abstract: OBJECTIVE: Imaging with fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has, until recently provided disappointing results with low sensitivity ranging from 31%-64% in @entity1 with well-differentiated @entity263 ( @entity263 ) at all prostatic specific antigen (PSA) levels while fluorine-18-fluoroethylcholine ((18)F- @entity7886 ) PET/CT showed about 85% sensitivity in restaging @entity1 after relapse. We present our experience of the sensitivity of (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT in the early stages of @entity263 . SUBJECT AND METHODS: Fifty @entity1 were prospectively recruited and imaged, of which 40 fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Our @entity1 had an average age of 65.5 years. Fifteen @entity1 were referred for initial staging, with the remaining 25 referred for restaging and all @entity1 had histologically confirmed @entity420 . @entity1 were imaged by (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT. Findings were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively and compared to the results of histology, PSA, Gleason score and bone scintigraphy. The prostate SUVmax was also used. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity1 demonstrated abnormal pelvic- and or extra- pelvic findings on (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT, which was consistent with malignant or metastatic involvement. The prostate SUVmax could not be used to predict the presence or absence of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Findings of this paper suggest that (18)F- @entity7886 PET/CT in 30/40 cases (estimated as 75%) was helpful in the initial staging, restaging and lymph node detection of @entity1 with @entity263 . The SUVmax was not helpful. We diagnosed more @entity263 cases in our African-American @entity1 as compared to the Caucasian @entity1 .

title: Fluorine-18-Fluoroethylcholine PET/CT in the detection of XXXX : A South African experience.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there are disparities in utilization of outpatient and home care services after @entity64 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: The Kaiser Permanente of Northern California health care system, which provides health care for approximately 3.3 million members. @entity1 : A total of 11,119 @entity1 hospitalized for a @entity64 between 1996 and 2003 and followed for 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Receipt of outpatient rehabilitation (physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, or physical medicine and rehabilitation/physiatry visits), and/or home health care. RESULTS: There were significant differences in outpatient rehabilitation visits and home health enrollment during the year after acute care discharge for all the parameters under study. Older age and female gender were associated with less outpatient rehabilitation treatment, but these subpopulations were more likely to be enrolled in home health care. Non-whites, @entity1 from urban areas, those with @entity385 , and those with longer acute care hospital stays had relatively more outpatient rehabilitation and were also more likely to be enrolled in the home health program. In addition, @entity1 living in geographic areas with a median household income of  80,000 or more had significantly more outpatient rehabilitation visits than did @entity1 living in lower income areas. CONCLUSIONS: Variations in outpatient rehabilitation visits and in home health care exist in this large integrated health system in terms of age, gender, race/ethnicity, residence area, type of @entity64 , and length of stay in an acute care hospital. The Kaiser Permanente integrated health care system seems to have outpatient @entity64 rehabilitation and home health programs that are providing care without disparities in relation to non-white populations, but other disparities appear to exist that may be related to socioeconomic factors, referral patterns, family support systems, or other cultural factors that have not been identified.

title: Disparities in outpatient and home health service utilization following XXXX : results of a 9-year cohort study in Northern California.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We investigated the expression of @entity23797 ( @entity23797 ) and @entity34650 ( @entity34650 ) in @entity5 . To analyze @entity23797 and @entity34650 expression, an endocervical cytobrush sample was taken for total RNA isolation. @entity34650 and @entity23797 mRNA was quantified from total RNA using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. A total of 71 samples were collected and classified according to the Bethesda Classification of squamous @entity75 . @entity23797 expression was observed in 9 (12.7%) samples; of these, 5.3, 5.9, 14.8, and 37.5% in the groups that were cytology negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ), and @entity189 , respectively. The expression level of @entity23797 was significantly higher in the group with @entity189 as compared with the groups negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, @entity2784 , and @entity2784 (P < 0.0005). @entity34650 mRNA was expressed in all samples. @entity34650 expression was significantly higher in @entity189 groups compared with @entity2784 , @entity2784 , and negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy groups. We found that @entity23797 and @entity34650 expressions in the @entity2784 and @entity189 groups were higher than expression in cytological normal samples. Additional studies should be conducted to examine the function of transcription factors during different stages of the transformation of cervical @entity5 cells.

title: @entity23797 and XXXX are overexpressed in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['invasive cervical carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity34650 :: ('10664', 'Gene') :: ['CCCTC-binding factor', 'CTCF']

entities_list: @entity23797 :: ('140690', 'Gene') :: ['Brother of Regulator of Imprinted Sites', 'BORIS']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions', 'LSIL', 'HSIL', 'low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions']

answer: @entity34650 :: (10664,Gene) :: ['CTCF']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a new technique combining intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy (AK) with a laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) flap followed by excimer laser photoablation to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) high @entity940 and @entity2516 . SETTING: Kasr El Aini Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. DESIGN: Prospective interventional uncontrolled case series. METHODS: @entity1 with post-PKP high @entity940 and @entity2516 had paired intrastromal AK with LASIK flap using the M2 microkeratome followed 2 to 3 months later by excimer laser photoablation. The main outcome measures were uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), mean refractive spherical equivalent (SE), and mean cylinder after each step and at the 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: The study comprised 20 eyes (20 @entity1 ). All parameters were significantly improved in all @entity1 by the last follow-up visit.  The mean UDVA improved from 1.07 logMAR    0.2 (SD) preoperatively to 0.23    0.18  logMAR (P < .001), the mean CDVA improved from 0.79    0.18 logMAR to 0.12    0.12  logMAR (P < .001), the mean refractive SE improved from -5.04    2.62 diopters (D) to -1.47    1.32 D (P = .001), and the mean cylinder reduced from -5.39    0.98 D to -1.05    0.71 D (P < .001). The mean correction index was 0.84    0.10, and the mean flattening index was 0.83     0.10. Thirty-five percent of cases developed microperforations, and 15% developed @entity2543 . CONCLUSION: This combined approach allowed for the correction of high @entity940 and @entity2516 following PKP; however, @entity2543 requiring intervention is a complication to be considered. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Combined intrastromal astigmatic keratotomy and laser in situ keratomileusis flap  followed by photoablation to  correct post-penetrating keratoplasty XXXX and high @entity940 : One-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity2543 :: ('MESH:D017573', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial ingrowth']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['ametropia']

answer: @entity2516 :: (MESH:D012030,Disease) :: ['ametropia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) significantly reduces the risk of new skeletal-related events (SREs) in @entity1 with @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) who have bone @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the cost and cost-effectiveness of @entity5921 in the management of skeletal @entity3 in this population across 5 European countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands) from the perspective of national health care. METHODS: This cost-effectiveness analysis was based on a subset of @entity1 with @entity1149 who were enrolled in a Phase III trial of @entity1 with bone @entity3 secondary to a variety of solid @entity5 . In this trial, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity5921 or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 21 months. Survival, SRE incidence, and number of infusions administered were derived from the clinical trial. Costs of SREs were estimated using hospital Diagnosis Related Group tariffs and published data. Drug, drug administration, and supply costs were obtained from published and internet sources. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) were estimated based on the published utilities and modeled survival and frequency of SREs. Uncertainty surrounding outcomes was addressed via univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. RESULTS: Compared with @entity1 receiving placebo (n = 120), @entity1 receiving @entity5921 (n = 124) experienced an estimated 0.79 fewer SREs and gained an estimated 0.02 QALYs. @entity5921 use in @entity1 with @entity1149 and bone @entity3 was associated with a reduction in SRE costs (ranging from    1547 to    1893 [2007-2008    ], depending on the country). After adding drug and drug administration costs, @entity5921 use resulted in a net savings of    288 per @entity1 in Germany,    209 in the United Kingdom, and    113 in Portugal. In France and the Netherlands, costs increased (   17 and    178, respectively), but the costs per QALY gained were low (   786 and    8278, respectively). In univariate sensitivity analyses, the cost per QALY for @entity5921 versus placebo was  <=   50,000 for all scenarios tested. The results were most sensitive to assumptions regarding survival, number of @entity5921 infusions, and the costs of SREs. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that @entity5921 cost  <=   50,000 per QALY in 65% to 83% of model simulations (depending on country). However, some degree of uncertainty remained as the 95th percentile of cost per QALY was high. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis is subject to the usual limitations of cost-effectiveness models, which combine assumptions and data from multiple sources. Nevertheless, based on the assumptions used herein, the present model suggests that @entity5921 increases QALYs and is cost saving and/or cost effective compared with placebo in @entity1 with @entity1149 in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, Portugal, and the Netherlands.

title: Cost-effectiveness of XXXX in the management of skeletal @entity3 in @entity1 with lung cancer in France, Germany, Portugal, the Netherlands, and the United kingdom.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['Zoledronic acid']

answer: @entity4381 :: (MESH:C088658,Chemical) :: ['zoledronic acid']


abstract: We report a case of conversion @entity912 after cervical spine arthroplasty performed in a 45-year-old @entity1 to treat cervico- @entity11438 due to a left-sided C6-C7 disc herniation. Upon awakening from the anaesthesia, she had left @entity1158 sparing the face, with normal sensory function. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain ruled out a @entity64 . MRI of the spinal cord showed artefacts from the @entity1953 -chrome prosthesis that precluded confident elimination of mechanical @entity1745 . Surgery performed on the same day to substitute a cage for the prosthesis ruled out @entity1745 , while eliminating the source of MRI artefacts. Findings were normal from follow-up MRI scans 1 and 15days later, as well as from neurophysiological testing (electromyogram and motor evoked potentials). The deficit resolved fully within the next 4days. A psychological assessment revealed @entity147 related to an ongoing divorce. The most likely diagnosis was conversion @entity912 . Surgeons should be aware that @entity13299 might develop after a procedure on the spine, although the risk of litigation requires re-operation. Familiarity with specific MRI sequences that minimise artefacts can be valuable. A preoperative psychological assessment might improve the detection of @entity1 at high risk for @entity13299 .

title: Conversion XXXX after cervical spine arthroplasty: a case report and literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1158 :: ('MESH:D006429', 'Disease') :: ['hemiplegia']

entities_list: @entity13299 :: ('MESH:D003291', 'Disease') :: ['conversion disorder']

entities_list: @entity11438 :: ('MESH:D020968', 'Disease') :: ['brachial neuralgia']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['emotional distress']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity912 :: (MESH:D010243,Disease) :: ['paralysis']


abstract: The conductance catheter (CC) allows thorough evaluation of cardiac function because it simultaneously provides measurements of pressure and volume. Calibration of the volume signal remains challenging. With different calibration techniques, in vivo left ventricular volumes (V(CC)) were measured in @entity19 (n = 52) with a Millar CC (SPR-839) and compared with MRI-derived volumes (V(MRI)). Significant correlations between V(CC) and V(MRI) [end-diastolic volume (EDV): R(2) = 0.85, P < 0.01; end-systolic volume ( @entity5778 ): R(2) = 0.88, P < 0.01] were found when injection of hypertonic saline in the pulmonary artery was used to calibrate for parallel conductance and volume conversion was done by individual cylinder calibration. However, a significant underestimation was observed [EDV = -17.3 microl (-22.7 to -11.9 microl); @entity5778 = -8.8 microl (-12.5 to -5.1 microl)]. Intravenous injection of the hypertonic saline bolus was inferior to injection into the pulmonary artery as a calibration method. Calibration with an independent measurement of @entity64 volume decreased the agreement with V(MRI). Correction for an increase in blood conductivity during the in vivo experiments improved estimation of EDV. The dual-frequency method for estimation of parallel conductance failed to produce V(CC) that correlated with V(MRI). We conclude that selection of the calibration procedure for the CC has significant implications for the accuracy and precision of volume estimation and pressure-volume loop-derived variables like myocardial contractility. Although V(CC) may be underestimated compared with MRI, optimized calibration techniques enable reliable volume estimation with the CC in @entity19 .

title: Left ventricular volume measurement in XXXX by conductance catheter: evaluation and optimization of calibration.

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Encapsulating peritoneal @entity1463 is a pathological entity mainly associated with @entity298 ( @entity298 ). The clinical syndrome is characterized by various degrees of @entity1321 due to thickening, @entity1463 and calcification of peritoneum resulting in the encapsulation and cocooning of the bowel. It is a rare but potentially devastating complication associated with a considerable morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cases of @entity2976 ( @entity2976 ), diagnosed in the Surgical Clinic of "Cantacuzino" Hospital, between 2007 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. During this interval, 432 surgical interventions related to @entity298 were performed: 306 peritoneal access interventions and 124 complications, of which 15 @entity1 with @entity2976 . RESULTS: In all but two cases, the @entity2976 diagnostic was established at the time of the surgical intervention addressed to other complication or pathology. Moreover, in 2 of the 15 @entity1 the diagnostic was established approximately 5 months after @entity298 was discontinued, and, in one of these @entity1 at the time of the extraction of the dialysis catheter. 12 of 15 @entity1 were @entity6 . Most @entity1 had a history of multiple @entity298 episodes. All the @entity1 required the passing from @entity298 to hemodialysis. There were 4 deaths (26,6%) of which one was around two months from the diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The timely diagnosis of the condition and the appropriate phase-specific treatment is of utmost importance in @entity2976 . In advanced stages, the surgical intervention performed by a well-trained team could achieve good long-term results.

title: Encapsulating Peritoneal XXXX - A rare and serious complication of @entity298 : Case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2976 :: ('MESH:D056627', 'Disease') :: ['EPS', 'encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity1463 :: (MESH:D012598,Disease) :: ['Sclerosis']


abstract: AIMS: Current smokers in the general population have a lower 2 h plasma @entity413 after an oral @entity413 tolerance test (OGTT) and a higher HbA1c than non-smokers, but the relationships between OGTT/HbA1c and smoking status have not been addressed in pregnancy. We analysed glycaemic measurements in @entity1 with @entity6 in relation to smoking status. METHODS: We performed a review of the prospectively collected database of the @entity6 . We included @entity1 with @entity6 and a singleton pregnancy who delivered between 1986 and 2006. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate @entity1 characteristics in relation to smoking status. RESULTS: A total of 2361 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria: 556 (23.5%) were active smokers, 266 (11.3%) quit during pregnancy and 1539 (65.2%) were non-smokers. Most baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Diagnostic OGTT was performed at a gestational age of [median (25th, 75(th) centiles)] 29 weeks (26, 33). @entity1 who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy had a higher 1-h plasma @entity413 than non-smokers [11.8 (11, 12.7), 11.6 (11, 12.6) and 11.5 (10.8, 12.5) mmol/l, for active smokers, those who quit during pregnancy and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001] and a lower 3-h plasma @entity413 [7.3 (5.9, 8.4), 7.6 (6.4, 8.7) and 8.0 (6.8, 9.0) mmol/l, respectively, P < 0.001]. HbA1c was higher in @entity1 who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the independent association of smoking status with HbA1c and OGTT plasma @entity413 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity6 who smoke at the beginning of pregnancy, the shape of the OGTT is consistent with accelerated @entity413 absorption, and @entity4051 c is higher than expected for glycaemic values.

title: Smoking affects the oral @entity413 tolerance test profile and the relationship between @entity413 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes and pregnancy clinic']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['HbA1c in gestational diabetes mellitus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of surgery for @entity14 is cure. Unfortunately post-operative mortality occurs. This study aims to identify co-morbidity and causes of mortality in the post-operative period in relation to direct technical complications of surgery. METHODS: All consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity14 were included. Co-morbidity was determined via the Charlson co-morbidity score. The post-operative course was studied and cause of @entity204 within 30 days was determined. @entity1 were divided in two groups: group 1 died within 30 days after surgery and group 2 survived for longer than 30 days. RESULTS: Twenty three out of 333 @entity1 (6.9%) with @entity694 and 6 out of 112 (5.3%) with @entity5 died in the post-operative period. @entity1 in group 1 were significantly older than @entity1 in group 2 (P<0.001). @entity1 in group 1 with @entity694 also significantly had more often a higher stage of @entity5 (P=0.03). The Charlson co-morbidity score for @entity1 with @entity694 in group 1 was mean 5.17 (SD 1.57, range, 1-8), and for @entity5 mean 4.83 (SD 2.32, range, 2-7). There was no difference in Charlson co-morbidity score when @entity1 from groups 1 and 2 were compared. In group 1, 13 (44%) died as a direct consequence of technical surgical complications. Sixteen @entity1 died due to complications because of pre-existing co-morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Post-operative mortality very often is the direct result of pre-existing co-morbidity and not always the direct result of the surgical procedure.

title: Thirty days post-operative mortality after surgery for XXXX : a descriptive study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine prognostic factors of disability in early @entity309 ( @entity309 ) and to investigate the radiological and functional course of the disease. METHODS: A total of 191 @entity1 with early @entity309 (diagnosed for less than one year) according to American College of Rheumatology criteria were followed prospectively for 5 years. At baseline and at endpoint, Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) scores and radiological scores (Sharp's score modified by van der Heijde) were performed. Correlations between numerous baseline data and HAQ score at endpoint were analyzed, using nonparametric tests. A multilinear regression model was performed to select independent prognostic factors of @entity717 . RESULTS: During the 5-year followup, mean HAQ decreased from 1.3 (+/- 0.7) to 0.6 (+/- 0.6). There were 98 (65.3%) @entity1 with a score > 1 point at baseline, but only 46 (27.4%) after 3 years and 34 (21.8%) after 5 years. Moreover, 90% of the @entity1 had an improvement of the disability score. @entity717 was associated with baseline values of HAQ score, Pain, Ritchie index, tender joint count, Disease Activity Score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ), and @entity2681 . Multivariate analysis selected baseline HAQ score, Ritchie index, ESR, @entity1851 , and presence of @entity2681 as independent prognostic factors of @entity717 . The probability cutoff in the logistic model was selected to minimize the sum of false positive and false negative values: negative predictive value = 92.71%, positive predictive value = 46.15%, p = 0.408. Sex, age, IgM and IgA rheumatoid factors, other tested autoantibodies, and HLA class II genes did not contribute significantly to prediction of the disability after 5 years. At baseline, mean scores were 3.6 units (+/- 7.7) for total radiological score, 1.7 (+/- 4.5) for @entity2681 score, and 1.9 (+/- 3.7) for joint space narrowing score. After 5 years, they were 17.9 +/- 22.3, 6.9 +/- 9.5, and 11.0 +/- 15.4, respectively. No @entity2681 was present at the start in 58.0% of @entity1 , compared to 24.2% and 22.4% at 3 and 5 years. Global radiographic progression concerned 87 @entity1 (55.8%) during the 5 years. CONCLUSION: During the first 5 years of @entity309 , radiological damage increased progressively in half of the @entity1 , whereas @entity717 improved in most of them during the same period of time and could be predicted by baseline values of HAQ score, Ritchie index, ESR, @entity1851 , and presence (or absence) of @entity2681 .

title: Predictive factors of 5-year health assessment questionnaire disability in early XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['HAQ disability', 'Final HAQ disability']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a recent randomized controlled trial our group has demonstrated in 102 @entity1 that late post-conditioning with @entity2614 performed in the intensive care unit after surgery involving extracorporeal circulation reduced damage to cardiomyocytes exposed to @entity63 reperfusion injury. On the first post-operative day the @entity2614 @entity1 presented with lower troponin T values when compared with those undergoing @entity1875 sedation. In order to assess possible clinical relevant long-term implications in @entity1 enrolled in this study, we performed the current retrospective analysis focusing on cardiac and non- @entity299 during the first 6 months after surgery. METHODS: All @entity1 who had successfully completed the late post-conditioning trial were included into this follow-up. Our primary and secondary endpoints were the proportion of @entity1 experiencing cardiac and non- @entity299 , respectively. Additionally, we were interested in assessing therapeutic interventions such as initiation or change of drug therapy, interventional treatment or surgery. RESULTS: Of 102 @entity1 analyzed in the primary study 94 could be included in this follow-up. In the @entity2614 group (with 41 @entity1 ) 16 (39%) experienced one or several @entity299 within 6 months after cardiac surgery, in the @entity1875 group (with 53 @entity1 ) 19 (36%, p=0.75). Four @entity1 (9%) with @entity2614 vs. 7 (13%) with @entity1875 sedation had non- @entity299 (p=0.61). While a similar percentage of @entity1 suffered from @entity299 , only 12 @entity1 in the @entity2614 group compared to 20 @entity1875 @entity1 needed a therapeutic intervention (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.04-1.43, p=0.12). A similar result was found for hospital admissions: 2 @entity1 in the @entity2614 group had to be re-admitted to the hospital compared to 8 in the @entity1875 group (OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.04-1.29, p=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2614 does not seem to provide protection with regard to the occurrence of cardiac and non- @entity299 in the 6-month period following cardiac surgery with the use of extracorporeal circulation. However, there was a clear trend towards fewer interventions (less need for treatment, fewer hospital admissions) associated with @entity2614 post-conditioning in @entity1 experiencing any event. Such results might encourage launching large multicenter post-conditioning trials with clinical outcome defined as primary endpoint.

title: Late Post-Conditioning with XXXX after Cardiac Surgery--Are Surrogate Markers Associated with Clinical Outcome?

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane', 'Sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac and/or non-cardiac events', 'cardiac events']

answer: @entity2614 :: (MESH:C009250,Chemical) :: ['Sevoflurane']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to perform a cost analysis of different strategies of long term antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous @entity298 (SBP) in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 . The study involved a cost analysis using a decision analysis model and @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 who are at risk for developing SBP. METHODS: Two different strategies of antibiotic prophylaxis were compared with a "no prophylaxis" strategy in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 using a decision analysis model. In strategy I, antibiotic prophylaxis was administered in all @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 and in strategy II, @entity1 were stratified into a low risk and a high risk group on the basis of serum @entity648 and ascitic fluid protein levels; only @entity1 in the high risk group received antibiotic prophylaxis. The cost per @entity1 treated for 1 yr was the outcome measure compared in the different strategies. Clinical input probabilities and ranges used were obtained by searching the MEDLINE database for English language articles. Cost estimates were obtained from a university hospital setting. Cost analysis was done with a societal perspective, and only direct costs were taken into account. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of variations in the key clinical probabilities and cost estimates ranging from a best case to a worst case scenario on the outcome measure. RESULTS: The estimated cost per @entity1 treated in strategy I, strategy II, and strategy III (the strategy of "no prophylaxis") were  1311,  1123, and  3509, respectively. Over a broad range of clinical and cost variables, the strategy of risk stratification and restriction of antibiotic prophylaxis to the subgroup of @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 who were at high risk for SBP (as identified by serum @entity648 >2.5 mg/dl and ascitic fluid protein <1 g/dl) was the most favored strategy. However, when the cost of prophylaxis was low or the probability of a primary episode of SBP was at the lower end of the range reported in the literature, administering antibiotic prophylaxis to all @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 was the least costly strategy. CONCLUSION: This cost analysis indicates that antibiotic prophylaxis particularly when restricted to a subgroup of @entity1 who, by simple laboratory parameters, are identified to be at high risk for SBP, is very cost-effective in the prevention of SBP in @entity1 with @entity82 and @entity843 .

title: A cost analysis of long term antibiotic prophylaxis for spontaneous @entity298 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial peritonitis']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: @entity263 is a slowly developing but very common @entity5 in males that may be amenable to preventive strategies that are not toxic. Chinese red @entity375 @entity579 (RYR), a food herb made by fermenting Monascus purpureus Went @entity375 on white @entity579 , contains a mixture of eight different monacolins that inhibit cholesterogenesis in addition to red pigments with antioxidant properties. Monacolin K is identical to lovastatin (LV), but LV unlike RYR can be used in individuals intolerant to statins due to @entity925 . Both LV and RYR inhibit de novo cholesterogenesis, which is critical to the growth of @entity5 cells. Long-term use of statin drugs has been associated with a reduced risk of @entity263 . We have previously shown that RYR inhibited @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 receptor-overexpressing @entity342 -independent @entity263 cell proliferation in vitro. This study was designed to determine whether RYR and @entity263 growth in @entity915 @entity19 . RYR significantly reduced @entity5 volumes of @entity342 -dependent and @entity342 -independent prostate xenograft @entity5 compared with animals receiving vehicle alone (P < 0.05). Inhibition by RYR was greater than that observed with LV at the dose found in RYR, showing that other compounds in RYR contributed to the antiproliferative effect. There was a significant correlation of @entity5 volume to serum @entity165 (P < 0.001). RYR decreased gene expression of @entity342 synthesizing enzymes (HSD3B2, AKR1C3, and SRD5A1) in both type of @entity5 (P < 0.05). Clinical studies of RYR for @entity263 prevention in the increasing population of @entity1 undergoing active surveillance should be considered.

title: Chinese red @entity375 XXXX @entity263 growth in @entity915 @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['LV inhibit prostate tumor', 'Prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity579 :: (4530,Species) :: ['rice']


abstract: The transplacental effects of @entity7043 on the skeleton of neonatal @entity19 has been investigated. Pregnant @entity19 were injected intramuscularly with 0.75 mg @entity7043 daily on days 11-19 of gestation. The @entity19 were allowed to deliver and pups were weighed on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 and compared to controls. Light microscopy of non-decalcified longitudinal sections of bones revealed mineral precipitates throughout the zone of @entity1184 cartilage most prominent on days 1, 3 and 5 and gradually disappearing on days 10-20. Transmission electron microscopy revealed intracellular @entity730 of maturing and @entity1184 chondrocytes in addition to abnormal @entity730 of the interstitial substance. @entity692 crystals were not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles. Scanning electron microscopy of long bones revealed a wide zone of calcified intercartilagenous matrix representing the calcified proliferating and @entity1184 zones. In this area, the calcospherites varied in size (0.5-1.4 mu in diameter) and were found in both longitudinal and transverse septa. No significant differences in the distribution and shape of cartilage matrix vesicles between experimental and control animals was observed. However, the fact that mineral crystals in experimental animals was not necessarily associated with matrix vesicles points to the possibility that this "pathological @entity730 " may utilize a different mechanism than the normal process through matrix vesicles.

title: Transplacental effects of @entity7043 on @entity730 and ossification of long bones in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic']

entities_list: @entity7043 :: ('MESH:C015087', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone acetate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxylapatite']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The authors aim to investigate the incidence and severity of @entity1468 in adolescent pregnancies (age under 17 years) and to evaluate the outcome of pregnancy and birth in this @entity1 . With this purpose we compare obstetric and neonatal results in 528 adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years with the results of a control group of mothers aged between 20 and 24 years. We used clinical observation, laboratory findings, instrumental diagnostics and scoring systems. Data were computer-processed. @entity1468 and @entity3036 was diagnosed in 17 cases (3.22%), with mild forms prevailing (2.46%). Eclampsia developed in 4 pregnant (0.76%)-an incidence differing from that cited in the literature. We are impressed by the outmost severity of @entity3036 in the adolescents, with 1 case of fatal outcome. Seven of the newborns were retarded. The most frequent indications to caesarean section were placental ablation and @entity649 . Operative delivery was performed in 41.18%. One case of foetal antenatal death and one death in the early neonatal period were observed, both in mothers with @entity3036 . The authors conclude that the incidence of @entity1468 and @entity3036 in adolescents is lower than in general obstetric population, but if @entity3036 develops, it is fulminant and in some cases is fatal for the mother or the foetus. This grave prognosis may be related to inappropriate antenatal care in this @entity1 group.

title: [Adolescent pregnancy and the development of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['foetal distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['Pre-eclampsia', 'pre-eclampsia', 'pre-eclampsia--eclampsia']

answer: @entity1468 :: (MESH:D011225,Disease) :: ['pre-eclampsia--eclampsia']


abstract: Adipocytes account for more than 90% of @entity1 breast volume and secrete adipocytokines, which play a role in @entity0 development. Among the adipocytokines is @entity1243 , which is secreted mainly by adipocytes and plays a key role in @entity0 development. @entity1243 expression is up-regulated in both @entity28 and @entity0 @entity1 , and promotes @entity0 cell growth. Exposure to environmental @entity172 has also been found to be directly related to the development of @entity0 . @entity8936 (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity that is widely used in the US beef industry due to its commercial benefits. @entity6319 is a natural compound extracted from cottonseed that inhibits @entity0 growth, and is potentially a chemopreventive food component. This study focused on Z and bio-active Z-containing sera (ZS) collected from Z-implanted beef, and evaluated their adverse health risk to @entity1 . We hypothesized that Z increases the risk of @entity0 in @entity28 @entity1 . A cell proliferation assay, ELISA analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the interaction of @entity1243 , Z and @entity6319 in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes. The results indicated that Z and ZS stimulated the growth of pre-adipocytes isolated from normal @entity1 breast tissues by up-regulating @entity4910 expression, while @entity6319 reversed this effect.

title: @entity1243 and @entity8936 up-regulate @entity4910 expression in primary cultured normal XXXX breast pre-adipocytes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity6319 :: ('MESH:D006072', 'Chemical') :: ['(-)-gossypol', 'Gossypol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A suboptimal @entity67 ( @entity67 ) interaction may have a prolonged @entity308 effect on the failing heart after functional reserves forced to their limits under stress conditions such as exercise. The continuation of excessive load in the postexercise period may be more important than the load during exercise, because the sum of postexercise periods generally exceeds exercise time itself. We sought that exercise-induced changes in postexercise @entity67 coupling and pulsatile efficiency in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity712 with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and thirty age-, sex- and peak VO2 -matched subjects with preserved EF were enrolled. Pre- and postexercise echocardiographic and tonometric measurements were taken to calculate left ventricular and arterial elastances, arterial compliance and wave reflections, and steady and pulsatile power. RESULTS: @entity67 coupling significantly deteriorated in @entity712 group (from 1  50      0  47 to 2  00      0  75  mmHg/mL, P  <  0  01), but control group maintained basal favourable coupling status after exercise (from 1  04      0  29 to 1  03      0  24  mmHg/mL, P  =  0  77). Pulsatile percentage of total power significantly increased with exercise in @entity712 group, whereas it showed a significant decrease in control group. The change in pulsatile power fraction was correlated with the change in augmentation pressure (r  =  0  41,     =  3  00, P  <  0  01) and inversely correlated with the change in total arterial compliance (r  =  -0  29,     =  -8  52, P  =  0  02). CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that exercise-induced @entity67 decoupling and @entity392 extend into postexercise phase in @entity1 with @entity299 . The exact duration of these derangements requires further studies.

title: Effects of exercise on postexercise @entity67 coupling and pulsatile efficiency in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressing']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity392 :: ('MESH:D014012', 'Disease') :: ['pulsatile inefficiency']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['VA', 'ventricular-arterial']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['systolic dysfunction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the nature, scope and effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of @entity130 . METHODS: We systematically reviewed reports published on or before 31 January 2014 that we found in the CENTRAL, CINAHL, Econlit, Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE and PsycINFO databases. We extracted data from prospective controlled trials and assessed the risk of bias. We narratively synthesized evidence. FINDINGS: Nine of the 4330 studies checked met our inclusion criteria - seven had evaluated changes to existing health-insurance programmes and two had evaluated different modes of delivering information. The only interventions found to reduce out-of-pocket expenditure significantly were those that eliminated or substantially reduced co-payments for a given @entity1 population. However, the reductions only represented marginal changes in the total expenditures of @entity1 . We found no studies that had been effective in addressing broader household economic impacts - such as catastrophic health expenditure - in the disease populations investigated. CONCLUSION: In general, interventions designed to reduce the complex household economic burden of @entity130 appear to have had little impact on household economies. We only found a few relevant studies using rigorous study designs that were conducted in defined @entity1 populations. The studies were limited in the range of interventions tested and they evaluated only a narrow range of household economic outcomes. There is a need for method development to advance the measurement of the household economic consequences of @entity130 and facilitate the development of innovative interventions to supplement the strategies based on health insurance.

title: The effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of XXXX : a systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['illness and injury', 'illness or injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['illness and injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was carried out to investigate the effects of @entity18039 (TB) on the growth performance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, intestinal morphology, energy status, disaccharidase activity, and antioxidative capacity of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 160 one-day-old Cobb broilers were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, with 4 replicated pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of a 2*2 factorial arrangements of treatments with TB supplementation (0 or 500 mg/kg) and LPS challenge (0 or 500  g/kg body weight [BW]). On days 22, 24, and 26 of the trial, broilers received an intraperitoneal administration of 500  g/kg BW LPS or saline. Dietary TB showed no effect on growth performance. However, LPS challenge decreased the average daily gain of broilers from day 22 to day 26 of the trial. Dietary TB supplementation inhibited the increase of @entity1356 (in the jejunum and ileum), @entity650 (in the duodenum and jejunum), and @entity1421 (in the duodenum) of LPS-challenged broilers. Similar inhibitory effects of TB in the activities of total @entity842 synthase (in the ileum) and inducible @entity842 synthase (in the jejunum) were also observed in birds challenged with LPS. Additionally, TB supplementation mitigated the decrease of ileal @entity855 , @entity857 and total @entity1708 and the reduction of jejunal catalase activity induced by LPS. Taken together, these results suggest that the TB supplementation was able to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and improve the energy status and anti-oxidative capacity in the small intestine of LPS-challenged broilers.

title: Effects of XXXX on Intestinal Energy Status, Antioxidative Capacity and Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in Broilers.

entities_list: @entity1708 :: ('CHEBI:61293', 'Chemical') :: ['adenine nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity18039 :: ('MESH:C005830', 'Chemical') :: ['tributyrin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate']

answer: @entity18039 :: (MESH:C005830,Chemical) :: ['Tributyrin']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The goal of thrombolytic therapy in @entity1 with acute @entity385 is early recanalization, but this may result in delayed @entity5721 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of @entity5261 in a transient @entity63 cat model by using MR perfusion imaging and histopathologic analyses. METHOD: One-hour temporary occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery of @entity468 was performed in the control @entity63 group (n = 10), and 100 mg/kg of @entity5261 was intravenously injected immediately after recanalization in the @entity5261 -treated group (n = 15). MR imaging was performed at 1, 24, and 48 hours after recanalization, and the perfusion patterns were investigated. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick and end-labeling (TUNEL) and @entity1710 - @entity1711 (H_E) stainings were performed at the corresponding sections. RESULTS: In the control @entity63 group, the number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the areas with reperfusion @entity450 (P < .05). In the @entity5261 -treated group, no significant increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells was noted in the areas of reperfusion @entity450 . The difference in the number of TUNEL-positive cells between the control @entity63 and @entity5261 -treated group in the areas of reperfusion @entity450 was significant (P < .05). The total number of TUNEL-positive cells and the area of severe @entity63 @entity528 on H_E stain were also significantly attenuated in the @entity5261 -treated @entity468 compared with the control @entity63 @entity468 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity5261 has neuroprotective effects against @entity5721 and @entity63 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX on a reperfusion model after transient cerebral ischemia: Temporal evolution on perfusion MR imaging and histopathologic findings.

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity5261 :: ('MESH:D000376', 'Chemical') :: ['agmatine']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal damage']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity5261 :: (MESH:D000376,Chemical) :: ['agmatine']


abstract: The evolution of @entity2806 was documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in 13 mongrel @entity468 with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery through a transorbital approach. The animals were imaged under anesthesia at intervals from 30 min to 10 days after production of the lesion. An MR imager operating at 0.35 T was used with multislice, multi-spin-echo technique (TR = 500-2000 msec; TE = 28, 56 msec). The animals were sacrificed after imaging for pathologic correlation. @entity1188 beyond 4 hr of age were visualized in all subjects. The earliest @entity1188 was seen at 30 min (two @entity468 ) as an area of high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In three other @entity468 , however, 3-hr-old @entity1188 were not detectable. In one animal, a @entity548 within a 1-week-old area of @entity1188 was not characterized by MR imaging but was identified on CT scanning. The mass effect of the @entity1188 appeared greatest at 2-4 days after @entity1188 . The basal ganglia showed ischemic effects to best advantage. MR imaging offers previously unavailable sensitivity for the early noninvasive detection of @entity2806 in vivo.

title: MR imaging of acute experimental ischemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct', 'infarction', 'Infarcts']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral ischemia', 'cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

answer: @entity468 :: (9685,Species) :: ['cats']


abstract: AIMS: Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have been isolated from adult and developing hearts using an anti-mouse @entity29467 antibody. However, the absence of a @entity1 @entity29467 homologue has hampered the clinical application of the CPCs. Therefore, we generated novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specifically raised against surface markers expressed by resident @entity1 CPCs. Here, we explored the suitability of one of these mAbs, mAb C19, for the identification, isolation and characterization of CPCs from fetal heart tissue and differentiating cultures of @entity1 embryonic stem cells (hESCs). METHODS _ RESULTS: Using whole-cell immunization, mAbs were raised against @entity29467 + CPCs and screened for reactivity to various CPC lines by flow cytometry. mAb C19 was found to be specific for @entity29467 + CPCs, with high cell surface binding capabilities. mAb C19 stained small stem-like cells in cardiac tissue sections. Moreover, during differentiation of hESCs towards cardiomyocytes, a transient population of cells with mAb C19 reactivity was identified and isolated using magnetic-activated cell sorting. Their cell fate was tracked and found to improve cardiomyocyte purity from hESC-derived cultures. mAb C19+ CPCs, from both hESC differentiation and fetal heart tissues, were maintained and expanded in culture, while retaining their CPC-like characteristics and their ability to further differentiate into cardiomyocytes by stimulation with @entity2533 . Finally, gene expression profiling of these mAb C19+ CPCs suggested a highly angiogenic nature, which was further validated by cell-based angiogenesis assays. CONCLUSION: mAb C19 is a new surface marker for the isolation of multipotent CPCs from both @entity1 heart tissues and differentiating hESCs.

title: mAb C19 targets a novel surface marker for the isolation of @entity1 cardiac progenitor cells from XXXX heart tissue and differentiated hESCs.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Extracorporeal blood purification systems for supportive therapy of @entity1578 are widely used. We developed a novel blood purification system, named @entity8357 's artificial liver system ( @entity8357 - @entity2655 ), which couples low-volume plasma exchange ( @entity258 ) with plasma filtration adsorption (PFA). This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of our novel system in @entity1707 with @entity879 ( @entity879 ). METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1707 were infused with @entity8688 (1.3g/kg) to induce @entity879 . All animals were equally and randomly divided into four groups: the @entity879 control group received intensive care, the PFA group underwent five hour plasma recycling filtration and adsorption purification, the @entity258 group received one hour @entity258 , and the @entity8357 - @entity2655 group underwent one hour @entity258 , followed by five hour PFA. Intervention was initiated 36hours after drug administration. The efficacy of each treatment was assessed by survival time and improvement in hematological, biochemical, and immunohistological parameters. RESULTS: @entity1707 in the Li- @entity2655 group survived longer than those in the other groups (p<0.001, @entity879 control: 60  2h; PFA group: 74  2h; @entity258 group: 75  2h; and @entity8357 - @entity2655 group: 90  3h). Liver enzyme, @entity648 , @entity6741 and blood @entity3265 levels were decreased significantly after @entity8357 - @entity2655 treatment, and increases in inflammatory cytokines were ameliorated. A higher hepatocyte regeneration index was also observed in the Li- @entity2655 group. CONCLUSION: Our novel @entity8357 - @entity2655 could expedite @entity409 and improve survival time; hence, it could be promising for treating @entity879 .

title: Efficacy of coupled low-volume plasma exchange with plasma filtration adsorption in treating XXXX with @entity879 : A randomised study.

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['ALF', 'acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

entities_list: @entity8688 :: ('CHEBI:60313', 'Chemical') :: ['D-galactosamine']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low-volume PE']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of @entity11286 ( @entity11287 ) in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were those with grade 1 to 3 radiation related @entity4272 , @entity294 and/or @entity476 . At least 4 weeks had to elapse since the completion of the radiotherapy course. @entity1 with @entity548 diathesis or @entity1066 , and patients receiving anticoagulants or chemotherapy were excluded. Stratification criteria included the type of sequelae ( @entity4272 , @entity294 , @entity476 ), the severity grade and the onset (<3 months post-RT, >3 months post-RT). @entity1 were randomized to one of the following arms: 100 mg @entity11287 3 times per day (300 mg/day), 200 mg @entity11287 3 times per day (600 mg/day), or placebo 3 times per day. If there was no improvement in symptoms after 2 months, the protocol treatment was discontinued. If the symptoms improved or resolved, the protocol treatment was continued for additional 4 months. @entity1 under treatment were evaluated monthly, than every 2 to 3 months for the next 18 months. A symptom assessment questionnaire was used to measure quality of life endpoints. RESULTS: From June 1999 to March 2001 180 @entity1 were accessioned from 34 institutions. A total of 168 were analyzable. Neither the best observed response within 3 months for the entire population, nor the response rate within sequelae category or the quality of life measures differed significantly between the 3 arms of the study. CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity11287 has not been associated with an improvement in the clinical course of radiation related morbidity of the gastrointestinal tract.

title: Phase III study of XXXX ( @entity11287 ) in treatment of gastrointestinal tract sequelae of radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity4272 :: ('MESH:D011349', 'Disease') :: ['proctitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity11286 :: ('MESH:D010426', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosanpolysulfate']

answer: @entity11286 :: (MESH:D010426,Chemical) :: ['pentosanpolysulfate']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relative incidence of second @entity189 in @entity1 who continued smoking compared with those who had ceased smoking. METHODS: This is a retrospective study based on review of the Wake Forest University-Baptist Medical Center Tumor Registry for the years 1985 through 2000. Ninety-one @entity1 who had had an index @entity135 and who developed a second independent head and neck @entity5 , were identified. These cases were grouped into synchronous (different sites within 6 months) and metachronous (different site after 6 months or same site after 3 years) second @entity5 and were examined with respect to smoking history-specifically whether smoking had continued or ceased after the diagnosis of the index @entity5 . RESULTS: Of the 91 @entity1 identified with double head and @entity135 , 88 were @entity286 users. Comprising the group of 54 @entity1 with metachronous second primaries were 51 smokers-25 who had continued and 26 who had ceased @entity286 use. Of the 26 @entity1 who had quit smoking but had developed a second primary, 13 had stopped smoking even before the index primary had been diagnosed. The remaining 13 had stopped when the index primary was treated. CONCLUSIONS: A review of 91 @entity1 with double head and neck @entity5 indicate no difference in the frequency of second @entity5 developing in a group of @entity1 who continued to smoke after diagnosis of their index @entity5 relative to @entity1 who stopped smoking. This finding suggests a critical cellular level of cumulative and persistent damage. Methods to reverse this @entity74 are hypothesized to be potentially more significant than smoking cessation efforts in preventing subsequent @entity135 .

title: Second XXXX and @entity286 usage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['neck tumors', 'head and neck tumor', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumors', 'cancers', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['primary carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic alteration']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancers']


abstract: We sought to define cellular immune mechanisms of synergy between @entity5 -antigen-targeted monoclonal antibodies and chemotherapy. Established B16 @entity320 in @entity19 was treated with cytotoxic doses of @entity786 in combination with an antibody targeting @entity22837 (aTRP1), a native @entity320 differentiation antigen. We find that Fcy receptors are required for efficacy, showing that antitumor activity of combination therapy is immune mediated. @entity5350 (-/-) @entity19 deficient in adaptive immunity are able to clear @entity5 , and thus innate immunity is sufficient for efficacy. Furthermore, previously treated wild-type @entity19 are not significantly protected against @entity5 reinduction, as compared with @entity19 inoculated with irradiated B16 alone, consistent with a primarily innate immune mechanism of action of chemo-immunotherapy. In contrast, @entity19 @entity14434 (NK) lymphocytes and nonclassical innate lymphocytes (ILC) due to deletion of the @entity2047 receptor common gamma chain @entity2047 yc(-/-)) are refractory to chemo-immunotherapy. Classical NK lymphocytes are not critical for treatment, as depletion of NK1.1    cells does not impair antitumor effect. Depletion of CD90   NK1.1    lymphocytes, however, both diminishes therapeutic benefit and decreases accumulation of macrophages within the @entity5 . @entity5 clearance during combination chemo-immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies against native antigen is mediated by the innate immune system. We highlight a novel potential role for CD90   NK1.1    ILCs in chemo-immunotherapy.

title: Requirement for innate immunity and CD90    NK1.1    lymphocytes to treat established XXXX with chemo-immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity22837 :: ('22178(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['tyrosinase-related protein 1']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity14434 :: ('MESH:C566492', 'Disease') :: ['deficient in both classical natural killer']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity694 in renal transplant recipients have historically been associated with mortality rates as high as 50 to 100 percent. However, these previous series generally predate the use of @entity205 -based immunosuppressive protocols. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 who had undergone renal transplant from our institution and who developed complicated @entity4436 . @entity532 was defined as @entity4436 involving free perforation, abscess, phlegmon, or @entity292 . Factors analyzed included the time interval since transplantation, use of @entity205 , living-related vs. cadaveric donor, cause of @entity177 , and presenting signs and symptoms. RESULTS: Between August 1969 and September 1996, 1,211 kidney transplants were performed in 1,137 @entity1 . The first 388 @entity1 (1969-1984) received @entity229 and @entity500 , with @entity205 added to the immunosuppressive regimen for the subsequent 823 recipients (1984-1996). Thirteen (1.1 percent) @entity1 had episodes of complicated @entity4436 , occurring from 25 days to 14 years after transplant; all required surgical therapy. Clinical presentation was highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic @entity516 (2 @entity1 ) to generalized @entity298 . There was one perioperative mortality (7.7 percent). @entity1 with @entity8 as the cause of @entity177 had a significantly higher rate of complicated @entity4436 . Specifically, @entity1 with @entity8 (9 percent of the total transplant population) accounted for 46 percent of the cases of @entity4436 (P < 0.001, Fisher's exact probability test). Neither treatment with @entity205 nor donor source had a significant effect on the rate of diverticular complications (P = 0.36 and P = 0.99, respectively, Fisher's exact probability test). CONCLUSION: @entity532 following renal transplantation is rare, and the clinical presentation may be atypical in the immunosuppressed transplant recipient. @entity1 with @entity8 experience a significantly higher rate of complicated @entity4436 than do other transplant @entity1 and, therefore, warrant aggressive diagnostic evaluation of even vague abdominal symptoms. In addition, pretransplant screening and prophylactic sigmoid resection in this high-risk population deserve consideration and further study.

title: XXXX following renal transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Complicated diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

entities_list: @entity516 :: ('MESH:D011027', 'Disease') :: ['pneumoperitoneum']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['Colonic perforations']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity532 :: (MESH:D003925,Disease) :: ['Complicated diverticulitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Study Design Randomized controlled trial. Objectives To determine if thoracic spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) alters thoracic kinematics, thoracic excursion, and scapular kinematics compared to a sham-SMT in @entity1 with @entity158 , and also to compare changes in @entity1 -reported outcomes between treatment groups. Background Prior studies indicate that thoracic SMT can improve @entity158 in individuals with @entity158 . However, the mechanisms underlying these benefits are not well understood. Methods @entity1 with @entity5818 (n=52) were randomly assigned to receive a single session of thoracic SMT or sham-SMT. @entity1514 and scapular kinematics during active arm elevation and overall thoracic excursion were measured before and after the intervention. @entity1 -reported outcomes measured were: @entity158 ( @entity158 rating scale [NPRS]), function (Pennsylvania Shoulder Score [Penn]), and global rating of change (GROC). Results There were no significant differences between groups in changes post-intervention for thoracic kinematics or excursion, shoulder kinematics, or @entity1 -reported outcomes (P>.05). Both groups showed an increase in scapular internal rotation during arm raising (mean of 0.9  , 95% CI [0.3  , 1.6  ], P=.003) and lowering (0.8  , 95% CI [0.0  , 1.5  ], P=.041), as well as improved NPRS (1.2 points, 95% CI [0.3, 1.8], P<.001) and Penn (9.1 points, 95% CI [6.5, 11.7], P<.001) scores. Conclusion @entity1514 spine extension and excursion did not change significantly following thoracic SMT. There were small, but likely not clinically meaningful changes in scapular internal rotation in both groups. @entity1 -reported @entity158 and function improved in both groups, however there were no significant differences in the changes between the SMT and the sham-SMT groups. Overall, @entity1 -reported outcomes improved in both groups without meaningful changes to thoracic or scapular motion. Level of Evidence Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 21 May 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5647.

title: @entity1514 Spine Manipulation in Individuals With @entity5818 Does Not Immediately Alter @entity1514 Spine Kinematics, XXXX Excursion, or Scapular Kinematics: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5818 :: ('MESH:D019534', 'Disease') :: ['shoulder impingement symptoms']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['numeric pain', 'pain and disability', 'subacromial pain syndrome', 'pain']

answer: @entity1514 :: (MESH:D013896,Disease) :: ['Thoracic']


abstract: Elevated levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been found in multiple tissues in association with @entity532 and during the microalbuminuric phase of @entity2316 . In this study, we have used an AGE-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure skin AGEs to determine whether elevated levels can be detected before the onset of @entity455 . Subjects with @entity1723 (n = 48) were graded for the degree of @entity8 (normal [23], microalbuminuria [12], or macroalbuminuria [12]) and @entity989 (none [13], background [20], or proliferative [15]). Subgroups with a premicroalbuminuric phase of albumin excretion (< or = 28 mg/24 h, n = 27) or with the earliest stages of @entity989 (n = 27) were identified. A significant increase in tissue AGEs was found as urinary albumin increased during the premicroalbuminuric phase of @entity8 even when the data were adjusted for age and duration of @entity6 (P = 0.005). Immunoreactive AGEs also increased as normal renal status advanced to microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (P = 0.0001 across groups). Significant elevation of AGEs was also found in association with the earliest stages of clinically evident @entity989 (early background versus minimal grades). In addition, higher AGE levels were found in subjects with @entity989 when compared with those with less severe @entity989 (P < 0.004 across groups). In contrast, no significant differences were found in tissue AGE levels between groups with or without early @entity989 based on @entity23032 or fluorescent AGE measurements, although fluorescent AGEs correlated with albumin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Formation of immunochemical advanced glycosylation end products precedes and correlates with early manifestations of XXXX in @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['overt microangiopathy']

entities_list: @entity23032 :: ('CHEBI:59951', 'Chemical') :: ['pentosidine']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['type I diabetes']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'proliferative retinopathy']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal and retinal disease']


abstract: @entity53 was applied ocularly to menstruating and postmenopausal @entity1 . The absorption by blood was measured. A rapid increase of both @entity53 and @entity1815 was seen with higher plasma levels in the menstruating group, possibly due to a better conjunctival circulation. Twenty-one @entity2608 were given @entity53 suspension or solution ocularly or nasally. The absorption by blood and cerebrospinal fluid was measured and compared to intravenous injection of 0.5 mg @entity53 . @entity53 increased in plasma after 1'. Maxima were reached at 15'. @entity53 solution gave higher plasma levels than @entity53 suspension. At 5' they amounted to the levels found after i.v. injection. The @entity53 levels in cerebrospinal fluid never exceeded the corresponding plasma levels and were generally low. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid was thought to be secondary to the raised plasma levels.

title: 17 beta-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid after ocular and nasal administration in XXXX and female @entity2608 ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', '17 beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: @entity526 serotype O157:H7 has been epidemiologically linked to outbreaks of @entity548 associated with fast-food restaurants and nursing homes. Sporadic cases now exceed those associated with outbreaks. The incidence of the organism in @entity1 with common @entity294 syndromes and in asymptomatic @entity1 is unknown. Routine serotyping of @entity526 isolates is impractical for most clinical microbiology laboratories. We developed a screening plate by utilizing @entity5121 fermentation as a biochemical marker to identify organisms for serotyping. A total of 2,552 stool samples were screened. In 106 (4.1%), @entity5121 -negative @entity526 were identified. Of these, two were serotype O157:H7, and both produced a Vero cell toxin. One @entity1 had @entity548 and the other a mild, febrile, self-limited @entity294 with no other bacterial pathogen identified. This plate provides an easy, effective method of screening for @entity5121 -negative @entity526 , a process facilitating the selection of organisms for serotyping and one that may help clarify this organism's role in @entity1 disease.

title: Results of a screening method used in a 12-month stool survey for XXXX O157:H7.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic colitis']

entities_list: @entity5121 :: ('MESH:D013012', 'Chemical') :: ['sorbitol']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: @entity4854 is frequent in @entity3124 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of blood @entity413 control with @entity8446 on endocrine, metabolic, and immune function in an animal model of severe injury. Seventy-two hours after alloxan injection and exogenous @entity8446 infusion combined with continuous iv parenteral nutrition, male New Zealand White @entity95 received a @entity130 and were allocated to a normoglycemic (n = 17) or @entity1602 (n = 13) group. In the normoglycemic group, blood @entity413 levels were kept between 3.3 and 6.1 mmol/liter by @entity8446 infusion, whereas in the @entity1602 group blood @entity413 levels were maintained at 13.8-16.6 mmol/liter. Blood was drawn for biochemical analysis at regular time points. At 24 and 72 h after @entity130 , immune function of monocytes was assessed in vitro. Maintenance of normoglycemia with exogenous @entity8446 after severe @entity130 to a large extent prevented @entity353 , @entity8193 , and @entity2753 . Furthermore, within 3 d after injury, the intervention improved phagocytosis of monocytes investigated in fresh cells by more than a mean 150% (P = 0.006) and after 24-h incubation with or without lipopolysaccharide by more than a mean 4-fold (P = 0.001) and 2-fold (P = 0.05), respectively. Oxidative killing after 24-h incubation was also improved by 2-fold (P = 0.05), but no effect on chemotaxis was detected. Concomitantly, @entity32 and stress-induced @entity24863 hypersecretion were suppressed. Prevention of catabolism, @entity520 , excessive @entity32 , and impaired innate immune function may explain previously documented beneficial effects of intensive @entity8446 therapy on outcome of @entity3124 .

title: Metabolic, endocrine, and immune effects of stress @entity4854 in a @entity95 model of prolonged XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity2753 :: ('MESH:D007010', 'Disease') :: ['hyponatremia']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['Stress hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'burn injury']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: Recent advances in immunology and histological techniques suggest that besides humoral also cellular mechanisms participate in the development of @entity8 . The purpose of this study was to examine whether @entity1 with @entity8 or @entity631 ( @entity631 ) show a disturbance of the immunoregulatory system in the light of peripheral T lymphocyte subset analysis. Mononuclear leukocytes were analysed with monoclonal antibodies (OKT 11, 4 and 8, OKM 1, @entity4755 ). Two categories of findings, depending on the clinical picture, were obtained in both types of @entity1310 . Of 16 @entity8 @entity1 , eight with more serious clinical symptoms had a significantly lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio (mean +/- s.d.: 1.13 +/- 0.37) than controls, p less than 0.01. This was mainly due to an increase of @entity19 positive cells. @entity1 with a mild clinical picture had a normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio. An equally low OKT4/OKT8 ratio (1.22 +/- 0.44) was observed in seven @entity631 @entity1 with @entity1985 range @entity644 . Some of the @entity1 with a high percentage of @entity19 positive cells had a high percentage of @entity4755 positive cells, too. These results suggest disturbed immunoregulation in a group of @entity1 with @entity8 or @entity631 . However, @entity3450 may have influenced results in the @entity631 group. The cause and prognostic significance of the decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratio is uncertain at the present time.

title: Immunological mechanisms in @entity631 . A short review and analysis of peripheral mononuclear cell subsets in XXXX and @entity631 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['IgA nephropathy', 'glomerular disease']

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['membranous glomerulonephritis', 'MGN']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['IgA nephropathy']


abstract: @entity4514 ( @entity4515 ), the most potent of the @entity5 promoting @entity4996 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity5 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4515 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity19 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4515 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity5 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity5 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4515 -treated @entity19 were cytostatic to @entity5 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity5 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4515 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4515 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity5 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity19 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4515 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity19 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4515 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity320 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4515 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4515 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4515 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity5 .

title: Correlation of XXXX susceptibility to @entity5 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity5 promoter @entity4514 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'infections and tumors']

entities_list: @entity4514 :: ('MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['Phorbol myristate acetate']

entities_list: @entity4996 :: ('MESH:D010703', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol diesters']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Transthoracic and extrathoracic @entity5 of the lower esophagus and @entity418 each have advantages and drawbacks; the trauma of thoracotomy must be balanced against that of blunt mediastinal extraction of the esophagus. A different surgical approach is proposed in this paper, avoiding both thoracotomy and encroachment upon thoracic mediastinal structures. This technique is based on the @entity5 and the esophageal mucosa above it as a distinct anatomic layer by blunt dissection through separate abdominal and neck incisions. This is followed by pulling upward a segment of stomach (or colon) through the esophageal muscular tunnel into the neck for a cervical @entity254 . This endoesophageal pull through (EEPT) approach has been used in the surgical treatment of a total of ten @entity1 , six with @entity420 of the @entity418 and four with @entity957 of the lower esophagus. In nine @entity1 the stomach, and in one @entity1 the left colon, was brought to the neck to reestablish gastrointestinal (GI) continuity. The operation was well tolerated. There was no excessive @entity86 , and there was no in-hospital mortality up to 30 days. The major postoperative complication was cervical @entity834 seen in four @entity1 . The EEPT technique is a palliative approach for @entity5 of the lower esophagus and @entity418 , comparing favorably with the standard extrathoracic or transthoracic transhiatal procedures.

title: Endoesophageal pull through. A technique for the treatment of XXXX of the @entity418 and lower esophagus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leakage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the tumor', 'cancers', 'approaches to cancers']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative or postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancers']


abstract: Background  -Glutamyl transpeptidase 1 ( @entity15533 ) is an N-glycosylated membrane protein that catabolizes extracellular glutathione and other   -glutamyl-containing substrates. In a variety of disease states, including @entity5 formation, the enzyme is shed from the surface of the cell and can be detected in serum. The structures of the N-glycans on @entity1 @entity15533 ( @entity15533 ) have been shown to be tissue-specific. Tumor-specific changes in the glycans have also been observed, suggesting that the N-glycans on @entity15533 would be an important biomarker for detecting @entity5 and monitoring their progression during treatment. However, the large quantities of purified protein required to fully characterize the carbohydrate content poses a significant challenge for biomarker development. Herein, we investigated a new antibody-lectin sandwich array (ALSA) platform to determine whether this microanalytical technique could be applied to the characterization of N-glycan content of @entity15533 in complex biological samples.ResultsOur data show that @entity15533 can be isolated from detergent extracted membrane proteins by binding to the ALSA platform. Probing @entity15533 with lectins enables characterization of the N-glycans. We probed @entity15533 from normal @entity1 liver tissue, normal @entity1 kidney tissue, and @entity15533 expressed in the @entity375 @entity10056 . The lectin binding patterns obtained with the ALSA platform are consistent with the @entity15533 N-glycan composition obtained from previous large-scale @entity15533 N-glycan characterizations from these sources. We also validate the implementation of the @entity16589 lectin, microvirin, in this platform and provide refined evidence for its efficacy in specifically recognizing high-mannose-type N-glycans, a class of carbohydrate modification that is distinctive of @entity15533 expressed by many @entity5 .ConclusionUsing this microanalytical approach, we provide proof-of-concept for the implementation of ALSA in conducting high-throughput studies aimed at investigating disease-related changes in the glycosylation patterns on @entity15533 with the goal of enhancing clinical diagnoses and targeted treatment regimens.

title: Detection of distinct glycosylation patterns on XXXX   -glutamyl transpeptidase 1 using antibody-lectin sandwich array (ALSA) technology.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris']

entities_list: @entity16589 :: ('1126', 'Species') :: ['Microcystis aeruginosa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have been used to study the uncrossed retinal projection in neonatal pigmented and albino @entity329 . The total number of retinal ganglion cells projecting ipsilaterally peaks at postnatal days 2-4 (P2-P4) and declines to adult values by P12. The change in cell numbers has a similar time course in albino and pigmented animals. Although the population of uncrossed cells in the temporal retina of albino hamsters is always less than that in pigmented hamsters, no difference between the colour phases was found for the population of uncrossed cells in nasal retina. Differential cell @entity204 also contributes to the adult albino decussation pattern in hamsters: The relative loss of cells from temporal retina in albinos (72%) is greater than that in pigmented animals (56%). The additional loss in albinos does not appear to depend on binocular interactions: The same proportion (30%) of uncrossed cells is "rescued" from @entity204 by neonatal monocular enucleation in both colour phases. Flat-mount preparations showing the distribution of uncrossed fibres reveal that a distinct focus of terminals emerges in rostral superior colliculus, which is topographically appropriate for a binocular mapping, at the peak of uncrossed ganglion cell numbers (P4). Comparison of uncrossed terminal distributions and ganglion cell @entity204 reveals considerable refinement of the terminals prior to the main phase of cell @entity204 . Monocular enucleations performed some time after birth have a greater effect on uncrossed terminal distributions than on cell @entity204 . These observations suggest that independent mechanisms may be involved in the regulation of terminal distributions and of cell numbers in the developing uncrossed retinal pathways.

title: Postnatal changes in the uncrossed retinal projection of pigmented and albino XXXX and the effects of monocular enucleation.

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleeping in prone position could be effective in the management of @entity27 ( @entity27 ) syndrome by reducing the gravity effect on the upper airway and hence collapsibility. Effect of @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) treatment was investigated in mild to moderate @entity27 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine mild to moderate @entity27 @entity1 (17 males, 12 females) who gave informed consent were tested with polysomnography at diagnostic and @entity1723 nights. @entity1723 device consisted of a pillow mounted on a table with a hole in the middle keeping the neck 180   extended in prone position. Mean        SD of age and AHI were 48.4        10.6 and 15.5        6.2, respectively. @entity1 did not have abdominal and/or truncalobesity, or any condition that could interfere with prone sleeping. RESULTS: AHI (mean difference: @entity1723 treatment   -   diagnostic night: -5.2/h, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.1/h to -10.3/h, p   =   0.04) and sleep oxygen saturation below 90% (mean difference: -1.80%, 95% CI: -0.22% to -3.37%, p   =   0.02) and sleep efficiency (81.0        21.2% and 88.1        7.1 %, respectively, p   =   0.02) were significantly lower in @entity1723 than diagnostic night. Response to @entity1723 treatment defined as AHI <5/h in the @entity1723 night was observed in 15 (51.7%) @entity1 , with a better rate in female than male @entity1 (9/12 vs. 6/17, respectively, p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effect of prone positioning in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity27 . Application of @entity1723 with a more comfortable design in a randomized clinical trial is required to investigate its long term effect in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity27 .

title: Effect of prone positioning in mild to moderate XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['PPP', 'pure prone positioning']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The increased incidence of @entity5 after solid organ transplantation is well established in the literature, yet outcome studies in this population are rare. Excluding @entity1489 , @entity957 make up most @entity135 in transplant recipients. METHODS: At our institution, of 5300 solid organ transplant recipients, 34 have had @entity135 develop. We reviewed the records of the 23 recipients whose @entity5 was treated here. RESULTS: Only 6 of the 23 recipients were alive at the time of our chart review. Of these, three had already survived 5 years. The 10 recipients diagnosed early (stage I or II) had significantly longer survival after @entity5 diagnosis than the 13 diagnosed at an advanced stage (stage III or IV) (96.0 mo vs 9.0 mo, p <.001). In all, 14 (60.8%) of the 23 recipients died of @entity5 within 2 years after diagnosis, 12 (50.2%) within 12 months. The sum of the daily doses of immunosuppressive drugs at @entity5 diagnosis was significantly greater for recipients who died within 2 years (p =.02). Furthermore, the difference in average doses of both @entity229 (p =.001) and @entity500 (p =.028) was also significantly greater for those who died within 2 years. The average dose of @entity205 was also greater, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p =.18). The average dose of @entity229 was significantly lower for recipients diagnosed early (p =.001). This correlation between high immunosuppressive drug doses and worse outcome has not been shown previously. CONCLUSIONS: Solid organ transplant recipients who are diagnosed with advanced @entity135 while receiving high doses of immunosuppressive drugs fare extremely poorly. High doses of immunosuppressive drugs, most notably @entity229 , correlate significantly with advanced diagnosis of @entity135 and @entity204 .

title: @entity957 of the XXXX in solid organ transplant recipients.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer', 'head and neck cancers']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancers']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['earlier death']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: @entity356 is a common @entity5 worldwide. Chromatin remodeling complexes have emerged as @entity5 suppressors and include @entity1129 ( @entity1129 ) 1A, 1B, and 2. We examined their expression and clarified their roles in @entity356 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The expression of @entity1129 was studied by immunohistochemistry in 469 @entity356 and 47 @entity652 samples and was analyzed according to clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Low expression rates of @entity70777 , and 2 in @entity356 were 20%, 10%, and 15% respectively. @entity1129 are correlated to each other. Low expression of @entity10161 was related to advanced @entity5 and vessel infiltration. Loss of @entity23422 and @entity19689 was also related to @entity5 progression, but their relationship was weaker than that of @entity10161 . CONCLUSION: @entity10161 is the strongest @entity5 suppressor in @entity356 among @entity1129 . Their aberration might be caused by shared mechanisms such as mutation and methylation.

title: Loss of @entity10161 , @entity23422 , and @entity19689 Expression During Progression of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ARIDs', 'AT-rich interaction domain-containing proteins']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinoma', 'gastric carcinogenesis', 'Gastric cancer']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical features and the histogenesis of clear cell @entity8 (CCSK). METHODS: CCSK specimens from 45 pediatric cases, including 31 male and 14 female with an age range from 3 months to 12 years (mean of 3.2 years), were retrieved. Routine pathological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods were utilized to analyze the CCSK specimens. RESULTS: 35 of the 45 cases were followed from 6 to 192 months. 15 @entity1 presented with bone metastases, 6 had lung or liver metastases, 8 recurred and 20 died. Age and clinical stage at diagnosis correlated with the rate of survival. Histologically, the classic pattern of CCSK consisted of cells with pale cytoplasm, fine nuclear chromatin and indistinct nucleoli separated by an arborizing fibrovascular stroma. Other patterns were identified, including myxoid, spindle, palisading, epithelioid, sclerosing, cellular, cystic, and angiectatic. All @entity5 contained multiple patterns. Immunohistochemically, all cases were positive for @entity2277 , but negative for EMA, CK, @entity2283 , actin, S-100, @entity3508 , @entity3778 , @entity2280 and LCA. Electron microscopy of 9 cases showed features of primitive cell conjunction and few organelles. CONCLUSION: CCSK is a common @entity703 of childhood. CCSK may arise from renal mesenchymal cells and has the propensity to metastasize to the bone with poor clinical outcome.

title: [A clinicopathological study of clear cell XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma of the kidney']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal neoplasm']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['sarcoma of the kidney']


abstract: The effect of starvation on urinary output and biochemical indices of renal function was investigated in @entity35 . Starvation resulted in a marked fall in water intake. Urinary output paradoxically increased during the first day following starvation, but fell dramatically thereafter. Urinary @entity1011 excretion and @entity1011 clearance fell markedly, but plasma @entity1011 concentration did not alter. Plasma @entity1133 concentration and urinary @entity1133 excretion fell. Plasma @entity1372 concentration increased, whilst plasma @entity972 concentration did not alter; urinary @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion fell. Plasma @entity3157 concentration fell marginally, but the anion gap increased to a greater extent. Following re-feeding, water intake and urine output increased, as did urinary @entity1011 excretion and @entity1011 clearance. Plasma @entity1133 and urinary @entity1133 concentrations, as well as @entity1372 and @entity972 excretion, increased. Plasma @entity3157 increased and the anion gap decreased. These indices improved within 2 days of re-feeding and were restored to normal in 5 days.

title: Effect of starvation on biochemical indices of renal function in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']