abstract: PURPOSE: Limited data are available regarding the oncologic efficacy of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) performed during robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) for @entity263 . We aimed to determine the frequency of pelvic lymph node @entity3 and oncological outcomes following RALP with PLND in @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant @entity342 deprivation therapy (ADT). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1740 consecutive @entity1 who underwent RALP and extended PLND. The primary endpoint was biochemical recurrence (BCR). The estimated BCR probability was obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess for predictors of BCR. RESULTS: One hundred and eight @entity1 (6  %) with positive LNs were identified. The median number of LNs removed was 17 (IQR 11-24), and median follow-up was 26  months (IQR 14-43). Ninety-one (84  %) @entity1 did not receive adjuvant ADT of whom 60  % had BCR with a median time to recurrence of 8  months. The 1- and 3-year BCR-free probability was 42 and 28  %, respectively. @entity1 with  <=2 LN+ had significantly better biochemical-free estimated probability compared to those with >2 LN+ (p  =  0.002). The total number of LN+ (HR  =  1.1; 95  % CI 1.01-1.2, p  =  0.04) and Gleason 8-10 (HR  =  1.96; 95  % CI 1.1-3.4, p  =  0.02) were predictors of BCR on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with positive lymph nodes at time of robotic prostatectomy, those with two or fewer positive nodes and Gleason <8 exhibited favorable biochemical-free survival without adjuvant therapy.

title: Robotic-assisted pelvic lymph node dissection for XXXX : frequency of nodal metastases and oncological outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychotropic medication is widely prescribed in clinical practice for the management of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in @entity195 ( @entity195 ). However, there have been few pharmaco-epidemiological studies or studies conducted in a natural setting on the real use of antidepressants in @entity195 . The aim of this survey was to assess the prevalence of antidepressant use in @entity195 and to identify the clinical factors associated with antidepressant prescription. METHODS: REAL.FR is a four-year, prospective, multi-center study. Baseline data including demographic characteristics, clinical variables and drug intake were obtained. @entity308 were determined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: A total of 686 @entity195 @entity1 were included. Antidepressant treatment was prescribed for 34.8% of @entity1 . Clinically significant @entity308 (NPI >or= 4) were observed in 20.5% of the total population. Although @entity308 subjects were significantly more likely to be treated with antidepressants than non- @entity308 subjects (p<0.0001), only 60% of @entity308 subjects overall were prescribed an antidepressant. In multivariate analysis, clinically significant @entity308 were associated with antidepressant prescription although this result was only observed in subjects without a previous history of @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: The available data on antidepressant efficacy in @entity146 other than @entity308 (in particular, @entity2146 , @entity146 and, occasionally, @entity716 ) do not influence prescription choices. @entity308 may be taken more seriously in the absence of a previous history of @entity308 , leading to increased antidepressant prescription rates in individuals presenting with @entity308 for the first time.

title: Antidepressant use in XXXX @entity1 : results of the REAL.FR cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depressed', 'depression', 'Depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia', 'aggression', 'BPSD']

entities_list: @entity2146 :: ('MESH:D011595', 'Disease') :: ['agitation']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To determine whether there are differences in the anatomical cleft measurements between @entity1 with isolated @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) with or without Pierre Robin sequence (PR) and those with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ). DESIGN:     Prospective case series. SETTING:     Tertiary care university-based medical center. @entity1 :     From 1993 to 2012, @entity2419 and @entity3384 @entity1 were prospectively enrolled in a database. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:     Several anatomical cleft parameters were recorded with precise measurements at the time of palatoplasty under general anesthesia. RESULTS:     One hundred twenty-five @entity1 were included in our study: 50 @entity1 in the @entity2419 without PR group, 87 @entity1 in the @entity2419 with or without PR (CPPR) group, and 38 @entity1 in the @entity3384 group. @entity1 in the @entity3384 group had increased values for the following parameters compared to @entity1 with @entity2419 and @entity1 with CPPR: nasopharyngeal depth (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively); cleft width at posterior hard palate border (P < .001 and P < .001); width of the dental arch (P < .001 and P < .001); and total cleft length (P < 01 and P < .001). For cleft width at the soft palate level, there was a significant difference between the @entity2419 and @entity3384 groups (P = .005). We found no statistically significant differences between the groups ( @entity2419 and CPPR, respectively) for the length of the soft palate (P = .74, P = .21) or for the length of the hard palate (P = .19, P = .08). CONCLUSION:     There are significant differences in cleft and palate measurements between @entity3384 and @entity2419 @entity1 that may be useful to predict the occurrence of @entity1739 or other complications.

title: Detailed Cleft Measurements: A Comparison Between Isolated XXXX and @entity2419 Associated With @entity3384 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1739 :: ('MESH:D014681', 'Disease') :: ['velopharyngeal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity2419 :: ('MESH:D002972', 'Disease') :: ['cleft palate', 'CLP versus CP', 'CP']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['CLP', 'cleft lip and palate']

answer: @entity2419 :: (MESH:D002972,Disease) :: ['Cleft Palates']


abstract: Combination surgery and radiotherapy (RT) is frequently used in soft tissue @entity242 (STS). Because lower doses and smaller irradiation volumes are possible in preoperative RT (pre-op RT), this approach can be especially valuable in anatomic settings where critical organs are in close proximity to the RT target area. A recent multicenter phase III trial (SR.2 trial of the National @entity5 Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group) comparing pre-op RT against post-op RT for extremity STS has shown significantly higher major wound complication rates (35%) with pre-op RT. We postulated that wound complication rates may be less frequent in the head and neck with better vascularity and wider use of secondary wound reconstruction. Using a prospective database, we identified 40 consecutive @entity1 with head and neck STS treated with pre-op RT (50 Gy) and subsequent (4 to 6 weeks later) resection between 1/89 and 8/99 in a single institution setting. Major wound complications (MWC) were classified by the identical criteria used in the SR.2 trial. Intracranial extension was evident in 5 @entity1 , whereas 50% of the @entity1 had large @entity5 (> 5 cm). @entity5 was present in 34 (85%), and 6 (15%) were superficial to fascia. In this series, 31 @entity1 (77.5%) had secondary reconstruction of the acquired soft tissue deficit. The actuarial 2-year local relapse-free rate was 80%, and the metastatic relapse-free rate was 85%. Major wound complications occurred in 8 of 40 @entity1 (20%) within 120 days of surgery according to the SR.2 criteria: secondary wound surgery (3), readmission or prolonged hospital admission for wound care (2), deep packing (0), prolonged dressing changes (2), and invasive procedure for wound care (1). The latter was a minor wound management problem (a single outpatient drainage of a @entity2080 ) for the combined rate of 8/20 or 20%. Our findings show that (1) pre-op RT in head and neck STS is associated with lower rates of major wound complications compared to extremity cases; (2) pre-op RT provides high rates of local control in an adverse group of cases of adult head and neck STS; (3) the choice of scheduling of RT should be based on anatomic issues with emphasis on the trade-offs between RT doses and volumes versus wound morbidity for individual @entity1 . This is especially important when @entity5 may be adjacent to critical head and neck structures which may be protected from the high-dose RT area.

title: Preoperative radiotherapy for adult head and neck soft tissue XXXX : assessment of wound complication rates and @entity5 outcome in a prospective series.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Deep tumor', 'Cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of @entity1 who have mild dyskaryosis on cervical smear but @entity3146 ( @entity3146 ) grade II or III at biopsy. METHODS: We analyzed information from 291 @entity1 (median age 33 years, range 17-69) observed for the first time with a single smear test showing mild dyskaryosis. All subjects underwent colposcopy, and histologic confirmation was obtained by biopsy. We compared the characteristics of @entity1 who had @entity3146 I or no evidence of @entity3146 with those of @entity1 with @entity3146 or III at biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 (10%) had @entity3146 I at biopsy, 46 (15%) @entity3146 , and 23 (8%) @entity3146 . The frequency of @entity3146 or III tended to decrease with increasing education; compared with @entity1 reporting 11 or fewer years of education, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) of @entity3146 was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.9) in those reporting 11 years of education or more. Compared with nulliparas, the OR of @entity3146 or III was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.5) for parous @entity1 . Furthermore, compared with never-smokers, the OR of @entity3146 or III was 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.4) for current smokers. Ex-smokers were at increased risk, too; the estimated multivariate OR was 3.8 (95% CI 1.9-7.6). Compared with @entity1 reporting one sexual partner, the multivariate ORs of @entity3146 or III were 1.4 and 2.3 for @entity1 reporting two to three or four or more sexual partners, respectively (chi 2(1) trend = 6.65, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results show that smoking is a risk indicator of @entity3146 or III in @entity1 with a single smear showing mild dyskaryosis. Parous @entity1 , those of low social standing, and those reporting multiple sexual partners also are at increased risk of @entity3146 or III.

title: Determinants of high-grade dysplasia among XXXX with mild dyskaryosis on cervical smear.

entities_list: @entity3146 :: ('MESH:D018290', 'Disease') :: ['cervical intraepithelial neoplasia', 'CIN II', 'CIN III', 'CIN', 'CIN II or III lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: A study was conducted using the ileal digestibility technique with grower-finisher @entity1707 to evaluate the effects of particle size reduction of @entity1460 meal (SBM) on @entity535 and energy digestibility. @entity1460 meal was processed through a hammer mill to achieve average particle sizes of 900, 600, 300, and 150 microm. The treatments included the use of two @entity1460 meal sources and soy protein concentrate. One source of SBM was ground to four different particle sizes (i.e., 949, 600, 389, 185); a second source was a common SBM source used in other trials (i.e., 800 microm). The soy protein concentrate had an average particle size of 385 microm. A low-protein (5% casein) diet was fed to determine endogenous @entity535 losses. This experiment was conducted in a 7 x 7 Latin Square design in two replicates using 14 crossbred barrows ([Landrace x Yorkshire] x Duroc) that averaged 28 kg BW and 60 d of age. Animals were surgically fitted with a @entity1619 at the distal ileum. Treatment diets were fed in meal form, initially at 0.09 kg BW(0.75) and at graded increases at each subsequent period. @entity1707 within replicate were fed a constant quantity of their treatment diet for a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d collection of ileal digesta samples. Apparent and true digestibility of @entity1522 was calculated by use of @entity6213 (0.5%) as an indigestible marker. Apparent digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. True digestibility of @entity6778 , @entity1853 , @entity815 , and @entity4857 increased linearly (P < 0.05) as particle size decreased. When the essential @entity1522 were averaged, apparent digestibility increased (P < 0.10) from 83.5% to 84.9% as particle size decreased, whereas, nonessential @entity535 digestibility increased only slightly (P > 0.15). Essential @entity535 true digestibility increased numerically from 91.0% to 92.4% as particle size decreased. Energy digestibility was not affected by particle size (P > 0.15). These results suggest that a reduction in particle size of @entity1460 meal resulted in a small increase in the digestibility of its @entity1522 with the essential @entity1522 being affected more than the nonessential @entity1522 . The largest improvement in digestibility, however, was obtained when the particle size was reduced to 600 microm.

title: Effect of @entity1460 meal particle size on @entity535 and energy digestibility in grower-finisher XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity6213 :: ('MESH:C023600', 'Chemical') :: ['chromic oxide']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity6778 :: ('CHEBI:24898', 'Chemical') :: ['isoleucine']

entities_list: @entity1460 :: ('3847', 'Species') :: ['Soybean', 'soybean']

entities_list: @entity815 :: ('CHEBI:28044', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylalanine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['swine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity20301 @entity566 is    1.3% in the United States, with shrimp most commonly reported. Shellfish is one of the top causes of food-induced anaphylactic reactions, yet there are no reported rates of pediatric shrimp @entity2021 in the literature. In previously reported adults with shrimp @entity566 , the rate of @entity2021 to shrimp was 42%. OBJECTIVE: To describe the rate of @entity2021 among @entity1 with shrimp @entity566 , demographics, clinical presentation, and cross-reactive sensitization. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of @entity1  <=18 years old who presented with shrimp @entity566 to Texas @entity1 's Hospital Allergy and Immunology Clinic over 11 years. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity1 were identified with shrimp @entity566 (61% male, 39% female), with a median age of diagnosis at 5.6 years (range, 0.96-16.6 years). The rate of @entity2021 was 12%, and mucocutaneous symptoms were most common (skin symptoms, 70%; @entity110 , 58%; and @entity113 , 58%). No factors were positively associated with @entity2021 , whereas @entity1 without @entity2021 had a significantly higher rate of @entity484 compared with those with @entity2021 (p = 0.02). African Americans and Asian Americans were disproportionately affected (p < 0.001). There were low rates of cross-sensitization for other crustaceans and for mollusks (57% and 26%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of @entity2021 to shrimp was significantly lower in @entity1 with shrimp @entity566 than in adults, and anaphylactic reactions were negatively associated with @entity484 . Cross-reactivity to other crustaceans and mollusks does not uniformly occur. Prospective studies with double blinded placebo-controlled food challenges are needed to further characterize @entity1 with shrimp @entity566 .

title: Risk factors in pediatric shrimp XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity113 :: ('MESH:D000799', 'Disease') :: ['angioedema']

entities_list: @entity110 :: ('MESH:D014581', 'Disease') :: ['urticaria']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The psychometric properties of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) have not been tested in @entity1 with @entity64 , despite its being the most frequently used instrument measuring @entity1295 in this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the psychometric properties of the FSS using both traditional and modern test theory approaches in @entity1 with @entity64 . DESIGN AND SETTING: A total of 119 @entity1 admitted to two hospitals in Norway with their first @entity64 were recruited to a longitudinal study of poststroke @entity1295 . Data on socio-demographics, @entity1295 and other clinical variables were collected by face-to-face interviews using standardized questionnaires or by mailed questionnaires at four time points six months apart. A total of 428 responses on the FSS were analysed. The internal scale validity, @entity1 response validity, unidimensionality, and uniform differential item functioning were assessed by applications of a Rasch model and by Cronbach's alpha. Additionally, concurrent validity was assessed using bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS: Items #1 and #2 in the original FSS demonstrated unacceptable high mean-square values. When these two items were removed, the psychometric properties in FSS-7 demonstrated better evidence of validity. No systematic differential item functioning of the items in FSS-7 was found in relation to any of the analysed variables. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity64 , the FSS-7 showed better psychometric properties and had better potential to detect changes in @entity1295 over time than the FSS-9 version, suggesting satisfactory grounds for removal of items #1 and #2 for its application.

title: Psychometric properties of the Fatigue Severity Scale-Rasch analyses of individual responses in a XXXX cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person', 'people']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['Norwegian stroke']


abstract: There is a paucity of published literature on the length of hospital stays (LOS) for @entity1 who leave @entity910 ( @entity910 ) and on the factors that predict their LOS. The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between race and the LOS for @entity910 @entity1 after adjusting for @entity1 and hospital characteristics. National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) data were used to describe LOS for @entity910 @entity1 aged 18 years or older. @entity1 characteristics included age, sex, race, marital status, insurance, and diagnosis (ICD-9-CM). Hospital characteristics consisted of ownership, region and bed size. LOS was the major outcome measure. Using data from all years 1988-2006, the expected time to @entity910 discharge was first examined as a function of race, then adjusting for year terms, @entity1 and hospital characteristics, and major medical diagnoses and @entity1032 . The unadjusted effect of race on the expected time of leaving @entity910 was about twice the adjusted effect. After controlling for the other covariates, the expected time to @entity910 discharge is 20% shorter for Blacks than Whites. The most significant predictors included age, insurance coverage, @entity1032 , gender, and region. Factors identified in this study offer insights into directions for evidence based- health policy to reduce @entity910 discharges.

title: Racial Differences in Length of Stay for XXXX Who Leave Against Medical Advice from U.S. General Hospitals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental illness']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['against medical advice', 'AMA']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to conduct a study to define the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of @entity1 with @entity19 typhus in Tenerife island (Canary islands, Spain). Moreover, we investigated the differential clinical features of this disease with regard to @entity4002 . @entity1 AND METHOD: 5-year prospective study of @entity1 with @entity19 typhus (1998-2002) admited in a reference hospital in Tenerife, Spain. RESULTS: Thirty two @entity1 were included. @entity11101 bite and @entity35 exposure were iuncommon (6.25%). The monthly distribution showed a peak of incidence in January, August and September, without a clear seasonal prevalence. Fever and @entity10 were the most common clinical features. @entity1910 was present in 28% of the cases. Both an increase in liver enzyme levels (88%) and @entity882 (37.5%) were the most relevant laboratory findings. Organ complications were uncommon (18.75%). Antibiotics were administered to 90% of @entity1 and cure was achieved in all them. Compared with @entity4002 , @entity1 with @entity19 typhus more commonly had @entity1910 (p = 0.006) and @entity882 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity19 typhus is an emerging rickettsiosis in Tenerife and must be considered in the differential diagnosis with @entity4002 .

title: [ @entity19 typhus in Tenerife. Clinicoepidemiological study and differential clinical features with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity4002 :: (MESH:D011778,Disease) :: ['Q fever']


abstract: The role of the hepatic artery in tracer water exchange and regulation of permeation of small solutes during canalicular bile formation was studied in the @entity35 using a system that permitted perfusion of both hepatic artery and portal vein. Hepatic vein and biliary multiple indicator dilution curves were obtained after injection of indicators into either vessel. The main difference in hepatic venous dilution curves was a 3.1-fold longer t0 (time spent in nonexchanging vessels) and a 5% larger equivalent water space after injection into the hepatic artery. Biliary tracer recovery of water was markedly higher after arterial injection than after portal vein injection. Both @entity7362 and @entity29677 stimulated bile flow and increased biliary tracer recovery after injection into either vessel. The biliary recovery of @entity969 relative to that of water, which is a measure of biliary @entity969 permeation, was much lower when given into the hepatic artery than when given into the portal vein. During @entity7362 infusion, it decreased by 33% in the hepatic artery but increased 36% in the portal vein. @entity29677 , by contrast, did not affect permeation of @entity969 given into the portal vein. Our studies demonstrate marked exchange of tracer water in the biliary epithelium. @entity7362 , but not @entity29677 , increases permeation of @entity969 into bile in the portal vein bed while both @entity3645 decrease it in the arterial bed.

title: Role of the hepatic artery in canalicular bile formation by the perfused XXXX liver. A multiple indicator dilution study.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurocholate', 'taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity29677 :: ('MESH:C019560', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurodehydrocholate', 'taurodehydrocholate']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Research into the optimal treatment of @entity82 has been limited by the lack of an established classification system for the disease. The purposes of this study were to develop a radiographic classification for @entity82 of the proximal femur and to test this classification's intra- and interobserver reliability as well as the effectiveness of our treatments. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of 227 femurs from 206 @entity1 with @entity82 . The radiographs were evaluated in the coronal plane for neck-shaft angle, @entity85 in the proximal femoral shaft, and distal juxtaarticular @entity85 . CT was evaluated in the axial plane for destruction of cortex. Reduction of bone strength was defined as the thickness of the remaining cortex less than 50  % of the original on axial CT. Two senior orthopedists evaluated each radiograph and CT twice at 8-week intervals. Intra- and interobserver reliability testing was performed using the kappa statistic. Treatments were assessed through mid-term follow-up. RESULTS: The 227 femurs were classified into five reproducible types: type 1 (33  %), normal bone strength without @entity85 (30  %), decreased bone strength without @entity85 ; type 3 (12  %), isolated @entity3192 with neck-shaft angle <120  ; type 4 (11  %), isolated @entity85 in the proximal femoral shaft; and type 5 (14  %), @entity3192 with @entity85 in the proximal femoral shaft. Intra- and interobserver kappa values were excellent, ranging from 0.85 to 0.88. Good clinical outcomes were achieved. CONCLUSIONS: This radiographic classification of @entity82 is reproducible and useful for describing and assessing this disease. The treatments based on this classification were effective.

title: Radiographic classification and treatment of XXXX of the proximal femur: 227 femurs with a mean follow-up of 6  years.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['valgus deformity', 'angular deformity; type 2', 'angular deformity', 'varus deformity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrous dysplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity2736 (" @entity5013 ossificans") is among the least frequently encountered reactive lesions in peripheral nerves. Only two cases have been described previously, one in the median nerve of a 34-year-old @entity1 , and the other in the ulnar nerve of an adult @entity1 . The architecture of this lesion is distinctly zonal. Consisting of a central fibroblastic core, an intervening zone of osteoid production, and a peripheral layer of ossification, the pattern is remarkably similar to that of @entity5323 . This similarity and the occurrence of the process in superficial nerves have led to speculation that @entity130 plays a role in its pathogenesis; this hypothesis remains unproved. We describe two additional cases of @entity5013 ossificans. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: One @entity1 , a 41-year-old @entity1 , experienced @entity158 and @entity1183 in the left leg for several months but had no history of local @entity130 . A mass was detected in the saphenous nerve. The second @entity1 , a 16-year-old @entity1 , noted subacute onset of @entity158 in the popliteal fossa and decreased sensation in the distribution of the lateral sural cutaneous nerve. A mass was found within the tibial nerve at the knee level. INTERVENTION: In each @entity1 , resection of the mass required sacrifice of a segment of the nerve. CONCLUSION: In each @entity1 , the mass was composed of fibrovascular tissue with @entity79 arranged in a zonal pattern. The ossifying process was intraneural but encased rather than directly involving nerve fascicles. These exceptionally intact examples of @entity5013 ossificans underscore its resemblance to @entity5323 . Nerve-sparing resection of such masses is not always possible.

title: Heterotopic ossification of peripheral nerve (" XXXX ossificans"): report of two cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'boy', 'man']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid and bone deposition']

entities_list: @entity5323 :: ('MESH:D009221', 'Disease') :: ['myositis ossificans']

entities_list: @entity2736 :: ('MESH:D009999', 'Disease') :: ['Heterotopic ossification']

answer: @entity5013 :: (MESH:D009443,Disease) :: ['neuritis']


abstract: Many of the symptoms experienced by @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity2742 ) develop insidiously and have often been misinterpreted as normal aging. The purpose of this study was to quantify @entity2742 @entity1 ' preoperative symptoms prospectively and study the impact of successful surgical intervention on these symptoms. Altogether 63 consecutive @entity1 with primary @entity2742 and 54 comparison @entity1 with nontoxic @entity1374 were prospectively enrolled in the study. An outcome questionnaire documenting symptoms with a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. The questionnaire was filled out preoperatively and at 7 to 10 days and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. At 1 year the questionnaire also included a general health assessment and quality of life index. Demographic data and follow-up blood work was obtained. Descriptive statistics, parametric comparisons (t-tests, ANOVA), and nonparametric comparisons (Mann-Whitney U-test) were calculated. The @entity2742 group demonstrated a significant decrease in reported symptoms between the preoperatively assessment and 7 to 10 days after operation (p < 0.001). There were no further statistically significant decreases in the @entity2742 group's symptoms at 3 and 12 months, but there was a trend for these symptoms to decrease over time. @entity2742 @entity1 perceived a 60% increase in their general health at 1 year; the comparison group perceived no increase. There was no significant change in the symptoms reported by the comparison group between each of the study intervals. Surgical intervention on @entity2742 @entity1 significantly reduces preoperative symptoms, and this reduction is most marked within the first 10 days after surgery.

title: Prospective surgical outcome study of relief of symptoms following surgery in XXXX with @entity459 .

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation is a rehabilitative and diagnostic technique for the @entity1494 . The goal of therapy is 3-fold: 1) to achieve the sensation of bladder filling or the urge to void, 2) to initiate a detrusor contraction and 3) to achieve conscious urinary control. The procedure combines direct electrical stimulation of bladder receptors with visual biofeedback using @entity1 observance of a water manometric representation of the detrusor response. Since November 1984 we have evaluated and/or treated 24 @entity1 with a @entity1494 . An electrocatheter is passed transurethrally into the bladder and the bladder is filled to a third of its capacity with normal saline. We then deliver 2 to 6 mA. every 3 seconds for 90 minutes. Full treatment usually requires 30 to 90 sessions. Of the 24 @entity1 13 had only 1 evaluation and 10 had 3 to 39 sessions. Of those 10 @entity1 7 had significant detrusor activity that had not been present before treatment and 4 have a sensation to void. The remaining @entity1 underwent 110 sessions. He has controlled detrusor contractions resulting in a normal voiding pattern. It appears that intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation may be helpful diagnostically to determine the stimulus response of bladder function and therapeutically to rehabilitate the @entity1494 toward full control.

title: Intravesical transurethral electrotherapy for the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['neurogenic bladder']

answer: @entity1494 :: (MESH:D001745,Disease) :: ['neurogenic bladder']


abstract: In spite of the improved quality of medical care for paraplegic @entity1 , @entity1 with @entity15 or @entity3510 after severe @entity130 , the incidence of pressure sores has not diminished. Whilst superficial @entity1066 usually heal with conservative treatment, deep established pressure sores rarely heal satisfactorily without surgical intervention. The various surgical procedures for closure of @entity6227 with their classical localisation, i. e. sacral, trochanteric and ischial @entity1066 , are critically discussed. The myocutaneous flaps offer a wide range of choices for coverage. Sometimes, however, it may be difficult to provide a good quality myocutaneous flap at one operation. In this paper 400 @entity1 with extensive bed sores operated upon during the last 20 years in the Clinic for Plastic Surgery in Cologne, applying the "slide-swing plasty" are reported. Some principles of the slide-swing plasty are to be respected: The flap should be tailored to the size and the shape of the @entity272 . Three basic forms of the method can be applied. The flap is placed to exploit the skin reserves surrounding the defect. The flap thickness should extend as far as the muscles. The advantages of this method are as follows: Extensive bed sores can be closed. Sometimes two or three @entity1066 can be dealt within a single operation. Subsequent recurrences can be closed again using slide-swing plasty.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin defect']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['decubitus ulcers']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity6227 :: (MESH:D003668,Disease) :: ['decubitus ulcers']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity463 ( @entity463 ) is the most aggressive type characterized by relapse and resistance even with the combination of radio- and chemotherapy. The presence of @entity11 stem cells (GSCs) has been shown to contribute to tumorigenesis, recurrence and treatment resistance. Particularly, @entity5439 -positive @entity11 cells have been shown to represent the subpopulation that confers @entity11 radioresistance and suggested to be the source of @entity5 recurrence after radiation. Thus, a better understanding and the development of agents which target GSCs could potentially lead to a significant improvement in treating @entity463 @entity1 . Here, we demonstrated that @entity1477 (an antistress protein) was highly expressed in @entity463 cells along with @entity3546 and Notch and correlated to the development of GSCs. @entity5439 + GSCs exhibited enhanced migration/invasion and self-renewal abilities. When @entity1477 was silenced, GSC properties were suppressed and the sensitivity towards irradiation increased. In addition, the level of microRNA 205 appeared to be negatively associated with @entity1477 expression. Our previous study indicated that @entity20667 (PT) possessed anticancer stem cell properties in @entity157 . Thus, we examined whether PT is also effective against GSCs. We found that PT-treated GSCs exhibited suppressed self-renewal and irradiation-resistant abilities. PT-mediated effects were associated with an increase of @entity16106 . Finally, we showed that PT treatment suppressed tumorigenesis in GSC xenograft @entity19 . In conclusion, we provided evidence that @entity1477 / @entity16106 @entity2270 played an important role in GSC maintenance and irradiation resistance. PT treatment suppressed GSC development via negatively modulating @entity1477 signaling. PT may be considered for combined therapeutic agent to enhance irradiation efficacy in @entity463 @entity1 .

title: XXXX suppressed irradiation-resistant @entity11 stem cells by modulating @entity1477 / @entity16106 @entity2270 .

entities_list: @entity20667 :: ('MESH:C107773', 'Chemical') :: ['pterostilbene']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['GBM', 'Glioblastoma multiforme']

answer: @entity20667 :: (MESH:C107773,Chemical) :: ['Pterostilbene']


abstract: @entity14 ( @entity14 ) is now common in Thailand with an increase in incidence over time. Health authorities are planning to implement a nationwide @entity14 screening program using @entity1241 ( @entity1241 ) as a primary screening tool. This study aimed to estimate preferences and acceptance of @entity1241 and colonoscopy, explore factors influencing the acceptance, and investigate reasons behind choosing and rejecting to screen before the program was implemented. @entity1 aged 50-69, visiting the primary care unit during the study period, were invited to join this study. @entity1 with a history of @entity5 or past @entity14 screening were excluded. Face-to-face interviews were conducted. Subjects were informed about @entity14 and the screening tests: @entity1241 and colonoscopy. Then, they were asked for their opinions regarding the screening. The total number of subjects was 437 (86.7% response rate). Fifty-eight percent were females. The median age was 58 years. @entity1241 was accepted by 74.1% of subjects compared to 55.6% for colonoscopy. The acceptance of colonoscopy was associated with perceived susceptibility to @entity14 and family history of @entity5 . No symptoms, unwilling to screen, healthy, too busy and anxious about diagnosis were reasons for refusing to screen. @entity1241 was preferred for its simplicity and non-invasiveness compared with colonoscopy. Those rejecting @entity1241 expressed a strong preference for colonoscopy. Subjects chose colonoscopy because of its accuracy; it was refused for the process and complications. If the screening program is implemented for the entire target population in Thailand, we estimate that 106,546 will have a positive @entity1241 , between 8,618 and 12,749 identified with advanced @entity652 and between 2,645 and 3,912 identified with @entity14 in the first round of the program.

title: Preferences and acceptance of XXXX screening in Thailand.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Colorectal cancer', 'CRC']

entities_list: @entity1241 :: ('MESH:D005242', 'Disease') :: ['FIT', 'fecal immunochemical test']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Increased carotid artery @entity121 ( @entity121 ) and the presence of plaques have been shown to be predictors of @entity65 . The cardiovascular risk in @entity1 with overt @entity1374 is related to increased risk of @entity731 , but there has been no clear evidence about @entity74 . We have assessed whether subclinical @entity1374 is associated with arterial thickening and plaque. METHODS AND RESULTS: The SardiNIA study is a population-based survey on the Italian island of Sardinia. We reviewed data from 5815 subjects (aged 14-102 years), none of whom had overt @entity1378 or @entity1375 or was taking thyroid medication. Serum thyrotropin (TSH), free @entity1955 , together with carotid ultrasound @entity121 and the presence of common carotid plaques were analysed in all subjects. Possible association of @entity121 and carotid plaques with thyroid parameters was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. @entity121 was significantly associated with age, sex, smoking, low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL), high density lipoprotein @entity165 , pulse pressure (PP), history of arterial @entity101 , @entity6 , and previous @entity65 (p  =  0.001 or lower, R(2)  =  0.47). Carotid plaques were predicted by age, sex, LDL, PP, history of @entity6 , previous @entity65 , and the use of statins (p  =  0.029 or lower). Thyroid hormone was not predictive of @entity2998 when adjusted for confounders. CONCLUSION: Thyroid hormone is not associated with increased @entity121 or with the presence of @entity543 . Our data do not support the idea that treating @entity74 might help to prevent arterial remodelling or @entity2998 .

title: No evidence of association between subclinical @entity1374 and common carotid intima medial thickness or XXXX plaque.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['carotid atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['subclinical disorders']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid artery plaque']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity1374 :: ('MESH:D013959', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid dysfunction', 'thyroid diseases']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Medium-term studies of ABG-1 cementless total hip arthroplasty have shown favorable functional results with excellent femoral component fixation but an abnormally high rate of periacetabular component @entity3061 , which may require early revision. HYPOTHESIS: The periacetabular @entity3061 rate increases with time with the ABG-1 implant, leading to a high revision rate. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test this hypothesis with a minimum follow-up of 10 years and evaluate the progression of periacetabular @entity3061 and its consequences on implant fixation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A continuous series of 111 ABG-1 cementless prostheses implanted by a single operator with a theoretical minimum follow-up of 10 years. Seventy-five implants were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 13 years. All the prostheses had been implanted via a posterolateral approach and consisted of a 28 mm cup matching a head in zirconia and an antidislocation rim design high-density @entity691 insert. RESULTS: Twelve cups were revised because of progressive @entity3061 . The revisions were performed systematically although there was no @entity158 or gross cup loosening. The revisions included resection of the @entity738 , @entity6675 filling with morselized bone grafts, and implantation of new uncemented ABG-2 cups in eight cases or cemented cups associated with a support ring in the four other cases. Thirty-two (48.5%) of the cups still in place at the end of the follow-up evaluation presented moderate and asymptomatic @entity3061 , inciting close subsequent observation. No predictive factor of @entity3061 onset was identified (age, body mass index, @entity691 wear, or cup orientation). None of the femoral stems was changed because of @entity3061 : the only two femoral revisions resulted from @entity3564 and one case of @entity162 . The femoral @entity3061 images were small and all limited to zones 7a (18.8% of cases), 1a, and 1b (65.2% of cases). The overall survival rate of the series at 13 years of follow-up was 80.5%; the cup survival rate was 83.2%; the femoral implant, 94.3%; and failure of the femoral stem secondary to aseptic loosening was only 1.3%. DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION: This long-term study confirms the high frequency of @entity3061 of ABG-1 prostheses surpassing the @entity3061 rate of other uncemented cups with a @entity691 insert. The absence of predictive criteria of @entity3061 occurrence and the lack of symptoms warrants periodic follow-up of @entity1 with ABG-1 cups and, if necessary, early repair of bone stock loss with grafts combined with acetabular cup revision. This procedure remains simple as long as performed before the onset of massive @entity79 , confirming the proposed revisions in this series were judicious. This study also confirms the excellent long-term fixation of the ABG-1 femoral stems derived from the osteointegration and proximal seal around the @entity692 coating.

title: Long-term results of the ABG-1 XXXX coated total hip arthroplasty: analysis of 111 cases with a minimum follow-up of 10 years.

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar loosening']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granuloma']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone destruction']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis', 'radiographic osteolysis', 'retroacetabular osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyapatite']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the spectrum of pathological lesions in percutaneous renal biopsies of @entity1 with @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and to compare our findings with reported literature. DESIGN: A single center based retrospective observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted in the Department of Histopathology, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi over a period of seven years (April 1995 to April 2002). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All the @entity1 with @entity810 who presented to the emergency ward of SIUT between April 1995 and April, 2002 and in whom renal biopsy was performed, were included in this study. @entity1 's demographic and clinical data were collected from a review of @entity1 's original surgical biopsy reports and case files. Pathological diagnosis was retrieved from a review of biopsy reports. Renal biopsies were received in 10% buffered @entity406 and processed for @entity982 embedding and subsequent histopathological examination under the light microscope. RESULTS: A total of 158 @entity1 were studied. Of these 57 were males and 101 females. Mean age of the @entity1 in this series was 30.7 years with a range of 6 to 75 years. Of these 61(38.6%) had @entity4295 , 36 (22.7%) acute cortical @entity39 and 49(31%) @entity1 had various types of @entity631 ( @entity631 ). Eight @entity1 (5%) had acute @entity1986 , 3 (1.8%) acute @entity2885 and one @entity1 had @entity2583 . CONCLUSION: This study showed that even in the selected population of biopsied @entity810 cases, there was a high prevalence of @entity8 . A substantial number of cases in unexplained @entity810 on renal biopsy were due to various forms of @entity631 .

title: Spectrum of pathological lesions in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2583 :: ('MESH:D009091', 'Disease') :: ['mucormycosis']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic renal disease']

entities_list: @entity4295 :: ('MESH:D007683', 'Disease') :: ['acute tubular necrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['ARF', 'acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1986 :: ('MESH:D009395', 'Disease') :: ['tubulointerstitial nephritis']

entities_list: @entity2885 :: ('MESH:D011704', 'Disease') :: ['pyelonephritis']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['GN', 'glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['acute renal failure']


abstract: Macrophages and dendritic cells play an important role in regulating B-cell responses, including proliferation to antigens such as @entity7430 (TNP)-Ficoll and TNP- @entity6469 . However, the mechanisms and molecule(s) that regulate these processes are relatively undefined. In this report, we show that @entity1 macrophages generated in vitro strongly costimulate proliferation of dense @entity1 tonsillar B cells ligated via their @entity25128 ( @entity25128 ) but not proliferation via @entity2936 . Similarly, dendritic cells also markedly enhance @entity25128 -activated B-cell proliferation. Soluble molecule(s) are required for @entity1 macrophages to costimulate proliferation of B cells triggered via their @entity25128 . Importantly, a TACI (trans-membrane activator and @entity48890 interactor)-Fc fusion protein inhibits both macrophage- and dendritic cell (DC)-dependent @entity25128 -activated B-cell proliferation, indicating a requirement for at least one of the known TACI ligands, @entity8410 and/or @entity32969 . Consistent with a major role for @entity8410 , macrophages release @entity8410 at levels sufficient to potently costimulate @entity25128 -induced B-cell proliferation. In addition, @entity8410 is more than 100-fold more potent than @entity32969 in enhancing @entity25128 -mediated @entity1 B-cell proliferation. Furthermore, immunodepletion of @entity32969 under conditions that prevent @entity32969 -mediated B-cell costimulation does not block macrophage enhancement of B-cell proliferation. Finally, there is no correlation between the high levels of @entity32969 ( @entity32969 ) expressed by macrophages compared with DCs and the similar abilities of macrophages and DCs to enhance @entity25128 -stimulated B-cell proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that macrophage- and DC-derived B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family ( @entity8410 ) represents a key molecule by which macrophages and DCs directly regulate @entity1 B-cell proliferative responses to T-cell-independent stimuli.

title: Macrophage- and dendritic cell--dependent regulation of XXXX B-cell proliferation requires the TNF family ligand @entity8410 .

entities_list: @entity7430 :: ('CHEBI:53067', 'Chemical') :: ['trinitrophenyl']

entities_list: @entity25128 :: ('613', 'Gene') :: ['B-cell antigen receptor', 'BCR']

entities_list: @entity32969 :: ('8741', 'Gene') :: ['a proliferation-inducing ligand', 'APRIL']

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors report their initial experience with partial and total thyroidectomy, and neck exploration for @entity2742 using the video-assisted approach. @entity1 AND METHODS: Between June 1999 and March 2001, 114 @entity1 underwent a thyroid (n = 57) or @entity3243 (n = 57) operation using a video-assisted cervical approach. Video-assisted neck exploration was conducted in all cases under general anaesthesia leading to a partial or total thyroidectomy, and to a selective adenoma removal in PHPT or to a subtotal @entity3243 resection in SHPT. RESULTS: IN THE THYROID GROUP: The mean cranio-caudal and transversal diameter of the resected specimen were respectively 4.9 +/- 0.9 and 2.8 +/- 0.6 cm, and mean total lobar weight was 11.7 +/- 5.8 g. Conversion to conventional surgery was required in 5 @entity1 (8.8%). The mean operative time was 133.9 +/- 26.9 and 86.5 +/- 22.5 minutes for total and partial thyroidectomy respectively. The laryngeal nerve was identified in 96% of cases. The mean length of skin incision was 24.0 +/- 2 mm. There were 3 cases of postoperative @entity3747 , and 2 cases of postoperative hoarseness. The postoperative hospital stay was less than 24 hours for 72.7% of @entity1 . The @entity158 intensity at day one (VAS) was 2.1 +/- 1.3. IN THE PARATHYROID GROUP: Seven of the 44 @entity1 who underwent PHPT (15.9%) and 4 of the 13 @entity1 who underwent surgery for SHPT (30.8%) were converted to a conventional surgical technique. The mean operative time in PHPT and SHPT was 47.3 +/- 22.3 minutes and 136.8 +/- 18.7 minutes, respectively. Recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified in 53.1% of the @entity1 . The median diameter and weight of the resected @entity3243 glands were 1.5 cm (range 0.8-2.7) and 0.9 g (range 0.5-7), respectively. The length of skin incision was 24 +/- 2 mm. All but 2 @entity1 are currently cured. Postoperative complications included @entity1410 and transient hoarseness each in one @entity1 (1.75%). The median @entity158 intensity at day one (VAS) was 0.5 (range: 0 to 3.6). In the PHPT group, the postoperative hospital stay was less than 24 hours for 56.7% of the @entity1 , and less than 48 hours for 91.9% of them. CONCLUSION: The video-assisted approach for thyroid and @entity3243 surgery is feasible, safe and effective in selected cases. Benefits for the @entity1 should be further assessed in future prospective comparative trials.

title: Contributions of the video-assisted approach to thyroid and XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3747 :: ('MESH:D006996', 'Disease') :: ['hypocalcemia']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity3243 :: (MESH:D010282,Disease) :: ['parathyroid']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the indication, feasibility, safety, and clinical utility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) in the management of various gastrointestinal pathologies. METHODS: The medical records of 60 consecutive @entity1 (34 female, 26 male) who underwent ESD at the gastroenterology department of Kocaeli University from 2006-2010 were examined. @entity1 selected for ESD had @entity75 or non-invasive @entity5 of the gastrointestinal tract and had endoscopic and histological diagnoses. Early @entity5 were considered to be confined to the submucosa, with no lymph node involvement by means of computed tomography and endosonography. RESULTS: Sixty ESD procedures were performed. The indications were epithelial lesions (n = 39) (33/39 @entity652 with high grade @entity1141 , 6/39 @entity652 with @entity258 ), @entity5 (n = 7), @entity5 (n = 7) (5/7 early @entity14 , 2/7 early @entity356 ), granular cell @entity5 (n = 3), @entity674 (n = 2), and @entity2909 (n = 2). En bloc and piecemeal resection rates were 91.6% (55/60) and 8.3% (5/60), respectively. Complete and incomplete resection rates were 96.6% (58/60) and 3.3% (2/60), respectively. Complications were @entity548 [n = 3 (5%)] and perforations [n = 5 (8.3%)] (4 colon, 1 stomach). Two @entity1 with @entity694 and two @entity1 with submucosal lymphatic and microvasculature invasion (1 gastric @entity5 , 1 @entity694 ) were referred to surgery. During a mean follow-up of 12 mo, 1 @entity1 with @entity652 with high grade @entity1141 underwent a second ESD procedure to resect a local recurrence. CONCLUSION: ESD is a feasible and safe method for treatment of @entity75 and early malignant @entity344 . Successful en bloc and complete resection of lesions yield high cure rates with low recurrence.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for XXXX and noninvasive early gastrointestinal cancers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['major bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['premalignant lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'tumor', 'cancer', 'carcinoid tumor', 'neuroendocrine tumor', 'early cancers']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforations', 'colonic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal epithelial and subepithelial lesions']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity258 :: ('MESH:D009800', 'Disease') :: ['low grade dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2909 :: ('MESH:D007889', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['premalignant lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ecallantide is a @entity1 plasma kallikrein inhibitor indicated for treatment of acute attacks of @entity1659 for @entity1 12 years of age and older. Ecallantide is produced in @entity10056 @entity375 cells by recombinant DNA technology. Use of ecallantide has been associated with a risk of @entity56 , including @entity2021 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of this detailed retrospective data review was to characterize @entity2021 cases within the ecallantide clinical trials database. METHODS: Potential cases of @entity56 in the ecallantide clinical development program were identified by examining reported adverse events. The National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 criteria were used to identify those events that were consistent with @entity2021 ; these cases were then reviewed in detail. Results from investigational antibody testing also were examined. RESULTS: Among @entity1 who received subcutaneous ecallantide (n  = 230 @entity1 ; 1045 doses of 30 mg ecallantide), 8 @entity1 (3.5%) had reactions that met the National Institute of @entity566 and @entity166 criteria for @entity2021 ; none occurred on first exposure to the drug. All 8 reactions had symptom onset within 1 hour of exposure and cutaneous manifestations commonly observed in @entity56 . All the reactions responded to standard management of @entity56 and resolved without fatal outcomes. IgE antibody testing to ecallantide or @entity10056 was not consistently positive in @entity1 who experienced apparent @entity56 . CONCLUSION: @entity2021 episodes after subcutaneous ecallantide exposure have clinical features suggestive of @entity56 . However, anti-ecallantide or anti-P pastoris IgE antibody status was not found to be reliably associated with @entity2021 .

title: Characterization of @entity2021 After Ecallantide Treatment of XXXX Attacks.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema']

entities_list: @entity10056 :: ('4922', 'Species') :: ['Pichia pastoris', 'P pastoris']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['type I hypersensitivity reactions', 'hypersensitivity reactions']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['Infectious Disease']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['Anaphylaxis', 'anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity1659 :: (MESH:D054179,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Angioedema']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of total skin electron beam therapy (TSEBT) with "translational technique" in the management of @entity4888 ( @entity4888 ). METHODS: Between January 1995 and October 2014, 51 @entity1 with @entity4888 were treated using TSEBT with translational technique. The total dose was 2800-3600 cGy, de-livered in 7 to 20 fractions. Out of the total 51 @entity1 , 22 (43.1%) had T2 (generalized patch/plaque) disease, 20 (39.3%) had T3 disease ( @entity5 stage), and 9 (17.6%) had @entity66 . Radiation-related late @entity272 parameters including @entity194 , pigmentation changes, hair loss, @entity8721 and @entity1066 were assessed according to RTOG/EORTC Late Radiation Morbidity Scoring Schema after at least 3 months from TSEBT. RESULTS: Treatment response was categorized as complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), or non-responding (NR) lesions. After TSEBT with translational technique, CR rate was 68.6% and PR rate 23.5%, while the NR rate was 7.9%. Overall, the rates of grade 1, grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4 @entity137 were 17.6% )9 @entity1 ), 39.3% (20 @entity1 ), 35.3% (18 @entity1 ), and 7.8% (4 @entity1 ), respectively. At a median follow-up of 79 months (range 14-142), overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 83% and 46%, respectively. CONCLUSION: For @entity1 with @entity4888 refractory to topical chemotherapy and phototherapy, TSEBT with translational technique offers excellent local control (LC: CR+PR) and favorable OS rates along with substantial relief of symptoms.

title: Evaluation of XXXX management by total skin electron beam therapy with "translational technique".

entities_list: @entity4888 :: ('MESH:D009182', 'Disease') :: ['mycosis fungoides', 'MF']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['T4 (erythrodermic) disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin injury']

answer: @entity4888 :: (MESH:D009182,Disease) :: ['mycosis fungoides']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although complications ( @entity281 , development of granulation tissue) of @entity1346 @entity5274 have been reported, the microbiological consequences and the origin of granulation tissue have not yet been evaluated. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective trial. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity5274 from 10 @entity1 were analyzed with regard to the development of granulation tissue, bacterial growth (including genotyping with polymerase chain reaction), and results of sensitivity testing. Furthermore, stent sterilization (n = 6) was investigated. RESULTS: Granulation tissue occurred with 74% of the stents, and all specimens showed signs of @entity281 but no foreign body reaction. The predominant organisms were @entity794 (35%) and @entity796 (17%). The differences between groups with and without granulation tissue were significant for @entity796 . Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting of the @entity794 obtained from 15 stents (n = 3 @entity1 ) revealed a total of seven different genotypes. Whereas two of these @entity1 harbored six different genotypes of @entity794 , the third @entity1 was persistently colonized by @entity794 over a 15-month period with the identical genotype. Susceptibility testing showed most commonly (65%) sensitivity to a combination of @entity115 - @entity798 and @entity800 . After sterilization, 92% of analyzed stent segments showed no bacterial growth. CONCLUSIONS: Granulation tissue commonly occurred next to the @entity1346 (subglottic area, stoma) where @entity794 and @entity796 were commonly isolated. A combination of mechanical irritation and @entity2348 seems to account for the development of granulation tissue. Polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting showed both prolonged persistence and a change of colonizing strains after multiple stent replacements. A combination of @entity115 - @entity798 and @entity800 is the most effective antibiotic therapy. Sterilization of the cost-intensive @entity1346 stents is feasible, and reuse in the same @entity1 is justifiable from economic aspects.

title: Bacteria and granulation tissue associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S aureus']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infection']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['Montgomery T-tubes']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

answer: @entity5274 :: (MESH:D005184,Disease) :: ['Montgomery T-tubes']


abstract: A rare case of extracranial internal @entity432 with a coexisting @entity439 is reported. A 50-year-old male had a sudden onset of severe @entity10 , @entity391 and right motor weakness on May 14, 1984. Two days later the @entity1 was transferred to our hospital. On admission he was alert but presented with @entity2003 and right moderate @entity1269 . He had an episode of a @entity6075 12 years previously, but no history of @entity101 , @entity6 or @entity64 . A computed tomography revealed mild @entity510 and mild @entity2554 . A cerebral angiography did not demonstrate any @entity439 but it revealed @entity432 at the cervical bifurcation. The repeated angiography on May 31 disclosed a saccular @entity439 arising anteromedially at the level of the junction of the right posterior communicating @entity2998 . The cervical internal carotid artery remained occluded at the same site. The middle cerebral artery was supplied through the well-developed posterior communicating artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery was supplied through the anterior communicating artery. Clipping of the @entity439 was attempted but it was forcibly trapped because of @entity548 on June 5. The right V-P shunt was performed for the progressive @entity2554 on June 12. The @entity1 was discharged with no paresis on June 20. It has been well known that the uni- or bilateral @entity432 , whatever the origins are, are often associated with @entity438 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Extracranial internal XXXX and coexisting @entity438 ].

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['nuchal rigidity']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral stroke']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['premature bleeding']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity2998 :: ('MESH:D002340', 'Disease') :: ['artery and the internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['ipsilateral internal carotid aneurysm', 'aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity6075 :: ('MESH:D016489', 'Disease') :: ['blunt head injury']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['carotid occlusion', 'occlusion of the right internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

answer: @entity432 :: (MESH:D001157,Disease) :: ['carotid occlusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the outcome of Rhomboid excision and Modified Limberg's flap closure with excision and primary closure for the treatment of Sacrococcygeal Pilonidal sinus. METHODS: The study was conducted at the Surgical Department of Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from 2009 to 2012. A total of 60 @entity1 of @entity2869 were randomly divided into two equal groups. The @entity1 were operated under general anaesthesia in prone position by Rhomboid excision and Modified Limberg's flap closure with a closed suction drain in group 1, and excision and primary closure over a drain in group 2. @entity1 were followed up for 12 months for surgical complications of the treatment. SPSS 17 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In group 1 there were 27(90%) males and 3(10%) females, while group 2 had 28(93.3%) males and 2(6.7%) females. The @entity281 rates were observed to be 2(7%) in group 1 and 8(26.6%) (p<0.038) in group 2. The recurrence rate was only 1(3.3%) in group 1 compared to 4(13.3%) in group 2. Average hospital stay was 1.63  0.67 days group 1 and 2.8  1.24 days in group 2. CONCLUSION: Modified Limberg's flap closure is an effective treatment modality for @entity2869 with 1.5 times less @entity281 rate, 4 times less recurrence rate and 40% in-hospital time.

title: Modified Limberg's flap versus primary closure for treatment of XXXX : a comparative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2869 :: ('MESH:D010864', 'Disease') :: ['pilonidal sinus', 'pilonidal sinus disease']

answer: @entity2869 :: (MESH:D010864,Disease) :: ['pilonidal sinus disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are several nomograms for the @entity1 considering radiation therapy for clinically @entity263 . Because of the questionable clinical implications of @entity1486 recurrence, its use as an end point has been criticized in several of these nomograms. The goal of this study was to create and to externally validate a nomogram for predicting the probability that a @entity1 will develop @entity3 within 5 years after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized analysis of 1,677 @entity1 treated with three-dimensional CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1988 to 2000. Clinical parameters examined were pretreatment @entity1486 level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. @entity1 were followed until their deaths, and the time at which they developed @entity3 was noted. A nomogram for predicting the 5-year probability of developing @entity3 was constructed from the MSKCC cohort and validated using the Cleveland Clinic series of 1,626 @entity1 . RESULTS: After three-dimensional CRT, 159 @entity1 developed @entity3 . At 5 years, 11% of @entity1 experienced @entity3 by cumulative incidence analysis (95% CI, 9% to 13%). A nomogram constructed from the data gathered from these @entity1 showed an excellent ability to discriminate among @entity1 in an external validation data set, as shown by a concordance index of 0.81. CONCLUSION: A nomogram with reasonable accuracy and discrimination has been constructed and validated using an external data set to predict the probability that a @entity1 will experience @entity3 within 5 years after three-dimensional CRT.

title: Pretreatment nomogram that predicts 5-year probability of XXXX following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for @entity263 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: Idiopathic @entity1318 is a primary @entity1208 characterized by loss of esophageal peristalsis and insufficient lower esophageal sphincter relaxation in response to deglutition. @entity1 with @entity1318 commonly complain of @entity1282 to solids and liquids, bland regurgitation often unresponsive to an adequate trial of proton pump inhibitor, and @entity662 . @entity353 is present in many, but not all @entity1 . Although the precise etiology is unknown, it is often thought to be either autoimmune, viral immune, or neurodegenerative. The diagnosis is based on history of the disease, barium esophagogram, and esophageal motility testing. Endoscopic assessment of the gastroesophageal junction and @entity356 is necessary to rule out malignancy. Newer diagnostic modalities such as high resolution manometry help in predicting treatment response in @entity1318 based on esophageal pressure topography patterns identifying three phenotypes of @entity1318 (I-III) and outcome studies suggest better treatment response with types I and II compared to type III. Although @entity1318 cannot be permanently cured, excellent outcomes are achieved in over 90 % of @entity1 . Current medical and surgical therapeutic options ( @entity384 , @entity954 , and pharmacologic agents) aim at reducing the LES pressure and facilitating esophageal emptying by gravity and hydrostatic pressure of retained food and liquids. Either graded pneumatic dilatation or laparoscopic surgical myotomy with a partial fundoplication are recommended as initial therapy guided by @entity1 age, gender, preference, and local institutional expertise. The prognosis in @entity1318 @entity1 is excellent. Most @entity1 who are appropriately treated have a normal life expectancy but the disease does recur and the @entity1 may need intermittent treatment.

title: XXXX : a review.

entities_list: @entity1318 :: ('MESH:D004931', 'Disease') :: ['achalasia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['Weight loss']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['pneumatic dilation']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal motor disorder']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['endoscopic and surgical myotomy']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cardia']

answer: @entity1318 :: (MESH:D004931,Disease) :: ['Idiopathic (primary) achalasia']


abstract: Rams were randomly assigned to an experiment that evaluated effects of treatment (2.5 mg @entity2493 /d for 45 d vs control; @entity17506 vs CON) in mid-May through June on testis weight and concentration of epididymal @entity342 receptor in July or September (Sept). Mean testis weight of @entity17506 and CON rams was not different in July (332 vs 283 g), but in Sept was less (P less than .05) for @entity17506 rams than CON rams (268 vs 382 g). Testis weight of @entity17506 rams was less (P less than .05) in Sept than in July. Caput, corpus and cauda epididymal tissues were used to prepare extracts which were analyzed for concentration of @entity586 ( @entity587 ) receptor using a new standard curve method. A standard extract was characterized using four independent 8-point Scatchard analyses and found to contain 6.0 fmol @entity587 receptor/mg wet tissue (Ka = 3.5 X 10(8).M-1); this extract was used to establish standard curves for assays of unknown samples. Data on concentration of @entity587 receptors measured by Scatchard analysis and the standard curve method were highly correlated (r = 0.99; P less than .01; n = 8). Concentrations of @entity587 receptor were not affected by treatment, month of castration, or their interaction. However, for data pooled across treatment and month, concentration (fmol/mg protein) of @entity587 receptor was greater (P less than .05) in caput or corpus (125 or 122) than in cauda (92) epididymidis. The regional distribution of epididymal @entity587 receptors in this study confirmed our previous findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of exogenous XXXX prior to the breeding season on testis weight and epididymal @entity342 receptors in rams.

entities_list: @entity586 :: ('MESH:D013196', 'Chemical') :: ['dihydrotestosterone']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['melatonin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is highly expressed in the renal tissues of @entity1 with @entity2316 , and it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of @entity2316 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract ( @entity11240 ) on early renal glomerular proliferation in @entity3839 (STZ)-induced @entity6 @entity35 . METHODS: @entity11240 (100, 350 mg/kg/day) was administered to @entity6 @entity35 for 16 weeks. Blood @entity413 and @entity633 were measured. Renal histology, @entity1918 ( @entity1918 ), and @entity1975 ( @entity1975 ) expression levels were also examined. RESULTS: After 16 weeks of treatment with @entity11240 , severe @entity4854 and @entity633 were observed in the @entity6 @entity35 . The expressions levels of @entity1918 and @entity1975 proteins were significantly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . The expression levels of PDGF-BB and its receptor expressions were greatly increased in the glomeruli of the @entity6 @entity35 . However, @entity11240 markedly reduced @entity633 in the @entity6 @entity35 . @entity11240 inhibited @entity1918 and @entity1975 up-regulation and ameliorated PDGF-BB and PEGFR-Ss protein expression in the @entity6 @entity35 . In addition, the binding of PDGF-BB/PDGFR-Ss was inhibited by @entity11240 as shown by an in vitro assay. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity11240 has an inhibitory effect on @entity7622 in @entity2316 via the inhibition of the interaction of PDGF-BB with its receptor. @entity11240 may have beneficial effects in preventing the progression of @entity2316 .

title: Root of Polygonum cuspidatum extract reduces progression of @entity2316 via inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and interaction with its receptor in XXXX -induced @entity6 @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'diabetic renal tissues']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity1918 :: ('25365(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-SMA', 'alpha-smooth muscle actin']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1975 :: ('25737(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['PCNA', 'proliferating cell nuclear antigen']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial proliferation']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3839 :: (MESH:D013311,Chemical) :: ['streptozotocin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite ongoing controversy, hyperbaric @entity26 (HBO) therapy is frequently administered in various clinical situations. Probably because of the unique atmospheric conditions to which the @entity1 is exposed, there are concerns about the safety aspects of this therapy. Possible complications during HBO therapy include @entity75 (middle ear, nasal sinuses, inner ear, lung, teeth), @entity26 @entity137 (central nervous system, lung), confinement @entity148 , and ocular effects ( @entity1714 , @entity231 growth). METHODS: To analyze the medical safety of HBO therapy, this report reviewed complications and side effects of 782 @entity1 treated for various indications with a total of 11,376 HBO therapy sessions within a multiplace chamber. The absolute treatment pressure was 240 or 250 kPa 114 or 15 msw). The compression was performed in a linear manner with 14 to 15 kPa (1.4 to 1.5 msw) x @entity1009 ). All data were gathered prospectively within a special database. RESULTS: More than 17% of all @entity1 experienced @entity158 or discomfort as an expression of problems in equalizing the middle ear pressure. Most episodes were not related to a persistent @entity409 since they only occurred once. @entity227 (ear microscopy) were verified in 3.8% of all @entity1 . @entity1 with sensory deficits involving the ear region need special attention, because they seem to be at risk for @entity397 of the tympanic membrane (three cases documented). A barotrauma of the nasal sinuses occurred rarely and no @entity75 of the inner ear, lung, or teeth were noted. @entity26 @entity137 of the CNS manifested by generalized @entity410 affected four @entity1 without any recognizable risk factors or prodromes. None of the @entity1 suffered recurrences or sequelae. Regular checks of the blood @entity413 in diabetics failed to reveal episodes of @entity4053 as a cause for @entity410 . Lung function tests of @entity1 undergoing prolonged treatment (average 52.8 sessions) did not deteriorate. CONCLUSION: @entity1 scheduled for HBO therapy need a careful pre-examination and monitoring. If safety guidelines are strictly followed, HBO therapy is a modality with an acceptable rate of complications. The predominant complication is represented by pressure equalization problems within the middle ear. Serious complications rarely occur.

title: Complications and side effects of hyperbaric XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Barotraumatic lesions on visual otological examinations']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['barotraumatic lesions']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['eustachian tube dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity263 face difficult choices when selecting a therapy for @entity263 . Comparative data from controlled studies are lacking and clinical opinions diverge about the benefits and harms of treatment options. Consequently, there is limited guidance for @entity1 regarding the impact of treatment decisions on quality of life. There are opportunities for public health to intervene at several decision-making points. Information on typical quality of life outcomes associated with specific @entity263 treatments could help @entity1 select treatment options. From 2003 to present, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has supported projects to explore @entity1 information-seeking behavior post-diagnosis, caregiver and provider involvement in treatment decision making, and @entity1 quality of life following @entity263 treatment. CDC's work also includes research that explores barriers and facilitators to the presentation of active surveillance as a viable treatment option and promotes equal access to information for @entity1 and their caregivers. This article provides an overview of the literature and considerations that initiated establishing a prospective public health research agenda around treatment decision making. Insights gathered from CDC-supported studies are poised to enhance understanding of the process of shared decision making and the influence of @entity1 , caregiver, and provider preferences on the selection of treatment choices. These findings provide guidance about attributes that maximize @entity1 experiences in survivorship, including optimal quality of life and @entity1 and caregiver satisfaction with information, treatment decisions, and subsequent care.

title: Evolution of a CDC Public Health Research Agenda for Low-Risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Men', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The liver is the main site of synthesis and/or clearance of proteins involved in fibrinolysis. Therefore, @entity409 , including @entity82 , leads to altered plasma levels of fibrinolytic proteins. Historical studies using in vitro clot lysis assays suggested that @entity1 with @entity409 had accelerated fibrinolysis. Subsequent studies measured levels of individual pro- and antifibrinolytic proteins and showed that levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator are elevated. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 may also be altered, which leads to a shift in balance in the fibrinolytic system. Despite the fact that a more recent study using a plasma clot lysis assay challenged the existence of @entity9660 , other recent studies detected @entity9660 in a considerable number of @entity1 with @entity82 . Therefore, it is now recognized that @entity9660 may occur in 30 to 50% of @entity1 with @entity3851 . A causal role of @entity9660 in bleeding is difficult to establish because also other concomitant changes in hemostasis occur. Treatment of @entity9660 consists of the use of fibrinolysis inhibitors, such as @entity927 . In this review we summarize current insights of the role of the liver in fibrinolysis, changes in fibrinolytic proteins, the potential clinical implications, and management of @entity9660 in @entity409 .

title: The Fibrinolytic Status in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity9660 :: ('MESH:C567640', 'Disease') :: ['hyperfibrinolysis']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Liver Diseases']


abstract: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that some of the proliferative effects of steroid hormones on @entity5 cells are mediated by the @entity8496 proto-oncogenes. The @entity1 @entity0 cell line MCF-7 is @entity1782 ( @entity1782 ) positive (+). NCI/ADR-RES is a @entity1 cell line lacking the @entity1782 ( @entity1782 -) that was initially named @entity33415 and @entity817 kinase activities were examined in cell lines treated with beta-estradiol for 24 hours. Increases in @entity10242 and @entity33415 activities were observed after treatment with beta-estradiol in the @entity1782 (+) MCF-7 cells but not in the @entity1782 (-) NCI/ADR-RES cells. In contrast, no significant changes in @entity817 activity were observed. Thus beta-estradiol can induce @entity10242 and @entity33415 activities in @entity1782 (+) cells. In addition, beta-estradiol caused cell cycle progression in MCF-7 cells and an increased proliferative response to beta-estradiol was observed in MCF-7, which overexpressed constitutively-active @entity10242 (MCF/DeltaRaf-1). Increased mRNA levels of the ligand for the @entity1722 receptor, @entity1915 (ARG) were observed after beta-estradiol treatment of MCF-7 cells whereas constitutively higher levels of ARG and its receptor, @entity1722 mRNAs were detected in MCF/DeltaRaf-1 cells. These findings suggest that targeting @entity8496 may prove efficacious in @entity0 therapies.

title: The effects of beta-estradiol on @entity8496 activity, cell cycle progression and growth factor synthesis in the XXXX cell line.

entities_list: @entity1782 :: ('2099', 'Gene') :: ['ER', 'estrogen-receptor', 'estrogen receptor']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['MCF-7 breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity14 often present with @entity1442 and concomitant poor prognosis. The best known serum biomarker, @entity787 ( @entity787 ) is not recommended for screening because of its limited specificity and sensitivity. A number of other circulating proteins have been suggested to be diagnostically useful but individually none of these has proved to be of sufficient sensitivity or specificity to establish a role in routine clinical practice. Here, we test the hypothesis that combining several of these biomarkers will improve diagnostic efficacy. METHODS: To select the markers for our model we screened @entity787 and 26 other candidate biomarkers. Four candidates were selected and their concentrations determined in the serum of 239 @entity1 (106 @entity14 @entity1 and 133 non- @entity5 subjects). RESULTS: Class prediction models based on @entity787 , DR-70 and sCD26 produced a modest increase in detection accuracy over @entity787 alone, particularly for early stage @entity5 . The sensitivity and specificity required for a clinically useful test was not reached. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that a biomarker panel comprised of the currently available serum markers will generate a clinically useful diagnostic test for @entity14 . Our findings reiterate the urgent need to discover novel biomarkers for the detection of @entity14 .

title: Assessment of novel combinations of biomarkers for the detection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Pericytes are an integral component of blood capillaries, but their involvement in a variety of conditions and diseases, including @entity101 and @entity15 , is poorly understood. In order to analyze the mRNA expression of markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 in @entity35 brain pericytes, we have established brain capillary pericyte cell lines from temperature-sensitive SV40 large T antigen transgenic @entity35 . The newly established clones showed similar biochemical and morphological properties to primary pericytes. The expression of endothelial cell-related markers @entity25603 , @entity12186 , @entity43012 , and @entity26081 was evaluated by RT-PCR analysis. beta2-Adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR), @entity1809 ( @entity1809 ), and klotho were also evaluated as markers related to @entity101 and @entity15 . All of the isolated clones expressed beta2-AR, @entity1809 and klotho genes. They also stably expressed @entity25603 and @entity26081 , while @entity12186 , @entity43012 and @entity9018 were expressed only at low levels in some of the clones. The expressions of @entity1809 in TR-PCT1 were determined by Western blotting. @entity1808 stimulated migration of pericytes. This effect was blocked by an @entity1809 antagonist. The pericyte cell lines established here are pluripotent, and should be useful for analysis of the reactivity and biological roles of pericytes.

title: XXXX brain pericyte cell lines expressing beta2-adrenergic receptor, @entity1808 receptor type 1A, klotho, and @entity9018 mRNAs despite having endothelial cell markers.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1809 :: ('24180(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['AT1', 'AT1A', 'angiotensin II receptor type1A']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Air pollutants from wildfires and @entity28 independently exacerbate @entity565 , yet no study has determined the combined effects of these 2 variables on @entity565 outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 2 catastrophic wildfires affecting the Southern California region (in 2003 and 2007) on several @entity565 outcomes in a cohort of @entity1 . METHODS: To investigate the association between wildfire exposure and @entity565 outcomes, we stratified our study population by body mass index categories (underweight, normal, overweight, and @entity28 ) and @entity10688 codes (to distinguish individuals who were closer to the fires vs farther away). The primary outcome was the prevalence of physician-dispensed short-acting b-agonist (SABAs). Secondary outcomes included the rate of emergency department visits and/or hospitalizations for @entity565 , the frequency of oral @entity228 use for @entity565 , and number of new diagnoses of @entity565 . RESULTS: A total of 2,195 and 3,965 asthmatic @entity1 were analyzed as part of our retrospective cohort during the 2003 and 2007 wildfires, respectively. @entity6411 dispensing increased the most in the @entity28 group after the 2003 wildfires (P < .05). Increased prevalence of @entity6411 dispensing was also noted in the @entity28 group in 2007, but this was not statistically higher than the increases seen in other body mass index groups. There was no observed increase in emergency department and/or hospitalization rates, oral @entity228 dispensing frequency, or new @entity565 diagnoses after either wildfire. CONCLUSION: Catastrophic wildfires lead to worsening @entity565 outcomes, particularly in @entity28 individuals. This study gives further evidence of a link between @entity28 and @entity565 severity and suggests that air pollutants released during wildfires can have substantial detrimental effects on @entity565 control.

title: Effect of catastrophic wildfires on asthmatic outcomes in XXXX @entity1 : breathing fire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare survival in @entity1 with clinical T1b @entity703 that are pathologically upstaged, or high-grade @entity5 , treated by either @entity1625 ( @entity1625 ) or radical nephrectomy (RN). The American Urological Association Guidelines recently advocated increasing use of @entity1625 in all @entity1 with @entity7487 renal masses, but urologists are often hesitant to perform @entity1625 for larger more aggressive appearing @entity7487 @entity703 for fear of pathologic upstaging and a perceived compromise in @entity5 control. METHODS: From a single institutional @entity703 registry, 2511 consecutive @entity1 with presumed @entity7487 @entity1358 underwent extirpative surgery; 1981 (79%) were found to have @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and 213 (10.7%) were upstaged on final pathology. In addition, 95 (5%) were found to have grade 4 @entity5 . Cancer-specific survival (CS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) were compared between the groups. RESULTS: In the upstaged cohort, @entity1 treated by @entity1625 (n = 96, 45%) had comparable @entity1349 and CS when studied stage for stage with those treated by RN (n = 117, 55%). Multivariate cox-proportional hazards analysis of @entity1349 in the upstaged subset demonstrated that only age, grade, and Charlson score predicted @entity1349 , whereas @entity1625 vs RN and stage did not. @entity1625 did not compromise survival in @entity1 with grade 4 @entity1358 compared with RN. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1625 does not appear to compromise the chance for @entity5 cure in @entity1 with @entity7487 @entity5 that are upstaged pathologically to pT2 or @entity1803 or high-grade renal masses when compared with RN. These concerns should not deter a surgeon from attempting @entity1625 when otherwise technically feasible.

title: Partial nephrectomy does not compromise survival in @entity1 with pathologic upstaging to pT2/ @entity1803 or high-grade XXXX compared with radical nephrectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1625 :: ('MESH:D004828', 'Disease') :: ['PN', 'partial nephrectomy']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell cancer', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity703 :: (MESH:D007680,Disease) :: ['renal tumors']