abstract: Today, by injecting @entity1933 based nanoparticles (USPIO) as MRI contrast agents, it is possible to study lymphatic system and some specific @entity5 and their @entity3 . The type of surface coating, and coating characteristics of the nanoparticles are important factors for the biological properties of nanoparticles and their destination target. On the other hand, these properties contribute to different signal intensities. This may confine application of all types of USPIO based contrast agents in routine daily experiments. In this study, the ability of detecting these particles having various sizes and coating properties was evaluated for MRI applications. Signal intensity changes after administration of these particles into tissues have been studied and their detection sensitivity was evaluated using a liver phantom and animal model ( @entity35 ). IO based nanoparticles of various sizes (8-30 nm) functionalized and coated with various surface polymers such as dextran and starch, @entity6115 and @entity2145 groups, and bear IO particles were used to investigate the signal changes. The optimized pulse sequences for proper demonstration of lymph nodes using these contrast agents were found (T2* FSPGR protocol with fat suppressions). A detection sensitivity of 98% was achieved in most experiments during applying a proper MR protocol. However, the type of surface coating, and coating characteristics such as thickness were shown to be essential factors for MRI signal intensity in both T1 and T2 protocols.

title: Detection sensitivity of MRI using ultra-small super paramagnetic XXXX nano-particles (USPIO) in biological tissues.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity2145 :: ('MESH:C031356', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxide']

answer: @entity1933 :: (MESH:C000499,Chemical) :: ['iron oxide']


abstract: The karyotypes of a Puerto Rican strain of @entity380 and a Kenyan strain of S. rodhaini are similar in number of general morphology. For each species there are eight pairs of chromosomes (2n =16) which are divided into three size groups. C-banded methods revealed, in addition to centromeric heterochromatin, a large @entity616 in one for the No. 2 chromosomes in females but not in the other. Neither No. 2 chromosome of males possessed the @entity616 . This pair (2) is interpreted as the sex chromosomes, with the female being heterogametic (ZW), the male homogametic (ZZ). Differences between karyotypes of the two species occurred. These included a satellite on the No. 3 chromosome of @entity383 and a euchromatic tip on the otherwise heterochromatic short arm of the W chromosome of this species; neither of these was present in S. rodhaini. The two species also differed in that the centromeric index of the Z of @entity383 was smaller than that of the W, whereas in S rodhaini the reverse was true. In @entity383 the large @entity616 of the W chromosome was identified in prophase and interphase nuclei as well as at metaphase.

title: Conventional giemsa and C-banded karyotypes of XXXX and S. rodhaini.

entities_list: @entity383 :: ('99802', 'Species') :: ['S mansoni', 'S. mansoni']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heterochromatic block']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: @entity2916 complex is a disease that affects many organs, including the central nervous system. Nervous system involvement in the form of @entity4607 often results in @entity410 . In this study we wanted to determine the outcome of @entity302 in @entity2916 and determine whether interictal electroencephalograms (EEGs) and @entity4607 as seen with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are predictive of degree of @entity410 control. The study population consisted of 30 @entity1 . For each @entity1 two sets of EEG and MRI data, separated by at least 12 months, and information on @entity410 frequency at time of data collection were obtained. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of various EEG and MRI findings were determined. @entity410 control improved in 20 and worsened in 10 @entity1 . In relation to @entity410 control, the specificity of an abnormal sleep EEG and the positive predictive value of normal sleep EEG were 100%. MRI and EEG background were neither sensitive nor specific for predicting @entity410 control. A majority of @entity1 with @entity2916 can achieve good @entity410 control. The sleep EEG is helpful in predicting eventual @entity410 control.

title: XXXX complex and @entity302 : prognostic significance of electroencephalography and magnetic resonance imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['Tuberous sclerosis', 'tuberous sclerosis complex']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas', 'hamartoma burden']

answer: @entity2916 :: (MESH:D014402,Disease) :: ['Tuberous sclerosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 , and @entity3298 (PFAPA) is a @entity221 that is often cured by tonsillectomy (TE). We hypothesized that microbes present in the tonsils may act as a trigger for the activation of inflammasomes and investigated the microbiology of the tonsils in PFAPA @entity1 and controls. We recruited 31 consecutive @entity1 who underwent TE due to PFAPA; 24 @entity1 who underwent TE due to other reasons served as controls. We cultured all the samples for bacteria, mycobacteria, @entity375 , and viruses and used PCR for 15 viruses. Also biofilm formation and histologic findings were identified. The samples of the @entity1 yielded @entity5132 more often than did the controls (16 vs 0%, p  =  0.003). @entity794 occurred in only 10% of the @entity1 , but in 38% of the controls (p  =  0.01). @entity4091 occurred less often in @entity1 than in controls. Biofilm was present in 55% of PFAPA tonsils, but in only 24% of the controls (p  =  0.03). The microbes found in the tonsils of PFAPA @entity1 showed significant differences from those of controls. This may in part explain the efficacy of TE in PFAPA.

title: Microbes of the tonsils in PFAPA ( @entity221 , @entity3136 , @entity7551 and XXXX ) syndrome - a possible trigger of febrile episodes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3136 :: ('MESH:D013280', 'Disease') :: ['Aphtous stomatitis']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['Pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity4091 :: ('MESH:D006562', 'Disease') :: ['Varicella zoster and Herpes simplex viruses']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic Fever', 'childhood febrile syndrome']

answer: @entity3298 :: (MESH:D008199,Disease) :: ['Adenitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the availability of diverse job accommodations (or flexible @entity1442 ) and to describe their use among @entity1 with @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), as well as to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations. METHODS: A mail survey was sent to adult @entity1252 @entity1 receiving care from a @entity1252 clinic based in Toronto, Canada. The survey assessed demographic information, self-reported disease activity, work history, workplace activity limitations, job strain, and the availability and use of job accommodations. Standard multivariable linear regression analysis was used to examine factors associated with the use of job accommodations. RESULTS: We received 362 responses of 604 mailed surveys (60% response rate). @entity1 who were employed within the last 5 years, but who were not currently working, were less likely than currently employed @entity1 to report having had job accommodations available to them at their last place of employment. The use of job accommodations was reported by 70% of currently employed respondents and by 72% of those not currently employed. The most common job accommodation used was sick leave days. Factors positively associated with the use of job accommodations among those who were employed included higher levels of education, being diagnosed with @entity239 , at least 1 episode of short-term work disability, not belonging to a union, greater workplace activity limitations, and greater job strain. CONCLUSION: The use of job accommodations among @entity1 with @entity1252 is common. Work context factors, such as workplace activity limitations and job strain, are the main factors associated with the use of job accommodations.

title: Job Accommodations Availability and Utilization Among XXXX With Lupus: An Examination of Workplace Activity Limitations and Work Context Factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['working arrangements']

entities_list: @entity239 :: ('MESH:D005356', 'Disease') :: ['fibromyalgia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus', 'lupus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: Electrical synapses are neuronal gap junctions that mediate fast transmission in many neural circuits. The structural proteins of gap junctions are the products of two multigene families. Connexins are unique to chordates; innexins/pannexins encode gap-junction proteins in prechordates and chordates. A concentric array of six protein subunits constitutes a hemichannel; electrical synapses result from the docking of hemichannels in pre- and postsynaptic neurons. Some electrical synapses are bidirectional; others are rectifying junctions that preferentially transmit depolarizing current anterogradely. The phenomenon of rectification was first described five decades ago, but the molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that putative rectifying electrical synapses in the @entity238 Giant Fiber System are assembled from two products of the @entity71385 gene @entity38371 . @entity38371 (Neural+16) is required presynaptically in the Giant Fiber to couple this cell to its postsynaptic targets that express @entity38371 (Lethal). When expressed in vitro in neighboring cells, @entity38371 (Neural+16) and @entity38371 (Lethal) form heterotypic channels that are asymmetrically gated by voltage and exhibit classical rectification. These data provide the most definitive evidence to date that rectification is achieved by differential regulation of the pre- and postsynaptic elements of structurally asymmetric junctions.

title: Molecular mechanism of rectification at identified electrical synapses in the XXXX giant fiber system.

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, it is sometimes observed that @entity1 in whom @entity302 ( @entity302 ) cease, develop another @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ). METHODS: In order to determine how many @entity1 develop new @entity1109 post diagnosis and whether @entity1 whose attacks cease are more likely to do so, new @entity1109 were recorded 6-12 months after the diagnosis of @entity302 in 187 consecutive @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with baseline, the overall proportion of @entity1 with @entity1109 increased slightly, from 70.1% to 76.5%, with 44/187 @entity1 (23.5%) developing new @entity1109 . There were no significant differences between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Binary logistic regression analysis showed that predictors of new @entity1109 diverged between attack free and non-attack free @entity1 . Among @entity1 continuing to have attacks, those with previous health related psychological @entity130 were 18.00 times more likely to develop new @entity1109 (p<0.0005). In @entity1 who became attack free, @entity1 drawing disability benefits were 5.04 times more likely to have new @entity1109 (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that almost 25% of @entity1 develop new @entity1109 following a diagnosis of @entity302 , although most of those have @entity1109 pre-diagnosis. @entity1 with a history of health related psychological @entity130 whose attacks continue after diagnosis are at particularly high risk of developing new @entity1109 . The data do not support the hypothesis that @entity302 that resolve are likely to be 'replaced' by other @entity1109 .

title: Do @entity1 whose XXXX resolve, 'replace' them with other medically unexplained symptoms? Medically unexplained symptoms arising after a diagnosis of @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['medically unexplained symptom', 'MUS']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['PNES', 'psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['psychogenic non-epileptic seizures']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the change in reading-performance parameters after implantation of the Kamra small-aperture intracorneal inlay over a 2-year follow-up. SETTING: University Eye Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: This study comprised naturally emmetropic presbyopic @entity1 . Bilateral reading acuity, reading distance, reading speed, and the smallest log-scaled sentence were evaluated in a standardized testing procedure using the Salzburg Reading Desk. The minimum postoperative follow-up was 24 months. RESULTS: The study enrolled 32 @entity1 . The reading desk results showed a significant improvement in each parameter tested. After a mean follow-up of 24.2 months    0.8 (SD), the mean reading distance changed from the preoperative value of 48.1    5.5 cm to 38.9    6.3 cm (P < .0001), the mean reading acuity at best distance improved from 0.3    0.14 logRAD to 0.24    0.11 logRAD (P < .000001), and the mean reading speed increased from 142    13 words per minute (wpm) to 149    17 wpm (P=.029). One @entity1 @entity20240 line, and 1 @entity1 had no change. The improvement was up to 6 log-scaled lines (mean improvement 2.7    1.6 lines) in the other 30 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: After implantation of the small-aperture intracorneal inlay, there was an improvement in all tested reading performance parameters in emmetropic presbyopic @entity1 ; the improvement was the result of an increased depth of field. These 2-year results indicate that the inlay is an effective treatment for @entity10818 .

title: Reading performance after implantation of a small-aperture corneal inlay for the surgical correction of XXXX : Two-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10818 :: ('MESH:D011305', 'Disease') :: ['presbyopia']

answer: @entity10818 :: (MESH:D011305,Disease) :: ['presbyopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small size at birth is associated with @entity65 in adult life. Decreased fetal growth may result from a limitation in the nutrient supply to the fetus. Net tissue deposition in the mother and fetus increases the demand for @entity1568 , but because maternal consumption of protein does not increase, there must be a change in the partitioning of @entity1522 , away from oxidation and toward deposition. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize @entity535 oxidation in pregnancy and to investigate whether the relative partitioning of @entity1522 was related to fetal growth. DESIGN: We determined @entity535 oxidation as @entity1133 production in 25 @entity1 during mid (17-19 wk) and late (26-29 wk) gestation. @entity1133 production was measured from urinary [ @entity13140 -(15)N]urea excretion over 48 h after a single oral dose of [ @entity13140 -(15)N]urea. We measured the @entity1 's size at birth. RESULTS: For the group as a whole, @entity1133 excretion decreased and @entity535 oxidation remained similar between mid and late pregnancy, but there was wide variation between the @entity1 . Heavier @entity1 were born to the mothers in whom @entity535 oxidation decreased the most during pregnancy (slope of regression line: -80 g x g N(-1) x d(-1); 95% CI: -129, -31; P = 0.003). After adjustment for length of gestation and the @entity1 's sex, the change in maternal @entity535 oxidation explained 34% of the variation in birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: @entity535 oxidation varied widely between the @entity1 during pregnancy. Understanding the ability of a pregnant @entity1 to adapt metabolically may have implications for establishing dietary recommendations in pregnancy.

title: Higher weight at birth is related to decreased maternal XXXX oxidation during pregnancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid', 'Amino acid']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine variation in source of information about sexual matters by sociodemographic factors, and associations with sexual behaviours and outcomes. DESIGN: Cross-sectional probability sample survey. SETTING: British general population. @entity1 : 3408 @entity1 and @entity1 , aged 17-24   years, interviewed from 2010-2012 for third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main source of information (school, a parent, other); age and circumstances of first heterosexual intercourse; unsafe sex and distress about sex in past year; experience of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) diagnoses, @entity5852 ( @entity1 only) ever. RESULTS: Citing school was associated with younger age, higher educational level and having lived with both parents. Citing a parent was associated, in @entity1 , with lower educational level and having lived with one parent. Relative to other sources, citing school was associated with older age at first sex (adjusted HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.83) @entity1 , 0.73 (0.65 to 0.82) @entity1 ), lower likelihood of unsafe sex (adjusted OR 0.58 (0.44 to 0.77) @entity1 , 0.69 (0.52 to 0.91) @entity1 ) and previous @entity2953 diagnosis (0.55 (0.33 to 0.91) @entity1 , 0.58 (0.43 to 0.80) @entity1 ) and, in @entity1 , with lower likelihood of lack of sexual competence at first sex; and experience of non-volitional sex, abortion and distress about sex. Citing a parent was associated with lower likelihood of unsafe sex (0.53 (0.28 to 1.00) @entity1 ; 0.69 (0.48 to 0.99) @entity1 ) and, in @entity1 , previous @entity2953 diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Gaining information mainly from school was associated with lower reporting of a range of negative @entity458 , particularly among @entity1 . Gaining information mainly from a parent was associated with some of these, but fewer cited parents as a primary source. The findings emphasise the benefit of school and parents providing information about sexual matters and argue for a stronger focus on the needs of @entity1 .

title: Associations between source of information about sex and XXXX in Britain: findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5852 :: ('MESH:D000031', 'Disease') :: ['non-volitional sex or abortion']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STI', 'sexually transmitted infection']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual health outcomes']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['sexual health outcomes']


abstract: Cytokines may facilitate lymphocyte traffic by modulating @entity4973 structure and lymphocyte binding function in accordance with local tissue requirements. This study investigated whether the morphology of HEVs and their lymphocyte binding ligand are altered following antigenic challenge and evaluated the role of @entity60 in the induction of such changes. The morphology and lymphocyte binding function of mesenteric LN HEVs of GFM exposed to environmental pathogens were compared to those from GFM and conventional @entity19 . Lymph nodes from all @entity19 had microscopically identifiable HEVs. The morphology of HEVs from GFM was not uniform; many HEVs contained flat endothelial cells with sparse cytoplasm and prominent interendothelial gaps. The number of lymphocytes within the lumen and the @entity4973 wall was low. In contrast, HEVs from GFME and conventional @entity19 were characterized by cuboidal endothelial cells with plentiful cytoplasm and large numbers of lymphocytes in the vessel wall and lumen. There was no delineation of interendothelial cell borders. Lymphocyte binding to HEVs of lymph node sections from GFM was reduced (mean +/- SEM: 1.08 +/- 0.15) compared to that of conventional @entity19 (1.91 +/- 0.20), P less than 0.003. GFME had augmented lymphocyte binding (2.23 +/- 0.26) to levels comparable with those of conventional @entity19 . GFM injected intraperitoneally with @entity60 , IFN-alpha beta, or diluent resulted in minor changes in @entity4973 morphology. By contrast, lymphocyte binding to @entity4973 of GFM was more than doubled by the injection of @entity60 (1.95 +/- 0.25), P less than 0.01, but not IFN-alpha beta (0.54 +/- 0.07) or the relevant diluent controls (0.89 +/- 0.11, 0.56 +/- 0.06, respectively). It appears that the @entity4973 binding ligand is inducible, and its expression is regulated by at least one immunomodulator, @entity60 . Although short-term exposure of HEVs to @entity60 influenced @entity4973 function it caused only minor changes in morphology.

title: High endothelial venule morphology and function are inducible in germ-free @entity19 : a possible role for XXXX .

answer: @entity60 :: (15978(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interferon-gamma']


abstract: A 53-year-old male who was being followed up by a nephrology department because of type V crescentic @entity631 was admitted with abdominal @entity158 to our clinic. He was diagnosed with @entity1028 after the examinations. Aortic repair with a tubular graft was performed. Pathological examination of the @entity439 tissue showed @entity364 . We started antifungal chemotherapy with @entity2379 . A separation of the graft body occurred, and the @entity1 was reoperated on. An excision of the graft, ligation of the aorta, and axillobifemoral graft by-pass was performed. At the 15(th) month of his discharge, the @entity1 was readmitted to the emergency room of our clinic suffering from hematemesis. According to the examinations, an aortoduodenal @entity292 was diagnosed, and we performed a partial duodenal resection and end-to-end duodenoduodenostomy. We want to share this unusual, interesting, and complicated case, operated on several times because of a @entity5880 due to a @entity364 .

title: A real @entity5880 of the abdominal aorta due to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5880 :: ('MESH:D000785', 'Disease') :: ['mycotic aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal infection', 'fungal hyphae']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']

answer: @entity364 :: (MESH:D009181,Disease) :: ['fungal infection']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 with progressive @entity11460 and multiple system @entity194 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity854 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity1494 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity1163 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity409 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity1494 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity179 .

title: @entity409 in progressive @entity11460 with multiple system XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder filling', 'bladder neck incompetence']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['urethral dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1163 :: ('MESH:D013575', 'Disease') :: ['voluntary micturition']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Three fundamental abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative diseases of the nervous system']

entities_list: @entity11460 :: ('MESH:D012791', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic failure']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['atrophy']


abstract: To asses the characteristics of severe action @entity2045 in three @entity1 with @entity3148 ( @entity3148 ) due to @entity4085 . We assessed EEG-EMG coherence, relative power (RP) and bandwidth (BW) of the EMG-peak associated with @entity2045 ; we also evaluated somatosensory evoked potentials and long-loop reflexes (LLRs). We compared the findings with those obtained in ten @entity16045 ( @entity16045 ) @entity1 . The presentation of @entity4085 included macular cherry-red spot, @entity600 and @entity305 in the infantile form and @entity1952 in the juvenile form. From its onset in adolescence @entity2045 rapidly worsened, quickly leading to severe disability. In @entity4085 @entity1 , the EMG-peak was characterised by higher RP (p<0.01) and narrower BW (p<0.02) than in @entity16045 . EEG-EMG coherence values were higher (p<0.05) than in @entity16045 @entity1 . Taking into account both @entity4085 and @entity16045 @entity1 , the coherence values and the RP of the EMG-peak were directly correlated with the severity of the @entity2045 ; while BW values were inversely correlated. All these measures showed extreme values in @entity4085 @entity1 . In the @entity4085 @entity1 , the strongly rhythmic recurrence of the jerks reflected on LLR, which included multiple components. Subtle differences indicate an especially high level of cortical motor synchronization in the @entity4085 @entity1 , which may account for their particularly severe @entity73 . Neurophysiological indexes indicating high EEG-EMG synchronization parallels the severity of the @entity2045 .

title: Characterization of severe action XXXX in sialidoses.

entities_list: @entity16045 :: ('MESH:D020194', 'Disease') :: ['Unverricht-Lundborg', 'UL']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['motor impairment']

entities_list: @entity4085 :: ('MESH:D009081', 'Disease') :: ['sialidosis']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathy']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal malformation']

entities_list: @entity3148 :: ('MESH:D004831', 'Disease') :: ['progressive myoclonus epilepsy', 'PME']

answer: @entity2045 :: (MESH:D009207,Disease) :: ['myoclonus']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To characterize perceived voice handicap of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity194 and review treatment success. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Two hundred seventy-five @entity1 diagnosed with @entity194 (January 2007-January 2009) were reviewed from a preexisting clinical database. Outcome measures included pre/post-treatment Voice Handicap Index-10 and data from a voice therapy discharge survey. RESULTS: Five groups emerged from the data set. Group A: @entity1 who had no follow-up (69%). After removing group A from the data set, the following groups emerged: group B: @entity1 who had no treatment but some follow-up (31%); group C: @entity1 who had voice therapy only (44%); group D: @entity1 who had surgery only (15%); and group E: @entity1 who had voice therapy first and subsequent surgery (9%). The perceived voice handicap severity was worse for groups C and D compared to groups A, B, and E. Treatment success outcomes showed that groups C (36%), D (56%), and E (17%) only improved marginally. However, 81% of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity194 believed that voice therapy helped them but only by 48%. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment success for age-related @entity194 is poor to moderately poor for this cohort of @entity1 .

title: Treatment success for age-related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'vocal fold atrophy']

answer: @entity194 :: (MESH:D001284,Disease) :: ['vocal fold atrophy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advances in vascular reconstruction devices and coil technologies have made coil embolization a popular and effective strategy for treatment of relatively wide-neck @entity438 . However, coil protrusion occurs occasionally, and little is known about the frequency, the risk factors and the risk of @entity887 . METHOD: We assessed the frequency and the risk factors for coil protrusion in 330 unruptured @entity439 cases, and examined the occurrence of @entity385 by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). RESULT: Forty-four instances of coil protrusion were encountered during coil embolization (13.3% of cases), but incidence was reduced to 33 (10% of cases) by balloon press or insertion of the next coil. Coil protrusion occurred more frequently during the last phase of the procedure, and both a wide neck (large fundus to neck ratio) (OR   =   1.84, P   =   0.03) and an inadequately stable neck frame (OR   =   5.49, P   =   0.0007) increased protrusion risk. Coil protrusions did not increase the incidence of high-intensity lesions ( @entity1188 ) on DW-MRI (33.3% vs 29% of cases with no coil protrusion). However, longer operation time did increase infarct risk (P   =   0.0003). Thus, tail or loop type coil protrusion did not increase the risk of @entity887 , if adequate blood flow was maintained. CONCLUSION: Coil protrusion tended to occur more frequently in cases of @entity439 with loose neck framing. Moderate and less coil protrusion carries no additional thrombo-embolic risk, if blood flow is maintained, which can be aided by additional post-operative antiplatelet therapy.

title: Risk factors for coil protrusion into the parent artery and associated XXXX following @entity438 .

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['thrombo-embolic complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['wide-neck aneurysms', 'aneurysm embolization']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity887 :: (MESH:D004617,Disease) :: ['thrombo-embolic events']


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with immunosuppressive properties. They have emerged as a very promising treatment for @entity792 and @entity32 such as @entity309 . Recent data have identified that @entity2841 -expressing CD4   T cells and Th17 cells have critical roles in the pathogenesis of @entity625 and other @entity32 . Although many studies have demonstrated that MSCs can either prevent or suppress @entity32 , no studies have addressed their modulation on @entity2841 -expressing CD4   T cells and on the plasticity of Th17 cells. To address this, a single dose of @entity1 expanded adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (eASCs) was administered to @entity19 with established collagen-induced @entity625 . A beneficial effect was observed soon after the infusion of the eASCs as shown by a significant decrease in the severity of @entity625 . This was accompanied by reduced number of pathogenic @entity2841 (+) CD4(+) T cells in the spleen and peripheral blood and by an increase in the number of different subsets of regulatory T cells like @entity403 (+) CD4(+) T cells and @entity688 (+) @entity4155 (-) CD4(+) T cells in the draining lymph nodes (LNs). Interestingly, increased numbers of Th17 cells coexpressing @entity688 were also found in draining LNs. These results demonstrate that eASCs ameliorated @entity625 after the onset of the disease by reducing the total number of pathogenic @entity2841 (+) CD4(+) T and by increasing the number of different subsets of regulatory T cells in draining LNs, including Th17 cells expressing @entity688 . All these cellular responses, ultimately, lead to the reestablishment of the regulatory/inflammatory balance in the draining LNs.

title: XXXX Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Experimental Autoimmune @entity625 by Modifying Early Adaptive T Cell Responses.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: Rapid growth in the field of stem cell research has generated a lot of interest in their therapeutic use, especially in the treatment of @entity179 . Specifically, @entity1 neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), unique in their capability to differentiate into cells of the neural lineage, have been widely investigated due to their ability to survive, thrive, and migrate toward injured tissues. Still, one of the major roadblocks for clinical applicability arises from the inability to monitor these cells following transplantation. Molecular imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have been explored to assess hNPC transplant location, migration, and survival. Here we investigated whether inducing hNPCs to overexpress ferritin (hNPCs(Fer)), an @entity68 storage protein, is sufficient to track these cells long term in the @entity35 striatum using MRI. We found that @entity101 on MRI images could establish hNPC(Fer) location. Unexpectedly, however, wild-type hNPC transplants were detected in a similar manner, which is likely due to increased @entity68 accumulation following transplantation-induced damage. Hence, we labeled hNPCs with superparamagnetic @entity1933 (SPIO) nanoparticles to further increase @entity68 content in an attempt to enhance cell contrast in MRI. SPIO-labeling of hNPCs (hNPCs-SPIO) achieved @entity101 , with significantly greater area of decreased T2* compared to hNPC(Fer) (p   <   0.0001) and all other controls used. However, none of the techniques could be used to determine graft rejection in vivo, which is imperative for understanding cell behavior following transplantation. We conclude that in order for cell survival to be monitored in preclinical and clinical settings, another molecular imaging technique must be employed, including perhaps multimodal imaging, which would utilize MRI along with another imaging modality.

title: In Vivo Tracking of @entity1 Neural Progenitor Cells in the XXXX Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Not Enhanced by Ferritin Expression.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased hypointensity']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative diseases']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The US @entity4760 ( @entity4760 ) incidence is 3-4% of 22.3 million diagnosed @entity6 cases plus 6.3 million undiagnosed, 858 000 cases total. Risk of recurrence after healing is 30% annually. @entity1746 ( @entity5663 ) surgery reduces neuropathic @entity4760 (nDFU) recurrence risk by >80%. Cost effectiveness of hypothetical @entity5663 implementation to minimize nDFU recurrence is compared to the current  6.171 billion annual nDFU expense. A literature review identified best estimates of annual incidence, recurrence risk, medical management expense, and noneconomic costs for @entity4760 . Illustrative cost/benefit calculations were performed assuming widespread application of bilateral @entity5663 after wound healing to the nDFU problem, using Center for Medicare Services mean expense data of  1143/case for unilateral lower extremity @entity5663 . Calculations use conservative, evidence-based cost figures, which are contemporary (2012) or adjusted for inflation. Widespread adoption of @entity5663 after nDFU healing could reduce annual @entity4760 occurrences by at least 21% in the third year and 24% by year 5, representing calculated cost savings of  1.296 billion (year 3) to  1.481 billion (year 5). This scenario proffers significant expense reduction and societal benefit, and represents a minimum 1.9* return on the investment cost for surgical treatment. Further large cost savings would require reductions in initial @entity4760 incidence, which @entity5663 might achieve by selective application to advanced @entity3949 ( @entity3949 ). By minimizing the contribution of recurrences to yearly nDFU incidence, @entity5663 has potential to reduce by nearly  1 billion the annual cost of @entity4760 treatment in the United States.

title: Illustration of Cost Saving Implications of Lower Extremity Nerve Decompression to Prevent Recurrence of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3949 :: ('MESH:D003929', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy', 'DSPN']

entities_list: @entity1746 :: ('MESH:D020335', 'Disease') :: ['Lower extremity multiple nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity4760 :: ('MESH:D017719', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot ulcer', 'DFU']

answer: @entity4760 :: (MESH:D017719,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Foot Ulceration']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity712 with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is prevalent and often accompanied by the @entity209 . Current treatment options are limited. Here we test the hypothesis that combined A1/A2B @entity859 receptor blockade is beneficial in obese ZSF1 @entity35 , an animal model of HFpEF with the @entity209 . @entity72447 , a combined A1/A2B receptor antagonist, was administered orally (10 mg/kg/day) to obese ZSF1 @entity35 (n=10) for 24 weeks (from 20 to 44 weeks-of-age). Untreated ZSF1 @entity35 (n=9) served as controls. After 24 weeks of administration, @entity72447 significantly lowered plasma @entity1674 (mg/dL: Control Group, 4351    550; @entity72447 Group, 2900    551) without adversely affecting plasma @entity165 or activating renin release. @entity72447 significantly decreased 24-hour urinary @entity413 excretion (mg/kg/day: Control Group, 823    179; @entity72447 Group, 196    80) and improved oral @entity413 tolerance, @entity4683 , and @entity2011 . @entity72447 significantly augmented left ventricular diastolic function in association with a @entity299 and @entity299 . @entity72447 significantly reduced 24-hour urinary protein excretion (mg/kg/day: Control Group, 1702    263; @entity72447 Group, 1076    238), and this was associated with a reduction in @entity628 , @entity194 , @entity384 , and deposition of proteinaceous material in the tubules. These findings show that in a model of HFpEF with the @entity209 , A1/A2B receptor inhibition improves @entity407 , exerts antidiabetic actions, reduces HFpEF, improves cardiac histopathology, and affords renal protection. We conclude that chronic administration of combined A1/A2B receptor antagonists could be beneficial in @entity1 with HFpEF, particularly those with comorbidities such as @entity28 , @entity6 , and @entity2299 .

title: Dual A1/A2B Receptor Blockade Improves Cardiac and Renal Outcomes in a @entity35 Model of XXXX with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['tubular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemias']

entities_list: @entity4683 :: ('MESH:D059606', 'Disease') :: ['polydipsia']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['tubular atrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in cardiac vasculitis', 'cardiac necrosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: CONCLUSION: This method is an easy, non-expensive, and effective technique in bilateral @entity3746 to improve glottic airway and clinical performance. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of 'suture arytenoid laterofixation' surgery in bilateral @entity3746 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity1 ' medical history undergoing 'suture arytenoid laterofixation' surgery for bilateral @entity3746 . This technique was applied under general anesthesia with both microlaryngoscopy and video-monitoring. Two 16 g needles and one 1/0 nylon thread were used for the procedure with 1 cm skin incision; no tracheotomy or tissue excision was required. Pre-post-operative photographs of the glottic region were taken from the endoscopic records, and the areas of rima glottis openings were calculated with the Image-J programme. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity1 were analyzed. The mean pre-post-operative rima glottis areas were 1.11    0.56 and 2.24    0.93 mm(2), respectively (p < 0.001). Five @entity1 with previous tracheotomy were decannulated within a few days after the operation. In three @entity1 , mild complications developed in the early post-operative period (two @entity4 , one @entity1410 ). Tracheotomy was performed to only one pregnant @entity1 in the post-operative first day. None of the @entity1 had granulation formation or @entity5862 .

title: Glottic airway gain after 'suture arytenoid laterofixation' in bilateral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal edemas']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['submucosal hematoma']

entities_list: @entity3746 :: ('MESH:D014826', 'Disease') :: ['vocal cord paralysis']

answer: @entity3746 :: (MESH:D014826,Disease) :: ['vocal cord paralysis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Considering the rates of @entity1164 ( @entity1164 ) and @entity204 ( @entity204 ) in @entity712 ( @entity712 ) @entity1 and the cost-effectiveness of their preventing treatments, identification of @entity712 @entity1 at risk is an important challenge. In this work, we studied the prognostic performance of the combination of an index potentially related to dispersion of repolarization restitution (  a), an index quantifying T-wave alternans (IAA) and the slope of heart rate turbulence ( @entity1950 ) for classification of @entity1164 and @entity204 . METHODS: Holter ECG recordings of 597 @entity712 @entity1 with sinus rhythm enrolled in the MUSIC study were analyzed and   a, IAA and @entity1950 were obtained. A strategy was implemented using support vector machines (SVM) to classify @entity1 in three groups: @entity1164 victims, @entity204 victims and other @entity1 (the latter including survivors and victims of non-cardiac causes). Cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the implemented classifier. RESULTS:   a and IAA, dichotomized at 0.035 (dimensionless) and 3.73  V, respectively, were the ECG markers most strongly associated with @entity1164 , while @entity1950 , dichotomized at 2.5 ms/RR, was the index most strongly related to @entity204 . When separating @entity1164 victims from the rest of @entity1 , the individual marker with best performance was   a>= 0.035, which, for a fixed specificity (Sp) of 90%, showed a sensitivity (Se) value of 10%, while the combination of   a and IAA increased Se to 18%. For separation of @entity204 victims from the rest of @entity1 , the best individual marker was @entity1950  <= 2.5 ms/RR, which, for Sp=90%, showed a Se of 26%, this value being lower than Se=34%, produced by the combination of   a and @entity1950 . Furthermore, when performing SVM classification into the three reported groups, the optimal combination of risk markers led to a maximum Sp of 79% (Se=18%) for @entity1164 and Sp of 81% (Se=14%) for @entity204 . CONCLUSIONS: The results shown in this work suggest that it is possible to efficiently discriminate @entity1164 and @entity204 in a population of @entity712 @entity1 using ECG-derived risk markers like   a, @entity1950 and IAA.

title: Automatic SVM classification of XXXX and @entity204 from autonomic and repolarization ECG markers.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death', 'SCD']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['PFD', 'pump failure death']

answer: @entity1164 :: (MESH:D016757,Disease) :: ['sudden cardiac death']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare structural outcomes, visual function, refraction, and frequency of follow-up for @entity1 with type 1 @entity989 of @entity3465 in zone I or zone II posterior treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) versus laser. METHODS: The medical records of @entity1 treated with IVB or laser photocoagulation at our institution from January 2009 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Only @entity1 with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up were included. Outcome measures were structural outcome, visual acuity, and spherical equivalent (SE) at corrected age of 1 year. The frequency of follow-up visits during 9 months after treatment was evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 23 eyes of 13 @entity1 were treated with IVB and 22 eyes of 12 @entity1 were treated with laser. There was no statistically significant difference in gestational age or birth weight between groups. None developed unfavorable structural outcome. Mean visual acuity was 0.99    0.38 logMAR for the IVB group and 0.71    0.36 logMAR for the laser group (P = 0.34; 95% CI, -0.52 to 0.19). Mean spherical equivalent was -3.57    6.19 D for the IVB group and -6.39    4.41 D for the laser group (P = 0.33; 95% CI, -7.19 to 2.49). In the IVB group, @entity1 had an average of 16.00    6.00 follow-up visits; in the laser group, 6.00    3.00 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Both treatments resulted in good structural outcome, and no difference in visual acuity or  refraction. However, more frequent follow-up was observed in the IVB group.

title: Treatment of type 1 XXXX of @entity3465 with  bevacizumab versus laser.

entities_list: @entity3465 :: ('MESH:C536271', 'Disease') :: ['prematurity']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

answer: @entity989 :: (MESH:D012164,Disease) :: ['retinopathy']


abstract: To confirm whether sex-linked genes of the @entity12638 are dosage compensated or not, we investigated three RAPDs and one RFLP marker which have been mapped to the Z chromosome as candidate genes to test for dosage compensation. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that one of the RAPDs, T15.180a, is transcribed into several mRNAs in the embryo, midgut, Malpighian tubule, testis and ovary. Southern blot analysis revealed that T15.180a is present at one copy in the genome. Sequence data showed that T15.180a contained two open-reading frames (ORFs) separated by an intron of 605 bp. These ORFs encoded a possible polypeptide of 445 @entity1522 containing the @entity1521 cluster. These results suggested that T15.180a is part of a functional gene on the Z chromosome of the @entity12638 . We have called this gene T15, and compared its transcriptional level between males and females. Northern blot analysis showed that the level of T15 mRNA in males was twice that of females. For a more precise analysis, the levels of transcription from both alleles of T15 ( @entity70744 , @entity70745 ) were measured by the single- @entity377 primer extension (SNuPE) assay. The results indicated that the amount of transcription from each T15 allele in both sexes (male, @entity70744 / @entity70745 ; female, @entity70744 /W) was equivalent. All the results suggest that sex-linked genes in the @entity12638 are not dosage compensated.

title: Absence of dosage compensation at the transcription level of a sex-linked gene in a female heterogametic insect, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity70744 :: ('p|SUB|T|15|P', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['T15P']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity12638 :: (7091,Species) :: ['Bombyx mori']


abstract: The hyaluronidase first isolated from @entity1 plasma, @entity9906 , is expressed in many somatic tissues. The @entity9906 gene, @entity9906 , also known as @entity9906 , maps to chromosome 3p21.3 within a candidate @entity5 suppressor gene locus defined by homozygous deletions and by functional @entity5 suppressor activity. Hemizygosity in this region occurs in many @entity5 , including @entity957 of the head and neck. We have investigated whether cell lines derived from such @entity5 expressed @entity9906 activity, using normal @entity1 keratinocytes as controls. @entity9906 enzyme activity and protein were absent or markedly reduced in six of seven @entity189 cell lines examined. Comparative genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified chromosomal deletions of one allele of @entity9906 in six of seven cell lines. Initial RT - PCR analyses demonstrated marked discrepancies between levels of @entity9906 mRNA and protein. Despite repeated sequence analyses, no mutations were found. However, two species of transcripts were identified when primers were used that included the 5' untranslated region. The predominant mRNA species did not correlate with protein translation and contained a retained intron. A second spliced form lacking this intron was found only in cell lines that produced @entity9906 protein. Inactivation of @entity9906 in these @entity5 lines is a result of incomplete splicing of its pre-mRNA that appears to be epigenetic in nature. Oncogene (2000) 19, 870 - 877.

title: HYAL1LUCA-1, a candidate XXXX suppressor gene on chromosome 3p21.3, is inactivated in head and neck @entity957 by aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignancies']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The reported frequency of @entity2631 M01-R renal crisis ( @entity7242 ) in @entity7087 (SSc; @entity2631 ) is 15-20%. Early use of @entity1289 ( @entity1289 ) inhibitors has markedly improved outcome. The present analysis reexamines the prognostic factors for and outcome of @entity7242 in a prospective cohort of @entity1 with early diffuse SSc. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the cohort of SSc @entity1 who participated in the High-Dose Versus Low-Dose @entity2361 in Early Diffuse SSc trial. @entity1 with @entity7087 were enrolled if their disease duration was <18 months. Because the trial failed to show a difference between treatment groups, the data were pooled. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four SSc @entity1 entered the observation period a mean +/- SD of 0.8 +/- 0.3 years after onset of SSc. @entity7242 occurred in 18 @entity1 a mean +/- SD of 0.9 +/- 1.1 years after entry. During a mean +/- SD 4.0 +/- 1.1 years of followup after entry, 9 of the 18 @entity1 died (mean +/- SD 0.6 +/- 0.9 years after @entity7242 onset). Baseline characteristics that predicted @entity7242 included a modified Rodnan skin thickness score of >or=20 (P < 0.01), enlarged cardiac silhouette on radiograph (P = 0.04), @entity1159 (wrist, elbow, knee) (P = 0.008), and @entity229 use at entry (P = 0.01). Baseline characteristics that did not predict @entity7242 included age, sex, race, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, fist closure, handspread, lung involvement, @entity425 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count. In 5 of 10 subjects for whom at least 2 sequential skin scores were available, skin scores increased significantly (P = 0.012) in the 6 months before onset of @entity7242 . CONCLUSION: @entity7242 occurred in 13% of @entity1 soon (mean 11 months) after entry into the cohort. Predictors of @entity7242 identified in this study included higher than average skin score, @entity229 use at study entry, @entity1159 , and @entity1283 . Our data suggest, however, that low-dose @entity229 alone was not associated with the onset of @entity7242 , except in the appropriate clinical setting. Although @entity1289 inhibitors and dialysis are now readily available, @entity7242 continues to be associated with poor survival (in this study, 50% of @entity1 with @entity7242 died).

title: Predictors and outcomes of scleroderma renal crisis: the high-dose versus low-dose @entity2361 in early XXXX trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity1283 :: ('MESH:D006332', 'Disease') :: ['heart enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2361 :: ('MESH:D010396', 'Chemical') :: ['D-Penicillamine']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscle weakness']

entities_list: @entity1159 :: ('MESH:D003286', 'Disease') :: ['large joint contractures']

entities_list: @entity7087 :: ('MESH:D045743', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse cutaneous scleroderma', 'diffuse systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity7087 :: (MESH:D045743,Disease) :: ['diffuse systemic sclerosis']


abstract: Cases of severe pregnancy-induced @entity101 or @entity3036 were studied in forty-five @entity1 by catheterization of the right side of the heart to define the presenting hemodynamic profile associated with this disorder. These @entity1 could not be easily categorized into one specific hemodynamic pattern. Most @entity1 had high-normal to elevated systemic vascular resistance indices (mean 2726 +/- 120 dynes.sec.cm-5.m2). The mean cardiac index was 4.14 +/- 0.13 L.min-1.m2. The severity of @entity101 was largely attributable to a disproportionate rise in the systolic component (mean 193 +/- 3 mm Hg) compared with diastolic blood pressure (mean 110 +/- 3 mm Hg). @entity1 with @entity3036 had significantly lower arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance indices when compared with those of the rest of the study group. Analysis of Starling curves indicated that all @entity1 had normal or @entity1002 . A modest correlation was observed between central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.59). This disparity most likely results from the maintenance of normal to high cardiac output in the presence of an increased left ventricular afterload. The majority of @entity1 with severe pregnancy-induced @entity101 do have normal to high cardiac indices and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures accompanied by normal or @entity1002 . This is true despite the presence of severe @entity101 .

title: Hemodynamic profile of severe pregnancy-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['hyperdynamic left ventricular function']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After 3 to 6 months of conservative management for insertional @entity730 , operative intervention might be warranted. Despite a success rate of 75% to 100% with surgery, no consensus has been reached on the amount of acceptable detachment of the Achilles tendon. The present case series reports on the results of a central splitting approach with 80% to 90% detachment of the Achilles insertion repaired with a double-row bridging suture device. A total of 14 @entity1 (16 heels) for whom nonoperative management for insertional @entity730 had previously failed were enrolled in the present study they had undergone surgical management. The @entity1 were followed up for a mean of 18 (range 11 to 25) months postoperatively and were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hind Foot scoring system, 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire, and pre- and postoperative visual analog @entity158 scale. The mean visual analog @entity158 scale core had decreased 5.84 (range 1 to 9) points postoperatively (p < .001). The mean postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hind Foot score was 87      19.7 (range 52 to 105) points. One @entity1 reported moderate @entity158 with no limitation of activities. The mean 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score for physical functioning was 77.7 (range 30 to 100) points postoperatively in 11 @entity1 . No @entity1 reported incisional discomfort. All 14 @entity1 (16 heels) reported being satisfied and had returned to their previous functional status. Thus, the central splitting Achilles approach with anchoring of the Achilles insertion using the double-row suture device is a safe and reasonable option in the operative treatment of insertional @entity730 .

title: Use of a Central Splitting Approach and Near Complete Detachment  for  Insertional XXXX Repaired  With an Achilles Bridging Suture.

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcific Achilles tendinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['Calcific Achilles Tendinopathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity712 is an important cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). Evidence suggests that immune mechanisms contribute to @entity296 and @entity82 , leading to @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ). The purpose of this study was to identify a signature of @entity1002 in @entity1 with @entity309 by analyzing the responsiveness of the innate and adaptive immune systems to stimulation ex vivo. METHODS: @entity309 @entity1 (n=212) enrolled prospectively in a population-based cohort underwent echocardiography, and LV function was classified as normal, mild @entity1002 , or moderate-to-severe @entity1002 . The release of 17 cytokines by blood mononuclear cells in response to stimulation with a panel of 7 stimuli or in media alone was analyzed using multiplex immunoassays. @entity2357 models were used to test for associations between a multicytokine immune response score and @entity1002 , after adjusting for clinical covariates. RESULTS: An 11-cytokine profile effectively differentiated @entity1 with moderate-to-severe @entity1002 from those with normal LV function. An immune response score (range 0-100) was strongly associated with moderate-to-severe @entity1002 (odds ratio per 10 units 1.5 [95% confidence interval 1.2-2.1]) after adjusting for serum @entity650 levels, brain natriuretic peptide values, and glucocorticoid use, as well as other @entity309 characteristics and @entity1002 risk factors. CONCLUSION: The major finding of this study was that aberrant systemic immune responsiveness is associated with advanced @entity296 in @entity1 with @entity309 . The unique information added by the immune response score concerning the likelihood of @entity1002 warrants future longitudinal studies of its value in predicting @entity5122 in myocardial function.

title: A signature of aberrant immune responsiveness identifies XXXX in @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury', 'myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity5122 :: ('MESH:C565430', 'Disease') :: ['future deterioration']

entities_list: @entity2357 :: ('MESH:C537770', 'Disease') :: ['Logistic regression']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVDD', 'left ventricular diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity296 :: (MESH:D009202,Disease) :: ['myocardial dysfunction']


abstract: From Mar. 1958 through Dec. 1977, a series of 48 @entity1 with @entity1893 in the nasal cavity was treated by radiotherapy in our hospital. The incidence of the disease was only 4.8% (48/983) of all @entity706 during the same interval. The ratio of this @entity5 with the @entity706 arising for the nasopharynx, tonsil and the base of the tongue is 1:2, 1:3, 9:1. It has an equal chance of locating on the left or right, but was bilateral in 4 @entity1 . In 4, the nasopharynx; 3, the maxillary antrum and 14, the neighboring soft tissues were invaded. The stage IA and IIA lesions as treated by radiotherapy gave 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 year survival rates of 96%, 82%, 78%, 67% and 44% respectively. Stage IIIA lesions gave a 5 year survival of 25%. All @entity1 with stage IIIB and IV lesions as treated by combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy died within one year. Those involving the neighboring soft tissues and organs could give a 5 year survival of only 25% and 33%. The prognosis was influenced by the stage and radiation technique. The radiation field must be extensive enough to include the whole nasal cavity (cross the middle line by 1 cm), nasopharyx, the ipsilateral maxillary antrum, hard palate and the regional lymphatic areas. An optimum dose of 5000-6000 rad/five-six week is advisable for this kind of @entity5 . It is suggested that total body or hemibody irradiation be advisable for cases with distant metastases. Late sequela of @entity231 calls for meticulous protection of the eye during the initial radiotherapy.

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX of the nasal cavity--report of 48 cases].

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['non-Hodgkin's lymphoma']


abstract: The association of @entity991 and @entity1593 was observed in three @entity1 , an association not previously reported. All three @entity1 were @entity1 who presented with chronic @entity409 at ages 32, 46, and 62 years, respectively. In each @entity1 , endoscopic retrograde cholangiography showed the typical findings of @entity991 . Histologic features of liver biopsy were compatible with the diagnosis. Two @entity1 had associated chronic @entity31 . All three @entity1 complained of frequent loose stools and @entity353 ; subsequent testing showed severe @entity6123 (204 to 323 mmol/d of fecal fat on a 100 g fat diet). @entity194 was found in all three @entity1 on histologic examination of the small bowel. @entity1593 was diagnosed at the time of presentation in two @entity1 who had @entity991 and was diagnosed three years after the onset of @entity991 in the third @entity1 . The @entity1593 responded to a gluten-free diet in each @entity1 whereas the @entity991 was not affected by dietary treatment. The possibility of a chance association of @entity991 and @entity1593 cannot be accurately assessed but seems unlikely given the rarity of both diseases. The relationship between the two diseases remains unknown, although an immunologic connection is suspected. @entity1593 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe @entity6123 in @entity1 with @entity991 .

title: XXXX and @entity1593 . A novel association.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'Celiac disease']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6123 :: ('MESH:D045602', 'Disease') :: ['steatorrhea']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholestatic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['primary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['Total villous atrophy']

answer: @entity991 :: (MESH:D015209,Disease) :: ['Primary sclerosing cholangitis']


abstract: LYMFASIM, a microsimulation model for transmission and control of @entity3754 , was used to simulate the effects of mass treatment, in order to estimate the number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination. Simulations were performed for a community that represented Pondicherry, India, and that had an average precontrol microfilariae (MF) prevalence of 8.5%. When ivermectin was used, 8 yearly treatment rounds with 65% population coverage gave a 99% probability of elimination. The number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination depended to a large extent on coverage, drug efficacy, and endemicity level. Changing the interval between treatment rounds mainly influenced the duration of control, not the number of treatment rounds necessary to achieve elimination. Results hardly changed with alternative assumptions regarding the type of immune mechanism. The potential impact of mass treatment with a combination of @entity6566 and @entity3753 is shown under different assumptions regarding its efficacy. @entity1 migration and drug resistance were not considered. Results cannot be directly generalized to areas with different vector or epidemiological characteristics. In conclusion, the prospects for elimination of @entity6565 by mass treatment in Pondicherry seem good, provided that the level of population coverage is sufficiently high.

title: Prospects for elimination of XXXX by mass drug treatment in Pondicherry, India: a simulation study.

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity6566 :: ('MESH:D004049', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylcarbamazine']

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['bancroftian filariasis']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

answer: @entity6565 :: (MESH:D005368,Disease) :: ['bancroftian filariasis']


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry during walking in conscious @entity35 at moderate speed on a treadmill (4 cm/s) for a 30 s period. During walking rCBF increased in all these three cortices. The rCBF in the parietal cortex started to increase within a few seconds after the start of walking, and continued to increase 42 +/- 16% (mean +/- S.D.) until the end of walking. Within 90 s after walking had ceased, the increased rCBF returned to pre-walking basal levels. The rCBF responses in the frontal and occipital cortices were identical to that in the parietal cortex. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) in a caudal artery of the tail during walking was increased by about 10%. Injection of @entity3897 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that permeates the blood brain barrier (BBB), reduced the walking-induced increase in cortical rCBF, as determined by measurement of parietal rCBF, from 42 +/- 12% to 28 +/- 15%. However, injection of @entity9966 (5 mg/kg, i.p.), a muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that does not permeate the BBB, did not affect the response of rCBF. Neither drug affected the walking-induced response of MAP. Injection of @entity6959 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that permeates the BBB, reduced the walking-induced increase in cortical rCBF from 47 +/- 12% to 30 +/- 12%. Injection of @entity4033 (20 mg/kg, s.c.), a nicotinic cholinergic receptor antagonist that does not permeate the BBB, did not affect the responses of rCBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal, parietal and occipital cortices increases independently of systemic arterial pressure during slow walking in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity6959 :: ('MESH:D008464', 'Chemical') :: ['mecamylamine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity9966 :: ('MESH:C006649', 'Chemical') :: ['methylatropine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity79 ( @entity79 ) frequency of @entity170 and reduced bone mass in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), and compare the data of the @entity1252 @entity1 with matched @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 and healthy controls. Secondly, to study possible correlations between @entity79 , @entity66 variables in the @entity1252 @entity1 . METHODS: Measures of @entity79 assessed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry were obtained from 75 @entity1252 @entity1 aged </= 70 years, 75 @entity309 @entity1 matched for age, sex and disease duration, and from 75 healthy controls matched for age, sex and geographical area. Disease activity and accumulated organ damage were assessed in the @entity1252 @entity1 . RESULTS: The @entity1252 @entity1 had significantly lower @entity79 values at lumbar spine L2-L4 and hip, and higher frequency of @entity170 at all sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls. The matched @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 had similar @entity79 , prevalence of @entity170 and reduced bone mass. In the @entity1252 @entity1 @entity79 was more strongly correlated with accumulated organ damage than with markers of disease activity or duration. In multivariate analyses @entity79 was at all sites predicted by age and body mass, at lumbar spine also by the current @entity228 dose. CONCLUSION: The study showed reduced @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity1252 compared with matched healthy controls. Premenopausal @entity1 taking corticosteroids were especially affected. Furthermore, the @entity79 of matched @entity1252 and @entity309 @entity1 was reduced to a similar extent.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX : comparison with @entity309 and healthy controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['demographic and disease']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: Mesosomes were isolated and purified from @entity7178 under hypertonic conditions throughout preparation processes. The purified mesosomal preparation was composed of closed tubules and vesicles. Electron-dense ribosome-like particles were observed within the isolated mesosomal vesicles by electron microscopy. The ribosome-like particles were isolated from the purified mesosomes by a procedure involving solubilization of the membranes with detergents followed by centrifugation on a linear density gradient of @entity969 . The isolated particles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S in the presence of 10 mM @entity1025 , when @entity1025 concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM, the particles were dissociated into two sub-particles of 30S and 50S. The 70S particles had the same appearance as cytoplasmic 70S ribosome particles upon observations of negatively stained preparations. These findings indicate that mesosomal tubules contain ribosomes. The isolated mesosomal ribosomes had the ability for protein synthesis when @entity22878 -directed @entity37251 synthesis was assayed. The sensitivity of mesosomal ribosomes to inhibitors, @entity2755 and @entity3639 , for protein synthesis was significantly lower than that of both cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition, three @entity114 -binding proteins were detected in the mesosomal membranes. One of these was localized predominantly in the mesosomal membranes and the other two were distributed almost equally in both mesosomal and cytoplasmic membranes.

title: Characterization of mesosomes of XXXX : isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of @entity114 -binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

entities_list: @entity22878 :: ('CHEBI:73279', 'Chemical') :: ['polyuridylic acid']

entities_list: @entity2755 :: ('MESH:D002701', 'Chemical') :: ['chloramphenicol']

entities_list: @entity37251 :: ('MESH:C012001', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenylalanine']

answer: @entity7178 :: (1270,Species) :: ['Micrococcus luteus']


abstract: Exposure of the lumbosacral spinal cord of early postnatal @entity35 to X-rays reduces the glial populations within the irradiated region. The present study examines the ability of axons of a dorsal root subjected to a crush-freeze lesion to grow back into this @entity942 spinal cord environment, in contrast to the non-irradiated @entity35 . Ultrastructural examination of the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) 60 days after root injury revealed a well-formed astrocytic scar in this zone and adjacent regions of spinal cord in non-irradiated @entity35 . In contrast, scar formation did not occur in irradiated root-lesioned animals in which the astrocytic response was quite limited. Axons were present in the DREZ and underlying spinal cord in irradiated root-lesioned @entity35 at this time but were absent from these regions in the non-irradiated lesioned controls. These ultrastructural findings are highly suggestive that axons are capable of regrowth into the irradiated spinal cord. Axonal regrowth was assessed further by tracing techniques after application of a combination of @entity3698 -labeled @entity3505 germ agglutinin and horseradish @entity3698 to the cut end of the root distal to the previously injured site. Labeled axons were readily identified within the spinal gray matter in irradiated lesioned but not in the non-irradiated lesioned @entity35 . These data, together with the ultrastructural observations, are supportive of regrowth of the dorsal root axons into the spinal cord. The radiation-induced changes in the glial populations are discussed with regard to conversion of a normally non-permissive environment into one conducive for axonal regrowth.

title: Regrowth of dorsal root axons into a radiation-induced XXXX environment in the spinal cord.

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['glial-deficient']

answer: @entity942 :: (MESH:D003677,Disease) :: ['glial-deficient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To document the efficacy of intratumoural injections of @entity1487 for the treatment of @entity1641 sarcoids. DESIGN: A prospective study that included 13 @entity1641 and one @entity15382 . PROCEDURE: Sarcoids were confirmed by histological examination and treated with intratumoural @entity1487 every 2 weeks. If the sarcoids did not resolve after seven treatments, treatment was considered a failure. All cases were re-examined 6 months after treatment commenced and owners were telephoned 3 years after commencement of treatment to report on @entity5 recurrence. Outcome comparisons were performed to determine the effect of previous treatment, @entity5 size and @entity5 location on sarcoid resolution. The efficacy of intratumoural @entity1487 was compared with other previously documented treatments of @entity1641 sarcoids. RESULTS: Sarcoids smaller than 13.5 cm3 were significantly (P = 0.032) more likely to resolve with treatment than larger sarcoids. Sarcoids that were not responsive to previous therapies were significantly (P = 0.007) more likely to recur after 3 years than sarcoids that had not been treated prior to this study. In this study, there were similar rates of resolution in cases with @entity5 (66.6%) when compared to cases with single @entity5 (60%). The numbers in this study were too small to properly evaluate the effect of @entity5 location on the success of treatment. Intratumoural @entity1487 appeared to have resolved sarcoids in 9 of 13 cases (61.5%) as determined by follow up conversation with the owners 3 years after the initial treatment. CONCLUSION: The use of intratumoural @entity1487 compares favourably with other treatment modalities for sarcoids, with a long term successful resolution rate of 61.5%. Owners should be warned that resistant sarcoids and sarcoids larger than 13.5 cm3 have a poorer prognosis for resolution and more aggressive therapeutic options should be considered.

title: The efficacy of intratumoural XXXX for the treatment of @entity1641 sarcoids.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['mutiple tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity1487 :: (MESH:D005472,Chemical) :: ['5-fluorouracil']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To state about adequacy of surgery margins in soft tissue @entity242 (STS). METHODS: Review of the relevant literature. RESULTS: The end point for measuring the quality of margins in STS is local recurrence (LR). The rate of LR in specialised centres lies between 16 and 22%. The rates of LR should be given by the actuarial estimations. The methods determining margins are variable in the literature. By the quantitative methods, measuring the distance between the @entity5 edge and the limits of resection on the excision specimen, a twofold difference in LR is seen between adequate and inadequate margins. This difference is fourfold by the qualitative, consensual method from the @entity242 Group, appearing here more discriminatory. Obtaining adequate margins depends on the planned character of surgery, @entity5 size, @entity5 infiltration and grade. CONCLUSION: An actuarial 5-year LR rate ranging from 10 to 20% is a criterion for good quality of surgery. These results appear to be obtained best in specialised centres.

title: [Surgical margins in soft tissue XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoma', 'French Sarcoma']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum and characteristic of @entity3 in selected haematological departments in the Czech and Slovak Republics, and to compare @entity6251 ( @entity6251 ) of some antifungal agents for isolates obtained. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1 March 2009 and 31 October 2010, Candida strains from clinically important material obtained from @entity1 with haematological @entity5 were collected. Each isolate was biochemically identified and tested for in vitro susceptibility to three known @entity5626 and @entity2379 and selected azoles using the E-test. Relevant clinical data were collected. RESULTS: The study included 63 isolates from 61 @entity1 . The most frequently isolated species were @entity5132 and @entity7408 (28 % and 19 %, respectively). However, after exclusion of isolates from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the percentage changed in favour of @entity5132 and @entity7409 (25 % and 17 respectively). The @entity6251 data showed a high susceptibility of @entity375 to @entity5626 and @entity2379 . Ten (16 %) strains were cross-resistant to @entity8201 (mostly @entity7408 ). CONCLUSION: @entity3 is not frequent @entity281 in @entity1 with haematological @entity5 in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Moreover, the spectrum of pathogens was similar to that described in recent international studies. However, identification of susceptible and resistant strains according to @entity6251 could be beneficial for choice of antifungal treatment.

title: [ XXXX in selected heamatology departments in the Czech Republic and Slovakia - microbiological results of the CAN CELL project].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection complication']

entities_list: @entity5626 :: ('MESH:D054714', 'Chemical') :: ['echinocandins']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive candidiasis', 'Invasive candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity6251 :: ('MESH:C567712', 'Disease') :: ['MIC', 'minimum inhibitory concentrations']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Invasive candidiasis']


abstract: @entity58295 (Dha/ @entity58295 ) is a homeodomain protein containing an Engrailed homology (Eh) 1 repressor motif. It is important in @entity3392 dorsal organizer formation. Dha/ @entity58295 interacted with a co-repressor Groucho through the Eh1 motif. Expression of a Dha/ @entity58295 fused to the transcriptional activator @entity2879 repressed dorsal axis formation and the expression of organizer genes but led to the dorsal expansion of expression of the homeobox gene vox/ @entity72217 , indicating that Dha/ @entity58295 functions as a transcriptional repressor for dorsal axis formation. We also isolated a novel homeobox gene, ved, whose expression was negatively regulated by dha/ @entity58295 . ved's sequence and expression profile were similar to those of vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 . Like Vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , Ved acted as a transcriptional repressor. The combined inhibition of ved, vox/ @entity72217 , and @entity47771 / @entity47771 , by antisense morpholino injection, strongly dorsalized the embryos and elicited ventral expansion of organizer gene expression, compared with the effect of inhibiting each of these genes alone. These results suggest that ved is a target for the repressor Dha/ @entity58295 . Ved functions redundantly with vox/ @entity72217 and @entity47771 / @entity47771 to restrict the organizer domain.

title: A novel repressor-type homeobox gene, ved, is involved in @entity58295 / @entity58295 -mediated dorsal organizer formation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3392 :: (7955,Species) :: ['zebrafish']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether serum @entity414 , which is a marker of impaired oxidative metabolism, might correlate with @entity1002 in @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ). BACKGROUND: @entity414 levels, which are frequently elevated in @entity1 with @entity712 , correlate with leg vascular resistance. The effects of elevated levels of @entity414 on cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity712 have never been evaluated. METHODS: We studied 150 outpatients with @entity712 who came to our @entity712 clinic. @entity1 underwent a complete echo-Doppler examination, with measurement of mitral E wave and mitral A wave velocities, E/A ratio, E wave deceleration time (DtE), left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and @entity64 volume. A restrictive mitral filling pattern (RMFP) was defined as either @entity9400 <140 milliseconds. RESULTS: Mean age was 62.2 +/- 7.8 years (86% male); 24 @entity1 (16%) had an RMFP. @entity1 with an RMFP had significantly higher @entity414 levels compared with @entity1 without RMFP (0.48 +/- 0.14 mmol/L vs 0.38 +/- 0.08 mmol/L, respectively, P <.001). @entity414 levels correlated significantly with mitral E wave velocity (r =.22, P <.01), E/A ratio (r =.21, P <.05), DtE (r =.26, P <.01), and RMFP (P =.0001). There was no correlation between @entity414 and left ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, or @entity64 volume. In a multivariate model, @entity414 predicted @entity52812 independently of renal function, diuretic dose, and left ventricular volumes. CONCLUSION: Elevated @entity414 levels are associated with @entity67 in @entity712 . Xanthine oxydase inhibition in @entity1 with @entity712 might theoretically result in an improvement of diastolic function.

title: Elevated serum @entity414 levels are associated with XXXX in @entity1 with dilated cardiomyopathy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['Uric acid', 'uric acid']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['diastolic dysfunction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity693 is an uncommon @entity5 with a high propensity for recurrence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of different treatment options in @entity1 with recurrent disease. METHODS: The records of all @entity1 with recurrent @entity693 treated at the study institution between 1976 and 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-four consecutive @entity1 were studied. The mainstay of treatment was brain surgery in 21 @entity1 (62%); the median time to recurrence from surgery was 12 months. Ten @entity1 (29%) had 20 recurrent central nervous system (CNS) lesions treated by stereotactic radiosurgery. Of these, 3 previously nonirradiated @entity1 (all with lesion size < 25 mm) achieved a complete response, which persisted at a median of 3 years. In 14 lesions (70%) a partial response (PR) occurred with a median duration of 12 months, whereas 3 lesions (15%) remained stable. Two @entity1 with inoperable CNS lesions received external beam radiation therapy and both had PRs lasting 14 and 24 months, respectively. Nine @entity1 (26%) received radiation therapy for @entity3 . Of these, seven @entity1 remained stable with good symptomatic relief, and two @entity1 experienced @entity5 progression. Chemotherapy with @entity632 -containing regimens was administered in 7 @entity1 (21%); there was only 1 PR that lasted 8 months. The median survival from first recurrence was 4.6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management is important for the successful treatment of @entity1 with recurrent @entity693 . Radiosurgery plays a definite role in the treatment of smaller recurrent CNS lesions. Radiation therapy is helpful in the management of inoperable @entity5 . More effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed.

title: Management of recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytoma', 'Meningeal hemangiopericytoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['meningeal hemangiopericytoma']


abstract: Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that have a unique developmental cycle. Thirty nine viable isolates representing all nine currently recognised chlamydial species were screened by immunofluorescence with a cross-reacting chlamydiaphage monoclonal antibody. A novel chlamydiaphage ( @entity61448 ) was detected in @entity11292 , a chlamydial species not previously known to carry bacteriophages. @entity61448 belongs to the Microviridae, members of this virus family are characterised by circular, single-stranded DNA genomes and small T = 1 icosahedral capsids. Double-stranded replicative form @entity61448 DNA was purified from elementary bodies and used as a template to determine the complete genome sequence. The genome of @entity61448 is 4,554 base pairs and encodes eight open reading frames organised in the same genome structure as other chlamydiaphages. An unrooted phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the major coat proteins of 11 members of the Microviridae and @entity61448 . This showed that the Microviridae are clearly divided into two discrete sub-families; those that infect the Enterobacteriaceae e.g.   X174 and the bacteriophages that infect obligate intracellular bacteria or mollicutes including @entity10464 ( @entity10464 melliferum),   MH2K ( @entity11603 ) and the chlamydiaphages. Comparative analyses demonstrate that the chlamydiaphages can be further subdivided into two groupings, one represented by @entity61448 / @entity61448 and the other by   CPG1/  CPAR39.

title: Isolation, molecular characterisation and genome sequence of a bacteriophage (Chp3) from XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11603 :: ('959', 'Species') :: ['Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus']

answer: @entity11292 :: (85991,Species) :: ['Chlamydophila pecorum']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: It is hypothesized that immune factors influence @entity146 and contribute to relapse. The primary study objectives were to (1) compare @entity146 across adults with active @entity888 (MA) dependence, in early remission from @entity734 , and with no history of @entity734 , (2) determine whether active or recent @entity734 affects the expression of immune factors, and (3) evaluate the association between immune factor levels and @entity146 . METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using between group comparisons and regression analyses to investigate associations among variables. Eighty-four adults were recruited into control (CTL) (n   =   31), MA-active (n   =   17), or MA-remission (n   =   36) groups. @entity1 completed self-report measures of @entity148 , @entity308 and objective tests of attention and executive function. Blood samples were collected, and a panel of immune factors was measured using multiplex technology. RESULTS: Relative to CTLs, MA-dependent adults evidenced greater @entity148 and @entity308 during active use (p   <   0.001) and remission (p   <   0.007), and more attention, memory, and executive problems during remission (p   <   0.01) but not active dependence. Regression analyses identified 10 immune factors (putatively associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions) associated with @entity148 , @entity308 , and @entity2414 . CONCLUSION: While psychiatric symptoms are present during active @entity734 and remission, at least some @entity73 emerge only during remission. Altered expression of a network of immune factors contributes to neuropsychiatric symptom severity.

title: Plasma Inflammatory Factors Are Associated with @entity148 , XXXX , and Cognitive Problems in Adults with and without @entity888 Dependence: An Exploratory Protein Array Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression, and memory complaints', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity888 :: ('MESH:D008694', 'Chemical') :: ['methamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['addictive behaviors', 'neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive difficulties']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory problems']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance dependence', 'MA dependence']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: The relation between transmitral flow and diastolic mitral valve motion were examined in 17 normal @entity1 , 14 @entity1 with @entity101 and 12 @entity1 with @entity1000 . M-mode echograms were analyzed for early and late diastolic mitral leaflet separations, their ratio and E-F slope. Pulsed Doppler transmitral flow was analyzed for early and late velocities, their ratio and early flow deceleration. Early diastolic mitral valve leaflet separation was reduced in @entity1 with @entity101 (at 28 +/- 5 mm [p less than 0.05] ) and in @entity1 with @entity296 (at 22 +/- 3 mm [p less than 0.01] ). Flow velocity was also reduced in @entity1 with @entity101 (at 52 +/- 11 cm/s [p less than 0.05] ) and in @entity1 with @entity296 (at 48 +/- 15 cm/s [p less than 0.01] ). However, early leaflet separation and flow velocity were not related (r = 0.26). Late diastolic leaflet separation was similar (at 25 +/- 5 mm) in normal subjects and in those with @entity101 (at 23 +/- 6 mm), but was reduced in @entity1 with @entity296 (at 18 +/- 3 mm [p less than 0.01] ). In contrast, late flow velocity was increased in @entity1 with @entity101 (at 52 +/- 12 cm/s [p less than 0.05] ) but unchanged in @entity1 with @entity296 (at 42 +/- 16 cm/s). The ratio of early to late leaflet separation was similar in all groups, whereas the ratio of flow velocities was reduced in @entity101 @entity1 . Neither the E-F slope not early flow deceleration was altered in either pathologic group. Thus, @entity101 and @entity296 had similar effects in early rather than late diastole.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Variable responses of mitral valve motion and flow in systemic XXXX and in @entity1000 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1000 :: ('MESH:C536277', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']