abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: There is accumulating data on the clinical benefit of aromatase inhibitors in the adjuvant treatment of @entity0 in postmenopausal @entity1 . The @entity29906 -98 study is a randomized, phase 3, double-blind trial comparing four adjuvant endocrine treatments of 5 years duration in postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone-receptor-positive @entity0 : @entity4672 or @entity440 monotherapy, sequential treatment with @entity440 followed by @entity4672 , or vice versa. This article summarizes data presented at the 2009 St. Gallen early @entity0 conference: an update on the monotherapy arms of the @entity29906 -98 study, and results from the sequential treatment arms. Implications for daily practice from @entity29906 -98 and from other adjuvant trials will be discussed. RESULTS: Despite cross-over from @entity440 to @entity4672 by 25% of the @entity1 after unblinding of the @entity440 monotherapy arm, the improvement of disease-free survival (HR 0.88, 0.78-0.99, p = 0.03) and time to distant recurrence (HR 0.85, 0.72-1.00, p = 0.05) for @entity4672 monotherapy as compared to @entity440 monotherapy remained significant in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. A trend for an overall survival advantage for @entity4672 was seen in the ITT analysis (HR 0.87, 0.75-1.02, p = 0.08). No statistically significant differences were found for the sequential treatment arms versus @entity4672 monotherapy, with respect to disease-free survival, time to distant recurrence or overall survival. Cumulative incidence analysis of @entity0 recurrence favors the initiation of adjuvant endocrine treatment with @entity4672 instead of @entity440 , especially in @entity1 at higher risk for early recurrence. Similarly, data suggest that @entity1 commenced on @entity4672 can be switched to @entity440 after 2 years, if required. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity29906 -98 study update with median follow up of 76 months confirms a significant reduction in the risk of @entity0 recurrence and a trend towards improved overall survival with @entity4672 as compared to @entity440 , and no unexpected safety concerns with @entity4672 . Adjuvant endocrine treatment should preferentially be initiated with @entity4672 . For @entity1 unable to continue @entity4672 , switching to @entity440 appears to be an acceptable alternative.

title: Update of the XXXX -98 Trial: where do we stand?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'early-stage breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity29906 :: ('5067', 'Gene') :: ['Breast International Group (BIG) 1', 'BIG 1']

answer: @entity29906 :: (5067,Gene) :: ['BIG 1']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This observational study aimed to identify clinical variables and health system characteristics associated with incomplete guideline application in drug treatment of @entity1 with @entity712 (HF) across 15 countries. METHODS: Three data sets were used: European Society of Cardiology @entity712 Registry, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Health System Characteristics Survey, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013. @entity1 and country variables were examined by multilevel, multiple logistic regression. The study population consisted of ambulatory @entity1 with chronic HF and reduced ejection fraction. Inappropriateness of prescription of pharmacological treatments was defined as @entity1 not prescribed at least one of the two recommended treatments (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin-receptor blockers and beta-blockers) or treated with both medications but at suboptimal dosage and in absence of documented contraindication/intolerance. RESULTS: Of 4605 @entity1 , 1097 (23.8%) received inappropriate drug prescriptions with a large variation within and across countries, with 18.5% of the total variability accounted for by between-country health structure characteristics. @entity1 -level characteristics such as having @entity339 (odds ratio 1.4; 95% confidence interval 1.1-1.7) was significantly associated with inappropriate prescription of recommended drugs, whereas @entity1030 (odds ratio 0.7; 95% confidence interval 0.5-0.9) was associated with more appropriate prescriptions. Among the country-level variables, incentives or obligation to comply with guidelines increased the probability of prescription appropriateness. CONCLUSIONS: Combining clinical variables with health system characteristics is a promising exercise to explain the appropriateness of recommended drug prescriptions. Such an understanding can help decision makers to design more effective policies to improve adherence to guidelines, improve health care outcomes, and potentially reduce costs.

title: Appropriateness of Prescriptions of Recommended Treatments in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Systems: Findings Based on the Long-Term Registry of the European Society of Cardiology on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'Heart Failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['Heart Failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5624 and beta-amyloid ( @entity477 ) are proposed diagnostic biomarkers for @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Previous studies report their relationship to clinical diagnoses of @entity195 and other @entity303 . To understand their value as predictors of disease-specific pathology, levels determined during life must be correlated with definitive diagnoses in mixed @entity303 groups and cognitively normal subjects. OBJECTIVES: To correlate antemortem cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tau and @entity477 levels with definitive @entity303 diagnosis in a diverse group of @entity1 ; to calculate statistics for CSF tau and @entity477 . DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Ten clinics experienced in the diagnosis of @entity179 . @entity1 One hundred six @entity1 with @entity303 and 4 cognitively normal subjects with a definitive diagnosis, and 69 clinically diagnosed cognitively normal subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation of CSF tau and @entity477 with final diagnosis. RESULTS: Mean tau level was 612 pg/mL for the 74 @entity1 with @entity195 , 272 pg/mL for 10 @entity1 with frontal @entity303 , 282 pg/mL for 3 @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 , and 140 pg/mL for 73 cognitively normal control subjects. Tau was less than 334 pg/mL for 20 @entity1 with @entity195 . Abeta42 was reduced in @entity1 with @entity195 (61 fmol/mL) compared with @entity1 with frontal @entity303 (133 fmol/mL) and control subjects (109 fmol/mL), but not compared with @entity1 with @entity303 with @entity1832 (14 fmol/mL) or prion disease (60 fmol/mL). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CSF tau levels are associated with @entity195 pathology and can help discriminate @entity195 from other @entity74 . However, some @entity1 with @entity195 have a level less than the mean +/- 2 SDs of the cognitively normal cohort.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid tau and beta-amyloid: how well do these biomarkers reflect autopsy-confirmed XXXX diagnoses?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['Lewy bodies']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative dementias']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['dementing disorders']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', 'Alzheimer disease']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: CONTEXT: The role of @entity1674 in the risk of @entity385 remains controversial. Recently, a strong association was found between elevated levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , which indicate the presence of remnant lipoproteins, and increased risk of @entity741 . OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that increased levels of nonfasting @entity1674 are associated with @entity385 in the general population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The Copenhagen City Heart Study, a prospective, Danish population-based cohort study initiated in 1976, with follow-up through July 2007. @entity1 were 13,956 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20 through 93 years. A cross-sectional study included 9637 individuals attending the 1991-1994 examination of the prospective study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prospective study: baseline levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , other risk factors at baseline and at follow-up examinations, and incidence of @entity385 . Cross-sectional study: levels of nonfasting @entity1674 , levels of remnant @entity165 , and prevalence of @entity385 . RESULTS: Of the 13,956 @entity1 in the prospective study, 1529 developed @entity385 . Cumulative incidence of @entity385 increased with increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1674 (log-rank trend, P < .001). @entity1 with elevated nonfasting @entity412 levels of 89 through 176 mg/dL had multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity385 of 1.3 (95% CI, 0.8-1.9; 351 events); for 177 through 265 mg/dL, 1.6 (95% CI, 1.0-2.5; 189 events); for 266 through 353 mg/dL, 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9-2.7; 73 events); for 354 through 442 mg/dL, 2.2 (95% CI, 1.1-4.2; 40 events); and for 443 mg/dL or greater, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8; 41 events) vs @entity1 with nonfasting levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 85 events) (P < .001 for trend). Corresponding values for @entity1 were 1.3 (95% CI, 0.9-1.7; 407 events), 2.0 (95% CI, 1.3-2.9; 135 events), 1.4 (95% CI, 0.7-2.9; 26 events), 2.5 (95% CI, 1.0-6.4; 13 events), and 3.8 (95% CI, 1.3-11; 10 events) vs @entity1 with nonfasting @entity412 levels less than 89 mg/dL (HR, 1.0; 159 events) (P < .001 for trend). Absolute 10-year risk of @entity385 ranged from 2.6% in @entity1 younger than 55 years with nonfasting @entity412 levels of less than 89 mg/dL to 16.7% in @entity1 aged 55 years or older with levels of 443 mg/dL or greater. Corresponding values in @entity1 were 1.9% and 12.2%. In the cross-sectional study, @entity1 with a previous @entity385 vs controls had nonfasting @entity412 levels of 191 (IQR, 131-259) mg/dL vs 148 (IQR, 104-214) mg/dL (P < .01); corresponding values for @entity1 were 167 (IQR, 121-229) mg/dL vs 127 (IQR, 91-181) mg/dL (P < .05). For remnant @entity165 , corresponding values were 38 (IQR, 26-51) mg/dL vs 29 (IQR, 20-42) mg/dL in @entity1 (P < .01) and 33 (IQR, 24-45) mg/dL vs 25 (IQR, 18-35) mg/dL in @entity1 (P < .05). CONCLUSION: In this study population, nonfasting @entity412 levels were associated with risk of @entity385 .

title: Nonfasting XXXX and risk of @entity385 in the general population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Participants', 'Men', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triglycerides']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity8425 ( @entity8425 ) combined with foam dressing on wound healing in @entity35 with @entity1566 . METHODS: Complete @entity1566 was induced in 49 male @entity35 at the T11-L1 level, after which a pressure @entity1066 was induced on the left thigh. The newly invented surface electrode, which was fitted with foam inside, was applied to the @entity1066 . @entity35 were divided into 2 groups as follows: the @entity8425 group, which received foam dressings and @entity8425 (2 Hz and 200-microsecond duration, 15 mA) for 4 times a day, 30 minutes each, for 3 weeks; and the control group, which received the foam dressings without @entity8425 . The @entity1066 area was measured by taking a photograph daily from day 0 to day 21. Histopathologic and immune-histochemical evaluations were performed on day 1 and days 7, 14, and 21. RESULTS: The area of the @entity1066 of the @entity8425 group was smaller than that of the control group after day 14 (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the vascularity was significantly greater on day 14 and more decreased on day 21 compared with day 7 than that in the control group (P < .05). In the @entity8425 group, the area of positive reaction to anti-a-SMA antibody was increased compared with the control group on days 7 and 14 and decreased on day 21 (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Electrical stimulation combined with foam dressing by means of newly invented surface electrodes facilitates and accelerates the wound-healing process.

title: The Effect of Electrical Stimulation Combined with Foam Dressing on @entity1066 in @entity35 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity8425 :: ('MESH:D004556', 'Disease') :: ['electrical stimulation', 'ES']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 with @entity14 are less likely than unaffected controls to have had one or more endoscopic procedures (flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, or polypectomy) before being diagnosed with @entity5 . DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Hospitals of the Department of Veterans Affairs. @entity1 : 8722 and 7629 case- @entity1 with @entity694 , respectively, and age-, sex-, race-matched controls who were discharged at the same time as the corresponding case- @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: Number and type of endoscopic procedures of the large bowel done from 1981 until the development of @entity14 in each case- @entity1 . The influence of endoscopic procedures on the development of @entity14 was tested by conditional multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity1 with @entity14 were less likely to have had an endoscopic procedure of the large bowel before being diagnosed with @entity5 (odds ratio for @entity694 , 0.51 [95% CI, 0.44 to 0.58]; odds ratio for @entity5 , 0.55 [CI, 0.47 to 0.64]). In @entity1 who had flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and polypectomy, the odds ratios were even smaller. When analyzed by separate 1-year intervals, @entity1 with @entity5 had significantly fewer procedures during periods of up to 6 years before their onset of their @entity5 . Similarly, fewer inpatient and outpatient procedures were done in @entity1 than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic procedures of the large bowel reduce the risk for developing @entity694 by 50%, their protective influence lasting 6 years.

title: Prevention of XXXX by flexible endoscopy and polypectomy. A case-control study of 32,702 veterans.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon and rectal cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Nowadays, there are new technologies in high-performance liquid chromatography columns available enabling faster and more efficient separations. In this work, we compared three different types of columns for the analysis of main soy @entity6400 . The evaluated columns were a conventional reverse phase particle column, a fused-core particle column, and a monolithic column. The comparison was in terms of chromatographic parameters such as resolution, asymmetry, number of theoretical plates, variability of retention time, and peak width. The lower column pressure was provided by the monolithic column, although lower chromatographic performance was achieved. Conventional and fused-core particle columns presented similar pressure. Results also indicate that direct transfer between particle and monolithic columns is not possible requiring adjustment of conditions and a different method optimization strategy. The best chromatographic performance and separation speed were observed for the fused-core particle column. Also, the effect of sample solvent on the separation and peak shape was evaluated and indicated that monolithic column is the most affected especially when using higher concentrations of @entity1626 or @entity1068 . Sample solvent that showed the lowest effect on the chromatographic performance of the columns was @entity1042 . Overall evaluation of @entity1042 and @entity1626 as mobile phase for the separation of @entity6400 indicated higher chromatographic performance of @entity1626 , although @entity1042 may be an attractive alternative. Using @entity1626 as mobile phase resulted in faster, higher resolution, narrower, and more symmetric peaks than @entity1042 with all columns. It also generated the lower column pressure and flatter pressure profile due to mobile phase changes, and therefore, it presents a higher potential to be explored for the development of faster separation methods.

title: Comparison of different types of stationary phases for the analysis of soy XXXX by HPLC.

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

entities_list: @entity1626 :: ('MESH:C032159', 'Chemical') :: ['acetonitrile']

answer: @entity6400 :: (MESH:D007529,Chemical) :: ['isoflavones']


abstract: @entity191 is a common @entity179 primarily characterized by @entity2003 , @entity400 and @entity2845 . @entity73 and @entity146 are frequent in @entity191 , with a 70% cumulative incidence of @entity303 . The aim of this cross-sectional study was to establish the pattern of @entity194 on MRI in @entity191 @entity1 with @entity303 . We used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to provide an unbiased means of investigating brain volume loss. Whole brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans from @entity191 @entity1 with @entity303 ( @entity3602 , n = 26), @entity191 @entity1 without @entity303 (n = 31), @entity195 @entity1 (n = 28), @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 , n = 17) and control subjects (n = 36) were acquired. Images were analysed using SPM99 and the optimized method of VBM. Reduced grey matter volume in @entity3602 @entity1 compared with controls was observed bilaterally in the temporal lobe, including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, and in the occipital lobe, the right frontal lobe and the left parietal lobe, as well as some subcortical regions. @entity191 @entity1 without @entity303 showed reduced grey matter volume in the frontal lobe compared with control subjects. There was significant grey @entity194 bilaterally in the occipital lobe of @entity3602 @entity1 compared with @entity191 @entity1 . In addition, significant @entity1315 , including the hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus was detected in @entity195 relative to @entity3602 . No significant volumetric differences were observed in @entity3602 compared with @entity1832 . Thus, @entity191 involves grey matter loss in frontal areas. In @entity3602 , this extends to temporal, @entity542 , with @entity194 in @entity3602 being the only difference between the two groups. This provides important information about the pattern of @entity194 in @entity191 and @entity3602 .

title: @entity194 in @entity191 with and without XXXX : a comparison with @entity195 , @entity1832 and controls.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric symptoms']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['occipital and subcortical areas']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease"]

entities_list: @entity2845 :: ('MESH:D018476', 'Disease') :: ['bradykinesia']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral atrophy', 'matter atrophy', 'occipital atrophy']

entities_list: @entity1832 :: ('MESH:D020961', 'Disease') :: ['dementia with Lewy bodies', 'DLB']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1315 :: ('MESH:D004833', 'Disease') :: ['temporal lobe atrophy']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['dementia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1418 ( @entity1418 ) occurring in the heart is rare. To the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first to report a case of left @entity1418 metastasizing to the vulva. A 37-year-old female presenting with a history of exertional @entity1353 underwent echocardiography, which revealed a mass in the left atrium, with a @entity851 attached to the posterior wall, extending into the pericardium. Furthermore, the mass resulted in severe @entity4794 during diastole. The @entity5 was excised together with a section of the left atrial wall. The initial diagnosis was a left @entity4615 . However, post-operative frozen section histopathology results indicated a diagnosis of @entity1418 . Following surgery, the @entity1 received chemotherapy, however, vulvar @entity3 and left @entity1143 were identified after 1 month. Following surgical excision of the @entity5 and left thoracentesis, the @entity1 began adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the @entity1 succumbed due to local recurrence 6 months later.

title: Primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma with vulvar XXXX : A case report.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusions']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short-wide stalk']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vulvar tumor']

entities_list: @entity1418 :: ('MESH:D051677', 'Disease') :: ['Malignant fibrous histiocytoma', 'MFH', 'atrial MFH']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4794 :: ('MESH:D008946', 'Disease') :: ['mitral stenosis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: Because of a high prevalence of @entity796 @entity281 , we conducted an epidemiological study to assess the need for systematic surveillance, as well as the value of applying barrier precautions toP. aeruginosa carriers. From July 1997 to February 1998, we conducted a prospective cohort study in an 18-bed medical intensive care unit (ICU), which is part of the infectious diseases department in a 1200-bed tertiary-care teaching hospital. Rectal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained on admission and twice weekly. Acquired strains were genotypically characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). A risk factor analysis for carriage, colonization and @entity281 was performed. Among 269 eligible @entity1 , 116 (43%) were @entity796 carriers, with 46 (17%) detected on admission and 70 (26%) who acquired carriage during their stay in ICU. Among these 70 @entity1 , 29 became colonized (N=13) or developed @entity281 (N=16). Conversely, in the 121 @entity1 who remained free of carriage, no @entity694 were detected. Genotyping analysis using PFGE was performed for 81/85 (95%) acquired strains in 67 @entity1 . The same genotype I was observed for 58/81 (70%) of these strains issued from 47 @entity1 , and a distinct genotype II affected two other @entity1 (three strains). The last 20 strains were not genetically related. In a multivariate model, mechanical ventilation was associated with the acquisition of P. aeruginosa carriage. Antibiotics ineffective against @entity796 significantly increased the risk of @entity694 in ICU. Although several recent studies concluded that endogenous sources account for the majority of @entity796 colonizations or @entity281 , we conclude that epidemiology may vary according to the ICU, and that cross-colonization (i.e., exogenous source) may occur and warrant reinforced barrier precautions.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX and risk factors for carriage acquisition in an intensive care unit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonization or infection']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

answer: @entity796 :: (287,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']


abstract: In our @entity1577 clinic, all @entity1 older than 6 years perform spirometry at each visit just before being seen by the health care team. Upon review, we determined that our perceived rationale for this practice was that the medical history fails to detect deterioration in a sizable minority of @entity1 whose pulmonary decline can be detected by spirometry. Furthermore, the literature and our own experience indicates that physical examination frequently will not detect changes in pulmonary status until the changes are advanced. As part of an ongoing quality/cost assessment, we decided to challenge our rationale for performing routine spirometry. Using standard methodology, we developed a six-item Likert style questionnaire, the purpose of which was to assess perceived changes in @entity358 since the last clinic visit. The questionnaire had an acceptable degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92), although the question about sputum production showed the least correlation with responses to other items. We administered the questionnaire to 103 consecutive different @entity1 and examined the association between reported changes in symptoms and actual changes in spirometric outcomes. Overall, there was a statistically significant, but clinically weak association between symptom scores and change in FEV1, r2 = 0.16, P < 0.001. Twenty-three @entity1 had a decline in FEV1 of > or = 10% from one clinic visit to the next. Depending on the method used to place symptom scores into categories indicating that @entity358 were "worse," "same," or "better" than at the last clinic visit, 40-60% of these 23 @entity1 indicated they felt the "same" or "better." We conclude that spirometry is a justifiable part of all clinic visits for @entity1 with @entity1577 , assuming that one would want to detect and treat declines in pulmonary status before they become advanced.

title: The "worth" of routine spirometry in a XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: A @entity1 presenting severe @entity4053 despite low or normal secretion of insulin was found to have IgM antibodies to the @entity8277 . These antibodies stimulated lipogenesis in fat cells in vitro and competed with insulin for binding to insulin receptors. After treatment with glucocorticoids, the anti-receptor antibodies and the @entity4053 both disappeared, and antibodies to insulin appeared in the patient's serum. The anti-insulin antibodies were isolated by affinity chromatography and were found to inhibit the anti- @entity8277 antibodies that were present earlier. The interaction between the patient's anti-insulin antibodies and his anti-receptor antibodies suggests that these two species of antibodies are related as idiotypes and anti-idiotypes. We also studied the interaction of the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies with anti-insulin antibodies of a @entity6 @entity1 and with anti-insulin antibodies of @entity19 immunized to insulin. The hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies were neutralized by the @entity6 patient's anti-insulin antibodies, indicating that anti-insulin antibodies with a common idiotype may arise in both @entity6 and @entity4053 . Moreover, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that interacted with mouse anti-receptor antibodies neutralized the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. In contrast, mouse anti-insulin antibodies that did not interact with the mouse anti-receptor antibodies did not neutralize the hypoglycemic patient's anti-receptor antibodies. Thus, the human anti-insulin antibodies share an idiotype with a specific class of mouse anti-insulin antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antibodies to XXXX followed by anti-idiotype. Antibodies to insulin in @entity1 with @entity4053 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-receptor', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity8277 :: (3643,Gene) :: ['insulin receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1536 antimicrobials are synthetic and widely used in clinical medicine. Resistance emerged with clinical use and became common in some bacterial pathogens. Mechanisms of resistance include two categories of mutation and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes. Resistance mutations in one or both of the two drug target enzymes, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV, are commonly in a localized domain of the GyrA and ParE subunits of the respective enzymes and reduce drug binding to the enzyme-DNA complex. Other resistance mutations occur in regulatory genes that control the expression of native efflux pumps localized in the bacterial membrane(s). These pumps have broad substrate profiles that include @entity5176 as well as other antimicrobials, disinfectants, and dyes. Mutations of both types can accumulate with selection pressure and produce highly resistant strains. Resistance genes acquired on plasmids can confer low-level resistance that promotes the selection of mutational high-level resistance. Plasmid-encoded resistance is due to Qnr proteins that protect the target enzymes from @entity1536 action, one mutant @entity5292 -modifying enzyme that also modifies certain @entity5176 , and mobile efflux pumps. Plasmids with these mechanisms often encode additional antimicrobial resistances and can transfer multidrug resistance that includes @entity5176 . Thus, the bacterial @entity1536 resistance armamentarium is large.

title: Mechanisms of drug resistance: XXXX resistance.

entities_list: @entity5176 :: ('MESH:D015363', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolones']

entities_list: @entity5292 :: ('D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['Quinolone', 'quinolone']

answer: @entity1536 :: (CHEBI:23765,Chemical) :: ['quinolone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of @entity4043 ( @entity4043 )and @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) in supraglottic, @entity189 , different distance surgical margins and lymphatic @entity3 ; to study the relationship of two molecular markers. METHOD: Expression of elF4E and @entity1495 in @entity189 and different margins were detected by HE-stained, routine pathological section, immunohistochemical SP method and image analysis. RESULT: (1) Immunohistochemical staining for @entity1495 was performed with a monoclonal anti- @entity1495 antibody. The positive expression rate was 68. 4 % . There was significant difference between lymph node @entity3 and no lymph node @entity3 , but there was no significant difference between @entity6402 or @entity6493 ( P >0. 05). There was no significant difference between @entity1495 and @entity189 position,pathology grade ( P> 0. 05). Positive expression rate of @entity1495 was @entity5 , 5 mm, 10 mm different distant margin of supraglottic and @entity189 as tissue progressed adjacent to @entity189 . (2) Staining positive rate of elF4E in supraglottic and @entity189 was 89%. There was significant association between @entity4043 expression intensity and clinical stage, lymphatic @entity3 . The positive expression rate of @entity4043 was increased in sequence from 10 mm, 5 mm distant mucosa tissue to @entity189 nest in supraglottic and @entity189 . (3) Negative expression of @entity1495 and @entity4043 was seen in the normal lymph nodes. @entity1495 positive expression rate was 28% in @entity3 lymph nodes,elF4E was 42 %. (4) There was no significant correlation between elF4E and @entity1495 in margins according to spearman rank correlation test. CONCLUSION: @entity4043 and @entity1495 expression was significantly higher in supraglottic and @entity189 than distant margin and normal mucosa tissue. elF4E positive rate was higher than @entity1495 ,expression sensitivity and reliability of elF4E in margins was higher than @entity1495 . elF4E is a sensitive marker in growth, infiltration and @entity3 of supraglottic and @entity189 .

title: [Expression and clinical value of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in supraglottic and XXXX and @entity3 lymph].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in tumour']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['MMP-9', 'matrix metalloproteinase-9']

entities_list: @entity4043 :: ('1977', 'Gene') :: ['eIF4E', 'eukaryotic initiation factor4E']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic parameters of 7 claw health traits from Spanish dairy @entity291 were estimated and the predictive ability of linear and ordinal threshold models were compared and assessed. This study included data on @entity11536 (DE), sole ulcer (SU), @entity62 ( @entity62 ), @entity1373 ( @entity1373 ), @entity2688 (CL) collected between July 2012 and June 2013 from 834 dairy herds visited by 21 trained trimmers. An @entity74 ( @entity74 ) was also considered an indicator the absence or the presence of at least 1 of the 6 disorders. Claw health traits were scored as categorical traits with 3 degrees of severity (nonaffected, mild, and @entity146 ). Genetic parameters were estimated by fitting both a standard linear model and an ordinal threshold animal model. Around 21% of @entity291 had at least 1 @entity74 , and the most frequent disorders were SU, DE, @entity62 , and CL. Heritabilities of @entity74 estimated with a linear model ranged from 0.01 ( @entity2688 ) to 0.05 ( @entity74 ), whereas estimates from the ordinal threshold models ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 (for @entity2688 and @entity1373 , respectively). Repeatabilities of claw health estimated with the linear model varied from 0.03 to 0.18 and estimates with the ordinal threshold model ranged from 0.33 to 0.69. The global trait @entity74 was correlated with all disorders, except for @entity1373 and @entity2688 when the linear model was fitted. Two different genetic backgrounds of @entity74 were found. @entity11536 showed positive correlations with @entity1373 and @entity2688 , whereas SU was positively correlated with @entity62 and CL. The predictive ability of the models was assessed using mean squared error and Pearson correlation between the real observation and the corresponding prediction using cross-validation. Regardless of the claw health status, the linear model led to smaller mean squared error. However, differences in predictive ability were found when predicting nonaffected and affected animals. For most traits, healthy @entity291 were better predicted using the threshold model, whereas the linear model fitted affected @entity291 better. Correlations between the observed data and corresponding predictions support those results ranging from 0.01 to 0.34. Claw health traits showed enough genetic variance to be included in the selection goal for Spanish Holsteins to select animals with less susceptibility to claw health problems, and we suggest the linear model for implementing genetic evaluations of claw heath traits.

title: Models for genetic evaluations of claw health traits in Spanish dairy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11536 :: ('MESH:D058066', 'Disease') :: ['Digital dermatitis', 'interdigital and digital dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['severe disorder']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['IH', 'interdigital hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['IP', 'interdigital phlegmon (IP), and chronic laminitis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['OCD', 'overall claw disorder', 'claw disorders', 'claw disorder']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['WL', 'white line disease']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The chromatin-binding @entity48205 protein was recently reported to promote the growth of HPV+ and HPV- @entity213 ( @entity213 ). Relevant cellular and molecular mechanism(s) controlled by @entity48205 in @entity213 remain poorly understood. While @entity48205 is known to regulate specific transcriptional targets, global @entity48205 -dependent gene networks in @entity213 are unknown. To identify @entity48205 transcriptional signatures we performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in @entity213 cell lines that were either @entity942 for @entity48205 . Bioinformatic analyses and subsequent validation revealed that @entity4101 , a regulator of inflammatory signaling, and @entity4101 -dependent regulatory networks were significantly repressed upon @entity48205 knockdown in @entity213 . According to TCGA data, 14% of @entity213 specimens overexpressed @entity4101 , thus supporting possible oncogenic functions. Furthermore, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of @entity4101 in @entity213 cell lines was sufficient to attenuate downstream signaling such as @entity1366 and to induce @entity213 cell death by apoptosis. Finally, targeting @entity48205 and @entity4101 simultaneously enhanced cell death as compared to targeting either alone. Our findings reveal that @entity4101 promotes cell survival and is an attractive therapeutic target in @entity213 cells. Thus, we propose a model wherein @entity4101 stimulates @entity5 signaling and phenotypes both independently and in conjunction with @entity48205 .

title: @entity4101 is a novel XXXX transcriptional target and is essential for head and neck cancer cell survival.

entities_list: @entity213 :: ('MESH:C535575', 'Disease') :: ['HNSCCs', 'HNSCC', 'head and neck squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['proficient or deficient']

answer: @entity48205 :: (7913,Gene) :: ['DEK']


abstract: PURPOSE: Simple @entity99 ( @entity99 ) are relatively frequent and often asymptomatic. When symptomatic, surgery is recommended. Most @entity1 can be treated with laparoscopic deroofing. However, recurrence rate varies greatly, and there is no consensus on the optimal approach for symptomatic recurrences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study on 33 @entity1 surgically treated for symptomatic simple @entity99 was performed. Recurrence was considered only when symptomatic. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were initially submitted to laparoscopic deroofing. Symptomatic recurrence was found in five @entity1 treated with laparoscopic deroofing. Specific location of the cysts was a common characteristic. In three cases, recurrence was unsuccessfully treated with open deroofing, and @entity1 were submitted to resection. Open deroofing does not offer any advantage in terms of recurrence in comparison with laparoscopic deroofing. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic deroofing can be proposed for symptomatic recurrent cysts, except for cysts located in S4, S7 and S8, where recurrence rates are higher and complete resection should be undertaken.

title: Technical challenges in treating recurrent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['NPHC', 'non-parasitic hepatic cysts']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['non-parasitic hepatic cysts']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nature images are frequently used for therapeutic purposes in hospital settings. Nature images may distract @entity1 from @entity158 and promote psychological and physiological well-being, yet limited research is available to guide the selection process of nature images. OBJECTIVE: The hypothesis is that higher degrees of presence and/or influence in the still photograph make it more effective at holding the viewer's attention, which therefore may distract the viewer from @entity158 , and therefore be considered therapeutic. Research questions include: (1) Is there a significant difference in the level of perceived presence among the selected images? (2) Is there a significant difference in the level of perceived influence among the selected images? (3) Is there a correlation between levels of presence and levels of influence? METHODS: 109 college students were randomly assigned to one of four different image categories defined by Appleton's prospect refuge theory of landscape preference. Categories included prospect, refuge, hazard, and mixed prospect and refuge. A control group was also included. Each investigation was divided into five periods: prereporting, rest, a @entity158 stressor (hand in ice water for up to 120 seconds), recovery, and postreporting. Physiological readings (vital signs) were measured repeatedly using a Dinamap automatic vital sign tracking machine. Psychological responses (mood) to the image were collected using a reliable instrument, the Profile of Mood States. RESULTS: No significant statistical difference in levels of presence was found among the four image categories. However, levels of influence differed and the hazard nature image category had significantly higher influence ratings and lower diastolic blood pressure readings during the @entity158 treatment. A correlation (r = .62) between presence and influence was identified; as one rose, so did the other. Mood state was significantly low for the hazard nature image after the @entity158 stressor experience. CONCLUSIONS: Though the hazard image caused distraction from @entity158 , it is nontherapeutic because of the low mood ratings it received. These preliminary findings contribute methodology to the research field and stimulate interest for additional research into the visual effects of nature images on @entity158 .

title: The effects of presence and influence in nature images in a simulated hospital XXXX room.

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Treatment results for 36 @entity1 with juvenile @entity816 treated from 1942 through 1985 at the University of California, San Francisco, were reviewed. Twenty-two @entity5 were located in the posterior fossa, 10 were in the hypothalamic region, and four were in the cerebral hemispheres. Twenty-eight @entity1 were less than 18 years of age. The overall survival rate was 83% and 70% at 10 and 20 years, respectively. All 12 @entity1 who had total @entity5 resection remain disease-free; only two of the 12 received postoperative irradiation. The 10- and 20-year freedom-from-progression for the 19 @entity1 who had incomplete resection and received at least 40 Gy of postoperative irradiation was 74% and 41%, respectively. All @entity1 who failed treatment had local recurrence. One @entity1 developed diffuse meningeal seeding, after four local recurrences in the posterior fossa over a 23-year period. Six @entity1 failed treatment and had a repeat biopsy at the time of recurrence or at postmortem examination, and three showed histological progression of the @entity5 to an @entity816 . Based on this study and others in the literature, a protocol has been adopted whereby @entity1 who have total @entity5 resection are not treated with postoperative irradiation. @entity1 who have incomplete @entity5 resection and are older than 3 years of age are currently treated with postoperative partial-brain irradiation, to a dose of 45 to 60 Gy. In general, young @entity1 with incomplete resection are followed closely with computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and are treated with chemotherapy or irradiation if @entity5 progression is documented.

title: Treatment results of juvenile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma', 'anaplastic astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['pilocytic astrocytoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies found weak protective relations between dietary fiber intake and the risk of @entity65 events. However, few of the studies addressed possible mechanisms of the effect. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we estimated relations between the progression of @entity731 and the intake of selective dietary fiber fractions. Mediation of the relations by serum lipids was also investigated. DESIGN: @entity1 who were free of @entity299 and aged 40-60 y were recruited into the cohort (n = 573; 47% @entity1 ). The @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of the common carotid arteries was measured ultrasonographically at the baseline examination and at 2 follow-up examinations (n = 500), dietary intakes were assessed with six 24-h recalls (3 at baseline and 3 at the first follow-up examination), and blood samples were analyzed at baseline and at both follow-up examinations. RESULTS: A significant inverse association was observed between @entity121 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber (P = 0.05) and pectin (P = 0.01). Correction for measurement error increased the magnitude of these estimated effects. The ratio of total to HDL @entity165 was inversely related to the intakes of total fiber (P = 0.01), viscous fiber (P = 0.05), and pectin (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the association between @entity121 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber and pectin was attenuated by adjustment for serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of viscous fiber, especially pectin, appears to protect against @entity121 progression. Serum lipids may act as a mediator between dietary fiber intake and @entity121 progression.

title: Dietary fiber and progression of XXXX : the Los Angeles @entity731 Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerosis']


abstract: @entity1862 (HU), an orally administered chemotherapy, has become the de facto standard therapeutic agent in @entity1 with surgically and radiation refractory @entity1653 based on a limited literature. A retrospective case series of 60 @entity1 with recurrent WHO grade 1 @entity1653 treated with HU following progression after surgery and radiotherapy was conducted with primary study objective progression free survival (PFS) at 6- and 12-months. Sixty @entity1 (45 @entity1 ; 15 @entity1 : median age 61.5  years, range 26-88) with recurrent @entity1653 were treated with HU (1000  mg/m(2)/day orally divided twice per day; one cycle operationally defined as 4-weeks of daily HU). All @entity1 had progressed radiographically after prior therapy with surgery (60/60) and radiotherapy (external beam radiotherapy 60/60; stereotactic radiotherapy 53/60). No @entity1 received prior chemotherapy or targeted therapy before instituting HU. @entity1 received 1-12 cycles (median 2.0) of HU with modest @entity137 (10% grade 3  +  @entity417 or @entity1295 ). There were no radiographic responses, 35% of @entity1 had stable disease and 65% manifested progressive disease. Duration of stable disease ranged from 3 to 12  months (median 4.0  months). The overall PFS was 10% (median PFS 2.0  months). The majority of @entity1 (80%) following progression on HU were subsequently treated on an investigational trial. In this retrospective case series, HU though generally well tolerated and convenient, appeared to have very limited activity which raises questions of what constitutes effective salvage therapy and indicates an unmet need for alternative treatments for recurrent @entity1653 .

title: XXXX for recurrent surgery and radiation refractory @entity1653 : a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['Hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

answer: @entity1862 :: (MESH:D006918,Chemical) :: ['Hydroxyurea']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Animal behavior can have profound effects on pathogen transmission and disease incidence. We studied the questing (= host-seeking) behavior of @entity3966 ( @entity3966 ) nymphs, which are the primary vectors of @entity3001 in the eastern United States. @entity3001 is common in northern but not in southern regions, and prior ecological studies have found that standard methods used to collect host-seeking nymphs in northern regions are unsuccessful in the south. This led us to hypothesize that there are behavior differences between northern and southern nymphs that alter how readily they are collected, and how likely they are to transmit the etiological agent of @entity3001 to @entity1 . To examine this question, we compared the questing behavior of @entity3966 nymphs originating from one northern ( @entity3001 endemic) and two southern (non-endemic) US regions at field sites in Wisconsin, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Florida. Laboratory-raised uninfected nymphs were monitored in circular 0.2 m2 arenas containing wooden dowels (mimicking stems of understory vegetation) for 10 (2011) and 19 (2012) weeks. The probability of observing nymphs questing on these stems (2011), and on stems, on top of leaf litter, and on arena walls (2012) was much greater for northern than for southern origin ticks in both years and at all field sites (19.5 times greater in 2011; 3.6-11.6 times greater in 2012). Our findings suggest that southern origin @entity3966 nymphs rarely emerge from the leaf litter, and consequently are unlikely to contact passing @entity1 . We propose that this difference in questing behavior accounts for observed geographic differences in the efficacy of the standard sampling techniques used to collect questing nymphs. These findings also support our hypothesis that very low @entity3001 incidence in southern states is, in part, a consequence of the type of host-seeking behavior exhibited by southern populations of the key @entity3001 vector.

title: Different Populations of XXXX Nymphs Exhibit Differences in Questing Behavior That Have Implications for @entity1 Lyme Disease Risk.

entities_list: @entity3001 :: ('MESH:D008193', 'Disease') :: ['Lyme disease']

entities_list: @entity3966 :: ('6945', 'Species') :: ['I. scapularis', 'blacklegged tick', 'Ixodes scapularis']

answer: @entity3966 :: (6945,Species) :: ['Blacklegged Tick']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if persistent airway tissue mast cells are associated with treatment failure when @entity1 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multicenter, tertiary referral centers. @entity1 OR @entity1 : Forty-five subjects with @entity565 recruited from six medical centers in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: The Asthma Clinical Research Network undertook a 28-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 164 subjects with clinically stable, persistent @entity565 . A subset of subjects (n = 45) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BAL at the end of a 6-week run-in period, during which all subjects received @entity2995 ( @entity2796 ), 400 microg bid. Airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were quantified morphometrically along with determination of BAL tryptase. At the end of the run-in period, subjects were then randomized to receive @entity10453 (42 micro g bid), placebo, or continue @entity2796 for 16 weeks followed by a second bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Outcome variables included airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells that were quantified morphometrically and BAL tryptase. Thirty-five subjects completed the treatment phase; an additional 10 subjects, who were randomized to either @entity10453 or placebo after the run-in, had treatment failure. When the bronchoscopy results performed at the end of the run-in, prior to randomization, were analyzed, the treatment failure group demonstrated significantly more tissue mast cells as compared to the nontreatment failure group despite 6 weeks of therapy with @entity2796 (p = 0.04). BAL tryptase was also significantly higher in the treatment failure group (p < 0.0001). Of those subjects who completed the study, tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase did not change significantly within any of the treatment groups during the treatment phase (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent elevations in airway tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase after treatment with @entity2796 predict treatment failure in @entity1 for whom discontinuation of ICS is being considered.

title: Airway tissue mast cells in persistent @entity565 : predictor of treatment failure when XXXX discontinue inhaled corticosteroids.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity2995 :: ('MESH:D014222', 'Chemical') :: ['triamcinolone acetonide']

entities_list: @entity10453 :: ('MESH:C057823', 'Chemical') :: ['salmeterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate adherence and persistence with etanercept plus @entity1499 (ETN- @entity6822 ) combination therapy and @entity6822 , @entity6383 , and @entity3378 triple therapy at 1 year following treatment initiation in adults with @entity309 ( @entity309 ). METHODS: This retrospective analysis used data from the Truven Health MarketScan   Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases from January 2009 to July 2013. Adherence was defined as having Percentage of Days Covered   >   80% for all drugs within each regimen. Persistence was defined as no   >   45-day treatment gap with any drug and no addition or switch to other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Multiple logistic regression models were employed in the analyses to control for potential confounders. RESULTS: A total of 3,724 ETN- @entity6822 @entity1 and 818 triple therapy @entity1 were eligible. At 1 year, 27.9% on ETN- @entity6822 and 18.2% on triple therapy were adherent to all agents in their regimen (P   <   0.0001) and 29.4% on ETN- @entity6822 and 23.2% on triple therapy were persistent (P   <   0.001). After adjusting for confounders, ETN- @entity6822 @entity1 had significantly greater odds of being adherent (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47, 2.17) and persistent (OR 1.45; 95% CI 1.20, 1.72) compared with @entity1 on triple therapy. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity309 initiating treatment with ETN- @entity6822 combination therapy demonstrated greater adherence and persistence at 1 year than @entity1 initiating triple therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Etanercept- XXXX combination therapy initiators have greater adherence and persistence than triple therapy initiators with @entity309 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity6383 :: ('MESH:D006886', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxychloroquine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity3378 :: ('MESH:D012460', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfasalazine']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: PURPOSE: Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) can be delivered with brachytherapy within 4-5 days compared with 5-6 weeks for conventional whole breast external beam radiotherapy. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 95-17 is the first prospective phase I-II cooperative group trial of APBI alone after lumpectomy in select @entity1 with @entity0 . The @entity137 rates are reported for low-dose-rate (LDR) and @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) APBI on this trial. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The inclusion criteria for this study included @entity3 < or =3 cm after lumpectomy with negative surgical margins and axillary dissection with zero to three positive axillary nodes without extracapsular extension. The @entity1 were treated with either LDR APBI (45 Gy in 3.5-5 days) or @entity1168 APBI (34 Gy in 10 twice-daily fractions within 5 days). Chemotherapy (> or =2 weeks after APBI) and/or @entity440 could be given at the discretion of the treating physicians. RESULTS: Between August 1997 and March 2000, 100 @entity1 were enrolled in this study, and 99 were evaluated. Of the 99 @entity1 , 33 were treated with LDR and 66 with @entity1168 APBI. The median follow-up for all @entity1 was 2.7 years (range, 0.6-4.4 years) and was 2.9 years for LDR and 2.7 years for @entity1168 @entity1 . @entity137 attributed to APBI included erythema, @entity4 , @entity925 , @entity158 , and @entity281 . Of the 66 @entity1 treated with @entity1168 APBI, 2 (3%) had Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 . Of the 33 @entity1 treated with LDR, 3 (9%) had Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 during brachytherapy. Late @entity137 included skin thickening, @entity82 , breast @entity925 , and @entity8721 . No @entity1 experienced late Grade 4 @entity137 ; the rate of Grade 3 @entity137 was 18% for the LDR and 4% for the @entity1168 groups. CONCLUSION: Acute and late @entity137 for this invasive breast radiation technique was modest and acceptable. @entity1 receiving chemotherapy, a nonprotocol therapy, had a greater rate of Grade 3 @entity137 . The study design did not allow for this to be tested statistically.

title: Phase II trial of brachytherapy alone after lumpectomy for select @entity0 : XXXX analysis of RTOG 95-17.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity8721 :: ('MESH:D013684', 'Disease') :: ['telangiectasias']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive nonlobular tumors']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['tenderness']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['HDR', 'high-dose-rate']

answer: @entity137 :: (MESH:D064420,Disease) :: ['toxicity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower @entity360 is usually self-limiting in about 80% of cases; however, surgical treatment may be required in selected cases. Preoperative precise identification of the @entity548 source is crucial for a successful outcome. OBJECTIVE: To determine the most frequent diagnoses, as well as short and long-term results in a series of @entity1 who underwent a surgical procedure for lower @entity360 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 39 @entity1 operated upon for lower @entity360 from 1979 through 1997 in a referral center. Demographic data, history, physical examination, laboratory tests, resuscitative measures, preoperative work-up for identification of @entity548 source, definitive cause of @entity548 , surgical procedure, operative morbidity and mortality, as well as long-term status and recurrence of @entity548 were recorded. RESULTS: There were 54% @entity1 and 46% @entity1 . Mean age was 56 years (range, 15-92). Most @entity1 presented @entity360 (69%). Colonoscopy was the most used diagnostic procedure (69%). The @entity548 source was located in 90% of @entity1 . @entity66 was the most frequent cause of @entity548 . A segmental bowel resection was the treatment in 97% of cases. Morbidity was 23% with 18% of mortality. Recurrence occurred in 9% of survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Morbidity and mortality were high. @entity1 who require a surgical operation should be carefully selected and evaluated with a complete work-up to determine the site and cause of @entity548 .

title: [Surgical treatment of lower digestive tract XXXX . Experience at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias M  dicas y Nutrici  n Salvador Zubir  n].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding', 'hematochezia']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Diverticular disease']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The authors present a retrospective cohort study examining complications in @entity1 undergoing surgery for @entity91 using both minimally invasive endoscopic and open approaches. METHODS Over the past 10 years, 295 nonsyndromic @entity1 (140 undergoing endoscopic procedures and 155 undergoing open procedures) and 33 syndromic @entity1 (endoscopic procedures in 10 and open procedures in 23) met the authors' criteria. Variables analyzed included age at surgery, presence of a preexisting CSF shunt, skin incision method, estimated @entity190 , transfusions of packed red blood cells, use of intravenous @entity230 or @entity927 , intraoperative durotomies, procedure length, and length of hospital stay. Complications were classified as either surgically or medically related. RESULTS In the nonsyndromic endoscopic group, the authors experienced 3 (2.1%) surgical and 5 (3.6%) medical complications. In the nonsyndromic open group, there were 2 (1.3%) surgical and 7 (4.5%) medical complications. Intraoperative durotomies occurred in 5 (3.6%) endoscopic and 12 (7.8%) open cases, were repaired primarily, and did not result in reoperations for CSF leakage. Similar complication rates were seen in syndromic cases. There was no death or permanent morbidity. Additionally, endoscopic procedures were associated with significantly decreased estimated @entity190 , transfusions, procedure length, and length of hospital stay compared with open procedures. CONCLUSIONS Rates of intraoperative durotomies and surgical and medical complications were comparable between endoscopic and open techniques. This is the largest direct comparison to date between endoscopic and open interventions for @entity8213 , and the results are in agreement with previous series that endoscopic surgery confers distinct advantages over open surgery in appropriate @entity1 populations.

title: Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic XXXX surgery at a single institution.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity8213 :: ('MESH:D013580', 'Disease') :: ['synostosis']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['craniosynostosis']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['craniosynostosis']


abstract: CONTEXT: Correct assessment of @entity5 stage is crucial for @entity263 ( @entity263 ) management. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for local @entity263 staging and explore the influence of different imaging protocols. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 2000 up to August 2014. We included studies that used MRI for detection of extracapsular extension (ECE; T3a), @entity3 ( @entity3 ; T3b), or overall stage T3 @entity263 , with prostatectomy as the reference standard. Methodologic quality was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool by two independent reviewers. Data necessary to complete 2*2 tables were obtained, and @entity1 , study, and imaging characteristics were extracted. Accuracy was reported for the most experienced or first reader. Results were pooled and plotted in summary receiver operating characteristics plots. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: A total of 75 studies (9796 @entity1 ) could be analysed. Pooled data for ECE (45 studies, 5681 @entity1 ), @entity3 (34 studies, 5677 @entity1 ), and overall stage T3 detection (38 studies, 4001 @entity1 ) showed sensitivity and specificity of 0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.49-0.64) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.93), 0.58 (95% CI 0.47-0.68) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.95-0.97), and 0.61 (95% CI 0.54-0.67) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.85-0.91), respectively. Functional imaging in addition to T2-weighted imaging and use of higher field strengths (3 T) improved sensitivity for ECE and @entity3 . ECE sensitivity was not improved by endorectal coil use. CONCLUSIONS: MRI has high specificity but poor and heterogeneous sensitivity for local @entity263 staging. An endorectal coil showed no additional benefit for ECE detection, but slightly improved sensitivity for @entity3 detection. Higher field strengths and the use of functional imaging techniques can slightly improve sensitivity. @entity1 SUMMARY: We pooled the results from all previous studies that evaluated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of @entity5 growth outside the prostate. MRI is not sensitive enough to find all @entity5 with extraprostatic growth.

title: Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Local Staging of XXXX : A Diagnostic Meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle invasion', 'SVI']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate Cancer']


abstract: Oncolytic viruses that are replication competent in @entity5 but not in normal cells represent a novel approach for treating @entity5 . However, the oncolytic potency of replicating agents is determined directly by their capability of infecting target cells. Most adenoviruses used for gene therapy or virotherapy have been based on serotype 5 ( @entity11650 ). Unfortunately, expression of the primary receptor for @entity11650 (the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, or @entity16565 ) is highly variable on ovarian and other @entity5 cells. By performing genetic fiber pseudotyping, we created @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 , a conditionally replicating adenovirus that does not bind @entity16565 but facilitates entry into and killing of @entity43 cells. We show replication of @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 and subsequent oncolysis of @entity43 lines. Replication was also analyzed with quantitative PCR on three-dimensional primary @entity5 cell spheroids purified from @entity1 samples. Moreover, in a therapeutic orthotopic model of peritoneal @entity189 , dramatically enhanced survival was noted. Finally, @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 achieved a significant antitumor effect as assessed by noninvasive, in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Therefore, the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of @entity11650 /3- @entity39125 is improved over the respective @entity16565 - and integrin-binding controls. Taken together with promising biodistribution and @entity137 data, this approach could translate into successful clinical interventions for @entity43 @entity1 .

title: Enhanced therapeutic efficacy for XXXX with a serotype 3 receptor-targeted oncolytic adenovirus.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian adenocarcinoma', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'neoplastic diseases']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: The effect of energy substrate depletion and of high @entity880 (LA) load on the development of irreversible cell injury was evaluated in the lateral gastrocnemius muscle of @entity95 subjected to 4 hr of tourniquet hindlimb @entity63 . Three groups of animals were studied. Group I, high @entity855 - @entity63 , these animals were subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group II, low @entity855 --low LA @entity63 , in this group the gastrocnemius muscle was electrically stimulated for 5 min during @entity63 conditions to reduce the glycogen store, a short reperfusion period was allowed after the stimulation in order to wash out the built up LA, and the muscle was then subjected to 4 hr of @entity63 ; group III, low @entity855 --high LA @entity63 , in this group glycogen was depleted as in group II, but no reperfusion period was allowed before the 4 hr period of @entity63 . In group I, @entity855 levels were well preserved during the @entity63 period, whereas in the substrate-deprived groups (II and III) a rapid depletion of @entity855 and @entity1734 (CP) occurred. The LA was twice as high in the "high LA" group (III) as in the "low LA" group (II) during the @entity63 period. The extent of injury was evaluated after 24 hr of reperfusion by measuring @entity855 and CP content, and contractile force and by light microscopy. No or minor cell damage was found in group I. In group III--high LA--no recovery was obtained in any of the variables used for evaluation. In group II--Low LA--there was a certain recovery. @entity855 and CP increased to about 35% and contractile force to 25% of control. Morphologically about 20% of the muscle cells appeared to be unaffected by the @entity63 insult. It is concluded that reduction of the glycogen available for @entity855 resynthesis during the @entity63 period drastically reduces the ability of skeletal muscle to withstand prolonged @entity63 . A high LA load seems to amplify the deleterious effects of a low initial substrate level.

title: Influence of tissue XXXX and @entity855 levels on postischemic recovery in @entity95 skeletal muscle.

entities_list: @entity1734 :: ('CHEBI:17287', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocreatine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactic acid']

answer: @entity880 :: (MESH:D019344,Chemical) :: ['lactic acid']


abstract: Many adhesion molecule pathways have been invoked as mediating leukocyte recruitment during immune complex-induced @entity32 . However the individual roles of these molecules have not been identified via direct visualization of an affected microvasculature. Therefore, to identify the specific adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte rolling and adhesion in immune complex-dependent @entity32 we used intravital microscopy to examine postcapillary venules in the @entity19 cremaster muscle. Wild-type @entity19 underwent an intrascrotal reverse-passive Arthus model of immune complex-dependent @entity32 and subsequently, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and P- and @entity24780 expression were assessed in cremasteric postcapillary venules. At 4 hours, the reverse-passive Arthus response induced a significant reduction in leukocyte rolling velocity and significant increases in adhesion and emigration. P-selectin expression was increased above constitutive levels whereas @entity24780 showed a transient induction of expression peaking between 2.5 to 4 hours and declining thereafter. While @entity24780 was expressed, rolling could only be eliminated by combined blockade of P- and @entity24780 . However, by 8 hours, all rolling was P-selectin-dependent. In contrast, inhibition of @entity6580 had a minimal effect on leukocyte rolling, but significantly reduced both adhesion and emigration. These observations demonstrate that immune complex-mediated leukocyte recruitment in the cremaster muscle involves overlapping roles for the endothelial selectins and @entity6580 .

title: Overlapping roles of endothelial selectins and XXXX in immune complex-induced leukocyte recruitment in the cremasteric microvasculature.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6580 :: ('22329(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']

answer: @entity6580 :: (22329(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['vascular cell adhesion molecule-1']


abstract: PURPOSE: There is no consensus on the best regimen for the primary treatment of low-risk @entity1469 ( @entity1469 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: Two commonly used single-drug regimens were compared with respect to the proportion of @entity1 meeting the criteria for a complete response (CR) in a randomized phase III trial conducted by the Gynecologic Oncology Group. Eligibility was purposefully broad to maximize the generalizability of the results and included @entity1 with a WHO risk score of 0 to 6 and @entity1 with @entity3 (limited to lung lesions < 2 cm, adnexa, or vagina) or @entity1466 . RESULTS: Two hundred forty @entity1 were enrolled, and 216 were deemed eligible. Biweekly intravenous @entity4316 1.25 mg/m   was statistically superior to weekly intramuscular (IM) @entity1499 30 mg/m   (CR: 70% v 53%; P = .01). Similarly, in @entity1 with low-risk @entity1469 as defined before the 2002 WHO risk score revisions (risk score of 0 to 4 and excluding @entity1466 ), response was 58% and 73% in the @entity1499 and @entity4316 arms, respectively (P = .03). Both regimens were less effective if the WHO risk score was 5 or 6 or if the diagnosis was @entity1466 (CR: 9% and 42%, respectively). There were two potential recurrences; one at 4 months ( @entity4316 ) and one at 22 months ( @entity1499 ). Not all @entity1 completed follow-up. Both regimens were well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The biweekly @entity4316 regimen has a higher CR rate than the weekly IM @entity1499 regimen in low-risk @entity1469 , a generally curable disease.

title: Phase III trial of weekly @entity1499 or pulsed @entity4316 for low-risk XXXX : a gynecologic oncology group study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1466 :: ('MESH:D002822', 'Disease') :: ['choriocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1469 :: ('MESH:D031901', 'Disease') :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia', 'GTN']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1469 :: (MESH:D031901,Disease) :: ['gestational trophoblastic neoplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the @entity410 to drive after @entity64 , following a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Twenty databases were searched, from inception until @entity4456 , 2010. Potentially relevant studies were reviewed by 2 authors for eligibility. Methodologic quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scores. The @entity410 -to-drive outcome was a pass-fail decision following an on-road evaluation. Differences in off-road performance between the pass and fail groups were calculated using weighted mean effect sizes (d(w)). Statistical heterogeneity was determined with the I   statistic. Random-effects models were performed when the assumption of homogeneity was not met. Cutoff scores of accurate determinants were estimated via receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS: Thirty studies were included in the systematic review and 27 in the meta-analysis. Out of 1,728 @entity1 , 938 (54%) passed the on-road evaluation. The best determinants were Road Sign Recognition (d(w) 1.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-1.44; I(2), 58%), Compass (d(w) 1.06; 95% CI 0.74-1.39; I  , 36%), and Trail Making Test B (TMT B; d(w) 0.81; 95% CI 0.48-1.15; I(2), 49%). Cutoff values of 8.5 points for Road Sign Recognition, 25 points for Compass, and 90 seconds for TMT B were identified to classify unsafe drivers with accuracies of 84%, 85%, and 80%, respectively. Three out of 4 studies found no increased risk of accident involvement in @entity1 cleared to resume driving after @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS: The Road Sign Recognition, Compass, and TMT B are clinically administrable office-based tests that can be used to identify @entity1 with @entity64 at risk of failing an on-road assessment.

title: Screening for XXXX to drive after @entity64 : a systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['fitness', 'best determinants of fitness']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Somatotropic effects are described in the skin. Indeed, @entity2012 is in part clinically recognized by cutaneous coarsening. The actual changes in tensile properties associated with the cutaneous manifestations are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES: To study the relationships between the skin tensile properties and the severity of @entity2012 as assessed by serum levels of @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) and @entity442 ( @entity442 ). @entity1 AND METHOD: Assessments were made in 13 @entity1 with @entity2012 treated by @entity1943 agonists combined or not with surgery. A total of 39 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects served as controls. Skin tensile properties were measured on the forearm and nape of the neck using a computerized suction device. RESULTS: Significant differences were yielded between the skin tensile properties in @entity1 and normal subjects. The highest @entity442 values in the @entity1 ' medical records were positively correlated with both skin distensibility and biologic elasticity. The most recent @entity442 serum levels were negatively correlated with the visco-elastic ratio. No correlations were yielded between any of the biomechanical parameters and @entity2124 levels, disease duration and treatment dosages, respectively. CONCLUSION: The skin in @entity2012 appears to be functionally more redundant and elastic than normal skin. The biomechanical changes appear quite different from those observed in other diseases with collagen deposition such as @entity6 and @entity2631 .

title: Skin tensile properties in @entity1 treated for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['insulin-like growth factor 1', 'IGF-1']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['scleroderma']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

answer: @entity2012 :: (MESH:D000172,Disease) :: ['acromegaly']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this paper were to evaluate the serum @entity1243 levels in healthy adolescents and to establish standard age variation curves. METHODS: Nine hundred six (414 @entity1 and 492 @entity1 ) healthy adolescents were investigated. The maximum increment age in height (MIA) was identified in 124 @entity1 and 130 @entity1 . The menarcheal age (MA) was obtained for 130 @entity1 . Fasting @entity1243 levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay. The MIA was calculated by proportional allotment of yearly height increments. RESULTS: Serum @entity1243 levels did not change in @entity1 and @entity1 from the ages of 9 to 11. They decreased after the age of 11 in @entity1 , while they increased in @entity1 . Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that serum @entity1243 levels were closely related to pubertal stage. The levels decreased remarkably after MIA in @entity1 and increased remarkably after MA in @entity1 . We drew standard age variation curves of serum @entity1243 levels by calculating the 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles for each age in both @entity1 and @entity1 . The percentile curves for @entity1 were divided into pre-MIA and post-MIA curves. Those for @entity1 were divided into pre-MA and post-MA curves. CONCLUSION: We have devised a potentially useful method for evaluating serum @entity1243 levels in adolescents considering the effects of gender and growth.

title: Serum XXXX levels in healthy adolescents: Effects of gender and growth.

answer: @entity1243 :: (3952,Gene) :: ['leptin']


abstract: PURPOSE: The alpha4-subunit gene of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor ( @entity6786 ) has been identified as the first gene underlying an idiopathic @entity302 in @entity1 @entity4940 . Studies provided evidence that the protein coded by @entity6786 is one of the most abundant subunits of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptors in @entity1 brains, and mutations of @entity6786 seem to cause @entity528 . The @entity6786 gene may have a role in the development of @entity410 ( @entity410 ), the majority of childhood @entity410 . This study assessed the distribution of genotypes of @entity6786 in @entity1 with @entity410 . METHODS: A total of 102 @entity1 with @entity410 and 80 normal control subjects were included in the study. Polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the @entity6344 polymorphism of the @entity6786 gene. Genotypes and allelic frequencies for the @entity6786 gene polymorphisms in both groups were compared. RESULTS: The number of individuals with heterozygous @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-C/T genotype was significantly greater (60.8% vs. 32.5%; p = 0.001), and the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-T allele frequency was significantly higher (p = 0.001), in @entity1 with @entity410 compared with healthy controls. The odds ratio for developing @entity410 in individuals with the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-CT genotype was 3.77 compared with individuals with two copies of the @entity6786 ( @entity72787 )-C allele. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated an association between the @entity6786 gene and @entity410 . Individuals with the T allele had a higher incidence of @entity410 . These data suggest that the @entity6786 gene or a closely linked gene might be one of the susceptibility factors for @entity410 .

title: Association of the neuronal nicotinic @entity934 receptor subunit alpha4 polymorphisms with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6344 :: ('c|SUB|C||T', 'DNAMutation') :: ['C/T']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'FCs', 'febrile convulsions']

entities_list: @entity72787 :: ('p|SUB|S|543|S', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Ser543Ser']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['partial epilepsy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity4940 :: ('MESH:D017034', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal excitation']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['febrile convulsions']


abstract: In conjunction with the Neonatology Department at Loma Linda University @entity1 's Hospital, a new protocol has evolved for the management of @entity1 with @entity6675 , which obviates both risks associated with primary and staged silo closure. After stabilization of the @entity1 in the neonatal intensive care unit, under sterile conditions, a 5- or 7-cm SILASTIC silo with a spring-loaded ring is placed over the exposed viscera, under the @entity4438 . No sutures are required. A @entity3575 drip is given, and the bowel is gradually reduced over the next few days. The transparent material of the silo allows for continuous monitoring of the condition of the bowel. Second-stage closure in the operating room is performed using a purse-string suture in the fascia to create a pseudoumbilicus. From October 1992 to April 1994 the authors managed 10 @entity1 using this protocol. The results are compared with those of @entity1 with @entity6675 treated at the same institution between August 1982 and June 1993. Outcome parameters to be compared include time until closure, time on ventilation, days of total parenteral nutrition, time until start of oral feeding, time until toleration of full-volume oral feeding, and time until discharge. The authors conclude that silo closure in the neonatal intensive care unit is simple, quick, and effective. It eliminates multiple trips to the operating room, allows the natural accommodation of the bowel into the abdominal cavity with @entity4 and minimal vascular compromise, and has become the authors' treatment of choice for @entity1 with @entity6675 .

title: XXXX : a simple technique for staged silo closure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Children', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity4438 :: ('MESH:C563219', 'Disease') :: ['fascial defect']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['little edema']

entities_list: @entity6675 :: ('MESH:D020139', 'Disease') :: ['gastroschisis']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity6675 :: (MESH:D020139,Disease) :: ['Gastroschisis']


abstract: We recently demonstrated that reactive astrocytes express @entity1110 diaphorase activity, a marker for @entity842 Synthase, following transient global @entity63 (Neuroscience Letters 154: 125-128). There has been little evidence that astrocytes express @entity842 Synthase or produce NO ( @entity842 ) in vivo; although in vitro experiments have shown that cultured astrocytes can produce NO. To determine whether reactive astrocytes express inducible form of NOS ( @entity1506 ) in vivo, we studied the pathological changes of @entity35 hippocampus by immunohistochemistry after 10 minutes of transient global @entity63 , which results in the selective delayed death of @entity1249 pyramidal cells and marked @entity5219 in the @entity1249 subfield. In the normal hippocampus, astrocytes express neither @entity1110 diaphorase activity nor @entity1506 . After @entity63 , the temporal and spatial pattern of @entity1506 , @entity1110 diaphorase, and @entity40 are very similar, indicating that reactive astrocytes express @entity1506 . Double staining for @entity1110 diaphorase and @entity40 , or @entity1506 and @entity40 confirmed that reactive astrocytes express both @entity1110 diaphorase activity and @entity1506 immunoreactivity. These changes were observed three day after @entity63 and increased in prominence from one week to one month. The staining pattern of OX42, an antibody that recognizes both microglia and macrophages, is spatially and temporally distinct from the pattern of @entity1110 diaphorase and @entity1506 staining. Thus, we conclude that transient global @entity63 induces @entity1506 primarily in reactive astrocytes. This increase in NOS expression and, presumably, NO production by reactive astrocytes may play a role in the process of delayed @entity528 or in the remodeling responses that occur after @entity2806 .

title: Expression of the inducible form of XXXX synthase by reactive astrocytes after transient global @entity63 .

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric Oxide', 'nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity740 ( @entity740 ) is an important health problem that gradually leads to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). In @entity454 @entity1 , @entity204 due to other diseases or some events, such as renal transplantation (known as competing risks), would change the probability of observing the event of interest. The aim of this study was to estimate the survival of @entity454 @entity1 using competing risk analyses. METHODS: In this retrospective longitudinal study, 307 @entity454 @entity1 who were older than 20 were recruited from the dialysis and kidney transplant Centers in Kerman City, Iran, from2007 to 2011. To assess the impacts of the investigated factors on the outcome, a cause-specific hazard model and competing risk models were fitted. Also, the cumulative incidence (CI) approach and sensitivity analysis were implemented. All of the analyses were performed using Stata software, V.12. RESULTS: The results of competing risk models showed that age and type of dialysis were associated with @entity204 (hazard ratio (HR)=1.03, p<0.001 and HR=1.65, p=0.011, respectively). In cause specific hazard model each year increase in age was associated with a 2% increase in the risk of @entity204 . Also, the types of dialysis were associated significantly with @entity204 (HR=1.93), and the effect of the type of dialysis was estimated as HR=1.51 (p=0.04) when we assumed that all @entity1 who had experienced transplantation survived for the longest survival time. For those for whom receiving the transplantation was considered as @entity204 , the HR for the type of dialysis as well as the corresponding p-values were 1.82 and 0.001, respectively. CONCLUSION: Ignoring the competing risks of @entity204 due to @entity454 , such as renal transplantation, in estimating the survival of these @entity1 might lead to overestimation of the results.

title: Competing Risk Analyses of @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease', 'CKD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity454 :: (MESH:D007676,Disease) :: ['End-Stage Renal Disease']


abstract: Since the late 1950s, prophylactic therapy has been used in @entity1 with severe @entity447 in order to convert their phenotype into the phenotype of moderate @entity447 . In the early years, prophylaxis was mostly started after the development of @entity2720 . This secondary prophylaxis decreased the number of @entity548 but did not halt the development of @entity2720 . With the start of primary prophylaxis, however, it was shown that both joint @entity548 and @entity2720 could be prevented. Although its benefits have been proved, prophylaxis has been used as standard treatment for @entity1 in only few countries. There are now favorable results with prophylaxis on @entity548 and @entity2720 with more than 25 years of follow-up. In general, the strategies used for prophylaxis can be divided into those that are targeted at preinfusion clotting factor levels of > 1% and those that are guided by clinical @entity548 patterns of individual @entity1 . In both types of strategies, treatment should be started early, before the start of joint damage. However, clotting factor consumption in the first group of strategies is expected to be higher, whereas @entity548 frequencies are expected to be slightly lower. The differences in long-term outcome between both strategies may only become apparent after more than two decades. In addition, some @entity1 may be able to stop taking prophylaxis in adulthood while maintaining a low @entity548 frequency. In conclusion, although the optimal prophylactic regimen is still under debate, it is well established that prophylaxis reduces or even prevents joint @entity548 and @entity2720 . Therefore, prophylaxis should be offered to all @entity1 with severe @entity447 , at least until adulthood.

title: Prophylaxis for severe XXXX : experience from Europe and the United States.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilic arthropathy', 'arthropathy']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds']

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia']

answer: @entity447 :: (MESH:D006467,Disease) :: ['hemophilia']


abstract: Renal biopsies of 23 @entity4521 addicts who presented with the @entity1985 were examined by light and electron microscopy. The majority of @entity1 (14) showed @entity8 on light microscopy, four @entity1 showed "minimal change", and two were classified as "focal @entity1463 ." In one case focal mesangial proliferation was the outstanding feature; one @entity1 had @entity6 ; and one had @entity3630 and dysproteinemia. Visceral epithelial swelling and proliferation were present in 14 @entity1 on light on light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed distinct podocyte changes consisting of loss of foot processes, vacuolization, and cytoplasmic degeneration; focal separation of podocytes from basement membranes was found in 11 of 18 cases. In some instances a few electron-dense deposits were present in the mesangium. @entity8 was not encountered, although it occurs in 30 to 40% of unselected adult @entity1985 individuals. Of 15 @entity1 followed for 2 months to 5 years, one died of @entity4521 @entity1445 , eight went into @entity177 , two improved, and four continued to have @entity644 . It is concluded that @entity1985 of @entity4521 addicts is most often associated with @entity8 and occasionally with @entity1987 or focal @entity1463 . Conceivably these three conditions represent different phases of one disease process, although different reactions to @entity4521 or its various vehicles and contaminants cannot be excluded. The morphologic resemblance to experimental @entity8424 and @entity70770 -induced @entity3450 suggests a possible toxic origin.

title: Glomerular morphology in XXXX @entity4521 addicts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy', 'focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity70770 :: ('MESH:C007291', 'Chemical') :: ["N,N'-diacetylbenzidine"]

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['nephrotic']


abstract: Etodolac, a selective @entity1996 ( @entity1996 ) inhibitor, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. @entity1996 is a key factor in the progression of @entity32 . Although @entity32 is an essential pathologic feature of cardiac allograft rejection, the role of @entity1996 in this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of COX and the effects of etodolac in a @entity19 cardiac allograft model. Balb/c @entity19 (H-2d) were used as recipients and C57BL/6 (H-2b) @entity19 as heart donors. Heart function was evaluated daily after transplantation by regular abdominal palpation of the heart and by laparotomy in cases where the beating became weak. Rejection was defined as total cessation of cardiac muscle contraction. @entity1996 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac isograft was well tolerated (>150 days, n=5), while non-treated cardiac allograft was rapidly rejected (mean  10.9  2.4, n=7). In the etodolac-treated cardiac allograft (10 mg/kg/day by hypodermic injection), survival was extended to 18.53  2.1 days (n=7). The @entity39 area and the grade of @entity1996 immunostaining were more significantly reduced in the etodolac-treated cardiac allograft than in the non-treated cardiac allograft at day  14. These results indicate that etodolac contributes to protection against rejection after heart transplantation. Etodolac could therefore be used to suppress graft rejection by means of its anti-inflammatory properties.

title: Administration of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor etodolac prolongs cardiac allograft survival in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']