abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) is characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, and restrictive and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. This study aimed to analyze trends in @entity72 diagnosis and intervention in 20 years of data from the Beijing Stars and Rain Education Institute for @entity2438 (SR), the first @entity2438 intervention center in mainland China, and from a recent survey of members of the Heart Alliance, an industry association of @entity2438 intervention centers in China. METHODS: We analyzed the registration data at the SR from 1993 to 2012 for a total of 2,222 @entity1 who had a parent-reported diagnosis of @entity72 and 612 of ' @entity2438 tendencies'. Most of the @entity1 who were the primary focus of our analyses were age six and under. We also analyzed results of a survey we conducted in 2013 of 100 member centers of the Heart Alliance. Generalized Estimating Equations, multiple linear regression and the Mann-Whitney test were used for data analysis. Statistically significant findings are reported here. RESULTS: The number of hospitals where SR @entity1 received their diagnosis increased from several in the early 1990s to 276 at present. The proportion of ' @entity2438 tendencies' diagnosis increased 2.04-fold from 1998 to 2012 and was higher for @entity1 diagnosed at a younger age. The mean age at first diagnosis of @entity72 or ' @entity2438 tendencies' decreased by 0.27 years every decade. A higher level of parental education was statistically significantly associated with an earlier diagnosis of the @entity1 . The mean parental age at childbirth increased by about 1.48 years per decade, and the mean maternal age was 1.40 and 2.10 years higher than that in the national population censuses of 2000 and 2010, respectively. At the time of the survey 3,957 @entity1 with @entity72 were being trained at the 100 @entity2438 intervention centers. Ninety-seven of these centers opened after the year 2000. Economically underdeveloped regions are still underserved. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed encouraging trends and remaining challenges in @entity72 diagnosis and intervention among @entity1 at the SR over the past 20 years and the 100 @entity2438 intervention centers in China at present.

title: Statistical analysis of twenty years (1993 to 2012) of data from mainland China's first intervention center for @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASD', 'Autism spectrum disorder']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'autistic', 'Autism']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Use of the heterotopic @entity35 cardiac isograft model is limited by ventricular @entity194 attributable to the left ventricle's non-working state. Previous studies indicate that increased left ventricular pressure-volume work minimizes @entity194 . We used a simpler approach to increase ventricular work, imposing @entity337 on the transplant. We hypothesized that this would prevent @entity194 and preserve left ventricular compliance. METHODS: We analyzed heterotopic transplants with aortic valvotomy and without aortic valvotomy (controls). Recipient native hearts served as separate controls. After 15 to 25 days, we measured cardiac wet weight, dry weight, and water content of all groups and measured echocardiographic left ventricular wall thickness and end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters in both transplant groups. Left ventricular volume infusions yielded pressure-volume data that we analyzed using regression methods. RESULTS: Aortic regurgitant transplants weighed more than control transplants (dry weight, 0.109 +/- 0.013 g vs 0.097 +/- 0.016 g; p = 0.020, 2-way analysis of variance), but all transplants weighed less than native hearts weighed (p = 0.001). Control transplants were less compliant than regurgitant transplants (p = 0.002), but the latter were similar to their own native hearts (p = 0.34). Wall thickness decreased in regurgitant vs control transplants (p = 0.020, Student's t-test), but end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters increased (p < or = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity337 in heterotopic transplants improves left ventricular compliance through chamber dilatation without preventing @entity194 . Moderate acute @entity337 affects ventricular remodeling more than it stimulates @entity1283 . Smaller end-diastolic diameter, greater wall thickness, and @entity296 may explain decreased compliance in non-working transplants.

title: XXXX in the heterotopic @entity35 heart transplant: effect on ventricular remodeling and diastolic function.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial edema']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity337 :: ('MESH:D001022', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic regurgitation', 'aortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity337 :: (MESH:D001022,Disease) :: ['Aortic regurgitation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 724 Background: @entity1 (pts) with @entity0 often receive intensive chemotherapy to halt disease progression. Subsequent treatment choices are thus complex due to cumulative @entity137 of previous therapies, to paucity of effective cytotoxic regimens with a low @entity137 burden, and to compromised performance status. METHODS: A combination of @entity3003 (AUC4, Calvert) plus @entity8178 (1250 mg/m(2) Days 1 _ 8, than reduced to 1000 mg/m(2) ) was given to 28 pts with @entity0 (median age: 50 yrs, range: 31-72; PS 0-1/2: 25/3). All @entity1 previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease, 21 had >=  3 chemotherapy regimens; 11 pts had disease resistant to both @entity5948 and @entity6023 . RESULTS: After the first 4 pts were treated, @entity8178 -dose was reduced from 1250 to 1000 mg/m(2) because of limiting haematological @entity137 on day 1 or 8, requiring treatment delay/omission: @entity1398 G3 (2 pt) / G4 (1 pt), @entity882 G4 (1 pt), @entity417 G3 (1 pt). After @entity8178 dose-reduction, we observed G3-4 @entity882 (21%,) and @entity1398 (50%), with 1 episode of @entity1398 not requiring hospitalisation. Subjective @entity137 was mild, without non-haematolgical G3-4 @entity137 but G3 skin-reaction (3 pts). Partial responses were observed in 5/23 pts valuable (22%); stable disease and disease progression in 7 and 12 pts, respectively. Two @entity1 with partial responses and 2 with disease stabilisation were observed in the 11 pts resistant to both @entity6023 and @entity5948 . CONCLUSIONS: This regimen is effective and well-tolerated and might be considered a reasonable treatment option for heavily pretreated @entity1 . No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: Caring for heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity0 ( XXXX ): @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) - gemcitabine ( @entity8178 ) combination is effective and well tolerate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity5948 :: ('D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracycline']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['MBC']


abstract: Percutaneous kyphoplasty is a minimally invasive technique that has become an effective and routine alternative for managing @entity3814 . This article reports the clinical outcome of a series of 54 cases of @entity3814 treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty. Fifty-four @entity1 with confirmed @entity170 and at least 1 level of thoracolumbar vertebrae compression @entity174 were retrospectively selected. Pre- and postoperative and last follow-up clinical evaluation and radiological data were analyzed, including change of visual analog scale (VAS), reduced use of painkillers, locomotor activity, Cobb's angle, and average vertebral body height. Mean follow-up was 20.4 months (range, 6-36 months). In all cases, percutaneous kyphoplasty treatment was successful, significantly increasing vertebral body height, diminishing @entity1513 in the fractured vertebrae, and decreasing painkiller use. In all @entity1 , percutaneous kyphoplasty partially or completely relieved back @entity158 . No new @entity85 was found within the follow-up period, nor were any other complications. The cement leakage rate was 3.86% (8 of 207 vertebrae) with percutaneous kyphoplasty, but no neurological or other complaints were received. Percutaneous kyphoplasty is a simple and safe procedure in managing @entity3814 . It relieves @entity158 quickly, restores vertebral height, prevents further @entity174 , and improves @entity1 quality of life.

title: Efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty in treating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebrae compression fractures', 'osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures', 'osteoporotic vertebrae compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity']

answer: @entity3814 :: (MESH:D050815,Disease) :: ['osteoporotic multithoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures']


abstract: Salt treatment of the cytoplasmic @entity53 -receptor complex from @entity1573 oviduct induces a strong affinity of the complex for DNA-cellulose and @entity4364 . This process is called activation. Binding to heparin- and lysozyme-sepharose is also observed with the untreated complex. But, the salt treatment, additional binding of the complex to these adsorbents is seen. The increased ability of the complex to bind to polyanions and polycations is destroyed by mild trypsination. The binding to the hydrophobic adsorbent is not affected by this treatment. Neither a change of the sedimentation constant nor of the size of the receptor protein is observed after salt treatment in the cold. After binding of the salt-activated @entity53 -receptor complex to DNA-cellulose in the cold, an increase of its sedimentation constant and its size, as measured by density-gradient centrifugation and agarose gel chromatography, resp., becomes apparent. A similar phenomenon is observed after binding to DEAE-cellulose and to some extent after binding to heparin-sepharose. The nuclear complex seems to have the same sedimentation constant as the cytoplasmic complex eluted from DNA-cellulose. The sedimentation constant of the nuclear complex is not changed after DNA-cellulose chromatography. The cytoplasmic @entity1420 -receptor complex from the same tissue, i.e. the oviduct, does not show any change of size. Thus the well-known process of transformation can now be separated into 2 steps. (1) Activation of the @entity53 -receptor complex for its binding to various adsorbents in vitro and probably to its acceptor site(s) in vivo. (2) Increase of receptor size. This second step seems to be a special property of the @entity53 -receptor complex. Its physiological significance is unclear.

title: Transformation of the estrogen-receptor complex from XXXX oviduct in 2 steps.

entities_list: @entity4364 :: ('MESH:C020927', 'Chemical') :: ['phenyl-sepharose']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['chick']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Routine use of Doppler echocardiography for the initial diagnosis of @entity4789 ( @entity4789 ) might allow early detection and, hence, prevention of @entity627 . This study sought to determine the incidence of subclinical @entity2401 in @entity4789 @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 80 @entity1 (64 @entity625 , 16 @entity4790 ) who were diagnosed with @entity4789 according to the Jones criteria, 1992 update. @entity627 was defined as the presence of the following findings on Doppler echocardiography: mitral and aortic regurgitant jets in at least two planes, the length of the jets >1 cm, and peak flow velocities of >2.5 m/sec for both mitral and aortic regurgitations persisting throughout systole and diastole, respectively. The @entity1 diagnosed with subclinical @entity2401 were re-evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Echocardiography revealed subclinical @entity2401 in 25 @entity1 (31.3%; 13 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 ; mean age 11.4  2.5 years) with @entity4789 . Of 64 @entity1 with @entity625 , 34 (53.1%) had clinical @entity2401 and 17 (26.6%) had subclinical @entity2401 . The incidences of clinical and subclinical @entity2401 among 16 @entity1 with @entity4790 were 31.3% (n=5) and 50% (n=8), respectively. Of 20 @entity1 who completed one-year follow-up, persistence of subclinical @entity2401 was observed in 11 cases (55%). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be attentive to the presence of @entity299 among @entity1 with suspected @entity4789 . Considering the high incidence of subclinical @entity2401 , echocardiographic evidence of @entity2401 should be used as a diagnostic criterion.

title: [Silent enemy in @entity4789 : subclinical XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity4789 :: ('MESH:D012213', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute rheumatic fever']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity627 :: ('MESH:D012216', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatic carditis', 'rheumatic recurrences']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['migratory polyarthritis']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic chorea']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac involvement']

answer: @entity2401 :: (MESH:D009205,Disease) :: ['carditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity2175 are at increased risk of @entity73 . The retinal and renal complications of @entity6 follow microvascular damage permitting small arterioles to leak, hence the @entity75 might also follow loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity. Magnetic resonance (MR) brain imaging with intravenous @entity2287 (Gd) diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid ( @entity7241 ) was used to identify increased BBB permeability. METHODS: Ten well controlled type II @entity6 @entity1 aged 65-70 years and 10 controls underwent MR brain imaging with fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR); T1 weighted (T1W) volumetric imaging before; and T1W volumetric imaging at 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes after intravenous @entity7241 . The T1W image before @entity7241 was subtracted from the images at each time point after @entity7241 . Net signal intensity was plotted against time for different brain regions. @entity62 were scored from the FLAIR image. RESULTS: The signal intensity/time curves showed that brain signal intensity increased more in the @entity6 group than controls during the first 15 minutes after @entity7241 , particularly in the basal ganglia (p=0.018). Signal intensity in controls peaked at five minutes and @entity6 at 15 minutes. Subjects with more @entity62 had greater signal increase after @entity7241 , whether @entity6 or not (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Increased BBB permeability with MR imaging was detected in @entity1 with @entity62 . Increased permeability of the BBB might account for some of the cerebral effects of @entity2175 , and so possibly also for the effect of other conditions that affect the microvasculature (like @entity101 ), on the brain.

title: Increased blood-brain barrier permeability in XXXX demonstrated by @entity2287 magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral damage']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['white matter hyperintensities', 'type II diabetes or white matter hyperintensities', 'White matter hyperintensities']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity2175 :: (MESH:D003924,Disease) :: ['type II diabetes']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the role of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated @entity1206 (Thermo-Vin) in combined radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity96 . Materials and Methods Approval from the institutional animal care and use committee was obtained before this study. First, the anticancer efficacy of Thermo-Vin was assessed in vitro (H22 cells) for 72 hours at 37  C or 42  C. Next, 203 H22 liver @entity420 were implanted in 191 @entity19 for in vivo study. @entity5 were randomized into seven groups: (a) no treatment, (b) treatment with RF ablation alone, (c) treatment with RF ablation followed by free @entity1206 (Free-Vin) at 30 minutes, (d) treatment with RF ablation followed by empty liposomes (Empty-Lip+RF), (e) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (5 mg/kg), (f) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (10 mg/kg), and (g) treatment with RF ablation followed by Thermo-Vin (20 mg/kg). @entity5 destruction areas and pathologic changes were compared for different groups at 24 and 72 hours after treatment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare end-point survival ( @entity5 < 30 mm in diameter). Additionally, the effect of initial @entity5 size on long-term outcome was analyzed. Results In vitro, both Free-Vin and Thermo-Vin dramatically inhibited H22 cell viability at 24 hours. Likewise, in vivo, 10 mg/kg Thermo-Vin+RF ablation increased @entity5 destruction compared with RF ablation (P = .001). Intratumoral @entity1206 accumulation with Thermo-Vin+RF increased 15-fold compared with Free-Vin alone. Thermo-Vin substantially increased apoptosis at the coagulation margin and suppressed cellular proliferation in the @entity41 (P < .001). The Thermo-Vin+RF study arm also had better survival than the arm treated with RF ablation alone (mean, 37.6 days    20.1 vs 23.4 days    5.0; P = .001), the arm treated with Free-Vin+RF (23.3 days    1.2, P = .002), or the arm treated with Empty-Lip+RF (20.8 days    0.4, P < .001) in animals with medium-sized (10-12-mm) @entity5 . No significant difference in end-point survival was noted in the treatment arms with large or small @entity5 . Conclusion Thermo-Vin can effectively increase @entity5 destruction and improve animal survival. End-point survival is most affected in animals with medium-sized @entity5 , suggesting that combination therapy should be tailored to @entity5 size and the expected volume of ablation of the device used. (  ) RSNA, 2016 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Does Thermosensitive Liposomal XXXX Improve End-Point Survival after Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of @entity96 in a @entity19 Model?

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['vinorelbine']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity1206 :: (MESH:C030852,Chemical) :: ['Vinorelbine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity5 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity1544 and to correlate this with @entity1 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity16051 , @entity6472 , and @entity5840 in surgical specimens. @entity1 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity5 grade, @entity5 stage, smoking history, and @entity167 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity5 were found to be positive for @entity16051 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity5 were also positive for @entity6472 and @entity5840 . IH was only positive for @entity16051 in one @entity1 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity5 (40%) were positive for @entity6472 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity5 were positive for @entity6472 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity5 (44.4%) were positive for @entity5840 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity5 were positive for @entity5840 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity5 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity1 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity6472 and @entity5840 antigens in @entity213 , whereas @entity16051 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity1 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity6472 and @entity5840 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity957 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity16051 , XXXX , and @entity5840 in head and @entity213 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancers']

answer: @entity6472 :: (4100,Gene) :: ['MAGE-1']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cause of @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is unknown. It may follow @entity1902 and be associated with an abnormal gut flora and with food intolerance. Our study was designed to assess whether these factors were associated with @entity694 . METHODS: We carried out a crossover controlled trial of a standard diet and an exclusion diet matched for macronutrients in six female @entity1744 @entity1 and six female controls. During the final 72 h on each diet, faecal excretion of fat, @entity1568 , starch, and non-starch polysaccharide NSP was measured, and total excretion of @entity3884 and @entity577 collected over 24 h in a purpose-built 1.4 m3 whole-body calorimeter. Breath @entity3884 and @entity577 excretion were then measured for 3 h after 20 g oral @entity11884 . FINDINGS: The maximum rate of gas excretion was significantly greater in @entity1 than in controls (2.4 mL/min IQR 1.7-2.6 vs 0.6, 0.4-1.1). Although total gas production in @entity1 was not greater than in controls (median 527 mL/24 h IQR 387-660 vs 412, 234-507), @entity3884 production was higher (332, 318-478 vs 162, 126-217, p=0.009). In @entity1 , the exclusion diet reduced symptoms and produced a fall in maximum gas excretion (0.5 mL/min IQR 0.3-0.7). After @entity11884 , breath @entity3884 was greater on the standard than on the exclusion diet. INTERPRETATION: @entity694 , particularly of @entity3884 , is greater in @entity1 with @entity1744 than in controls, and both symptoms and gas production are reduced by an exclusion diet. This reduction may be associated with alterations in the activity of @entity3884 -consuming bacteria. Fermentation may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of @entity1744 .

title: Abnormal @entity694 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity11884 :: ('MESH:D007792', 'Chemical') :: ['lactulose']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity577 :: ('MESH:D008697', 'Chemical') :: ['methane']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic malfermentation', 'Colonic-gas production']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome', 'IBS']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether or not @entity1 race and ethnicity affect sinonasal @entity5 survival. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective database analysis. SETTING: National @entity5 Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database, 1988-2010. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity189 cases were extracted according to site codes and histology recode-broad groupings. The cohort was used to calculate disease-specific survival in regard to race and ethnicity. Extracted data were further analyzed through direct comparisons and multivariable Cox regression models controlling for @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment characteristics. RESULTS: Unadjusted survival curves for all @entity189 showed poorer disease-specific survival for black versus white @entity1 (P = .02), which was eliminated after controlling for @entity5 characteristics (hazard ratio: 1.02, P = .86). Specifically for @entity957 , significantly poorer disease-specific survival was found for both black (P = .01) and Hispanic (P = .01) @entity1 as compared with white @entity1 . Similarly, when controlling for @entity5 characteristics, the disease-specific survival disparity was eliminated for black (hazard ratio: 0.93, P = .59) and Hispanic @entity1 (hazard ratio: 1.01, P = .94). CONCLUSION: Black race is a risk factor for poorer disease-specific survival when all sinonasal histologic subtypes are examined together. Specifically for @entity957 , both black race and Hispanic ethnicity are risk factors for poorer disease-specific survival. When @entity5 characteristics are controlled for in this cohort, the survival disparity is eliminated, demonstrating that the disparity can be accounted for exclusively by more advanced disease at presentation, opposed to the more complex effect seen in other subsites of the head and neck.

title: XXXX : Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Survival-A Review of 4714 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal carcinomas', 'Sinonasal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Sinonasal Carcinoma']


abstract: Here we report the successful treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) with @entity1749 . @entity1749 rescue treatment was administered after a 42-year-old @entity1 failed to respond to @entity479 pulse and plasmapheresis with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The @entity1 underwent a second renal transplantation with a deceased donor kidney. She was treated pre-operatively with rituximab (200   mg/body) and underwent plasmapheresis twice (day-1 and operation day) because ELISA screening revealed that her pre-operative peak panel reactive antibody (PRA) composition was 100% class I and 100% class II and 15 times of cross-match positive history during the waiting period for transplantation. The @entity1 received induction therapy with Simulect (an @entity1199 -blocking agent). A 1-hour protocol biopsy revealed C4d-positivity and mild @entity32 . This was suggestive of early AMR-associated changes. After transplantation, the @entity1 underwent plasmaphereses (nine times) with low-dose IVIG (2   mg/kg). Despite this treatment regimen, serum @entity1011 levels increased to 3.4   mg/dL on post-transplant day 15. A second graft biopsy was performed, which showed overt AMR with glomerulitis, @entity32 and no C4d deposition. On post-operative day (POD) 22, treatment with four doses of @entity1749 (1.3   mg/m(2) ) was initiated with the @entity1 's consent. On POD 55, renal function had recovered and serum @entity1011 was 1.5   mg/dL. In summary, @entity1749 was administered as a rescue treatment for a @entity1 who developed AMR that was refractory to a combination of plasmaphereses with low-dose IVIG and preemptive administration of rituximab.

title: Treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection using XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['peritubular capillary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1749 :: ('MESH:C400082', 'Chemical') :: ['bortezomib', 'Bortezomib']

answer: @entity1749 :: (MESH:C400082,Chemical) :: ['bortezomib']


abstract: 1. In @entity468 , a venous long-circuit technique was used to measure the blood flows in the superior vena cava and the hepatic, renal and iliac segments of the inferior vena cava. The sum of these flows gave the venous return (minus coronary and bronchial flows). In further experiments using an electromagnetic flowmeter, flow in the portal vein and in the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries was measured.2. Approximately two-thirds of the hepatic blood flow is derived from the portal vein.3. After block of conduction in the cervical region of the spinal cord, the proportions of the venous return coming from each region during the control periods were not significantly altered although the arterial pressure and total venous return were decreased.4. Intravenous infusions of @entity1425 caused an increase in venous return which was associated with a marked @entity101 . The @entity101 was due to an increase in flow in the superior mesenteric artery and portal vein. Flow in the coeliac artery remained unchanged. This response was unaffected by block of the cervical region of the spinal cord and by @entity3897 or @entity30049 .5. Intravenous infusions of @entity1063 caused little change in venous return or regional blood flows. Small increases in superior mesenteric artery flow were occasionally seen and on cessation of the infusion a large but brief increase occurred. These facts suggest that @entity1063 has a similar action to @entity1425 but this is masked by concomitant vasoconstriction.

title: The effects of @entity1425 and XXXX on venous return and regional blood flows in the anaesthetized cat with special reference to intestinal blood flow.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increase in hepatic blood flow']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity30049 :: ('MESH:D010425', 'Chemical') :: ['pentolinium']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['noradrenaline']


abstract: The idiotypic patterns detected in the anti- @entity1680 typhi serum of one given @entity548 have been sought in other bleedings of the same @entity95 . Idiotypic patterns carried by antibodies of the second @entity548 are not always found in those of the first @entity548 . Bifurcated precipitation zones in gels (double diffusion in cells) have been observed in the reaction of several anti-idiotypic sera with the sera of the first and second bleedings of three @entity95 , and apparently indicate that idiotypic patterns which were carried by the same molecule in the first @entity548 were carried by two separate molecules in the second @entity548 . In a comparison of idiotypy of two anti-S. typhi serum samples of one @entity95 , the collection of which had been separated by a very long interruption of the immunization, all the idiotypes detected in the @entity548 were also detected in the late @entity548 ; several idiotypes were detected in the serum of the late @entity548 and not in that of the @entity548 . Idiotypy has been observed and compared in IgM and in IgG antibodies. There are, in each of these two classes, antibodies that are not distinguished from antibodies of the other class by anti-idiotypic sera, and consequently that carry the same idiotypic patterns. A comparison has been made between the idiotypy of the two kinds of antibodies which, in anti-S. typhi sera, are precipitated and not precipitated by the polysaccharide. Certain idiotypic patterns are carried only by the antibodies of the first kind. There are also idiotypic patterns which are carried by antibodies of these two kinds, among which certain anti-idiotypic antibodies do not discriminate. Possible cellular implications of observations made on idiotypy at different stages of the immunization of one individual have been discussed.

title: Idiotypy of rabbit antibodies. II. Comparison of idiotypy of various kinds of antibodies formed in the same @entity95 against XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'early bleeding']

answer: @entity1680 :: (90370,Species) :: ['Salmonella typhi']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) is a common @entity154 , but TGDC @entity189 is rare. @entity189 management is controversial, especially that of the orthotopic thyroid gland. We aim to provide an insight into the pathologic basis of this management controversy through the review of 28 @entity5 cases, thus far the largest such series to our knowledge. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective. METHODS: Twenty-eight cases recorded as @entity5 in the hospital database were reviewed; their initial clinical diagnosis from medical chart review (DX1) and final pathological review diagnosis (DX2) through pathology slides review by our pathologist (blinded to DX1) were compared. The thyroid gland management and pathology were evaluated. RESULTS: In the 28 TGDC @entity189 (hospital-recorded diagnosis) @entity1 , DX1 and DX2 were respectively reported as 53% and 14% TGDC @entity189 , 11% and 29% as @entity1315 primary, and 4% and 25% as metastatic Delphian node. Thirty-two percent of cases were in the indeterminate category, in both DX1 and DX2, but included different @entity1 . Thyroidectomy was performed in 54% of the cases, @entity3557 ( @entity3557 ) was reported in 37% of these thyroid glands. Concurrent @entity1374 was reported in all Delphian node and @entity3557 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity5 comprises a heterogeneous group that includes true @entity5 , @entity1315 primary, Delphian node metastasis, and indeterminate cases. We propose a new terminology of upper neck @entity3557 (UPTC) to denote this heterogeneous group and recommend a rational algorithm for management. Correct pathologic subcategory and thyroid ultrasonography are essential for optimal management of thyroid gland in UPTC cases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Upper neck XXXX (UPTC): A new proposed term for the composite of thyroglossal duct cyst-associated @entity3557 , @entity3557 , and Delphian node @entity3557 metastasis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomaly']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal lobe PTC', 'papillary thyroid carcinoma', 'PTC', 'papillary thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['TGDC cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma', 'Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['pyramidal lobe']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid gland malignancy']

answer: @entity3557 :: (MESH:C536915,Disease) :: ['papillary thyroid cancer']


abstract: The term smooth uterine muscle of uncertain malignant potential (STUMPs) indicates a group of uterine smooth @entity11090 (SMTs) that cannot be diagnosed unequivocally as benign or malignant. Diagnosis, surgical management, and follow-up of this @entity5 remain controversial, especially in pre-menopausal @entity1 with fertility desire, due to the @entity146 and prolonged survival rate when compared to @entity1822 . However, recurrence is estimated between 8.7% and 11% and may include delayed-recurrences. We reported five cases of uterine masses treated by surgical procedure diagnosed as STUMP on final pathology. Four @entity1 underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with or without salpingo-oophorectomy. One @entity1 underwent excision of uterine mass and subsequent total abdominal hysterectomy plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy after the diagnosis of STUMP. All @entity1 in our study remained recurrence-free to date (with a follow up period ranging from 6 to 81 months). Based on our experience and in consideration of the lack of consensus regarding the malignant potential, diagnostic criteria, gold-standard treatment and follow-up, we believe that close multidisciplinary management is mandatory in the event of STUMP. We suggest that gynaecologist, dedicated pathologist (with high level of expertize in gynaecological pathology) and oncologist should work as a team in the counselling and management of this @entity5 from detection till completion of follow up. Furthermore, we recommend immunohistochemistry to investigate the overexpression of @entity986 and @entity876 in order to identify the cohort of @entity1 at increased risk of recurrence who may benefit from more aggressive surgical-oncological strategies.

title: Uterine smooth XXXX of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP): pathology, follow-up and recurrence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['non aggressive behaviour']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity11090 :: ('MESH:D019042', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumors']

answer: @entity11090 :: (MESH:D019042,Disease) :: ['muscle tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Oral anticoagulation is highly effective for @entity64 prevention in high-risk- @entity1 with @entity955 . AF is also a risk for @entity303 , and effective OAC reduces the risk of @entity303 . Up to 30% of @entity1 with @entity955 have a @entity453 and antiplatelets are used to avoid @entity715 complications]. @entity1 with @entity955 oft have an @entity1187 und undergo a percutaneous intervention with stent-implantation. These @entity1 require a triple therapy, i.e. the combination of oral anticoagulation with dual-anti-platelet therapy. It is obvious that OAC may induce @entity548 with potentially deleterious effects on mortality. Even the occurrence of minor @entity548 is problematic. The review describes available data on used antithromboembolic regimens in @entity1 treated with oral anticoagulation ( @entity2067 antagonists and non- @entity2067 antagonists) who need a triple therapy (i.e. anticoagulation and antiplatelets). Most data are from @entity1 who were treated for an @entity1187 and cannot be directly extrapolated for @entity1 with @entity955 . The impact of used stents and novel @entity3075 antagonist-antiplatelets and duration of triple therapy is discussed. Often some high-risk @entity1 with @entity955 would need anticoagulation but cannot be given this therapy because of excessive @entity548 risks or contraindicating comorbidities: in these @entity1 left atrial appendage closure with an occluding device can be used as an alternative to antithromboembolic therapy- The unavoidable antithromboembolic triple therapy carries a strong potential for @entity548 events, which increase mortality. We have many data and several recommendations are offered. . Nonetheless, we lack solid data on the best antithromboembolic regimen in @entity1 with @entity955 who need anticoagulation and antiplatelets.

title: Antithromboembolic strategies in XXXX : A review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: @entity13592 is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. We report on eight @entity1 in whom the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence. The @entity1 ' age averaged 69 years; seven were female and one male. Initial symptoms were @entity2681 of the oral mucous membranes in four @entity1 , @entity272 in three @entity1 , and in one @entity1 an ocular involvement was the first manifestation of the disease. Indirect immunofluorescence on @entity1219 -split @entity1 skin revealed circulating IgG antibodies binding to the roof of the artificial blister in three @entity1 . Immunoblotting of epidermal and dermal extracts disclosed binding of IgG antibodies of one of these @entity1 to an epidermal 230-kD protein, whereas IgA-antibodies showed no specific binding. In four of five @entity1 with a strong ocular involvement IgA deposits were found by direct immunofluorescence. These studies were done on biopsies of perilesional skin or oral mucous membranes, and they were positive in one @entity1 even before the first @entity3217 appeared. Therefore, finding of IgA deposits by direct immunofluorescence may be taken as a prognostic criterion allowing selection of the proper treatment. We treated six @entity1 with a @entity619 - @entity786 pulse therapy, while two @entity1 received dapsone orally. The involvement of skin and oral mucous membrane responded well to both regimens, whereas the @entity3217 were progressive, except in one @entity1 . On the basis of our eight cases, we discuss both options and limitations in the treatment of cicatricial pemphigoid and review new aspects of the pathogenesis of this disease.

title: [ XXXX --a therapeutic problem].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3217 :: ('MESH:D015821', 'Disease') :: ['ocular lesions']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin blisters']

entities_list: @entity13592 :: ('MESH:D010390', 'Disease') :: ['Cicatricial pemphigoid']

answer: @entity13592 :: (MESH:D010390,Disease) :: ['Cicatricial pemphigoid']


abstract: To identify radiographic and MR features of @entity570 ( @entity571 ) related to reduced hip extension during walking. Sixty six subjects, were stratified into those with (n   =   36, KL   =   2, 3) and without (n   =   30, KL   =   0, 1) radiographic @entity570 . Cartilage and labrum lesions were graded semi-quantitatively on hip MRI. Alpha angle and lateral center edge (LCE) angle were measured. Sagittal kinematics and kinetics were calculated during walking at speed of 1.35   m/s using 3-D motion capture. All subjects completed @entity717 and @entity571 Outcome Score (HOOS), timed up and go, and 6   min walk tests. Variables were compared between the two groups using one-way ANOVA (adjusting for age). Correlations of radiographic and MR parameters with peak hip extension were calculated. The @entity571 group was older, had greater @entity158 , and limitation of function. They also had lower peak hip extension and higher peak hip flexion; and worse acetabular and femoral cartilage lesions. Peak hip extension and flexion correlated with KL grade, cartilage lesions in the inferior and posterior femur. Reduced hip extension and greater hip flexion during walking are present in high functioning (HOOS   >   85%) individuals with mild-moderate @entity570 , and are associated with cartilage lesions.

title: Anatomic correlates of reduced hip extension during walking in individuals with mild-moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Hip disability']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity570 :: ('MESH:D015207', 'Disease') :: ['hip osteoarthritis', 'hip OA']

answer: @entity570 :: (MESH:D015207,Disease) :: ['radiographic hip osteoarthritis']


abstract: 1. A @entity2359 protein similar to erabutoxins a and b of Laticauda semifasciata was isolated in crystalline form from the venoms of Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina. The name ;laticotoxin a' is proposed. 2. Laticotoxin a is homogeneous by CM-cellulose column chromatography, disc electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation and by terminal @entity535 analyses. 3. Laticotoxin a consists of 62 @entity535 residues. The molecular weight by ultracentrifuging is 6520. 4. The minimal 50% lethal dose of laticotoxin a by intramuscular injection to @entity19 is 0.13mug./g. body wt. The toxin attacks the postsynaptic membrane, competing with @entity934 . 5. Radioactive @entity1522 are incorporated into laticotoxin a in vivo. The incorporation is inhibited by @entity5808 , suggesting that the biosynthesis of the toxin follows the mechanism of protein biosynthesis, although the toxin molecule is rather small as a protein.

title: Properties and biosynthesis of a XXXX protein of the venoms of s snakes Laticauda laticaudata and Laticauda colubrina.

entities_list: @entity5808 :: ('MESH:D011691', 'Chemical') :: ['puromycin']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxic']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity2359 :: (MESH:D020258,Disease) :: ['neurotoxic']


abstract: AIM: This study aims to explore carer perceptions of training in out-of-hospital use of buccal @entity1363 for emergency management of @entity410 . METHODS: A random sample of 100 families (from n = 198) who underwent training at the Sydney @entity1 's Hospitals Network, Randwick campus (2008-2012) were invited to participate in a telephone questionnaire. RESULTS: Sixty-three carers participated. Thirty-three @entity1 were female, median age at training was 4 years and @entity410 onset 2.75 years. @entity410 were generalised in 26 @entity1 and focal in 37. Common reasons for prescription included history of prolonged @entity410 (38%), recent diagnosis of @entity302 (33%) and overseas travel (11%). Ninety-eight per cent of carers reported that training instructions were clear, and 94% reported the risks of using @entity1245 were satisfactorily explained. Ninety per cent felt confident to administer the drug following training and 62% completed first aid training as recommended. Suggestions for improvement included follow-up/review and additional demonstration/practice. Twenty-one carers (33%) reported giving buccal @entity1363 a median five times, 67% reported it was effective in terminating the @entity410 and 71% called an ambulance as instructed. Problems reported in administration included excessive secretions and difficulties drawing up the solution. One @entity1 experienced breathing difficulties requiring @entity26 by the paramedics. Four @entity1 were admitted to @entity1 's intensive care unit with @entity159 requiring intubation. CONCLUSIONS: Training for out-of-hospital use of buccal @entity1363 was considered valuable by carers. Only a third of the sample subsequently used @entity1363 . Half of these carers reported problems in administration and one reported respiratory difficulty. These results highlight the importance of drug safety and efficacious training programmes.

title: Exploring carer perceptions of training in out-of-hospital use of buccal @entity1363 for emergency management of XXXX (2008-2012).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizures', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizures']


abstract: @entity1481 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity2904 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5649 is a serious complication of @entity63 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) on development of @entity5649 in experimental low-flow @entity63 . @entity2904 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity35 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity35 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity63 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5649 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity2904 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity63 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity2904 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity2904 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity2904 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity1 , reduced @entity5649 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity5649 in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic contracture', 'ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimetazidine', 'trimetazidine']

answer: @entity1481 :: (MESH:D014292,Chemical) :: ['trimetazidine']


abstract: The causes of @entity417 and immunosuppression, major outcomes of @entity311 , are not well established. This study was undertaken to investigate whether @entity14190 ( @entity14190 ) production is adequate and whether the hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S) were affected during the course of @entity281 . Groups of female Balb/c @entity19 infected with @entity21552 vinckei vinckei, @entity2637 , or @entity21552 adami were exposed to five hours of simulated altitude equivalent to 22,000 ft. Plasma samples were collected for @entity14190 bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Using radioiron incorporation as an index of erythropoiesis, differences in response to @entity281 with different species of plasmodia were observed. In general, decreases in erythropoietic activity were observed in bone marrow and spleen as the @entity281 progressed and continued to be @entity308 after apparent resolution of a nonlethal @entity281 with @entity21552 adami. Marrow from infected and control femurs were tested for CFU-S content using the spleen colony assay. The cellularity and CFU-S content of the femoral marrow decrease as the @entity5895 increases. All three species of plasmodia stimulate @entity14190 production during peak @entity5895 , indicating that adequate amounts of @entity14190 are available to the erythron during @entity281 . Depletion of CFU-S and probable lack of compensatory turnover of CFU-S may contribute to the disease characteristics of @entity311 .

title: XXXX @entity311 decreases hemopoietic stem cells.

entities_list: @entity21552 :: ('5825', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium', 'Plasmodium chabaudi', 'P. chabaudi']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'malarial infection']

entities_list: @entity5895 :: ('MESH:D018512', 'Disease') :: ['parasitemia', 'parasitemias']

entities_list: @entity2637 :: ('5821', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium berghei']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute nonocclusive @entity5327 (NOMI) is a rare but often fatal event after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with ongoing @entity2616 after cardiac surgery despite maximal laxative treatment underwent selective mesenteric angiography. In cases of pathological radiographic findings, @entity3302 was continuously administered via an intraarterial perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Severe NOMI was confirmed in seven @entity1 (mean lactate: 6.9 +/- 8.3 mg/dL), mild to moderate findings in another seven (mean lactate: 1.4 +/- 1.1 mg/dL). One @entity1 had @entity1031 occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery; five @entity1 demonstrated normal imaging findings. In nine of fourteen @entity1 (64%) treated with @entity3302 , symptoms improved within hours (defecation occurred after 4-29 hours, mean 13 +/- 8.1 hours). No side effects or complications occurred in connection with the @entity3302 treatment. The clinical condition of five @entity1 deteriorated. Four @entity1 underwent laparotomy with creation of an ileostomy or colostomy, two of whom presented with severe @entity63 and later died. One @entity1 died prior to laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Selective mesenteric angiography with continuous @entity3302 administration is a simple, fast, and effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool to reduce the need for laparotomy for symptoms of @entity2616 after open-heart surgery.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of nonocclusive XXXX after open heart surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

answer: @entity5327 :: (MESH:D065666,Disease) :: ['mesenteric ischemia']


abstract: Studies on free radical generation during cardiopulmonary bypass have focused mainly on the heart and the lungs. However, low pumping pressure, nonpulsatile perfusion, and @entity2332 affect the entire circulation, resulting in decreased splanchnic blood flow, increased intestinal permeability, and @entity5694 . To evaluate regional phenomena, we studied 16 @entity1 undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Free radical production, granulocyte activation, and @entity3625 metabolism were assessed separately in the circulations drained by the inferior and superior venae cavae, as well as in the oxygenator. Three minutes after the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass, significant gradients between the inferior vena cava and the arterial line of the oxygenator existed in @entity1234 (+0.60 +/- 0.12 mumol/L, lactoferrin (+18.21 +/- 7.65 micrograms/L), @entity3335 (+53.75 +/- 16.50 micrograms/L), @entity3625 (-0.62 +/- 0.15 mumol/L), and urate (+8.87 +/- 4.03 mumol/L). These gradients decreased in parallel with decreasing body temperature. Except for a transient gradient in @entity1234 at 3 minutes after the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (+0.23 +/- 0.08 mumol/L), no changes were detected between the superior vena cava and the arterial line. In the oxygenator, granulocyte activation was observed only after aortic declamping. We conclude that during cardiopulmonary bypass, significant free radical generation, granulocyte activation, @entity3625 elimination, and urate production take place in the region drained by the inferior vena cava. In the oxygenator, granulocyte activation occurs only after aortic declamping.

title: Regional generation of free oxygen radicals during cardiopulmonary bypass in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5694 :: ('MESH:D019446', 'Disease') :: ['endotoxemia']

entities_list: @entity3335 :: ('4353', 'Gene') :: ['myeloperoxidase']

entities_list: @entity3625 :: ('MESH:D019271', 'Chemical') :: ['hypoxanthine']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: The effect of leukocyte depletion on @entity647 produced by intravenous or intratracheal @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ) administration was studied in isolated perfused @entity35 lungs. Vascular endothelial permeability was assessed by use of the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c). A predicted pulmonary capillary pressure (Ppc,p) was calculated from measurements of postcapillary resistances. These parameters were measured before and 90 min after the administration of @entity4515 , either intratracheally or intravascularly. When blood elements were present both intratracheal and intravascular @entity4515 caused an increased Kf,c [0.27 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.22 and 0.25 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.64 +/- 0.15 (SE) ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1, respectively; P less than 0.05] and an increased Ppc,p (8.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 74.7 +/- 18.3 and 8.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 74.2 +/- 25.1 cm @entity2507 , respectively; P less than 0.05). Removal of circulating leukocytes abolished the increased Kf,c when @entity4515 was given intratracheally (0.35 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1) or intravascularly (0.39 +/- 0.07 vs. 0.33 +/- 0.07 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1). In the absence of neutrophils, Ppc,p slightly increased with intratracheal @entity4515 , from 6.9 +/- 0.5 to 10.5 +/- 1.1 cm @entity2507 (P less than 0.05), but was unchanged at 90 min with intravascular @entity4515 . Depletion of circulating neutrophils with an antineutrophil serum failed to block the Kf,c change with intratracheal @entity4515 (from 0.24 +/- 0.03 to 0.42 +/- 0.09 ml.min-1.cmH2O-1.100 g-1; P less than 0.05). Ppc,p also increased from 6.9 +/- 0.6 to 19.8 +/- 6.7 cm @entity2507 (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity4514 -induced injury of isolated perfused XXXX lungs: neutrophil dependence.

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To determine whether spontaneous release of transmitter from the growth cones of neurons exhibits properties similar to the spontaneous release which occurs from the neurons at the neuromuscular junction, release of transmitter from the growth cones of @entity1238 neurons in culture was monitored in salines containing varying @entity460 and @entity1760 concentrations. Release was monitored by use of an outside-out piece of muscle membrane attached to a patch clamp electrode. Spontaneous release of transmitter from the growth cones in standard saline (2 mM @entity3282 , 1 mM @entity8723 ) produces clusters of single-channel openings in the muscle membrane. Clusters are seen to consist of two types: a series of high-frequency channel openings, called "bursts," and clusters of low-frequency channel openings called "singles." The bursts were identified and examined for their possible relationship to MEPP-producing release, and the singles were identified and examined for their possible relationship to "leak" release of the neuromuscular junction. When the external saline contains high @entity460 (10 mM @entity3282 , 1 mM @entity8723 ) or high @entity1760 (2 mM @entity3282 , 9 mM @entity8723 ), the frequencies of both "bursts" and "singles" was greatly reduced. This reduction in release persists if the neurons are grown in the high- @entity460 or high- @entity1760 solutions. When the saline is a low- @entity460 solution (0 mM @entity3282 , 3 mM @entity8723 ) the growth cones release transmitter at rates similar to those from standard saline. These results indicate that although the spontaneous release from the growth cone shares one characteristic with the leak release, neither the burst nor the singles release from the growth cones share exact relationship with either the MEPP producing release or the leak release. This suggests that further development of the mechanisms for spontaneous release of neurotransmitter occurs after nerve-muscle contact.

title: Spontaneous release of transmitter from the growth cones of XXXX neurons in vitro: the influence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1238 :: (8355,Species) :: ['Xenopus']


abstract: AIMS: Postural @entity591 (POTS) is associated with @entity591 on orthostasis. @entity1 frequently report palpitations, @entity1163 , and @entity1295 . Conventional therapy is effective in less than 60%. Case reports suggest @entity15726 (a selective sinus node blocker, with no effect on blood pressure) may alleviate POTS-related symptoms. This is a retrospective case-series. METHODS AND RESULTS: Postural @entity591 @entity1 prescribed @entity15726 were identified from the pharmacy database. Case notes were reviewed and @entity1 completed a symptom assessment tool. Twenty-two @entity1 were identified. Data were available from 20. Eight @entity1 reported reduced @entity591 and @entity1295 and four reported only reduced @entity591 . The most common reason for discontinuing @entity15726 was lack of efficacy (n = 6). Five @entity1 reported side-effects resulting in two discontinuing treatment. CONCLUSION: This retrospective case series indicates that 60% of @entity1 treated with @entity15726 report a symptomatic improvement. A randomized controlled trial accessing the efficacy of @entity15726 in POTS is indicated, particularly in @entity1 resistant to, or intolerant of, conventional therapy.

title: Single centre experience of @entity15726 in postural XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['presyncope']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia', 'orthostatic tachycardia syndrome']

entities_list: @entity15726 :: ('MESH:C088408', 'Chemical') :: ['ivabradine']

answer: @entity591 :: (MESH:D013610,Disease) :: ['orthostatic tachycardia syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An adjunctive pharmacological strategy to thrombolytic therapy that is tailored to limit reperfusion injury after thrombolysis could further maximize the unquestioned benefit of restoring flow to @entity63 . @entity63 -reperfusion injury exhibits features characteristic of an acute inflammatory response, including the rapid activation and infiltration of neutrophils. The initial process of neutrophil migration from the circulation to injured tissue is modulated by a group of adhesion molecules called selectins. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a selectin blocker ( @entity73259 ) given as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy to interfere with the inflammatory response after @entity63 -reperfusion and subsequently reduce @entity583 size in the electrolytic @entity235 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: A fully occlusive thrombus was formed in the left circumflex coronary artery by electrolytic injury in 20 anesthetized open-chest @entity235 . After occlusion, an infusion of 1 mg/kg recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) was administered over 20 minutes with either a bolus of placebo or the selectin blocker @entity73259 (40 mg/kg). At the onset of reperfusion, 20 micrograms/kg per minute rTPA was administered for 1 hour to prevent reocclusion. After 1 hour of reperfusion, @entity1188 size, myocardial @entity20402 activity, and reperfusion @entity943 were measured. In @entity73259 -treated @entity235 , there was a significant 69% reduction in @entity1188 size when expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (6.7 +/- 8.4% versus 21.8 +/- 13.6%; P = .008) and a marked reduction in @entity20402 activity (0.014 +/- 0.009 versus 0.0370 +/- 0.025 U/min per gram; P = .02) compared with the placebo group. There was no difference between the groups in the occurrence of reperfusion @entity943 . CONCLUSIONS: Selectin blockade as an adjunct to rTPA-mediated thrombolysis significantly reduces @entity1188 size and myocardial neutrophil infiltration well beyond thrombolysis alone in the electrolytic @entity235 model. These data suggest that selectin blockade is extremely effective at reducing @entity63 -reperfusion injury and @entity583 size in this model and that the neutrophil is a potent mediator of @entity63 -reperfusion injury.

title: Adjunctive selectin blockade successfully reduces XXXX size beyond thrombolysis in the electrolytic @entity235 coronary artery model.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemic myocardium', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarct']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1188 :: (MESH:D007238,Disease) :: ['infarct']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the @entity227 in primary @entity10064 (PCG) and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study visual fields of consecutive PCG @entity1 were examined using @entity2194 ( @entity2194 ) or Goldmann visual field (GVF). All @entity1 had maintained an intraocular pressure (IOP)  <=14 mm Hg on standard care. Mean deviation, pattern standard deviation (PSD), foveal threshold in @entity2194 (degrees) in 24 meridians for targets V4e, I4e, I2e in GVF were recorded and evaluated with respect to baseline IOP and age at detection. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney test. Qualitative analysis of GVF and reliable fields in @entity2194 was performed. RESULTS: A total of 100 eyes of 77 @entity1 were included: 56 eyes of 47 @entity1 were in the @entity2194 group; 44 eyes of 30 @entity1 , in the GVF group. On @entity2194 , mean deviation detected at  <=1 month of age was significantly lower than eyes detected after 1 year (P < 0.001). On GVF, the global visual field extent for target I4e and I2e was significantly lower for PCG detected at  <=1 month of age compared to those seen at >1 year (I4e, P < 0.001; I2e, P = 0.005). Mean deviation, PSD, and foveal threshold were significantly lower in PCG with baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg than with IOP of 20-25 mm Hg (mean deviation, P < 0.001; PSD, P = 0.002; foveal threshold, P = 0.002). Extent for targets V4e and I4e on GVF were significantly lower in @entity1 with baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg compared to those with baseline IOP of 20-25 mm Hg (V4e, P = 0.002; I4e, P = 0.003). @entity154 were found in 36 eyes (41%), most ommon being arcuate scotoma (19 eyes [22%]). CONCLUSIONS: PCG detected at age  <=1 month and those having a baseline IOP of >30 mm Hg show greater visual field loss.

title: XXXX in primary @entity10064 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Definitive glaucomatous defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['HFA', 'HFA, and global visual field extent', 'Humphery Field Analyzer']

entities_list: @entity10064 :: ('MESH:C565547', 'Disease') :: ['congenital glaucoma']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['Visual field loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Timely initiation and titration of basal @entity2690 added on to oral anti- @entity6 drugs contribute to better glycemic control. However, implementation of basal-supported oral therapy in China is not yet clear. This nationwide, prospective, 12-week observational study was designed to explore the current status of basal-supported oral therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 in China. METHODS: Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with inadequate glycemic control on anti- @entity6 drugs who were to start basal-supported oral therapy with @entity2690 glargine at outpatient clinics were enrolled from 134 hospitals in China. Both the decision to initiate basal @entity2690 and @entity2690 dose adjustment were at the physician's discretion. Fasting plasma @entity413 (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c were measured, and the starting dose of @entity2690 were recorded at baseline. Self-monitored fasting capillary blood @entity413 and the adjusting dose of @entity2690 were collected during the study. RESULTS: A total of 11  192 out of 13  259 enrolled @entity1 finished the 12-week study. FPG and haemoglobin A1c at basal-supported oral therapy initiation were 11.2  mmol/L and 9.4%, respectively, with @entity2690 glargine started at 0.190  IU/kg/day. @entity2690 dose was increased 1.8  IU in average within 12 weeks. Fifty-nine percent of the @entity1 achieved fasting capillary blood @entity413  <= 7.0  mmol/L. More @entity1 achieved the @entity413 target in the group with lower baseline FPG level. Notable geographical differences of physicians' treatment habits in the current management of basal-supported oral therapy were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: A great gap between everyday clinical practice and guidelines exists in China, reflected by the delayed initiation, slow dose titration and geographical differences of basal-supported oral therapy management. A concrete guideline of basal-supported oral therapy management is needed in the clinical application. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Status of basal-supported oral therapy in Chinese @entity164 2 @entity6 XXXX with inadequate glycemic control on oral anti- @entity6 drugs.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the feasibility and value of high-resolution ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in evaluation of @entity603 in @entity95 knee joint in @entity625 ( @entity625 ). Thirty-six @entity95 were divided into three groups, each injected with different doses of ovalbumin (OVA) into the right knee joint. On week 1 and 4, 6 randomly selected in each group were killed. Each knee joint undergone the high-resolution ultrasound to measure capsule thickness and contrast-enhanced ultrasound to measure synovium thickness. The results from the ultrasound examinations were compared with those of pathologic examinations. Different OVA doses resulted in different modeling success rate, different pathological @entity603 score, and different capsule and synovium thickness measured by ultrasound. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity603 by ultrasound was high. The ultrasound measurement revealed that the capsule thickness on week 4 was lessened than that on week 1, while the synovial thickness on week 4 was greater than that on week 1. Both the joint capsule and synovium thickness measured by ultrasound were significantly and positively correlated to the pathologic @entity603 score (P  <  0.05). The synovial thickness on week 4 is more correlated to the @entity603 score than the capsule thickness, rather than that on week 1. Injection of OVA of different doses results in different modeling success rate and @entity603 severity. The high-resolution ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound can be used to determine whether the @entity625 was made successfully and evaluate the @entity603 severity. In chronic inflammatory phase, the contrast-enhanced ultrasound has better effect.

title: Antigen-induced XXXX in @entity95 : a comparative study between high-resolution ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['antigen-induced arthritis', 'AIA']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['synovitis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity8205 (CMNs) has become controversial as better data on complications have been published. OBJECTIVES: To determine the longer-term risks and benefits of surgery in treatment of CMNs. METHODS: In this 19-year prospective study, 301 families completed yearly questionnaires about treatments and CMN changes. Forty per cent of CMNs were > 20 cm projected adult size (PAS) or multiple CMNs. RESULTS: @entity1 were more likely to have had surgical treatments. There were no significant effects of treatment on the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, although the numbers for @entity320 were small. The majority of untreated CMNs lightened spontaneously during the follow-up period. Surgical treatment and satellites at birth were independently significantly associated with reported darkening of the CMN over the follow-up period. However there was no absolute measurement of final colour. Surgical treatment was associated with decreasing @entity20536 of the CMN over the follow-up period. PAS was associated with increasing @entity20536 . Excision with tissue expanders and PAS were significantly associated with an increased incidence of new satellite lesions. A proportion of @entity1 reported new pigmentation in previously unaffected skin at the edge of a treated area, the majority after complete excision. There was a high level of satisfaction with surgery in the < 20 cm group and in those with facial CMNs. This was significantly reduced with increasing PAS. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence here that surgery reduces the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in childhood. The natural history of the majority of untreated CMNs is to lighten spontaneously, whereas some treatments may cause adverse effects.

title: Great Ormond Street Hospital for @entity1 Registry for XXXX : prospective study 1988-2007. Part 2--Evaluation of treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['congenital melanocytic naevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity8205 :: (MESH:D009508,Disease) :: ['Congenital Melanocytic Naevi']


abstract: The best surgical technique for @entity2869 ( @entity2869 ) is still disputed. The objective of this prospective randomized study is to compare the short and long-term results of @entity3517 and Karydakis flap surgeries that have been widely used in recent years. Ninety one @entity1 were included in the study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups: @entity3517 ( @entity3517 ; n = 46) and Karydakis flap (KF; n = 45). Preoperative findings of the @entity1 , their surgical findings, and short and long-term postoperative findings were recorded and statistically compared. While no significant difference was discovered between the groups in terms of postoperative analgesic need, hospital stay, @entity86 rate, drain stay time, painless sitting time, painless toilet-sitting time, and painless walking time, return to work or school time was shorter in the @entity3517 group compared with the KF group (20.61    7.89 days, 23.29    6.42, respectively; P < 0.05). Cosmetically, the visual analog scale (VAS) of the KF group was significantly higher than that of the @entity3517 group (VAS score 7.12    1.28, 5.45    1.77, respectively; P < 0.05). Considering recurrence rates, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups. Our study found out that short and long-term results of the @entity3517 and KF procedures are similar. We believe both methods can be safely used in surgical @entity2869 treatment given that in the @entity3517 procedure, shorter return-to-work time is achieved, while the procedure provides better cosmetic results.

title: Comparison of modified limberg flap and karydakis flap operations in XXXX surgery: prospective randomized study.

entities_list: @entity3517 :: ('MESH:C564098', 'Disease') :: ['MLF', 'modified Limberg flap']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['PSD', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The cost of @entity6 can be defined in both medical and economic terms. Although there is an abundance of literature concerning the medical management of @entity6 , few studies have assessed the financial impact of its treatment. This study examined the savings in prescription costs associated with a weight reduction program for @entity28 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty subjects ages 40-70 years who had body mass indexes of 30-40 kg/m2 and @entity2175 of more than 1 year duration were assigned to one of two 800-kcal weight-loss programs for 12 weeks. A cost analysis was done on the 32 subjects who were taking anti- @entity101 and/or anti- @entity6 medications. A list of medications and monthly amounts was obtained at the start, upon completion, and 1 year following completion of the diet. The average out-of-pocket cost for a month's supply of each prescription was calculated by polling 16 retail pharmacies in Lexington, Kentucky. RESULTS: Subjects lost an average of 15.3 kg (33.7 lb) over the 12 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, subjects maintained a mean 9.0-kg (19.8 lb) @entity353 . The average monthly prediet out-of-pocket cost for anti- @entity101 and anti- @entity6 medications and supplies was  63.30 per subject. Following completion of the diet, this cost per month decreased to  20.40 and at 1-year follow-up the average monthly cost per subject was  32.40. The estimated average savings in prescription costs per subject over the year was  442.80. CONCLUSIONS: Significant short- and long-term savings in prescription costs were obtained following a 12-week hypocaloric weight reduction program for @entity28 individuals with @entity2175 .

title: Medication cost savings associated with XXXX for @entity28 non-insulin-dependent @entity6 @entity1 and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['NIDDM', 'non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using structural equation modeling, this study is one of the first efforts aimed at assessing influential factors causing gender differences in the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and @entity209 . METHODS: A sample of 950 adults, from Tehran Lipid and @entity413 Study were recruited for this cross sectional study in 2005-2007. Health-related quality of life was assessed using the Iranian version of SF-36. @entity209 components (MetSCs) and physical and mental HRQoL were considered as continuous latent constructs explaining the variances of their observed components. Structural equation modeling was performed to examine the association between the constructs of MetSCs and the physical and mental HRQoL within the two gender groups. RESULTS: Based on the primary hypothesis, MetSCs and HRQoL were fitted in a model. The negative effect of MetSCs on HRQoL was found to be significant only in the physical domain and only in @entity1 . The proportion of all the cardio-metabolic risk factors as well as subscales of physical HRQoL that have been explained via the two constructs of MetSCs and HRQoL, respectively, were significantly higher in @entity1 . Physical activity in both @entity1 (b = 3.19, p<0.05) and @entity1 (b = 3.94, p<0.05), age (b = -3.28, p<0.05), education (b = 2.63, p<0.05) only in @entity1 and smoking (b = 2.28, p<0.05) just in @entity1 , directly affected physical HRQoL. Regarding the mental domain, physical activity (b = 3.37, p<0.05) and marital status (b = 3.44, p<0.05) in @entity1 and age (b = 2.01, p<0.05) in @entity1 were direct effective factors. Age and education in @entity1 as well as smoking in @entity1 indirectly affected physical HRQoL via MetSCs. CONCLUSION: Gender differences in the association between MetSCs and physical HRQoL could mostly be attributed to the different structures of both MetSCs and physical HRQoL constructs in @entity1 and @entity1 . Age and smoking are the most important socio-behavioral factors which could affect this gender-specific association in the mental domain.

title: Factors Affecting Gender Differences in the Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and @entity209 Components: Tehran Lipid and XXXX Study.

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['Metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['Glucose']


abstract: The term @entity3147 is a continuum that progresses from only a disequilibrium of intake in relation to needs, to gross structural and functional changes. Furthermore, these changes may be mutually exclusive. How then do we define @entity3147 ? Strictly, @entity3147 starts, as we have shown, when the @entity1 fails to eat enough to meet needs and progresses through a series of functional changes that precede any changes in body composition. These functional changes are related to the duration of reduced intake and its severity. Finally, body wasting occurs, and biochemical indices become abnormal. To base the definition of @entity3147 on any one of these changes is inappropriate. Thus, a @entity1 's nutritional status should be defined by the following criteria: nutrient intake in relation to needs; associated changes in organ function; associated changes in body composition; and associated changes in biochemistry. Only by recognizing the different facets of @entity3147 can we define its various manifestations in relation to our clinical objectives. In attempting to achieve this goal, we have found muscle function tests a most useful and objective investigational tool.

title: Assessment of nutritional status in the oncologic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systematic quantitative methodologies are needed to understand the heterogeneity of cell metabolism across cell types in normal physiology, disease, and treatment. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) can be used to infer steady state fluxes, but it does not apply for transient dynamics. Kinetic flux profiling (KFP) can be used in the context of transient dynamics, and it is the current gold standard. However, KFP requires measurements at several time points, limiting its use in high-throughput applications. RESULTS: Here we propose transient MFA (tMFA) as a cost-effective methodology to quantify metabolic fluxes using metabolomics and isotope tracing. tMFA exploits the time scale separation between the dynamics of different metabolites to obtain mathematical equations relating metabolic fluxes to metabolite concentrations and isotope fractions. We show that the isotope fractions of @entity563 and @entity8959 are at steady state 8 h after addition of a tracer, while those of @entity3042 and @entity2041 are following a transient dynamics with an approximately constant turnover rate per unit of metabolite, supporting the application of tMFA to the analysis of @entity1501 metabolism. Using tMFA, we investigate the heterogeneity of @entity1501 metabolism and the response to the antifolate @entity1499 in @entity0 cells. Our analysis indicates that @entity1499 not only inhibits @entity17262 synthesis but also induces an increase in the @entity8582 / @entity855 ratio, activation of @entity8582 kinase (AMPK), and the inhibition of protein and @entity2041 synthesis. We also find that in some @entity5 cells, the generation of one- @entity505 units from @entity563 exceeds the biosynthetic demand. CONCLUSIONS: This work validates tMFA as a cost-effective methodology to investigate cell metabolism. Using tMFA, we have shown that the effects of treatment with the antifolate @entity1499 extend beyond inhibition of @entity17262 synthesis and propagate to other pathways in central metabolism.

title: Quantification of XXXX metabolism using transient metabolic flux analysis.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1501 :: (MESH:D005492,Chemical) :: ['folate']


abstract: A program of sexual rehabilitation in a @entity5 center evaluated 308 @entity1 and 76 @entity1 , using a structured interview. The site of the @entity5 was pelvic or genital in 79% of @entity1 and 58% of @entity1 . Most @entity1 (73%) had one or two sessions of sexual counseling, but therapy was more intensive for about a quarter of @entity1 . Partners were included in counseling by 28% of @entity1 and 56% of @entity1 . Although @entity5 @entity1 and spouses of @entity1 reported similar rates of @entity250 before @entity5 diagnosis, after @entity5 treatment husbands and wives of @entity1 maintained stable sexual function, while dysfunctions increased dramatically in all categories except @entity2754 for @entity1 . @entity1 who were older or had @entity530 were more likely to develop arousal-phase @entity250 . Psychological distress was correlated with rates of @entity458 and @entity546 in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The success of treatment in reversing @entity250 was rated by the therapist in 118 cases. @entity1 who were younger, who were not clinically depressed, and who had less conflicted marriages had more positive outcomes. Good outcome was also associated with a longer duration of treatment.

title: Sexual rehabilitation in a XXXX center: diagnosis and outcome in 384 consultations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['low sexual desire']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic/genital tumors']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction', 'sexual dysfunctions']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been reported that the @entity460 sensing receptor ( @entity1631 ), a widely expressed G protein-coupled receptor, can stimulate cell differentiation and proliferation. However, in @entity5 , loss of @entity1631 expression has been associated with tumorigenesis, @entity3 , and progression. Recent studies have indicated that the @entity1631 could promote the expression of @entity5962 , which was considered a @entity5 suppressor. However, in @entity1 @entity2220 , the importance of the @entity1631 and @entity5962 has not been sufficiently investigated. METHODS: Expression levels of @entity1631 and @entity5962 in paraffin sections from 117 resected @entity2220 @entity1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. We analyzed the correlation between our target proteins and clinical variables. Clinical significance was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curve, and log-rank test. RESULTS: Expression of the @entity1631 in @entity2220 tissue was significantly lower than in the normal sample (P = 0.003). Kendall tau-b analysis showed that, in a @entity2220 sample, the expression of @entity1631 positively correlated with a high level of @entity5962 (P < 0.001). @entity2220 @entity1 with a strong expression of @entity1631 (P = 0.034) or @entity5962 (P = 0.001) had longer overall survival. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis showed that the combined marker was an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival (hazard ratio = 0.440, confidence interval = 0.249-0.779, P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: We identified the @entity1631 as a new prognostic biomarker in @entity2220 . These results also suggested that the @entity1631 may become a new therapeutic @entity2220 .

title: Expression of XXXX sensing receptor and @entity5962 correlated with @entity2220 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['target of lung adenocarcinoma', 'lung adenocarcinoma', 'Lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fibroblast-like synovial cells (FLS) can be cultured and expanded in vitro in monolayer. Little is known about the growth characteristics of FLS derived from different @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To study FLS cultures, with particular attention to differences in growth rate of FLS from @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and from other arthritic @entity1 . Additionally, to analyse the influence of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) treatment, @entity1 age, and disease duration on FLS growth characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: FLS were isolated from needle arthroscopy biopsy specimens. Twenty four @entity1 (11 @entity309 , 8 @entity5145 , 1 @entity571 , and 4 undifferentiated @entity625 ) were studied. FLS population doubling time was determined between passage 2 and passage 5. Differences in population doubling time between @entity309 and non- @entity309 FLS and between FLS from @entity1 receiving @entity1500 and those not receiving this drug were analysed. In addition, possible correlations between FLS population doubling time and @entity1 age or disease duration were examined. RESULTS: In vitro monolayer FLS cultures from needle arthroscopy biopsy specimens showed linear growth characteristics. Cell growth rate was not correlated with @entity66 . Cells from @entity1 undergoing treatment with @entity1500 showed a longer population doubling time than FLS from @entity1 not receiving this drug (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05). No correlation was found with @entity1 age or disease duration. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that FLS growth in monolayer is not dependent on the disease affecting the joint. @entity1500 treatment, however, was more relevant in determining FLS growth rate.

title: In vitro growth rate of fibroblast-like synovial cells is reduced by XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['type of disease']

entities_list: @entity5145 :: ('MESH:D025242', 'Disease') :: ['spondyloarthropathy']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Solid @entity5 (SPTs) are rare neoplasms of the pancreas. We describe the features of these small @entity5 identified on routine screening sonographic (US) examination and the potential value of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) scanning. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed records from 17 @entity1 who had undergone screening via US examination at Peking University Third Hospital between January 2000 and June 2011. Each of these @entity1 had been confirmed by a pathologist to have an SPT. Six @entity1 had undergone CEUS prior to surgery. We recorded all features on both gray-scale US and CEUS. RESULTS: All @entity1 (4 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; ages 23-35 years; mean age, 27.2 years) were initially screened by US. The largest mass identified was 5.0 cm in diameter (mean diameter, 4.2 cm), and most @entity5 showed homogeneous hypoechogenicity. A hyperechoic rim was detected in four masses. CEUS showed peripheral-rim hyperenhancement in the arterial phase of all six masses. CONCLUSIONS: Routine screening US examinations are capable of identifying small (<5.0 cm) SPTs. These screening examinations allow diagnosis on the basis of typical imaging features, such as a homogeneously hypoechoic mass with a hyperechoic rim. CEUS shows greater detail of the rim and cystic areas in the @entity5 , which significantly improves the proper diagnosis.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2014.

title: Solid XXXX of the pancreas: Findings from routine screening sonographic examination and the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'pseudopapillary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['pseudopapillary tumors']


abstract: The implementation of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is the result of advances in imaging, radiotherapy planning technologies, and computer-controlled linear accelerators. IMRT allows both conformal treatment of @entity5 and conformal avoidance of the surrounding normal structures. The first @entity1 treated with Peacock IMRT at Baylor College of Medicine took place in March 1994. To date, more than 1500 @entity1 have been treated with IMRT; more than 700 @entity1 were treated for @entity263 . Our experience in treating @entity263 with IMRT was reviewed. @entity1 and prostate motions are important issues to address in delivering IMRT. The Vac-Lok bag-and-box system, as well as rectal balloon for immobilization of @entity1 and prostate gland, respectively, are employed. Treatment planning also plays a very important role. IMRT as a boost after conventional external beam radiotherapy is not our treatment strategy. To derive maximal benefits with this new technology, all @entity1 received full course IMRT. Three separate groups of @entity1 receiving (1) primary IMRT, (2) combined radioactive seed implant and IMRT, and (3) post-prostatectomy IMRT were addressed. Overall, @entity137 profiles in these @entity1 were very favorable. IMRT has the potential to improve treatment outcome with dose escalation while minimizing treatment-related @entity137 .

title: Clinical experience with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for XXXX with the use of rectal balloon for prostate immobilization.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']