abstract: Exciton model for description of experimentally determined excitation energy transfer from carotenoids to @entity38 in the LHC-II trimer of @entity2772 is presented. Such an approach allows connecting the excitonic states to the spatial structure of the complex and hence descriptions of advancements of the initially created excitations in space and time. Carotenoids were excited at 490  nm and at 500  nm and induced absorbance changes probed in the Chl Q(y) region to provide kinetic data that were interpreted by using the results from exciton calculations. Calculations included the 42 @entity38 and the 12 carotenoids of the complex, Soret, Q(x) and Q(y) states of the @entity38 , and the main absorbing S(2) state of the carotenoids. According to the calculations excitation at 500  nm populates mostly a mixed Lut S(2) Chl a Soret state, from where excitation is transferred to the Q(x) and Q(y) states of the Chl a's on the stromal side. Internal conversion of the mixed state to a mixed Lut S(1) and Chl a Q(y) state provides a channel for Lut S(1) to Chl a Q(y) energy transfer. The results from the calculations support a picture where excitation at 490  nm populates primarily a mixed @entity51092 S(2) Chl b Soret state. From this state excitation from @entity51092 is transferred to iso-energetic Chl b Soret states or via internal conversion to S(1) Chl b Q(y) states. From the Soret states excitation proceeds via internal conversion to Q(y) states of Chl b's mostly on the lumenal side. A rapid Chl b to Chl a transfer and subsequent transfer to the stromal side Chl a's and to the final state completes the process after 490  nm excitation. The interpretation is further supported by the fact that excitation energy transfer kinetics after excitation of @entity51092 at 490  nm and the Chl b Q(y) band at 647  nm (Linnanto et al., Photosynth Res 87:267-279, 2006) are very similar.

title: Excitation energy transfer in the LHC-II trimer: from carotenoids to XXXX in space and time.

entities_list: @entity38 :: ('MESH:D002734', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophylls']

entities_list: @entity51092 :: ('MESH:C011947', 'Chemical') :: ['neoxanthin']

answer: @entity38 :: (MESH:D002734,Chemical) :: ['chlorophylls']


abstract: @entity5 constitute a number of diverse neoplastic lesions located within 2   cm of the major @entity9317 ; among these, metastatic lesions account for only a small proportion of the periampullary @entity5 . To our knowledge, a metastatic @entity5 from @entity157 has never been reported. A 62-year-old male reported to our institute for fatigue and low hemoglobin. His medical history was remarkable for multifocal @entity157 ( @entity157 ) treated with selective transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed which revealed a periampullary mass. Histopathology was consistent with metastatic moderately differentiated @entity157 . Two endoloops were deployed around the base of the mass one month apart. The mass eventually sloughed off and @entity1 's hemoglobin level stabilized. We postulated that periampullary @entity3 in this @entity1 was the result of @entity5 fragments migration through the biliary tracts and that TACE which increases @entity5 fragments burden might have played a contributory role. @entity3 of @entity157 to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract should be considered as a cause of @entity360 .

title: Metastatic Periampullary Tumor from @entity157 Presenting as XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'periampullary tumor', 'Periampullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'Metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenal papilla']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Bleeding']


abstract: @entity1 mesangial cell (HMC) cultures synthesize cellular fibronectin (FN), which is secreted and incorporated into a fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM). The anticancer drug @entity632 (ADR) induces changes in extracellular FN deposition. As revealed by immunofluorescence staining, a 24 h incubation of the cells with 2 micrograms ADR/ml resulted in a marked expansion of the pericellular FN fibers, which may be due to either an increased synthesis or a decreased FN degradation. The effects of ADR on FN mRNA were analysed by northern hybridization and in vitro translation. Steady-state FN mRNA levels were significantly increased by 60% following ADR administration. However, yields of radioactivity incorporated into FN by cell-free translation remained constant (2.3 +/- 0.7%, n = 24, vs controls 2.2 +/- 0.8% of total radioactivity, n = 23). The quality of translation products was not affected by the drug, whereas translation efficiency of total RNA from ADR-treated HMC was only 75% of controls. The data presented suggest a negative feedback control of FN expression on the level of translation. Extracellular FN accumulation in the experimental model of ADR-induced progressive @entity8 therefore cannot be explained by an increased FN synthesis, but is rather regarded a consequence of proteinase inhibition. This assumption is compatible with a diminished number of FN fragments recently demonstrated in the culture medium of ADR-treated HMC, and is further corroborated by the loss of urinary FN degradation products accompanying the onset of @entity644 in ADR-treated @entity35 .

title: Fibronectin expression in @entity1 mesangial cell cultures and its alterations by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['adriamycin']

answer: @entity632 :: (MESH:D004317,Chemical) :: ['adriamycin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with intervals of @entity1167 is a useful adjunct during operations on the descending thoracic aorta and distal aortic arch when severe @entity2333 precludes placement of clamps on the aorta. @entity2332 also has a marked protective effect on spinal cord function during periods of @entity432 . METHODS: Fifty-one @entity1 (age range, 22 to 79 years) with descending @entity2333 had resection and graft replacement of the diseased aortic segments using hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and intervals of @entity1167 in situations where the location, extent, or severity of disease precluded placement of clamps on the proximal aorta (8 @entity1 ) or (in 43 @entity1 ) when extensive thoracic (11) or thoracoabdominal (32) @entity2333 was present and the risk for development of spinal cord @entity63 and @entity177 was judged to be increased. Patent intercostal (below T-6) and @entity432 were attached to the graft whenever possible. RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality was 9.8% (5 @entity1 ). @entity451 occurred in 2 and @entity1746 in 1 of the 46 30-day survivors (6.5%). Among the 27 operative survivors with @entity439 , @entity451 occurred in 1 of 12 with @entity196 (8%), 0 of 10 with type II, and 1 of 5 with @entity439 (20%). @entity451 occurred in none of the 12 @entity1 with @entity1580 and in 2 of the 15 @entity1 with @entity439 . @entity177 requiring dialysis occurred in 1 (2.2%) of the 46 30-day survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Hypothermic @entity1167 is a valuable adjunct for the treatment of complex @entity2333 involving the aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aorta. In @entity1 with @entity439 , its use has been associated with a low incidence of @entity177 and an incidence of @entity451 / @entity1746 in traditionally high-risk subsets (type I and II @entity439 , @entity1580 ), which may be less than that observed with other surgical techniques.

title: Hypothermic bypass and XXXX for operations on the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aorta.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic injury']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'Renal failure']

entities_list: @entity196 :: ('MESH:D020754', 'Disease') :: ['Crawford type I']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracoabdominal aneurysms', 'aneurysms', 'type III aneurysms', 'degenerative aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['upper lumbar arteries', 'aortic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['circulatory arrest']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease', 'thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['Paraplegia', 'paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['Hypothermia']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['circulatory arrest']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platycodon grandiflorum is a traditional Asian medicine that is used to treat @entity358 . OBJECTIVE: to investigate the effects of P grandiflorum in vivo in an animal model of @entity483 ( @entity483 ), with particular emphasis on its effects on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses. METHODS: we established a model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . After oral administration of P grandiflorum, we measured cytokine and immunoglobulin profiles along with histologic examination of skin. RESULTS: P grandiflorum was nontoxic in a @entity18580 -induced model of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 . @entity483 symptoms in @entity272 improved after oral administration of P grandiflorum. IgE secretion was significantly downregulated in P grandiflorum-treated animals, accompanied by decreased levels of @entity58 and @entity6527 and increased serum levels of @entity12782 and @entity9749 . In isolated splenocytes, the production of the @entity46089 cytokines @entity12782 and interferon-y was upregulated by P grandiflorum, whereas the levels of the @entity61 cytokines @entity58 and @entity59 were downregulated in a @entity19 model of @entity483 -like @entity272 . CONCLUSIONS: these results suggest that P grandiflorum inhibits the development of @entity483 -like @entity272 in NC/Nga @entity19 by suppressing the @entity61 cell response and increasing the @entity46089 cell responses. Our results indicate that P grandiflorum is safe and effective as a natural herbal medicine for the treatment of @entity483 -like @entity272 .

title: Inhibitory effect of Platycodon grandiflorum on @entity46089 and @entity61 immune responses in a @entity19 model of @entity18580 -induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity483 :: ('MESH:D003876', 'Disease') :: ['atopic dermatitis', 'AD']

entities_list: @entity18580 :: ('CHEBI:53049', 'Chemical') :: ['2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary and respiratory allergic disorders']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity272 :: (MESH:D012871,Disease) :: ['atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions']


abstract: @entity263 is the most common @entity5 in @entity1 . Encouraging results are emerging in @entity263 risk reduction with @entity10831 (5AR) inhibitors. The @entity263 Prevention Trial (PCPT) showed that @entity263 risk is reduced by @entity585 . However, there was an increase in the incidence of high-grade @entity263 with @entity585 treatment vs placebo. The number of cases should have increased during the study in the @entity585 group with the length of exposure to the drug. But, in fact the ratio between the two groups was lower during the fourth year. This therefore favours the hypothesis of a bias in the results. There are many hypotheses to explain the increase in the prevalence of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 therapy. The effects of @entity585 on prostate volume rather than on the @entity5 's morphology and a selective inhibition of low-grade @entity5 may have contributed to the increase the number of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 in the PCPT. Despite the current trend to explain the increase of high-grade @entity5 with @entity585 therapy by a detection bias, other studies underline the potential role of low levels of @entity586 in the genesis of high-grade @entity5 . In May 2008, a re-analysis of the PCPT results showed a significant decrease of 30% in the overall risk of @entity263 in the @entity585 group vs the placebo group, but it also found a statistically non-significant and less important increase of the prevalence of high-grade @entity5 in the @entity585 group. However, the 5AR isoenzyme type 1 is present at higher rates than type 2 in high-grade @entity5 . Thus, @entity585 is probably not the ideal drug to prevent high-grade @entity5 .

title: High-grade XXXX and @entity585 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer', 'Prostate Cancer']

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity585 :: ('MESH:D018120', 'Chemical') :: ['finasteride']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour', 'cancers', 'tumours', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between @entity28 and lower urinary tract symptoms and prostate volume in @entity1 who underwent prostate biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between December 2008 and November 2009, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed on @entity1 who had elevated @entity1486 levels or abnormal digital rectal examination findings. A total of 211 @entity1 were included in this study. Prostate volumes, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) values, and the @entity1 's height and weight were all recorded during the biopsy. Body mass index (BMI) <18.5 was determined as underweight, 18.5-23.0 normal, 23.0-27.5 overweight, and >27.5 @entity28 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 68.0    6.3 years, and the mean BMI was 28.0    4.9 kg/m(2). The mean prostate volume of the normal, overweight, and @entity28 groups was 30, 50, and 70 ml, respectively. The positive and statistically significant correlation between BMI and prostate volume was determined (P < 0.001). According to BMI, the mean IPSS was 8.0, 16.5, and 20.0 in the groups, respectively. Similarly, a statistically positive correlation between BMI and IPSS was demonstrated (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: As the result of a rise in BMI, prostate volumes and IPSS increase in @entity1 . Prostate volume and IPSS decrease due to weight loss, and hence that fewer urinary symptoms occur, and the quality-of-life of @entity1 may increase.

title: Effect of XXXX on International Prostate Symptom Score and prostate volume.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity855 -binding cassette (ABC) transporters have been shown to be involved in pesticide detoxification in arthropod vectors and are thought to contribute to the development of drug resistance. Little is currently known about the role they play in ticks, which are among the more important vectors of @entity1 and animal pathogens. Here, the role of ABC transporters in the transport of @entity276 and ivermectin acaricides in the tick @entity278 (Ixodida: Ixodidae) was investigated. Larvae were treated with acaricide alone and acaricide in combination with a sub-lethal dose of the ABC transporter inhibitor @entity205 . The LC50 doses and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated by mortality data using probit analysis were 67.930   p.p.m. (95% CI 53.780-90.861) for @entity276 and 3741   p.p.m. (95% CI 2857-4647) for ivermectin. The pre-exposure of larvae to a sub-lethal dose of @entity205 reduced the LC50 dose of @entity276 to 4.808   p.p.m. (95% CI 0.715-9.527) and that of ivermectin to 167   p.p.m. (95% CI 15-449), which increased @entity137 by about 14- and 22-fold, respectively. The comparison of mortality data for each separate @entity71807 concentration showed the synergic effect of @entity205 to be reduced at higher concentrations of acaricide. These results show for the first time a strong association between ABC transporters and acaricide detoxification in @entity278 s.l.

title: Potential role of XXXX -binding cassette transporters against acaricides in the @entity278 @entity278 sensu lato.

entities_list: @entity276 :: ('MESH:C082360', 'Chemical') :: ['fipronil']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity71807 :: ('CHEBI:22153', 'Chemical') :: ['acaricide']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus', 'R.sanguineus']

answer: @entity855 :: (MESH:D000255,Chemical) :: ['ATP']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2794 following @entity30439 are debilitating and difficult to treat. Commonly employed initial therapeutic modalities include pharmacologic, physical, and psychological interventions. Despite these efforts, a subset of @entity1 with @entity1118 remains. Peripheral nerve surgery has never before been reported as an effective treatment for the management of post- @entity30439 @entity10 . In this study, we report on our early outcomes following peripheral nerve surgery for this novel indication. METHODS: A retrospective review of 28 consecutive @entity1 with post- @entity30439 @entity10 who underwent occipital nerve surgery was performed. Preoperative and postoperative @entity158 was evaluated on visual analog scale (VAS) in 24 @entity1 with at least 6 months follow-up. RESULTS: The average VAS @entity158 reduced from 6.4 preoperatively, to 1.4 (P   <   0.0001). Twenty-one @entity1 (88%) had a successful outcome of at least a 50% reduction in their VAS following peripheral nerve surgery. Additionally, twelve @entity1 (50%) were @entity158 free at time of final follow-up. There were no surgical complications. CONCLUSIONS: Early results indicate peripheral nerve surgery is a safe and effective new therapy for post- @entity30439 @entity10 in the properly selected @entity1 , whose @entity1118 persists despite initial treatments by a neurologist, specialized in @entity10 management. Future studies should focus on larger @entity1 populations, and examine the long-term durability of outcome. In the meantime, an interdisciplinary approach involving neurologists and a peripheral nerve surgeon is suggested for the care of @entity1 with refractory chronic post- @entity30439 @entity9 and other post-traumatic @entity2794 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2015.

title: Interdisciplinary treatment of post- XXXX and post-traumatic @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity30439 :: ('MESH:D001924', 'Disease') :: ['concussion']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic headaches', 'chronic headaches']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'headache pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['occipital neuralgia']

answer: @entity30439 :: (MESH:D001924,Disease) :: ['concussion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Nineteen @entity1 with persistent @entity459 were investigated to evaluate their clinical and laboratory status a long time after treatment was ended. The risk of persistent disease and need for extensive surgery for cure, i.e. more than two neck operations, or mediastinal exploration, was also evaluated. DESIGN: The medical records of 896 consecutive @entity1 operated on for @entity459 were scrutinised at follow-up, a mean of 10.3 Years after surgery. Data on state of health, medication, @entity174 and other diagnoses were collected by use of a questionnaire. There were 600 @entity1 still alive, among whom 13 had persistent disease and they were compared with 509 @entity1 who were cured and without any suspicion of recurrent disease, according to laboratory examination. RESULTS: Serum @entity460 and @entity1011 values had with few exceptions remained stable over the Years. In five patients, serum @entity460 levels were within the normal range at follow-up. Still, all 19 @entity1 were considered @entity2742 . They had substantial @entity65 , and their state of health was not as good as that of the @entity1 who were surgically cured. After one operation, 5.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.0-7.2%) had persistent disease, and 2.1% after reoperation. Extensive surgery for cure was performed in 2% of the @entity1 (95% CI 1.1-3.2%). CONCLUSIONS: We found that the state of health was significantly better for @entity1 with cured @entity459 than for @entity1 with persistent disease, but serious deterioration of laboratory values was uncommon. The result of the present study supports surgical treatment.

title: Persistent disease after surgery for XXXX : the long-term outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: No reference second-line treatment of @entity151 is available. The aim of the present phase II randomized trial (Groupe Fran  ais de Pneumo-Canc  rologie 0501) was to compare, in @entity1 with progressive @entity151 after first-line @entity902 -based chemotherapy, oral multidrug chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , @entity2879 ) and intravenous therapy with @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ( @entity3895 ) in terms of efficacy and tolerance. The primary endpoint was overall survival. The secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, response rate, and tolerance. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study randomized 131 @entity1 (76.7% male; median age, 61    8.1 years, 85.5% with a performance status of 0-1), 65 to oral therapy and 66 to the @entity3895 arm. No statistically significant differences were found in the baseline @entity1 characteristics. RESULTS: The OS and PFS was 6.1 and 3 months for the oral arm and 5.8 and 3.1 months for the @entity3895 arm, respectively. The control disease rate was 61.6% and 45.5% in oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively. No unexpected adverse events occurred, and no statistically significant difference was found between the 2 arms in terms of @entity137 (grade 4 hematologic adverse events in 32.3% and 31.8% of @entity1 in the oral and @entity3895 arms, respectively). CONCLUSION: Compared with @entity3895 , oral therapy in this setting appears as feasible as, but not superior to, the efficacy in the @entity3895 arm.

title: Second-Line Oral Chemotherapy ( @entity11770 , @entity786 , XXXX ) Versus Intravenous Therapy ( @entity786 , @entity632 , and @entity1891 ) in @entity1 With @entity151 : A Randomized Phase II Study of GFPC 0501.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity2879 :: (MESH:D005047,Chemical) :: ['Etoposide']


abstract: The passive @entity17220 ( @entity91 ) was measured by the occlusion technique in 34 preterm newborn @entity1 with @entity649 . Gestational age ranged from 27 to 33 weeks. Preterm newborn @entity1 were divided into four groups on the basis of clinical criteria. Group 1 consisted of 10 @entity1 tested during the first postnatal days (1 to 3 days) while acutely ill and requiring ventilation and @entity26 therapy. After the acute phase of @entity649 , two groups were tested: group 2 consisted of nine @entity1 (5 to 22 days of age) who no longer required ventilation, and group 3 consisted of six @entity1 (7 to 28 days of age) who subsequently had @entity2107 . Group 4 consisted of nine @entity1 older than 1 month of age with confirmed @entity2107 . Group 1 had significantly lower @entity91 and @entity91 normalized for body weight ( @entity91 /BW) than group 2 had (P less than 0.001). In groups 3 and 4 @entity91 was significantly lower than in group 2 (P less than 0.001), as was @entity91 /BW (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in @entity91 and @entity91 /BW values between groups 3 and 4. This cross-sectional study in preterm @entity1 with @entity649 suggests that @entity91 may have predictive value in regard to development of @entity2107 after the acute phase of @entity649 .

title: Passive compliance of total respiratory system in preterm newborn @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity17220 :: ('MESH:D015619', 'Disease') :: ['compliance of the total respiratory system']

entities_list: @entity2107 :: ('MESH:D001997', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopulmonary dysplasia']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Recent reports suggest that hydrolyzed @entity3505 protein (HWP) variants such as Glupearl   19S (GP19S) induce @entity56 via epicutaneous (EC) sensitization. The identification of strong allergens is a key step in product assessment before commercial launch. However, few reports have described the estimation of actual and potential anaphylactic sensitizing capacity. In this study we assessed the strength of both the actual and potential anaphylactic sensitizing capacity by investigating the @entity56 inducing potential of HWP compared with gluten. We assessed these strengths via the EC route using an EC or intradermal (ID) sensitization method. We quantified the strength of @entity56 by evaluating the titer of serum antibodies isolated from sensitized subjects using passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions. We also evaluated the cross-reactivity between GP19S and gluten. GP19S and gluten applied by both the sensitization methods induced obvious IgG1-mediated PCA reactions. GP19S had stronger sensitizing potential than gluten, according to the serum titers and dye spot diameters. The difference in antibody titers between GP19S and gluten was 16-fold for the EC method versus 2-fold for the ID method. GP19S cross-reacted with gluten. Acid hydrolysis of gluten increased anaphylactic sensitizing capacity in the EC method. To our knowledge, our study is the first to quantitatively confirm that HWP and gluten can induce @entity56 through an intact skin. These findings suggest that acid-HWP imposes a higher risk of EC sensitization than gluten because of the ease with which the former confers a sensitizing effect through the intact skin.

title: Anaphylactic augmentation by epicutaneous sensitization to acid-hydrolyzed XXXX protein in a guinea pig model.

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['immediate-type hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity3505 :: (4565,Species) :: ['wheat']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: @entity27 ( @entity27 ) is demonstrated in 40% of @entity1 after adenotonsillectomy. We previously evaluated the basis of management decisions in @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 and found that 61% of decisions were non-evidence based. The aim of this study was to identify gaps in evidence for the management of @entity1 with @entity27 without @entity1184 . STUDY DESIGN: Case series. METHODS: We recorded all real-time decisions made by pediatric subspecialists from eight disciplines that participated in an upper airway clinic and management conferences. Practitioners were immediately queried regarding the basis of their decisions, and non-evidence-based decisions were categorized. RESULTS: During 10 case conferences and five clinics, 507 decisions were made for 63 @entity1 (43% with Down syndrome, 20% with Pierre Robin sequence). The 309 non-evidence-based decisions most commonly pertained to follow-up timing and appropriate subspecialty clinic location (116/309, 38%) as well as timing for repeat polysomnography (35/309, 11%), especially in @entity1 at high risk for persistent @entity27 after treatment. Additional gaps identified included the likelihood of @entity27 improvement from @entity353 , and effectiveness of sleep surgical procedures (i.e., lingual tonsillectomy, posterior midline glossectomy, and craniofacial surgery) alone or in combination. CONCLUSIONS: Identified gaps in evidence included timing and location of follow-up, appropriate use of polysomnography for surveillance, effectiveness of specific surgical procedures performed alone and in combination, and the use of oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure therapy in @entity1 with Down syndrome. We also found a need for studies to compare the effectiveness of these treatment options in diverse @entity1 populations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4 Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Gaps in evidence: Management of @entity27 without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['tonsillar hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['OSA', 'Persistent obstructive sleep apnea']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1184 :: (MESH:D006984,Disease) :: ['tonsillar hypertrophy']


abstract: The periodontal status and subgingival microflora of @entity2690 -dependent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity1 (n = 16, mean age = 11.3) were compared with that of their non- @entity6 cohabiting healthy siblings (HS, n = 16, mean age = 13.2). @entity6 @entity1 were monitored every 3 months for levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and clinical and microbial parameters were measured 6 weeks before drawing blood for levels of HbA1c (M% = 8.76). Clinical indices, measured for the entire permanent dentition, included: @entity92 ( @entity92 ), @entity10273 ( @entity10273 ), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and plaque index (PI). @entity527 samples were obtained at 2 sites from each subject; whenever possible, the site with the deepest @entity92 and the mesial aspect of the maxillary right first molar were used. Microbial analyses were determined by cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. No significant differences were detected in any of the clinical indices for the entire dentition. The mean @entity10273 for @entity6 sites was 2.32 +/- 0.83 mm and for HS sites was 2.2 +/- 0.85 mm. Mean percentage of total cultivable anaerobic microflora included Capnocytophaga spp. ( @entity6 , 13.21%; HS, 11%) and @entity2523 ( @entity6 , 5.1%; HS, 7.9%). Differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. When cluster analysis was performed on sampled sites, one cluster group in @entity6 @entity1 showed significantly elevated @entity2523 and lower Capnocytophaga spp. levels as compared to the overall mean. The clinical parameters of this cluster were characterized by statistically significant greater loss of attachment and @entity92 . These data would suggest few differences between @entity6 @entity1 and their HS in this population.

title: Periodontal status and selected cultivable anaerobic microflora of XXXX -dependent juvenile diabetics.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['Subgingival plaque']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['JD', 'diabetic', 'juvenile diabetic']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'probing depth']

entities_list: @entity10273 :: ('MESH:D019962', 'Disease') :: ['attachment level', 'AL']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: Bolus infusion (BI) recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) administration is safe and effective in the surgical management of @entity447 @entity1 with inhibitors but has not been compared directly with continuous infusion (CI). We conducted an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing the efficacy and safety of rFVIIa administered by BI or CI for the surgical management of @entity447 or B @entity1 with inhibitors to @entity2801 or @entity4682 . Safety was compared with that of a control group of non-inhibitor @entity1 receiving @entity2801 or @entity4682 concentrates for major surgery. All inhibitor subjects received an initial bolus dose of 90 microg/kg rFVIIa and were then randomly assigned to BI (n = 12) or CI (n = 12). The BI group received 90 microg/kg rFVIIa every two hours (h) during surgery through day 5, then every four hours for days 6-10. The CI group received 50 microg/kg/h rFVIIa through day 5, then 25 mg/kg/h for days 6-10. The control group (n = 12) received @entity2801 or @entity4682 per institutional protocols. Twenty-two major surgeries included orthopedic procedures on the knee (n = 13), hip (n = 3), and abdominal/pelvis procedures (n = 4). One @entity1 with an autoimmune @entity2801 inhibitor randomized to the BI arm was excluded from efficacy analysis. Haemostatic efficacy of rFVIIa in each group was comparable: effective in 8/11 and 9/12 subjects in the BI and CI arms, respectively, and ineffective in three subjects in each arm. Serious adverse events were related to continued or increased @entity548 . In conclusion, haemostatic efficacy and safety of BI and CI of rFVIIa are comparable for the surgical management of @entity447 subjects with inhibitors.

title: Haemostatic efficacy and safety of bolus and continuous infusion of recombinant factor VIIa are comparable in XXXX @entity1 with inhibitors undergoing major surgery. Results from an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['haemophilia', 'haemophilia A']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['haemophilia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping has been shown to non-invasively depict microstructural changes (T2) and oxygenation status (T2* and T2') that are invisible on conventional MRI. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether T2 and T2' quantification detects cerebral (micro-)structural damage and chronic @entity519 in lesions and in normal appearing white matter (WM) and @entity62 ( @entity62 ) of @entity1 with @entity63 ( @entity63 ). Measurements were complemented by the assessment of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the degree of @entity62 and WM @entity194 . METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with @entity63 and 18 age-matched healthy controls were included. High-resolution, motion-corrected T2, T2*, and T2' mapping, CBF mapping (pulsed arterial spin labeling, PASL), and segmentation of @entity62 and WM were used to depict specific changes in both groups. All parameters were compared between @entity1 and healthy controls, using t testing. Values of p   <   0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS: @entity1 showed significantly increased T2 in lesions (p   <   0.01) and in unaffected WM (p   =   0.045) as well as significantly increased T2* in lesions (p   =   0.003). A significant decrease of T2' was detected in @entity1 in unaffected WM (p   =   0.027), while no T2' changes were observed in @entity62 (p   =   0.13). Both unaffected WM and @entity62 were significantly decreased in volume in the @entity1 -group (p   <   0.01). No differences of PASL-based CBF could be shown. CONCLUSION: Non-invasive quantitative MRI with T2, T2*, and T2' mapping might be used to detect subtle structural and metabolic changes in @entity63 . Assessing the grade of @entity16 and @entity519 might be helpful to monitor disease progression and to perform risk assessment.

title: Quantitative T2, T2*, and T2' MR imaging in XXXX with @entity63 might detect microstructural changes and cortical @entity519 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['IL', 'ischemic leukoaraiosis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['microstructural damage']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['gray matter', 'GM']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have evaluated the possible underlying mechanisms of immobilization @entity1337 ( @entity1337 ) by behavioral cross-tolerance studies and molecular studies. In the behavioral studies, the cross-tolerance between single or repeated immobilization @entity1337 and the antinociceptive effects of b-endorphin, @entity1286 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ), or @entity10024 were assessed. Both single and repeated ( 7) immobilization stress significantly attenuated the b-endorphin and @entity750 -induced antinociception in the 2nd phase of @entity406 response, respectively. However, these cross-tolerances disappeared in prolonged repetition of the stress ( 14). Neither single nor repeated ( 7 and  14) immobilization stress affected the antinociceptive effect of @entity1286 or @entity10024 at all. We also found that immobilization stress activated hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin ( @entity11982 ) gene and b-endorphin expression. Since, it has potent inhibitory activity on the noxious stimuli-induced @entity11982 expression, immobilization stress seemed to dissipate the @entity11982 gene expression process. Meanwhile, we did not find any changes in the opioid receptors' (mu-, delta- and kappa-receptor) and the cannabinoid receptors' ( @entity14650 and @entity14651 ) expressions in the midbrain regions elicited by single or repeated stress. These results suggested that a single immobilization stress activates the descending @entity158 modulatory system, which is mainly mediated through endorphinergic and serotonergic activation. Moreover, the tolerance of @entity1337 induced by repeated stresses may be due to the prolonged activation of these systems induced by repeated immobilization.

title: Differential cross-tolerance development between single and repeated immobilization stress on the antinociceptive effect induced by b-endorphin, @entity750 , @entity1286 , and @entity10024 in the inflammatory mouse XXXX mode.

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['SIA', 'stress-induced analgesia']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: Primary @entity9676 is a rare congenital condition associated with @entity6518 . @entity7893 and @entity2905 secondary to this condition are frequent but infectious complications are not. So far few immunological studies have been made in these @entity1 . We report here the results of such a study carried out in two adolescents. Both @entity1 presented with a dramatic decrease in serum gammaglobulins, especially IgG and IgA, and in peripheral blood lymphocytes, especially @entity404 T helper cells. From a functional standpoint, the proliferative response to certain mitogens was reduced. A decrease in in vitro production of immunoglobulins by B lymphocytes may be due to a faulty T/B cell cooperation. Histological examination of duodenal biopsy specimens revealed a decreased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Colonoscopy revealed @entity4383 in the terminal ileum, confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. The role of these abnormalities in the development of infectious complications and @entity706 is underscored.

title: Immunological study in primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphopenia']

entities_list: @entity6518 :: ('MESH:D011504', 'Disease') :: ['protein-losing enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular lymphoid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity7893 :: ('MESH:D000361', 'Disease') :: ['Hypogammaglobulinemia']

entities_list: @entity9676 :: ('MESH:D008201', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lymphangiectasia']

answer: @entity9676 :: (MESH:D008201,Disease) :: ['intestinal lymphangiectasia']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 after single and multiple dosing was studied in 20 @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) of NYHA functional class II. @entity6309 100 mg was given 3 times a day for 7 days in 6 @entity1 and for 30 days in the other 14 @entity1 . Plasma pharmacokinetics of total (mainly conjugated) and free @entity14524 was studied after the first dose and on the 3rd, 7th and 30th days of treatment. The urinary recoveries of total @entity14524 , @entity3829 and @entity4925 were measured in 5 @entity1 for 24 h after @entity6309 ingestion on the 1st and 30th days. Plasma pharmacokinetics of @entity6309 did not vary during the repeated administration of the drug. In the course of the treatment, total @entity14524 elimination t1/2 showed no significant variations. The build-up of Cmax, Cmin and AUC of total @entity14524 observed after multiple dosing was as expected on the basis of the interval adopted between the doses of @entity6309 and of the elimination t1/2 of total @entity14524 . Pharmacokinetic parameters of free @entity14524 did not show significant variations during the course of the treatment. The amounts of @entity3829 and @entity4925 recovered in urine on the 1st and 30th days of treatment were similar while the amount of total @entity14524 was greater on the 30th day, the increment mainly reflecting a partial carry over of the less rapidly excreted conjugated @entity14524 from the last previous doses. The results obtained for free @entity14524 plasma levels and for the urinary recoveries of @entity6309 metabolites thus indicated that no saturation of the enzymes involved in @entity6309 metabolism occurred.

title: XXXX kinetics after single and multiple dosing in @entity1 with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity6309 :: ('MESH:C023487', 'Chemical') :: ['ibopamine', 'Ibopamine']

answer: @entity6309 :: (MESH:C023487,Chemical) :: ['Ibopamine']


abstract: @entity4878 are currently being tested for the treatment and prevention of several @entity1 @entity5 , including @entity0 . However, the anti- @entity5 and growth inhibitory mechanisms of @entity4878 are not well understood. @entity1968 (RA) inhibits the growth of the @entity172 receptor-positive (ER+) @entity0 cell line, MCF-7, in a reversible and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, @entity442 , @entity5100 ) and insulin are potent stimulators of the proliferation of MCF-7 and several other @entity0 cell lines. Pharmacologic doses of RA (> or = 10(-6) M) completely inhibit @entity442 -stimulated MCF-7 cell growth. Published data suggest that the growth inhibitory action of RA on IGF-stimulated cell growth is linear and dose-dependent, similar to RA inhibition of unstimulated or @entity53 -stimulated MCF-7 cell growth. Surprisingly, we have found that @entity442 or insulin-stimulated cell growth is increased to a maximum of 132% and 127%, respectively, by cotreatment with 10(-7) M RA, and that 10(-9) - 10(-7) M RA increase cell proliferation compared to @entity442 or insulin alone. MCF-7 cells that stably overexpress @entity5100 are also resistant to the growth inhibitory effects of 10(-9) - 10(-7) M RA. Treatment with the @entity442 receptor blocking antibody, alpha IR-3, restores RA-induced growth inhibition of @entity442 -treated or @entity5100 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells, indicating that the @entity2856 is mediating these effects. IGFs cannot reverse all RA effects since the altered cell culture morphology of RA-treated cells is similar in growth-inhibited cultures and in @entity5100 expressing clones that are resistant to RA-induced growth inhibition. These results indicate that RA action on MCF-7 cells is biphasic in the presence of @entity442 or insulin with 10(-9) - 10(-7) M RA enhancing cell proliferation and > or = 10(-6) M RA causing growth inhibition. As @entity442 and @entity5100 ligands are frequently detectable in @entity0 tissues, their potential for modulation of RA effects should be considered when evaluating @entity4878 for use in in vivo experimental studies and for clinical purposes. Additionally, the therapeutic use of inhibitors of IGF action in combination with RA is suggested by these studies.

title: Insulin-like growth factors modulate the growth inhibitory effects of XXXX on MCF-7 @entity0 cells.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids', 'Retinoids']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I', 'IGF-I']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['All-trans retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity14300 ( @entity14300 ) have electrophysiological evidence of optic nerve fibre mis-routing similar to that found in @entity1 with @entity43619 ( @entity43619 ). METHOD: We recorded the Pattern Onset VEP using a protocol optimised to detect mis-routing of optic nerve fibres in older @entity1 and adults. We tested 20 @entity1 (age 15-69 yrs) with X-linked or autosomal recessive @entity14300 , 14 @entity1 (age 9-56 yrs) with @entity43619 and 13 normally pigmented volunteers (age 21-66 yrs). We measured the amplitude and latency of the CI component at the occipital midline and over left and right occipital hemispheres. We also assessed the computed inter-hemispheric "difference" signal. Subjects with @entity14300 were classified as having the "complete" or "incomplete" phenotype on the basis of their ERG characteristics. Members of X-linked @entity14300 pedigrees underwent mutation screening of the @entity45215 and @entity17327 genes. RESULTS: CI was significantly smaller over the ipsilateral hemisphere and more prominent over the contralateral hemisphere in @entity43619 @entity1 compared with both controls and @entity14300 @entity1 . In @entity14300 @entity1 CI response amplitudes were not significantly different from controls but peak latency was prolonged at all three electrodes compared with controls. The inter-hemispheric "difference" signal was abnormal for the @entity43619 group but not for the @entity14300 group. Contralateral dominance of CI could be identified in the majority of @entity43619 @entity1 and the "difference" signal was opposite in polarity for left compared with right eye stimulation in every @entity1 in this group. Only 3 of 20 @entity1 with @entity14300 showed significant inter-hemispheric asymmetry similar to that seen in the @entity43619 @entity1 . All 3 @entity14300 @entity1 with evidence for optic nerve fibre mis-routing had X-linked pedigrees: 2 had an identified mutation in the @entity45215 gene but no mutation in either the @entity45215 or @entity17327 genes was identified in the third. VEP evidence of optic nerve fibre mis-routing was present in 3 of the 11 subjects with "complete" phenotype and none of the 9 @entity1 with "incomplete" phenotype @entity14300 . CONCLUSION: Mis-routing of optic nerve fibres does occur in @entity14300 but we found evidence of it in only 15% of our @entity1 .

title: Is optic nerve fibre mis-routing a feature of XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43619 :: ('MESH:D016117', 'Disease') :: ['ocular albinism', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity14300 :: ('MESH:C536122', 'Disease') :: ['CSNB', 'congenital stationary night blindness']

answer: @entity14300 :: (MESH:C536122,Disease) :: ['congenital stationary night blindness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in @entity1 with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) has been associated with a significant decrease in the need for repeat revascularization, and a favorable short-term clinical outcome when compared with the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Our group, however, has previously reported similar rates of @entity75 revascularisation (TLR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years follow-up in @entity1 with a successfully opened CTO who were treated with either a @entity3446 eluting stent (SES) or a BMS. The objective of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of these @entity1 at 5-years clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 140 (BMS 64, SES 76) @entity1 with successfully opened CTOs were included. Seven @entity1 died in the BMS group whilst nine @entity1 died in the SES group (P = 0.90). @entity204 was the major component of all-cause mortality (11 noncardiac deaths vs. 5 cardiac). There were two and three @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 1.0). The composite of @entity204 and @entity583 occurred in seven (10.9%) and eleven (14.5%) @entity1 in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.53). Clinically driven TLR was performed in eight @entity1 (12.5%) in the BMS group, and five (6.6%) in the SES group (P = 0.26). Non-TLR target vessel revascularization was performed in one @entity1 in the BMS group, and four in the SES group (P = 0.37). The 5-year device-oriented cumulative MACE rate was 15.6% and 11.8% in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with a successfully treated CTO, clinical outcome after 5 years was similar between SES and BMS, however, clinically driven TLR was slightly higher in the BMS group.

title: Five-year clinical outcomes after coronary stenting of chronic total occlusion using @entity3446 -eluting stents: insights from the XXXX -eluting stent evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital-(Research) Registry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesion']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['Noncardiac death', 'death']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['rapamycin']


abstract: In a prospective study, 112 fresh @entity43 samples were collected from 83 consecutive @entity1 . Cellular DNA content was measured by flow cytometry. All the benign (n = 24) and semimalignant (n = 6) @entity5 were diploid. Of 50 @entity5 , 24 (48%) were diploid and 26 (52%) were @entity2007 . Aneuploidy was more frequent in the advanced stages of the disease, in @entity5 of low degree of differentiation, and in older @entity1 . The @entity1 with @entity5 had smaller @entity5 and more often ascites. The fraction of cells with S-phase DNA content was higher in the @entity5 . No association was seen to the @entity5 type. Ploidy determination is objective and reproducible. Aneuploidy associates to most negative prognostic factors in @entity43 and may reflect the @entity146 . The ploidy status may be taken into consideration in the stratification of @entity1 of comparable risk for treatment studies.

title: Ploidy assessment of benign and malignant XXXX by flow cytometry. A clinicopathologic study.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian carcinoma', 'ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian tumors']


abstract: Thirty-eight @entity1 with @entity1723 who had background @entity989 and no residual endogenous insulin secretion as assessed by plasma C-peptide determinations, were randomized to either conventional insulin treatment or to more intensive @entity413 control using ultralente insulin as basal cover and soluble insulin at mealtimes and were followed for five years. Plasma @entity413 profile and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined every eight weeks. Eye examinations were performed at the start of the study and after one, three and five years. Age, duration of @entity6 , insulin dosage, glycemic control were comparable in the two groups. The mean plasma @entity413 profile was similar at entry in both groups and did not change in the conventionally-treated group. Mean plasma @entity413 profile 11.2 +/- 1 mmol/l with glycosylated hemoglobin level 10.7 +/- 0.3% fell to 7.9 +/- 0.4 mmol/l and 8.7 +/- 0.5% respectively during intensive treatment. Retinal morphology deteriorated during the follow-up with no significant differences between @entity1 under unchanged conventional treatment and intensive insulin regimen. @entity989 developed in six @entity1 --three of these were under intensive insulin treatment. These data suggest that substantial long-term improvement of glycemic control does not affect progression of background @entity989 even when it is mild. The evolution of established @entity989 in insulin dependent @entity6 @entity1 is not only a function of poor glycemic control; other factors, either intrinsic or environmental, must also be important.

title: Long-term correction of hyperglycemia and XXXX in @entity1723 . A five-year randomized prospective study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['insulin dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'Proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['progression of retinopathy']


abstract: The use of fluorinated molecules as drugs and imaging agents for @entity9555 has been studied extensively over the years. Incorporating a @entity2862 atom into the structure of a drug changes its physiochemical properties and can thereby lead to much more desirable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. This change can help to facilitate blood-brain barrier permeability, which is a critical matter for drugs intended for CNS activities. @entity2862 incorporation into structures of drugs for the treatment of @entity179 has been an attractive field for drug discovery. Such incorporation can greatly influence the physicochemical properties, metabolic stability and receptor binding affinity of the resulting molecule. Some studies have shown that when a proton was substituted with @entity2862 , the binding or inhibitory potency was greatly increased. The @entity2862 -18 isotope, @entity8984 , is utilized in detection and diagnosis of @entity179 , whereas @entity25279 compounds are used in the treatment of these diseases and in MRI. @entity8984 is widely used in PET imaging because it offers the advantage of a longer half-life compared with other radionuclides. It is used for imaging various receptors and transporters that have been linked to @entity179 , such as @entity195 , @entity191 , @entity2033 and @entity9576 . @entity2862 plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of many @entity149 , including @entity179 . The use of @entity2862 in the diagnosis and treatment of @entity179 , such as @entity195 and @entity191 , will be discussed in this review.

title: Fluorinated molecules in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS diseases']

entities_list: @entity9555 :: ('MESH:D001928', 'Disease') :: ['CNS disorders']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's disease"]

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity9576 :: ('MESH:D019578', 'Disease') :: ['multiple system atrophy']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders', 'neurodegenerative diseases']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine', 'Fluorine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection that has potentially serious consequences unless detected and treated early. The health service in the UK offers clinic-based testing for @entity1047 but uptake is low. Identifying the predictors of testing behaviours may inform interventions to increase uptake. Self-tests for @entity1047 may facilitate testing and treatment in @entity1 who avoid clinic-based testing. Self-testing and being tested by a @entity283 ( @entity283 ) involve two contrasting contexts that may influence testing behaviour. However, little is known about how predictors of behaviour differ as a function of context. In this study, theoretical models of behaviour were used to assess factors that may predict intention to test in two different contexts: self-testing and being tested by a @entity283 . Individuals searching for or reading about @entity1047 testing online were recruited using Google Adwords. @entity1 completed an online questionnaire that addressed previous testing behaviour and measured constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Protection Motivation Theory, which propose a total of eight possible predictors of intention. The questionnaire was completed by 310 @entity1 . Sufficient data for multiple regression were provided by 102 and 118 respondents for self-testing and testing by a @entity283 respectively. Intention to self-test was predicted by vulnerability and self-efficacy, with a trend-level effect for response efficacy. Intention to be tested by a @entity283 was predicted by vulnerability, attitude and subjective norm. Thus, intentions to carry out two testing behaviours with very similar goals can have different predictors depending on test context. We conclude that interventions to increase self-testing should be based on evidence specifically related to test context.

title: An online study combining the constructs from the theory of planned behaviour and protection motivation theory in predicting intention to test for XXXX in two testing contexts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1047 :: ('MESH:D002690', 'Disease') :: ['chlamydia']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health care professional', 'HCP']

answer: @entity1047 :: (MESH:D002690,Disease) :: ['chlamydia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:    To describe the possible association (pathophysiologic and clinical features) between exertional @entity64 (EHS) and @entity590 ( @entity590 ). BACKGROUND:    Both EHS and @entity590 are acute and life-threatening disorders. It has repeatedly been shown that EHS can occur in well-trained @entity1 with known @entity590 -associated mutation in the @entity13868 gene in the absence of any extreme environmental conditions or extreme physical activity, thereby supporting a possible link between EHS and @entity590 . In this case, a highly trained 30-year-old male athlete suddenly collapsed while running. He had initial @entity221 (40.2  C) and progressive @entity881 requiring medical management in an intensive care unit. After he recovered completely, a maximal exercise test was performed and showed an obvious abnormality of oxidative metabolism in muscle; genetic analysis of the @entity13868 gene identified a heterozygous missense variation @entity73327 . Consequently, the athlete was given appropriate information and allowed to progressively return to sport competition. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:    Doping, use of drugs and toxic agents, exercise-associated @entity2753 , exertional @entity221 . TREATMENT:    Initial management started with the basic resuscitative guidelines of airway, breathing, and circulation (intubation). Cooling, administration of fresh frozen plasma, and intensive rehydration resulted in improvement. UNIQUENESS:    To our knowledge, ours is the first description of this @entity590 mutation ( @entity73327 ) in the @entity13868 gene that was associated with exertional @entity5925 involving a dramatic impairment of oxidative metabolism in muscle. CONCLUSIONS:    Common features are shared by EHS and @entity590 . Careful attention must therefore be paid to athletes who experience EHS, especially in temperate climates or when there are no other predisposing factors.

title: Exertional Heat @entity64 and Susceptibility to Malignant XXXX in an Athlete: Evidence for a Link?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity5925 :: ('MESH:D012206', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyolysis']

entities_list: @entity590 :: ('MESH:D008305', 'Disease') :: ['MH', 'malignant hyperthermia']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'heat illness']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Hyperthermia']


abstract: @entity1078 [ @entity17418 ] occurs in the apical plasma membrane of growing pollen tubes. Because enzymes responsible for @entity17418 production at that location are uncharacterized, functions of @entity17418 in pollen tube tip growth are unresolved. Two candidate genes encoding pollen-expressed @entity958 @entity1076 5-kinases (PI4P 5-kinases) of @entity958 subfamily B were identified ( @entity71104 and @entity71105 ), and their recombinant proteins were characterized as being PI4P 5-kinases. Pollen of T-DNA insertion lines deficient in both @entity71104 and @entity71105 exhibited reduced pollen germination and defects in pollen tube elongation. Fluorescence-tagged @entity71104 and @entity71105 localized to an apical plasma membrane microdomain in @entity958 and @entity286 ( @entity286 ) pollen tubes, and overexpression of either @entity71104 or @entity71105 triggered multiple tip branching events. Further studies using the @entity286 system revealed that overexpression caused massive apical pectin deposition accompanied by plasma membrane invaginations. By contrast, callose deposition and cytoskeletal structures were unaltered in the overexpressors. Morphological effects depended on @entity17418 production, as an inactive enzyme variant did not produce any effects. The data indicate that excessive @entity17418 production by type B PI4P 5-kinases disturbs the balance of membrane trafficking and apical pectin deposition. Polar tip growth of pollen tubes may thus be modulated by @entity17418 via regulatory effects on membrane trafficking and/or apical pectin deposition.

title: Type B @entity1076 5-kinases mediate @entity958 and XXXX pollen tube growth by regulating apical pectin secretion.

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Nicotiana tabacum']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1076 :: ('MESH:C037178', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate']

answer: @entity286 :: (4097,Species) :: ['Nicotiana tabacum']


abstract: Three-dimensional structural model of @entity4299 hydrolase (PchEHA) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium was constructed based on X-ray structure of @entity3261 AD1 sEH using SWISS-MODEL server. Conserved residues constituting the active site cavity were identified, of which the functional roles of 14 residues were determined by site-directed mutagenesis. In catalytic triad, @entity2574 105 and His308 play a leading role in alkylation and hydrolysis steps, respectively. Distance between @entity2574 105 and @entity4299 ring of substrate may determine the regiospecificity in the substrate docking model. @entity2574 277 located at the entrance of substrate tunnel is concerned with catalysis but not essential. @entity73357 had the highest activity and lower enantioselectivity among 14 mutants, suggesting @entity2574 307 may be involved in choice of substrate configuration. @entity73358 and @entity73359 almost exhibited no activity, indicating that they are essential to bind substrate and facilitate opening of @entity4299 ring. Besides, His35- @entity4022 36- @entity2734 37-Pro38, Trp106 and Trp309 surrounding @entity2574 105, may coordinate the integration of active site cavity and influence substrate binding. Especially, W106I reversed the enantioselectivity, perhaps due to more deteriorative impact on the preferred @entity73360 . @entity4022 65 and Gly67 occurring at b-turns and Gly36 are vital in holding protein conformation. Conclusively, single conserved residue around the active sites has an important impact on catalytic properties.

title: Homology modelling and site-directed mutagenesis studies of the XXXX hydrolase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

entities_list: @entity3261 :: ('358', 'Species') :: ['Agrobacterium radiobacter']

entities_list: @entity4299 :: ('CHEBI:32955', 'Chemical') :: ['epoxide']

entities_list: @entity73360 :: ('CHEBI:45389', 'Chemical') :: ['(R)-styrene oxide']

answer: @entity4299 :: (CHEBI:32955,Chemical) :: ['epoxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: This report describes the change in @entity731 ( @entity731 ) among @entity101 adults referred for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) scan. METHODS: From Oct 1993 through July 2008, 20,994 @entity1 had @entity8 at our center. A total of 434 @entity101 @entity1 with two or more @entity8 exams without intervention comprised the study cohort. @entity1 demographics (blood pressures, medications, serum @entity1011 levels, and data from @entity8 ) were collected. Analyses of longitudinal changes in Doppler scan parameters, blood pressures, and renal function were performed by fitting linear growth-curve models. After confirming the linearity of change in Doppler scan parameters among @entity1 with variable number of studies, estimates of mean slopes were calculated using maximum likelihood techniques. For changes in renal function, quadratic growth curves were required to describe longitudinal change. RESULTS: A total of 434 subjects (212 @entity1 [49%] and 222 @entity1 [51%]; mean age, 64.6 +/- 12.2 years) provided 1351 studies (mean, 3.2 +/- 2.4; range, 2 to 18) for 863 kidneys over a mean follow-up of 34.4 +/- 25.1 months. At baseline, 20.6% of kidneys demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity850 . On follow-up, 72 kidneys (9.1%) demonstrated anatomic progression of disease. A total of 54 kidneys (6.9%) progressed to significant @entity850 and 18 (2.3%) progressed to occlusion. Controlling for progression of @entity8 status demonstrated a strong association with baseline kidney length (P = .0006). Significant annualized change in @entity8 was observed (cm change/year +/- standard error of the mean [SEM]: 0.042 +/- 0.011; P = .0002) among both kidneys with and without critical disease at baseline, however, decline in length was significantly greater among kidneys exhibiting progression of @entity455 (-0.152 +/- 0.028 cm/year; comparison of slopes between groups P = .0005). In the absence of progression, the presence or absence of critical @entity2791 at baseline did not affect the rate of decline in @entity8 . Fitted models for the natural log transform of serum @entity1011 demonstrated a significant increase during follow-up (P < .0001). No association was observed between change in serum @entity1011 and baseline @entity455 status, or its progression. CONCLUSION: A total of 32% of @entity101 adults referred for @entity8 demonstrated hemodynamically significant @entity2791 . Regardless of the presence or @entity66 , a small percentage of @entity1 demonstrated anatomic progression of @entity731 . A total of 9.1% demonstrated anatomic progression and 2.3% progressed to occlusion. Although anatomic progression of @entity731 was associated with an increased rate of decline in @entity8 , progression did not predict a @entity177 . Intervention for @entity731 should be selective and reserved for strict indications.

title: XXXX among @entity101 adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal length', 'renal duplex sonography', 'RDS', 'disease, baseline renal artery']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['absence of baseline disease']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['renal artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['decline in excretory renal function']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['AS-RVD', 'atherosclerotic renovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerotic renovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of non-operative management (NOM) of @entity99 , being the only @entity3511 , from gunshot wounds to the abdomen. METHODS: @entity1 who had @entity409 diagnosed as single @entity3511 caused by PAF in the right thoracoabdominal region, hemodynamically stable were studied. All underwent examination with computed tomography. Were analyzed: age, gender, levels of @entity130 , hemodynamic condition and the abdominal examination on admission, the results of the CT scan, the extra-abdominal lesions found, the serum levels of hemoglobin, clinical course, complications, length of hospital stay, outpatient treatment and @entity204 . RESULTS: during the study period 169 @entity1 , treated non-operatively, presented @entity409 wounds. Of these, only 28 @entity1 (16.6%) had @entity99 as the only @entity3511 and consequently met the inclusion criteria for this study. The average age was 27.7 years and 25 @entity1 (89.2%) were male. The overall average of verified @entity130 scores were: RTS 7.45, ISS 10.9, and TRISS 98.7%. The most frequent injuries were grade II and grade III (85.7%). Complications occurred in only one @entity1 who presented a progressive decline in hemoglobin. He underwent a CT scan which showed @entity409 . An arteriography was performed, which showed a successfully embolized @entity2548 . There were no deaths in the @entity1 sample. The average hospital stay was 5.3 days. CONCLUSION: isolated @entity99 in gunshot @entity1661 is uncommon. However, the NOM protocol for this @entity130 is safe and has low morbidity. This approach should only be followed in institutions with adequate infrastructure, where an experienced and cohesive team is able to follow a specific protocol, with rigorous periodic evaluation of its results.

title: Isolated XXXX injuries: nonoperative management is feasible?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver gunshot', 'blush in the liver parenchyma', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury']

entities_list: @entity2548 :: ('MESH:D001164', 'Disease') :: ['arteriovenous fistula']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic injury', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['type of injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['liver gunshot']


abstract: A 54-yr-old @entity1 was admitted to Hokkaido University Hospital, complaining of @entity221 , multiple @entity4841 , @entity4 erythema and face and @entity425 of extremities during the last 2 months. He was diagnosed as @entity6017 by acceleration of ESR, elevation of GOT, @entity6283 , @entity9153 , aldolase, moderate increases of collagen fibers in biopsy specimen of skin and his clinical signs. Although stools were positive for occult blood, the routine radiographic examination failed to detect the bleeding site in the upper GI. tract. However, in the double contrast picture of the @entity1819 , a very fine abnormal linear shadow was observed at the upper corpus of the lesser curvature. This linear shadow was a margin of the @entity5 , retrospectively. About 4 months later, abnormal @entity158 occurred and a mass was palpable in the left lumbar region, suggesting a @entity788 . He was operated on excising the @entity5 , but was performed only exploratory laparotomy because of the presence of intra-abdominal metastases. @entity204 occurred 40 days after the operation and necropsy was done. The gross anatomical findings of the abdomen showed a @entity5 as large as an @entity1 's head and its metastases to pancreas, lymph nodes, and greater and lesser omentum. Esophageal mucosa including esophagocardiac junction was intact. Histological examination of the intragastric @entity5 revealed a typical @entity957 with keratinization. According to the absence of the components of @entity420 and squamous metaplastic gastric mucosa of non-cancerous areas in the @entity1819 , it seemed likely to be a @entity957 . It was unknown about the precedence between the @entity5 and @entity6017 . There have been 11 cases of primary @entity957 in the world literature since 1968, but this is the first case report of coexistence of these two diseases.

title: [A case report of a primary @entity957 of the @entity1819 associated with XXXX (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic tumor']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stomach tumor', 'stomach cancer']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'heterotopic squamous cell carcinoma', 'pure squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

answer: @entity6017 :: (MESH:D003882,Disease) :: ['dermatomyositis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite broad clinical use of the American Association of the Surgery of @entity130 (AAST) injury scale for kidney, it has only been found to predict the need for renal surgery in single institution series. We sought to validate this scheme for morbidity and mortality in a national cohort of @entity1 with @entity8 . METHODS: A retrospective cohort design was used to determine the association between increasing AAST scores and nephrectomy, dialysis, and mortality. The cohort included all @entity1 with a @entity8 in the National @entity130 Data Bank (NTDB) from 1994 and 2003. Univariate and multivariate prediction models were used for analysis of data. RESULTS: At the time of review, a total of 742,774 @entity1 records were registered in the NTDB. @entity8 occurred in 8465 @entity1 (1.2%). Increasing injury grade was associated with a greater nephrectomy (RR 12-127), dialysis (RR 1.3-4.7), and mortality (RR 1.3-1.9) rate for blunt @entity8 . For penetrating injury, nephrectomy was the only outcome that was associated with higher grades of @entity8 with a RR of 7.7 to 31 for grades III to V @entity130 . CONCLUSION: The AAST injury scale for kidney predicts for morbidity in blunt and penetrating @entity8 and for mortality in @entity1913 . Thus, we continue to support its use as a clinical and research tool.

title: American Association for the Surgery of @entity130 Scale for kidney @entity130 predicts nephrectomy, dialysis, and death in @entity1 with @entity1913 and nephrectomy for penetrating XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1913 :: ('MESH:D014949', 'Disease') :: ['blunt injury']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['kidney injury', 'Renal injury', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'Trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ) and @entity120 ( @entity120 ), regions of their residence, the specific features of diagnosis and drug therapy, and the @entity1 ' survival within the framework of a multicenter open-label prospective study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study enrolled @entity1 over 18 years of age with @entity120 classified as Group 1 ( @entity120 ) and Group 4 ( @entity120 ). The follow-up was made in 9 expert centers of Russia on January 1 to February 28, 2014. The data of @entity1 with @entity120 and @entity120 were electronically entered at the register website: www.pul-hyp.medibase.ru. RESULTS: The study included 242 @entity1 (183 @entity1 and 59 @entity1 ) from 44 regions of the Russian Federation. @entity120 of different etiologies was present in 79.3%, including 43.8% with idiopathic @entity120 , 28.5% with @entity299 -associated @entity120 , 6.2% with diffuse connective tissue-associated @entity120 , 0.8% with hereditary @entity120 ; 20.7% were diagnosed with @entity120 . The @entity1 ' mean age at the inclusion in the register was 43.2    15.8 years; the median @entity120 duration was 4.4 years (1.4 to 10.6%). The distance covered during a 6-minute walk test was 395.2?111.1 m; the Borg dyspnea index was 3.4    1.4 scores and the functional class was 2.5    0.8. After right cardiac catheterization, the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 53.1    19.5 mm Hg; cardiac output, 3.8    1.2 l/ min; cardiac index, 2.1    0.6 l/min/m2; pulmonary vascular resistance, 1105    677.6 dyn  sec/cm5. A positive acute pharmacological test was seen in 16.3% of the @entity1 . The most common comorbidity was erosive @entity1066 of the gastrointestinal tract (23.5%), @entity101 (16.9%), and @entity28 (16.5%). 66% of the @entity1 received @entity120 -specific therapy: @entity7855 (51.6%), @entity12584 (20.9%), or iloprost (7%); 7.4% of the @entity1 were observed within the framework of clinical trials, 17.7% received combined therapy for @entity120 : 16.3 and 1.4% had dual- or triple-component therapy, respectively; 55.8% of the @entity1 took @entity460 antagonists, 61.4% had diuretics, 85.6% had antithrombotic drugs. The survival rates were 98% in the first year of the follow-up and 90.1% by the end of 2013. CONCLUSION: The formation of a national register of @entity1 with @entity120 and @entity120 makes it possible to introduce current approaches to diagnosing and treating the @entity1 of this category and to evaluate the efficiency and quality of rendered medical care and will contribute to the estimation of required health care volumes and the expenditure of public health resources.

title: [Pulmonary XXXX in Russia: the first results of the national register].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative lesion']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension', 'CTEPH', 'PH']

entities_list: @entity7855 :: ('MESH:C101426', 'Chemical') :: ['sildenafil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the long-term results of bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) intravesical therapy in relation to disease progression and recurrence in primary T1 high-grade (HG) @entity150 ( @entity150 ) confirmed by central pathological review. @entity1 AND METHODS: In all, 136 @entity1 from two university centres (Rotterdam, n = 49; Toronto, n = 87) were diagnosed with primary T1HG @entity150 . One experienced uro-pathologist reviewed all slides, ensuring all cases were indeed HG and that muscle was present in all specimens. @entity1 were treated with BCG induction (six instillations) after transurethral resection (TUR) of the @entity5 and followed with cystoscopy and urinary cytology. Predictors for recurrence, progression and survival were assessed with multivariable Cox regression models. RESULTS: Mean (range) follow-up was 6.5 (0.3-21.6) years. There were no significant differences for recurrence (P = 0.52), progression (P = 0.35) and disease-specific survival (DSS) (P = 0.69) between the two centres. Among the cohort, 47 @entity1 (35%) recurred and 42 (30.9%) progressed with a median time to progression of 2.1 years; 16 (38%) of these progressions occurred >=  3 years after the initial BCG course; 22 (16%) @entity1 who progressed died from @entity150 . Overall, 96 (71%) @entity1 had no evidence of disease at the last follow-up. @entity189 in situ was the only independent predictor for recurrence in multivariate analysis (P = 0.011). No independent predictors were found for progression. CONCLUSIONS: Conservative treatment with BCG is a valid option in primary T1HG @entity150 . Nevertheless, the aggressive nature of T1HG @entity150 is evident in the fact that 30% progressed, with a high proportion of these progression events occurring >=  3 years after BCG. Caution should be exercised when relying on the long-term effects of BCG, and close follow-up of these @entity1 should not be neglected.

title: Long-term follow-up of T1 high-grade XXXX after intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['BC', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Posterior horseshoe @entity292 with deep postanal space abscess is a complex disease. Most @entity1 have a history of @entity733 or surgery for @entity292 -in-ano. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity1 who underwent surgery for posterior horseshoe @entity292 with deep postanal space abscess were analyzed retrospectively with respect to age, gender, previous surgery for @entity292 -in-ano, number of external openings, diagnostic studies, concordance between preoperative studies and operative findings for the extent of disease, operating time, healing time, complications, and recurrence. RESULTS: There were 22 (88%) @entity1 and 3 (12%) @entity1 with a median age of 37 (range, 25-58) years. The median duration of disease was 13 (range, 3-96) months. There was one external opening in 12 (48%) @entity1 , 2 in 8 (32%), 3 in 4 (16%), and 4 in 1 (4%). Preoperative diagnosis of horseshoe @entity292 was made by contrast fistulography in 4 (16%) @entity1 , by ultrasound in 3 (12%), by magnetic resonance imaging in 6 (24%), and by physical examination only in the remainder (48%). The mean +/- SD operating time was 47 +/- 10 min. The mean +/- SD healing time was 12 +/- 3 weeks. Three of the 25 @entity1 (12%) had @entity6 . Nineteen (76%) @entity1 had undergone previous surgery for @entity292 -in-ano, while five (20%) had only perianal abscess drainage. Neither morbidity nor mortality developed. All @entity1 were followed up for a median of 35 (range, 6-78) months and no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Fistulotomy of the tracts along the arms of horseshoe @entity292 and drainage of the deep postanal space abscess with posterior midline incision that severs both the lower edge of the internal sphincter and the subcutaneous external sphincter and divides the superficial external sphincter into halves gives excellent results with no recurrence. When it is necessary, severing the halves of the superficial external sphincter unilaterally or even bilaterally in the same session does not result in anal @entity322 . Close follow-up of @entity1 until the wounds completely healed is essential in the prevention of premature wound closure and recurrence.

title: Fistulotomy and drainage of deep postanal space abscess in the treatment of posterior horseshoe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus type II']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal abscess drainage']

answer: @entity292 :: (MESH:D005402,Disease) :: ['fistula']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Combination therapy using existing anti-malarials together with @entity506 ( @entity5427 ) has been advocated as a method to slow the spread of drug resistance. We assessed the effect on @entity3964 transmissibility of the addition of @entity5427 to @entity503 (CQ) in an area of The Gambia where resistance to CQ is increasing. METHODS: Gambian @entity1 with acute uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 were treated with either CQ monotherapy (n=120) or the combination of CQ plus three doses of @entity5427 ( @entity5427 ; n=352). Post-treatment @entity458 was assessed during a 4-week follow-up period. Experimental infections of @entity313 s.s. mosquitoes were performed with blood from @entity1 who were carrying gametocytes 7 days after starting treatment (n=69). RESULTS: The addition of @entity5427 significantly reduced post-treatment prevalence and mean density of gametocytes in the first 14 days (day 7: 43.7% vs. 12.4%, 62.4/microl vs. 6.2/microl; day 14: 32.9% vs. 3.7%; 21.9/microl vs. 5.2/microl; CQ vs. @entity5427 ), although by day 28 the benefits of the combination were substantially less marked (40.5% vs. 21.8%; 23.0/microl vs. 63.1/microl; CQ vs. @entity5427 ). The duration of gametocyte carriage over the study period was significantly lower in the @entity5427 group (5.2 days vs. 1.5 days; CQ vs. @entity5427 ). The estimated infectious proportion of @entity1 at day 7 was also lower in the combination group (19.2% vs. 3.4%; CQ vs. @entity5427 ), as were the proportion of mosquitoes infected and mean oocyst density (11.5% vs. 0.9%; 0.3 vs. 0.01; CQ vs. @entity5427 ). Treatment failure was associated with threefold and twofold higher gametocyte carriage rates during follow-up in CQ and @entity5427 groups, respectively (P<0.001 in both cases), and 26-fold and 2.3-fold higher intensity of infection at day 7 among CQ- and @entity5427 -treated @entity1 , respectively (P=0.002 and 0.30, respectively). CONCLUSION: The benefits of adding @entity5427 to CQ monotherapy in lowering gametocyte prevalence and density were transient, suggesting that the addition of @entity5427 delayed, but did not prevent, the emergence of gametocytes. This is consistent with our finding that treatment failure, and thus the presence of CQ-resistant parasites, was significantly associated with a higher gametocyte carriage rate in both treatment groups. At day 7, CQ monotherapy significantly favoured transmission of resistant infections, which showed an 11-fold greater intensity of transmission compared with infections that were successfully treated. In contrast, the combination of @entity5427 did not significantly favour resistant infections at day 7. We conclude that significant transmission-reduction is achieved by the combination but is not maintained because of the recrudescence of CQ-resistant parasites.

title: Addition of @entity506 to XXXX for treatment of @entity3964 @entity311 in Gambian @entity1 causes a significant but short-lived reduction in infectiousness for mosquitoes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual-stage parasitaemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity503 :: (MESH:D002738,Chemical) :: ['chloroquine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8384 - @entity4879 @entity19 express a constitutively active (truncated) form of the @entity1 @entity1968 receptor which triggers development of @entity384 . In those hearts, we studied expression of gap junction proteins in relation to electrical impulse propagation. METHODS AND RESULTS: As compared to wildtype @entity19 , hearts of 4-6 month old @entity19 with 7-12 inserted @entity4879 copies are marked by an increased heart weight/body weight- and heart weight/tibia length ratio. 3-extremity lead ECGs revealed prolongation of the Q-j interval suggesting delayed ventricular activation. Mapping of electrical activity of epi- and endocardial left ventricular free wall revealed activation delay, increased heterogeneity in conduction and regional conduction block. @entity1165 did not occur spontaneously nor could be induced by ventricular pacing. Immunohistochemical analysis showed profound and heterogeneous redistribution and down-regulation of the gap junction protein @entity16899 ( @entity16899 ) in the left ventricular free wall. Here, @entity4879 expression induced re-expression of the hypertrophic markers alpha-skeletal actin and @entity8384 , and in 3 out of 10 severely affected @entity19 , re-expression of @entity16898 . Concomitant with changes in expression/distribution of @entity16899 , changes in expression and distribution of @entity12401 and @entity21043 (two other intercalated disk associated proteins) were observed. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8384 - @entity4879 transgenic hearts show heterogeneous re-expression of (early) sarcomeric genes while expression of @entity16899 , @entity21043 and @entity12401 is down-regulated. We postulate that the resulting aberrant ventricular activation does not trigger development of @entity943 due to the small size of remaining healthy ventricular tissue where the transgene is not expressed.

title: Remodeling of gap junctions in @entity19 hearts hypertrophied by forced XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular tachycardias']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['lethal arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A controlled study to evaluate a new technique for @entity4681 after @entity1566 in @entity35 . Alignment of implanted tissue-engineered scaffolds was assessed radiographically and by magnetic resonance imaging. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the stability of implanted scaffolds and the extent of @entity85 after spinal fixation. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Biodegradable scaffolds provide an excellent platform for the quantitative assessment of cellular and molecular factors that promote regeneration within the transected cord. Successful delivery of scaffolds to the damaged cord can be hampered by @entity893 following transplantation, which in turn, hinders the assessment of neural regeneration. METHODS: Radio-opaque @entity6680 -impregnated @entity7050 scaffolds were implanted into spinal transection injuries in adult @entity35 . Spinal fixation was performed in one group of animals using a metal rod fixed to the spinous processes above and below the site of injury, while the control group received no fixation. Radiographic morphometry was performed after 2 and 4 weeks, and 3-dimensional magnetic resonance microscopy analysis 4 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: Over the course of 4 weeks, progressive @entity1635 was evident in the unfixed group, where a Cobb angle of 8.13 +/- 2.03 degrees was measured. The fixed group demonstrated significantly less @entity1635 , with a Cobb angle measurement of 1.89 +/- 0.75 degrees (P = 0.0004). Similarly, a trend for less @entity1513 was evident in the fixed group (7.33 +/- 1.68 degrees ) compared with the unfixed group (10.13 +/- 1.46 degrees ). Quantitative measurements of the degree of @entity893 of the scaffolds were also significantly less in the fixed group (5 +/- 1.23 degrees ) compared with the unfixed group (11 +/- 2.82 degrees ) (P = 0.0143). CONCLUSION: Radio-opaque @entity6680 allows for visualization of scaffolds in vivo using radiographic analysis. Spinal fixation was shown to prevent @entity1635 , reduce @entity1513 , and reduce scaffold @entity893 within the transected @entity35 spinal cord. Using a highly optimized model will increase the potential for finding a therapy for restoring function to the injured cord.

title: Rigid fixation of the spinal column improves scaffold alignment and prevents XXXX in the transected @entity35 spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity6680 :: ('MESH:D001466', 'Chemical') :: ['barium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal rod fixation']

entities_list: @entity7050 :: ('MESH:C043435', 'Chemical') :: ['poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliotic deformities']

entities_list: @entity893 :: ('MESH:D017760', 'Disease') :: ['malalignment']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a single center. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1513 (PJK) and distal junctional @entity1513 (DJK) in @entity1 undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for @entity8322 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported risk factors for junctional @entity1513 include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data on 67 @entity1 (mean age 37) from a single center treated with instrumented fusion for @entity8322 were reviewed. All @entity1 had complete radiographic data with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 73 months). Abnormal PJK was defined by a proximal junctional angle greater than 10 degrees and at least 10 degrees greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. DJK was similarly defined between the caudal endplate of the lower instrumented vertebra to the caudal endplate that was 1 vertebra below. RESULTS: The incidence of PJK as defined above was seen in 20 @entity1 (30%). The development of PJK was associated with failure to incorporate the proximal end vertebra (15 @entity1 ), disruption of junctional ligamentum flavum (3 @entity1 ), or combination of both (2 @entity1 ). The most common cause of inappropriate end vertebra selection was poor visualization of the @entity1514 .DJK occurred in 8 @entity1 (12%) and 7 of them had fusion short of including the first @entity1797 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of PJK can be minimized by the appropriate selection of the upper end vertebra to be fused and avoiding disruption of the junctional ligamentum flavum. The development of DJK can be minimized by incorporation of the first @entity1797 into the fusion construct.

title: Incidence and risk factors for proximal and distal junctional XXXX following surgical treatment for @entity8322 : minimum five-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8322 :: ('MESH:D012544', 'Disease') :: ['Scheuermann kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['lordotic disc']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['upper thoracic vertebra']

answer: @entity1513 :: (MESH:D007738,Disease) :: ['kyphosis']