abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to characterize the relationship between tissue cytokine expression and the cellular infiltrate present in chronic @entity1244 with @entity1412 ( @entity13277 /NP) and to compare the immunopathology and cytokine profile of @entity1 with @entity566 versus @entity1 without @entity566 . METHODS: Nasal polyp tissue samples from 12 @entity1 with @entity13277 /NP and nasal turbinate biopsy specimens from 10 normal control @entity1 were examined for the expression of @entity3646 , @entity1199 , and @entity379 cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA) species by in situ hybridization. These data were analyzed in conjunction with data previously reported for the cytokine mRNA species @entity2841 ( @entity2841 ), @entity2772 , and @entity225 and the immunocytochemical profile of the inflammatory cell infiltrate. @entity1 with @entity566 were distinguished from those without @entity566 on the basis of @entity566 skin tests. RESULTS: Tissue @entity1712 was a prominent feature of both @entity56 and nonallergic @entity13277 /NP and correlated in both subgroups with the density of @entity2841 and @entity2772 mRNA+ cells. In comparison with normal controls, @entity1 with @entity56 @entity13277 /NP had significantly higher @entity13277 /NP had significantly higher tissue densities of @entity2841 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 (p < or = 0.025). In contrast, @entity1 with nonallergic @entity13277 /NP had significantly higher tissue densities of @entity2841 , @entity2772 , and @entity379 (p < or = 0.001). The @entity56 and nonallergic subgroups showed distinct cytokine profiles with the most distinguishing cytokines of the @entity56 subgroup being @entity3646 (p = 0.001) and @entity225 (p = 0.017) and of the nonallergic subgroup being @entity379 (p = 0.004). Furthermore, @entity1 with @entity56 @entity13277 /NP showed an increased density of CD3+ T lymphocytes compared with either controls or @entity1 with nonallergic @entity13277 /NP (p = 0.03). The density of CD3+ T lymphocytes was the only significant difference between @entity1 with @entity56 and nonallergic @entity13277 /NP. A clinical history of @entity117 sensitivity was strongly correlated with nonallergic @entity13277 /NP, as well as the nonallergic @entity13277 /NP profile of cytokines, including @entity379 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that distinct mechanisms of @entity1712 exist in @entity1 with @entity56 versus nonallergic @entity13277 /NP. The @entity56 mechanism involves production of TH2-type cytokines, including @entity2841 , @entity2772 , @entity3646 , and @entity225 , by infiltrating T lymphocytes. The nonallergic mechanism remains unknown but does involve production of @entity2841 , @entity2772 , and @entity379 . However, nonallergic @entity1712 is independent of @entity3646 and @entity225 , cytokines that contribute to tissue @entity1712 in @entity32 . Aspirin sensitivity is strongly correlated with nonallergic @entity13277 /NP and production of the nonallergic @entity13277 /NP profile of cytokines, including @entity379 .

title: Evidence for distinct cytokine expression in @entity56 versus nonallergic chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1244 :: ('MESH:D012852', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic sinusitis']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity379 :: ('3458', 'Gene') :: ['IFN-gamma', 'interferon (IFN)-gamma']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity2841 :: ('1437', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor', 'GM-CSF']

answer: @entity1244 :: (MESH:D012852,Disease) :: ['sinusitis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3676 ( @entity71410 ) and @entity14053 ( @entity14054 ) are common ingredients in household bathroom and kitchen cleaning sprays. @entity71410 + @entity14054 cause reproductive @entity137 in @entity19 . The aim of the present study was to investigate gender-specific reproductive effects from @entity71410 + @entity14054 . Female reproduction was assessed through ovulation, oocyte implantation, and estrus cycling. Male reproductive function was assessed by sperm concentration, motility, and viability. Numbers of corpora lutea were not different after 2 weeks, but decreased after 8 weeks of @entity71410 + @entity14054 exposure. Dams exposed for 5 weeks to @entity71410 + @entity14054 spent significantly less time in estrus. @entity71410 + @entity14054 exposed males exhibited declines in both sperm concentration and motility, but not sperm viability. @entity249 in @entity19 from @entity71410 + @entity14054 exposure is, therefore, mediated through reproductive disturbances in both females and males. While the effect of @entity71410 + @entity14054 exposure on @entity1 health is unclear, widespread exposure necessitates further consideration of their potential reproductive @entity137 .

title: Quaternary ammonium disinfectants cause XXXX in @entity19 by targeting both male and female reproductive processes.

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['Subfertility']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity14053 :: ('MESH:C027118', 'Chemical') :: ['didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity3676 :: ('MESH:D001548', 'Chemical') :: ['Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride']

answer: @entity249 :: (MESH:D007246,Disease) :: ['subfertility']


abstract: Recent reports suggest a role for @entity750 in the pathogenesis of primary @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . In this study, we have induced @entity4346 by oral feeding of @entity1955 at increasing dosages (150-450 micrograms/kg b.wt.) over a 5-week period. The effects of @entity1378 on @entity65 , blood and myocardial @entity750 concentrations were assessed. Water-fed @entity35 and formerly @entity1378 recovered animals served as controls. @entity1955 caused a significant @entity4346 : @entity1378 @entity35 2.19 +/- 0.16*; controls 1.65 +/- 0.13 g/kg b.wt. (mean +/- SD; *P less than 0.05). An almost complete regression of @entity4346 occurred in the recovery group (1.66 +/- 0.20 g/kg b.wt.) 3 weeks after cessation of thyroid hormone application. @entity1955 -treated animals showed a significant increase of @entity750 blood levels ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 2108 +/- 781*, recovery: 1132 +/- 726, controls: 705 +/- 480 ng/ml; *P less than 0.05). The concentrations of @entity750 in left ventricular myocardium were increased after thyroid hormone application, whereas the highest levels were found in the recovery group ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 139.1 +/- 30.4, recovery: 167.2 +/- 43.1, controls: 68.9 +/- 27.9 mg/ml homogenate). @entity750 -containing cells in the left ventricular myocardium were stained immunohistochemically. They were localized perivascularly and were assumed to represent tissue mast cells. In experimental @entity1378 the @entity750 levels in blood and heart are increased possibly indicating an interaction of both hormones in @entity1955 -induced @entity296 .

title: Influence of experimental @entity1378 on blood and myocardial @entity750 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Between 1970 and 1979, 372 @entity1 with @entity957 were treated with primary irradiation therapy, with salvage surgery for failures. The median age was 60 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The staging system used was the 1974 UICC TNM system. There were 47 T1 lesions (13%), 161 T2 lesions (43%), and 164 T3 lesions (44%). Regional nodes were not palpable in 173 (46%); 122 had N1 nodes (33%), 6 had N2 nodes (2%) and 71 had N3 nodes (19%). All @entity1 received external beam radiation which was supplemented in 68 @entity1 with a radioactive implant for disease into adjacent tongue. The overall survival for all @entity1 was 38% at 5 years and 54% when corrected for intercurrent disease. Local control was 87% for T1 lesions, 68% for T2 lesions and 50% for T3 lesions. Regional control was 96% for N0, 67% for N1 and 37% for N2-3. A detailed dose-time-volume analysis revealed that increasing volume improved local control in T1 and T2 lesions (77% had local control if the volume was greater than 80 cm2 versus 53% if the volume was less than 80 cm2, p = 0.014), except for T3 lesions. Increasing the dose in the range of 5000 to 6500 rad had no significant effect on primary control in any stage of disease. The addition of a radioactive implant did not increase local control if disease extended into the tongue (57% local control if implant, 52% if no implant). This study demonstrates the significance of adequate treatment volume in local control for @entity189 . No significant dose response was found and subsequent surgery was not compromised when a moderate dose of radiation was used.

title: XXXX : the effect of dose-time-volume factors on local control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the tonsil']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['Carcinoma of the tonsil']


abstract: A liposome-entrapped liposome form of @entity632 (Lip-ADM) has been demonstrated to cause less myocardial and gastrointestinal @entity137 than free ADM. In the present study, Lip-ADM prepared by the remote loading method was administered to 3 @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 via a reservoir with the catheter located in the proper hepatic artery. The @entity5 was @entity356 in 2 @entity1 and sigmoid @entity694 in 1. Lip-ADM was administered at doses of 10, 20 or 50 mg per time. The total ADM dose was 170, 490, and 760 mg, respectively. No severe adverse effects, such as @entity390 , @entity391 , @entity3136 , @entity1665 or @entity1370 , were observed in any of the @entity1 . Although mild @entity1431 (2,800/microliters) was observed in 1 @entity1 , @entity417 or @entity882 did not occur. The survival time was respectively 6, 15, and 17 months from the start of Lip-ADM administration. A partial response was obtained in 1 @entity1 and stable disease in 1 @entity1 . Administration of Lip-ADM via a reservoir appears to be a useful treatment for @entity1 with metastatic @entity96 , since the low @entity137 of this preparation allows an increase of the total dose of ADM.

title: Intra-arterial liposomal @entity632 for metastatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the liver']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity96 :: (MESH:D008113,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the liver']


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate retrospectively the outcome of the curative open and laparoscopic surgical approach to the @entity66 according to timed steps based on the pathologic stage. @entity1 AND MATERIAL: From 1989 83 out of 242 outpatients underwent surgery in emergency or after medical failure and at least two acute attacks requiring hospital admittance, or complicated @entity4436 . Modified Hinchey classification staged the disease. Clinic and instrumental criteria, surgical procedures, early and late complications were statistically evaluated (Students t-test and exact Fischer test, p < 0.05) in comparison with the different steps of therapeutic strategy. RESULTS: Twenty nine @entity1 were classified as Hinchey 0, 26 as I, 14 as II, 11 as III, 3 as IV. Clinical characteristics of the @entity3813 and open groups overlapped, with higher rate of earlier age in first and advanced stages in the second group. 16 @entity1 (19.3%) underwent surgery at the first attack in emergency or in delayed emergency (5 TC-guided drainages). 30 open and 53 @entity3813 procedures were done: 21 two-stage: 18 primary resections + ileostomy and 3 Hartmann; 61 single stage: 49 sigmoidectomy, 12 left colectomy. 4 conversions (7.5%), 12 early (14.5%) and 10 late (12.1%) complications were observed. DISCUSSION: Complications rate was higher in the open group including more advanced stages. Elective surgery performed following conservative therapy, 4 weeks from the first acute attack in younger @entity1 (age < 55yrs.) and after two attacks in elder (age > 55yrs.) showed a significant lower complications' incidence (p < 0.05) compared to the 8 weeks delayed operations. CONCLUSION: Surgery of @entity4436 must follow standardized criteria. The laparoscopic approach could be performed in more severe stages, provided that conditions of delayed emergency were achieved.

title: [Timing and results of the surgical treatment of the XXXX of the colon].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity4436 :: ('MESH:D004238', 'Disease') :: ['diverticulitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['diverticular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of benign, @entity5072 , and malignant @entity1478 and whether clinical data can predict histopathologic outcome. STUDY DESIGN: Five hundred nine @entity1 with @entity1478 who consecutively underwent hysteroscopic removal of @entity1478 48 months were identified from our gynecologic oncology surgical database. Medical reports provided clinical data. Statistical analysis was performed. RESULTS: Histologically, 358 @entity1127 (70.3%) were benign; 131 @entity1127 (25.7%) had simple or @entity1869 , 16 @entity1127 (3.1%) had @entity1373 with atypia, and 4 @entity1127 (0.8%) were @entity5 . @entity1127 were divided into group A and group B, according to the risk of @entity5 (group A, benign; group B, atypical @entity5072 and @entity5 ). Age, menopause status, and @entity101 were associated significantly with group B. CONCLUSION: @entity1478 rarely become malignant, but @entity5072 changes are more common. Age, menopause status, and @entity101 may increase the risk of premalignant and malignant @entity1127 . To @entity1127 and a reliable histologic analysis, operative hysteroscopy should be offered to symptomatic @entity1 or to @entity1 with risk factors.

title: Histopathologic features and risk factors for @entity5 , @entity1373 , and XXXX in @entity1478 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['polyps', 'Polyps', 'achieve complete removal of the polyp']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancerous', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity5072 :: ('MESH:D000796', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplastic']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyps over', 'endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity1869 :: ('MESH:D004714', 'Disease') :: ['complex endometrial hyperplasia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Whether newly diagnosed @entity955 (nAF) after @entity64 reflects underlying @entity299 and represents an increased risk of @entity64 , or whether it is triggered by neurogenic mechanisms remains uncertain. We investigated, whether cardiovascular risk factors and echocardiographic parameters in @entity1 with nAF are similar to @entity1 with known AF (kAF) and differ from @entity1 without AF. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity385 @entity1 were enrolled into a prospective @entity64 database. All @entity1 with echocardiography were included and univariable and multivariable testing was applied to compare clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings among @entity1 with nAF, kAF, and no AF. RESULTS: A total of 1397 @entity1 were included (male, 62.3%; median age, 71 years). AF was present in 320 (22.9%) @entity1 . Of those, nAF was present in 36.2% (116/320) and kAF in 63.8% (204/320). No clinical or echocardiographic factor was independently associated with detection of nAF compared with kAF but a trend toward larger left atrial diameters in @entity1 with kAF was observed (P=0.070). In contrast, @entity1 with nAF were more often female (P<0.001), older (P<0.001) and had a larger left atrial diameters (P<0.001) compared with @entity1 without AF. While @entity64 severity in @entity1 with nAF and kAF was similar, @entity1 without AF had less severe @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity64 @entity1 with nAF and with kAF share common cardiovascular risk factors, have similar echocardiographic findings and suffer equally severe @entity64 . We conclude that preexisting @entity299 is the major cause of AF that is first diagnosed after @entity64 .

title: Preexisting @entity299 Underlies Newly Diagnosed @entity955 After Acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'cardioembolic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: Antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment regimens ideally are selected on the basis of efficacy, safety, and cost. This review evaluates current, selected literature on antibiotic prophylaxis for colorectal surgery, presumptive antibiotic administration following penetrating @entity1661 , and treatment of @entity1320 . Single-drug regimens with the newer, broad-spectrum agents are assessed and compared with combination regimens; specific regimens are recommended. Colorectal procedures require an antimicrobial agent with activity against both aerobes and anaerobes. @entity1 undergoing elective colorectal procedures can be adequately protected with an orally administered three-dose regimen of @entity5154 / @entity2929 . Parenteral antibiotic administration is generally not necessary, but, @entity3398 is recommended for nonelective colorectal surgery. The risk of potential @entity166 following penetrating @entity1661 without @entity694 is less than with @entity694 ; however, antibiotic therapy that includes activity against aerobes and anaerobes is recommended for all types of penetrating @entity1661 . Although @entity5821 , @entity5503 , or @entity3398 alone may be used in @entity1661 without perforation of the colon, only @entity3398 is recommended as a single-drug alternative to the standard @entity3402 / @entity801 regimen in trauma with @entity694 . Single-drug therapy with @entity3398 or @entity3399 can be used successfully as alternatives to the standard regimens of @entity3402 / @entity801 or @entity868 / @entity801 in many @entity1 with @entity295 . Single-drug regimens reduce the risk of developing adverse effects and are cost-effective. However, if resistant organisms are suspected, or if the @entity1 has been hospitalized for a prolonged period or has @entity881 , it may be necessary to supplement @entity3398 therapy with an antibiotic that will enhance coverage against gram-negative aerobes.

title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis of gastrointestinal surgical procedures and treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5503 :: ('MESH:D002435', 'Chemical') :: ['cefamandole']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity2929 :: ('MESH:D004917', 'Chemical') :: ['erythromycin']

entities_list: @entity5821 :: ('MESH:D002512', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalothin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['multiple organ failure']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intraabdominal infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforation']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity3399 :: ('MESH:D009070', 'Chemical') :: ['moxalactam']

answer: @entity1320 :: (MESH:D059413,Disease) :: ['intraabdominal infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We have previously found high incidence of @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in Australia. A population-based registry was established to assess disease severity, frequency of complications and prognostic factors. METHOD: Incident cases were prospectively identified over 4 years. Early disease severity was assessed according to need for hospitalization and resective surgery and medication use. RESULTS: We report on the early outcomes (median 18 months, range 12-60 months) for 252 @entity1 comprising 146 with @entity30 ( @entity30 ), 96 with @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and 10 IBDU ( @entity29 undifferentiated). 87% of @entity30 @entity1 had @entity32 at diagnosis, and this reduced to 73% at 5 years (n=38). Immunomodulators (IM) were prescribed in 57% of @entity30 @entity1 , and 19% with @entity31 . A third of all @entity30 @entity1 were hospitalised, the majority (77%) in the first 12 months. Risk factors for hospitalisation included penetrating, perianal and @entity66 (p<0.05). 24% of @entity31 @entity1 were hospitalized, most within the first 12 months. Intestinal resection rates were 13% at 1 year in @entity30 , and 26% at 5 years. Risk factors include penetrating and stricturing disease (p<0.001), and ileal involvement (p<0.05). Colectomy rates in @entity31 were 2% and 13% at 1 and 5 years. High CRP at diagnosis was associated with colectomy. CONCLUSION: A high rate of @entity32 , frequent IM use in @entity30 and a low rate of surgery in both @entity30 and @entity31 were identified. In @entity30 , ileal involvement and complex disease behaviour are associated with a more severe disease course; while in @entity31 a high CRP predicted this outcome.

title: A Prospective Population Based Cohort of XXXX in the Biologics era - Disease Course and Predictors of Severity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ileocolonic disease']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['UC', 'Ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Inflammatory Bowel Disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the characteristics of the @entity267 in myopic @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of 420 eyes in 210 @entity1 who visited the Excimer Laser Surgery Clinic at Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University from January 1999 to June 2002 was conducted. All cases that were eligible for myopic refractive surgery were included in the present study. A preoperative ocular examination was done in a fashionable method, including manifest refraction and Orbscan Topography to evaluate corneal thickness, corneal curvature and corneal diameter Statistical analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of the @entity267 in the @entity1 . RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 31.66 +/- 7.77 years. (ranging from 16-51). The mean manifest refraction (spherical equivalent) was -4.9 +/- 2.29 diopters (ranging from -0.50 to -13.75). The mean corneal diameter (white to white) was 11.60 mm +/- 0.37 mm (ranging from 10.8-12.9). The thinnest point of the @entity267 varied from 409 to 597 microns (mean = 522.55) and located mostly in the infero-temporal quadrant of the eye (23.69% in the right and 32.05% in the left). The mean curvature of the corneal was 44.6 +/- 13.8 diopters (ranging from 39.05-47.65). The mean corneal @entity940 was 1.34 +/- 0.71 diopters and 93.96% were with the rule @entity940 . Positive angle kappa was found in 408 eyes (97%) but all cases were within a 0.5 mm horizontal and 0.3 mm vertical radius from the @entity2300 . CONCLUSION: Characteristics of the @entity267 in Thai myopic @entity1 were demonstrated in the present study. Most of the @entity267 showed with the rule @entity940 with positive angle kappa and the thinnest point, located at the infero-temporal quadrant.

title: Corneal characteristics in myopic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2300 :: ('MESH:D011681', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary axis']

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['astigmatism']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity19 , undercarboxylated @entity2450 (ucOC) improves beta-cell function and @entity2690 sensitivity through @entity1254 . In @entity1 , levels of total @entity2450 (OC) and ucOC were negatively correlated with @entity2690 resistance (IR) indices in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . Whether ucOC plays a role in @entity413 homeostasis and whether its effect is mediated through @entity1254 during pregnancy is unclear. Serum levels of total OC, ucOC, and @entity1254 were measured in 130 pregnant @entity1 with varying degrees of IR [ @entity6 ( @entity6 ), n  =  74 and non- @entity6 , n  =  56]. In all @entity1 , total OC and ucOC levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-%B, and negatively correlated with QUICKI. In contrast, @entity1254 levels were negatively correlated with HOMA-IR and positively correlated with QUICKI (P  <  0.01, both). However, neither total OC nor ucOC was associated with @entity1254 . Although none of these markers could help distinguish @entity1 with and without @entity6 , total OC and ucOC levels were significantly higher in non- @entity6 @entity1 who had 1 abnormal OGTT value than those who had all normal OGTT values. Total OC and ucOC levels were significantly correlated with @entity2690 secretion and IR indices, but not @entity1254 levels, in pregnant @entity1 . Changes in OC might be a sensitive response to increased IR during pregnancy, which was not mediated through @entity1254 .

title: Undercarboxylated XXXX is associated with @entity2690 resistance, but not @entity1254 , during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['gestational diabetes mellitus', 'diabetes', 'GDM']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2450 :: (12097(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['osteocalcin']


abstract: Characterization of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis in a cultured @entity19 Leydig cell line (TM-3) was performed. Radioimmunoassayable @entity7424 and @entity10247 concentrations in TM-3 conditioned media (CM) were below the assay detection levels. Affinity cross-linking of @entity7424 and @entity10247 to crude membranes prepared from TM-3 cells revealed both type 1 and type 2 receptors and a 31 kDa IGF binding protein (IGFBP). Immunoprecipitation of solubilized crude membranes indicated that the 31 kDa protein was membrane associated @entity10250 . Western ligand blots of CM from TM-3 cells demonstrated the presence of 24 and 28 kDa bands as major IGFBPs, and 25, 40, and 44 kDa as minor ones. The 28 kDa band could be invisible after Endoglycosidase-F treatment, suggesting that the 28 kDa IGFBP was a glycosylated form of IGFBP. The 24 kDa and 28 kDa bands were immunoprecipitated with an antibody to @entity10250 . Treatment of TM-3 cells with @entity7424 increased the levels of the 24 kDa @entity10250 , as well as 25, 28, 40, and 44 kDa IGFBPs. @entity7424 treatment also resulted in the appearance of a 29 kDa IGFBP. Neither the 25 nor 29 kDa bands were deglycosylated with Endoglycosidase-F nor immunoprecipitated by antibodies to @entity54850 . On the other hand, @entity10247 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the 24 kDa @entity10250 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Characterization of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) axis in a cultured XXXX Leydig cell line (TM-3).

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: Labeled @entity368 , @entity563 , @entity3649 , @entity4823 , @entity3953 , and @entity597 were administered to @entity35 stomachs in a vascular perfusion system. Sections of gastric fundus and antrum, and of the duodenal glands, were studied by light-microscopic autoradiography. The rate of incorporation of radioactive label in the various mucous cell types of the antrum and of the duodenal glands was measured by counting the @entity575 grains over each cell type and comparing this rate with that of the surface mucous cells of the fundus. The following major observations were made: The patterns of incorporation in the mucous cells on the surface and in the pits of the antrum did not differ essentially from those of the surface mucous cells of the fundus. On the contrary, the incorporation patterns of the surface mucous cells of the fundus differed considerably from those of the mucous cells of the antral glands and from the mucous cells of the duodenal glands. The mucous cells of the antral glands showed a lower incorporation rate of @entity1522 and of ( @entity1472 ) @entity3363 , especially of @entity3649 and @entity4823 , but a higher incorporation rate of @entity597 . The mucous cells of the duodenal glands showed a considerably higher rate of incorporation for @entity563 , but a lower rate for @entity4823 . No differences were seen for @entity368 , @entity3649 , and @entity597 . The relatively low synthetic activity of the mucous cells of antral glands correlates well with the various amounts of RER, Golgi system, and secretory granules, found in these cells, and with the histochemical staining characteristics of their mucous granules. The mucous cells of the duodenal glands are characterized by typical parallel arrays of their numerous RER cisternae and by a low number of small secretory granules.

title: Glycoprotein synthesis in the mucous cells of the vascularly perfused XXXX stomach. III. Mucous cells of the antrum and the duodenal glands.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity4823 :: ('MESH:D005944', 'Chemical') :: ['glucosamine']

entities_list: @entity3649 :: ('MESH:D005690', 'Chemical') :: ['galactose']

entities_list: @entity563 :: ('CHEBI:17822', 'Chemical') :: ['serine']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Immunohistochemistry for @entity72603 ( @entity72603 ), @entity41902 ( @entity41902 ), and cytokeratin 20 (CK 20) using commercially available antibodies was done in normal @entity235 urinary bladder and 72 @entity235 @entity150 that had been fixed in @entity406 and embedded in @entity982 . Prolonged fixation (3-28 days) did not significantly alter the immunostaining for @entity72603 . There was moderate reduction in the intensity for @entity41902 and CK 20 after 1 week of fixation. @entity72603 was detected in superficial (umbrella) cells and some intermediate cells of the normal urinary bladder, 7 of 7 transitional cell @entity1185 (TCPs), 50 of 55 @entity1606 ( @entity1606 ), and 4 of 5 metastatic @entity1606 . Staining was typically outlined in the plasma membrane, but diffuse or focal cytoplasmic staining was also observed. Intracytoplasmic lumina were usually positive for @entity72603 . One @entity957 , 4 nonepithelial @entity150 , and 285 @entity5 from different nonurinary locations were negative for @entity72603 . @entity41902 was detected in 7 of 7 TCPs, 53 of 54 @entity1606 , and 5 of 5 metastatic @entity1606 . The staining for @entity41902 was diffuse cytoplasmic. CK 20 was detected in 1 of 7 TCPs, 37 of 54 @entity1606 , and 1 of 5 metastatic @entity1606 . The staining with CK 20 was cytoplasmic and weaker than with antibodies to @entity72603 or @entity41902 . There was concurrent expression of @entity72603 , @entity41902 , and CK 20 in 36 of 54 @entity1606 . @entity72603 is a specific and sensitive marker for @entity235 transitional epithelial (urothelial) neoplasms, detecting 91% of @entity1606 . Negative results may be observed with @entity5 .

title: Immunohistochemical detection of XXXX , @entity41902 , and cytokeratin 20 in @entity235 @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['anaplastic tumors', 'nonurothelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity1185 :: ('MESH:D010212', 'Disease') :: ['papillomas']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumors', 'urinary bladder tumors']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1606 :: ('MESH:D002295', 'Disease') :: ['transitional cell carcinomas', 'TCCs']

answer: @entity72603 :: (609118(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['uroplakin III']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several investigations have shown that constant rate infusions of opioids are highly effective in the provision of @entity282 relief. However, such treatment require intravenous access, the availability of infusion pumps and adequate monitoring system. We have studied a transdermal @entity3575 formulation (F-TTS, developed by ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, USA) which should avoid these problems. METHODS: The study was performed in orthopaedic @entity1 scheduled for hip arthroplasty. 40 @entity1 were included consecutively in a double-blind parallel comparison of F-TTS (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) patches. The patches were applied 0.5 hours prior to epidural anaesthesia and changed after 24 hours. F-TTS is designed to deliver @entity3575 at the same rate of 75 micrograms/h. For 36 hours blood samples, @entity158 scores, respiratory patterns and vital signs were collected frequently. @entity1 could have supplemental @entity6882 on demand (50 mg/2 h) if the @entity158 relief was inadequate. RESULTS: @entity3575 blood concentrations increased (verum) during the 24 hours period (removal) and decreased slightly after that. At the end of the investigation (36 h) @entity3575 concentration remained significantly elevated (about 60% of 24-hours value). F-TTS provided good @entity282 relief although 11 @entity1 (of 20) required supplemental @entity6882 . @entity1 with F-TTS, however had very little @entity6882 compared to @entity1 with placebo. Two @entity1 (one of each group) had to be eliminated from the study due to severe @entity1576 or inadequate @entity6882 requirement respectively. The incidence of other side effects such as @entity390 , @entity391 and micturition difficulties were similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX therapy by transdermal @entity3575 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity6882 :: ('MESH:D008614', 'Chemical') :: ['pethidine']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory depression']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of graded unilateral vs bilateral lateral rectus resection in the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity5971 after maximal medial rectus muscle recession. METHODS: Retrospective case series of @entity1 with residual or recurrent @entity5971 . All @entity1 underwent initial eye muscle surgery for angles of 40 to 60 prism diopters (medial rectus recession of 5.5-6.5 mm; 11.0-11.5 mm from surgical limbus). If significant @entity5971 persisted or recurred, surgical results from graded lateral rectus resection were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity1 were identified for the study. Unilateral lateral rectus resection ranging from 4 to 7 mm resulted in mean esotropic corrections of 10.5 to 14.9 prism diopters. Differences in surgical response per millimeter of unilateral lateral rectus resection were not significant. Bilateral lateral rectus resection of 5, 6, and 7 mm resulted in a mean correction of 19.75, 28.75, and 33.5 prism diopters, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Graded lateral rectus resection can produce highly variable results on a case-to-case basis, but mean values trend in the expected direction. Residual deviations larger than 15 prism diopters need to be addressed with bilateral surgery.

title: Surgical management of residual or recurrent XXXX following maximal bilateral medial rectus recession.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5971 :: ('MESH:D004948', 'Disease') :: ['esotropia']

answer: @entity5971 :: (MESH:D004948,Disease) :: ['esotropia']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Unrelieved pressure or friction of the skin, particularly over bony prominences, can lead to pressure @entity1066 in up to one third of @entity1 in hospitals or community care, and one fifth of nursing home residents. Pressure @entity1066 are more likely in @entity1 with reduced mobility and poor @entity272 , such as older @entity1 or those with @entity455 . METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic overview, aiming to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments in @entity1 with pressure @entity1066 ? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to January 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview). RESULTS: At this update, searching of electronic databases retrieved 307 studies. After deduplication and removal of conference abstracts, 203 records were screened for inclusion in the overview. Appraisal of titles and abstracts led to the exclusion of 163 studies and the further review of 40 full publications. Of the 40 full articles evaluated, seven systematic reviews and two RCTs were added at this update. We performed a GRADE evaluation for 15 PICO combinations. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic overview, we categorised the efficacy for 15 interventions based on information about the effectiveness and safety of air-fluidised supports, alternating-pressure surfaces (including mattresses), debridement, dressings, electrotherapy, hyperbaric @entity26 , low-air-loss beds, low-level laser therapy, low-tech constant-low-pressure supports, nutritional supplements, seat cushions, surgery, therapeutic ultrasound, topical negative pressure, and topical @entity3174 .

title: Pressure XXXX : treatment.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin condition']

answer: @entity1066 :: (MESH:D014456,Disease) :: ['ulcers']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors reviewed the implications of prolonged, seated working postures on dental operator health and the potential development of @entity85 , or MSDs. TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED: The authors reviewed studies to assess the mechanisms associated with the development of @entity4512 and MSDs among dental operators. Some studies investigated work duration, operator positioning and the physiological effects of various static sitting postures. Others explored the relationships between @entity2472 and @entity121 , as related to the development of @entity158 and MSDs. RESULTS: This review advances the idea that the causes of @entity4512 and disorders common to dental operators are multifactorial. Physiological changes that accompany these disorders can be related to practices used by today's operators-primarily being seated for prolonged periods. Studies associated such postures with @entity101 and @entity4681 , which are factors that may lead to @entity1643 or injury. There is a relationship shown between prolonged, static (motionless) muscle contractions and @entity63 or @entity39 . Weak postural muscles of the trunk and shoulder may lead to poor operator posture. As muscles adapt by lengthening or shortening to accommodate these postures, a muscle imbalance may result, leading to structural damage and @entity158 . CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A significant number of today's dental operators experience @entity4512 and are at risk of developing serious MSDs. A thorough understanding of the underlying physiological mechanisms leading to these problems is necessary to develop and implement a comprehensive approach to minimize the risks of a work-related injury.

title: Mechanisms leading to XXXX in dentistry.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative changes within the lumbar spine and low back pain']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased disk pressures']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['muscle ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['spinal hypomobility']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle imbalances']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['prolonged muscle contraction']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['musculoskeletal disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: Rolapitant is a novel, long-acting @entity4757 ( @entity9766 antagonist. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of four different doses of rolapitant for prevention of chemotherapy-induced @entity1209 (CINV) due to highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC). METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, global study was conducted in @entity1 receiving @entity900 -based chemotherapy >= 70  mg/m(2). @entity1 received a 9, 22.5, 90, or 180  mg oral dose of rolapitant or placebo with ondansetron and @entity619 on day 1 of chemotherapy. The primary end point was complete response (CR; no emesis and no use of rescue medication) in the overall (0 to 120  h) phase of cycle 1. Other assessments were CR in delayed (24-120  h) and acute (0-24  h) phases, no emesis, no significant @entity390 , and no @entity390 . RESULTS: Four hundred fifty-four @entity1 were randomized. All doses of rolapitant improved CR with the greatest benefit observed with rolapitant 180  mg vs. active control in the overall phase (62.5 and 46.7  %, p   =   0.032) and in the acute (87.6 vs. 66.7  %, p   =   0.001) and delayed (63.6 vs. 48.9  %, p   =   0.045) phases. Rates for no emesis and no significant @entity390 were significantly (p   <   0.05) higher with rolapitant 180  mg vs. active control in the overall, acute, and delayed phases. Treatment-related adverse events were largely considered related to the chemotherapy and included @entity1142 , @entity10 , @entity1295 , and @entity1296 which were mostly mild or moderate and were similar across treatment groups. CONCLUSION: All doses of rolapitant were well tolerated and showed greater CR rates than active control. @entity17939 180  mg demonstrated significant clinical efficacy for preventing CINV in the overall, delayed, and acute phases for @entity1 receiving HEC.

title: Study of rolapitant, a novel, long-acting, @entity9766 antagonist, for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced XXXX (CINV) due to highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity17939 :: ('MESH:C578834', 'Chemical') :: ['Rolapitant']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity1209 :: (MESH:D020250,Disease) :: ['nausea and vomiting']


abstract: Primary care nurses are very likely to provide a substantial part of the routine care for @entity1 with @entity303 . In order to examine the knowledge and attitudes of the primary care nurses who undertake the Over-75 Check, towards assessing and managing @entity1 with symptoms of @entity303 , and to assess their level of support for a clinical practice guideline, a postal questionnaire survey was undertaken of primary care nurses responsible for the Over-75 Check in 209 general practices in Gloucester, Avon and Somerset. The questionnaire ascertained some demographic information about the nurses, their training and the practice routine for the Over-75 Check. It also included a case vignette describing a typical presentation of @entity303 at an Over-75 Check. A 65% response rate was achieved. Only one-fifth of respondents ever used formal validated cognitive tests as part of the Over-75 Check. In response to the vignette, nearly 10% took no action at all and a further 25% simply referred the @entity1 on. Amongst the remainder there was considerable variation regarding the tasks considered to be within their remit. The respondents strongly supported the introduction of guidelines. Given the variation in professional responsibilities between practices, it is proposed that a clinical practice guideline covering diagnosis, assessment and management of @entity303 should address the practice as a whole rather than be targeted to specific professionals. The guideline should prompt professionals carrying out an Over-75 Check to recognize symptoms of @entity303 and raise awareness of the range of tasks which need to be undertaken in confirming diagnosis, assessing needs and managing @entity1 . Results from this study suggest that improved training and increased autonomy for primary care nurses would improve access to services for these @entity1 and their carers.

title: XXXX and the Over-75 Check: the role of the primary care nurse.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: Bacterial specificity in @entity1 periodontal diseases suggests the possibility of diagnosing and treating @entity2521 as @entity281 and using microbiological diagnostic means to evaluate the efficacy of periodontal therapy. In a series of clinical trials, the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agents in combination with surgical and non-surgical conventional periodontal therapy were tested. The healing result was estimated by monitoring probing attachment levels (PAL). The usefulness of clinical and microbiological parameters to evaluate post-treatment healing result was tested. 9 of the @entity1 exhibiting sites with recurrent @entity2520 were then evaluated for clinical and microbiological parameters to define accurate means to differentiate between active and @entity2520 . The results showed that the frequency of periodontal lesions with significant @entity6730 after treatment was less in @entity1 treated with antimicrobial agent. Specific microbiological parameters showed stronger correlation than clinical parameters with gain and/or @entity6730 post-treatment. Thus @entity3841 and @entity2523 occurred in periodontal lesions with progressing disease after treatment, but were rarely detected in samples from pockets of the same depths which did not exhibit further @entity6730 over a study period of 1 year. This study points to the usefulness of topical antimicrobial agent as an adjunct to mechanical subgingival debridement in the treatment of @entity2521 in adults. The results also indicate the utility of diagnostic microbiology in the assessment of @entity2520 activity post-treatment.

title: Topical antimicrobial therapy and diagnosis of subgingival bacteria in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6730 :: ('MESH:D017622', 'Disease') :: ['loss of PAL']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal disease', 'inactive periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['specific infections']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity3841 :: ('714', 'Species') :: ['Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Bacteroides gingivalis']

answer: @entity2520 :: (MESH:D010510,Disease) :: ['inflammatory periodontal disease']


abstract: The availability of @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells isolated from @entity1 blastocysts may open novel avenues for medical treatment of otherwise incurable diseases. Yet the generation of @entity1 @entity2085 cells requires the destruction of early @entity1 embryos. This confronts us with the moral problem of whether it is justifiable to sacrifice @entity1 life in order to treat other @entity1 life. This article outlines the development of the German debate about research with @entity2085 cells and explicates the arguments that are central to that debate with respect to the aims and means of research with @entity2085 cells. With regard to the means, the isolation of @entity2085 cells from @entity1 embryos raises the question of the moral status of the @entity1 embryo. A restrictive position acknowledges the @entity1 dignity of the embryo in its very early stage of development and claims that the embryo's life must be protected accordingly. In contrast, a gradualist position acknowledges @entity1 dignity, and therefore the full level of protection, only when the embryo has reached a certain stage of development. In addition, the intentions behind the generation of @entity1 embryos, i.e. exclusively for research purposes, and the mode of generating them, i.e. by nuclear transfer technology, have strong ethical relevance in the German debate. Based on these results, the ethical reasoning underlying the draft of a Stem Cell Act recently passed by the German Parliament is outlined.

title: Principles of ethical decision making regarding XXXX cell research in Germany.

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['embryonic stem', 'ES']

answer: @entity2085 :: (MESH:D020964,Disease) :: ['embryonic stem']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate mechanisms underlying the reduced work capacity of @entity239 ( @entity239 ) @entity1 were compared to healthy controls at specified workloads, using @entity15340 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). METHODS: The forearm flexor muscle group was examined with MRS at rest, at sub maximal and at maximal controlled dynamic work as well as at maximal isometric contraction. Aerobic fitness was determined by bicycle ergonometry. RESULTS: Metabolite concentrations and muscle pH were similar for @entity1 and controls at lower workloads. At maximal dynamic and static contractions the concentration of inorganic @entity1391 was lower and at static contractions the pH decrease was smaller in @entity1 . The performed work by @entity1 was only 50% compared to controls and the @entity1 experienced more @entity158 . Maximal @entity26 uptake was lower in the @entity239 group. Expired gas-analysis in this group showed ventilatory equivalents at similar relative levels of maximal work capacity. CONCLUSION: @entity239 @entity1 seem to utilise less of the energy rich phosphorous metabolites at maximal work despite pH reduction. They seemed to be less aerobic fitted and reached the anaerobic threshold earlier than the controls.

title: Muscle metabolism in @entity239 studied by XXXX magnetic resonance spectroscopy during aerobic and anaerobic exercise.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['Fibromyalgia', 'fibromyalgia', 'FM']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity15340 :: (529,Gene) :: ['P-31']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1209 in pregnancy (NVP) and @entity7494 gravidarum (HG) have a significant impact on quality of life. Medication to relieve symptoms of NVP and HG are available but pregnant @entity1 and their caregivers have been concerned about the teratogenic effect, side effects and poor efficacy. The aim of this review was to investigate if there is any clinical evidence for the efficacy of acustimulation in the treatment of NVP or HG. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), including both English and Chinese databases was conducted to assess the efficacy of various techniques of acustimulation for NVP and HG. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Cochrane's risks of bias tool. Revised STRICTA (2010) criteria were used to appraise acustimulation procedures. Pooled relative risks (RRp) and @entity5494 ( @entity5494 ) with 95  % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the data provided by the investigators of the original trials. RESULTS: Twenty-nine trials including 3519 @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty trials could be included in statistical pooling. The overall effect of different acustimulation techniques shows a significant reduction for the combined outcome for NVP or HG in pregnancy as a dichotomous variable ( @entity19107 .73, 95  % CI 1.43 to 2.08). Studies with continuous outcome measures for @entity390 , @entity391 and the combined outcome did not show any evidence for relieving symptoms of NVP and HG ( @entity5494 -0.12, 95  % CI -0.35 to 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: Although there is some evidence for an effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and @entity391 or @entity7494 in pregnancy, results are not conclusive. Future clinical trials with a rigorous design and large sample sizes should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these interventions for NVP and HG.

title: Effect of acustimulation on @entity390 and XXXX and on @entity7494 in pregnancy: a systematic review of Western and Chinese literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5494 :: ('MESH:D010262', 'Disease') :: ['SMD', 'standard mean deviations']

entities_list: @entity7494 :: ('MESH:D006939', 'Disease') :: ['hyperemesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1209 :: ('MESH:D020250', 'Disease') :: ['Nausea and vomiting']

answer: @entity391 :: (MESH:D014839,Disease) :: ['vomiting']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity204 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity4767 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity1 with @entity5825 or @entity5826 with CNS @entity281 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity281 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity1 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity1 and @entity1 with EV71 @entity281 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity1 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity1 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity551 and died. The other 16 @entity1 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity1 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity6949 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity1 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity5422 have varying degrees of non- @entity63 @entity299 , manifesting as leakage of @entity6949 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity5422 likely to die with an early @entity296 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity6949 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity281 quickly leads to @entity204 due to severe @entity75 associated with @entity296 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early @entity296 with XXXX after fatal enterovirus-71 @entity281 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['fatal EV71 central nervous system (CNS) infection']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial involvement', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity5825 :: ('MESH:D006232', 'Disease') :: ['hand foot mouth disease']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac injury']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity5826 :: ('MESH:D006557', 'Disease') :: ['herpangina']

answer: @entity5422 :: (MESH:D008590,Disease) :: ['meningoencephalitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors used a large community sample of @entity888 (MA) users to verify the patterns and severity of @entity7291 and establish a hierarchy of caries susceptibility by tooth type and tooth surface. METHODS: Using a stratified sampling approach, 571 MA users received comprehensive oral examinations and psychosocial assessments. Three calibrated dentists characterized @entity2520 by using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey protocols. The authors also collected data on substance use history and other attributes linked to @entity7291 . RESULTS: On all dental outcome measures, MA users evidenced high @entity2520 , with older (>=  30 years) and moderate or heavy MA users disproportionately affected. @entity1 had higher rates of @entity2524 and caries, as well as a greater prevalence of anterior caries. Current cigarette smokers were more likely to manifest 5 or more anterior surfaces with untreated caries and 3 or more teeth with root caries. Nearly 3% were edentulous, and a significant percentage (40%) indicated embarrassment with their dental appearance. CONCLUSIONS: MA users have high rates of @entity2520 and manifest a dose-response relationship, with greater levels of MA use associated with higher rates of @entity7291 . @entity1 and current cigarette smokers are affected disproportionately. The intraoral patterns and hierarchy of caries susceptibility in MA users are distinctive. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The prevalence and patterns of @entity2520 could be used to alert dentists to possible covert MA use and to plan treatment. Concerns about dental appearance have potential as triggers for behavioral interventions.

title: XXXX patterns in @entity888 users: Findings in a large urban sample.

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['dental and periodontal disease']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity2524 :: ('MESH:D016388', 'Disease') :: ['tooth loss']

entities_list: @entity7291 :: ('MESH:D009057', 'Disease') :: ['dental disease']

answer: @entity7291 :: (MESH:D009057,Disease) :: ['Dental disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The intrahippocampal @entity4176 @entity19 model of mesial @entity1315 is increasingly being used for studies on epileptogenesis and antiepileptogenesis. Almost all previous studies used male @entity19 for this purpose, and no study is available in this or other models of acquired @entity302 that directly compared epileptogenesis in female and male rodents. Epidemiological studies suggest that gender may affect susceptibility to @entity302 and its prognosis; therefore, one goal of this study was to investigate whether sex has an influence on latent period and epileptogenesis in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 model in @entity19 . Another aspect that was examined in the present study was whether @entity19 differences in epileptogenesis exist. Finally, we examined the effects of different types of anesthesia ( @entity22292 , @entity5161 ) on @entity4176 -induced @entity159 ( @entity159 ) and epileptogenesis. Continuous (24/7) video-EEG monitoring was used during @entity159 and the 2weeks following @entity159 as well as 4-6weeks after @entity159 . In male NMRI @entity19 with @entity22292 anesthesia during @entity4176 injection, @entity159 was followed by a @entity410 -free latent period of 10-14days if @entity131 ( @entity131 ) recorded from the @entity4176 focus were considered the onset of @entity302 . Anesthesia with @entity5161 led to a more rapid onset and higher severity of @entity159 , and not all male NMRI @entity19 exhibited a @entity410 -free latent period. Female NMRI @entity19 differed from male animals in the lack of any clear latent period, independently of anesthesia type. Furthermore, @entity131 were only rarely observed. These problems were not resolved by decreasing the dose of @entity4176 or using other strains (C57BL/6, FVB/N) of female @entity19 . The present data are the first to demonstrate marked sex-related differences in the latent period following @entity1545 in a rodent model of acquired @entity302 . Furthermore, our data demonstrate that the choice of anesthestic agent during @entity4176 administration affects @entity159 severity and as a consequence, the latent period, which may explain some of the differences reported for this model in the literature.

title: Significant effects of sex, strain, and anesthesia in the intrahippocampal @entity4176 @entity19 model of mesial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal paroxysmal discharges', 'HPDs']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'mouse strain']

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity5161 :: ('MESH:D007530', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflurane']

entities_list: @entity22292 :: ('MESH:D002697', 'Chemical') :: ['chloral hydrate']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus', 'SE']

answer: @entity1315 :: (MESH:D004833,Disease) :: ['temporal lobe epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity10067 ( @entity10067 ) covers a spectrum of conditions in which the neuropathologic and electroclinic presentations and the surgical outcomes vary. The aim of this study was to identify the MR features of histologic subtypes of @entity10067 that would be useful for differential diagnosis. METHODS: We reviewed the MR data of 49 @entity1 treated surgically for intractable @entity302 , who received a histologic diagnosis of @entity10067 not associated with other @entity75 except @entity131 and who were classified by histologic criteria as having @entity1141 (28 @entity1 ), @entity1141 (six @entity1 ), or @entity10067 (15 @entity1 ). RESULTS: From the MR features, it was generally possible to distinguish @entity10067 from architectural or @entity1141 (non- @entity10067 ). Findings suggesting @entity10067 were focal cortical thickening, blurring of the gray-white matter junction, and hyperintensity (on T2-weighted images) of subcortical white matter often tapering toward the ventricle. Focal @entity75 with shrinkage and moderate signal intensity alterations in the white matter core were present in most @entity1 with @entity1141 . The lesion was generally extratemporal in @entity10067 and temporal in @entity1141 . Ipsilateral @entity131 was often present in @entity1141 ( @entity854 ). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity10067 , @entity10067 and non- @entity10067 can usually be distinguished with MR imaging, although some overlap exists. A provisional MR diagnosis is important for presurgical investigations and surgical planning and may have prognostic implications.

title: Focal cortical dysplasias: MR imaging, histopathologic, and clinical correlations in surgically treated @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain abnormalities', 'brain hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['dual abnormality']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ["Taylor's FCD", 'FCD', 'Focal cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['architectural dysplasia', 'cytoarchitectural dysplasia', 'cytoarchitectural dysplasias']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The @entity238 middle midgut cells derived from the endoderm develop into four distinct types of cell. Of these cells, @entity920 cells have invaginated microvillar membranes on their apical surface, and they are involved in two distinct functions, i.e., @entity920 absorption and acid secretion. The homeobox gene @entity72975 proventriculus (dve) is expressed in the midgut, and two transcripts, type A (   4.9kb) and type B (   3.5kb), have been identified. We isolated the deletion allele dve(E181) that completely removes the first exon for type-A (dve-A) transcript. Dve expression pattern in dve-A mutant background indicates that isoform switching is dynamically regulated in a cell-type specific manner. Using RNAi for dve-A, we examined spatial and temporal requirement of the Dve-A activity. Early Dve-A activity is required to repress isoform switching in @entity920 cells, and for establishment of two gut functions. Late Dve-A activity in @entity920 cells, but not in adjacent interstitial cells, is required for acid secretion, while the activity is redundantly required in both cells for the @entity920 absorptive function. Furthermore, ectopic type-B expression in larval @entity920 cells specifically impaired the @entity920 absorptive function. These results provide insight into molecular mechanisms to establish functional specificity.

title: Spatial and temporal requirement of XXXX proventriculus activity during @entity238 midgut development.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity72975 :: (248315,Gene) :: ['defective']


abstract: CLINICAL PROBLEM: We diagnosed 8 @entity1 with late-stage @entity340 ( @entity340 ) between 1 and 14 years of age. Five @entity1 complained of symptoms related to @entity409 . The other 3 @entity1 required urethrocystoscopy for other reasons ( @entity2650 fistulae, difficulty with catheterisation and high-grade @entity3025 [ @entity3025 ]). A second review of the first 2 @entity1 ' medical history showed @entity66 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative ultrasonography: 3 @entity1 had normal results and 5 had @entity8 . The diagnosis was reached through voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), and 4 @entity1 underwent urodynamic studies. The diagnosis was confirmed by urethrocystoscopy, performing valve electrofulguration. We performed urethrocystoscopy during the check-ups at 3-6 weeks and observed no @entity850 . The symptoms disappeared for all @entity1 after 20 months of follow-up. The @entity1 with @entity3025 was cured. The ultrasounds showed no progression of the renal involvement and showed improvement in the vesical involvement. The velocimetries during check-ups presented curves within normal ranges. DISCUSSION: Most @entity1 with @entity340 are diagnosed through ultrasound during the neonatal period. Some @entity1 present @entity340 at later ages with diverse symptoms, which impedes its diagnosis. We should suspect @entity340 in male @entity1 with symptoms of @entity409 , either when they have normal or pathological results from ultrasounds or VCUG. We recommend performing urethrocystoscopy to rule out @entity11044 .

title: Late diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal or vesical disorders']

entities_list: @entity2650 :: ('MESH:D007021', 'Disease') :: ['hypospadias']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction symptoms']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3025 :: ('MESH:D014718', 'Disease') :: ['vesicoureteral reflux', 'VUR']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['posterior urethral valves', 'PUV']

entities_list: @entity11044 :: ('MESH:D014524', 'Disease') :: ['urethral obstruction']

answer: @entity340 :: (MESH:D006349,Disease) :: ['posterior urethral valves']


abstract: alpha-Adrenergic blockers are potential alternative antihypertensive agents for @entity6 @entity1 . Data on their relative efficacy and their effect on kidney function and @entity633 are very limited however. 76 @entity1 with @entity2175 , @entity101 (>/=140/90 mm Hg) and @entity633 (>/=30 mg/24 h) were randomized into three groups to receive @entity21261 (2.5-10 mg), @entity16427 (2-8 mg) or both. @entity1 of the first and second groups received a single agent for 4 months, the agents were then crossed for an additional period of 4 months followed by the addition of @entity918 (25 mg) for a third 4-month period. Blood pressure was monitored monthly, @entity1011 clearance and HbA1c were measured before and at the end of each treatment period. @entity1 of the third group received reduced doses of @entity21261 and @entity16427 for 4 months. @entity918 was then added for the subsequent 4 months. There was a significant decline in blood pressure values during the first period in all groups. @entity21261 : systolic blood pressure (SBP) 160 +/- 6 to 149 +/- 5 mm Hg; diastolic blood pressure (DBP): 101 +/- 3 to 94 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 declined from 350 +/- 105 to 205 +/- 96 mg/24 h (p = 0.001), @entity1011 clearance (CrCl) was unchanged. @entity16427 : SBP: 160 +/- 7 to 151 +/- 6 mm Hg; DBP: 97 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 4 mm Hg (p = 0.001). @entity633 373 +/- 121 to 322 +/- 107 mg/24 h (p = 0.065) and CrCl 87 +/- 7 to 91 +/- 6 ml/min. The combination of both agents at half doses was equipotent or superior to either drug alone. Cross-over of @entity21261 and @entity16427 reproduced the @entity551 effect and reversed the antialbuminuric effect. The addition of @entity918 resulted in a further decline of 6-14 mm Hg in SBP and 3-11 mm Hg in @entity11592 .

title: Effect of an alpha-adrenergic blocker, and ACE inhibitor and @entity918 on blood pressure and on renal function in type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with @entity101 and XXXX . A randomized cross-over study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes type 2']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity918 :: ('MESH:D006852', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydrochlorothiazide', 'hydrochlorothiazide']

entities_list: @entity21261 :: ('MESH:D017315', 'Chemical') :: ['Cilazapril', 'cilazapril']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity16427 :: ('MESH:D017292', 'Chemical') :: ['Doxazosin', 'doxazosin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: PURPOSE: We noted the combination of obstructed defecation or @entity1142 and @entity1241 , the poor results of abdominal rectopexy for @entity1142 , and the well-known risk of postoperative induction of @entity1142 after rectopexy. We developed a new operation to treat @entity1 with @entity1142 or @entity1241 (with a concomitant rectocele, internal rectal intussusception, enterocele at dynamic defecography, or all three) or both. This new rectopexy technique avoided dorsolateral mobilization of the rectum and did not endanger the hypogastric nerves and pelvic autonomic nerves. A better effect on @entity1142 compared with rectopexies with dorsolateral mobilization was expected. METHODS: The results of this new operation, which was called rectovaginopexy, were studied prospectively in a series of 27 @entity1 . Four-year results were obtained. Preoperative and postoperative questionnaires, dynamic defecograms, and anorectal physiology studies were analyzed. RESULTS: Before the operation 17 @entity1 were constipated, compared with 4 @entity1 one year after rectovaginopexy (76 percent improvement; P = 0.0015) and 5 @entity1 four years after rectovaginopexy (71 percent improvement: P = 0.005), respectively. At one year, @entity1241 decreased significantly: 15 of 17 @entity1 improved and 9 @entity1 became fully continent (P = 0.0007). Four years after rectovaginopexy the effect on @entity1241 was no longer significant (P = 0.09). Rectovaginopexy restored anatomy: all (9) enteroceles, all but 1 (17) internal rectal intussusception, and 12 of 20 rectoceles dissolved, and the majority were reduced in size. Rectal sensation for distention was unchanged, and rectal electrosensitivity improved (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Rectovaginopexy provides significant one-year improvement of both @entity1142 and @entity1241 . The positive effect on @entity1142 did not deteriorate with time, in contrast to the effect on @entity1241 .

title: Abdominal rectovaginopexy: modified technique to treat XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['fecal incontinence']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1142 :: (MESH:D003248,Disease) :: ['constipation']


abstract: The diagnostic significance of @entity876 and @entity588 proteins in @entity1149 was examined, and the relationship between these proteins expression and other disease parameters, including stage of the disease and @entity5 differentiation, were studied. We analyzed @entity876 and @entity588 proteins expression in 60 imprint smears of freshly resected @entity2 (37 squamous and 23 @entity420 ) using the immunocytochemical technique. There were seven @entity1 with stage I disease, 24 with stage II, 23 with stage IIIa, and six with @entity5 , according to the International Staging System classification. Sixteen of the @entity5 were @entity588 positive and 25 were @entity876 positive. Twenty @entity5 were negative for both @entity588 and @entity876 (33.3%). Statistical analysis showed no association between the incidence of @entity876 or @entity588 positivity. @entity420 or @entity957 analysis showed significant associations between @entity876 positivity and poor differentiation and advanced disease stage as well as @entity588 and @entity66 stage and well-differentiated @entity5 . There was also an association between the stage of the disease and the degree of differentiation of the @entity5 . In conclusion, @entity588 positivity must be considered a good prognostic sign. On the other hand, @entity876 positivity seems to indicate, even in @entity5 at a relatively early stage, that a serious aggressive @entity5 which will not be easily eradicated is present.

title: @entity876 and XXXX protein expression in @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['early disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage IIIb disease', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['epithelial non-small-cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'Adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity588 :: (596,Gene) :: ['bcl-2']


abstract: 1. In standing @entity1 , toe-up rotation of a platform induces a short-latency (SLR) and a medium-latency response (MLR) in both soleus (Sol) and flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscles. Toe-down rotation evokes a MLR in the tibialis anterior (TA). The SLR is the counterpart of the monosynaptic stretch reflex, but the origin of the MLR is still debated. By means of @entity21819 (an alpha 2-adrenergic receptor agonist) we tested the hypothesis that the MLR is relayed by group II afferent fibres, since animal data indicate that @entity21819 or stimulation of monoaminergic brainstem centres decrease the excitability of spinal interneurones supplied by those fibres. In addition, we compared the effect of the drug on these responses with that induced by stabilization of posture. 2. Eight subjects received @entity21819 (150 micrograms kg-1 orally) or placebo, in a single-blind design. @entity717 were delivered prior to administration and for 3 h afterwards. Both TA- and FDB-MLRs decreased in size, starting from about 1 h after @entity21819 administration. Sol-SLR was unaffected. Response latencies were unchanged. Placebo induced no changes in any response. In each subject, the extent of TA-MLR @entity308 induced by holding onto a frame and by @entity21819 was superimposable. 3. The selective effect of @entity21819 on MLR supports the notion that it is relayed through group II afferent fibres. The similar effects of holding and @entity21819 on the response suggests that it is modulated by monoaminergic centres.

title: Selective @entity308 of medium-latency leg and foot muscle responses to stretch by an alpha 2-agonist in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Platform rotations']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity21819 :: ('MESH:C023754', 'Chemical') :: ['tizanidine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small @entity63 -reperfusion (I/R) injury, a clinically important condition, induces severe organ damage. Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) produces tolerance to long-term I/R by inducing a short-term I/R. Herein, we have examined the reduction in the extent of injury by IPC. METHODS: Small intestinal I/R injury was induced in @entity35 by clamping the @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for various 30 minutes. The IPC + I/R group underwent a short-term I/R (IPC) prior to long-term I/R. Nuclear factor-kB ( @entity4026 ) activity was analyzed by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and cytokine mRNA levels, by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Apoptosis-related genes were analyzed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, and apoptotic cells, by TUNEL staining. RESULTS: The animals were subjected to 30 minutes of @entity63 followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. @entity4026 activity increased in the I/R group and decreased in the IPC + I/R group. The IPC + I/R group showed decreased cytokine in mRNA levels. Expression of the proapoptotic gene @entity4124 was increased in the I/R and decreased in the IPC + I/R group. Expression of the antiapoptotic gene @entity5613 was increased in the IPC + I/R group. The number of apoptotic cells was increased in the I/R and decreased in the IPC + I/R group. CONCLUSION: Small intestinal I/R injury was reduced by IPC produced by clamping the @entity6029 ; thus, IPC may have potential clinical applications in the future.

title: Role of transcription factors in small intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and tolerance induced by XXXX preconditioning.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemic']


abstract: The increased incidence of @entity259 in @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) @entity1 is well recognised. These @entity259 display distinctive clinicopathological features and generally show good prognostic outcome. Recently, @entity5 that share the morphological features of @entity1412 have also been described. In this report, we document a case of a @entity5 in a previously well, 46-year-old female. Histology revealed a circumscribed @entity5 composed of tubular, papillary, cribriform and solid areas. The @entity5 cells showed occasional nuclear grooves and rare nuclear inclusions. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining with antibodies to cytokeratin AE1/AE3, @entity2931 and @entity1420 receptor proteins. Focal immunoreactivity was also noted with antibodies to thyroglobulin, epithelial membrane antigen, 34betaE12 and cytokeratin @entity5822 . The absence of @entity1127 on colonoscopy and germline mutation in the @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) gene provides evidence that this @entity5 represents the sporadic counterpart of @entity1412 -associated @entity259 . The @entity1 is well with no evidence of disease 7 months following resection of the @entity5 . The differential diagnoses and molecular genetics of this @entity5 are discussed.

title: Cribriform-morular variant of papillary carcinoma: the sporadic counterpart of XXXX . A case report with clinical and molecular genetic correlation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid tumour', 'pseudostratified columnar tumour', 'unusual tumour', 'unusual sporadic tumours', 'neoplasm', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'adenomatous polyposis coli', 'APC', 'FAP-associated thyroid carcinomas', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinomas', 'thyroid carcinoma', 'thyroid neoplasms']

answer: @entity1412 :: (MESH:D011125,Disease) :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis-associated thyroid carcinoma']


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to study exercise-related cardiac arrests on the tennis court and investigate the impact of early initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation on survival rate and outcome. METHODS: This study was based on the @entity1167 registry of the Department of Emergency Medicine at the General Hospital Vienna in Austria. Between February 1993 and April 2010 non-professional athletes were identified, who experienced exercise-related @entity1167 on the tennis court. The analysis was accomplished using descriptive statistics. Results are presented as mean  standard-deviation or median and interquartile range (IQR). RESULTS: The subjects (n=27) were predominantly male (96%) with a median age of 58 years; 52% of all @entity1 had underlying cardiovascular risk factors. All cardiac arrests were witnessed. Bystander CPR was documented in 17 cases (63%). Median time from collapse to initiation of CPR was 1(IQR 0-2) minute. @entity2224 was the initial rhythm in 25 @entity1 (93%) and in 3 an automated external defibrillator was used by bystanders. Twenty-four @entity1 (89%) had return of spontaneous circulation before admission to the hospital and four (15%) followed verbal commands thereafter. The survival rate at 6 months was 82% with 20 @entity1 (74%) having favourable neurologic outcome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1167 on the tennis court is a predominantly witnessed event with a respectively high rate of bystander CPR, which reflects in a high successful survival rate.

title: Exercise related XXXX in amateur athletes on the tennis court.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: Numerous investigators endeavored to make clear pathophysiological changes in a traumatic spinal cord lesion. The development of neuroscience contributed to have an influence on methods of these researches. This study was undertaken to assess electrophysiological changes resulting from variable periods of experimental @entity1745 or @entity63 by using the evoked spinal cord potentials. Experiments were performed on @entity235 . Following laminectomies at Th7-9 and L3-4 levels under anesthesia, @entity1566 were produced at the lower thoracic level by inflation of an extradurally placed balloon which produced slow graded compression of cord dorsum. Evoked spinal cord potentials to sciatic nerve stimulation were recorded from bipolar electrodes in the midline dorsal subdural space at the operative sites. The normal wave forms of two responses consisted of initially positive triphasic potentials (P1, N1, P2). The conduction velocity of the ascending afferent from the leg was found on the average to be 54.8 +/- 9.7 m/sec between lumbar and dorsal cord. On the basis of the conduction velocities and the responses to stimulus intensities, the afferent volley recorded in the present experiments might reflect synaptic cord afferent pathways originated without Group I fibers in the cord dorsum which were situated ipsilateral to the stimulated nerve. After inflation of the balloon with 0.1 cc of water, spinal canal narrowing rate increased to 14.3 +/- 2.9%. The evoked spinal cord potentials in the lead rostral to the site of compression began to decrease in amplitude. When more water was added into the balloon up to 0.4 - 0.6 cc, spinal canal narrowing rate was enhanced to 42.5 - 77.7% in which potentials were abolished. P2 wave was the first to be abolished and subsequently N1, P1 disappeared in order. On the other hand, the potentials reappeared after decompression in the reverse of their disappearance in order. Responses in @entity235 with complete recovery from @entity451 returned to the precompression wave pattern both in the amplitude and in latency. On the contrary, in @entity235 with @entity3500 , the recovery of wave form was shown as P1, N1 or P1, N1 with depressed P2. Despite this variability, the evoked response from animals with reversible @entity1566 were discernible in the early period of spinal shock phase. The degree of recovery varied and had no linear relationship to the recovery grade of clinical symptoms. The experimental cord @entity63 was made by inflation of a balloon catheter which was inserted from femoral artery into the upper thoracic aorta. The evoked spinal cord potentials were recorded at the midthoracic and lumbar level. Changes of wave form resulting from the ischemic period of 30 minutes were first the amplitude loss of N1 and subsequently that of P2, P1. On the other hand, the responses gradually returned to their pre-ischemic characteristic about 30 minutes after circulatory reestablishment...

title: [Clinical application of the evoked spinal cord potentials. Part 1. Neurophysiological assessment of the evoked spinal cord potentials in experimental cord trauma - with reference to XXXX and @entity63 (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3500 :: ('MESH:D020336', 'Disease') :: ['spastic paraparesis']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['cord injuries', 'cord injury']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

answer: @entity1745 :: (MESH:D013117,Disease) :: ['cord compression']


abstract: Ghrelin modulates somatotroph, lactotroph, corticotroph, and insulin secretion and @entity413 metabolism. To clarify the influence of gender and age on the endocrine actions of ghrelin in @entity1 , we studied the effects of ghrelin (1.0 micro g/kg iv) or placebo on GH, prolactin (PRL), ACTH, @entity701 , insulin, glucagon, and @entity413 levels in 18 young subjects (YS) and 16 elderly subjects (ES) of both genders. The GH response to @entity7704 (1.0 micro g/kg iv) was also studied. The GH response to ghrelin in YS was higher (P < 0.01) than in ES and both higher (P < 0.01) than to @entity7704 , without gender-related differences. In YS ghrelin also induced: 1) gender-independent increase (P < 0.01) in PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 levels; 2) gender-independent increase in @entity413 levels (P < 0.01); 3) decrease (P < 0.01) in insulin levels in male YS; and 4) no change in glucagon. In ES, ghrelin induced gender-independent PRL, ACTH, and @entity701 responses (P < 0.01). In ES ghrelin elicited gender-independent transient decrease in insulin (P < 0.01) coupled with increase in @entity413 levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the GH-releasing effect of ghrelin is independent of gender but undergoes age-related decrease. The effect of ghrelin on lactotroph and corticotroph secretion is age and gender independent. In both ES and YS, ghrelin influences insulin secretion and @entity413 metabolism.

title: The endocrine response to ghrelin as a function of gender in XXXX in young and elderly subjects.

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: Of 175 @entity1 treated surgically for potentially lethal or refractory @entity299 , 53 underwent mapping and definitive operation using cryoablative techniques as the primary or adjunctive method. Included were 16 @entity1 with @entity4710 caused by accessory pathways ( @entity5509 ) in the right anterior or posterior paraseptal location. Cryoablation was successful in abolishing @entity591 in 93.7% (15 of 16). Six @entity1 (100%) with permanent junctional reciprocating @entity591 were cured by cryoablation. Eighteen of 19 @entity1 with @entity8630 were treated by cryoablation alone or in combination with excision of the @entity955 , with success in 15 (83.3%). Five of these were left atrial foci cured by cryoablation. Fourteen right atrial foci were treated by excision of the appendage only (1 @entity1 ), excision of the appendage and local cryoablation (8 @entity1 ), and cryoablation alone (5 @entity1 ). Three of these underwent partial (2 @entity1 ) or complete (1 @entity1 ) atrial disconnection after excisional and cryoablative techniques failed to control the @entity591 . Multiple ectopic atrial foci were common (9 @entity1 ), and successful cryoablation was accomplished in 100% of the @entity1 with a single @entity8630 (10 @entity1 ) but in only 66% of those with multiple foci. Thirteen of 19 @entity1 with critical @entity1165 were treated by cryoablation at the site of the ectopic focus, either alone or in combination with excision of the area. Elimination of @entity591 was accomplished in 13 @entity1 (100%). @entity296 ( @entity5 ) was the histological diagnosis in 11 of the @entity1 with @entity1165 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cryoablative techniques in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity8630 :: ('MESH:D013612', 'Disease') :: ['atrial ectopic focus', 'atrial ectopic tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial hamartoma']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity5509 :: ('MESH:D058606', 'Disease') :: ['Kent bundle']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Purkinje cell tumor']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial appendage']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['supraventricular tachycardia']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac tachyarrhythmias']


abstract: Potential treatments for @entity43 that have become resistant to standard chemotherapies include modulators of @entity5 cell survival, such as endothelin receptor (ETR) antagonist. We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the dual ETR antagonist, @entity19629 , on @entity1 @entity43 cells, SKOV3ip1 and IGROV1, growing orthotopically in @entity19 . @entity19 with established disease were treated with vehicle (control), @entity1311 (weekly, intraperitoneal injections), @entity19629 (daily oral administrations), or a combination of @entity1311 and @entity19629 . Treatment with @entity1311 decreased @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 . Combination therapy with @entity19629 and @entity1311 reduced @entity5 incidence and further reduced @entity5 weight and volume of @entity843 when compared with @entity1311 alone. @entity19629 alone occasionally reduced @entity5 weight but alone had no effect on @entity5 incidence or @entity843 . Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that treatment with @entity19629 and @entity19629 plus @entity1311 inhibited the phosphorylation of ETRs and suppressed the survival pathways of @entity5 cells by decreasing the levels of pVEGFR2, pAkt, and pMAPK. The dose of @entity19629 necessary for inhibition of phosphorylation correlated with the dose required to increase antitumor efficacy of @entity1311 . Treatment with @entity19629 enhanced the @entity137 mediated by @entity1311 as measured by the degree of apoptosis in @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells. Collectively, these results show that administration of @entity19629 in combination with @entity1311 prevents the progression of @entity43 in the peritoneal cavity of @entity19 in part by inhibiting survival pathways of both @entity5 cells and @entity5 -associated endothelial cells.

title: XXXX ( @entity19629 ), a tissue-targeting endothelin receptor antagonist, enhances therapeutic efficacy of @entity1311 by modulating survival pathways in orthotopic models of metastatic @entity1 @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancers', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity19629 :: ('MESH:C533860', 'Chemical') :: ['Macitentan', 'macitentan']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity19629 :: (MESH:C533860,Chemical) :: ['Macitentan']