13135 and @entity206 , 4% to @entity13135 alone, 3% to @entity206 alone while 26% were fully sensitive to both drugs. PCR was successfully performed in 97 blood samples. Of these, 41% had triple mutations at the @entity12838 -gene (at codons 51, 59 and 108), and 15% had triple mutations plus mutation at codon 437 in the @entity52882 -gene. Only 45% harboured the wild-type @entity12838 -gene. Thus both bacterial resistance and mutations in the parasitic genes were common, but not linked in the individual @entity1 . As @entity1484 has only been used as a second line treatment for @entity503 resistant @entity311 in Guinea-Bissau for a few years, it is worrying to find a high prevalence of mutations in the parasitic genes coding for resistance to these drugs. Therefore, restricting the use of @entity1484 for the treatment of @entity503 resistant @entity311 might not be sufficient to prevent the development of resistance in the parasites as long as antifolate drugs are used extensively.

title: Genetic markers of resistance to XXXX and @entity13135 in @entity3964 parasites compared with the resistance patterns in isolates of @entity526 from the same @entity1 in Guinea-Bissau.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1484 :: ('MESH:C001205', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity15527 :: ('MESH:C531736', 'Disease') :: ['acute malaria']

entities_list: @entity11682 :: ('CHEBI:35358', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity16945 :: ('CHEBI:9329', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphadoxine']

entities_list: @entity13135 :: ('MESH:D013449', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonamides']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulphamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious diseases']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim']

answer: @entity4765 :: (MESH:D011739,Chemical) :: ['pyrimethamine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 resulting from the exposure to sublethal chemical concentrations is an increasing concern in environmental risk assessment. The Fish Embryo @entity137 (FET) test with @entity3392 provides a reliable prediction of acute @entity137 in adult fish, but it cannot yet be applied to predict the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 . Identification of sublethal FET endpoints that can assist in predicting the occurrence of chronic or delayed @entity137 would be advantageous. The present study characterized the occurrence of delayed @entity137 in @entity3392 larvae following early exposure to @entity22038 , previously described to cause delayed effects in the common sole. The first aim was to investigate the occurrence and temporal profiles of delayed @entity137 during @entity3392 larval development and compare them to those previously described for sole to evaluate the suitability of @entity3392 as a model fish species for delayed @entity137 assessment. The second aim was to examine the correlation between the sublethal endpoints assessed during embryonal and early larval development and the delayed effects observed during later larval development. After exposure to @entity22038 (3-3000ng/L) until 5 days post fertilization (dpf), larvae were reared in clean water until 14 or 28 dpf. Mortality and sublethal morphological and behavioural endpoints were recorded daily, and growth was assessed at 28 dpf. Early life exposure to @entity22038 caused delayed mortality (300ng/L and 3000ng/L) as well as growth impairment and delayed development (100ng/L) during the clean water period. Effects on swim @entity1494 and cartilaginous tissues within 5 dpf were the most promising for predicting delayed mortality and sublethal effects, such as @entity393 , delayed metamorphosis, reduced inflation of swim bladder and column malformations. The EC50 value for swim @entity1494 at 5 dpf (169ng/L) was similar to the LC50 value at 8 dpf (188 and 202ng/L in two experiments). Interestingly, the patterns of delayed mortality and delayed effects on growth and development were similar between sole and @entity3392 . This indicates the comparability of critical developmental stages across divergent fish species such as a cold water marine flatfish and a tropical freshwater cyprinid. Additionally, sublethal effects in early embryo-larval stages were found promising for predicting delayed lethal and sublethal effects of @entity22038 . Therefore, the proposed method with @entity3392 is expected to provide valuable information on delayed mortality and delayed sublethal effects of chemicals and environmental samples that may be extrapolated to other species.

title: Early life exposure to @entity22038 results in delayed mortality and growth impairment in the XXXX larvae.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder inflation']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['decreased standard length']

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We previously demonstrated a significant @entity14 risk in @entity29 ( @entity29 ) @entity1 with mucosal changes indefinite for @entity1141 (IND) and the potential diagnostic utility of @entity876 and @entity5822 immunohistochemistry in @entity29 -associated @entity5 . The primary aim of this exploratory study was to determine the predictive value of the two markers for @entity5 risk in the @entity29 -IND population. METHODS: We identified 44 eligible cases with @entity29 and IND in colon biopsy from our pathology database. We semi-quantified the expression of @entity876 and @entity5822 in the colon biopsies by immunohistochemistry and correlated their expression, demographic information, and clinical features with @entity14 outcome. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 46.6        15.1 years, with 25 (56.8%) being male. The median follow-up was 101 months (range: 6-247) after IND diagnosis. Among these 44 @entity1 , 11 (25%) progressed to @entity5 (low-grade @entity1141   =   6; high-grade @entity1141   =   2; @entity5 3) at a median follow-up of 66 months (range: 19-145). Univariate analysis demonstrated that age and @entity876 overexpression were associated with progression to @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-five percent of @entity1 with @entity29 and IND developed @entity14 or @entity5 . Overexpression of @entity876 and age are associated with @entity5 progression.

title: Overexpression of XXXX predicts @entity14 risk in @entity1 with @entity29 and mucosa changes indefinite for @entity1141 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia', 'neoplastic', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Allogeneic bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation (BMT) represents an important therapeutic tool for treatment of otherwise incurable malignant and non-malignant diseases. Until recently, autologous and allogeneic bone marrow or mobilized blood stem cells transplantation were used primarily to replace malignant, genetically abnormal or deficient immunohematopoietic compartment and therefore, highly toxic myeloablative regimen were considered mandatory for more effective eradication of all undesirable host-derived hematopoietic elements. Our preclinical and ongoing clinical studies indicated that much more effective eradication of host immunohematopoietic system cells could be achieved by adoptive allogeneic cell therapy with donor lymphocyte infusion following BMT. Thus, eradication of @entity5 cells, especially in @entity1 with @entity1860 and less frequently in @entity1 with other @entity1583 , could be frequently accomplished despite complete resistance of such @entity5 cells to maximally tolerated doses of chemoradiotherapy. Our cumulative experience suggested that graft versus @entity1778 (GVL) effects might be a useful tool for eradication of otherwise resistant @entity5 cells of host origin. Based on the cumulative clinical experience and experimental data in animal models of @entity1 diseases it appears that induction of host versus graft tolerance as step one, may allow durable engraftment of donor immunocompetent lymphocytes, which may be used for induction of effective biologic warfare against host-type immunohematopoietic cells that need to be replaced, malignant, genetically abnormal or self-reactive alike. Based on the aforementioned rationale, we speculated that the therapeutic benefit of BMT may be improved by using a safer conditioning as part of the transplant procedure, with the goal in mind to induce host versus graft tolerance to enable subsequent induction of GVL, possibly graft versus @entity5 or even graft versus autoimmunity effects, rather than attempt to eliminate host cells with hazardous myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. The latter hypothesis suggested that effective BMT procedure may be accomplished without lethal conditioning of the host, using new well tolerated non-myeloablative regimen, thus possibly minimizing immediate and late side effects related to myeloablative procedures considered until recently mandatory for conditioning of BMT recipients. Recent clinical data that will be presented suggests that effective BMT procedures may be accomplished with well-tolerated non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) regimen, with no major @entity137 . Thus, new NST approaches may offer the feasibility of safer BMT procedure for a large spectrum of clinical indications in @entity1 and elderly individuals without lower or upper age limit, while minimizing procedure-related @entity137 and mortality. Taken together, our cumulative data suggest that high dose chemotherapy and radiation therapy may be successively replaced by a more effective biologic tool, alloreactive donor lymphocytes, thus setting the stage for innovative therapeutic procedures for safer and more effective treatment of @entity1 in need of BMT.

title: Non-myeloablative stem cell transplantation for the treatment of XXXX and life-threatening non-malignant disorders; past accomplishments and future goals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['blood cancer', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic malignancies']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine through the analysis of our multi-institutional database whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity3484 with localized invasive @entity3484 ( @entity3484 ) is beneficial. METHODS: A study population of 93 @entity1 with pT3N0/xM0 @entity3484 was eligible for this study. Clinical features evaluated were sex, @entity5 location, adjuvant chemotherapy status, @entity5 pathology (histology, grade, infiltrating growth, @entity3 ( @entity3 )), and cause of @entity204 . Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors related to CSS were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In @entity1803 @entity1 , overall 5-year CSS rate was 68.4% and median CSS time was 31 months (range 3-114 months). In the adjuvant chemotherapy group, 5-year CSS rate was 80.8%, whereas 5-year CSS rate was 64.4% in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group. By multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy status was significantly associated with CSS (P = 0.008) were sex, @entity5 grade, @entity5 histology, and @entity3 presence. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although it was retrospective study, revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy after RNU may be beneficial in pT3N0/X @entity1 by multivariate analysis. Prospective studies evaluating adjuvant therapy regimens for UTTC are required.

title: The result of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized XXXX @entity3484 in a multi-institutional study.

entities_list: @entity3484 :: ('MESH:D014571', 'Disease') :: ['UUTC', 'upper urinary tract carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion', 'LVI']

answer: @entity1803 :: (7694,Gene) :: ['pT3']


abstract: Constipation in @entity1 is a common health problem affecting 0.7% to 29.6% @entity1 across the world. Exact etiology for developing symptoms is not clear in @entity1 and the majority is considered to have functional @entity1142 . Alteration of rectal and pelvic floor function through the brain-gut axis seems to play a crucial role in the etiology. The diagnosis is often a symptom-based clinical process. Recently developed Rome III diagnostic criteria looks promising, both in clinical and research fields. Laboratory investigations such as barium enema, colonoscopy, anorectal manometry and colonic transit studies are rarely indicated except in those who do not respond to standard management. Treatment of childhood @entity1142 involves several facets including education and demystification, toilet training, rational use of laxatives for disimpaction and maintenance and regular follow-up. Surgical options should be considered only when medical therapy fails in long standing @entity1142 . Since most of the management strategies of childhood @entity1142 are not evidence-based, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to assess the efficacy of currently available or newly emerging therapeutic options. Contrary to the common belief that @entity1 outgrow @entity1142 as they grow up, a sizable percentage continue to have symptoms beyond puberty.

title: Constipation in XXXX : novel insight into epidemiology, pathophysiology and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']