abstract: AIMS: Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of @entity2690 resistance (IR) and @entity209 . However, a subset of @entity28 individuals, referred to as @entity28 ( @entity28 ) individuals, are protected from @entity28 -associated @entity209 . Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the @entity2690 -sensitive to the @entity2690 -resistant, @entity28 ( @entity28 ) phenotype. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) @entity1 @entity1386 revealed that both types of cells are altered in the @entity28 state. Specifically, the @entity2041 redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of @entity28 individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced @entity28 @entity19 and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to @entity2365 . In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired @entity2690 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION: This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in @entity1 @entity28 , which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with @entity2690 signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity409 and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in @entity28 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 597-612.

title: Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises @entity2690 Sensitivity in XXXX Obesity.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['metabolically unhealthy obese', 'MHO', 'metabolically healthy obese', 'obese', 'obesity', 'MUHO']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['proteasomal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disease', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['adipose tissue', 'AT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Thirty-five eligible @entity1 with disseminated @entity320 received intramuscular recombinant leukocyte interferon (IFN-rA), 50 X 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly (TIW) for an intended duration of 12 weeks concomitant with daily oral @entity4444 , 1,200 mg/d in four divided doses. For all study @entity1 , the median survival time was six months. Among 21 "good risk" @entity1 (performance score [PS] 0, 1 and no prior chemotherapy), we observed seven partial regressions (33%). Six @entity1 had stability of disease (29%), seven had immediate disease progression, and one discontinued treatment after two doses without @entity5 evaluation due to side effects. Times to disease progression of five @entity1 with regressions of soft-tissue disease were 2.1, 3.3, 3.5, 3.7, and 4.3 months. Two @entity1 had partial regressions of lung nodules for 2.0 and 3.8 months. We observed one regression among 14 "poor risk" @entity1 (PS 2, 3, or prior chemotherapy). A 46-year-old @entity1 with prior treatment had a partial regression of soft-tissue disease for 4.1 months. Four "poor risk" @entity1 @entity66 stability, and nine progressed immediately. @entity1431 (WBC count less than 4,100/microL) affected 21 (66%) of 32 @entity1 with WBC count data. The median count was 3,100/microL; range, 1,300 to 8,400/microL. We detected two cases of mild @entity882 (100,000 and 120,000/microL). Other noteworthy @entity137 included moderate-to-severe @entity390 (34%), @entity448 (63%), and fatigue (80%). All @entity1 experienced @entity925 . Twenty @entity1 had dosage decreases during the first cycle, and 14 of the 16 @entity1 remaining on study after the first cycle required dosage reductions. The overall response rate is similar to our prior studies with IFN-rA as a single agent using TIW doses of 50 X 10(6) U/m2 and 12 X 10(6) U/m2 among 31 and 30 @entity1 , respectively.

title: Phase II study of recombinant leukocyte A interferon (IFN-rA) plus @entity4444 in disseminated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['achieved disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['Leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['malignant melanoma']


abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity5 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity5 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity5 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity134 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity5 which had neither the @entity172 nor @entity1420 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity172 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity1420 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity134 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity134 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity134 receptors and higher probability of the @entity5 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity3 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of XXXX receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in @entity1 with @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast tumors']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: The @entity1063 (NA)-induced cation current was investigated in neurones freshly isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 using the @entity8701 -perforated patch recording configuration. Under current-clamp conditions, NA depolarized the membrane, eliciting repetitive action potentials. NA evoked an inward cation current under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of -60 mV. The NA-induced current was inhibited by extracellular @entity141 or @entity1025 , with a half-maximal concentration of 13 microM for @entity141 and 1.2 mM for @entity1025 . @entity20253 mimicked the NA response, and @entity3159 and @entity13397 inhibited the NA-induced current, suggesting the contribution of an alpha1-adrenoceptor. The NA-induced current was inhibited by @entity4385 , a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor. The membrane-permeable @entity9423 blocker @entity9422 also blocked the NA-induced current. Furthermore, pretreatment with @entity2426 and @entity11008 could inhibit the NA response while @entity10756 , @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ) and @entity866 had no effect. These results suggest that NA activates the extracellular @entity141 - and @entity1025 -sensitive cation channels via alpha 1-adrenoceptors in neurones freshly isolated from @entity35 cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 . This activation mechanism also involves phosphoinositide breakdown, release of @entity141 from intracellular @entity141 stores and calmodulin. The cation channels activated by NA may play an important role in neuronal membrane depolarization in @entity35 cardiac @entity21 .

title: Alpha 1-adrenoceptor-activated cation currents in neurones acutely isolated from XXXX cardiac parasympathetic @entity21 .

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity9422 :: ('MESH:C511704', 'Chemical') :: ['xestospongin-C']

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['ganglia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity8701 :: ('MESH:D009761', 'Chemical') :: ['nystatin']

entities_list: @entity20253 :: ('MESH:C014282', 'Chemical') :: ['Cirazoline']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The fixation of gamma-rays induced @entity16 ( @entity16 ) caused after treatment either with beta-araA or in medium made hypertonic by the addition of @entity2827 was studied in plateau phase @entity3569 V79 cells. Treatment with beta-araA was found to affect a sector of @entity16 , the fixation of which specifically reduced the shoulder width of the survival curve. The effect was maximized when cell survival reached levels corresponding to an exponential line, with a slope similar to the final slope of the survival curve of untreated cells. This effect was achieved by a four hour treatment with beta-araA at concentrations above 150 microM. Longer treatment times or incubation at higher beta-araA concentrations did not significantly enhance the effect. Treatment in hypertonic medium, on the other hand, enhanced cell killing in a concentration dependent ( @entity1219 -concentration) way and the survival reached values much lower than those corresponding to an exponential line. No indication for a plateau in the effect, indicating complete fixation of the sector of @entity16 that reacts sensitively to this treatment, was obtained. Both the slope and the shoulder width of the survival curve were affected, the slope first being increased after short treatment times (up to 10 min), followed by a decrease in the shoulder width after longer treatment times (longer than 10 min). Lesions fixed after treatment with beta-araA were repaired within four hours, whereas the repair of lesions fixed after treatment in hypertonic medium (460 mM @entity1219 , 30 min) appeared to be biphasic, with a fast component (completed in about one hour) correlated with a decrease in the slope and a slow component (completed in four hours) correlated with restoration of the shoulder width. Based on these results, we suggest that two types of @entity16 may be induced in plateau phase V79 cells after exposure to gamma-rays. One, the repair of which is completed within about one hour and which affects the slope of the survival curve, and a second, the repair of which takes place in a few hours and which specifically affects the survival curve shoulder width. The terms beta- @entity16 and alpha- @entity16 are suggested for the first and second component, respectively. Comparison of the repair rates of alpha- @entity16 as measured with the help of beta-araA and of sublethal damage as measured in split-dose experiments indicated that these two cellular repair processes have very similar kinetics when measured under the same experimental conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Evidence for the induction of two types of potentially lethal damage after exposure of plateau phase XXXX V79 cells to gamma-rays.

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['PLD', 'potentially damage']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acne scars are difficult to treat. @entity272 ( @entity272 ) is a technique using high strength @entity2804 ( @entity2974 ) focally on the @entity2318 to induce collagenization and cosmetic improvement. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity272 technique using 100% @entity2974 in @entity12967 in dark skin types IV and V. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with ice pick @entity2318 were initially primed for 2 weeks before the procedure. The priming agents used were @entity8156 4% applied in the morning and tretinoin 0.025% in the night. Sunscreens were advised to prevent @entity2117 . Subsequently, they underwent focal application of 100% @entity2974 with a wooden toothpick in each individual scar, at 2 weekly intervals, for four sessions. Improvement was assessed by the physician, photographic assessment by an independent investigator, and @entity1 feedback by visual analogue scale after the fourth treatment. RESULTS: Excellent improvement (more than 70%) was observed in the majority of @entity1 (73.3%), while 20% @entity1 showed good improvement (50-70%) and 6.7% @entity1 had fair results (30-49%) at the end of four sessions. Transient @entity4182 was observed in one @entity1 and @entity2117 in two @entity1 . However, no significant adverse effects such as prolonged pigmentary changes or scarring were noted. CONCLUSION: Treatment of ice pick @entity2318 with the @entity272 technique using high strength 100% @entity2974 is a safe, minimally invasive, efficacious, and cost-effective technique in darker skin. Adequate priming and continued use of @entity8156 and @entity1968 reduces complications and promotes healing.

title: Evaluation of @entity272 technique with 100% XXXX in the management of ice pick @entity2318 in darker skin types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity12967 :: ('MESH:D051270', 'Disease') :: ['ice pick scars']

entities_list: @entity4182 :: ('MESH:D017496', 'Disease') :: ['hypopigmentation']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic acne scars', 'acne scars']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity2117 :: ('MESH:D017495', 'Disease') :: ['postinflammatory hyperpigmentation', 'hyperpigmentation']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['Chemical reconstruction of skin scars', 'CROSS']

entities_list: @entity2804 :: ('MESH:D014238', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroacetic acid']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['tretinoin']

answer: @entity2974 :: (CHEBI:30956,Chemical) :: ['TCA']


abstract: BACKGROUND: By measuring the pressure decline caused by coronary narrowing, fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an index of the physiological significance of a @entity850 . Intracoronary electrocardiogram (IC-ECG) recording from an angioplasty guidewire is more sensitive than standard ECG in detecting regional @entity741 . The aim of the study was to assess if unipolar IC-ECG ST segment recording from angioplasty guidewire during maximal pharmacologic vasodilation could be used as an indirect estimation of FFR results. METHODS: Forty-eight clinically stable @entity1 with intermediate @entity850 underwent FFR evaluation and IC-ECG recording during intravenous @entity859 infusion. RESULTS: FFR values were  <= 0.80 in 26 (54%) @entity1 and > 0.80 in 22 (46%). After @entity859 , standard ECG was abnormal in only nine (19%) @entity1 , while IC-ECG showed a significant ST segment shift (IST) in 24 (50%) @entity1 : ST elevation in 19 @entity1 and @entity308 in five). IST was documented in 21/26 @entity1 with FFR  <= 0.80 (81%) and in 3/22 with FFR > 0.80 (p < 0.001). Sensitivity of IST for predicting an abnormal FFR value was 81%, specificity 86%, positive and negative predictive accuracies were 88% and 79%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intracoronary ST segment shift evaluation during @entity859 infusion may be of value in assessing the functional significance of a borderline @entity850 . The presence of IST during @entity859 infusion could obviate the need for additional FFR evaluation.

title: Intracoronary electrocardiogram ST segment shift evaluation during intravenous XXXX infusion: a comparison with fractional flow reserve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['vessel stenosis', 'stenosis']

answer: @entity859 :: (MESH:D000241,Chemical) :: ['adenosine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of @entity2213 in the treatment of @entity7087 ( @entity7087 ). METHODS: In this phase IIa, open-label, single-arm clinical trial, 30 @entity1 with @entity7087 were treated with @entity2213 400 mg daily. @entity1 were monitored monthly for safety assessments. @entity272 ( @entity272 ) were assessed every 3 months. Pulmonary function testing, chest radiography, echocardiography and skin biopsies were performed at baseline and after 12 months of treatment. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 completed 12 months of therapy. 171 adverse events (AE) with possible relation to @entity2213 were identified; 97.6% were grade 1 or 2. Twenty-four serious AE were identified, two of which were attributed to study medication. @entity272 decreased by 6.6 points or 22.4% at 12 months (p=0.001). This change was evident starting at the 6-month time point (/\=-4.5; p<0.001) and was seen in @entity1 with both early and late-stage disease. Forced vital capacity (FVC) improved by 6.4% predicted (p=0.008), and the diffusion capacity remained stable. The improvement in FVC was significantly greater in @entity1 without @entity401 . Health-related quality of life measures improved or remained stable. Blinded dermatopathological analysis confirmed a significant decrease in skin thickness and improvement in skin morphology. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity2213 was tolerated by most @entity1 in this cohort. Although AE were common, most were mild to moderate. In this open-label experience, improvements in skin thickening and FVC were observed. Further investigation of @entity669 kinase inhibition for @entity7087 in a double-blind randomised placebo controlled trial is warranted. ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00555581.

title: XXXX (Gleevec) in the treatment of @entity7087 : results of a 1-year, phase IIa, single-arm, open-label clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['MRSS', 'Modified Rodnan skin scores']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial lung disease']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['dcSSc', 'diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['Imatinib mesylate']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the short- and long-term rates of @entity64 associated with primary angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement using a meta-analysis of published studies. Both primary angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement have been proposed as treatment strategies for symptomatic @entity4522 to reduce the risk of @entity64 with best medical treatment alone. However, it remains unclear which of these endovascular techniques offers the best risk reduction. METHODS: We identified pertinent studies published between January 1980 and May 2008 using a search on PubMed and Cochrane libraries, supplemented by a review of bibliographies of selected publications. The incidences of @entity64 were estimated for each report and pooled for both angioplasty alone and angioplasty with stent placement at 1 month and 1 year postintervention and then compared using a random-effects model. The association of year of publication and 1-year incidence of @entity64 was analyzed with meta-regression. RESULTS: After applying our selection criteria, we included 69 studies (33 primary angioplasty-alone studies [1027 @entity1 ] and 36 studies of angioplasty with stent placement [1291 @entity1 ]) in the analysis. There were a total of 91 @entity64 reported in the angioplasty-alone-treated group (8.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.1%-10.6%), compared with 104 @entity64 in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (8.1%; 95% CI, 6.6%-9.5%) during a 1-month period (relative risk [RR], 1.1; P = 0.48). The pooled incidence of 1-year @entity64 in @entity1 treated with angioplasty alone was 19.7% (95% CI, 16.6%-23.5%), compared with 14.2% (95% CI, 11.9%-16.9%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated @entity1 (RR, 1.39; P = 0.009). The incidence of technical success was 79.8% (95% CI, 74.7%-84.8%) in the angioplasty-alone group and 95% (95% CI, 93.4%-96.6%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (RR, 0.84; P < 0.0001). The pooled restenosis rate was 14.2% (95% CI, 11.8-16.6%) in the angioplasty-alone group, as compared with 11.1% (95% CI, 9.2%-13.0%) in the angioplasty-with-stent-treated group (RR, 1.28; P = 0.04). There was no effect of the publication year of the studies on the risk of @entity64 . CONCLUSION: Risk of 1-year @entity64 and rate of @entity256 may be lower in symptomatic @entity4522 @entity1 treated by angioplasty with stent placement compared with @entity1 treated by angioplasty alone.

title: Comparison between primary angioplasty and stent placement for symptomatic XXXX : meta-analysis of case series.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke-and/or-deaths', 'stroke-and/or-death']

entities_list: @entity256 :: ('MESH:D023903', 'Disease') :: ['angiographic restenosis']

entities_list: @entity4522 :: ('MESH:D002537', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease', 'intracranial atherosclerosis']

answer: @entity4522 :: (MESH:D002537,Disease) :: ['intracranial atherosclerotic disease']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Quasi-experimental pre-post design with 6-month follow-up. OBJECTIVES: Active Living Leaders Training Program (ALLTP) equips individuals with knowledge and skills to encourage those with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) to increase their leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). The purpose of this pilot study was to, first, (i) evaluate @entity1 ' perceptions of the relevance/usefulness of ALLTP material/presentation, (ii) examine changes in @entity1 ' self-efficacy to promote LTPA, (iii) identify program components associated with greater self-efficacy and, second, measure @entity1 ' use of ALLTP skills and resources over the subsequent 6 months. SETTING: Canada. METHODS: Six @entity1566 fitness trainers and six adults with @entity1566 completed the three sections of ALLTP and, after each section, provided feedback. Six months later, @entity1 ' use of resources and skills was assessed. Means, standard deviations, repeated measures analysis of variance and Pearson's correlations were computed. RESULTS: Relevance/usefulness of the program was rated favorably. Self-efficacy to speak about and encourage LTPA remained high throughout the ALLTP and was positively correlated with the relevance/usefulness of program content and presentation. At follow-up, @entity1 had discussed LTPA with an average of seven @entity1 with disabilities and reported using at least one skill and resource from the ALLTP during those discussions. CONCLUSIONS: Users had positive perceptions of ALLTP and reported using the training to promote LTPA to others with disabilities. @entity1 feedback has been used to improve ALLTP. ALLTP can now be used to train @entity1 with @entity1566 and @entity1566 fitness trainers to promote LTPA to others with disabilities.

title: Active Living Leaders Training Program for adults with XXXX : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participant', 'people']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: The index case of @entity62 ( @entity62 ) is presented in adult broodstock prawns @entity15103 from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 other families displayed @entity39197 . Low-grade chronic mortalities approaching 100% over 1 yr occurred. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were attempted for both @entity72755 (MrNV) with 2 sets of primers and for the satellite virus, extrasmall virus (XSV). All 3 PCRs generated amplicons of the expected sizes. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses of the 3 consensus sequences identified a 91% match with MrNV viral capsid protein gene, 96% match with MrNV RNA-directed RNA polymerase gene, and a 99% match with @entity15103 XSV capsid protein gene. The clinical signs, @entity75 and RT-PCR amplicons could be reproduced in @entity15103 inoculated with cell-free extracts fulfilling River's postulates. We conclude that this is an endemic strain of MrNV as the sequences are dissimilar to strains of MrNV circulating around Asia and the Americas. This case only poorly meets the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) case definition for @entity62 due to the age of the prawns involved and the nature of the inclusion bodies. Perhaps the OIE case definition needs broadening.

title: @entity72755 disease ( XXXX ) in Australia.

entities_list: @entity15103 :: ('79674', 'Species') :: ['M. rosenbergii', 'Macrobrachium rosenbergii']

entities_list: @entity39197 :: ('MESH:D014912', 'Disease') :: ['white muscle lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['histopathological lesions']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WTD', 'white tail disease']

entities_list: @entity72755 :: ('222557', 'Species') :: ['M. rosenbergii nodavirus']

answer: @entity62 :: (MESH:D056784,Disease) :: ['white tail disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity645 incidence density for different exposure categories among @entity1 undergoing repeat testing in Ontario, Canada. METHODS: @entity1 using voluntary, diagnostic @entity645 testing at least twice were identified by computerized and manual record linkage. In the 1992-2000 period, 980 seroconverters and 340 994 repeat negative testers contributed 936 145 @entity1 years (PY) of observation. @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) was calculated according to Kitayaporn et al. Poisson regression was used to evaluate differences in incidence. RESULTS: Among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 (MSM), @entity2101 declined between 1992-1996, from 1.23 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.79 per 100 PY in 1996 [relative risk (RR), 0.86 per year; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.77-0.96]. Subsequently, @entity2101 increased to 1.39 per 100 PY in 1999 (RR, 1.18 per year; 95% CI, 1.05-1.34). In 2000, @entity2101 was 1.16 per 100 PY but this decrease was not statistically significantly different from 1999. MSM in their twenties had the highest @entity2101 in 1992-1996, but in 1996-2000 MSM in their thirties had the highest risk of @entity281 . Among injecting drug users (IDU), @entity2101 decreased from 0.64 per 100 PY in 1992 to 0.14 per 100 PY in 2000 (RR, 0.87 per year; 95% CI, 0.80-0.94). Among heterosexuals, annual incidence remained constant at about 0.03 per 100 PY in 1992-2000. CONCLUSIONS: Increases in @entity2101 were identified among MSM from 1996 to 1999. These findings are consistent with other research. Continued vigilance and improved surveillance are needed to better understand and control the epidemic.

title: Increases in @entity645 incidence among @entity1 who have sex with @entity1 undergoing repeat diagnostic XXXX testing in Ontario, Canada.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Persons', 'person', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2101 :: ('MESH:C538394', 'Disease') :: ['ID', 'Incidence density']

answer: @entity645 :: (57667,Species) :: ['HIV']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical audit is an essential task for the estimation of postoperative outcome and comparison of quality of care. Previous studies on surgical audits focused on short-term outcomes, such as postoperative mortality. We propose a surgical audit evaluating long-term outcome following @entity14 surgery. The predictive model for this audit is designated as 'Estimation of Postoperative Overall Survival for @entity14 (EPOS-CC)'. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity5 -related and physiological variables were prospectively collected in 889 @entity1 undergoing elective resection for @entity14 between April 2005 and April 2007 in 16 Japanese hospitals. Postoperative overall survival was assessed over a 5-years period. The EPOS-CC score was established by selecting significant variables in a uni- and multivariate analysis and allocating a risk-adjusted multiplication factor to each variable using Cox regression analysis. For validation, the EPOS-CC score was compared to the predictive power of UICC stage. Inter-hospital variability of the observed-to-estimated 5-years survival was assessed to estimate quality of care. RESULTS: Among the 889 @entity1 , 804 (90  %) completed the 5-years follow-up. Univariate analysis displayed a significant correlation with 5-years survival for 14 physiological and nine @entity5 -related variables (p  <  0.005). Highly significant p-values below 0.0001 were found for age, ASA score, severe @entity358 , respiratory history, performance status, @entity4988 , alteration of hemoglobin, serum @entity1372 level, and for all histological variables except @entity5 location. Age, @entity2802 stage, lymphatic invasion, performance status, and serum @entity1372 level were independent variables in the multivariate analysis and were entered the EPOS-CC model for the prediction of survival. Risk-adjusted multiplication factors between 1.5 (distant metastasis) and 0.16 (serum @entity1372 level) were accorded to the different variables. The predictive power of EPOS-CC was superior to the one of UICC stage; area under the curve 0.87, 95  % CI 0.85-0.90 for EPOS-CC, and 0.80, 0.76-0.83 for UICC stage, p  <  0.001. Quality of care did not differ between hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: The EPOS-CC score including the independent variables age, performance status, serum @entity1372 level, @entity2802 stage, and lymphatic invasion is superior to the UICC stage in the prediction of 5-years overall survival. This higher accuracy might be explained by the inclusion of physiological factors, thus also taking non- @entity5 -associated deaths into account. Furthermore, EPOS-CC score may compare quality of care among different institutions. Future studies are necessary to further evaluate this score and help improving the prediction of long-term survival following @entity14 surgery.

title: The EPOS-CC Score: An Integration of Independent, Tumor- and XXXX -Associated Risk Factors to Predict 5-years Overall Survival Following @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4988 :: ('MESH:D034141', 'Disease') :: ['hypoalbuminemia']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal Cancer', 'colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: Salt-induced elevation of the endogenous digitalis like @entity1372 pump ligand @entity36454 ( @entity7584 ) in the Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 resulted in elevated blood pressure (BP). Here, we tested, in @entity1 , whether @entity7584 levels are related to ambulatory 24-h BP (ABP), controlled long-term increase of salt-intake induces changes in @entity7584 and any salt-induced change in @entity7584 is related to salt sensitivity. METHODS:: Thirty-nine healthy individuals (53  11 years old; 20 @entity1 and 19 @entity1 ) had a total daily @entity1219 intake of 50mmol (low-salt) and 150mmol (high-salt) for 4 weeks each, in a random order. ABP and @entity7584 in plasma and urine were measured at baseline (unstandardized salt intake) and after high and low-salt intake. RESULTS:: At baseline, plasma @entity7584 (P- @entity7584 ) was related to 24-h SBP (r=0.43, P=0.007) and DBP (r=0.32, P=0.047), whereas 24-h urinary excretion of @entity7584 (UE- @entity7584 ) was related to 24-h DBP only (r=0.42, P=0.008). Sex-specific analyses revealed that these relationships were significant in @entity1 only. Compared with low-salt, high-salt diet increased P- @entity7584 (P=0.029), mainly driven by results in @entity1 . Male P- @entity7584 responders vs. nonresponders (above vs. below median of high-salt induced P- @entity7584 increase) had markedly enhanced SBP (10.4  6.4 vs. 1.0  6.0mmHg; P=0.003) and DBP (6.7  5.0 vs. -0.6  3.6mmHg; P=0.001) salt sensitivity. CONCLUSION:: In @entity1 , @entity7584 increases with 24-h ABP, and similar to Dahl salt-sensitive @entity35 , 4 weeks of high-salt induced @entity7584 response is accompanied by marked salt sensitivity. However, these patterns seem to be sex-specific and are not observed in @entity1 .

title: Plasma level of the endogenous @entity1372 pump ligand marinobufagenin is related to the salt-sensitivity in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity36454 :: ('MESH:C093896', 'Chemical') :: ['marinobufagenin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: We have investigated the suitability of a recently identified and characterized population of neuronal progenitor cells for their potential use in the replacement of degenerating or damaged neurons in the @entity1 brain. The unique population of neuronal progenitor cells is situated in a well-delineated region of the anterior part of the neonatal subventricular zone (referred to as SVZa). This region can be separated from the remaining proliferative, gliogenic, subventricular zone encircling the lateral ventricles of the forebrain. Because the neurons arising from the highly enriched neurogenic progenitor cell population of the SVZa ordinarily migrate considerable distances and ultimately express the neurotransmitters @entity1246 and @entity935 , we have examined whether they could serve as an alternative source of tissue for neural transplantation. SVZa cells from postnatal day 0-2 @entity35 , prelabeled by intraperitoneal injections of the cell proliferation marker @entity1603 , were implanted into the striatum of adult @entity35 approximately 1 mo after unilateral denervation by @entity2955 . To examine the spatio-temporal distribution and phenotype of the transplanted SVZa cells, the experimental recipients were perfused at short (less than 1 wk), intermediate (2-3 wk) and long (5 mo) postimplantation times. The host brains were sectioned and stained with an antibody to @entity1603 and one of several cell-type specific markers to determine the phenotypic characteristics of the transplanted SVZa cells. To identify neurons we used the neuron-specific antibody TuJ1, or antimembrane-associated protein 2 ( @entity19744 ), and anti- @entity40 was used to identify astrocytic glia. At all studied intervals the majority of the surviving SVZa cells exhibited a neuronal phenotype. Moreover, morphologically they could be distinguished from the cells of the host striatum because they resembled the intrinsic granule cells of the olfactory bulb, their usual fate. At longer times, a greater number of the transplanted SVZa cells had migrated from their site of implantation, often towards an outlying blood vessel, and the density of cells within the core of the transplant was reduced. Furthermore, there were rarely signs of transplant rejection or a @entity66 surrounding the transplant. In the core of the transplant there were low numbers of @entity40 -positive cells, indicating that the transplanted SVZa cells, predominantly TuJ1-positive/MAP2-positive, express a neuronal phenotype. Collectively, the propensity of the SVZa cells to express a neuronal phenotype and to survive and integrate in the striatal environment suggest that they may be useful in the reconstruction of the brain following CNS @entity66 .

title: Neuronal progenitor cells of the neonatal subventricular zone differentiate and disperse following transplantation into the adult XXXX striatum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury or disease', 'glial scar']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of acupoint-injection and intramuscular-injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid for @entity565 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 with @entity565 were equally randomized into acupoint-injection group and intramuscular-injection group. For @entity1 of the acupoint-injection group, 2 mL of BCG was injected into bilateral Feishu (BL 13, 1 mL for one side) once per day in the first 15 days, and once every other day in the rest 2.5 months except weekends. Intramuscular-injection was conducted at the lateral sites of the left or right buttock, 2 mL/time for each site, and the injection frequency was the same to that of the acupoint-injection. The therapeutic effect was assessed according to the standards of Guide Principles for Clinical Research of New Chinese Herbal Drugs (2002) and Asthma Group of Breathing Diseases of China Medical Association (2008). Changes of FEV 1 (forced expiratory volume in the first second)/FVC (forced vital capacity) and PEF% (peak expiratory flow) were detected using a pulmonary function detector. Serum IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE contents were assayed by using an autonomic biochemical analyzer. RESULTS: After 3 months' treatment, the scores of @entity1 ' symptoms and signs and serum IgE and IgG levels were significantly decreased in both muscular-injection and acupoint-injection groups (P<0.01), while asthma controlled test (ACT) scores FEV 1/FVC% and PEF% values were considerably increased in both groups compared to pre-treatment in the same one group (P<0.01). The effects of acupoint-injection were markedly superior to those of the intramuscular-injection in reducing clinical symptom-sign score, and serum IgE content, and in up-regulating ACT score, FEV 1/FVC% and PEF% levels (P<0.05, P<0.01). There were no significant differences in serum IgG, IgA and IgM levels between the two groups 3 months following the treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupoint-injection of BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid can effectively improve @entity565 @entity1 ' clinical symptoms and sings and pulmonary function, which may be closely associated with its function in down-regulating serum IgE and IgG levels.

title: [Comparison of therapeutic effects between acupoint-injection and intramuscular-injection of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin polysaccharide nucleic acid for XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial asthma']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['bronchial asthma']


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effects of the crosslinking agent @entity7655 (CA) on differentiation of @entity1 dental pulp cells (hDPCs) cultured in a collagen hydrogel, which may be useful as a scaffold for regenerative endodontic therapy. METHODOLOGY: The odontogenic potential of hDPCs exposed to CA was examined using @entity623 ( @entity623 ) activity, @entity6033 staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for odontogenic gene expression. The morphological features of hDPCs cultured in CA-treated collagen were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Determination of cell numbers for evaluating proliferation was assessed by optical and fluorescence microscopy. To assess the mechanical properties of collagen treated with CA, setting time, compressive strength, and surface roughness were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test compared with control (P = 0.05). RESULTS: CA per se did not increase @entity623 activity, @entity460 nodule formation, and expression of odontogenic-related markers (P > 0.05). On the contrary, the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs cultured in a collagen scaffold was promoted in the presence of CA (P < 0.05). The setting time was significantly shortened, and the compressive strength and surface roughness were increased by treatment with CA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Crosslinking of collagen scaffolds by CA had beneficial effects with respect to attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of hDPCs. Consequently, the application of crosslinking agents such as CA may represent a new strategy for dentine-pulp complex regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Behaviour of @entity1 dental pulp cells cultured in a collagen hydrogel scaffold crosslinked with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7655 :: ('MESH:C012843', 'Chemical') :: ['cinnamaldehyde']

entities_list: @entity6033 :: ('MESH:C004468', 'Chemical') :: ['Alizarin red S']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity623 :: ('250', 'Gene') :: ['ALP', 'alkaline phosphatase']

answer: @entity7655 :: (MESH:C012843,Chemical) :: ['cinnamaldehyde']


abstract: The aim of this work was to study in @entity35 the temporal course of laboratory parameters and morphologic features in @entity656 induced by @entity6139 ( @entity6140 -8) or by a closed duodenal loop. @entity788 was induced either with an @entity1445 of @entity6140 -8 (3 x 75 micrograms/kg at 1 h intervals) or by ligation of the duodenum on both sides of the bilio-pancreatic duct. The animals were examined at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h after AP induction. In @entity6140 -8-induced @entity656 , the pancreatic weight/body weight ratio (8.2 +/- 1.1 mg/g) and the amylase level (44.8 +/- 7.5 x 10(3) U/ml) were significantly increased vs. the controls (4.5 +/- 0.8 mg/g and 3.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(3) U/ml, respectively) 2 h after the intervention. The plasma @entity6140 was significantly increased at 4 h (4.55 +/- 1.7 pM) and remained elevated thereafter. The tissue @entity1234 concentration was significantly elevated at 8 h (0.28 +/- 0.07 mumol/mg pancreas) vs. the controls (0.20 +/- 0.02 mumol/mg pancreas). In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity656 , the ratio pancreatic weight/body weight steadily increased during the study; it reached its maximum level at 24 h (7.1 +/- 0.5 mg/g) vs. the sham-operated control (4.8 +/- 0.9 mg/g). The serum amylase level was significantly elevated at 2 h (47.1 +/- 9.3 x 10(3) U/ml), and then decreased steadily. Plasma @entity6140 values were significantly higher than the controls throughout the study. A significant increase in the tissue @entity1234 concentration (0.94 +/- 0.15 mumol/mg vs. 0.20 +/- 0.01 mumol/mg pancreas) appeared at 4 h. Our data indicate that in @entity6140 -8-induced @entity656 the laboratory signs of @entity788 are most expressed at 4 h, whereas the morphologic changes culminate 8 h, following the last @entity6140 injection. In closed duodenal loop-induced @entity656 , the histologic findings showed a progressive deterioration. Endogenous @entity6140 and @entity26 -derived free radicals seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of both types of @entity656 .

title: Time-course changes in pancreatic laboratory and morphologic parameters in two different XXXX models in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatitis', 'pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity656 :: ('MESH:D019283', 'Disease') :: ['acute pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity6139 :: ('MESH:D012844', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin octapeptide']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malonyldialdehyde']

answer: @entity656 :: (MESH:D019283,Disease) :: ['acute pancreatitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity1 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream alone (group 2), @entity616 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity158 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity616 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity1 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity616 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity1 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 provides better @entity158 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity1 , @entity1 with a larger prostate and @entity1 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 for XXXX control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['periprostatic nerve block']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The reorganization of the cellulose-xyloglucan matrix is proposed to serve as an important mechanism in the control of strength and extensibility of the plant primary cell wall. One of the key enzymes associated with xyloglucan metabolism is @entity70645 ( @entity70645 ), which catalyzes the endocleavage and religation of xyloglucan molecules. As with other plant species, XETs are encoded by a gene family in @entity523 ( @entity523 cv T5). In a previous study, we demonstrated that the @entity523 @entity70645 gene LeEXT was abundantly expressed in the rapidly expanding region of the etiolated hypocotyl and was induced to higher levels by auxin. Here, we report the identification of a new @entity523 @entity70645 gene, @entity70646 , that shows a different spatial expression and diametrically opposite pattern of auxin regulation from LeEXT. @entity70646 was expressed more abundantly in the mature nonelongating regions of the hypocotyl, and its mRNA abundance decreased dramatically following auxin treatment of etiolated hypocotyl segments. Analysis of the effect of several plant hormones on @entity70646 expression revealed that the inhibition of @entity70646 mRNA accumulation also occurred with cytokinin treatment. @entity70646 mRNA levels increased significantly in hypocotyl segments treated with @entity15150 , but this increase could be prevented by adding auxin or cytokinin to the incubation media. Recombinant @entity70646 protein obtained by heterologous expression in @entity10056 exhibited greater @entity70645 activity against xyloglucan from @entity523 than that from three other species. The opposite patterns of expression and differential auxin regulation of @entity70646 and LeEXT suggest that they encode XETs with distinct roles during plant growth and development.

title: Characterization of a XXXX @entity70645 gene that is down-regulated by auxin in etiolated hypocotyls.

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity70645 :: ('543626(Tax:4081)', 'Gene') :: ['XET', 'xyloglucan endotransglycosylase']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['tomato', 'Lycopersicon esculentum']

entities_list: @entity15150 :: ('CHEBI:28833', 'Chemical') :: ['gibberellin']

answer: @entity523 :: (4081,Species) :: ['tomato']


abstract: The effects of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 cycles in 2166 Japanese @entity1 with @entity249 were examined. The rates of ovulation, pregnancy, the @entity43 , @entity5852 , and @entity600 in the newborn were recorded, and the possible factors of multiple pregnancies were analyzed. Ovulation occurred in 73.2% of the cases and 64.5% of the treatment cycles. Pregnancy occurred in 23.0% of the cases and 8.6% of the cycles. @entity43 with grade I of WHO definition or more was observed in 10.3% of the cases and 5.3% of the cycles. The incidence of the @entity43 was high in amenorrheic @entity1 , who respond to @entity1871 with @entity548 . The multiple pregnancy rate was 20.5%, of which 13.0% was twins and 7.5% triplets or more. The abortion rate was 22.0%, and the abortion rate in multiple pregnancy was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in singleton pregnancy. The external @entity600 rate was 1.68% in the 594 newborn who could be examined. No significant differences were found in maternal factors, the treatment schedule, or the ovarian response to treatment in singleton and multiple pregnancy groups. This survey revealed that the efficacy and the incidence of adverse effects of Humegon-HCG therapy in a large number of Japanese @entity1 were not different from those in Caucasians except for a lower rate of multiple pregnancy, and no special causative factors for multiple pregnancy were found.

title: Results of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 treatment cycles of 2166 Japanese @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome', 'Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['anovulatory infertility']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['multiple pregnancy, abortion']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations', 'malformation']

entities_list: @entity1871 :: ('CHEBI:59826', 'Chemical') :: ['progestin']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['anovulatory infertility']


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence suggests that @entity2232 and its primary receptor, the ET(A) receptor, may contribute to the progression of prostate and other @entity5 . @entity9469 ( @entity11080 ) is a highly potent, selective ET(A) receptor antagonist. This study assessed safety, maximum tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics (PK) in @entity1 with @entity420 , primarily @entity263 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This 28-day, single-center Phase I trial evaluated the safety and PK of escalating oral @entity9469 doses (2.5-95 mg) given daily (except day 2) to eligible @entity1 >/==" BORDER="0">18 years old with an @entity420 proven resistant to standard therapy. Priority was given to @entity1 with @entity263 . After 28 days, @entity1 without objective signs of @entity5 progression were eligible to continue @entity9469 in an extension study. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (30 of whom had @entity263 ) were treated in cohorts of three @entity1 each with escalating @entity9469 doses (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 95 mg). The most common adverse events were @entity2490 , @entity10 , and peripheral @entity4 . @entity417 consistent with a reversible hemodilution effect was observed. No maximum tolerated dose was found in the dose range studied. @entity9469 PK were characterized by rapid absorption (mean T(max) = 0.9 h), mean +/- SD oral clearance of 24 +/- 15 liters/h, and volume distribution of 726 +/- 477 liters. PK were approximately dose-proportional and time independent across doses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9469 is well tolerated, with no dose-limiting adverse events observed up to 95 mg. Adverse events are consistent with the vasodilatory effect of the drug. PK are linear and dose-proportional; the half-life is appropriate for once-daily dosing.

title: Phase I dose-escalation study of the safety and pharmacokinetics of XXXX : an endothelin receptor antagonist for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['hormone-refractory prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity9469 :: ('MESH:C430623', 'Chemical') :: ['atrasentan', 'Atrasentan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma', 'refractory adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity9469 :: (MESH:C430623,Chemical) :: ['atrasentan']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity573 is the leading cause of pediatric acquired @entity299 in many industrialized countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity573 in acute stages in Taiwan, by linking the diagnosis code to medication and comparing the differences in epidemiological features with those of previous reports that used the diagnosis code alone. METHODS: We searched the National Health Insurance Research Database from 1997 to 2010. For the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision ( @entity1479 -9) set, all inpatients with a main diagnosis of @entity573 ( @entity1479 -9, 446.1) were retrieved. For the @entity1479 -9  +  intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) set, @entity573 in acute stages was defined as the disease stages requiring IVIG. The epidemiologic features were calculated and compared by both methods. RESULTS: The incidence rates for @entity1 under 5 years ranged from 21.5 to 68.5 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (average 49.1) for the @entity1479 -9  +  IVIG set and from 48.5 to 82.8 per 100,000 @entity1 -years (average 74.9) for the @entity1479 -9 set. Significant discrepancy in peak season estimation occurred in summer. The 5-year recurrence rate was 1.1% for the @entity1479 -9  +  IVIG set and 4.5% for the @entity1479 -9 set. The coronary complication rates were around 7.24% ( @entity1479 -9  +  IVIG) and 6.48% ( @entity1479 -9). CONCLUSION: Discrepancies occurred when different case definitions were used in claims data analysis. Previous reports might have overestimated the incidence, recurrence rate, and complication rate in older @entity1 . The new method might slightly underestimate them. The true incidence might lie in between.

title: Epidemiologic features of XXXX in acute stages in Taiwan, 1997-2010: Effect of different case definitions in claims data analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'person']

entities_list: @entity573 :: ('MESH:C537014', 'Disease') :: ['Kawasaki disease']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity573 :: (MESH:C537014,Disease) :: ['Kawasaki disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the ability of video recording to identify management errors in @entity130 resuscitation and to compare this method with medical record review. METHOD: The resuscitation of @entity1 who presented to the emergency department of the Royal @entity1 's Hospital between February 19, 2001, and August 18, 2002, for whom the @entity130 team was activated was video recorded. The tapes were analyzed, and management was compared with Advanced @entity130 Life Support guidelines. Deviations from these guidelines were recorded as errors. Fifty video recordings were analyzed independently by 2 reviewers. Medical record review was undertaken for a cohort of the most seriously injured @entity1 , and errors were identified. The errors detected with the 2 methods were compared. RESULTS: Ninety resuscitations were video recorded and analyzed. An average of 5.9 errors per resuscitation was identified with this method (range: 1-12 errors). Twenty-five @entity1 (28%) had an injury severity score of >11; there was an average of 2.16 errors per @entity1 in this group. Only 10 (20%) of these errors were detected in the medical record review. Medical record review detected an additional 8 errors that were not evident on the video recordings. Concordance between independent reviewers was high, with 93% agreement. CONCLUSIONS: Video recording is more effective than medical record review in detecting management errors in pediatric @entity130 resuscitation. @entity130 are common and often involve basic resuscitation principles. Resuscitation of the most seriously injured @entity1 was associated with fewer errors. Video recording is a useful adjunct to @entity130 .

title: Using video recording to identify management errors in pediatric XXXX resuscitation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma', 'Management errors in pediatric trauma resuscitation', 'trauma resuscitation auditing']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is an @entity13507 analogue of @entity3774 that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% lasts for up to 24 hours after a single topical dose, which allows for a once-daily dosage regimen. In @entity1 with @entity2790 or @entity1538 , a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% solution (about 1.5 microg) administered topically once daily reduced diurnal IOP by 22 to 39% over 1 to 12 months' treatment in well-controlled trials; efficacy was maintained during treatment periods of up to 2 years. At this dosage, latanoprost was significantly more effective than @entity6839 0.5% twice daily in 3 of 4 large, double-blind, randomised studies, was generally as effective as bimatoprost or travoprost, and was significantly more effective than @entity15438 , @entity16495 or @entity42316 . Furthermore, in @entity1 whose IOP was poorly controlled with @entity6839 , switching to latanoprost monotherapy was at least as effective at lowering IOP as adding @entity15438 or @entity2134 to the regimen. Latanoprost has also shown significant additive effects when used in combination with one or more @entity726 medications. The fixed combination of latanoprost plus @entity6839 was significantly more effective than either of its individual components in two double-blind randomised studies and more effective than the fixed combination of @entity15438 and @entity6839 in a 3-month, evaluator-masked study. Data in @entity1 with @entity2747 are limited, but in @entity1 with elevated IOP after undergoing iridotomy, latanoprost 0.005% once daily was significantly more effective than @entity6839 0.5% twice daily at reducing IOP over 12 weeks of treatment in a large double-blind, randomised study. Latanoprost is generally well tolerated and, unlike @entity6839 , induces minimal systemic adverse events. In well-controlled, 6-month trials, the most commonly occurring drug-related ocular events in latanoprost recipients were mild to moderate @entity3169 (3 to 15%) and iris colour change (2 to 9%); these seldom required @entity1 withdrawal although the latter may be permanent. Latanoprost 0.005% as a single daily drop has shown good IOP-lowering efficacy in @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity2790 and does not produce the cardiopulmonary adverse effects associated with beta-blockers. Thus, latanoprost is a valuable addition to the first-line treatment options for @entity1 with @entity1538 or @entity2790 . In addition, adjunctive treatment with latanoprost in @entity1 who are refractory to beta-blocker therapy is a viable, second-line treatment option. Although preliminary findings are promising, wider clinical experience is required to define the place of latanoprost in the treatment of @entity2747 .

title: Latanoprost : an update of its use in @entity726 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['other glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2134 :: ('MESH:D010862', 'Chemical') :: ['pilocarpine']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2alpha']

entities_list: @entity3169 :: ('MESH:D003229', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctival hyperaemia']

entities_list: @entity2747 :: ('MESH:D015812', 'Disease') :: ['angle-closure glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity42316 :: ('CHEBI:39455', 'Chemical') :: ['unoprostone']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: @entity25 is common among @entity1 in recovery from alcoholism and can precipitate relapse. Though @entity25 are commonly managed with medication, little is known about their management among recovering @entity988 @entity1 . We performed a postal survey of a self-weighted, random systematic sample of 503 members of the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) to examine addiction medicine physicians' medical management of @entity25 among @entity1 in early recovery from alcoholism. After 3 mailings, 311 (62%) responded. Of responents, 64% have offered pharmacological treatment to an insomniac, @entity988 @entity1 in the first 3 months after detoxification, but only 22% offered medication to more than half of such @entity1 . @entity3346 was the preferred therapy, chosen first by 38% of respondents, followed by other sedating antidepressants (12%), and antihistamines (12%). The mean duration of therapy for @entity3346 and other sedating antidepressants exceeded one month. Experts in addiction medicine appear reluctant to prescribe medication to sleep-disturbed @entity1 in early recovery from alcoholism. When they do prescribe, @entity3346 , other sedating antidepressants and antihistamines are favored, despite limited evidence for or against this indication. Although the treatment of @entity25 among @entity988 @entity1 in early recovery may have merit to prevent relapse, controlled studies of these sleep agents are needed.

title: Treatment of XXXX in alcohol recovery: a national survey of addiction medicine physicians.

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep complaints', 'disordered sleep', 'Sleep disturbance', 'sleep disturbance']

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['Trazodone', 'trazodone']

answer: @entity25 :: (MESH:D012893,Disease) :: ['sleep disturbance']


abstract: The hypothesis that satellite cells which leave denervated skeletal muscle might become circulating potential myoblasts which could participate in myogenesis in distant sites in the body has been tested. Sixteen @entity19 had one hindlimb denervated and were given 7 daily injections of @entity665 (3H-Tdr). One day later extensor digitorum longus muscle isografts from unlabelled @entity19 were inserted into each hindlimb. As controls, the procedure was repeated in 6 non-denervated labelled @entity19 . Fourteen days after their insertion, isografts in denervated @entity19 contained many labelled myotubes with a labelling index of 55 +/- 4% (mean +/- SEM). In the control isografts in non-denervated ice, 38 +/- 4% of myotube nuclei were labelled. The results show that either labelled cells, or 3H-Tdr, had transferred from the host to isografts in both cases. The probability of 3H-Tdr reutilization was demonstrated in regenerating livers of 8 similarly labelled @entity19 , where 34 +/- 3% hepatocytes adjacent to crush lesions were labelled after 14 days. This conclusion was reached because only 2-3% of normal hepatocytes incorporate 3H-Tdr under these conditions and this population is inadequate to provide sufficient labelled precursor cells for the large numbers of labelled regenerated hepatocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that 3H-Tdr reutilization is the most likely explanation for labelled myotube nuclei in the muscle isografts (rather than movement of labelled precursor cells), and that additional label for reutilization had been derived from breakdown of labelled cells in denervated muscle. The data do not support the hypothesis of a circulating precursor for skeletal muscle cells.

title: Can cells extruded from denervated skeletal muscle become circulating potential myoblasts? Implications of XXXX reutilization in regenerating muscle.

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['3H-thymidine']

answer: @entity665 :: (CHEBI:53526,Chemical) :: ['3H-thymidine']


abstract: CONCLUSION: @entity30558 is a chronic, specific, granuloma of the nose and other parts of the respiratory system. The disease is endemic in Egypt and many other countries. The causative organism is @entity4005 bacillus, proved by fulfilling Koch's postulates. The mode of infection is not known and its worldwide irregular geographical distribution is not understood. Lines of treatment are unsatisfactory and a tendency for recurrence is the rule. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to study the clinical presentation, microbiology, pathological staging, follow-up, and lines of treatment of new @entity30558 @entity1 admitted or seen at Alexandria Main University Hospital from January 1999 until January 2009. METHODS: Demographic data and the results of clinical, bacteriological, and histological examinations were reviewed. Medical and surgical treatments were evaluated. Follow-up as regards the results of treatment and incidence of recurrence was assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 were included in the study. There were 26 males and 30 females, and 85% of @entity1 presented in the third and fourth decades of life. The nose was affected in 100% of @entity1 . Other regions affected were the nasopharynx in 13 @entity1 , palate in 7 @entity1 , skin in 2 @entity1 , larynx in 3 @entity1 , @entity825 in 17 @entity1 , nasolacrimal duct in 2 @entity1 , and premaxilla in 1 @entity1 . No lymph node affection was reported. @entity4005 strain III was isolated from 100% of patients. Antibiotics used were a combination of @entity799 400 mg and @entity1215 300 mg twice daily for 3 months. Since 2003, this was replaced by @entity2177 500 mg twice daily for 3 months. Surgical procedures performed were removal of nasal granulations, @entity384 , @entity162 of @entity272 , tracheostomy, and repair of pharyngeal stenosis. Results were disappointing, as a large number of @entity1 did not attend for follow-up. A high incidence of recurrence was found, reaching up to 25% within 10 years.

title: XXXX : an updated experience through the last 10 years.

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar coagulation']

entities_list: @entity799 :: ('MESH:D015662', 'Chemical') :: ['trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['bronchoscopic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis']

entities_list: @entity30558 :: ('MESH:D012226', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoscleroma', 'Rhinoscleroma']

answer: @entity30558 :: (MESH:D012226,Disease) :: ['Rhinoscleroma']


abstract: In severe @entity542 , delayed intracerebral @entity1410 appearing lately is noted due to the spread use of serial CT scan. The authors experienced the autopsy of 5 cases who presented @entity21 ( @entity21 ) among these new lesions in repeated CT scan findings and report the pathohistological findings. Subjects were as follows: The age range of the @entity1 was 15 to 25 years. The consciousness levels of the 5 cases on admission were 6 or less by the Glasgow @entity772 scale. CT findings of @entity21 were revealed @entity548 of the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, tegmentum of pons, intraventricular, and acute @entity4 . Total clinical courses were 2 to 29 days, but most of them were 9 or less days. In the macroscopic findings, marked congestion and @entity4 revealed @entity62 in all 5 cases. Callosal disruption and @entity1410 adjacent the corpus callosum revealed in 4 out of 5 cases. @entity131 with @entity548 revealed in 3 out of 5 cases. @entity548 and @entity510 revealed in 2 out of 5 cases. @entity548 of basal ganglia and base of pons revealed in 2 cases. Microscopic examination of all 5 cases revealed @entity17 and white matter surrounding @entity548 , and abnormal tortuous, swelling and fragmentation of axons in stained preparation. Axonal retraction ball was recognized in 3 out of 5 cases. In conclusion, five autopsied cases who presented acute @entity4 and @entity548 of corpus callosum and tegmentum of pons in serial CT scan were examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Clinicopathological studies of XXXX --five autopsy cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral contusion']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['pallor of myelin in the corpus callosum']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Intraventricular hemorrhage', 'hemorrhagic lesion', 'hemorrhage', 'Hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'brain swelling']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injuries']

entities_list: @entity21 :: ('MESH:D001480', 'Disease') :: ['DAI', 'diffuse axonal injury']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['mainly in deep part of the white matter of the frontal lobe']

answer: @entity21 :: (MESH:D001480,Disease) :: ['diffuse axonal injury']


abstract: @entity6104 was found in three @entity1 who presented with @entity299 . In two @entity1 , @entity6104 had been present for more than 30 years and had been previously unrecognized. These @entity1 included a 67 year old @entity1 with complete @entity616 of 13 years' duration, and his son, who had @entity714 and chronic generalized @entity296 . A chart review of 19 other @entity1 with @entity6104 who were seen at this institution disclosed five @entity1 with @entity616 . Transient first-degree @entity616 was the most common disturbance detected and was usually associated with active @entity6104 . Some @entity616 appeared after a long latent period at a time when other manifestations of @entity6104 were inactive. An association with this disorder was therefore not obvious. In all five @entity1 with @entity6104 and conduction disturbances, testing for @entity4788 antigen gave positive results. Both clinical and histopathologic changes in the heart in @entity6104 are analogous to those in @entity1691 , also associated with @entity4788 antigen. We suggest that the heart, like the joints and iris, may be a target organ for @entity4788 -associated disease by a mechanism that remains to be defined.

title: @entity299 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction disturbances']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block', 'conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity6104 :: (MESH:D016918,Disease) :: ['Reiter's syndrome']


abstract: @entity19 homozygous for the mutation @entity43048 develop a lethal @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and have abnormal elevations of @entity2819 in the postnatal period. We examined the development of these elevated glucocorticoid levels in early life. The histological progression of a cystic lesion of the biliary ducts in older heterozygotes was also studied. Normal @entity19 had low (less than 85 nmol/liter) or undetectable (less than 36 nmol/liter) levels from the sixth to twelfth day of life. @entity2819 levels were significantly higher in all homozygote ( @entity43048 / @entity43048 ) and some of the normal sibs, who were presumed to be heterozygote ( @entity43048 /+) @entity19 compared to age-matched controls from day seven to 12. @entity2819 levels were similar from the fifteenth day. A significant proportion of adult obligate heterozygotes from breeding pairs were found to have focal areas of @entity384 of the biliary ducts, in the absence of any @entity8 . The incidence of this lesion increased with age (10% at 150 days, 23% at 300 days, 29% at 450 days, 65% at greater than 450 days of age). The livers of homozygote @entity19 dying in infancy, and control adult @entity19 of the C57BL/6J background strain were free of cysts. The finding of @entity99 is reminiscent of adult type @entity8 . The @entity43048 model thus supports the concept that the different forms of @entity8 may represent varying expression of a similar gene complex.

title: Polycystic kidney and liver disease and XXXX changes in the @entity43048 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['PKD', 'renal abnormality', 'infantile polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['cystic dilatation']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosterone', 'corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity2819 :: (MESH:D003345,Chemical) :: ['corticosterone']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of adjuvant cryotherapy in the treatment of early @entity5 and @entity16850 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The use of cryotherapy in conjunction with traditional modalities has recently been proposed to improve voice outcomes in @entity1 with early @entity5 as compared to pretreatment conditions. This study investigates its utility in improving oncological outcomes and decreasing recurrences of @entity16850 . METHODS: @entity1 with either early @entity5 or @entity16850 that received cryotherapy as part of their surgical regimen were investigated. All @entity1 were seen at a large tertiary care center within a 10-year window. Demographic data were collected and all postoperative notes were reviewed. Recurrences of the @entity5 were noted, as was the duration of time between successive @entity1185 operations. RESULTS: The charts of 54 @entity5 and 29 @entity1185 @entity1 that received cryotherapy were reviewed. One @entity1 from the @entity1185 cohort was excluded from statistical analysis due to lack of follow-up. Overall, 16 (30%) of the @entity5 @entity1 experienced a malignant recurrence. The overall 5-year survival of these @entity1 was 98% and the 5-year disease-free survival was 74%. The use of adjuvant cryotherapy in the treatment of @entity16850 extended the duration of time between surgeries by an average of 79 days (P = .23). CONCLUSION: The use of adjuvant cryotherapy in the treatment of early @entity5 does not improve the rate of @entity189 recurrences. Additionally, cryotherapy does not result in a statistically significant increase in the duration of disease-free period for @entity16850 @entity1 , although the observed increase may be clinically important.

title: The Use of Cryotherapy for XXXX and Early Laryngeal Cancers: Long-term Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity16850 :: ('MESH:C537876', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'glottic cancer']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomatosis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity1185 :: (MESH:D010212,Disease) :: ['Papilloma']


abstract: AIM: To summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of probiotics by using a meta-analytic approach. METHODS: In July 2013, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases (Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Medical Current Content, and Chinese Scientific Journals database) to identify relevant RCTs. We included RCTs investigating the effect of a combination of probiotics and standard therapy (probiotics group) with standard therapy alone (control group). Risk ratios (RRs) were used to measure the effect of probiotics plus standard therapy on @entity1534 ( @entity1534 ) eradication rates, adverse events, and @entity1 compliance using a random-effect model. RESULTS: We included data on 6997 @entity1 from 45 RCTs, the overall eradication rates of the probiotic group and the control group were 82.31% and 72.08%, respectively. We noted that the use of probiotics plus standard therapy was associated with an increased eradication rate by per-protocol set analysis (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 1.08-1.15; P < 0.001) or intention-to-treat analysis (RR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.10-1.16; P < 0.001). Furthermore, the incidence of adverse events was 21.44% in the probiotics group and 36.27% in the control group, and it was found that the probiotics plus standard therapy significantly reduced the risk of adverse events (RR = 0.59; 95%CI: 0.48-0.71; P < 0.001), which demonstrated a favorable effect of probiotics in reducing adverse events associated with @entity1534 eradication therapy. The specific reduction in adverse events ranged from 30% to 59%, and this reduction was statistically significant. Finally, probiotics plus standard therapy had little or no effect on @entity1 compliance (RR = 0.98; 95%CI: 0.68-1.39; P = 0.889). CONCLUSION: The use of probiotics plus standard therapy was associated with an increase in the @entity1534 eradication rate, and a reduction in adverse events resulting from treatment in the general population. However, this therapy did not improve @entity1 compliance.

title: Probiotics in XXXX eradication therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'participants']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['H. pylori', 'Helicobacter pylori']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Helicobacter pylori']


abstract: The treatment philosophy of anal canal @entity189 is changing. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) with a permanent colostomy is beginning to be replaced by lesser surgical techniques, such as excisional biopsy in a multimodality approach. Radical radiation therapy is capable of eradicating the @entity5 and yielding a high survival rate. External radiation therapy alone has been reported to result in 80% local control and 79% 5-year actuarial survival. Combining external radiation therapy with brachytherapy has yielded a 65% 5-year disease-free survival. Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy, i.e., preoperative @entity1487 and @entity1138 , with 3000 rad pelvic irradiation, allowed over 50% of the @entity1 in each of two previous studies to be spared an APR. Close examination of the data shows that APR may not have been necessary in those who had it. Frequently, no disease was found in the resected specimen. When disease was present, there was a high rate of local recurrence in spite of APR. Although the ideal treatment may not be devised, @entity1 are beginning to be cured of this disease while still retaining a functional anal sphincter.

title: Treatment of anal canal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1486 (PSA) test has become a widely used screening test in @entity263 ( @entity10982 ). However, low specificity of serum PSA leads to many false-positive and false-negative results and clinical uncertainty. Development of @entity10982 -specific diagnostic and prognostic markers is needed. Detection of circulating PSA-expressing cells (CPECs) in blood and bone marrow of @entity10982 @entity1 has potential in molecular diagnosis and prognosis. Our novel observations of the frequent presence of CPECs in @entity10982 @entity1 with organ-confined disease by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-PSA assay in epithelial cells enriched from peripheral blood (ERT-PCR/PSA) have led us to test the hypothesis that CPECs have diagnostic potential for @entity10982 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Epithelial cells from peripheral blood of radical prostatectomy @entity1 or prostate biopsy @entity1 were isolated using antiepithelial cell antibody, Ber-EP4-coated magnetic beads, and total RNA specimens from these cells were analyzed for PSA expression by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Peripheral blood specimens of 108 of 135 (80.0%) @entity10982 @entity1 were positive in ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Peripheral blood specimens from 45 control @entity1 were virtually negative (97.8%). In the blinded investigation, 84 @entity1 who had biopsy for suspicion of @entity10982 were evaluated by ERT-PCR/PSA assay. Eighteen of 22 (81.8%) @entity1 with biopsy-proven @entity10982 were positive, and 54 of 62 (87.1%) @entity1 with biopsy negative for @entity10982 were negative in this assay (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides intriguing novel results showing that the majority of @entity1 with clinically organ-confined @entity10982 contain CPECs. Strong concordance between the biopsy results and ERT-PCR/PSA assay (sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 87.1%) suggests a potentially new diagnostic application of this type of assay in @entity10982 diagnosis.

title: Diagnostic potential of XXXX expressing epithelial cells in blood of @entity263 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mitochondria have been proposed as the major source of reactive @entity26 species in somatic cells and @entity1 spermatozoa. However, no data regarding the role of mitochondrial ROS production in stallion spermatozoa are available. To shed light on the role of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the origin of oxidative stress in stallion spermatozoa, specific inhibitors of complex I ( @entity3788 ) and III ( @entity11382 -A) were used. Ejaculates from seven Andalusian stallions were collected and incubated in BWW media at 37  C in the presence of @entity3788 , @entity8581 or control vehicle. Incubation in the presence of these inhibitors reduced sperm motility and velocity ( @entity13389 analysis) (p<0.01), but the effect was more evident in the presence of @entity3788 (a complex I inhibitor). These inhibitors also decreased @entity855 content. The inhibition of complexes I and III decreased the production of reactive @entity26 species (p<0.01) as assessed by flow cytometry after staining with CellRox deep red. This observation suggests that the CellRox probe mainly identifies @entity224 and that @entity224 production may reflect intense mitochondrial activity rather than oxidative stress. The inhibition of complex I resulted in increased @entity273 production (p<0.01). The inhibition of glycolysis resulted in reduced sperm velocities (p<0.01) without an effect on the percentage of total motile sperm. Weak and moderate (but statistically significant) positive correlations were observed between sperm motility, velocity and membrane integrity and the production of reactive @entity26 species. These results indicate that stallion sperm rely heavily on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for the production of @entity855 for motility but also require glycolysis to maintain high velocities. These data also indicate that increased @entity273 originating in the mitochondria is a mechanism involved in stallion sperm senescence.

title: Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex I Leads to Decreased Motility and Membrane Integrity Related to Increased XXXX and Reduced @entity855 Production, while the Inhibition of Glycolysis Has Less Impact on Sperm Motility.

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin-A']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity11382 :: ('MESH:C032456', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

answer: @entity273 :: (MESH:D006861,Chemical) :: ['Hydrogen Peroxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several risk factors for prolonged length of stay (LOS) and increased hospital cost have been identified, the association between LOS, hospital cost, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has not yet been investigated. We aimed to investigate the influence of NLR on LOS and hospital cost in @entity1 with acute @entity385 . METHODS: @entity1 with acute @entity385 diagnosed within 24 hours of symptom onset were included. Univariate analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used to identify independent predictors of LOS and hospital cost. RESULTS: A total of 346 @entity1 were included in the final analysis. The median LOS was 11 days (range 8-13 days). The median acute hospital cost per @entity1 was 19,030.6   RMB (U.S.   3065.8) (range 14,450.8   RMB-25,218.2   RMB). Neutrophil count to lymphocyte count (NLR) (P   <   .001), @entity6 (P   =   .034), @entity64 subtype (P   =   .005), and @entity64 severity (P   <   .001) were significantly associated with prolonged LOS in the univariate analysis. NLR (P   <   .001), smoking (P   =   .04), @entity64 subtype (P   <   .001), @entity64 severity (P   <   .001), and LOS (P   <   .001) were significantly associated with increased hospital cost in the univariate analysis. Multivariate regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent predictor of both LOS and acute hospital cost. In addition, high NLR was significantly correlated with poor outcome at discharge, prolonged LOS, and increased hospital cost. CONCLUSIONS: NLR is significantly associated with LOS and acute hospital cost in @entity1 presenting with acute @entity385 . It is a simple, inexpensive, and readily available biomarker and may serve as a clinically practical indicator for assessing the economic burden of @entity64 .

title: Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Length of Stay and Acute Hospital Cost in @entity1 with Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['initial stroke', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the association between educational level and prevalence of @entity301 and coronary risk factors in India. DESIGN: Total community cross sectional survey with a doctor administered questionnaire, physical examination, and electrocardiography. SETTING: A cluster of three villages in rural Rajasthan, western India. SUBJECTS: 3148 residents aged over 20 (1982 @entity1 , 1166 @entity1 ) divided into various groups according to years of formal schooling. RESULTS: Illiteracy and low educational levels were associated with less prestigious occupations (agricultural and farm labouring) and inferior housing. There was an inverse correlation of educational level with age (rank correlation: mean -0.45, @entity1 -0.49). The prevalence of @entity301 (diagnosed by electrocardiography) was significantly higher among uneducated and less educated @entity1 and showed an inverse relation with education in both sexes. Among uneducated and less educated @entity1 there was a higher prevalence of the coronary risk factors smoking and @entity101 . Educational level showed a significant inverse correlation with @entity551 . Logistic regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that educational level had an inverse relation with prevalence of electrocardiographically diagnosed @entity301 (odds ratio: @entity1 0.82, @entity1 0.53), @entity101 ( @entity1 0.88, @entity1 0.56), and smoking ( @entity1 0.73, @entity1 0.65) but not with hypercholesterolaemia and @entity28 . The inverse relation of @entity301 with educational level abated after adjustment for smoking, physical activity, body mass index, and blood pressure (odds ratio: @entity1 0.98, @entity1 0.78). CONCLUSION: Uneducated and less educated @entity1 in rural India have a higher prevalence of @entity301 and of the coronary risk factors smoking and @entity101 .

title: Educational status, XXXX , and coronary risk factor prevalence in a rural population of India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['systolic and diastolic blood pressure']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: @entity3124 @entity1 have multiple risk factors for @entity1150 and @entity1151 . The majority of @entity1 with @entity1151 have a lower extremity @entity1150 as a source of origin. @entity1151 causes a high mortality rate in the hemodynamically compromised individual. Awareness of risk factors relative to the development of @entity1150 and @entity1151 is important for the critical care nurse. Understanding the pathophysiology can help guide prophylaxis and treatment plans. The therapies, from invasive to mechanical, all carry risks and benefits, and are weighed for each @entity1 . The advanced practice nurse, whether in the direct or indirect role, has an opportunity to impact the care of the high risk @entity1 . Options range from teaching the nurse who is new to critical care, to teaching @entity1 and families. Development of multidisciplinary protocols and clinical pathways are ways to impact the standard of care. Improved delivery of care methods can optimize the care rendered in an ever changing field of critical care.

title: Optimizing the flow of care for prevention and treatment of XXXX and @entity1151 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['Critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolism', 'pulmonary embolism']

answer: @entity1150 :: (MESH:D020246,Disease) :: ['deep vein thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative cost effectiveness of day care over inpatient management of @entity390 and @entity391 (NVP). STUDY DESIGN: A cost utility analysis was performed using a decision analytical model in which a Markov model was constructed. The Markov model was primarily populated with data from a recently published randomised controlled trial. Which included pregnant @entity1 presenting to Cork University Maternity Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital, seeking treatment for NVP. Costs and outcomes were estimated from the perspective of the Irish health service (HSE) and @entity1 . A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation, was also performed. A Bayesian Value of Information analysis was used to estimate the value of collecting additional information. RESULTS: When both the healthcare provider and @entity1 's perspective was considered, day care management of NVP remained less costly (mean    985; 95% C.I. 705-1456 vs.    3837 (2124-8466)) and more effective (9.42; 4.19-12.25 vs. 9.49; 4.32-12.39 quality adjusted life years) compared with inpatient management. The Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve indicates the probability that day care management is 70% more cost effective compared to inpatient management at a ceiling ratio of    45,000 per QALY, indicating little decision uncertainty. The Bayesian Value of Information analysis indicates there is value in collecting further information; the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) is estimated to be    5.4 million. CONCLUSION: Day care management of NVP is cost effective compared to inpatient management.

title: Day care versus inpatient management of @entity390 and XXXX : cost utility analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting of pregnancy']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting of pregnancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 hoping to preserve their fertility receive conservative treatment with high-dose @entity11796 ( @entity3443 ) for well-differentiated @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) or @entity1869 ( @entity1869 ) . Such treatment generally involves frequent intrauterine operations, including dilation and curettage (D_C) and endometrial biopsy (EMB), which could result in @entity7288 , endometrial thinning, or intrauterine adhesion. In turn, any of these outcomes could adversely affect implantation and pregnancy development. The current study thus aimed to identify factors that might affect pregnancy following conservative treatment by @entity3443 . METHODS: We compared a pregnancy group (45 @entity1 ) with a non-pregnancy group (53 @entity1 ) of @entity3443 -treated @entity1 to evaluate the factors affecting clinical pregnancy establishment. We undertook a multivariate logistic regression analysis based on factors shown by univariate analysis to be significantly different between the groups. Univariate analysis identified number of D_C, endometrial thickness, duration of @entity3443 administration, age of pregnancy permission (the age at which a @entity1 was first allowed to attempt pregnancy after disappearance of the lesion), period of disappearance of lesions, and recurrence as independent variables. RESULTS: The odds ratios (95  % confidence interval) of multivariate analysis for disease recurrence, @entity1478 , and age of pregnancy permission were 0.283 (0.102-0.785), 1.677 (1.251-2.248), and 0.889 (0.792-0.998), respectively. There was no significant difference in the other independent variables between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three factors considered to affect pregnancy establishment following conservative treatment with @entity3443 : recurrence, @entity1478 , and the age of the pregnancy permission. Introduction of infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technology (ART) soon after achieving @entity5 disappearance by @entity3443 would therefore be beneficial for @entity1 with disease recurrence, thin endometrium, or a higher age of pregnancy permission.

title: Factors affecting pregnancy outcomes in young XXXX treated with fertility-preserving therapy for well-differentiated endometrial cancer or @entity1869 .

entities_list: @entity11796 :: ('MESH:D017258', 'Chemical') :: ['medroxyprogesterone acetate']

entities_list: @entity7288 :: ('MESH:D004716', 'Disease') :: ['endometritis']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial thickness during ovulation']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['atypical endometrial hyperplasia', 'AEH']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma', 'EC']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']