abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity583 ( @entity583 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity409 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity19812 on post-infarction @entity299 . @entity583 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 were used to probe mechanism. @entity19812 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity583 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity10407 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity519 was observed in the @entity19812 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity19812 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Furthermore, @entity19812 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity855 content, @entity3736 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity583 . Interestingly, @entity1 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity39915 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity19812 administration. @entity19812 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity583 . The protective effects of @entity19812 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity39915 inhibition.

title: XXXX alleviates post-infarction @entity299 by up-regulating autophagy through @entity39915 inhibition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['MI', 'MI injury', 'Myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity19812 :: (MESH:D047311,Chemical) :: ['Luteolin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5032 ( @entity5032 ) has recently been shown to selectively target @entity5 cells with minimal effects on normal cells. We systematically assessed the effects of @entity5032 in the treatment of @entity463 . METHODS: Three @entity11 cell lines, normal astrocytes, and endothelial cell lines were treated with @entity5032 . The effects of @entity5032 were then characterized for viability, @entity137 /apoptosis, and cell cycle effects. Statistical significance was determined with student's t-test. RESULTS: @entity5032 treatment decreases viability of @entity11 cells in a dose dependent manner, with the ID50 between 90-120 seconds for all @entity11 cell lines. Treatment with @entity5032 for more than 120 seconds resulted in viability less than 35% at 24-hours posttreatment, with a steady decline to less than 20% at 72-hours. In contrast, the effect of @entity5032 on the viability of NHA and HUVEC was minimal, and importantly not significant at 90 to 120 seconds, with up to 85% of the cells remained viable at 72-hours post-treatment. @entity5032 treatment produces both cytotoxic and apoptotic effects with some variability between cell lines. @entity5032 treatment resulted in a G2/M-phase cell cycle pause in all three cell lines. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study determined a multi-focal effect of @entity5032 on @entity11 cells in vitro, which was not observed in the @entity5 cell lines. The decreased viability depended on the treatment duration and cell line, but overall was explained by the induction of @entity137 , apoptosis, and G2/M pause. Future studies will aim at further characterization with more complex pre-clinical models.

title: Differential Effects of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in the Treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5032 :: ('MESH:C569627', 'Disease') :: ['Cold atmospheric plasma', 'CAP']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'non-tumor']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Malignant Glioma']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - @entity207 ( @entity1597 - @entity1598 ) were studied in six healthy male-castrate @entity7858 ( @entity7858 ) after intravenous (i.v.) or oral (p.o.) drug administration of 15 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 using a crossover design with a 2-week washout period. After 90 days one group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 30 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 and the other group (n = 3) was given a p.o. dose of 60 mg/kg @entity1597 - @entity1598 . After i.v. administration of 15 mg/kg of @entity1597 - @entity1598 the mean initial plasma concentration (C0) was 10.75 +/- 2.12 microg/mL for @entity206 ( @entity1597 ) and 158.3 +/- 189.3 microg/mL for @entity207 ( @entity1598 ). Elimination half-lives were 0.74 +/- 0.1 h for @entity1597 and 2.2 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The mean residence times were 1.45 +/- 0.72 h for @entity1597 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 h for @entity1598 . The areas under the respective concentration vs. time curves (AUC) were 2.49 +/- 1.62 microg h/mL for @entity1597 and 124 +/- 60 microg h/mL for @entity1598 . Total clearance (Clt) for @entity1597 was 21.63 +/- 9.85 and 1.90 +/- 0.77 mL/min kg for @entity1598 . The volume of distribution at steady state was 2.32 +/- 1.15 L/kg for @entity1597 and 0.35 +/- 0.09 L/kg for @entity1598 . After intragastric administration of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg the peak concentration (Cmax) of @entity1598 were 1.9 +/- 0.8, 2.6 +/- 0.4 and 2.8 +/- 0.7 microg/mL, respectively. The AUC was 9.1 +/- 5, 25.9 +/- 3.3 and 39.1 +/- 4.1 microg h/mL, respectively. Based upon these AUC values and correcting for dose, the respective bioavailabilities were 7.7, 10.5 and 7.94%. @entity206 was not detected in plasma after intragastric administration. These data demonstrate that therapeutic concentrations of @entity1597 - @entity1598 are not achieved after p.o. administration to @entity7858 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of @entity206 - @entity207 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7858 :: ('30538', 'Species') :: ['Lama pacos', 'alpacas']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity206 :: ('MESH:D014295', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimethoprim', 'trimethoprim']

answer: @entity7858 :: (30538,Species) :: ['alpacas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate of the efficacy and safety of 8 hours of continuous, low-level heatwrap therapy administered during sleep. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, parallel, single-blind (investigator), placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. SETTING: Two community-based research facilities. @entity1 : Seventy-six @entity1 , aged 18 to 55 years, with acute, nonspecific @entity1643 . INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were stratified by baseline @entity158 intensity and gender and randomized to one of the following treatments: evaluation of efficacy (heatwrap, n=33; oral placebo, n=34) or blinding (unheated wrap, n=5; oral @entity5018 , n=4). All treatments were administered for 3 consecutive nights with 2 days of follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary: morning @entity158 relief (hour 0) on days 2 through 4 (0-5-point verbal response scale). Secondary: mean @entity158 relief score (days 2-4, hours 0-8), mean extended @entity158 relief score (day 4, hour 0; day 5, hour 0), @entity121 , lateral trunk flexibility, and disability (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire). RESULTS: Heatwrap therapy was significantly better than placebo at hour 0 on days 2 through 4 for mean @entity158 relief (P=.00005); at hours 0 through 8 on days 2 through 4 for @entity158 relief (P<.001); at hour 0 on day 4 and at hour 0 on day 5 for mean @entity158 relief (P<.001); on day 4 in reduction of morning @entity121 (P<.001); for increased lateral trunk flexibility on day 4 (P<.002); and for @entity1643 on day 4 (P=.005). Adverse events were mild and infrequent. CONCLUSIONS: Overnight use of heatwrap therapy provided effective @entity158 relief throughout the next day, reduced @entity121 and disability, and improved trunk flexibility. Positive effects were sustained more than 48 hours after treatments were completed.

title: Overnight use of continuous low-level heatwrap therapy for relief of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['decreased low back disability', 'low back pain']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['daytime pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle stiffness']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether T cell activation, as reflected by levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R), soluble @entity5823 (sCD30), @entity688 and B cell activator of the @entity5 necrosis factor family ( @entity8410 ) at diagnosis and during initial follow-up, is predictive for persistent or renewed antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity and clinical relapse in @entity1 with @entity1333 associated with @entity7134 -antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies ( @entity7134 -ANCA). METHODS: 87 @entity1 with @entity7134 - @entity19417 and at least 2 years of follow-up were included in the study. At diagnosis, and at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after diagnosis, cytoplasmic ANCA titres were detected by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and @entity7134 -ANCA, sIL2R, sCD30, @entity688 and @entity8410 levels were assessed by ELISA. 31 healthy volunteers provided plasma samples for comparison. Levels of immune markers were related to ANCA positivity and relapse during follow-up. RESULTS: Plasma levels of sIL2R, sCD30 and @entity8410 were higher in @entity1 than in controls at all time points. Plasma levels of sIL2R, sCD30 and @entity688 were higher at diagnosis and relapse than during remission. At 18 months, sCD30 (p<0.001) and sIL2R levels (p = 0.01) were significantly higher in @entity7134 -ANCA-positive @entity1 (detected by ELISA) than in @entity7134 -ANCA-negative @entity1 . ANCA-positive @entity1 detected by ELISA or IIF at 24 months had significantly higher plasma sCD30 levels (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively) than ANCA-negative @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Increased T cell activation in @entity1 with @entity19417 in remission during and after immunosuppressive treatment is associated with persistent or renewed ANCA positivity.

title: Plasma levels of soluble interleukin 2 receptor, soluble @entity5823 , XXXX and B cell activator of the @entity5 necrosis factor family during follow-up in @entity1333 associated with @entity7134 -antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies: associations with disease activity and relapse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity19417 :: ('MESH:D056648', 'Disease') :: ['ANCA-associated vasculitis']

answer: @entity688 :: (3586,Gene) :: ['interleukin 10']


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to report the experience acquired at the Seoul National University Hospital with Holmium Laser Enucleation of Prostate (HoLEP), combined with mechanical morcellation for symptomatic @entity1067 ( @entity1067 ). METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on the clinical data of 309 consecutive @entity1 who underwent HoLEP at our institution between July 2008 and June 2010. All @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively for prostate volume by transrectal ultrasound, maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) score. Peri- and postoperative parameters were evaluated and @entity1 were followed-up at 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12- months with the aforementioned investigations. RESULTS: The @entity1 ' mean age was 68.3 (  6.5) years and mean prostate volume was 55.6 (  23.6) mL. Mean enucleation time was 56.2 (  25.1) minutes, mean morcellation time was 11.3 (  9.5) minutes, and the mean resected weight of the prostate was 20.8 (  16.9) g. The mean catheter indwelling period was 1.9 (  1.7) days and mean hospital stay was 2.9 (  1.5) days. Significant improvement was noted in Qmax, IPSS, and QoL at the 1-year follow-up compared with baseline (P<0.01). At 1 month 17.2% of @entity1 complained of irritative urinary symptoms, which were typically self-limiting within 3 months. Transient @entity3142 was reported in 15.2% of @entity1 . No @entity1 experienced persistent obstructive symptoms that required reoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that HoLEP is a safe and effective therapeutic modality for @entity1067 .

title: Holmium laser enucleation of prostate for XXXX : seoul national university hospital experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia', 'BPH']

entities_list: @entity3142 :: ('MESH:D014550', 'Disease') :: ['stress incontinence']

answer: @entity1067 :: (MESH:D011470,Disease) :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']


abstract: This prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to determine the value of prophylactic @entity6101 in @entity235 bites. Adult @entity1 with uninfected full-thickness wounds presenting within 24 hours of @entity130 were considered. Management consisted of cleansing, irrigation, debridement, and closure as indicated; no topical antibiotics were applied. @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive @entity6101 500 mg QID x 5 days or identically appearing placebo. Home wound care was standardized an @entity1 were observed at least every 2 days. Clinical assessment of infection was confirmed microbiologically. Sixty-three @entity1 were admitted and 46 completed the study. @entity6101 (22) and placebo (24) groups were identical in sex, age, number of wounds per @entity1 , wound location and type, number of open and closed wounds, delay to presentation, length of follow-up observation, medication compliance, and adequacy of @entity1 wound care. Two @entity281 of the hand occurred in @entity1 receiving @entity6101 ; no @entity281 were seen among placebo-treated @entity1 (P = NS). Prophylactic @entity6101 was not associated with improved outcome. We do not advise the use of prophylactic antibiotics in @entity235 bite injuries treated within 24 hours of accident.

title: Prophylactic @entity6101 in XXXX bite wounds.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6101 :: ('MESH:D010068', 'Chemical') :: ['oxacillin', 'Oxacillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: The electrical excitability of uterine smooth muscle cells is a key determinant of the contraction of the organ during labor and is manifested by spontaneous, periodic @entity2045 ( @entity2045 ). Near the end of term, @entity2045 vary in shape and size reflecting an ability to change the frequency, duration and amplitude of uterine contractions. A recent mathematical model quantified several ionic features of the electrical excitability in uterine smooth muscle cells. It replicated many of the experimentally recorded uterine AP configurations but its limitations were evident when trying to simulate the long-duration bursting @entity2045 characteristic of labor. A computational parameter search suggested that delayed rectifying K+ currents could be a key model component requiring improvement to produce the longer-lasting bursting @entity2045 . Of the delayed rectifying K+ currents family it is of interest that KCNQ and @entity9493 channels have been reported to be gestationally regulated in the uterus. These currents exhibit features similar to the broadly defined uterine @entity6763 of the original mathematical model. We thus formulated new quantitative descriptions for several IKCNQ and IhERG. Incorporation of these currents into the uterine cell model enabled simulations of the long-lasting bursting @entity2045 . Moreover, we used this modified model to simulate the effects of different contributions of IKCNQ and IhERG on AP form. Our findings suggest that the alterations in expression of @entity9493 and KCNQ channels can potentially provide a mechanism for fine tuning of AP forms that lends a malleability for changing between plateau-like and long-lasting bursting-type @entity2045 as uterine cells prepare for parturition.

title: Computational Modeling Reveals Key Contributions of KCNQ and XXXX Currents to the Malleability of Uterine Action Potentials Underpinning Labor.

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['action potentials', 'APs']

answer: @entity9493 :: (2078,Gene) :: ['hERG']


abstract: Importance: Contact @entity566 to @entity16880 (MI) or to the combined formulation of @entity16881 and MI (MCI-MI) has increased significantly, with a frequency of as much as 11.1% in @entity1 with @entity1909 ; however, few cohort studies in the US population have been reported. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of contact @entity566 to MI and MCI-MI and the outcomes of @entity1 with positive patch test reactions to MI and MCI-MI. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Retrospective medical record review of all consecutive @entity1 (n   =   703) presenting with possible @entity3408 and subsequently undergoing patch testing at a tertiary referral center from January 1, 2012, through November 30, 2014. Patch testing used the North American @entity5526 Group standard series. The MCI-MI concentration was 100 ppm; the MI concentration in the screening series increased from 200 to 2000 ppm in January 2013. Demographic data, exposures, and outcomes were reported for @entity1 with positive patch test reactions to MI and/or MCI-MI. Data were analyzed from December 1, 2014, through January 31, 2015. Main Outcomes and Measures: Positive patch test reaction to MI and/or MCI-MI and identification of the relevance of contact @entity566 to these preservatives. Follow-up after allergen avoidance was determined when available. Results: Of the 703 @entity1 who underwent patch testing, contact @entity566 to MI and/or MCI-MI occurred in 57 @entity1 (8.1%), with 35 reactions to MI only, 5 reactions to MCI-MI only, and 17 reactions to both. Prevalence of contact @entity566 to MI increased from 6 of 236 @entity1 (2.5%) in 2012 to 16 of 235 @entity1 (6.8%) in 2014. The most commonly affected sites were the hands and face. Contact @entity566 to MI and/or MCI-MI was occupationally related in 4 cases. Cosmetics, soaps and cleansers (including wet wipes), and hair care products accounted for all identified sources. Twenty-three @entity1 had follow-up data, and 17 of these (74%) improved with allergen avoidance. Conclusions and Relevance: The increasing prevalence of contact @entity566 to MI alone supports its addition to the standard series to identify cases missed by testing only for MCI-MI. Recent regulations by the European Commission have banned MCI-MI in all leave-on body products as of July 16, 2015. Currently recommended US regulations are less stringent; however, US regulatory agencies must act to ensure @entity1 safety.

title: Patch Testing for XXXX and @entity16881 - @entity16880 Contact Allergy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity3408 :: ('MESH:D017449', 'Disease') :: ['allergic contact dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity5526 :: ('MESH:D003877', 'Disease') :: ['Contact Dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity16880 :: ('MESH:C011506', 'Chemical') :: ['methylisothiazolinone']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity16881 :: ('MESH:C011421', 'Chemical') :: ['methylchloroisothiazolinone']

answer: @entity16880 :: (MESH:C011506,Chemical) :: ['Methylisothiazolinone']


abstract: In feminising @entity5 , @entity2931 can be either secreted by the @entity5 itself or produced by normal Leydig cells in response to paracrine and/or endocrine stimulation by @entity3566 . @entity5 patterns include: plasma @entity53 levels > 300 pmol/l on day 3 following an @entity3566 injection, reduced plasma @entity251 , and normal plasma @entity3566 and gonadotrophin levels. Except for elevated plasma @entity53 levels, opposite results are observed in @entity4797 . We report a case of @entity2931 -secreting @entity4797 mimicking a @entity5 . A 24-year-old Caucasian @entity1 had complained of gynaecomastia for 6 months before admission. Hormonal pattern was typical of @entity5 . A 1.4 cm @entity5 was found in the left @entity1062 and confirmed on sonography. Considering the likely diagnosis of @entity5 , the @entity1 was treated by tumourectomy. Surprisingly, pathological examination revealed a pure @entity4797 . Perifusion experiments showed that the @entity5 was able to secrete significant amounts of @entity53 . In addition, @entity3566 induced a two-fold increase in @entity53 production from perifused @entity5 explants. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the @entity5 was composed of nests of @entity4797 cells intermingled with lymphoid infiltrates. @entity5 cells also expressed aromatase, the @entity3566 / @entity10548 and the Leydig cell marker relaxin-like factor, but were betahCG-negative. These results demonstrate that a pure @entity4797 of the @entity1062 is able to synthesise and secrete @entity2931 . They also illustrate that the body of proof favouring the diagnosis of feminising @entity5 of the @entity1062 is not rigorously specific.

title: An XXXX -producing @entity4797 responsible for gynaecomastia.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogens', 'oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['testicular tumours', 'Leydig cell tumour', 'Tumour', 'Typical hormonal Leydig cell tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity4797 :: ('MESH:D018239', 'Disease') :: ['seminomas', 'seminoma']

answer: @entity2931 :: (CHEBI:50114,Chemical) :: ['oestrogen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of vaginosonography in predicting the presence of abnormal intrauterine findings at hysteroscopy in @entity1 presenting with abnormal uterine @entity548 . STUDY DESIGN: Two hundred thirty-eight @entity1 between the ages of 25 and 75 were evaluated for abnormal uterine @entity548 by a combination of vaginal probe ultrasound, hysteroscopy and suction curettage. Ultrasound findings were classified as normal, abnormal or equivocal, and hysteroscopic findings as normal or abnormal. The ability of findings on ultrasound to predict a normal or abnormal hysteroscopic examination was evaluated. RESULTS: Ultrasound examination was normal, equivocal and abnormal in 57 (24%), 78 (33%) and 103 (43%) @entity1 , respectively. If equivocal scans are excluded, ultrasound had a positive predictive value of 87%, negative predictive value of 89%, sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 89%. If equivocal scans are considered abnormal, the positive predictive value of an abnormal ultrasound examination was 75%, negative predictive value was 89%, sensitivity 96% and specificity 53%. Vaginosonography detected 99% of @entity1868 and 89% of @entity1478 . CONCLUSION: Normal and abnormal vaginal probe ultrasound examination of the uterus is effective in predicting the presence or absence of endometrial pathology as determined by hysteroscopy and suction curettage. Vaginal probe ultrasound is an excellent screening examination for the presence of intrauterine pathology and can assist in planning further evaluation and treatment.

title: Abnormal uterine XXXX . Accuracy of vaginal probe ultrasound in predicting abnormal hysteroscopic findings.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1868 :: ('MESH:D009214', 'Disease') :: ['submucous myomas']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['bleeding']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and immunoconjugates reactive with different antigens expressed by neoplastic cells can inhibit @entity5 growth. Use of these agents in combination with one another or with chemotherapy can exert additive or synergistic cytotoxicity against @entity5 cells. An augmented therapeutic activity with favorable therapeutic index might be attained when coexpression is observed on @entity5 cells, but not in normal tissues. In this study frozen sections of 19 @entity43 (2 stage I, 10 stage III, 2 stage IV, and 5 recurrent), as well as 29 normal tissues, were evaluated by immunohistochemistry using 11 distinct MAbs against @entity1722 / @entity19601 antibodies against @entity470 /p170 to assess coexpression of these receptors. @entity1722 / @entity19601 expression was detected in 5 to 100% of @entity43 and 0 to 50% of normal @entity43 , depending on the antibody used. @entity470 /p170 expression was detected in approximately 70% of @entity5 and 40% of normal ovaries by both antibodies. Coexpression of @entity19601 and p170 was observed in 47-68% of @entity43 and 9-18% of normal ovarian epithelial specimens depending upon the combination of antibodies used. Staining of 273 specimens from 29 normal tissues indicated that coexpression of @entity1722 and @entity470 is rare. Normal tissues that coexpressed both receptors in > or =50% of the cases included cervix, endometrium, esophagus, skin, and prostate. These data confirm that @entity1722 and @entity470 are more frequently expressed in advanced @entity43 than in normal ovarian epithelium and a significant fraction of these @entity5 coexpress both @entity1722 and @entity470 .

title: Coexpression of the @entity1722 gene product, p185HER-2, and XXXX , p170EGF-R, on @entity43 and normal tissues.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian epithelia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'tumors']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity170 prevention behaviors (OPBs) can prevent and delay @entity79 ; dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan can identify @entity170 and provide personal @entity170 risk information that may promote prevention behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to estimate relationships between receiving personal knowledge of bone mineral density (gained through DXA scan), general knowledge of @entity170 , health beliefs, and the two OPBs of @entity460 intake and weight-bearing exercise in healthy postmenopausal @entity1 50 to 65 years. METHODS: In this longitudinal, randomized clinical trial (including covariates), receipt of personal DXA information was manipulated by random assignment to the experimental or control group. The remaining antecedent and outcome variable measures were collected by questionnaire at three time points (initial [T1; pre-DXA], 6 months [T2], 12 months [T3]) and by bone density assessment from 203 @entity1 over an 18-month period in 2001-2003. RESULTS: The experimental manipulation (DXA results) had a direct positive effect (beta = .23, p < .05) on @entity460 intake at T2, and indirectly at T3 through T2. @entity1 in the experimental group who were informed they had @entity2331 or @entity170 had a greater T1-T2 change in daily @entity460 intake than those with normal bone density (beta = .23, p < .05). However, providing DXA results did not relate to change in exercise. Health beliefs and general @entity170 knowledge predicted initial @entity460 and exercise levels; there was tentative evidence that susceptibility beliefs partially mediate between DXA results and change in @entity460 intake. DISCUSSION: Personal knowledge of DXA results was related significantly to increases in @entity460 intake in postmenopausal @entity1 , but not to exercise. Directions for further study are discussed.

title: Structural model for XXXX preventing behavior in postmenopausal @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of oral extended-release @entity11440 for urge @entity322 in older female nursing home residents with mild to severe @entity73 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Twelve skilled nursing homes. @entity1 : Fifty @entity1 aged 65 and older with urge @entity322 and @entity73 . INTERVENTION: Four-week treatment with daily oral extended-release @entity11440 5 mg or placebo. MEASUREMENTS: @entity322 , urinary frequency, and total dryness assessed hourly over two 8-hour days (8 AM TO 4 PM), and evening and night nursing staff ratings of urinary symptoms. RESULTS: Of the @entity1 , 96% (n = 25) on @entity11440 and 92% (n = 22) on placebo completed the trial. Compared with baseline, both groups achieved a  significant median decrease in mean @entity322 and urinary frequency at 4 weeks (P  = .01-.05). There were no significant between-group differences in any urological outcome. In the exploratory analysis, there were no significant differences from baseline or placebo in any urological outcome with @entity11440 in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity73 and/or adequate mobility compared with @entity1 with more severe @entity73 . Staff ratings found that more @entity1 had improvement in urinary symptoms from baseline with @entity11440 than placebo but significant only for delaying evening voiding (P = .02). CONCLUSION: Extended-release @entity11440 5 mg per day for 4 weeks in older cognitively impaired female nursing home residents did not significantly reduce @entity322 and urinary frequency or achieve dryness. @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity73 were no more likely to benefit from @entity11440 than more severely impaired individuals in an exploratory analysis but further research in a larger population and perhaps using a larger dose is needed.

title: Efficacy of oral extended-release XXXX in cognitively impaired older nursing home residents with urge @entity322 : a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive and physical impairment', 'cognitive and/or physical impairment']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary incontinence episodes', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence', 'urinary incontinence episodes']

entities_list: @entity11440 :: ('MESH:C005419', 'Chemical') :: ['oxybutynin']

answer: @entity11440 :: (MESH:C005419,Chemical) :: ['oxybutynin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the prevalence and etiology of @entity972 abnormalities ( @entity1371 and @entity4144 ) and management approaches for hospitalized @entity1 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Over a 4-month period, all hospitalized @entity1 at Hacettepe University Medical Faculty Hospitals who underwent at least one measurement of serum @entity972 during hospitalization were included. Data on serum levels of electrolytes, demographic characteristics, cause(s) of hospitalization, medications, etiology of @entity972 abnormality and treatment approaches were obtained from the hospital records. RESULTS: Of the 9,045 hospitalized @entity1 , 1,265 (14.0%) had a serum @entity972 abnormality; 604 (6.7%) @entity1 had @entity1371 and 661 (7.30%) had @entity4144 . In the @entity8598 @entity1 , the most important reasons were gastrointestinal losses in 555 (91.8%) @entity1 and renal losses in 252 (41.7%) @entity1 . The most frequent treatment strategies were correcting the underlying cause and replacing the @entity972 deficit. Of the 604 @entity8598 @entity1 , 319 (52.8%) were normokalemic at hospital discharge. The most common reason for @entity4144 was treatment with @entity916 -angiotensin- @entity1369 system blockers in 228 (34.4%) @entity1 , followed by @entity177 in 191 (28.8%). Two hundred and ninety-eight (45.0%) @entity1 were followed without any specific treatment. Of the 661 @entity6564 @entity1 , 324 (49.0%) were normokalemic at hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of @entity972 imbalance among hospitalized @entity1 . Although most of the @entity972 abnormalities were mild/moderate, approximately half of the @entity1 treated for @entity1371 or @entity4144 were discharged from the hospital with ongoing dyskalemia.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX Abnormalities in Current Clinical Practice: Frequency, Causes, Severity and Management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity6564 :: ('MESH:D020513', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemic']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity4144 :: ('MESH:D006947', 'Disease') :: ['hyperkalemia']

answer: @entity972 :: (MESH:D011188,Chemical) :: ['Potassium']


abstract: Intravenous heparin therapy is often used in @entity1 presenting with @entity63 ( @entity63 ) or @entity64 as either bridging therapy for anticoagulation with @entity1229 , or as primary therapy in suspected intracranial @entity4066 , crescendo TIAs, or suspected hypercoagulable @entity3290 . We examined the use of a bolus of intravenous heparin at the start of anticoagulation during hospital admission for @entity1 with @entity63 or @entity64 . A subgroup analysis of a prospective, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was undertaken to examine the effect of providing an intravenous bolus of heparin prior to continuous intravenous maintenance heparin therapy. Pre-treatment clinical factors were comparable between subgroups. Thirty-three @entity1 received a bolus at initiation of therapy and 173 @entity1 did not. @entity1 receiving a bolus had a significantly higher first activated partial thromboplastin time at 6 h after initiation of therapy than @entity1 without bolus (87.6 +/- 36.3 versus 61.0 +/- 8.1 s). @entity1 receiving bolus achieved an initial activated partial thromboplastin time greater than the minimum threshold for the therapeutic range of anticoagulation (> 60 s) sooner than @entity1 without bolus (9.6 +/- 7.3 versus 14.5 +/- 10.8 h), but did not have a significantly greater chance of achieving therapeutic range (60-90 s). The fraction of time during which anticoagulation was therapeutic was similar between @entity1 receiving bolus or not. There was no significant difference between the number of @entity3459 results, total dosage of intravenous heparin received, complications due to anticoagulation, nor the times required for discontinuation of heparin and discharge from hospital between subgroups. The use of an intravenous heparin bolus during initiation of anticoagulation for @entity63 or @entity64 does not appear to be associated with greater risks and can achieve a minimum therapeutic range faster than therapy without heparin bolus.

title: The use of a bolus of intravenous heparin while initiating heparin therapy in anticoagulation following @entity63 or XXXX does not lead to increased morbidity or mortality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischemic attack', 'TIA']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['supratherapeutic coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4066 :: ('MESH:D020217', 'Disease') :: ['arterial dissection']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: PURPOSE: Increased evidence of subnormal neuropsychological functioning in new-onset @entity302 has been obtained, although results are still rare and controversial. With a prospective study, we aimed to define the very early neuropsychological profile of @entity1 with @entity302 with @entity1654 ( @entity25464 ), including executive functions (EF) because of their key role in learning. Additionally, we enrolled drug-na  ve @entity1 , with a NREM sleep frequency of discharges <85% and with a Performance Intelligence Quotient equal or superior to 85, in order to exclude additional effects on the neuropsychological functioning. METHODS: Fifteen school-aged @entity1 with @entity25464 (mean age: 8.8years, standard deviation [SD]: 2.4years) and fifteen healthy @entity1 (mean age: 9.2years, [SD]: 2.5years) were enrolled and assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The assessment included domain-specific standardized tests of language, EF, @entity4207 skills, @entity1957 , and short-term memory. A p-value<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Significant differences between @entity1 and controls emerged with respect to 3 domains. Language was affected in color naming (p=.026), spoonerism (p=.003), and phonemic synthesis (p=.009). Executive functions appeared inadequate in the five point test with respect to the number of correct figures (p=.003) and errors (p=.008). In the domain of @entity4207 skills, significant differences between groups emerged regarding the number of mistakes in nonword writing (p=.001), nonword reading speed (p=.027), nonword reading number of mistakes (p=.019), and word reading errors (p=.023). DISCUSSION: Results showed that @entity1 with new-onset @entity25464 may demonstrate a range of @entity409 , particularly affecting executive attention, despite a normal IQ, a low frequency of NREM sleep discharges, and the absence of drugs. These difficulties indicate a @entity75 with cascading effects on language and @entity4207 skills. The inclusion of EF in the assessment battery and in the intervention since the very onset is warranted in order to avoid further and persistent @entity4207 .

title: Neuropsychological profile in new-onset @entity302 with @entity1654 ( XXXX ): Focusing on executive functions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychological dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity1957 :: ('MESH:D019957', 'Disease') :: ['visuomotor and visuospatial skills']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['centrotemporal spikes']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['academic', 'academic difficulties']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['benign epilepsy', 'childhood epilepsy']

answer: @entity25464 :: (100379198,Gene) :: ['BECTS']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity882 ( @entity882 ) is a severe side effect of the prophylaxis of @entity1211 with unfractionated heparin. The aim of the present study is to gain more information on the incidence of @entity882 during prophylaxis of @entity1211 with low-molecular-weight heparin in elective hip surgery. METHODS: 586 consecutive @entity1 were included into the prospective study, who were admitted to hospital for elective hip replacement. The incidence of @entity882 , clinically manifest @entity1211 and of the heparin-induced IgG antibodies were analysed during prophylaxis with low molecular-weight heparin. @entity1 received once daily subcutaneously low molecular-weight heparin for a mean of 28 days postoperatively. Platelet counts and clinical examinations for the presence of @entity1211 were done at days 0, 2, 7 (+/- 1) and 12 (+/- 2). Heparin-induced IgG antibodies were determined before and after a 12 (+/- 2) days prophylaxis with low molecular-weight heparin in 265 of 586 @entity1 randomly. @entity1 were reexamined for @entity1031 complications after 3 and 6 months. The clinical suspicion of @entity1031 complication was documented objectively. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 developed a decrease of platelets of < 50% of the initial value. Ten of 265 @entity1 had elevated IgG antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 before prophylaxis (3.8%). After the 12 (+/- 2) days prophylaxis 13 of 265 @entity1 had elevated IgG antibodies (4.9%). C14 @entity750 assay was positive in 0 of 10 @entity1 before treatment and in 3 of 19 @entity1 at day 12 (+/- 2). Ten @entity1 developed @entity1211 postoperatively (8 x @entity1150 , 2 x @entity1151 , no fatal @entity887 ). Only 1/19 @entity1 with elevated antiheparin IgG titres developed @entity1211 . The C14 @entity750 assay was negative in this @entity1 . Two @entity1 died in the postoperative phase due to underlying @entity65 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with elective hip replacement prophylaxis of @entity1211 with low molecular-weight heparin was associated with a very low incidence of @entity882 , and hence screening for @entity882 antibodies is not required.

title: [ XXXX after elective hip joint replacement with postoperative prevention of @entity1031 with low-molecular-weight heparin].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia', 'HIT', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolism']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current study evaluated postirradiation @entity6437 in the oral cavity to investigate clinical and pathologic characteristics and incidence rates. METHODS: Between 1960 and 1999, 2719 @entity1 with @entity1544 were treated with radiation therapy at Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital. Of these, six @entity1 developed clinically polypoid @entity5 pathologically diagnosed as @entity6437 . Histopathology, immunohistology, and the clinical courses of these lesions were investigated. RESULTS: Spindled fibroblastic cells arranged in whorled patterns were common pathologic features. Immunohistochemical results showed reactivity for @entity2277 and smooth muscle actin and nonreactivity for cytokeratin. The latent period from the initial radiation therapy to the development of the @entity6437 ranged from 45 to 145 months (median, 79 months). The overall cumulative incidence of @entity6437 was 0.22% during the 40 year period. All six @entity1 were cured with simple excisions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1697 @entity1 treated with radiation therapy may develop @entity6437 in a low frequency with a shorter period than that of radiation induced @entity189 / @entity242 . @entity6437 was curable with surgery. @entity6437 should be added to the list of differential diagnosis for postirradiation oral polypoid masses.

title: XXXX : benign polypoid masses following radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['Oral carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor', 'pseudotumors', 'Pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity']

answer: @entity1697 :: (MESH:D009062,Disease) :: ['Oral pseudotumor']


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity1239 @entity734 level and the effects of low price @entity286 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity1239 @entity734 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity1239 @entity734 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity1 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity1 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity1 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity1392 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity1 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity1 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity1 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, @entity1239 @entity734 and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity1392 :: ('MESH:C537952', 'Disease') :: ['Republic of Northern Cyprus']

entities_list: @entity1239 :: ('MESH:D009538', 'Chemical') :: ['Nicotine', 'nicotine']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence', 'Dependence']

answer: @entity1392 :: (MESH:C537952,Disease) :: ['Republic of Northern Cyprus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that a greater 2-year decline in office-based functional performance measures would be associated with greater @entity393 and mortality in @entity1 with @entity3657 ( @entity3657 ). BACKGROUND: Associations of decline in functional performance with clinically important outcomes in @entity1 with @entity3657 are unknown. METHODS: A total of 440 @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3657 completed the 6-min walk test and measures of walking velocity at baseline and annually for 2 years. @entity1 were categorized into tertiles according to their functional decline between baseline and 2-year follow-up and were followed annually after the functional change assessment. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess relations between the 2-year change in functional performance with later mortality and @entity393 , with adjustments for age, sex, race, ankle brachial index, comorbidities, and other confounders. RESULTS: A total of 102 @entity1 (23.2%) died during a median follow-up of 44.5 months after functional change was assessed. Of 319 @entity1 without baseline mobility disability, 60 (18.8%) developed @entity393 after functional change was assessed. @entity1 in the tertile with the greatest 6-min walk decline had the highest subsequent @entity393 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.56 to 7.85; p = 0.002), all-cause mortality (HR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.28 to 3.64; p = 0.004), and @entity65 mortality (HR: 2.45; 95% CI: 1.08 to 5.54; p = 0.031), compared with those with the smallest 6-min walk decline. Greater declines in fastest-paced 4-m walking velocity were associated with higher @entity393 (p trend = 0.018), all-cause mortality (p trend = 0.01), and @entity65 (p trend = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity3657 with declining functional performance are at increased risk for later @entity393 and mortality.

title: Decline in functional performance predicts later increased @entity393 and mortality in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['mobility loss']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular mortality', 'cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['PAD', 'peripheral arterial disease']

answer: @entity3657 :: (MESH:D058729,Disease) :: ['peripheral arterial disease']


abstract: @entity703 represent a heterogeneous group of @entity5 arising from the malignant transformation of presumed diverse cell lineages. We recently demonstrated that @entity5 -specific up-regulation of human @entity6393 , a nonclassical HLA class Ib molecule that might be involved in immune evasion by @entity5 cells, frequently occurs in conventional (clear cell) @entity703 . We here examined whether @entity6393 activation is a common process affecting all types of @entity703 . We analyzed a series of 38 @entity982 -embedded @entity5 including clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct @entity189 , and @entity1637 . Seven of 12 (58%) clear cell @entity5 were positive by immunohistochemistry, whereas all of the other subtypes of @entity703 were negative for @entity6393 expression. Developing or adult normal renal tissue were devoid of @entity6393 expression. We also observed that ectopic expression of HLA class II antigens occurs more frequently in @entity1358 than in other subtypes of @entity703 . Moreover, in contrast to the common observation of a down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class Ia antigens reported in various @entity5 , the concomitant study of the same biopsies for classical HLA class Ia antigen expression revealed a general increase of HLA class Ia expression, regardless of histological subtypes. These results provide evidence for the heterogeneity of major histocompatibility complex expression patterns in @entity703 and support the hypothesis that specific mechanisms underlying the malignant transformation into @entity1358 up-regulate expression of @entity6393 and to a lesser extent HLA class II molecule expression. Considering the immunotolerant role of @entity6393 toward the immune response, these mechanisms may thus provide @entity1358 cells with additional means to escape immune surveillance.

title: Altered pattern of major histocompatibility complex expression in XXXX : @entity5 -specific expression of the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen-G molecule is restricted to @entity1358 while up-regulation of other major histocompatibility complex antigens is primarily distributed in all subtypes of @entity703 .

entities_list: @entity1637 :: ('MESH:D018249', 'Disease') :: ['oncocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma tumor', 'clear cell renal carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity6393 :: ('3135', 'Gene') :: ['leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G', 'HLA-G']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma', 'Renal epithelial cancers', 'renal tumors', 'renal epithelial tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal carcinoma']


abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity11558 in 89 @entity1 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity1582 . @entity11558 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity11558 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity229 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity1 receiving @entity11558 without @entity229 had an objective response, while two @entity1 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity1 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity1 treated with @entity11558 plus @entity229 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity1 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity137 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity1 on the higher-dose @entity11558 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity1 receiving low-dose @entity11558 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity1503 . Because all but one of the @entity1 responding to @entity11558 plus @entity229 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity229 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity229 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity11558 in multiple @entity1582 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity229 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of @entity229 to the effectiveness of XXXX in multiple @entity1582 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['cytopenias']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethylmelamine', 'hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity11558 :: (MESH:D006585,Chemical) :: ['hexamethylmelamine']


abstract: A physiological distinction between eating occasions may help account for contradictory findings on the role of eating frequency in energy homeostasis. We assessed this issue using a midafternoon eating occasion known in France as the go  ter that often consists of snack foods. Among the 24 male subjects, 8 habitually consumed four meals per day, i.e., were usual go  ter eaters (GE) and 16 habitually took 3 meals per day, i.e., usual non-go  ter non-snack eaters (NGNSE). All subjects were time blinded from lunchtime and had to request subsequent meals. Blood was continuously withdrawn and collected with a change of tube every 10 min until dinner request. During the session, 8 of the non-go  ter eaters (NGE) were offered a snack 210 min after lunch and were designated as @entity33480 ( @entity33480 ) if they ate. Results showed that the go  ter was preceded by high hunger scores and a linear decline in plasma @entity413 (-9.0+/-3.0%, P<.05) and @entity2690 concentrations (-22.9+/-6.0%, P<.05). These profiles were not observed before the snack. The dinner of GE was requested later and was smaller compared to NGNSE, whereas the snack altered neither time of request nor energy intake (EI) at dinner. Among blood variables, leptin at the onset of eating was the only factor that was predictive of both intermeal interval and EI. The @entity413 and @entity2690 profiles indicate that snacks should not be considered as meals in studies on the role of eating frequency in energy homeostasis.

title: A role for @entity413 and XXXX preprandial profiles to differentiate meals and snacks.

entities_list: @entity33480 :: ('MESH:C537274', 'Disease') :: ['NGSE', 'non-go  ter snack eaters']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: Targeted therapy (TT) provides highly effective @entity5 treatment for appropriately selected individuals. A major challenge of TT is to select @entity1 who would benefit most. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The study uses @entity5 material from 25 @entity1 primarily diagnosed with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 -derived xenografts (PDXs) are treated with cetuximab and @entity3866 . Treatment response is measured by @entity5 shrinkage comparing @entity5 volume at day 25 (V25) with @entity5 volume at baseline (V0). Shrinkage below 40% is considered as treatment response: V25/V0 < 0.4 (<40%). Furthermore, RNA-seq data from each @entity5 sample are used to predict @entity5 response to either treatment using an in silico molecular signaling map (MSM) approach. RESULTS: PDX response was 40% (10/25; 95% CI [21.13%, 61.34%]) under cetuximab and 20% (5/25; 95% CI [6.83%, 40.70%]) under @entity3866 . MSM predicted response was 48% (12/25; 95% CI [27.8%, 68.7%]) under cetuximab and 40% (10/25; 95% CI [21.13%, 61.34%]) under @entity3866 . Agreement between PDX and MSM response prediction is substantial under cetuximab and @entity3866 : 84% (21/25, P = 0.001) and 80% (20/25, P = 0.003). A total of 5 from the 25 @entity1 have been treated with cetuximab showing a clinical response identical to both predictions. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1149 @entity1 , this proof-of-concept study shows a considerable agreement in response prediction from MSM and PDX approaches, but MSM saves time and laboratory resources. Our result indicates the potential of MSM-based approach for clinical decision making when selecting @entity5 TTs. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2167-76.   2015 AACR.

title: Comparing @entity1 -Derived Xenograft and Computational Response Prediction for Targeted Therapy in XXXX of Early-Stage Large Cell Lung Cancer.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3866 :: ('MESH:C400278', 'Chemical') :: ['erlotinib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity23772 ( @entity11721 ) has been used in many fields as a coating of surgical instruments, with the purpose of creating materials more resistant to wear and corrosion and also reducing adhesion. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of @entity11721 -coated dental implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five @entity35 were used in this study. One hundred eighty 2 mm x 2 mm implants (P.H.I. San Vittore Olona, Milano, Italy) were used. The implants were divided into the following three groups: Group 1 (n = 60): 30 machined and 30 machined coated with Group 2 (n = 60): 30 sandblasted and 30 sandblasted coated with Group 3 (n = 60): 30 @entity702 plasma sprayed, 30 @entity702 plasma sprayed and coated with @entity11721 Four implants were placed in each @entity35 , two implants coated with @entity11721 on the right tibia and two uncoated implants on the left. The animals were killed after 5, 10, 20, 30, or 60 days. Another 18 implants were used for surface roughness analysis. RESULTS: The present study showed that the healing around the @entity11721 -coated implants was similar to that observed around the uncoated surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11721 coating demonstrated a good biocompatibility, did not have untoward effects on the periimplant bone formation, and did not change the surface roughness values.

title: Bone healing around XXXX and @entity23772 -coated dental implants with three surfaces: an experimental study in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity23772 :: ('MESH:C041500', 'Chemical') :: ['Titanium nitride']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE), the petroleum ether extract of B. javanica emulsified by phospholipid, is widely used in China as an anticancer agent. The extracts from B. javanica induce @entity5 cell @entity204 by various mechanisms; however, it is not known whether these mechanisms involve autophagy, which is an important process in @entity5 development and treatment. Thus, the current study aimed to investigate whether BJOE modulates autophagy in HCT116 @entity1 @entity694 cells and whether modulation of autophagy is an anticancer mechanism of BJOE. Immunoblotting was employed to analyze the protein expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light-chain 3 ( @entity21684 ), a specific protein marker of autophagy, in HCT116 @entity5 cells following exposure to BJOE. The apoptosis rate of the HCT116 @entity5 cells was detected by performing an @entity4404 - @entity2822 / @entity2667 assay. According to the effect of BJOE administration on autophagy in the HCT116 @entity5 cells (induction or suppression), a functionally opposite agent (autophagy suppressor or inducer) was applied to counteract this effect, and the apoptosis rate of the @entity5 cells was detected again. The role of autophagy (pro-survival or pro- @entity204 ) was demonstrated by comparing the rates of apoptotic @entity5 cells prior to and following the counteraction. The results revealed that BJOE suppressed the protein expression levels of @entity21684 , including the @entity21684 -I and @entity21684 -II forms, and induced apoptosis in the HCT116 @entity5 cells with a high level of basal @entity21684 . The apoptosis-inducing activity of BJOE was significantly attenuated when autophagy was induced by the administration of @entity7970 , an autophagy inducer. The data indicates that autophagy inhibition is involved in BJOE-induced @entity5 cell @entity204 , and that this inhibition may be a potential anticancer mechanism of BJOE.

title: Involvement of autophagy inhibition in Brucea javanica oil emulsion-induced @entity694 cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7970 :: ('MESH:D014199', 'Chemical') :: ['trehalose']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity2822 :: ('CHEBI:37926', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein isothiocyanate']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3971 -soluble modulins (PSMs) are amphipathic, pro-inflammatory proteins secreted by most @entity794 isolates. This study tested the hypothesis that in  vitro PSM production levels are associated with specific clinical phenotypes. METHODS: 177 @entity3256 -resistant @entity794 ( @entity794 ) isolates from @entity884 ( @entity884 ), skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI), and @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) were matched by geographic origin, then genotyped using spa-typing. In  vitro PSM production was measured by high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-squared or Kruskal-Wallis tests as appropriate. RESULTS: Spa type 1 was significantly more common in SSTI isolates (62.7% SSTI; 1.7% @entity884 ; 16.9% @entity2489 ; p  <  0.0001) while @entity2489 and @entity884 isolates were more commonly spa type 2 (0% SSTI; 37.3% @entity884 ; 40.7% @entity2489 ; p  <  0.0001). USA300 isolates produced the highest levels of PSMs in  vitro. SSTI isolates produced significantly higher quantities of PSMa1-4, PSMb1, and   -toxin than other isolates (p  <  0.001). These findings persisted when USA300 isolates were excluded from analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Increased in  vitro production of PSMs is associated with an SSTI clinical source. This significant association persisted after exclusion of USA300 genotype isolates from analysis, suggesting that PSMs play a particularly important role in the pathogenesis of SSTI as compared to other infection types.

title: Clinical XXXX isolates from skin and soft tissue infections show increased in  vitro production of @entity3971 soluble modulins.

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['methicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'MRSA', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['HAP', 'hospital-acquired/ventilator-associated pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['IE', 'infective endocarditis']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['MRSA']


abstract: Trefoil factor family (TFF) domain peptides consist of three members that play a @entity33 and repair, and in tumourigenesis. The role of the three TFF members in the @entity356 cascade remains poorly defined. This study examined seven gastric cell lines, 50 @entity356 and their adjacent non- @entity5 tissues, and tissues from 40 non- @entity5 @entity1 , in order to elucidate the chronology of TFF expression in various stages of @entity356 . TFF expression was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot. Aberrant expression of @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 was frequently detected in gastric cell lines. Specifically, @entity3559 was detected in all non- @entity5 @entity1 , but was detected in only 50% of @entity356 and 66% of adjacent normal tissues. @entity3560 expression was demonstrated in 87.5% of non- @entity5 @entity1 , 34% of @entity356 , and 58% of adjacent non- @entity5 tissues. There was a significant correlation between @entity3559 and @entity3560 expression in @entity356 and adjacent non- @entity5 tissues (p<0.001). By contrast, @entity3561 was detected in 25% of non- @entity5 @entity1 and showed a predilection for areas with @entity1944 (p=0.005). Sixty-two per cent of @entity356 and 24% of neighbouring non- @entity5 tissues showed @entity3561 expression. Immunoreactivity against @entity3561 was demonstrated in goblet cells of @entity1944 and within the cytoplasm and nuclei of @entity5 cells. Progressive loss of @entity3559 and @entity3560 , together with the induction of @entity3561 , is likely to be involved in the early stage of the multi-step @entity356 pathway.

title: Expression of trefoil peptides ( @entity3559 , @entity3560 , and @entity3561 ) in @entity356 , XXXX , and non-neoplastic gastric tissues.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['role in intestinal mucosal defence']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity1944 :: (MESH:D007410,Disease) :: ['intestinal metaplasia']


abstract: @entity2100 is the most common form of @entity1032 , and is caused by defects in the @entity10308 gene. @entity10308 is an RNA-binding protein and the syndrome results from lack of expression of @entity10308 or expression of a mutant protein that is impaired in RNA binding. The specific function of @entity10308 is not known. As a step towards understanding the function of @entity10308 we searched for proteins that interact with it in vivo. We have cloned and sequenced a protein that interacts tightly with @entity10308 in vivo and in vitro. This novel protein, @entity72045 , is very similar to @entity10308 (60% identity). @entity72045 encodes a 74 kDa protein which, like @entity10308 , contains two KH domains, has the capacity to bind RNA and is localized to the cytoplasm. The @entity72045 gene is located on @entity1 chromosome 17 at 17p13.1. In addition, @entity10308 and @entity72045 interact tightly with the recently described autosomal homolog @entity38038 . Each of these three proteins is capable of forming heteromers with the others, and each can also form homomers. @entity38038 and @entity72045 are thus likely to play important roles in the function of @entity10308 and in the pathogenesis of the @entity2100 .

title: The XXXX protein interacts with novel homologs @entity38038 and @entity72045 .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['Fragile X Mental Retardation Syndrome']

answer: @entity2100 :: (MESH:D005600,Disease) :: ['fragile X mental retardation syndrome']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The metabotropic @entity3264 receptor 5 ( @entity10092 ) is a high interest target for PET imaging as it plays a role in several pathologies, including addiction, @entity161 and @entity2100 . METHODS: We studied the pharmacokinetics of @entity73277 , a selective PET radioligand for @entity10092 , and used it to quantify @entity10092 in @entity35 brain. Quantification was performed using both arterial sampling in combination with compartment models as well as simplified reference methods. SRTM, MRTM0, and Logan Non-Invasive were tested as reference models with BPND as outcome parameter. Additionally, test-retest scans were performed in six animals. RESULTS: @entity73277 uptake in @entity35 brain was consistent with its known distribution. No radiometabolites were present in the brain and binding was specific as shown in blocking experiments, which also confirmed the cerebellum as a viable reference region. A two tissue compartment model was used to determine BPND for the striatum (11.7  1.5), nucleus accumbens (10.6  2.0), hippocampus (9.0  1.2), cortex (7.2  1.0) and thalamus (4.0  0.9). Reference methods were able to estimate these values with small bias (<2%). Test-retest analysis showed high repeatability between scans below 6 %, also for shorter scan durations of 30 and 60 min. CONCLUSION: Due to its favorable reversible kinetics, high specificity and absence of brain radiometabolites @entity73277 proves a highly useful tracer for in vivo visualization of the @entity10092 in @entity35 brain. Moreover, reference tissue models allow non-invasive, rapid scanning with good test-retest.

title: Preclinical evaluation and quantification of 18F-FPEB as a radioligand for PET imaging of the metabotropic XXXX receptor 5.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['fragile X syndrome']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the "good-old-days" bias, neuropsychological functioning and cued recall of life events on self-concept change. Forty seven adults with @entity131 (70% male, 1-5 years post-injury) and 47 matched controls rated their past and present self-concept on the @entity542 Semantic Differential Scale (HISD) III. @entity131 @entity1 also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests. The matched control group of 47 were from a sample of 78 uninjured @entity1 who were randomised to complete either the Social Readjustment Rating Scale-Revised (cued recall) or HISD (non-cued recall) first. Consistent with the good-old-days bias, @entity1 with @entity131 rated their pre-injury self-concept as more positive than their present self-concept and the present self-concept of controls (p   <   .05). More positive pre-injury self-concept ratings were related to lower estimated premorbid IQ and poorer verbal fluency and delayed memory (p   <   .05). For uninjured @entity1 , cued recall, life events and event appraisals each accounted for unique variance in self-concept change (p   <   .01) after controlling for negative affect. The cued recall group rated their past self-concept as significantly more negative than the non-cued group (p   <   .01). Overall, the good-old-days bias, neuropsychological functioning and cued recall influenced reports of self-concept change by affecting retrospective ratings of past self-concept. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of contextual cues on self-concept change after @entity131 .

title: A biopsychosocial investigation of changes in self-concept on the XXXX Semantic Differential Scale.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head Injury']

answer: @entity542 :: (MESH:D006259,Disease) :: ['Head Injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Encapsulated in vitro follicle growth (eIVFG) has great potential to provide an additional fertility preservation option for young @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity5 or other reproductive health threatening diseases. Currently, follicles are cultured for a defined period of time and analyzed as a cohort. However, follicle growth is not synchronous, and culturing follicles for insufficient or excessive times can result in compromised gamete quality. Our objective is to determine whether the selection of follicles based on size, rather than absolute culture time, better predict follicle maturity and oocyte quality. Multilayer secondary @entity19 follicles were isolated and encapsulated in 0.25% alginate. Follicles were cultured individually either for defined time periods or up to specific follicle diameter ranges, at which point several reproductive endpoints were analyzed. The metaphase II (MII) percentage after oocyte maturation on day 6 was the highest (85%) when follicles were cultured for specific days. However, if follicles were cultured to a terminal diameter of 300-350  m irrespective of absolute time in culture, 93% of the oocytes reached MII. More than 90% of MII oocytes matured from follicles with diameters of 300-350  m showed normal spindle morphology and chromosome alignment, 85% of oocytes showed 2 pronuclei after @entity52 ( @entity52 ), 81% developed into the 2-cell embryo stage, and 38% developed to the blastocyst stage, all significantly higher than the percentages in the other follicle size groups. Our study demonstrates that size-specific follicle selection can be used as a non-invasive marker to identify high quality oocytes and improve reproductive outcomes during eIVFG.

title: Size-specific follicle selection improves XXXX oocyte reproductive outcomes.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity52 :: ('MESH:C566179', 'Disease') :: ['IVF', 'in vitro fertilization']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1643 during pregnancy (LBPP) in an Australian population. DESIGN: A representative population-based survey of @entity1 aged 15 years and older. SETTING AND SAMPLE: Four thousand four hundred randomly selected South Australian households were visited by trained surveyors who interviewed 1531 @entity1 (69.7% response rate) using pre-tested questions. METHODS: The South Australian Health Omnibus survey was utilised. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data were collected along with details of previous pregnancies, and degree of @entity615 during pregnancy treatment regimens, and persistence of @entity615 . RESULTS: Thirty-five and a half per cent of @entity1 recall having at least moderately severe @entity615 during pregnancy. @entity1 who reported such @entity615 were younger, were more likely to report ill health and be unemployed. Increasing parity was not associated with current @entity615 . The most commonly used treatments were bed rest, @entity158 killing medication, physiotherapy, and chiropractic treatment. Half of those with symptoms were untreated. Sixty-eight per cent of @entity1 who experienced moderate or worse @entity1643 during pregnancy continued to experience recurring @entity1643 with a self reported reduction in their health. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1643 is commonly associated with an onset in pregnancy subjectively contributing to long-term morbidity The high prevalence may be an underestimate in view of the potential for recall bias in older @entity1 .

title: The prevalence of recalled XXXX during and after pregnancy: a South Australian population survey.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['back pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic low back pain', 'low back pain']

answer: @entity1643 :: (MESH:D017116,Disease) :: ['low back pain']


abstract: This study has quantified the effects of insulin treatment with and without @entity3650 reductase inhibitor (ponalrestat) on intestinal epithelial cell morphology in @entity3839 - @entity6 @entity35 . Epithelial volumes, villous and microvillous surface areas and mean volumes of cells (and their nuclei) in crypts and villi were estimated in each of four segments and in the entire intestine. We derived total numbers of cells, quantified the ultrastructural features of average cells and explored variation along the intestine and between experimental groups. In crypts, insulin and ponalrestat had significant effects on cell number (reduced towards normal values) and size (volume and apex area increased beyond normal values). There were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat for cell volume and apex area (insulin producing more exaggerated effects when given without @entity5120 ). On villi, insulin and ponalrestat returned cell numbers towards normal values but neither treatment normalised cell size or the number and area of microvilli per cell. Indeed, ponalrestat increased microvillous number and area beyond values found in untreated @entity6 animals. Again, there were interaction effects between insulin and ponalrestat. Patterns of segmental variation seen in crypts of normal @entity35 (values tending to be higher in proximal or mid-intestinal regions) were not preserved, and only some of the segmental differences seen on villi (higher values at proximal or mid-intestinal sites) were maintained during therapy. Apart from reducing the abnormally high numbers of cells in untreated @entity6 @entity35 , these results show that insulin and ponalrestat treatment fail to restitute epithelial cell morphology in the small intestines of experimental @entity6 @entity35 .

title: Number and ultrastructure of epithelial cells in crypts and villi along the XXXX - @entity6 small intestine: a quantitative study on the effects of insulin and @entity3650 reductase inhibition.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity5120 :: ('MESH:C042829', 'Chemical') :: ['ponalrestat']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity439 (PVAs) are rare, and the pathogenesis is not fully understood. The optimum management of these @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity939 were identified over an 18-year period (1992-2010). A retrospective review was conducted. Clinical presentation, modality of diagnosis, surgical treatment, 30-day morbidity and mortality, and follow-up are reported. RESULTS: Four @entity1 were identified who underwent surgical management of an extrahepatic @entity939 . Operative technique using left renal vein, femoral vein panel graft, @entity736 (ePTFE) graft, and segmental @entity439 wall resected with aneurysmorrhaphy is described. Early complications occurred in 1 @entity1 with an ePTFE graft. The @entity1 returned to the operating room for @entity548 . In addition, the same @entity1 had a late graft @entity715 6 years postoperatively when the anticoagulation was discontinued for pregnancy. The remainder of the @entity1 recovered without complication, and their repairs are still patent with a mean follow-up of 78  months (17-144  months). There were no mortalities in the series. CONCLUSIONS: Operative intervention for portomesenteric @entity439 can be done safely in select @entity1 and should be considered in those with symptoms, rapid growth, mural @entity715 , or @entity439 >= 4  cm in diameter. Repair with an autogenous interposition graft affords good long-term patency. Aneurysmorrhaphy may be performed if the remaining venous wall is of good quality.

title: Operative Interventions for Extrahepatic XXXX and Long-Term Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'Extrahepatic portal venous aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'venous aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis', 'thrombus']

answer: @entity439 :: (MESH:D000783,Disease) :: ['Portomesenteric Venous Aneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of the current study was to investigate basic emotions and attachment in a sample of 86 @entity64 @entity1 . We included a control group of 115 orthopedic @entity1 (matched for age and cognitive status) without @entity75 to control for unspecific general illness effects of a traumatic recent event on basic emotions and attachment. In order to measure basic emotions and attachment style we applied the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) and the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). The @entity64 @entity1 showed significantly different scores in the SEEKING, SADNESS, and ANGER subscales of the ANPS as well as in the Relationship as Secondary Attachment dimension of the ASQ when compared to the control group. These differences show a pattern influenced by lesion location mainly as concerns basic emotions. Anterior, medial, left, and subcortical @entity1 provide scores significantly lower in ANPS-SEEKING than the control group; ANPS-SADNESS scores in anterior, right, medial, and subcortical @entity1 were significantly higher than those of the control group. ANPS-ANGER scores in posterior, right, and lateral @entity1 were significantly higher than those in the control group; finally, the ANPS-FEAR showed slightly lower scores in posterior @entity1 than in the control group. Minor effects on @entity75 were also individuated in the attachment style. @entity75 @entity1 showed a significantly higher average score in the ASQ-Need for Approval subscale than the control group. ASQ-Confidence subscale scores differed significantly in @entity64 @entity1 with lesions in medial brain regions when compared to control subjects. Scores at ANPS and ASQ subscales appear significantly more correlated in @entity64 @entity1 than in the control group. Such finding of abnormalities, especially concerning basic emotions in @entity64 brain-lesioned @entity1 , indicates that the effect of @entity75 may enhance the interrelation between basic emotions and attachment with respect to the control group.

title: Do @entity75 in XXXX affect basic emotions and attachment?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions', 'Anterior lesion']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Commensal bacteria and @entity1474 ( @entity5204 ) have both been shown independently to modulate immune responses. This study tested the hypothesis that the different colonic immunomodulatory responses to commensal ( @entity24046 ) and pathogenic bacteria ( @entity526 and @entity794 ) may be modified by @entity5204 . Experiments used a Transwell system combining the colorectal cell line HT29, or its mucous secreting sub-clone HT29- @entity1500 , with peripheral blood mononuclear cells to analyse immunomodulatory signalling in response to bacteria, with and without prior treatment with @entity1426 , @entity7784 or @entity4600 . @entity24046 increased transforming growth factor b1 (TGF-b1) mRNA and protein secretion in colonic cell lines when compared with controls, an effect that was enhanced by pre-treatment with @entity7784 . In contrast, the Gram-negative pathogen @entity32177 had no significant effect on TGF-b1 protein. @entity24046 also increased IL-8 mRNA but not protein while @entity526 increased both; although differences between @entity5204 treatments were detected, none were significantly different to controls. Colonic epithelial cells show different immunomodulatory signalling patterns in response to the commensal @entity24046 compared to @entity526 and @entity794 and pre-treatment of these cells with @entity5204 can modify responses. Practical applications: We have demonstrated an interaction between dietary @entity5204 and epithelial cell response to both commensal and pathogenic bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract by utilising in vitro co-culture models. The data suggest that n-3 @entity5204 may provide some protection against the potentially damaging effects of pathogens. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of combining n-3 @entity5204 and the commensal bacteria, and potential probiotic, @entity24046 are illustrated by the increased expression of immunoregulatory TGF-b1.

title: @entity1474 modify expression of TGF-b in a co-culture model ultilising human colorectal cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to @entity24046 , XXXX and @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity24046 :: ('1596', 'Species') :: ['Lactobacillus gasseri', 'L. gasseri']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: Membranous dressings for the treatment of partial and mixed @entity4808 are among the most innovative and promising new developments of the last years. In this study, we present data of a randomised prospective comparative study on a carboxymethylcellulose based dressing, Hydrofibre((R)) and glycerolized @entity1 allograft skin. In a 2 year period, 80 @entity1 (40 for each material) were enrolled in the trial. Study wounds (<10% TBSA) that had not re-epithelialised after 14+/-3 days were debrided and grafted or, if small enough, managed with a topical antimicrobial agent. Mean total TBSA was 8.3+/-5.2%, study burn 3.7+/-2.0% for the Hydrofibre((R)) group and 7.3+/-4.3% total, 3.4+/-2.1% study burn for the allograft skin group (n.s. Wilcoxon rank sum test). No significant differences between groups were established in number of @entity1 with superficial/deep burns. In both groups about 2/3 of the @entity1 healed completely with the dressings applied (24/40 versus 27/40 for Hydrofibre((R)) versus allograft skin, respectively). However, a higher incidence of post-study excision and grafting was found in the Hydrofibre((R)) group (45% versus 15% in the allograft skin group, P=0.004, Mann-Whitney). At 10 weeks follow-up no significant differences were seen in scar colour, pigmentation, pliability, height or itching (Vancouver Scar Scale). Skin elasticity, measured by the Cutometer((R)), was significantly better for the allograft group (P=0.010, Wilcoxon). These differences were no longer found at 6 months and 1 year follow-up. Incidence of @entity1184 after 6 months was higher, but not significantly, in the Hydrofibre((R)) compared to the allograft skin group (52.5% versus 30%, P=0.09, chi-square). In view of the results from our comparative study on Hydrofibre((R)) versus allograft skin, we prefer the use of allograft skin for the category of larger burns of @entity92 , usually presented to burn centres. However, for partial thickness and small burns Hydrofibre((R)) can be the first choice in treatment.

title: A randomised clinical trial comparing a hydrocolloid-derived dressing and glycerol preserved allograft skin in the management of partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity92 :: ('MESH:D007222', 'Disease') :: ['mixed depth']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['thickness burns']

answer: @entity4808 :: (MESH:D002056,Disease) :: ['thickness burns']


abstract: We entered 60 @entity1 with @entity2835 in a double-blind randomized controlled trial to determine whether @entity3812 is therapeutically effective. Thirty @entity1 had @entity66 (Stages 1 and 2), and 30 had @entity1442 (Stages 3 and 4). Fifteen @entity1 with @entity66 and 15 with @entity1442 received @entity3812 (0.6 mg twice daily), and the remainder received placebo. @entity1 were studied about every two months; those remaining in the blind phase at two years underwent repeat liver biopsy and were then placed on open-label @entity3812 (0.6 mg twice daily). With a few exceptions, the results in @entity1 with @entity66 were similar to those in @entity1 with @entity1442 ; hence, data on @entity1 in all stages were combined in the main analysis. During the two-year study period the @entity3812 -treated @entity1 , as compared with the placebo-treated @entity1 , had improvement in levels of serum albumin, serum @entity648 , alkaline phosphatase, @entity165 , and aminotransferases. However, there was no such improvement in the severity of symptoms or physical findings; moreover, there was no significant difference in the histologic changes noted at liver biopsy in the two treatment groups. At four years after entry, the cumulative mortality from @entity409 was 21 percent in @entity1 given @entity3812 and 47 percent in those given placebo (P = 0.05). The only side effect of @entity3812 was @entity294 , noted in three @entity1 . The consistent and significant improvement in a number of markers of @entity409 and the apparent decreased mortality from @entity409 suggest that @entity3812 may provide some long-term clinical benefit in @entity1 with @entity2835 . However, the failure of @entity3812 to reduce @entity99 and @entity82 leaves uncertain the effect of the drug on the longterm outcome of this disease.

title: A prospective trial of @entity3812 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2835 :: ('MESH:D008105', 'Disease') :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity2835 :: (MESH:D008105,Disease) :: ['primary biliary cirrhosis']


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Sixty-four @entity1 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity1 had associated @entity1575 . @entity1259 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity5 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity1 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity1726 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity1 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity236 , and @entity1665 . @entity1370 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity1 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity632 demonstrated that @entity1259 is more effective than @entity632 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity1259 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity157 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity1259 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity1259 in the treatment of @entity157 . XXXX Study Group for @entity157 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity1259 :: ('MESH:D015251', 'Chemical') :: ['epirubicin', 'Epirubicin']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal complaints']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity1259 :: (MESH:D015251,Chemical) :: ['Epirubicin']


abstract: @entity1148 in the course of @entity102 like @entity4018 ( @entity4018 ) and of course essential @entity1148 (ET), are characterized by life-threatening complications. In a number of clinical trials the recently introduced drug Agrylin((R)) has proven to be very effective. The normalization of the platelet count was related to an interference with megakaryocyte maturation leading to a left-shifting of this cell lineage and/or a reduced proliferation. However, until now no systematic study has been performed on the relationship between development of megakaryopoiesis and proliferative activity. In this investigation we included 10 @entity1 with @entity4018 and 5 @entity1 with ET that had received Agrylin((R)) for a period ranging between 6 and 70 months. Following therapy this cohort revealed a decrease in the platelet count from 1,104x10(9)/l at diagnosis to 485x10(9)/l. In this context we focused on an immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of the @entity1428 (+) megakaryopoiesis involving also endomitotic reduplication, by applying a double-immune incubation technique with the @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ). Moreover, we determined the changes of fiber density during observation time. According to our results, the @entity882 effect of Agrylin((R)) is based on an arrest in the dynamics of megakaryocyte maturation towards large (mature) platelet-shedding (polyploid) cells. This pathomechanism causes a significant increase in the number of promegakaryoblasts and megakaryoblasts. On the other hand, the total amount of @entity1428 (+) megakaryocytic cells is not increased. Related to the peculiar cell biology of endomitotic reduplication during the maturation process and its different periods alloted to each single step, @entity1364 activity (late G1- and S-phase of the cell cycle) is found to be enhanced in the megakaryocyte precursors. Finally, no significant influence of Agrylin((R)) on the evolution of @entity4018 is detectable and there is a general improvement of hematological data especially in @entity4018 .

title: [Anagrelide-induced changes of megakaryopoiesis during therapy of XXXX with @entity1148 ].

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocythemia', 'Thrombocythemia']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity4018 :: ('MESH:D055728', 'Disease') :: ['cIMF', 'myelofibrosis', 'chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic myeloproliferative disorders']