abstract: Approximately one-third of @entity26211 (LASV)-infected @entity1 develop @entity1274 ( @entity1274 ) in the late stages of @entity697 or in early convalescence. With 500,000 annual cases of @entity26210 ( @entity26210 ), LASV is a major cause of @entity393 in regions of West Africa where @entity26210 is endemic. To date, no animal models exist that depict the @entity1 pathology of @entity26210 with associated @entity393 . Here, we aimed to develop an animal model to study LASV-induced @entity393 using @entity1 isolates from a 2012 Sierra Leone outbreak. We have recently established a @entity19 model for @entity26210 that closely mimics many features of @entity1 disease. In this model, LASV isolated from a lethal @entity1 case was highly virulent, while the virus isolated from a nonlethal case elicited mostly mild disease with moderate mortality. More importantly, both viruses were able to induce @entity1274 in surviving animals. However, utilization of the nonlethal, @entity1 LASV isolate allowed us to consistently produce large numbers of survivors with @entity393 . Surviving @entity19 developed permanent @entity393 associated with mild damage to the cochlear hair cells and, strikingly, significant degeneration of the @entity2167 . Therefore, the pathological changes in the inner ear of the @entity19 with @entity1274 supported the phenotypic loss of hearing and provided further insights into the mechanistic cause of @entity26210 -associated @entity393 . IMPORTANCE: @entity1274 is a major complication for @entity26210 survivors. The development of a small-animal model of LASV infection that replicates @entity393 and the clinical and pathological features of @entity26210 will significantly increase knowledge of pathogenesis and vaccine studies. In addition, such a model will permit detailed characterization of the @entity393 mechanism and allow for the development of appropriate diagnostic approaches and medical care for @entity26210 @entity1 with @entity393 .

title: Animal Model of @entity1274 Associated with XXXX Infection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity2167 :: ('MESH:D006311', 'Disease') :: ['spiral ganglion cells of the auditory nerve']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'Sensorineural hearing loss', 'SNHL']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss', 'hearing impairment']

answer: @entity26211 :: (11620,Species) :: ['Lassa Virus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We prospectively compared the diagnostic accuracies of PET/CT and @entity10673 in @entity1 with suspected bone @entity3 from @entity0 . METHODS: This single-institution prospective study included consecutive @entity1 with suspected bone @entity3 from biopsy-proven @entity0 seen at Tokai University Hospital between September 2011 and March 2014. Inclusion criteria included suspicions for bone @entity3 (bone @entity158 , elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated @entity5 markers, or suspected bone @entity3 by @entity10673 ). Two nuclear medicine physicians evaluated PET/CT and @entity10673 images. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were initially enrolled in this study. Two were excluded from the analyses because they declined to undergo imaging during follow-up. PET/CT successfully detected bone @entity3 in all 10 @entity1 finally diagnosed with the condition, whereas @entity10673 identified 2. The two methods were not highly concordant in detecting osseous @entity3 . In 19 of 28 paired studies (68  %), 2 (10  %) were positive for @entity3 , and 17 (90  %) were negative. Nine occurrences (32  %) were discordant; of these, 2 were PET/CT positive and @entity10673 negative; 5 were PET/CT positive and @entity10673 equivocal; one was PET/CT negative and @entity10673 equivocal, and one was PET/CT equivocal and @entity10673 negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that PET/CT was superior to @entity10673 for the diagnosis of bone @entity3 . On the basis of the results of previous studies as well as ours, PET/CT could replace @entity10673 as the initial modality to detect bone @entity3 in @entity1 suspected for the condition.

title: Diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and bone scintigraphy in @entity0 @entity1 with suspected bone XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Biological effects of @entity599 mustard (SM) on various systems have been investigated in both @entity1 and animals. However, few studies are available on the effect of SM on the peripheral nervous system. In the present study, long-term effects of a single dose of SM on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography (EMG) pattern is evaluated in hindlimb of adult male @entity35 . METHODS: SM @entity4968 was induced by two means: subcutaneous injection of 1 and 3.5 mg/kg SM in two experimental groups (1 and 2) and cutaneous application of 8 and 13 mg/kg SM in groups 3 and 4. Sham and control groups received SM vehicle, @entity5723 , and nothing, respectively. Electrophysiological assessments were performed after 26 weeks as follows: sciatic nerve conduction study that included measuring, amplitude, duration, and latency of M-wave, F-wave latency, and EMG study in resting and minimal contraction states. RESULTS: Results indicate that sciatic nerve conduction velocity did not significantly change in any experimental groups. However, resting EMG records showed some abnormalities very similar to positive sharp waves and @entity2901 reported in @entity1 . These abnormalities were observed in 6 of 36 intoxicated @entity35 . CONCLUSIONS: Although the present data are in favor of @entity528 , to rule out the possibility of other types of @entity528 , additional thorough studies at ultrastructural level are suggested.

title: Long-term effect of a single dose of XXXX mustard on nerve conduction velocity and electromyography pattern in @entity35 hindlimb.

entities_list: @entity4968 :: ('MESH:D011041', 'Disease') :: ['poisoning']

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

entities_list: @entity5723 :: ('MESH:D019840', 'Chemical') :: ['isopropyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['axonal degeneration', 'degeneration']

answer: @entity599 :: (MESH:D013455,Chemical) :: ['sulfur']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Predictive models are an integral part of current clinical practice and help determine optimal treatment strategies for individual @entity1 . A drawback is that covariates are assumed to have constant effects on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), when in fact, these effects may change during follow-up (FU). Furthermore, @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 may experience events that alter their prognosis from that time onwards. We investigated the 'dynamic' effects of different covariates on @entity1349 and developed a nomogram to calculate 5-year dynamic @entity1349 (DOS) probability at different prediction timepoints (tP) during FU. METHODS: Dutch and Belgian postmenopausal, endocrine-sensitive, early @entity0 @entity1 enrolled in the TEAM trial were included. We assessed time-varying effects of specific covariates and obtained 5-year DOS predictions using a proportional baselines landmark supermodel. Covariates included age, histological grade, @entity5282 and @entity1722 status, T- and N-stage, locoregional recurrence (LRR), distant recurrence, and treatment compliance. A nomogram was designed to calculate 5-year DOS based on individual characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 2602 @entity1 were included (mean FU 6.2 years). N-stage, LRR, and @entity1722 status demonstrated time-varying effects on 5-year DOS. Hazard ratio (HR) functions for LRR, high-risk N-stage (N2/3), and @entity1722 positivity were HR = (8.427 * 0.583[Formula: see text], HR = (3.621 * 0.816[Formula: see text], and HR = (1.235 * 0.851[Formula: see text], respectively. Treatment discontinuation was associated with a higher mortality risk, but without a time-varying effect [HR 1.263 (0.867-1.841)]. All other covariates were time-constant. DISCUSSION: The current nomogram accounts for elapsed time since starting adjuvant endocrine treatment and optimizes prediction of individual 5-year DOS during FU for postmenopausal, endocrine-sensitive @entity0 @entity1 . The nomogram can facilitate in determining whether further therapy will benefit an individual @entity1 , although validation in an independent dataset is still needed.

title: Dynamic prediction in XXXX : proving feasibility in clinical practice using the TEAM trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5282 :: ('3164', 'Gene') :: ['hormone receptor']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Three abomasal infusion trials were to determine the first-limiting @entity535 for @entity1568 retention of postweaned Holstein bull @entity291 fed a starter ration based on cereal by-product feeds. Ration ingredients contributed the following percentages of total @entity1522 : @entity3505 middlings 38, brewer's grains 24, hominy feed 21, oat hulls 10, distiller's grains 6, and molasses 1. Dry matter of the pelleted ration contained 13 to 14% crude protein and .23 to .26% @entity599 . Each trial was a replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 9-day periods. @entity291 were weaned at 4 wk and infusions initiated at 5 to 6 wk of age. Abomasal infusion of the 10 essential @entity1522 , an isonitrogenous quantity of an equimolar mixture of @entity493 , @entity2734 , @entity2227 , @entity2228 , and @entity563 , or an isocaloric quantity of @entity413 indicated that essential @entity535 (s) rather than nonspecific @entity1568 or energy was limiting protein synthesis. Quadratic responses in urine @entity1568 excretion and retained @entity1568 occurred when 0, .3, .6, and 1.2 g @entity1853 /kg starter ration were infused. Greatest responses occurred with .6 g @entity1853 , which increased retained @entity1568 11 and 19% and decreased urine @entity1568 7 and 10%. The relationship between infused @entity1853 and plasma @entity1853 was linear. Infusions in all trials had no effect on digestibility of energy and @entity1568 .

title: Response to abomasal infusion of XXXX of weaned dairy @entity291 fed a complete pelleted starter ration based on by-product feeds.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine', 'L-methionine']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1853 :: (MESH:D008715,Chemical) :: ['methionine']


abstract: The @entity56197 DNA packaging system in vitro defined here is composed of purified proheads and two non-capsid proteins, the products of genes 18 and 19 (gp18 and gp19). In this system, a precursor complex (50 S complex) accumulates in the presence of @entity12865 ( @entity855 -gamma-S), a non-hydrolyzable analog of @entity855 . The 50 S complex is converted to a filled head in the presence of @entity855 . The conversion of the 50 S complex, formed by preincubation with @entity855 -gamma-S, to the mature head proceeds in a synchronous manner after the addition of @entity855 . The lag time for formation of mature heads from the 50 S complex is 1.8, 4.5 and 6.8 minutes at 30, 25 and 20 degrees C, respectively. DNA is translocated into the capsid at a constant rate of 5.7 x 10(3) base-pairs per minute at 20 degrees C. The conversion of the 50 S complex to the mature head exhibits a sigmoidal relationship with respect to the concentration of @entity855 , the concentration for half-maximal activity being about 20 microM. The transition of the prohead to the expanded capsid occurs at 20 degrees C at one minute 40 seconds after the initiation of DNA translocation, when one-fourth of the genome has been packaged into a prohead. At the same time, the capsid-DNA complex becomes stable to high concentrations of salt. When DNA translocation is interrupted by the addition of @entity855 -gamma-S, packaged DNA exists at 0 degrees C as well as at 20 degrees C but the exit of DNA stops after one-third of the genome is inside the capsid. After exit, DNA is retranslocated into the expanded capsid by the addition of @entity855 at a rate of about 5.7 x 10(3) base-pairs per minute at 20 degrees C. The decrease in concentration of @entity855 interrupts DNA translocation into the capsid but does not induce DNA exit. Interrupted DNA translocation may be reinitiated by the addition of @entity855 . DNA exit is not induced by the addition of @entity855 -gamma-S to mature heads or partially filled heads pretreated with DNase.

title: Characterization of the XXXX DNA packaging reaction in vitro in a defined system.

entities_list: @entity56197 :: ('10759', 'Species') :: ['bacteriophage T3']

entities_list: @entity12865 :: ('MESH:C022571', 'Chemical') :: ["adenosine 5'-O-(3'-thiotriphosphate)"]

answer: @entity56197 :: (10759,Species) :: ['bacteriophage T3']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with low left ventricular ejection fractions and low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 ( @entity472 ) represent a challenging cohort with high morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and clinical impact of @entity67 ( @entity67 ) on risk stratification and prognosis in these @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of 65 @entity1 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 who underwent low-dose @entity452 stress echocardiography to determine @entity472 severity and to ascertain flow reserve status (>= 20% @entity64 volume increase). Clinical, demographic, and imaging data were prospectively collected. Per guidelines, @entity67 was defined as tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion  <  16  mm in the apical four-chamber view and measured at baseline. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to risk-adjust comparisons for the end point of all-cause mortality. RESULTS: The mean age was 74      9  years, the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 29      10%, the mean indexed aortic valve (AV) area was 0.49      0.1  cm(2)/m(2), and the mean AV gradient 22      7  mm  Hg. @entity67 was present in 37 @entity1 (57% of the study cohort). After a median follow-up period of 13  months (interquartile range, 5-30  months), there were 29 AV replacements and 30 deaths. The presence of @entity67 (hazard ratio, 2.86; 95% CI, 1.21-6.75; P  =  .02) was an independent risk factor associated with all-cause mortality despite many adjustments for potential clinical and echocardiographic confounders such as AV replacement, Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score, severity of @entity997 , and @entity1002 . CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity67 is prevalent in @entity1 with low-flow, low-gradient @entity472 undergoing @entity452 stress echocardiography. Quantification of right ventricular systolic function in these complex @entity1 provides important prognostic value and risk stratification adjunctive to Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score and should be incorporated into the decision-making process.

title: Right Ventricular Function and Prognosis in @entity1 with Low-Flow, Low-Gradient Severe XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['RVD', 'right ventricular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['AS', 'aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular global longitudinal strain']

answer: @entity472 :: (MESH:D001024,Disease) :: ['Aortic Stenosis']


abstract: The manual of the World Health Organization defines leucocytospermia as the presence of >1 x 10(6) white blood cells per ml semen. Most authors consider leucocytospermia to be a consequence of inflammation due to @entity2348 . However, the efficacy of antibiotic therapy was not unequivocally demonstrated until now. We started a prospective, randomized, controlled study in 36 @entity1 , who consulted our department for @entity249 with leucocytospermia. None of the @entity1 reported any symptoms of @entity281 . The @entity1 were assigned randomly to two groups: group 1 received 250 mg @entity800 once a day over 10 days, @entity1 of group 2 received no therapy. Semen analysis was repeated 2 weeks later. After administration of @entity800 , a mean decrease of leucocyte count of 45.8 +/- 72.2% compared with a decrease of only 3 +/- 109.2% in the untreated group was observed. However, this difference is not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to leucocyte count, sperm count and sperm cell after treatment. We conclude from our study that antibiotic therapy does not provide benefit for treatment of @entity10094 .

title: Treatment with @entity800 does not resolve XXXX --a randomized controlled study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity10094 :: ('MESH:D058070', 'Disease') :: ['asymptomatic leucocytospermia']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['genital infection']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['levofloxacin']

answer: @entity10094 :: (MESH:D058070,Disease) :: ['asymptomatic leucocytospermia']


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the @entity955 were studied in 7 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 (PAF) and in 7 control individuals. The MAPs were recorded using a contact catheter during sinus rhythm and continuous pacing at the @entity13678 ( @entity13678 ) with pacing cycle lengths of 600, 500 and 400 ms. MAPs were obtained from 6 sites in each @entity1 . The MAPD90 was measured from onset to 90% of MAP repolarization. Average, maximal and minimal MAPD90 (avMAPD90, maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90) were obtained from all @entity1 . The dispersion of MAPD90 (dispMAPD90) was defined as the difference between maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90. The width of each atrial potential (WAP) and the wavelength index (WLI=MAPD90/WAP) were determined. Average, maximal and minimal WLI (avWLI, maxWLI and minWLI) were obtained from all @entity1 . The avMAPD90 and maxMAPD90 did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The minMAPD90 in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity13678 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (210+/-18ms vs 245+/-14 ms, p<0.05; 207+/-23 ms vs 238+/-20 ms, p<0.05; respectively). The dispMAPD90 was significantly longer in the PAF group than in the control group during sinus and @entity13678 pacing. The WAP value did not differ between the 2 groups. The minWLI in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity13678 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (3.3+/-0.5 vs 3.8+/-0.3, p<0.05; 3.2+/-0.4 vs 3.7+/-0.3, p<0.02). A shortened and widened dispersion of atrial refractoriness may play an important role in the genesis of @entity955 . Furthermore, smaller wavelengths may form in the atrium of @entity1 with PAF.

title: Monophasic action potentials of the right atrium in XXXX with @entity955 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['HRA', 'high right atrium']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF', 'atrial myocardium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The influence of long-term free-air @entity1787 fumigation and canopy position on leaf contents of total @entity2041 , its redox state, non-structural proteins (NSP), soluble @entity1472 compounds, and total soluble @entity3363 in old-growth beech (FAGUS SYLVATICA) and spruce (PICEA ABIES) trees were determined over a period of five years. @entity1787 fumigation had weak effects on the analysed metabolites of both tree species and significant changes in the contents of total @entity2041 , NSP, and soluble @entity3363 were observed only selectively. Beech leaves were affected by crown position to a higher extent than spruce needles and exhibited lower contents of total @entity2041 and NSP and total soluble @entity3363 , but enhanced contents of oxidised @entity2041 and @entity1472 compounds in the shade compared to the sun crown. Contents of total soluble @entity3363 generally were decreased in shade compared to sun needles of spruce trees. Interspecific differences between beech and spruce were more distinct in the sun compared to the shade crown. Contents of total @entity2041 were increased whilst contents of @entity1472 compounds and total soluble @entity3363 were lower in spruce needles compared to beech leaves. The metabolites determined showed individual patterns in the course of the five measurement years. Contents of total @entity2041 and its redox state correlated with air temperature and global radiation, indicating an important role for the antioxidant at low temperatures. Correlations of @entity2041 with instantaneous @entity1787 concentrations seem to be a secondary effect. Differences in proteins and/or @entity1472 compounds in the inter-annual course are assumed to be a consequence of alterations in specific N uptake rates.

title: Significance of XXXX exposure for inter-annual differences in primary metabolites of old-growth beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) trees in a mixed forest stand.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

answer: @entity1787 :: (MESH:D010126,Chemical) :: ['ozone']


abstract: Improved accuracy in predicting @entity301 ( @entity301 ) risk in @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8 is needed. The addition of @entity633 to established methods of @entity301 risk calculation was reported in the Strong Heart Study (SHS) cohort. In this study, the addition of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was evaluated using data from 4,549 American Indian SHS @entity1 aged 45 to 74 years. After adjustment for Framingham @entity301 risk factors, hazard ratios for eGFR as a predictor of @entity301 were 1.69 (95% confidence interval 1.34 to 2.13) in @entity1 and 1.41 (95% confidence interval 0.94 to 2.13) in @entity1 . Models including @entity633 , eGFR, or both scored higher in discriminatory power than models using conventional risk factors alone in @entity1 ; in @entity1 , the improvement was seen only for @entity633 and the combination of @entity633 and eGFR. Hosmer-Lemeshow assessments showed good calibration for the models using eGFR alone in both genders, followed by models including @entity633 alone in both genders. Adding eGFR improved the net reclassification improvement (NRI) in @entity1 (0.085, p = 0.0004) but not in @entity1 (0.010, p = 0.1967). NRI and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were improved in both genders using @entity633 and eGFR (NRI 0.135, p <0.0001, and IDI 0.027, p <0.0001 in @entity1 ; NRI 0.035, p <0.0196, and IDI 0.008, p <0.0156 in @entity1 ). Therefore, a risk calculator including @entity633 enhances @entity301 prediction compared to a calculator using only standard risk factors in @entity1 and @entity1 . Including eGFR alone improves risk prediction in @entity1 , but for @entity1 , it is preferable to include eGFR and @entity633 . In conclusion, this enhanced calculator should be useful in estimating @entity301 risk in populations with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

title: Comparison of estimated glomerular filtration rates and @entity633 in predicting risk of XXXX in a population with high prevalence of @entity6 and @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['CHD', 'coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of posterior @entity1171 fixation on the function of ankle in @entity1 with @entity1171 . METHODS: Between June 2007 and June 2009, 110 @entity1 with @entity1171 were treated with posterior @entity1171 fixation in 59 @entity1 (fixation group) or without fixation in 51 @entity1 (non-fixation group). In fixation group, there were 31 males and 28 females with an average age of 62.6 years (range, 19-75 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (20 cases), falling (18 cases), and @entity6475 (21 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.2 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 32 cases and right ankle in 27 cases, including 6 cases of type I, 23 of type II, 19 of type III, and 11 of type IV according to the @entity1171 classification. In non-fixation group, there were 38 males and 13 females with an average age of 64.5 years (range, 16-70 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (15 cases), falling (12 cases), and @entity6475 (24 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.5 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 22 cases and right ankle in 29 cases, including 8 cases of type I, 16 of type II, 19 of type III, and 8 of type IV according to the @entity1171 classification. There was no significant difference in general data between 2 groups (P > 0.05). RESULTS: All @entity1 of 2 groups achieved wound healing by first intention. The @entity1 were followed up 12-18 months (16 months on average). X-ray films showed that @entity174 healed at 8-12 weeks (10 weeks on average) in fixation group and at 10-14 weeks (12 weeks on average) in non-fixation group. There were significant differences in the clinical score (89.28 +/- 8.62 vs. 86.88 +/- 9.47, P < 0.05), postoperative reposition score (33.34 +/- 2.15 vs. 31.24 +/- 2.89, P < 0.05), and @entity571 score (13.22 +/- 1.66 vs. 12.46 +/- 2.03, P < 0.05) according to Phillips ankle scoring system between 2 groups at last follow-up. There was no significant difference in clinical score of type I and II @entity1 between 2 groups (P > 0.05), but significant differences were found in clinical score and @entity571 score of type III and IV @entity1 between 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the postoperative reposition score between 2 groups in all types of @entity174 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The posterior @entity1171 fixation may provide satisfactory clinical functional outcomes for @entity1171 . Proper @entity174 classification and correct method of internal fixation are important for achieving good reduction and improving the long-term results.

title: [Effectiveness of posterior XXXX fixation in treating @entity1171 ].

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1171 :: ('MESH:D064386', 'Disease') :: ['ankle fracture', 'malleolus']

answer: @entity1171 :: (MESH:D064386,Disease) :: ['malleolus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study compared outcomes between thoracic endovascular aortic repair and conventional open surgical and medical therapies for acute complicated type B aortic dissection. METHODS: From 2002 to 2010, a total of 170 @entity1 with type B aortic dissections were retrospectively identified from the University of Pennsylvania aortic database. Of these 170 @entity1 , 147 had acute type B aortic dissections (uncomplicated 70, complicated 77). For @entity1 with acute complicated type B aortic dissections, management included thoracic endovascular aortic repair (group A) or conventional open surgical and medical therapies (group B). RESULTS: In the 77 @entity1 with acute complicated type B aortic dissections, thoracic endovascular aortic repair (group A) was performed in 45 @entity1 (59%). In group B, 20 @entity1 (26%) underwent open surgical repair and 12 (15%) had their conditions managed with medical therapy. @entity2334 was associated with lower in-hospital or 30-day mortality (n = 2, 4%) than conventional therapy (open surgical repair n = 8, 40%, medical therapy, n = 4, 33%, P = .006). @entity1 in group A (thoracic endovascular aortic repair) continued to show significantly improved survival at 1, 3, and 5 years (group A: 82%, 79%, and 79% vs group B: 58%, 52%, and 44%, P = .008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2334 for acute complicated type B dissection is associated with superior early outcome and improved midterm survival relative to conventional therapy. Longer follow-up demonstrating survival benefit is needed before definitive conclusion can be made.

title: XXXX for acute complicated type B aortic dissection: superiority relative to conventional open surgical and medical therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['Thoracic endovascular aortic repair']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['Thoracic endovascular aortic repair']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1204 in the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) is a poorly described @entity5 that can be clinically confused with @entity189 . We performed a case-comparison study to document the clinicopathologic characteristics of @entity5 and their association with risk factors for @entity1204 . @entity1 AND METHODS: The clinical records and pathology reports from @entity1 who underwent hysterectomy at our institution for @entity1204 over an 11-year interval were reviewed. The @entity1347 group consisted of @entity1 with @entity1204 that clearly originated between the lower uterine corpus and the upper endocervix. Immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability and @entity6756 methylation assays were performed. RESULTS: Thirty-five (3.5%) of 1,009 @entity1 had @entity1204 of the @entity1347 . Compared with @entity1 with @entity5 , @entity1347 @entity1 were younger, had higher stage @entity5 , and had more @entity3 . Preoperative diagnosis of the @entity5 more frequently included the possibility of @entity420 . Seventy-three percent of the @entity5 had an immunohistochemical expression pattern typical of conventional @entity4348 . Ten (29%) of 35 @entity1 with @entity5 were confirmed to have @entity4309 or were strongly suspected to have @entity4309 on the basis of tissue-based molecular assays. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity4309 in @entity1 with @entity1347 @entity1204 (29%) is much greater than that of the general @entity1204 @entity1 population (1.8%) or in @entity1204 @entity1 younger than age 50 years (8% to 9%). On the basis of our results, the possibility of @entity4309 should be considered in @entity1 with @entity5 .

title: @entity189 of the @entity1347 : a newly described association with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial or endocervical adenocarcinoma', 'endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial tumors', 'Endometrial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['corpus tumors', 'cancer', 'tumors', 'LUS tumors']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['lower uterine segment', 'LUS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['endocervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['endocervical adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity4309 :: (MESH:D003123,Disease) :: ['Lynch syndrome']


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of preoperative @entity1148 and its prognostic significance in Thai @entity1 with @entity1204 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 238 cases who had undergone surgical staging procedures between January 2005 and December 2008. Associations between clinicopathological variables and preoperative platelet counts were analyzed using Pearson's chi square or two- tailed Fisher's exact tests. Survival analysis was performed with Kaplan-Meier estimates. Univariate and @entity797 - regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic impact of various factors including platelet count in terms of disease-free survival and overall survival. The mean preoperative platelet count was 315,437/ L (SD 100,167/  L). @entity1 who had advanced stage, adnexal involvement, lymph node @entity3 , and positive peritoneal cytology had significantly higher mean preoperative platelet counts when compared with those who had not. We found @entity1148 (platelet count greater than 400,000/ L) in 18.1% of our @entity1 with @entity1204 . These had significant higher rates of advanced stage, cervical involvement, adnexal involvement, positive peritoneal cytology, and lymph node involvement than @entity1 with a normal pretreatment platelet count. The 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly lower in @entity1 who had @entity1148 compared with those who had not (67.4% vs. 85.1%, p=0.001 and 86.0% vs. 94.9%, p=0.034, respectively). @entity1148 was shown to be a prognostic factor in the univariate but not the multivariate analysis. In conclusion, presence of @entity1148 is not uncommon in @entity1204 and may reflect unfavorable prognostic factors but its prognostic impact on survival needs to be clarified in further studies.

title: Preoperative @entity1148 and poor prognostic factors in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1148 :: ('MESH:D013922', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytosis', 'Thrombocytosis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study compared the thermal responses of the finger to 0 and 8  C water immersion, two commonly used temperatures for @entity2223 ( @entity2223 ) research. On two separate and counterbalanced occasions 15 male and 15 female @entity1 immersed their index finger in 20  C water for 5 min followed by either 0 or 8  C water for 30 min. Skin temperature, cardiovascular and perceptual data were recorded. Secondary analyses were performed between sexes and comparing 0.5, 1 and 4  C @entity2223 amplitude thresholds. With a 0.5  C threshold, @entity2223 waves were more prevalent in 8  C (2 (1 - 3) than in 0  C (1.5 (0 - 3)), but the amplitude was lower (4.0    2.3 v 9.2    4.0  C). Mean, minimum and maximum finger temperatures were lower in 0  C during the 30 min immersion, and @entity2223 onset and peak time occurred later in 0  C. Thermal sensation was lower and @entity158 sensation was higher in 0  C. There were no differences between males and females in any of the physiological or @entity2223 data with the exception of @entity13519 , which was higher in males. Females reported feeling higher thermal sensations in 8  C and lower @entity158 sensations in 0  C and 8  C compared to males. Fewer @entity2223 responses were observed when using a 4  C (1 (0 - 3)) threshold to quantify a @entity2223 wave compared to using a 1  C (2 (0 - 3)) or 0.5  C (2 (0 - 3)) amplitude. In conclusion, both 0 and 8   C can elicit @entity2223 but 8  C may be more suitable when looking to optimise the number of @entity2223 waves while minimising @entity1 discomfort. The @entity2223 response to water immersion does not appear to be influenced by sex. Researchers should consider the amplitude threshold that was used to determine a @entity2223 wave when interpreting previous data.

title: Cold-Induced Vasodilation during Single Digit Immersion in 0  C and 8  C Water in @entity1 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity2223 :: ('MESH:C564791', 'Disease') :: ['CIVD', 'cold-induced vasodilation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Women']


abstract: 1. Single mechanically skinned fibres from the @entity35 extensor digitorum longus muscle, which allow access to intracellular compartments, were used to examine the effects of 0.5-100 microM @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) on the major steps of the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling to elucidate the involvement of skeletal muscle in the @entity3326 ( @entity3326 ). 2. At 1 microM, @entity5579 caused a 20-30% increase in the force response induced by @entity262 and a marked increase in the rate of @entity5834 -induced SR @entity141 release. At [ @entity5579 ]> or =2.5 microM, there was an initial increase followed by a marked decrease of the @entity262 -induced force responses, while the potentiating effect on the @entity5834 -induced SR @entity141 release remained. These effects were reversible. 3. @entity5579 had no effect on the maximum @entity141 -activated force, but caused reversible, concentration-dependent increases in the @entity141 sensitivity of the contractile apparatus at [ @entity5579 ] > or =10 microM, with a 50% predicted shift of 0.11 pCa (-log [ @entity141 ]) units at 82.3 microM @entity5579 . 4. @entity5579 did not alter the rate of SR- @entity141 loading at 1 and 10 microM, but reversibly reduced it by approximately 40% at 100 microM by reducing the SR @entity141 pump. Nevertheless, the SR @entity141 content was greater when fibres became unresponsive to t-system-induced depolarisation in the presence than in the absence of 100 microM @entity5579 . 5. The results show that @entity5579 has concentration-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory effects on various steps of the E-C coupling, which can explain the involvement of skeletal muscle in @entity3326 and reconcile previous divergent data on @entity5579 effects on muscle.

title: Effects of @entity2644 on excitation-contraction coupling events in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['t-system depolarisation']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between dispensing of a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant medication and inpatient and outpatient service use in a cohort of veterans with confirmed @entity64 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Southeastern U. S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) network, from October 1, 2000, to September 30, 2001. @entity1 : 785 veterans with confirmed @entity64 . INTERVENTION: VHA and Medicare databases were used to obtain outcome information during the 12 months after the index @entity64 date. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of inpatient admissions, length of inpatient stays, and number of outpatient clinic stops for all causes. RESULTS: Among the study cohort (n = 785), 12% had an SSRI dispensed 30 days or less poststroke, 19% had an SSRI dispensed between 31 and 365 days poststroke, and 69% were not dispensed an SSRI poststroke. After adjusting for risk factors, no significant association was found between time to first SSRI dispensing and inpatient use. However, @entity1 with an early SSRI dispensing were more likely to have a greater number of all-cause outpatient stops compared with @entity1 with later or no SSRI dispensing. Regardless of time to first dispensing, @entity1 dispensed an SSRI had more outpatient clinic stops than @entity1 without the medication. CONCLUSION: SSRI dispensing was not predictive of inpatient use but was a strong predictor of all-cause outpatient clinic stops.

title: Impact of antidepressant dispensing on health service use among veterans with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: Thrombolytic recanalization of the obstructed coronary lumen was studied in 32 @entity1 receiving intracoronary streptokinase for 60 to 90 min during acute @entity583 . The process was viewed at high arteriographic magnification and was quantified with computer-assisted measurements from repeated single-plane views. The variability of the method for this application was 0.15 to 0.18 mm on minimum diameter estimates. Structural details were seen that are not commonly appreciated at conventional magnification. The recanalized lumen appears to form along an interface between the @entity715 and the vessel wall, progressively enlarging its minimum arteriographic diameter to 0.65 +/- 0.24 mm (+/- 1 SD) at the end of the short-term infusion of streptokinase reflecting a final percent stenosis of 77 +/- 10%. In nine @entity4798 found patent 5 +/- 3 weeks later, the recanalized lumen further improved an average of 0.34 mm in minimum diameter (p less than .005) and 13% stenosis (p less than .01). A thin film of contrast medium surrounding the obstructing @entity715 faintly defined the boundaries of the original atherosclerotic lumen in all but two cases. The "original stenosis" measured 1.25 +/- 0.32 mm in minimum diameter and 56 +/- 14% stenosis when first visualized; it was unchanged throughout the course of infusion of streptokinase. In five @entity1 catheterized 10 +/- 12 weeks before their @entity1188 , the original stenosis averaged 1.15 +/- 0.22 mm in the preinfarct angiogram, as compared with 1.17 +/- 0.23 mm in its faintly defined form during thrombolytic therapy (p = NS). In 10 cases, this original lesion was less than a 50% stenosis, and in 21 cases less than 60%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Incomplete lysis of XXXX in the moderate underlying atherosclerotic lesion during intracoronary infusion of streptokinase for acute @entity583 : quantitative angiographic observations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4798 :: ('MESH:D020520', 'Disease') :: ['infarct lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['thrombus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of culture and beliefs about @entity0 , and its implications on preventive health behaviour among South Asian @entity1 in the UK. METHODS: Using a qualitative approach, 24 South Asian @entity0 @entity1 and their significant others were interviewed. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were unfamiliar with the subject of @entity5 ; they expressed lack of knowledge of @entity5 as a disease and its symptoms. They identified a painless lump in the breast as sign of abnormality, but not @entity5 . They also did not know any non-lump breast symptoms. Over half participated in breast screening after encouragement from daughters or relatives. Most did not practise breast self-examination. Perceptions of @entity5 and health behaviour were influenced by cultural beliefs. Common themes were @entity5 is a taboo subject and @entity5 is a stigma. @entity1 also expressed misunderstandings about the cause of @entity5 . @entity5 in the family had ramifications on @entity1 ' s marriage prospects and may cause marital breakdown. Terminology used also caused communication problems with healthcare professionals and within the family: the use of ' chest' to substitute ' breast' changed the meaning of the message conveyed. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural beliefs and practices accentuate difficulties in understanding @entity0 , breast screening and breast self-examination, and can prevent South Asian @entity1 from adopting preventive health practices.

title: Culture, attitude and knowledge about XXXX and preventive measures: a qualitative study of South Asian @entity0 @entity1 in the UK.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: PROBLEM: Because shared allogeneic antigens are expressed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as trophoblasts, it has been proposed that lymphocyte transfusions may appropriately sensitize recurrent spontaneous aborters (RSA) to trophoblast and lead to pregnancy conservation. The degree to which these responses are affected by this treatment, however, has not been defined. METHOD: @entity214 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis ( @entity214 -PAGE) and Western blot analyses were used to study the alloantibody responses in RSA @entity1 both before and after immunization with paternal leukocytes (MNC) against membrane proteins isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), first trimester and full term chorionic villi (CV). RESULTS: A distinct set of antigens with apparent molecular weights of 32, 36, 41, 63, 65, and 85 kDa was identified in both MNC and trophoblast membranes by rabbit anti-trophoblast antisera. In addition, a 55 kDa protein was recognized by MNC membranes. Thirty-eight percent of primary RSA sera recognized this 55 kDa protein. After paternal MNC immunization, all primary RSA samples displayed increased reactivity or produced antibodies to this 55 kDa protein when compared with preimmunization sera. The protein was identified as @entity806 using a rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity806 antisera. In contrast, reactivity to the other antigens present in the membrane preparations decreased after paternal MNC immunization. CONCLUSION: Changes in immune reactivity in RSA @entity1 after paternal MNC immunization suggest that immunization alters serum immune reactivity to MNC and trophoblast shared antigens.

title: Alloantibody responses to antigens recognized by rabbit antitrophoblast antisera in trophoblast and mononuclear cell (MNC) membranes by primary aborting XXXX before and after paternal leukocyte immunization.

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different nonradioactive assay methods with a conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) measuring the concentration of serum @entity1955 (T4) in horses. Serum was obtained from 85 adult standardbred @entity1641 . The T4 concentration of each sample was analyzed by RIA, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CEI), and @entity2246 ( @entity2246 ). The correlation between the @entity2246 method and RIA method was significantly greater (r = 0.89) than the correlation between the CEI and the reference method (r = 0.53). In addition, the precision of the @entity2246 method was significantly greater than the CEI method; within-run percentage coefficients of variation were 4.5% and 15.9%, respectively, at mean T4 concentrations of 19-20 nmol/liter. On the basis of these findings, the @entity2246 method was evaluated further. Both between-run precision and linearity were deemed adequate upon dilution by the @entity2246 method. In addition, recovery of @entity1955 added to equine serum was linear over 6 concentrations tested and averaged 79.6% with a manufacturer recommended data correction factor. An in-house correction factor was calculated by linear regression analysis of the RIA and @entity2246 results from the original equine serum samples. Use of this correction factor improved the average recovery to 94.2% while maintaining excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9978). Although both nonradioactive methods of T4 analysis could likely substitute for the RIA reference method, the @entity2246 method had the highest correlation and precision. The @entity2246 technique also yielded adequately accurate results after correction of the data with an appropriate correction factor. Individually derived in-house correction factors may improve the accuracy of the @entity2246 method to a greater extent than manufacturer suggested correction factors.

title: Correlation of two nonradioactive immunoassays to a radioimmunoassay technique for XXXX measurement in equine serum.

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'L-thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2246 :: ('MESH:D008661', 'Disease') :: ['homogeneous enzyme immunoassay', 'HEI']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Gout is a chronic @entity32 the development of which is associated with @entity28 -induced @entity209 . However, a substantial number of @entity28 @entity1 (body mass index [BMI] <25  kg/m(2)) also develop @entity210 in Korea. It was suggested that accumulation of visceral fat rather than subcutaneous fat is associated with @entity209 and @entity5052 in @entity1 with @entity210 ; therefore, we hypothesized that visceral fat accumulation was @entity28 @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and three male @entity1 with @entity210 and 204 age-matched healthy controls who attended a health check-up examination were recruited after the review of medical charts. The visceral fat area (VFA) was measured using the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) method, and a VFA >100  cm(2) was defined as visceral fat @entity28 (VFO). The frequency of VFO was compared in @entity1 and control groups. The frequencies of @entity209 and related parameters were also investigated. RESULTS: BMI, waist circumference, total fat mass, serum @entity1674 , and serum @entity413 levels were significantly greater in @entity1 compared with controls. VFA and the prevalence of VFO was increased in @entity210 @entity1 compared with controls. There were positive correlations between VFA and serum @entity412 levels and serum @entity413 levels. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that VFO is an independent risk factor for @entity210 (odds ratio 2.488, 95% confidence interval 1.041-4.435). In @entity28 subgroup analyses ( @entity210 @entity1 , n   =   38; healthy controls, n   =   150), VFA (98.7        19.3 vs. 91.0        16.7, P   =   0.016) and the frequency of VFO (47.4 vs. 27.3%, P   =   0.017) remained significantly higher in @entity210 @entity1 . There was no difference in either BMI or total fat mass between @entity1 and controls in the @entity28 subgroup. The prevalence of @entity209 in @entity1 with @entity210 was 31.7% (33/104), compared with 13.2% (5/38) in the @entity28 subgroup according to modified ATP III criteria. CONCLUSION: VFO, measured using BIA, is observed more frequently in @entity1 with @entity210 compared with healthy controls, even in @entity28 individuals. Therefore, VFO might more properly represent metabolic derangements in @entity1 with @entity28 .

title: Visceral fat XXXX is highly associated with @entity210 in a metabolically obese but normal weighted population: a case control study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['gout than general obesity', 'obesity', 'increased in non-obese gout', 'non-obese']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity5052 :: ('MESH:D033461', 'Disease') :: ['hyperuricemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome', 'metabolic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity210 :: ('MESH:D006073', 'Disease') :: ['gout', 'primary gout']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: The occurrence of post-translationally methylated @entity2734 residues in beta AP from @entity6702 , @entity35139 and Porphyridium cruentum has recently been reported (Klotz, A.V., Leary, J.A. _ Glazer, A.N. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15891-15894). We reinvestigated the @entity535 compositions of all phycobiliproteins from Mastigocladus laminosus. During total hydrolysis of beta AP, beta 16.2 and beta PC one mol @entity8776 per mol protein was released. These proteins were chemically and enzymatically fragmented and the sequences of the fragments containing the modified @entity2734 residue were determined by automated Edman degradation. Residues beta AP72, beta 16.2 72 and beta PC 72 were identified as @entity70977 . This derivative of @entity2734 was also found at a homologous position in beta PE of Calothrix. In the x-ray structure model of C-phycocyanin (PC) the residue beta PC 72 points towards the chromophore beta 84, presumably having an effect on the spectroscopic characteristics of this light harvesting pigment protein complex.

title: Isolation and localization of XXXX in phycobiliproteins from the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity8776 :: ('MESH:C027451', 'Chemical') :: ['methylamine']

entities_list: @entity70977 :: ('CHEBI:44079', 'Chemical') :: ['N4-methylasparagine']

entities_list: @entity6702 :: ('1172', 'Species') :: ['Anabaena variabilis']

answer: @entity70977 :: (CHEBI:44079,Chemical) :: ['N4-methylasparagine']


abstract: SCOPE: We have investigated the potential use of b-conglutin protein isoforms from narrow-leafed @entity16413 (Lupinus angustifolius L.) as a @entity6 treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: We produced purified recombinant b1-, b2-, b3-, b4-, and b6-conglutin proteins and showed that @entity46171 could bind to insulin. To assess b-conglutin proteins modulatory effect on insulin-activation meditated kinases, whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures from @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) and healthy control subjects (C) were incubated with conglutin proteins. Treatment of PBMCs from @entity2175 @entity1 with b1, b3, and b6 proteins increased up to 3-folds mRNA and protein levels of genes important in insulin signalling pathways, namely @entity10175 / @entity8569 / @entity584 / @entity2368 . This was accompanied by a comparable fold-change decrease in the mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory genes ( @entity15237 and @entity1356 ) and proteins compared to healthy controls. The b2 and b4 isoforms had no effect on the insulin signalling pathway. However, these b-conglutin proteins elicited pro-inflammatory effects since levels of mRNA and proteins of @entity15237 and @entity1356 were increased. CONCLUSION: Our results raise the possibility of using these particular b-conglutin proteins in the prevention and treatment of @entity6 , as well as their potential as anti-inflammatory molecules. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: arrow-leafed lu XXXX Lupinus angustifolius L.) b-conglutin proteins modulate the insulin signalling pathway as potential type 2 di @entity6 reatment and inflammatory-related disease amelioration.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['T2D', 'Type 2 diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

answer: @entity16413 :: (51251,Gene) :: ['lupin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to identify demographic, clinical, and provider characteristics that might influence @entity5 survival in a cohort of Northern California @entity1 using a population-based @entity5 registry. METHODS: We used California @entity5 Registry data to evaluate survival in 1051 Northern California @entity1 who were diagnosed with @entity43 between 1994 and 1996 and underwent a surgical procedure for their @entity5 . Chemotherapy data from the @entity5 registry were supplemented with a physician survey and medical record review. Database linkages with census and hospital discharge data provided socioeconomic and comorbidity measures. Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival curves and multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the effect of different factors on survival. RESULTS: Crude 5-year survival was 82, 57, 28, and 10% for @entity1 with FIGO stage IC, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. Adverse survival was most strongly influenced by advanced stages III and IV with a hazards ratio ranging from 8 to 11.8 compared to stage @entity66 . Multivariate analysis also identified other adverse factors including high grade and other adverse histologies, age over 45, and rural location. Chemotherapy decreased the risk of @entity204 by 50% if the @entity1 had @entity5 . Medical comorbidity increased the risk of @entity204 by 40%. Survival was not influenced by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, physician specialty, or hospital characteristics. CONCLUSION: Advanced age remains an adverse prognostic factor even after adjustment for treatment and comorbidity factors. These results also suggest that there may be important regional differences in @entity43 survival.

title: Survival of Californian @entity1 with XXXX , 1994-1996: a population-based study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['IC disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer', 'advanced-stage disease']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: Whereas controversial, several studies have suggested that @entity842 (NO) alters cardiac contractility via @entity6708 , @entity6710 , or @entity12874 synthetase (PARS) activation. This study determined whether burn-related upregulation of myocardial inducible NO synthase ( @entity13633 ) and NO generation contributes to burn-mediated cardiac @entity409 . @entity19 homozygous null for the @entity13633 gene ( @entity13633 knockouts) were obtained from Jackson Laboratory. @entity13633 knockouts (KO) as well as wild-type @entity19 were given a cutaneous burn over 40% of the total body surface area by the application of brass probes (1 x 2 x 0.3 cm) heated to 100 degrees C to the animals' sides and back for 5 s ( @entity13633 /KO burn and wild-type burn). Additional groups of @entity13633 KO and wild-type @entity19 served as appropriate sham burn groups ( @entity13633 /KO sham and wild-type sham). Cardiac function was assessed 24 h postburn by perfusing hearts (n = 7-10 @entity19 /group). @entity130 in wild-type @entity19 @entity299 as indicated by the lower left ventricular pressure (LVP, 67 +/- 2 mmHg) compared with that measured in wild-type shams (94 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.001), a lower rate of LVP rise (+dP/dtmax, 1,620 +/- 94 vs. 2,240 +/- 58 mmHg/s, P < 0.001), and a lower rate of LVP fall (-dP/dtmax, 1,200 +/- 84 vs. 1,800 +/- 42 mmHg/s, P < 0.001). Ventricular function curves confirmed significant @entity409 after burn @entity130 in wild-type @entity19 . @entity130 in @entity13633 KO @entity19 produced fewer @entity299 compared with those observed in wild-type burns (LVP: 78 +/- 5 mmHg; +dP/dt: 1,889 +/- 160 mmHg/s; -dP/dt: 1,480 +/- 154 mmHg/s). The use of a pharmacological approach to inhibit @entity13633 ( @entity5118 , given ip) in additional wild-type shams and burns confirmed the @entity13633 KO data. Whereas the absence of @entity13633 attenuated burn-mediated cardiac @entity409 , these experiments did not determine the contribution of cardiac-derived NO versus NO generated by immune cells. However, our data indicate a role for NO in @entity299 after major @entity130 .

title: Molecular and pharmacological approaches to inhibiting XXXX after burn @entity130 .

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine']

entities_list: @entity12874 :: ('MESH:D011064', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(ADP ribose)']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['contractile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac derangements', 'cardiac dysfunction', 'impaired cardiac function']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Burn trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After focal @entity2806 , depending on its localization and extent, secondary @entity528 may occur that is remote from the initial lesion. In this study differences in secondary damage of the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus (VPN) and the @entity9479 ( @entity9479 ) were investigated with the use of different @entity63 models. METHODS: Transient @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) leads to cortical @entity1188 , including parts of the basal ganglia such as the globus pallidus, and to @entity4 . @entity63 generates pure cortical @entity1188 sparing the basal ganglia and with only minor @entity4 . @entity528 was quantified within the ipsilateral @entity9479 and VPN 14 days after @entity63 . Glial reactions were studied with the use of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity2500 resulted in delayed neuronal cell loss of the ipsilateral VPN and @entity9479 . Glial activation occurred in both nuclei beginning after 24 hours. @entity63 resulted in delayed neuronal cell loss only within the VPN. Even 2 weeks after @entity63 , glial activation could only be seen within the VPN. CONCLUSIONS: Pure cortical @entity1188 after @entity63 , without major @entity4 and without effects on the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, only lead to secondary VPN damage that is possibly due to @entity10747 . @entity2500 , which results in @entity1188 and which causes @entity4 , leads to secondary damage in the VPN and @entity9479 . Thus, additional @entity16 may be due to loss of protective GABAergic input from the globus pallidus to the @entity9479 or due to the extensive @entity4 . @entity10747 is not possible because the @entity9479 , in contrast to the VPN, has no efferents to the cortex.

title: Different mechanisms of secondary @entity528 in thalamic nuclei after focal XXXX in rats.

entities_list: @entity10747 :: ('MESH:D012183', 'Disease') :: ['Retrograde degeneration', 'retrograde degeneration']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Photothrombotic ischemia', 'ischemia', 'photothrombotic ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edema', 'widespread edema']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['RTN damage']

entities_list: @entity9479 :: ('MESH:D013786', 'Disease') :: ['reticular thalamic nucleus', 'RTN']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction of cortex and globus pallidus', 'infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage', 'Neuronal degeneration']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['cerebral ischemia']


abstract: @entity164 2 @entity6 is a strong risk factor for @entity301 and @entity1164 . It is associated with reduced baroreflex sensitivity ( @entity4375 ) and heart rate variability (HRV), which are indicators of increased risk for mortality and morbidity in various @entity1 populations. This study was designed to assess the effects of exercise training on @entity4375 , HRV, and hemodynamics in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Subjects (50 @entity1 , mean age 53.3 +/- 5.1 years) with @entity164 2 @entity6 were randomized into either a control group, in which they received conventional treatment only, or an exercise group, in which they received conventional treatment together with heart rate-controlled endurance training twice a week and supervised muscle strength training twice a week for 12 months. Measurements taken at baseline and follow-up included VO(2max), standard time and frequency domain measures of HRV during 24-h recording, and @entity4375 by the @entity2647 method. Cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index, @entity64 index, and pulse wave velocity were measured by whole-body impedance cardiography. Significant improvements in VO(2max) (exercise group: +2.3 ml x kg(-1) x @entity1009 ); P < 0.005 vs. control group), muscle strength, and glycemic control (exercise group: HbA(1c) -0.9%; P < 0.001 vs. control group) were observed in the exercise group. @entity4375 increased in the exercise group, from 6.8 to 8.6 ms/mmHg, and decreased in the control group, from 7.5 to 6.4 ms/mmHg (95% CI for the difference between 0.05 and 4.36 ms/mmHg; P < 0.05). No significant changes in the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or in systemic hemodynamics were observed. We concluded that exercise training improves @entity4375 sensitivity in @entity164 2 @entity6 subjects in addition to increasing the exercise capacity and muscle strength and improving @entity413 control. These beneficial effects in reflectory autonomic regulation and @entity413 control caused by exercise may be associated with improved prognosis of @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

title: Exercise training improves baroreflex sensitivity in XXXX 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity164 :: (MESH:D017827,Disease) :: ['type']


abstract: In an accompanying paper, we find specific localization of @entity1619 cells only to islets of Langerhans bearing the specific antigen. Instrumental in the specific localization was the presence of intraislet dendritic cells bearing the b-cell-peptide-MHC complex. Here, we report that the entry of diabetogenic CD4 T cells very rapidly triggered inflammatory gene expression changes in islets and vessels by up-regulating chemokines and adhesion molecules. @entity4725 ( @entity4725 ) expression was notable in blood vessels, as was @entity2071 ( @entity2071 ). @entity2071 was also found on b-cells. These expression changes induced the entry of nonspecific T cells that otherwise did not localize to the islets. In contrast to the entry of diabetogenic CD4 T cells, the entrance of nonspecific T cells required a chemokine response and @entity4725 expression by the islets. @entity379 was important for the early gene expression changes in the islets. By microarray analysis, we detected up-regulation of a group of IFN-inducible genes as early as 8 h post-T-cell transfer. These studies establish that entry of @entity1619 cells induces a state of receptivity of islets to subsequent immunological insults.

title: Entry of XXXX cells into islets induces changes that lead to amplification of the cellular response.

entities_list: @entity4725 :: ('7412', 'Gene') :: ['Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1', 'VCAM-1']

entities_list: @entity1619 :: ('MESH:D015458', 'Disease') :: ['diabetogenic T']

entities_list: @entity2071 :: ('3383', 'Gene') :: ['ICAM-1', 'intercellular adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity1619 :: (MESH:D015458,Disease) :: ['diabetogenic T']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mild @entity2332 improves the outcomes of @entity772 @entity1 after @entity1167 . Its neuroprotective mechanism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of mild @entity2332 on @entity550 and cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity35 were randomized into the @entity1585 ( @entity1585 ), normothermic group (NT) or the sham control group. @entity2224 was electrically induced and untreated for 8 mins, followed by 8 mins of precordial compressions and mechanical ventilations. The core temperature in the @entity1585 group was reduced to 33  0.5  C at 14 mins after ROSC with a combination of ice packs, an electrical fan and a cooling blanket. The temperature was maintained at 33  C for 8hrs. Hemodynamics, @entity455 and @entity550 were measured at baseline, 2, 4 and 8hrs after ROSC. RESULTS: Microvascular flow index was significantly reduced in the NT and @entity1585 groups when compared with the SC group. A significant lesser reduction in microvascular flow index was observed in the @entity1585 group when compared with the NT group. Mild @entity2332 reduced the cerebral @entity26 extraction ratio after resuscitation when compared with the NT group. CONCLUSION: Mild @entity2332 improves the cerebral cortex microcirculatory blood supply/ @entity26 uptake mismatching after resuscitation. This may provide an additional cerebral protection.

title: Mild @entity2332 preserves @entity550 after resuscitation in a XXXX model of @entity1167 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial and jugular venous blood gases']

entities_list: @entity550 :: ('MESH:D000303', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral cortex microcirculation']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity772 :: ('MESH:D003128', 'Disease') :: ['comatose']

entities_list: @entity1585 :: ('MESH:D065703', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermic group', 'HT']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The specialised regions of the stomach include the @entity418 , fundus, body, antrum and the pylorus. Not only do these regions have specific secretory functions, but also, they have specific motor functions as well. For example, the proximal stomach is most important in regulating emptying of liquids and the distal stomach and pylorus, the emptying of solids. Disorders of gastric emptying can be classified into two major categories: mechanical obstruction due to increased resistance and functional obstruction ( @entity7623 ) due to pump failure. Gastroparesis is best diagnosed using a solid test meal which is labelled by a gamma-emitting radionuclide. Agents employed to treat @entity7623 include @entity10257 , @entity1769 and @entity2211 . Entero-gastric reflux occurs when there are abnormalities in the duodeno-gastric pressure gradient or the duodeno-gastric resistance mechanism. @entity356 may be seen in @entity1 with @entity2275 , @entity1030 , @entity9834 or @entity356 . The diagnosis of @entity356 depends upon typical symptoms and the demonstration of @entity356 by scintigraphic techniques or the measurement of bile concentrations within the stomach. Medical treatment with bile chelating agents and surface coating agents has been disappointing. Surgical treatment should only be undertaken as a last resort.

title: Gastroduodenal motility disturbances in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9834 :: ('MESH:D017562', 'Disease') :: ['post-cholecystectomy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity1769 :: ('MESH:D008787', 'Chemical') :: ['metoclopramide']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['excessive entero-gastric reflux', 'entero-gastric reflux gastritis', 'Excessive entero-gastric reflux', 'post-operative entero-gastric reflux gastritis']

entities_list: @entity2211 :: ('MESH:D004294', 'Chemical') :: ['domperidone']

entities_list: @entity7623 :: ('MESH:D018589', 'Disease') :: ['gastroparesis']

entities_list: @entity10257 :: ('MESH:D018723', 'Chemical') :: ['bethanechol']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Formation of @entity1373 following angioplastic procedures can lead to complications, including restenosis and accelerated @entity731 . The vessel wall media is a main source of neointimal cells. However, evidence suggests that there are additional cell sources, such as the adventitia. Here we investigate whether an extensive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the media results in less @entity1373 or if there is compensatory cell recruitment from the adventitia. METHODS: A balloon catheter was pulled through the @entity95 carotid artery 4 times ( @entity130 ) or 2 times ( @entity130 ). Adventitial cells were labeled with @entity1603 or @entity13214 . RESULTS: The @entity130 , but not the @entity130 , resulted in a complete loss of VSMCs in large parts of the media and significant leukocyte infiltration. The @entity130 resulted in less @entity8233 compared with the @entity130 . The thinnest @entity8233 was seen at the most injured parts of the media in the @entity130 group. Cell-tracking experiments showed that the media, but not the adventitia, served as a source of neointimal cells. CONCLUSION: An augmented @entity130 with extensive @entity393 in @entity95 reduced the degree of @entity1373 . No compensatory recruitment of neointimal cells from the adventitia occurred.

title: Increased vascular injury reduces the degree of @entity1373 following angioplasty in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['intimal hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['VSMC loss']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['angioplastic injury', 'minor injury', 'major injury']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['neointima']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report a case series of thoracic bite trauma in @entity235 and @entity468 and to evaluate risk factors for mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study concerning thoracic bite wounds in @entity235 and @entity468 was performed. Lesions were categorized by depth of penetration: no wound, superficial, deep or penetrating. Thoracic radiographic reports were reviewed. Lesion management was classified as non-surgical, wound exploration, or explorative thoracotomy. RESULTS: Sixty-five cases were collected. Twenty-two percent of @entity1 with normal respiratory patterns showed thoracic radiographic lesions. Respiratory distress was not correlated with mortality. Twenty-eight @entity1 were presented with superficial wounds and 13 with @entity130 . Eight @entity1 exhibited penetrating wounds. Radiographic lesions were observed in 77% of @entity235 and 100% of @entity468 . Explorative thoracotomy was performed in 28% of @entity1 , and surgical wound exploration in 17.2%. With the exception of @entity272 , thoracic wall discontinuity was the most frequent lesion. Thoracotomy was associated with increased length of hospitalisation but was not correlated with mortality. The mortality rate was 15.4%. No studied factor correlated with mortality, and the long-term outcomes were excellent. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: A penetrating injury, more than three radiographic lesions, or both together seemed to be indicative of the need for a thoracotomy. In the absence of these criteria, systematic bite wound explorative surgery is recommended, with extension to thoracotomy if thoracic body wall disruption is observed.

title: @entity130 in XXXX and @entity468 : a retrospective study of 65 cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin wounds']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['deep wounds']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Determination of the prevalence of @entity717 and its association with signs and symptoms of the hips and knees in a Dutch general population aged 55 years and over. DESIGN: Cross-sectional population-based study. SETTING: Rotterdam-Ommoord, the Netherlands. METHOD: During home interviews of 1,901 @entity1 and 3,132 @entity1 aged 55 years and over living in the Ommoord district of @entity717 was assessed using the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). Morning @entity2693 and @entity158 during the past month were assessed. At the research centre weightbearing radiographs of the hips and knees were taken. @entity571 was defined as Kellgren score 2 or more. A complete physical examination of the hips and knees was performed. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity717 was 21.9% for independently living @entity1 and 36.0% for independently living @entity1 . In homes for the elderly these figures were 84.0% en 96.5%, respectively. There were significantly elevated age-adjusted odds ratios for @entity717 for @entity1 , @entity1 in homes for the elderly, independently living @entity1 with only primary education, independently living @entity1 with a below-median net annual income and widowed @entity1 in homes for the elderly. Taking the associations between the independent variables into account only morning @entity2693 , @entity158 and restricted flexion of the hips and knees were independently associated with @entity717 in @entity1 . In @entity1 radiological @entity571 of the hips and knees, restricted endorotation of the hip, instability and @entity85 of the knees were also associated with disability. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of @entity717 in @entity1 aged 55 years and over in the general population was high and associated with female sex, low education, low income and living in a home for the elderly. Of the signs and symptoms of the hips and knees only @entity158 , morning @entity2693 and restricted flexion of the hip were independently associated with @entity717 . @entity571 of the hip and knee did not contribute much to the explanation of @entity717 .

title: [ XXXX in the elderly; the ERGO Study (Erasmus Rotterdam Health and the Elderly). ERGO Study Group].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Radiological osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain in the hips and knees']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['locomotor disability', 'Rotterdam, locomotor disability']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity']

entities_list: @entity2693 :: ('MESH:C566112', 'Disease') :: ['stiffness']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Locomotor disability']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the reliability of instruments used in clinical trials involving @entity73 older adults when the instruments are administered in-home rather than in-clinic and to compare withdrawal rates is these two groups. DESIGN: This study was part of a larger n-of-1 clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of a @entity11926 inhibitor ( @entity51265 ) in @entity1 with @entity195 . @entity1 were initially assessed at the clinic (baseline) and then randomly allocated to in-home or in-clinic assessments for the remainder of the trial. The baseline and second assessment (performed before initiation of the treatment) were used for the reliability analysis. Withdrawal rates were examined over the course of the 6-month trial. SETTING: Assessments took place at a geriatric clinic in an urban university teaching hospital and at residences of some of the @entity1 . @entity1 : Forty-six @entity195 @entity1 participated in the study, of which, 22 were randomized to in-home assessments and 24 to in-clinic assessments. MEASUREMENTS: Test-retest reliability was measured for all five instruments used in the study and was based on the first two assessments. Sample size requirements, based on within-group variance, were calculated. Withdrawal rates were obtained for the total duration of the trial. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability of the instruments, as determined by intraclass correlations, was good in both groups but favored in-clinic for all but one instrument (range: 0.47-0.90 for in-home vs 0.57-0.92 for in-clinic). Sample size requirements based on reliability assessment data were found to be larger for some instruments when administered in-home. Only four in-home @entity1 withdrew before completion of the study, compared with eight in-clinic @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results suggest the in-home assessments in @entity73 older adults may result in lower withdrawal rates but may necessitate larger sample sizes to offset larger test-retest variability.

title: Clinical trials in XXXX older adults: home versus clinic assessments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitively impaired']

entities_list: @entity51265 :: ('MESH:C038213', 'Chemical') :: ['Brofaromine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitively impaired']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the performance of a cognitive and emotional test battery in a representative sample of @entity308 outpatients to inform likelihood of remission over 8 weeks of treatment with each of three common antidepressant medications. @entity1 AND METHODS: Outpatients 18-65 years old with nonpsychotic major @entity308 (17 sites) were randomized to @entity837 , @entity3756 or @entity906 -XR (extended release). @entity1 scored >= 12 on the baseline 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report and completed 8 weeks of treatment. The baseline test battery measured cognitive and emotional status. Exploratory multivariate logistic regression models predicting remission (16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology - Self-Report score  <=5 at 8 weeks) were developed independently for each medication in subgroups stratified by age, sex, or cognitive and emotional test performance. The model with the highest cross-validated accuracy determined the @entity1 proportion in each arm for whom remission could be predicted with an accuracy >= 10% above chance. The proportion for whom a prediction could be made with very high certainty (positive predictive value and negative predictive value exceeding 80%) was calculated by incrementally increasing test battery thresholds to predict remission/non-remission. RESULTS: The test battery, individually developed for each medication, improved identification of remitting and non-remitting @entity1 by >= 10% beyond chance for 243 of 467 @entity1 . The overall remission rates were @entity837 : 40.8%, @entity3756 : 30.3%, and @entity906 -XR: 31.1%. Within this subset for whom prediction exceeded chance, test battery thresholds established a negative predictive value of >= 80%, which identified 40.9% of @entity1 not remitting on @entity837 , 77.1% of @entity1 not remitting on @entity3756 , and 38.7% of @entity1 not remitting on @entity906 -XR (all including 20% false negatives). CONCLUSION: The test battery identified about 50% of each medication group as being >= 10% more or less likely to remit than by chance, and identified about 38% of individuals who did not remit with >= 80% certainty. Clinicians might choose to avoid this specific medication in these particular @entity1 .

title: Toward an online cognitive and emotional battery to predict treatment remission in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder', 'depressed']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: In a prospective, controlled, randomized trial of @entity548 prophylaxis, 400 @entity1 in a surgical intensive care unit received 50 mg @entity4140 (n = 200) or 200 mg @entity5616 (n = 200) daily. The drugs were administered continuously via an intravenous line. The mean duration of the treatment was 3.9 days. @entity1 were included in the study if no long-term ventilation was expected. In @entity1 with a stomach tube in place, the intragastric pH was determined every eight hours. Bleeding was defined as macroscopically visible. Along with @entity548 , the development of @entity86 was documented. The intragastric pH was less than 4 significantly more often in @entity1 treated with @entity4140 . In @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , six stress bleedings were observed, while in the @entity4140 group three @entity548 episodes occurred. Seven of the nine @entity548 @entity1 were found to have a very high @entity548 risk. In mechanically ventilated @entity1 , a significantly higher risk of @entity55 was observed compared with non-ventilated @entity1 (18.0% vs 2.7%). Fourteen of the 20 @entity55 occurred in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 . In ventilated @entity1 treated with @entity5616 , the @entity55 rate was 28.6%, while in the @entity4140 group the @entity55 rate reached only 9.1% (p less than 0.05). The increased frequency of @entity55 in @entity1 treated with @entity5616 appears to be caused by overgrowth of gram-negative bacteria in the stomach. @entity4140 provides adequate protection against @entity548 while also minimizing the danger of @entity55 caused by infection via the gastropulmonary route.

title: Prevention of @entity548 with @entity5616 or @entity4140 and the risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['stress bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia', 'pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

answer: @entity55 :: (MESH:D011014,Disease) :: ['pneumonia']


abstract: @entity130 is a devastating injury that results in a number of pathological alterations in almost every system in the body. @entity2495 , muscle wasting, @entity308 immunity, and @entity73 are all clinical features of burns. Failure to address each of these specific pathological alterations can lead to increased mortality. Nutrition supplementation has been recommended as a therapeutic tool to help attenuate the @entity2495 and devastating catabolism evident following burn. Despite the wide consensus on the need of nutrition supplementation in burn @entity1 , controversy exists with regard to the type and amount of nutrition recommended. Nutrition alone is also not enough in these @entity1 to halt and reverse some of the damage done by the catabolic pathways activated following severe @entity130 . This has led to the use of anabolic pharmacologic agents in conjunction with nutrition to help improve @entity1 outcome following @entity130 . In this review, we examine the relevant literature on nutrition after @entity130 and its contribution to the attenuation of the postburn @entity2495 response, @entity73 , and suppressed immunological responses. We also review the commonly used anabolic agents clinically in the care of burn @entity1 . Finally, we provide nutrition and pharmacological recommendations gained from prospective trials, retrospective analyses, and expert opinions based on our practice at the Ross Tilley Burn Center in Toronto, Canada.

title: Nutrition and anabolic pharmacotherapies in the care of burn XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impaired wound healing']

entities_list: @entity2495 :: ('MESH:C565498', 'Disease') :: ['hypermetabolic', 'Hypermetabolism', 'hypermetabolism']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Thermal injury', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Lumax 740(  ) @entity737 ( @entity737 ) system in @entity1 undergoing a defined 1.5 Tesla (T) MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between November 2013 and April 2014, eighteen @entity1 (age range, 41-78 years; mean age, 64 years) implanted with a Lumax 740(  ) @entity737 system for at least 6 weeks before an MRI were enrolled into this single-center feasibility study. The local ethics committee approved the study before @entity1 gave written informed consent. @entity1 underwent defined MRI 1.5T of the brain and lower lumbar spine with three safety follow-up evaluations obtained during the 3-month study period. Data were analyzed descriptively. Study endpoints were the absence of either MRI and pacing system related serious adverse device effects (SADE), or of a ventricular pacing threshold increase >0.5V, or of an R-wave amplitude attenuation   <   50%, or of an R-wave amplitude   <   5.0 mV at 1-month follow-up. The assessment of safety and efficacy was supported by recording of all adverse events, changes in pacing threshold, R-wave sensing, pacing impedances and in battery status. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity1 completed the MRI and the follow-up period. As no SADE occurred, the SADE free rate was 100%. Freedom from ventricular pacing threshold increase was 100% (16/16; 95%CI: 82.9%; 100.0%). There were no significant differences between baseline and follow-up measurements of sensing amplitudes (-0.58        2.07 mV, P   =   0.239, -0.41        1.04 mV, P   =   0.133, and -0.25        1.36 mV, P   =   0.724, for immediately after, 1 month and 3 months after MRI scan, respectively) and pacing thresholds (-0.047        0.18   V, P   =   0.317, -0.019        0.11   V, P   =   0.490, and 0.075        0.19   V, P   =   0.070, for immediately after, 1 month and 3 months after MRI scan, respectively). Lead impedances after the MRI scan were significantly lower as compared with baseline values (-22.8        21.69   , P   =   0.001, -21.62        39.71   , P   =   0.040, and -33.68        57.73   , P   =   0.018, for immediately after, 1 month and 3 months after MRI scan, respectively). CONCLUSION: MRI scans in @entity1 with MRI conditional @entity737 system (Lumax 740(  ) ) are feasible and can be performed safely under defined conditions in a hospital setting.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:574-584.

title: Clinical safety of an MRI conditional implantable cardioverter defibrillator system: A prospective Monocenter XXXX -Magnetic resonance Imaging feasibility study (MIMI).

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

answer: @entity737 :: (MESH:D057873,Disease) :: ['ICD']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1351 is a @entity563 protease that plays a critical role in fibrinolysis, which is a process that prevents @entity4461 from growing and becoming problematic. Recombinant @entity1 microplasminogen (rh @entity1351 ) is a derivative of @entity1351 that solely consists of the catalytic domain of @entity1 @entity1351 and lacks the five kringle domains found in the native protein. Developing an industrial production method that provides high yields of this protein with high purity, quality, and potency is critical for preclinical research. RESULTS: The @entity1 microplasminogen gene was cloned into the pPIC9K vector, and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into @entity10101 . The concentration of @entity1351 reached 510.1  mg/L of culture medium. Under fermentation conditions, the yield of rh @entity1351 was 1.0  g/L. We purified rh @entity1351 to 96  % purity by gel-filtration and cation-exchange chromatography. The specific activity of rh @entity1351 reached 23.6 U/mg. The K m of substrate hydrolysis by recombinant @entity1 microplasmin was comparable to that of @entity1 @entity1351 , while rh Plm had higher k cat /Km values than @entity1351 . The high purity and activity of the rh @entity1351 obtained here will likely prove to be a valuable tool for studies of its application in @entity715 and @entity1715 . CONCLUSIONS: Reliable rh @entity1351 production (for use in therapeutic applications) is feasible using genetically modified @entity10056 as a host strain. The successful expression of rh @entity1351 in @entity10056 lays a solid foundation for its downstream application.

title: High-level expression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of truncated @entity1 plasminogen (Lys531-Asn791) in the methylotrophic yeast XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1715 :: ('MESH:D018630', 'Disease') :: ['vitreoretinopathies']

entities_list: @entity10101 :: ('644223', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris strain GS115']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clots']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic diseases']

answer: @entity10056 :: (4922,Species) :: ['Pichia pastoris']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND We identified an outbreak of AmpC-producing @entity526 infections resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and @entity2888 (CR) among 7 @entity1 who had undergone endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A during November 2012-August 2013. Gene sequencing revealed a shared novel mutation in a bla CMY gene and a distinctive fumC/ fimH typing profile. OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and epidemiologic characteristics of the outbreak, identify potential sources of transmission, design and implement infection control measures, and determine the association between the CR @entity526 and AmpC @entity526 circulating at hospital A. METHODS We reviewed laboratory, medical, and endoscopy reports, and endoscope reprocessing procedures. We obtained cultures from endoscopes after reprocessing as well as environmental samples and conducted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and gene sequencing on phenotypic AmpC isolates from @entity1 and endoscopes. Cases were those infected with phenotypic AmpC isolates (both @entity2893 -susceptible and CR) and identical bla CMY-2, fumC, and fimH alleles or related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. RESULTS Thirty-five of 49 AmpC @entity526 tested met the case definition, including all CR isolates. All cases had complicated @entity253 and had undergone at least 1 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography at hospital A. Mortality at 30 days was 16% for all @entity1 and 56% for CR @entity1 . Two of 8 reprocessed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography scopes harbored AmpC that matched case isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Environmental cultures were negative. No breaches in infection control were identified. Endoscopic reprocessing exceeded manufacturer's recommended cleaning guidelines. CONCLUSION Recommended reprocessing guidelines are not sufficient. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1-9.

title: Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography-Associated AmpC XXXX Outbreak.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2893 :: ('CHEBI:46765', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenem']

entities_list: @entity2888 :: ('MESH:D015780', 'Chemical') :: ['carbapenems']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']