abstract: Background. Intensity of exercise and low energy consumption, specific type and amount of training, early age at initiation, previous @entity1866 , low body mass index (BMI) or percentage body fat, pathological feeding habits and @entity1642 have been suggested as potential factors accountable for @entity1866 in female athletes.Aim. To evaluate the influence of intensive training and of dietetic and anthropometric factors on menstrual cycles in female ballet dancers.Method. A case-control study, in which a structured interview and physical examination were carried out in two groups of teenagers aged between 12 and 18 years. The study included a total of 115 adolescent @entity1 distributed in two groups: dancers (group B, n = 38) and @entity1 of the same age not engaged in any sports activity (group C, n = 77).Results. Early starting high-intensity training delayed the onset of menarche ( p < 0.001). Dancers had a higher prevalence of @entity2589 and @entity2588 than control @entity1 ( p = 0.004). Additionally, the dancers had lower scores in anthropometric variables: breast circumference 80 cm vs. 86.6 cm for controls ( p = 0.0001), low weight in 18% of dancers vs. 2.6% of controls ( p = 0.0001), and low height in 18% of dancers vs. 9% of controls ( p = 0.016). In addition, in dancers, low BMI was observed in 21% compared with 13% of controls ( p = 0.0001). Finally, 32% of the dancers were on a weight-control diet while this percentage decreased to 12% for the @entity1 in control group (odds ratio = 3.49, 95% confidence interval = 1.31-9.25).Conclusions. In ballet dancers, high-intensity training was associated with late onset of menarche, @entity1866 , lower weight and height development, and abnormal feeding behaviors.

title: Influence of high-intensity training and of dietetic and anthropometric factors on XXXX in ballet dancers.

entities_list: @entity2588 :: ('MESH:D000568', 'Disease') :: ['amenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual disorders', 'menstrual irregularities', 'menstrual dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity2589 :: ('MESH:D009839', 'Disease') :: ['oligomenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['psychological stress']

answer: @entity1866 :: (MESH:D008599,Disease) :: ['menstrual cycle disorders']


abstract: In the early 1950s before antidepressants were in use, I conceived the idea of treating @entity1 with pure @entity308 by having them abstain from night sleep for two or more nights. The idea was based on several clinical observations: "It looks as if sleep as such has an unfortunate influence on the state of the @entity308 and as if the organism itself resists the sleep rhythm during the period of @entity308 ." My first clinical experiment was conducted in June 1954 and was followed later by several others. At that time, I could not ascertain from the available literature whether this therapy had been tried elsewhere. The experiments completely confirmed that the hypothesis was correct--that the @entity1 ' condition had improved and that the treatment influenced the subcortical processes which determined the complaint. This led to studies on the transmitter function in the states of sleeping and waking, respectively, among healthy and sick @entity1 or, more precisely, the influence of darkness and light, respectively, on these functions. The studies appeared to confirm that therapy in which the @entity1 is kept awake encourages the production of activating substances such as antidepressants. The most recent research on @entity2493 , which is formed in the corpus pineale, is briefly discussed. Provisional results seem to indicate that this substance has an inhibiting effect on vital brain functions in periods of darkness (periods of sleep) and thus contributes to the maintenance of the @entity308 because @entity2493 is especially produced in the dark periods of the daily cycle. These investigations, though still at an experimental stage, suggest exciting possibilities, also for psychiatry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Abstinence from night sleep as a treatment for XXXX . The earliest observations in a Danish mental hospital (1954) and an analysis of the causal mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous depressions', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['endogenous depressions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of dental @entity148 among @entity1 will aid in dealing with management issues related to dental treatment. There is no study available from Pakistan on dental @entity148 in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of dental @entity148 in @entity1 attending a teaching dental hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 252 @entity1 aged between 5-10 years attending a dental clinic in a dental hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Dental @entity148 was assessed by using the Faces Version of the Modified @entity1 Dental @entity148 Scale. This scale uses faces as pictograms to indicate the levels of dental @entity148 making it easier for @entity1 to answer the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 252 @entity1 were observed for assessment of dental @entity148 having mean age of 7.88  1.55 years with 123 (48.8%) males and 129 (51.2%) females. Out of these @entity1 150 (59.5%) had previously visited a dentist and 102 (40.5%) had no experience with a dentist before; 38% (95/252) of @entity1 had moderate and severe dental @entity148 . Dental @entity148 decreased significantly with age (p=0.0003). The difference in @entity148 levels was not statistically significant between males and females and in different socio-economic status. CONCLUSION: This study has highlighted dental @entity148 as a potential public health concern regarding @entity1 in Pakistan. Assessment of dental @entity148 is a useful way to identify anxious dental @entity1 .

title: DENTAL ANXIETY AMONG XXXX OF AGE BETWEEN 5 TO 10 YEARS VISITING A TEACHING DENTAL HOSPITAL IN ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['CHILDREN']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SOAC) has recently been proposed as an alternative to intravenous chemoreduction for @entity995 . Preliminary results appear promising in terms of @entity5 control and eye conservation, but little is known regarding @entity2194 and visual prognosis. In this study, we report on the vascular adverse effects observed in our initial cohort of 13 @entity1 . METHODS: The charts of 13 consecutive @entity1 with @entity995 who received a total of 30 injections (up to 3 injections of a single agent per @entity1 at 3-week interval) of melphalan (0.35 mg/kg) in the ophthalmic artery between November 2008 and June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. RetCam fundus photography and @entity941 angiography were performed at presentation and before each injection. Vision was assessed at the latest visit. RESULTS: Enucleation and external beam radiotherapy could be avoided in all cases but one, with a mean follow-up of 7 months. Sectoral @entity432 leading to @entity5066 was observed temporally in 2 eyes (15%) 3 weeks to 6 weeks after the beginning of @entity989 in 1 eye 2 weeks after injection. There was no @entity64 or other clinically significant systemic side effects except a perioperative transient @entity3538 in one @entity1 . Vision ranged between 20/1600 and 20/32 depending on the status of the macula. CONCLUSION: Superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy was effective in all @entity1 with no @entity64 or other @entity455 . Unlike intravenous chemoreduction, SOAC is associated with potentially sight-threatening adverse effects, such as severe @entity5066 secondary to subacute @entity732 , not to mention the risk of ophthalmic @entity432 , which was not observed in this series. Further analysis of the risks and benefits of SOAC will define its role within the therapeutic arsenal. Meanwhile, we suggest that SOAC should be given in one eye only and restricted to advanced cases of @entity995 , as an alternative to enucleation and/or external beam radiotherapy.

title: Occurrence of sectoral XXXX and retinal arteriolar embolization after superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy for @entity995 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['systemic vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['spasm of the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['SOAC and retinal arteriolar emboli']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery obstruction', 'choroidal occlusive vasculopathy']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['choroidal occlusive vasculopathy or central retinal artery embolism']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['advanced intraocular retinoblastoma', 'retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['choroidal occlusive vasculopathy']


abstract: Radioactive @entity1496 125 is a low-energy gamma isotope with physical characteristics suitable for irradiation of @entity5 . Metal ophthalmic applicators have been designed to shield vital ocular structures while allowing irradiation of the @entity5 . We compared the radiation effects of @entity1496 125 and @entity1953 60. The Greene @entity320 was transplanted into the suprachoroidal space of @entity95 . The @entity5 then grew as an intraocular mass, was irradiated, and was followed up for two months before enucleation. Histopathologic examination defined the extent of the radiation damage to the @entity5 and other ocular structures from the @entity1496 125 and from the @entity1953 60. The eye irradiated with @entity1496 125 suffered minimal radiation damage, whereas the @entity5 was sterilized. The eye irradiated with @entity1953 60 showed substantial radiation damage, and the @entity320 was incompletely treated. Our results support the use of @entity1496 125 in treating @entity5 . More research is needed as to optimum total dose and dose rate.

title: Irradiation of @entity320 with XXXX 125 ophthalmic plaque.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intraocular tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1496 :: (MESH:D007455,Chemical) :: ['iodine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contributing factors for @entity221 after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). METHODS: Between May 2009 and December 2013, 395 tubeless PCNLs were performed at our hospital. After stone extraction, the @entity548 points were cauterized for hemostasis to enable tubeless modification. In @entity1 with troublesome @entity548 after cauterization, oxidized regenerated cellulose (Surgicel) strips were used to tamponade the access tract to facilitate @entity548 control. The contributory factors for @entity221 were evaluated by a retrospective chart review. RESULTS: Forty-four @entity1 (11.7%) developed @entity221 after tubeless PCNL. There was no difference in gender, age, and body mass index in the development of @entity221 . Episodes of febrile or septic @entity293 before PCNL were found to have occurred in 35 @entity1 , but the incidence of @entity86 was not significantly higher in these @entity1 . There is no significant difference in the mean stone size in @entity221 and nonfever @entity1 . @entity5990 were noted in 40 @entity1 , and their @entity221 rate was not significantly higher than @entity1 with nonstaghorn stone. The operation time is not significantly higher in the group with @entity293 . @entity1 with @entity86 had a high incidence of residual stones than the remaining @entity1 (38.9% vs 20.4%). There was no significant difference in incidence of @entity86 in @entity1 with struvite stones than @entity1 with nonstruvite stones. In @entity1 who received Surgicel packing, the incidence of @entity221 was not significantly higher. CONCLUSION: Incomplete stone extraction is a major contributing factor for the development of @entity221 after tubeless PCNL.

title: Contributing factors for XXXX after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['Complete staghorn stones']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative fever']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity221 :: (MESH:D005334,Disease) :: ['Fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, diminished @entity379 ( @entity379 ) and increased interleukin ( @entity3646 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from @entity1097 @entity1 have been described by several groups, measured as total cytokine content in culture supernatants. These studies suggested a predominance of TH2-like cells producing large amounts of @entity3646 in @entity1097 @entity1 . It is not clear whether the reported cytokine imbalances are the result of an alteration in the distribution of specific T-cell subsets or whether @entity4329 in cytokine production is a characteristic of @entity1097 individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the production of @entity379 , and @entity1199 in PBMCs from @entity1097 @entity1 at the single cell level with the use of freshly isolated lymphocytes. METHODS: We recently described a flow cytometric assay in which three-color analysis was used to study the production of a cytokine of interest in a T-cell subpopulation defined by two cell surface markers. PBMCs from 23 @entity1097 @entity1 and 14 control subjects were stimulated with @entity4621 and @entity1360 for 5 hours. PBMCs from seven @entity1 and seven control subjects were also cultured with immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies for 24 hours. Cells were fixed, made permeable, and stained for intracellular cytokines in combination with cell surface markers CD3, @entity405 , and CD45RO. Cytokine-producing cells were analyzed by gating on T-cell subsets. RESULTS: @entity379 -producing cells were significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in CD4+ T cells but not in @entity405 + T cells of @entity1097 @entity1 . CD45R0+ and CD45R0-T cells showed a decreased proportion of @entity379 -producing cells (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). @entity1199 production was diminished in all T-cell subsets (p < 0.01). The number of @entity3646 -producing cells was not elevated, and such cells were exclusively found in the CD45RO+ T cells. Analysis of culture supernatants of sorted CD45RO+ T cells for @entity3646 and @entity379 production confirmed these results. CONCLUSION: Our findings provide evidence that a reduced @entity379 production in @entity1097 @entity1 is due to an intrinsic defect selectively found in the CD4+ T cells. Because @entity1199 production was markedly decreased but @entity3646 production was unchanged, our data demonstrate a deficiency in the ability of @entity1619 cells to produce @entity1198 -like cytokines on stimulation with @entity4621 , @entity1360 , or anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies.

title: Decreased frequency of @entity379 - and XXXX -producing cells in @entity1 with atopic diseases measured at the single cell level.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4329 :: ('MESH:C563242', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity4621 :: ('CHEBI:37532', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol ester']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1199 :: (3558,Gene) :: ['interleukin-2']


abstract: Gastric occult blood screening has been performed for 242296 @entity1 from 1986 to 1993. 30227 @entity1 had positive reactions to the occult blood reagent. Among them, 17915 @entity1 were asked to accept gastroscopy exam, and 638 @entity356 were found. The @entity5 detection rates were 3.56%. 4774 @entity1 were asked to accept screening twice and 203 @entity1 were asked to accept screening three times. After follow-up, the @entity5 detection rates were 2.11% for occult blood positive group if the screening was conducted once a year. The missing case was 0.77% for negative group and it was 0.05% in the same group if the screening was performed twice. Lastly, the missing case would be decreased to 0% when the @entity1 undergone the exam, for three times in continuity. Two thirds of @entity1 still belonged to the early-middle stage of @entity5 . The 5-year survival rates were 95.2%. The missing case of @entity5 would be reduced to 0% if the screening was conducted for three years in continuity. The @entity204 rates were deducted as well. It is certified that this method is the most effective and reliable way for reducing the @entity204 rate of @entity5 and screening of the upper digestive tract @entity5 .

title: Inspection for @entity356 at regular intervals is the optimum program for the screening of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal-gastric cancers']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['esophageal-gastric cancer']


abstract: The accuracy of the Continuous @entity413 Monitoring System, CGMS (Medtronic MiniMed, Northridge, CA) was assessed in @entity1 and adolescents with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) when compared with reference serum @entity413 levels during spontaneous fluctuations in @entity413 levels over 24 h and during acute hyper- and @entity4053 . Ninety-one subjects with type 1 @entity6 (3.5-17.7 years old) wore one or two CGMSs while blood samples were obtained for serum @entity413 determinations (made at a central laboratory) hourly during the day, every 30 min overnight, and every 5 min during meal-induced @entity4854 and insulin-induced @entity4053 tests, resulting in 6778 CGMS-reference @entity413 pairs. CGMS function was assessed on each of the 3 days of sensor life. The median relative absolute difference (RAD) between the CGMS and reference values was 18% (25th, 75th percentiles = 8%, 34%). Similar results were obtained on each of the 3 days of sensor life. Accuracy was worse during @entity4053 than during @entity4854 . Modified sensors that first became available in November 2002 were more accurate than were the original sensors (median RAD = 11% vs. 19%) and had better precision (r = 0.92 vs. r = 0.77) during time periods in which two CGMSs were simultaneously used. The CGMS sensors that have been in clinical use until recently are often inaccurate in quantifying @entity413 values in @entity1 with @entity6 . However, recent modifications to the sensor have resulted in substantially better accuracy and reliability. This improved function, if confirmed by additional data, may enhance the clinical utility of the CGMS.

title: The accuracy of the CGMS in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 : results of the @entity6 in XXXX network (DirecNet) accuracy study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['type 1 diabetes mellitus', 'T1DM', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Currently, the lack of awareness of deficits, i.e., @entity1054 , is a major obstacle in the healthcare circuit that delays the diagnosis of @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, a clear framework is lacking in the literature related to this phenomenon in terms of its definition, mechanisms, and objects. The aim of this study is to assess the different levels of @entity73 using a prediction-performance procedure and to identify the potential correlates of these levels. A  sample of @entity1 with probable @entity195 was divided into three groups according to the severity of @entity303 (mild (MiD), moderate (MoD), and moderately severe ( @entity11159 ) @entity303 ), ranked according to the results of the Mini-Mental State Examination. We observed the following three scores: the real score, the prediction score, and the @entity1054 score. These scores were calculated based on the prediction-performance task MISAwareness from the @entity303 Rating Scale for cognitive processes (i.e., Attention, Initiation, Conceptualization, Construction, and Memory). We obtained a strong plateau effect between the MiD and MoD groups for @entity1054 scores for actual performance or prediction for both the level of overall functioning and for specific processes. The sole exception was the result for memory processes. Moreover, the profiles of the @entity1 ' responses on the Memory subscale were substantially different and, indeed, opposite from those for the other processes. The main results confirm the multidimensionality of @entity1054 and its variability with the stage of @entity303 and specifically implicate memory processes that indicate a cleavage between memory and other cognitive functions.

title: Heterogeneity of @entity73 and  its Variation with the Severity of  @entity303 in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive anosognosia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['anosognosia']

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's Disease']


abstract: 26 @entity1 were treated for @entity170 with 40 mg of @entity3163 twice a day (equivalent 36 mg of @entity2862 ) for a longer period. Mostly by reason of incompatibility, a reduction to half of the dose was necessary in six of these @entity1 . The control of plasma @entity1388 concentration indicated that only 10 @entity1 took their medicine regularly. Before treatment as well as three and six months after beginning of treatment the @entity1 were examined. In these examinations bone density was measured across the middle phalanx of the middle finger with a I-125-profile scanner. Size and function of the thyroid gland were evaluated by clinical aspects and with in vivo- and in vitro-methods for thyroid diagnostic. The program includes also a check up with a 12 canal-serum-autoanalyzer. In 10 @entity1 with warranted regular intake of the drug the increase of bone density was significant after three months already. In all 26 @entity1 a considerable increase of the alkaline phosphatase after three months was evident. Under the influence of @entity3163 no change was seen in function and size of thyroid gland. This result verifies the efficiency of @entity3163 in @entity170 -therapy without any measurable influence on thyroid function.

title: [ @entity170 therapy and thyroid function. Influence of 6 months of XXXX treatment on thyroid function and bone density].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3163 :: ('MESH:D012969', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium fluoride']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity2862 :: ('MESH:D005461', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorine']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity3163 :: (MESH:D012969,Chemical) :: ['sodium fluoride']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have indicated the prognostic value of @entity5 subtype and pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However these results were reported after a short follow-up and using a standard Cox model which could be unsatisfactory for time-dependent factors. In the present study, we identified the prognostic factors for long-term outcome after NAC, considering that they could have an inconstant impact over time. METHODS: Prognostic factors from 956 consecutive @entity0 @entity1 treated with NAC were identified and associated with long-term outcomes. We estimated survival by a time function multivariate Cox model regression and stratified by follow-up length. RESULTS: The prognostic value of @entity5 histological grade and hormone receptors status varied as distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) increased. The multivariate analysis identified the following significant prognostic factors: @entity5 size, N stage, clinical and pathological response to NAC, hormone receptors (HR) status and histological @entity5 grade. The 'prognostic benefit' of low-grade and positive-HR status decreased over the years. Thus, in the early years after @entity5 diagnosis, the hazard ratio of distant recurrences in @entity1 with positive-HR status increased from 0.26 (95% CI 0.1-0.4) at 6 months to 2.2 (95% CI 1.3-3.7) at 120 months. The histological @entity5 grade followed a similar trend. The hazard ratio of grade III @entity1 compared with grade I was 1.83 (95% CI 1.1-2.8) at 36 months and diminished over time to 0.70 (95% CI 0.4-1.3) at 120 months. This indicates that the risk of recurrence for positive-HR @entity1 was 74% lower at 6 months compared with the negative-hormone receptor group, but 30% higher at 5 years and more than double at 10 years. High-grade @entity5 presented a risk of 83% in the earlier years decreasing to 30% at 10 years versus the low-grade group. CONCLUSION: From the present study, we conclude the importance of identifying time-dependent prognostic factors. Distant recurrence-free interval within @entity1 who receive NAC are influenced by achieving pCR and @entity0 subtype. @entity5 with more aggressive biology have poorer survival during the first 5 years, but if they exceed this point their prognostic impact is no longer significant. Conversely, positive-HR @entity1 remain at risk for distant recurrence for many years.

title: Time-varying effect and long-term survival analysis in XXXX @entity1 treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumours', 'cancer', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed at investigating whether non-surgical periodontal treatment can reduce the Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) % level in @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 . METHODS: A search of the literature on English publications was performed in Cochrane Central, Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge and EMBASE (until 06 February 2014). An RCT was selected if the subject was @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity7278 , and compared HbA1c% change after non-surgical periodontal treatment alone for at least three months of the study duration. Weighted mean difference for pooled data and large sample size strata were calculated. Heterogeneity and publication bias were explored. RESULTS: After the study selection process, only 9 RCTs were suitable. Compared to the control group, the pooled analysis (n=1082) showed -0.27 % (95 % CI:-0.46 % to -0.07 %, p= 0.007) absolute difference in HbA1c % with treatment while studies with sufficient sample size had HbA1c % change of -0.014 % (95 % CI:-0.18 % to 0.16 %, p= 0.87). Publication bias was marginally significant with Egger's teat (p=0.045) but not with Begg's test (p=0.72). CONCLUSION: The moderate reduction in HbA1c after the non-surgical therapy in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 is consistent with previous systematic reviews. However, more large scale and high-quality RCTs are necessitated to confirm these results.

title: Effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment on glycemic control of @entity1 with XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity7278 :: ('MESH:D055113', 'Disease') :: ['chronic periodontitis']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The standard approach to vascular @entity130 involves arterial exposure and reconstruction using either a vein or @entity736 graft. We have developed a novel technique to repairing @entity1317 by deploying commercially available vascular stents through an open approach, thus eliminating the need for suture @entity254 . The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, stent deployment time (SDT), and stent patency of this technique in a ewe @entity1317 model. METHODS: After proximal and distal control, a 2-cm superficial femoral arterial segment was resected in 8 Dorper ewes to simulate an @entity1317 . Two stay sutures were placed in the 3- and 9-o'clock positions of the transected arterial ends to prevent further retraction. Ten milliliters of 10-IU/mL heparinized saline was flushed proximally and distally. An arteriotomy was then created 2.5 cm from the transected distal end through which we deployed Gore Viabahn stents with a 20% oversize and at least 1-cm overlap with the native vessel on either end. The arteriotomy was then closed with 3 (1) interrupted 6-0 Prolene sutures. The ewes were fed @entity117 325 mg daily. Duplex was performed at 2 months postoperatively to evaluate stent patency. SDT was defined as time from stay suture placement to arteriotomy closure. RESULTS: The 8 ewes weighed a mean (SD) of 34.4 (4.3) kg. The mean (SD) superficial femoral arterial was 4.3 (0.6) mm. @entity17285 mm * 5 cm and two 6 mm * 5 cm Gore Viabahn stents were deployed. The mean (SD) SDT was 34 (19) minutes, with a trend toward less time with increasing experience (SDTmax, 60 minutes; SDTmin, 10 minutes). Duplex performed at 2 months postoperatively showed stent patency in five of eight stents. There was an association between increasing SDT and stent @entity715 . CONCLUSION: Open deployment of commercially available vascular stents to treat @entity1317 is a conceptually sound and technically feasible alternative to standard open repair. Larger studies are needed to refine this technique and minimize stent complications, which are likely technical in nature.

title: The elimination of XXXX in open @entity130 vascular reconstruction: A novel technique using an animal model.

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylsalicylic acid']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury', 'arterial injury', 'vascular injuries', 'arterial injuries']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: Brain network activity associated with altered motor control in individuals with @entity1118 is not well understood. @entity5116 ( @entity5116 ) is a debilitating condition in which previous studies have revealed altered resting pelvic floor muscle activity in @entity1 with @entity5116 compared to healthy controls. We hypothesized that the brain networks controlling pelvic floor muscles would also show altered resting state function in @entity1 with @entity5116 . Here we describe the results of the first test of this hypothesis focusing on the motor cortical regions, termed pelvic-motor, that can directly activate pelvic floor muscles. A group of @entity1 with @entity5116 (N  =  28), as well as group of age-matched healthy male controls (N  =  27), had resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans as part of the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic @entity2371 (MAPP) Research Network study. Brain maps of the functional connectivity of pelvic-motor were compared between groups. A significant group difference was observed in the functional connectivity between pelvic-motor and the right posterior insula. The effect size of this group difference was among the largest effect sizes in functional connectivity between all pairs of 165 anatomically-defined subregions of the brain. Interestingly, many of the atlas region pairs with large effect sizes also involved other subregions of the insular cortices. We conclude that functional connectivity between motor cortex and the posterior insula may be among the most important markers of altered brain function in @entity1 with @entity5116 , and may represent changes in the integration of viscerosensory and motor processing.

title: Altered resting state neuromotor connectivity in @entity1 with chronic prostatitis/chronic XXXX : A MAPP: Research Network Neuroimaging Study.

entities_list: @entity5116 :: ('MESH:D011472', 'Disease') :: ['CP/CPPS', 'Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity2371 :: ('MESH:D017699', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic Pain']

answer: @entity2371 :: (MESH:D017699,Disease) :: ['pelvic pain syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of fixed @entity3029 ( @entity3029 ) with @entity3473 ( @entity3473 ) is challenging. OBJECTIVE: To introduce a modified technique to reduce fixed @entity3029 and @entity3473 through a posterior approach. METHODS: From 2007 to 2013, 174 @entity1 with fixed @entity3029 and @entity3473 underwent surgical reduction by posterior atlantoaxial facet joint release and fixation technique. RESULTS: There was 1 death in the series, and 3 @entity1 were lost to follow-up. The follow-up period ranged from 12 to 52 months (mean: 35.2 months) for the remaining 170 @entity1 . Neurological improvement was observed in 168 of 170 @entity1 (98.8%), and was stable in 1 (0.06%) and exacerbated in 1 (0.06%), with the Japanese Orthopedic Association scores increasing from 11.4 preoperatively to 15.8 postoperatively (P < .01). Radiologically, complete or >90% reduction was attained in 107 @entity1 (62.9%), 60% to 90% reduction was attained in 51 @entity1 (30%), and <50% reduction was attained in 12 @entity1 (7.1%), who underwent additional transoral decompression. Complete decompression was demonstrated in all 170 @entity1 . Solid bony fusion was demonstrated in 167 @entity1 at follow-up (98.2%). CONCLUSION: This series showed the safety and efficacy of the posterior C1-2 facet joint release and reduction technique for the treatment of @entity3029 and @entity3473 . Most fixed @entity3029 and @entity3473 cases are reducible via this method. In most cases, this method avoids transoral odontoidectomy and cervical traction. Compared with the occiput-C2 screw method, this short-segment C1-2 technique exerts less antireduction shearing force, guarantees longer bone purchase, and provides more immediate stabilization. ABBREVIATIONS: @entity3029 , @entity9807 , anterior atlantodens intervalBI, basilar invaginationC1LM, C1 lateral massCVJ, craniovertebral junctionJOA, Japanese Orthopedic AssociationVA, vertebral artery.

title: Posterior Reduction of Fixed XXXX and Basilar Invagination by Atlantoaxial Facet Joint Release and Fixation: A Modified Technique With 174 Cases.

entities_list: @entity3473 :: ('MESH:D007443', 'Disease') :: ['BI', 'basilar invagination']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlantoaxial dislocationADI']

entities_list: @entity3029 :: ('MESH:D004204', 'Disease') :: ['AAD', 'atlantoaxial dislocation']

answer: @entity3029 :: (MESH:D004204,Disease) :: ['Atlantoaxial Dislocation']


abstract: The @entity1 placenta utilizes both active and passive mechanisms to evade rejection by the maternal immune system. We investigated the pattern of expression of the B7 family of immunomodulatory molecules @entity4634 ( @entity4634 ), @entity2937 ( @entity2937 ), and @entity7938 ( @entity7938 ) at the term maternal-fetal interface. Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses showed that @entity4634 mRNA is abundant in term placenta and that cytotrophoblasts are sources of this message. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that @entity4634 is constitutively expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast and by extravillous cytotrophoblasts, both of which are juxtaposed to maternal blood and tissue. By contrast, placental stromal cells, including macrophages, lacked the protein. Expression of @entity4634 protein was low in first-trimester placenta compared to second- and third-trimester tissue (P < 0.05) and was enhanced in cultured cytotrophoblasts by treatment with either @entity379 or epidermal growth factor (P < 0.05), suggesting that one or both of these mediators regulates @entity4634 expression in the placenta. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis of term placental tissue revealed different patterns of expression of the immunostimulatory protein, @entity2937 . In contrast to @entity72650 mRNA and protein were absent in cytotrophoblast cells but present in maternal macrophages and some fetal macrophages. The @entity7938 mRNA and protein were absent at the maternal-fetal interface. These studies document expression of the B7 family proteins at the maternal-fetal interface and demonstrate that @entity4634 is positioned such that it could facilitate protection of fetal cells against activated maternal leukocytes. Conversely, @entity2937 was absent on trophoblasts and was appropriately localized to fetal and maternal macrophages, which may participate in antigen presentation.

title: B7 family molecules are favorably positioned at the XXXX maternal-fetal interface.

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['interferon-gamma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7784 ( @entity8393 ), @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), and @entity18943 ( @entity9984 ) have lipid-modifying and antiinflammatory properties. The effects of supplement mixtures of these @entity1718 on plasma lipids and the @entity844 compositions of serum phospholipids have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the effects of different levels of @entity9984 supplementation together with a constant intake of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 on the @entity1674 -lowering effect of @entity8393 plus @entity4601 alone and on the @entity844 patterns (eicosanoid precursors) of serum phospholipids. DESIGN: Thirty-one @entity1 were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, equalized on the basis of their fasting @entity1674 concentrations. They received supplements providing 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 (4:0, @entity8393 + @entity4601 : @entity9984 ; control group), 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 plus 1 g @entity9984 (4:1), 2 g @entity9984 (4:2), or 4 g @entity9984 (4:4) daily for 28 d. Plasma lipids and @entity1718 of serum phospholipids were measured on days 0 and 28. RESULTS: Plasma @entity1674 concentrations were significantly lower on day 28 than on day 0 in the 4:0, 4:1, and 4:2 groups. LDL @entity165 decreased significantly (by 11.3%) in the 4:2 group. @entity8534 increased significantly in serum phospholipids only in the 4:2 and 4:4 groups; however, total @entity9539 increased in all 4 groups. CONCLUSIONS: A mixture of 4 g @entity8393 + @entity4601 and 2 g @entity9984 favorably altered blood lipid and @entity844 profiles in healthy @entity1 . On the basis of calculated PROCAM values, the 4:2 group was estimated to have a 43% reduction in the 10-y risk of @entity583 .

title: Effects of supplementation with fish oil-derived n-3 @entity1718 and @entity18943 on circulating plasma lipids and XXXX profiles in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7784 :: ('MESH:D015118', 'Chemical') :: ['Eicosapentaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8534 :: ('MESH:D015126', 'Chemical') :: ['Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity18943 :: ('MESH:D017965', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-linolenic acid']

entities_list: @entity9539 :: ('MESH:D015525', 'Chemical') :: ['n-3 fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity844 :: (CHEBI:35366,Chemical) :: ['fatty acid']


abstract: Caustic chemicals cause destruction in tissues even long after the initial exposure. This study reported a case of recurrent graft lysis encountered throughout the treatment of a @entity7159 burn. A @entity4808 on the ankle of a @entity1 was reconstructed with split thickness skin grafts thrice in a period of four months. The burn site healed uneventfully after each skin grafting. However, weeks after each successful graft take, even though the @entity1 did not experience any @entity130 at his operated ankle, an eczematous blistering at the skin graft site was observed. Thereafter, skin grafts almost totally sloughed over time even after each successful graft take. Six months after the initial burn and recurrent skin graft lysis, the defect site was reconstructed with @entity4957 . At the postoperative ninth month follow-up, there was no sign of the blistering or skin loss at the burn area after definitive flap surgery. Recurrent graft lysis, in a few weeks after total skin graft take is an unusual complication for most of the burn cases. Caustic burns may have a deceptively superficial appearance concealing the chemical reactions that further damage the tissue. Therefore, early surgical interventions such as deep debridement and graft surgery should be kept in mind as primary treatment options.

title: Recalcitrant @entity4808 wound and definitive treatment with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4957 :: ('MESH:D020429', 'Disease') :: ['medial plantar flap']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['caustic burn']

entities_list: @entity7159 :: ('MESH:D012972', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium hydroxide']

answer: @entity4957 :: (MESH:D020429,Disease) :: ['medial plantar flap']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine distribution of central @entity4 (CCS) across subjects after 8 hr of @entity735 wearing @entity1346 hydrogel lenses with various @entity26 transmissibility (Dk/t) values and in eyes without lenses. METHODS: Twenty-nine neophytes wore lotrafilcon A (Dk, 140), balafilcon A (Dk, 91), @entity57736 (Dk, 60), and senofilcon A (Dk, 103) lenses in powers -3.00, -10.00, and +6.00 diopters on separate nights, in random order, and on 1 eye only. The contralateral eye (no lens) served as the control. Central corneal thickness was measured using a digital optical pachometer before lens insertion and immediately after lens removal on waking. RESULTS: The average difference between the mean (7%) and the median (6.8%) CCS of all lenses was only 0.2%, suggesting a normal distribution. There was no correlation between the mean and the range of the CCS (r=0.058, P=0.766). Normal CCS distributions were also found with each @entity735 and the control eye (P>0.20 for all). There was a significant correlation between @entity735 (r=0.895, P<0.001) and between lotrafilcon A and each of the other 3 lenses for mean CCS across the study @entity1 (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of @entity4 in both @entity735 followed a normal curve. An individual's @entity4 response seems to be independent of lens type.

title: Distribution of overnight @entity4 across subjects with 4 different XXXX hydrogel lenses.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['corneal swelling']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity57736 :: ('MESH:C540499', 'Chemical') :: ['galyfilcon A']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['lens-wearing eye', 'sleep in eyes', 'lens-wearing eye and control eye']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity56 , @entity5929 , and @entity56 are all forms of immunologically mediated @entity358 . Recognition that more than one of these diseases may co-exist is necessary for proper @entity1 management. OBJECTIVE: To report a case of extrinsic (cat) @entity565 , @entity5929 , @entity56 , and potentially fatal @entity565 . Immunologic mechanisms and treatment of these diseases are discussed. METHODS: The study is a case report from a university hospital setting. Serum precipitating antibodies against avian antigens were measured using gel-diffusion technique. Serum IgE levels were measured and skin testing was performed to selected antigens. RESULTS: The @entity1 had positive cutaneous reactivity to cat antigen and Aspergillus. Serology for @entity5929 and serum precipitating antibodies to finch extract were positive. Symptoms improved and @entity229 requirements decreased after removal of finches. CONCLUSION: A case of cat @entity565 , potentially fatal @entity565 , @entity5929 , and @entity56 is presented. Early recognition and treatment of @entity1200 with avoidance measures and use of @entity288 can prevent progressive @entity16 .

title: XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory damage']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['multifactorial immunologic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung disease']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['Allergic asthma', 'hypersensitivity pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1200 :: (MESH:D007154,Disease) :: ['Multifactorial immunologic lung disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, complications, and managements of the readjustable midurethral sling (Remeex system) for the treatment of recurrent stress @entity322 (SUI) after previous anti- @entity322 surgeries or @entity1690 ( @entity1690 ). METHODS: Between March 2008 and February 2012, 102 @entity1 , who presented with previous failed surgery or @entity1690 , were treated with the Remeex system at 4 different institutions. We retrospectively reviewed medical history, physical examination, urodynamic study, postvoiding residual volume, and/or 1-hour pad test of the @entity1 . Surgical outcomes were evaluated using the Severity Index for @entity322 . The degree of @entity1 satisfaction was assessed, and all complications were classified according to the modified Clavien classification system. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 27.6  months (range, 14-56 months), 91 @entity1 (89.2%) were cured and 6 @entity1 (5.9%) were improved. The @entity1 's satisfaction rate was 87.2% (89 of 102 @entity1 ). Overall, 41 @entity1 (40.2%) experienced 53 complications; 15 @entity1 (14.7%) presented de novo urgency, which was properly managed with anticholinergics, and 14 @entity1 (13.7%) underwent delayed sling readjustment for recurrent SUI (n  = 13) and urinary retention (n  = 1) during follow-up. Among 6 @entity1 (5.9%) with wound @entity281 , 4 @entity1 were successfully treated by daily dressing with antibiotics, and 2 @entity1 underwent removal of the Remeex system owing to intractable @entity281 . Most complications were classified as grade 1 (54.8%) or 2 (15.1%) and were successfully treated with minimal conservative measures. CONCLUSION: The Remeex system is a valuable adjunct for recurrent SUI after previous anti- @entity322 surgeries or @entity1690 , considering most complications are Clavien grade I or II.

title: Midterm Efficacy and Complications of  Readjustable Midurethral Sling (Remeex System) in Female Stress XXXX With Recurrence or  @entity1690 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1690 :: ('MESH:D046628', 'Disease') :: ['ISD', 'intrinsic sphincter deficiency']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['Urinary Incontinence', 'urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['Urinary Incontinence']


abstract: A. Storey et al. [Nature (Lond.), 393: 229-234, 1998)] reported a 7-fold increased risk of @entity5 associated with having an @entity534 / @entity534 polymorphism at codon 72 of @entity876 compared with the Pro/ @entity534 heterozygotes (odds ratio, 7.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.1-29.4). Complementary in vitro studies suggested that the HPV E6 oncoprotein more readily targets the @entity369 form, as opposed to the @entity1521 form, of @entity876 for degradation. We investigated the impact of this polymorphism in a population-based case-control study of @entity3 . Using a PCR assay to detect the @entity876 codon 72 polymorphism, we tested blood samples from 111 @entity1 with invasive @entity1544 of the cervix identified by a population-based registry and 164 random-digit telephone-dialed controls. The distribution of the genotype among control @entity1 was 38% heterozygous, 7% @entity1521 homozygous, and 55% @entity369 homozygous, and among the cases was 38%, 6%, and 56%, respectively. There was no increased risk of @entity1544 associated with homozygosity for the @entity369 allele (odds ratio, 1.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-1.7). Furthermore, there was no modification of this result by @entity1082 ) DNA status of the @entity5 , age, or smoking status. Among controls, there was no association between the polymorphism and @entity1799 L1 seropositivity. However, among case subjects, the codon 72 polymorphism may be related to @entity1799 L1 seropositivity status.

title: The XXXX Arg72Pro polymorphism, @entity1082 , and invasive @entity1544 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell invasive cervical cancer', 'squamous cell cancer']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity876 :: (7157,Gene) :: ['p53']


abstract: Pregnant Swiss @entity19 were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg body weight of @entity54957 ( @entity54957 ) on d 6-15 of gestation. At birth litters were normalized to eight pups, and postnatal evaluation of pup growth rate and behavioral observations of dams were carried out. Litters were sacrificed on postnatal days (pnd) 7, 14, and 21, to perform hematological analysis, in connection with another study. Dam @entity1017 was impaired in all the treated groups (except at the lowest dose level) in the late phase of gestation. A high incidence of anticipated or delayed parturitions, without any correlation with fetal mass, was observed in the treated groups. All the treated dams showed a significant increase in resorptions, and a decrease in body @entity1017 between gestational day (gd) 6 and pnd 1. At birth, only the 20 and 30 mg/kg dose groups showed reduced litter size and reduced pup weight. Body @entity1017 persisted in wk 1 of life only in the 10 and 20 mg/kg dose groups. In addition, the maternal weight trend was affected during the lactation period in the higher dose groups. Postnatal death rate and growth rate of treated pups were affected by an altered maternal behavior; pups, apparently viable and with normal weight, were found often scattered throughout the cage with signs of wounds, and the percentage of dams that had not built a nest increased in the 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg dose groups. Total absence of parental care was noted in many litters, and many infanticidal events were reported. Our results seem to confirm low @entity54957 embryofetotoxicity, and strongly support the assumption that @entity54957 's @entity137 to the mother is much stronger than its embryo-fetotoxic potential. Most of the reproductive parameters examined in this study were unaffected in the low-dose group, while some indices, such as gestation length and maternal @entity1017 between gd 6 and pnd 1, were markedly altered also at the 5 mg/kg dose level and appear to be sensitive parameters in assessing maternal @entity137 .

title: Oral @entity54957 in pregnant XXXX . I. Potential influence of maternal behavior on postnatal mortality.

entities_list: @entity54957 :: ('MESH:C005961', 'Chemical') :: ['TBTO', 'bis(tri-n-butyltin) oxide']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain reduction of pups', 'weight gain']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Although the use of @entity13129 ( @entity13130 ) as a probe in stopped-flow analyses of @entity10840 ( @entity10840 ) had provided important mechanistic insight, the conditions used were limited by the location of @entity13130 and the use of a combination of @entity2340 (Trp) and @entity13130 fluorescence. This study examined different DNA substrates to identify several factors that can affect the observed signal in stopped-flow experiments. Both Trp and @entity13130 emissions were separately excited and monitored. It was found that both probes show a fast phase and a slow phase of fluorescence changes, but the direction and the amplitude vary greatly between the two probes and between different DNA substrates. Detailed analyses suggested that the location of @entity13130 in the template has a significant impact on the fluorescence properties of @entity13130 and that a location opposite the incoming @entity42636 , which has been used in all such studies in the past, is not optimal. In particular, the results show that placing @entity13130 one base after the templating base greatly enhances the signal intensity, which suggests a significant change in base stacking interactions at this position during @entity377 incorporation. These results allowed us to derive an improved set of conditions which were then used to reevaluate results from previous reports. It also allows greater freedom in the type of base pairs studied, since @entity13130 is not the templating base in the nascent base pair. Kinetic constants were determined for @entity42636 and catalytic @entity1025 . The results obtained from stopped-flow experiments were compared to results from chemical quench. Stopped flow of incorrect @entity42636 incorporation and the reverse reaction are also reported, which provide useful information to the mechanism of @entity10840 .

title: Use of XXXX and @entity2340 fluorescence as probes in kinetic analyses of @entity10840 .

entities_list: @entity13129 :: ('MESH:D015075', 'Chemical') :: ['2-aminopurine']

entities_list: @entity10840 :: ('5423', 'Gene') :: ['DNA polymerase beta', 'Pol beta']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity13129 :: (MESH:D015075,Chemical) :: ['2-aminopurine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: LDL-immune complexes (IC) have a powerful pathogenic role for inducing foam cell formation in vitro more efficiently than any other known mechanism. Studies have also shown that plasma LDL-IC concentration is a powerful marker for the development of @entity731 . The structure, @entity844 composition and antioxidant concentrations of @entity3452 and LDL are quite similar. The same oxidation pattern has also been described for both lipoproteins. Modified forms of @entity3452 , some resembling oxidized @entity3452 , have been identified in @entity1 @entity75 . The existence of autoantibodies against MDA- @entity3452 in vivo is also presented. Therefore, we suppose that @entity3452 might trigger an immune response leading to the production of autoantibodies and subsequently to the formation of immune complexes. This study examined the existence of IgG-bound @entity3452 -IC and investigated its value as a risk factor for the development of @entity731 . METHODS: We developed two "sandwich" ELISAs for measuring plasma @entity3452 -IC and LDL-IC concentrations, using anti-human IgG( @entity1334 ) as the capture antibody, and quantitating with monoclonal anti-apo(a) or anti- @entity755 enzyme conjugate. Their concentrations were studied in 160 @entity1 with @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and 290 control subjects. RESULTS: Plasma TC, @entity11429 , TG and @entity755 concentrations in @entity301 @entity1 were all significantly increased, whereas HDL-C and apoAI concentrations were decreased. The @entity3452 concentrations in the @entity1 with @entity301 were also significantly different from those of control (262.4+/-220.0 vs. 211.3+/-199.4 mg/l, P<0.005). Plasma @entity3452 -IC (2.24+/-1.71 vs. 1.62+/-1.50 @entity10058 , P<0.0001) and LDL-IC (2.77+/-1.29 vs. 1.40+/-0.92 @entity10058 , P<0.0001) concentrations in @entity1 with @entity301 were both significantly higher than those of control. The relationships between @entity3452 -IC, LDL-IC concentrations and other lipid traits in all the studied subjects (n=450) were carried out. LDL-IC concentrations were positively correlated with @entity11429 , @entity755 , TC, TG and @entity3452 concentrations, while negatively correlated with HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, respectively. Similarly, @entity3452 -IC concentrations were positively correlated with @entity3452 , @entity11429 , @entity755 and TC concentrations, while negatively correlated with HDL-C and apoAI concentrations, respectively. Furthermore, a significantly positive relation between LDL-IC and @entity3452 -IC concentrations was also found (r=0.313, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We report the existence of @entity3452 -IC in both the plasma of @entity1 with @entity301 and control subjects. @entity3452 -IC concentration increases in the @entity301 @entity1 .

title: Detection of IgG-bound lipoprotein(a) immune complexes in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesions']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: Surgery and radiation therapy have been used to treat @entity1721 . However, treatment outcomes have not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to compare surgery and radiation therapy for clinical T1 @entity1721 . A total of 67 clinical T1 @entity1721 @entity1 were treated between January 1997 and December 2005; 29 had undergone radical esophagectomy (surgery group) and 38 were treated with definitive radiation therapy (radiation group). The mean @entity1 age was lower in the surgery group than in the radiation group. In surgery group, @entity1576 , @entity834 , recurrent @entity129 , and @entity850 occurred in 7, 8, 6, and 5 @entity1 , respectively. In radiation group, @entity1210 , @entity2910 , @entity2396 were observed in 15, 3, and 3 @entity1 , respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate for the surgery group was 68.9%, and 74.3% for the radiation group. There were no significant difference between groups (P= 0.3780). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group was 61.8% and 38.8% in the radiation group. The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the radiation group (P= 0.0051). The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates for @entity5 invaded into but not through the muscularis mucosa were 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively, in the surgery group and 78.8% and 33.3%, respectively, in the radiation group. There were no significant differences. The 5-year overall survival rates for @entity1 with @entity5 that invaded the submucosal layer was 64.9% in the surgery group and 66.5% in the radiation group. This difference was not significant (P= 0.8712). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group (56.0%) was significantly higher than that in the radiation group (41.8%; P= 0.0219). In conclusion, surgery may become a standard treatment for @entity7487 esophageal cancer that can offer longer relapse-free survival, particularly for @entity1 with @entity5 that invade the submucosa.

title: A comparison of surgery and radiation therapy for XXXX @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leaks']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity2396 :: ('MESH:D010493', 'Disease') :: ['pericarditis']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity7487 :: (1489,Gene) :: ['cT1']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 operated for large bowel @entity189 were divided into a distinct aneuploid group of 63, and a near diploid one of 37. Flow cytometry was used for determination of the DNA ploidy pattern. All @entity5 in the aneuploid group contained one or more aneuploid cell populations. All @entity1 were followed clinically from 3.5 to 7.8 years. The corrected 5 year survival was 64% and 49% for @entity1 with near @entity5 , respectively (not significant). Significant differences in corrected survival time were not observed for Dukes' stages A, B, and C @entity1 pooled, nor for Dukes' stage D @entity1 . However, for Dukes' stage C @entity1 alone, there was a tendency (P = 0.10) for @entity1 with near @entity5 to show a better survival. A highly significant predominance of @entity5 was seen in males, in contrast to an equal distribution of aneuploid and near @entity5 in females. A slight predominance of @entity5 in the left colon and rectum was seen. Both these findings indicate the influence of environmental factors (hormonal, anatomical, phenotypical) on the development of @entity5 with a particular DNA ploidy pattern.

title: @entity189 XXXX with different DNA ploidy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['diploid tumours', 'diploid and aneuploid tumours', 'tumours', 'aneuploid tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dengue, the most rampant zoonotic @entity1800 in tropics, contributes to 14% of acute @entity221 cases globally. @entity198 in primary @entity779 , with/without @entity548 has been reported occasionally. Our study presents novel evidence for this rarity at the molecular level. @entity19 microglia (BV2) were @entity778 (DENV) serotypes (1-4) and their immune response was evaluated. Gene expressions of @entity637 , @entity1618 , IFN-y, and @entity635 constituted the pro-inflammatory response, levels of @entity8929 and @entity777 represented the regulatory mechanism and changes in the levels of @entity8843 , @entity5780 , @entity1235 and @entity5779 encompassed the break-down of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Cytokine response was studied using RT-PCR, with relative fold change assessed using     Ct method. We observed that DENV1 increased vascular permeability and trans-membrane transport, while DENV2 resulted in oxidative stress. DENV3 @entity281 presented with impaired immune response and DENV4 manifested a chaotropic response of the BBB protein genes. However, no serotype was able to breakdown the BBB, thus validating the low prevalence of @entity198 in dengue. Our study is the first reported evidence of the microglial immune response resisting the entry of DENV into the CNS. It also supports the theory that primary @entity281 results in the acute @entity32 of the microglia, and the host immune response plays a critical role in development of @entity198 .

title: Novel evidence of microglial immune response in impairment of XXXX of CNS.

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['infected in-vitro with Dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis', 'Encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Dengue infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired or reduced @entity12711 ( @entity12711 ) expression in T cells has been identified in various @entity5 and may be associated with an ineffective immune response. The clinical significance of @entity12711 chain expression in @entity5 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in @entity356 remains unclear. METHODS: The authors immunohistochemically investigated @entity12711 expression in TILs in 185 @entity1 who had undergone curative gastrectomy. @entity12710 ( @entity12710 ) ratios were calculated. @entity1 were divided into two groups: a normal @entity12711 group (n = 121) and a reduced @entity12711 group (n = 64). @entity1 with a zeta per epsilon ratio of greater than 66% were placed in the normal @entity12711 group. RESULTS: @entity1 in the normal @entity12711 group had fewer lymph node @entity3 (P < 0.01) and a shallower depth of invasion (P < 0.05) than those in the reduced @entity12711 group. The 5-year survival rate was 72% in the normal @entity12711 group, which was significantly better than that in the reduced @entity12711 group (55%; P < 0.01). When stratified according to clinical stage, the prognostic value was significantly different only in Stage IV @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that @entity12711 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.03) next to depth of invasion and lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced @entity12711 expression in TILs was strongly correlated with @entity356 . @entity12711 expression in TILs is considered an immunologic, independent prognostic marker in @entity356 @entity1 . @entity12711 normalization with cytokine treatment may lead to prolonged survival in advanced @entity356 @entity1 .

title: CD3-zetachain expression of intratumoral lymphocytes is closely related to survival in @entity356 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity12710 :: ('916', 'Gene') :: ['CD3-epsilon', 'CD3-zeta/CD3 epsilon']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease in gastric carcinomas', 'gastric carcinoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the follow-up results of double valve replacement (DVR) i.e. mitral valve replacement (MVR) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) vs. isolated MVR or AVR for @entity6331 . STUDY DESIGN: An interventional qausi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from September 1994 till December 2007. METHODOLOGY: Prospective follow-up of 493 @entity1 with mechanical heart valves was carried out using clinical assessment, international normalized ratio and echocardiography. @entity1 were divided into three groups: group I having MVR, group II having AVR and group III having DVR. Survival, time and causes of mortality, and frequency of valve @entity715 , @entity548 and @entity548 was noted in the three groups and described as proportions. Actuarial survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There were 493 with 287 (58.3%) in group I, 87 (17.6%) in group II and 119 (24.1%) in group III. Total follow-up was 2429.2 @entity1 (pt)-years. Of 77 (15.6%) deaths, 19 (3.8%) were in-hospital and 58 (11.8%) were late. In-hospital mortality was highest 4 (4.6%) in group II followed by 5 (4.2%) group III and 10 (3.5%) group I. Late deaths were 39 (13.4%) in group I, 9 (10.2%) in group II and 10 (8.3%) in group III. The total actuarial survival was 84.4% with survival of 83%, 85.1%, 87.4% in groups I, II and III respectively. On follow-up valve @entity715 occurred in 12 (0.49%/pt-years) @entity1 ; 9 (0.67%/pt-years) group I, 1 (0.22%/pt-years) in group II and 2 (0.31%/pt-years) in group III. Severe @entity548 occurred in 19 (0.78%/pt-years); 14 in (1.04%/pt-years) in group I, 3 (0.66%/pt-years) group II and 2 (0.31%/pt-years) in group III. @entity64 occurred in 34 (1.3%/pt-years); 26 (1.95%/pt-years) in group I and 4 in groups II (0.89%/pt-years) and III (0.62%/pt-years) each. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity6331 having combined mitral and @entity886 DVR should be performed whenever indicated as it has similar in-hospital mortality and better late survival as compared to isolated aortic or mitral valve replacement.

title: Outcome of double vs. single valve replacement for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebrovascular accidents']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular haemorrhage', 'haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity886 :: ('MESH:C563178', 'Disease') :: ['aortic valve disease']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity6331 :: (MESH:D012214,Disease) :: ['rheumatic heart disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity1313 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity1758 (Ki67) and @entity876 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity66 and expression of @entity1758 and @entity876 by these @entity5 with @entity1 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity66 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity5 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity876 and @entity1758 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity1 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity1758 score and @entity1 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity1 survival in @entity66 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity1758 and @entity876 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity5 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: @entity11 : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and @entity876 expression with XXXX survival.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['glial neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Gliomas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: @entity5930 is a disorder caused by localized collections of proliferating histiocytes in the lung. Little is known about its etiology except that the majority (58 to 97%) of @entity1 are current or ex-smokers, making the potential etiologic role of @entity286 products an important area for research. @entity286 glycoprotein (TGP) is a potent immunostimulator that has been isolated from cigarette smoke. TGP-specific lymphocyte proliferation, and cytokine production in vitro, were measured in three @entity1 with @entity5930 in remission and in three closely matched normal subjects with similar smoking histories. One @entity1 with @entity79 and a matched control subject were also studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured with TGP, the recall antigen streptokinase (SK), and the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). All three of the @entity1 with @entity5930 exhibited significant decreases in lymphocyte stimulation to TGP, despite normal responses to SK and Con A. In contrast, the response of the @entity1 with @entity79 was higher than her matched control. The mean responses of the @entity1 with @entity5930 to TGP was significantly lower than the mean of nondiseased smokers or of normal nonsmokers. Twenty-four-hour culture supernatants were collected and assayed for cytokine levels ( @entity1192 , @entity1199 , and @entity650 ). TGP-stimulated @entity1199 production was significantly lower in the @entity1 with @entity5930 than in the normal subjects, confirming the reduced T-cell proliferative response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Decreased @entity286 -glycoprotein-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity286 :: ('4097', 'Species') :: ['tobacco', 'Tobacco']

entities_list: @entity5930 :: ('MESH:D011657', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma', 'Pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic granuloma of bone']

answer: @entity5930 :: (MESH:D011657,Disease) :: ['pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In animal experiments many hormones were demonstrated in immune cells. However, very few data are at our disposal in the case of @entity1 immune cells. In an earlier experiment, @entity4545 , endorphin and T(3) were studied and found in different subsets of @entity1 immune cells. Here, three biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) were studied. METHODS: Biogenic @entity6115 content of immunophenotyped @entity1 lymphocytes from 15 blood donors were investigated by multicolor flow cytometry using anti-biogenic @entity6115 antibodies. Monocytes and granulocytes separated by size and granularity were also studied. RESULTS: Each biogenic @entity6115 could be detected in each subset of leukocytes, except @entity1425 and @entity750 in granulocytes. Activated T cells contained a higher amount of the @entity4478 , and @entity1075 +B cells a higher amount of @entity112 , related to the whole lymphocyte population and to other subsets. Monocytes contained more @entity112 and @entity1425 than lymphocytes and granulocytes contained twice as much @entity112 as monocytes and three times as much as lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: @entity1 lymphocytes contain the three biogenic @entity6115 , similar to @entity35 . However, while each @entity6115 was present in monocytes, in granulocytes @entity750 and @entity1425 were not demonstrated. The results call attention to the possible extrapolation of animal data to @entity1 lymphocytes and monocytes, but in the case of granulocytes, caution is needed. Taking into consideration earlier results, activated T cells appear to have an important role in the loss or production of hormones inside the immune system.

title: Presence and distribution of biogenic @entity4478 ( @entity112 , @entity750 and @entity1425 ) in immunophenotyped XXXX immune cells.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: We present our long-term results in 17 @entity1 with myelomeningocele undergoing autoaugmentation by vesicomyotomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgery was performed from 1990 to 1994 on 17 @entity1 with @entity1494 due to @entity3570 . Indications for autoaugmentation included @entity1729 and/or @entity322 secondary to hypperreflexia, hypocompliance or low bladder volume. All @entity1 had failed to respond to conservative medical and pharmacological treatments. Median @entity1 age at surgery was 10.2 years (range 2.2 to 13.2). Outcomes were evaluated retrospectively according to changes in upper tract status, continence and urodynamic parameters. Median clinical and urodynamic followup is 75 months (range 4 to 126). RESULTS: Progressive @entity3041 developed in 5 @entity1 , which required subsequent enterocystoplasty in 4. Of 13 @entity1 8 (62%) remain incontinent. Of the 17 cases 12 (71%) were considered clinical failures on the basis of @entity1729 and/or ongoing @entity322 . There were few clinically significant improvements in urodynamic parameters, as 14 of 15 cases (93%) were considered urodynamic failures on the basis of persistent hypocompliance and/or less than expected gains in safe bladder capacity with somatic growth. CONCLUSIONS: Although short-term reports of autoaugmentation have been promising, they do not appear durable. This procedure cannot be endorsed for the management of congenital @entity1973 .

title: Autoaugmentation by detrusor myotomy: its lack of effectiveness in the management of congenital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3570 :: ('MESH:D016135', 'Disease') :: ['spinal dysraphism']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

entities_list: @entity1973 :: ('MESH:D001750', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic bladder']

entities_list: @entity3041 :: ('MESH:D006869', 'Disease') :: ['hydronephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper tract deterioration']

answer: @entity1973 :: (MESH:D001750,Disease) :: ['neuropathic bladder']


abstract: To evaluate activity and @entity137 of a non @entity902 -based triplet including @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN) in advanced @entity1149 . Stage IIIB/IV @entity1149 @entity1 with WHO PS < 2 and bidimensionally measurable disease entered the study. @entity136 1000 mg/sqm day 1 and 1000-800 mg/sqm day 4, @entity1260 3 g/sqm day 1 (with Mesna), @entity1206 25 mg/sqm day 1 and 25-20 mg/sqm day 4 were administered intravenously every 3 weeks. Objective responses (ORs) were evaluated every 2 courses: a maximum of 6 courses were administered in responding @entity1 . According to Simon's optimal two-stage design more than 18 ORs out of 54 @entity1 were required to establish the activity of this regimen. Fifty @entity1 entered the study. Main characteristics of the 48 evaluated @entity1 were: median age 63 years, ECOG performance status 0 = 65%, stage IV disease 79% and non-squamous histology 71%. The total number of courses administered was 200, median per @entity1 4 (range 1-6). @entity137 were evaluated according to WHO criteria: @entity1398 grade 3-4 occurred in 47% of the courses; @entity882 grade 3-4 in 6.6%; @entity417 grade 3 in 3.5%. Twelve episodes of @entity1398 were reported and three @entity1 required hospital admission. No toxic @entity204 was reported. Non-haematological @entity137 , including @entity1910 , @entity1665 and @entity1295 , were generally. Twenty-five ORs (1 complete response and 24 partial responses) were obtained for a response rate of 52% (95% CI: 37.4-66.5%). One-year survival was 46.5%. This non- @entity902 -based outpatient triplet showed promising activity against @entity1149 with myelosuppression, in particular @entity1398 , being dose-limiting. The GIN regimen may represent a valuable alternative to standard @entity902 -based doublets and triplets in the treatment of advanced @entity1149 and further studies with this @entity902 -free combination are warranted.

title: @entity136 , @entity1260 and @entity1206 (GIN): activity and safety of a non- @entity902 -based triplet in advanced @entity1149 ( XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1206 :: ('MESH:C030852', 'Chemical') :: ['Navelbine']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1260 :: ('MESH:D007069', 'Chemical') :: ['Ifosfamide']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['NSCLC']


abstract: We have investigated the effect of oxidants on ligand recognition and internalization by the macrophage @entity3913 receptor. @entity35 bone marrow macrophages were treated with increasing concentrations of @entity274 for 30 min at 37 degrees C. Fifty percent inhibition of ligand uptake was observed at 250 microM, with only 10% of control uptake remaining following exposure to 1 mM @entity274 for 30 min. Electron micrographic analysis of macrophages following @entity274 treatment showed no morphological alterations compared to untreated cells. Ligand uptake was also inhibited by the following @entity274 generating systems: @entity8197 , @entity3624 / @entity3624 oxidase, @entity413 / @entity413 oxidase, and @entity1359 -stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Inhibition could be blocked by catalase plus or minus @entity224 dismutase. Treatment of macrophages at 4 degrees C with @entity274 had no effect on ligand binding, whereas treatment with @entity274 at 37 degrees C reduced binding to 15% of control levels and decreased the number of surface receptors to one-third of control cells. @entity274 treatment inhibited ligand degradation by macrophages, but did not prevent ligand movement from the surface to the interior of the cell. In addition, ligand delivery to lysosomes was blocked by oxidant treatment. These results suggest that treatment of macrophages with reagent @entity274 or @entity274 -generating systems inhibits the normal ligand delivery and receptor recycling process involving the @entity3913 receptor. Potential mechanisms might include receptor oxidation, alterations in @entity855 levels, or membrane lipid peroxidation.

title: Oxidant-mediated inhibition of ligand uptake by the macrophage XXXX receptor.

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity3624 :: ('MESH:D019820', 'Chemical') :: ['xanthine']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3913 :: (MESH:D008358,Chemical) :: ['mannose']


abstract: Paroxysmal @entity4710 most often results from atrioventricular (AV) reentry using an accessory AV pathway ( @entity3153 ) or reentry within the region of the AV node. In AV reentry, using an accessory pathway, suppression of the @entity591 may be achieved by depressing either anterograde AV nodal conduction or retrograde accessory pathway conduction. Intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation have established that beta-adrenergic antagonists and @entity460 channel blockers principally affect AV nodal conduction (anterograde limb of the reentrant circuit), whereas class IA and IC agents principally affect the accessory AV pathway (retrograde limb). Pharmacologic therapy has been more effective when directed at the limb in which conduction is most marginal at the @entity591 rate (weak limb). In individual @entity1 , intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation can be used to identify the weak limb, indicating the class of agents most likely to be effective. Specialized techniques allowing direct recording of accessory pathway activation suggest that limitations in accessory pathway conduction may be explained by anatomic impediments. Conduction is most limited at the atrial interface of the accessory pathway in some @entity1 , whereas in others the ventricular interface may be the limiting factor. Class IA and IC agents appear to have the greatest effect at sites where conduction is most tenuous, i.e., at the anatomic impediments. Similar considerations apply to AV nodal reentry. Anterograde slow AV nodal pathway conduction is most often @entity308 by digitalis preparations, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and @entity460 channel blockers, whereas retrograde fast AV nodal pathway conduction is more often @entity308 by class IA and IC agents. Intracardiac recordings and programmed electrical stimulation can also be used in these @entity1 to identify the weak limb and direct pharmacologic therapy. Direct catheter recordings of AV nodal conduction remain elusive, limiting knowledge of the different conduction properties of the anterograde and retrograde limbs and the site(s) of @entity734 . Studies in progress, comparing the retrograde AV nodal conduction time during @entity591 with that during ventricular pacing at the same rate, suggest that the His bundle may be incorporated in the reentrant circuit in some @entity1 . It appears that @entity1855 more readily depresses retrograde fast pathway conduction in these @entity1 than in those in whom the His bundle does not form part of the reentrant circuit, but the reasons for this are unknown.

title: Use of intracardiac recordings to determine the site of XXXX in @entity4710 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['drug action']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['drug action']


abstract: Intravascular activation of the complement system with cobra venom factor results in @entity647 , which has been quantitated by increases in lung vascular permeability. Cobra venom factor preparations devoid of @entity3900 activity retain full lung-damaging capacity. The @entity651 is associated with the preceding appearance of chemotactic activity in the serum coincident with the development of a profound @entity1398 . The chemotactic activity is immunochemically related to @entity1 @entity2242 . Morphologic studies have revealed discontinuities in the endothelial cell lining of @entity358 , damage and/or destruction of endothelial cells in these areas, plugging of @entity358 with neutrophils that are in direct contact with vascular basement membrane, the presence of fibrin in alveolar spaces and in areas adjacent to damaged endothelial cells, and @entity548 . @entity651 is dramatically attenuated in animals that have been previously neutrophil depleted. Teh intravenous injection of @entity224 dismutase or @entity2196 also provides significant protection from the @entity358 . Very little protection from the @entity358 . Very little protection is afforded by pretreatment of rats with @entity16206 . These studies suggest that intravascular activation of the complement system leads to neutrophil aggregation and activation, intrapulmonary capillary sequestration of neutrophils, and @entity1317 , which may be related to production of toxic @entity26 metabolites by complement-activated neutrophils.

title: Intravascular activation of complement and @entity647 . Dependency on neutrophils and toxic XXXX metabolites.

entities_list: @entity16206 :: ('CHEBI:37956', 'Chemical') :: ['antihistamine']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraalveolar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury', 'lung injury']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary capillaries', 'lung alveolar capillaries', 'pulmonary damage']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Chemical fractionation is a widely used tool for the chemical and toxicological characterization of complex mixtures. The objective of this research was to compare two frequently employed methods for fractionating a wood preserving waste (WPW) containing @entity2555 ( @entity2556 ) and @entity211 ( @entity212 ). The first method involved fractionation of the WPW into acid, base, and neutral fractions using a liquid-liquid acid/base/neutral (A/B/N) technique. The second method utilized @entity5383 column chromatography to produce two fractions, A1 and A2. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used to quantify the chemical components in all fractions. The @entity5383 method recovered 473,338 mg of total @entity2556 (tPAHs) per kilogram crude, while the A/B/N method yielded only 193,379 mg tPAHs/kg crude. In contrast, the A/B/N method recovered 13.7 mg @entity212 /kg crude while the @entity5383 method yielded only 0.5 mg @entity212 /kg crude. Three bioassays were used to determine the @entity137 of the crude extract and fractions. The neutral and A1 fractions contained the highest levels of tPAHs and @entity3014 ( @entity3015 ) but failed to induce a positive response in the Salmonella/microsome assay with concentrations containing as much as 1800 and 2500 ng BaP/plate, respectively. In the @entity526 prophage induction assay, the acid fraction, which contained 472 mg @entity212 /kg fraction, induced a positive response, as did the base fraction, which did not contain detectable @entity212 . Significant reduction of gap junctional intercellular communication in hepatic cells occurred with the crude extract and acid, base, and neutral fractions. Overall, the results of these bioassays suggest that @entity212 genotoxicity was expressed in the acid fraction, whereas the cumulative genotoxicity of genotoxic @entity2556 appeared to be masked in the isolates from either fractionation method. The optimal fractionation method for a mixture of @entity16648 and @entity2556 may involve a refined hybrid method.

title: A comparison of two methods for fractionating complex mixtures in preparation for XXXX analysis.

entities_list: @entity211 :: ('MESH:D010416', 'Chemical') :: ['pentachlorophenol']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2555 :: ('MESH:D011084', 'Chemical') :: ['polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons']

entities_list: @entity16648 :: ('MESH:D002733', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorophenols']

entities_list: @entity3014 :: ('MESH:D001564', 'Chemical') :: ['benzo[a]pyrene']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: To determine if adjuvant @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), escalated weekly to @entity137 , could improve disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival by preventing recurrent disease, 60 @entity1 with potentially resectable stage III or IV @entity213 were stratified by primary site, stage, and nutritional status, then randomized by pairs to receive or not receive adjuvant @entity1500 . All received standard surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Five @entity1 were taken off study because of unresectability at the time of surgery, leaving 55 evaluable @entity1 . There were no statistically significant imbalances in known prognostic factors between the two treatment arms. @entity1500 was begun at 40 mg/m2 and escalated 10 mg/m2 weekly (four doses preoperatively; four doses postoperatively, preradiation therapy; eight doses postradiation therapy) to mucosal or hematologic @entity137 . The median peak @entity1500 dose achieved was 80 mg/m2. Although three @entity1 were hospitalized with @entity1500 @entity137 , none died of @entity1500 @entity137 . No @entity1 receiving @entity1500 had disease progression during treatment, and there was no @entity260 . Thirty-two @entity1 died (median survival, 19 months); 23 @entity1 are alive with median follow-up of 43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in actuarial DFS (P = 1.0) or overall survival (P = .61). Although @entity1 on the @entity1500 arm appeared to have less local and regional recurrences at first recurrence (thus more distant metastases), this did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). There was no significant difference between the sites of recurrence at @entity204 or last follow-up (P = .38).

title: Adjuvant @entity1499 escalated to @entity137 for resectable stage III and IV XXXX --a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['increase in postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['squamous head and neck carcinomas']

answer: @entity213 :: (MESH:C535575,Disease) :: ['squamous head and neck carcinomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: In decompensated @entity82 , the early innate immune response to the @entity2939 ( @entity2939 ) agonist, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is characterized by a hyper-production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypo-production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity688 . In LPS-stimulated non-cirrhotic immune cells, the constitutively active glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3 favors pro- vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines, by acting on gene induction. However, in these cells, @entity2939 dampens its own pro-inflammatory response by inducing early (within minutes) @entity584 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity9459 (one of two GSK3 isoforms) on Ser9. Phosphorylation of @entity9459 (Ser9) inhibits its activity, decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increases @entity688 . Thus, we investigated the role of GSK3 in LPS-induced cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or monocytes from @entity1 with advanced @entity82 and normal subjects. METHODS: Cells were pre-incubated with or without GSK3 inhibitor ( @entity25650 or @entity13557 ) for 1h and then stimulated with LPS. Cytokine production was assessed at mRNA and secreted proteins levels, by real-time RT-PCR at 1h and ELISA at 20 h, respectively. @entity9459 phosphorylation was assessed using Western blotting. RESULTS: In cirrhotic and normal PBMCs pretreated with GSK3 inhibitors, LPS-induced production of pro-inflammatory proteins @entity310 and IL-12p40 was significantly decreased while that of @entity688 was increased. LPS-induced, @entity584 -mediated phosphorylation of @entity9459 on Ser9 found in normal monocytes, was abolished in cirrhotic cells. CONCLUSIONS: GSK3 is involved in the early @entity2939 -mediated pro-inflammatory response in @entity1 with decompensated @entity82 . This was associated with a defect in @entity584 -mediated @entity9459 phosphorylation resulting in unrestricted 'pro-inflammatory' activity of the enzyme.

title: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 involvement in the excessive proinflammatory response to LPS in @entity1 with decompensated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity13557 :: ('MESH:D018021', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium chloride']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']