abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim if this study was to compare @entity5173 ( @entity5173 ) of the gallbladder to emergency cholecystectomy (EC) in a well-defined @entity1 group with @entity295 related to acute calculous/ @entity7140 (ACC/AAC). METHODS: Between 2001 and 2007, all consecutive @entity1 of our ICU treated by either @entity5173 or EC were retrospectively analyzed. Cases were collected from a prospective database. Percutaneous drainage was performed by a transhepatic route and EC by open or laparoscopic approach. @entity1 ' general condition and organ dysfunction were assessed by two validated scoring systems (SAPS II and SOFA, respectively). Morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome were systematically reviewed and analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity1 [median age = 65.5 years (range = 32-94)] were included; 45% underwent EC (ten laparoscopic, nine open) and 55% @entity5173 (n = 23). Both @entity1 groups had similar preoperative characteristics. Percutaneous drainage and EC were successful in 91 and 100% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity881 were similarly improved by the third postoperative/postdrainage days. Despite undergoing @entity5173 , two @entity1 required EC due to @entity2679 . The conversion rate after laparoscopy was 20%. Overall morbidity was 8.7% after @entity5173 and 47% after EC (P = 0.011). Major morbidity was 0% after @entity5173 and 21% after EC (P = 0.034). The mortality rate was not different (13% after @entity5173 and 16% after EC, P = 1.0) and the deaths were all related to the @entity1 ' preexisting disease. Hospital and ICU stays were not different. Recurrent symptoms (17%) occurred only after ACC in the @entity5173 group. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk @entity1 , @entity5173 and EC are both efficient in the resolution of @entity14784 . However, EC is associated with a higher procedure-related morbidity and the laparoscopic approach is not always possible. Percutaneous drainage represents a valuable intervention, but secondary cholecystectomy is mandatory in cases of acute @entity2679 .

title: Percutaneous drainage versus emergency cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute XXXX in critically ill @entity1 : does it matter?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity14784 :: ('MESH:D041881', 'Disease') :: ['acute cholecystitis sepsis']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['percutaneous drainage', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity2679 :: ('MESH:D002764', 'Disease') :: ['gangrenous cholecystitis', 'calculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity7140 :: ('MESH:D042101', 'Disease') :: ['acalculous cholecystitis']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['Organ dysfunctions']

answer: @entity2679 :: (MESH:D002764,Disease) :: ['cholecystitis']


abstract: A new micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method was developed and validated for the analysis of @entity1405 and @entity1169 in @entity1 urine samples. In this study, vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction (VALLE) coupled with field-amplified sample injection and sweeping was employed for biological sample clean-up and sensitivity enhancement in MEKC. After VALLE, the urine samples were analyzed by MEKC. @entity71549 buffer (60mmolL(-1), pH 2.0) containing 40% (v/v) @entity1042 was first filled into an uncoated fused- @entity3440 capillary (56cm, 50  m i.d.). The pretreated urine sample was loaded by electrokinetic injection (10kV, 250s). The stacking and separation were performed using @entity71549 buffer (30mmolL(-1), pH 3.0) containing 30% (v/v) @entity1042 and 50mmolL(-1) @entity3208 ( @entity214 ) at -25kV. Detection was carried out at 195 and 214nm for @entity1405 and @entity1169 , respectively. The suggested method is linear (r(2)>= 0.997) over a dynamic range of 0.005-1  gmL(-1) in urine. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation and relative error values of the method were below 20%, which shows good precision and accuracy. Finally, this method was successfully applied to the analysis of real urine samples.

title: Vortex-assisted liquid-liquid extraction combined with field-amplified sample injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography for improved determination of b-blockers in XXXX urine.

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity71549 :: ('CHEBI:67098', 'Chemical') :: ['Tris-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1405 :: ('MESH:C043211', 'Chemical') :: ['carvedilol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Providing an evidence base for wildlife population management is difficult, due to limited opportunities for experimentation and study replication at the population level. We utilized an opportunity to assess the outcome of a test and cull programme aimed at limiting the spread of @entity2497 in African buffalo. Buffalo act as reservoirs of @entity2499 , the causative agent of @entity291 @entity378 (BTB), which can have major economic, ecological and public health impacts through the risk of @entity281 to other wildlife species, livestock and surrounding communities. BTB prevalence data were collected in conjunction with disease control operations in Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, South Africa, from 1999 to 2006. A total of 4733 buffalo (250-950 per year) were tested for BTB using the @entity61951 ( @entity61951 ) test, with BTB-positive animals culled, and negative animals released. BTB prevalence was spatially and temporally variable, ranging from 2.3% to 54.7%. Geographic area was a strong predictor of BTB transmission in HiP, owing to relatively stable herds and home ranges. Herds experiencing more intensive and frequent captures showed reduced per capita disease transmission risk and less increase in herd prevalence over time. Disease hot spots did not expand spatially over time, and BTB prevalence in all but the hot spot areas was maintained between 10% and 15% throughout the study period. Our data suggest that HiP's test and cull programme was effective at reducing BTB transmission in buffalo, with capture effort and interval found to be the crucial components of the programme. The programme was thus successful with respect to the original goals; however, there are additional factors that should be considered in future cost/benefit analyses and decision-making. These findings may be utilized and expanded in future collaborative work between wildlife managers, veterinarians and scientists, to optimize wildlife disease control programmes and mitigate conflict at the interface of conservation, agricultural and urban areas.

title: Disease Control in Wildlife: Evaluating a Test and Cull Programme for XXXX @entity378 in African Buffalo.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity2497 :: ('1765', 'Species') :: ['Mycobacterium bovis']

entities_list: @entity61951 :: ('MESH:D006968', 'Disease') :: ['single comparative intradermal tuberculin', 'SCIT']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Bovine']


abstract: A @entity1 given intravesical BCG immunotherapy developed @entity1907 . After resection of a superficial @entity150 , the @entity1 was given weekly intravesical BCG infusions. After the 4th session, the @entity1 developed @entity221 (40 degrees C), shivers, dry cough, profuse sweating, and @entity353 . Initially, the chest x-ray was normal. The @entity1 was given isoniazid (5 mg/kg) in a single-drug regimen. Rapid degradation of the general status led to a new chest x-ray, 10 days later, which demonstrated a @entity751 . High-resolution thoracic CT confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1907 . A three-drug antituberculosis regimen associated with @entity288 was followed by restoration of the general status. Antituberculosis therapy was continued for 9 months. The 9-month thoracic CT revealed a smaller number of micronodules in the @entity358 . This case illustrates the discussion concerning the appropriate treatment for @entity1 who develop a @entity281 after intravesical BCG-therapy.

title: [ XXXX following intravesical BCG-therapy].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['systemic infection']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['reticulonodular syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['miliary pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['Miliary pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: Radiation therapy and radiochemotherapy protocols can cause swallowing difficulties. AIM: To evaluate swallowing in @entity1 undergoing radiation therapy and radiochemotherapy protocol only for the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: A prospective study of 20 @entity1 , with a mean age of 62 years, at the end of oncological therapy. Six @entity1 (30%) underwent radiation therapy, and 14 @entity1 (70%) underwent combined therapy. The mean time between treatment and an evaluation of swallowing was 8.5 months. Videofluoroscopy was done to assess the preparatory, oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. RESULTS: All @entity1 had only an oral diet. Normal swallowing was present in only 25% of @entity1 . The swallowing videofluoroscopic examination identified the following changes: bolus formation (85%), bolus ejection (60%), oral @entity3179 (55%), changes in the onset of the pharyngeal phase (100%), decreased laryngeal elevation (65%), and hypopharyngeal stasis (80%). Laryngeal penetration was observed in 25% of the cases; 40% presented tracheal aspiration. The grade of penetration/aspiration was mild in 60% of cases. Aspiration was silent in 35% of @entity1 . Although 75% of @entity1 had @entity1282 , only 25% complained of swallowing difficulties. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity5 that underwent radiation therapy/combined treatment can present changes in all swallowing phases, or may be asymptomatic.

title: [Swallowing after non-surgical treatment (radiation therapy / radiochemotherapy protocol) of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer', 'laryngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity3179 :: ('MESH:D014647', 'Disease') :: ['cavity stasis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['laryngeal cancer']


abstract: A gas-chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring @entity4821 ( @entity37820 ) against @entity4944 (A) in plasma and CSF is presented. The time course of body temperature (Tb), stereotyped behavior (St), and A and pOA levels in plasma and CSF were studied after administration of 0.6 and 1.5 mg/kg p.o. of A to @entity235 . @entity146 reached maximal value 2.5 h after A, as did levels of A in CSF. The A levels in CSF decreased steadily in the following hours and simultaneously with the levels of A in plasma. St remained elevated and began to decrease after 6.5 h. The relationship between St and amounts of A was not linear but exponential. This suggest that both A and its metabolite contributed to this effect. In fact, a linear relationship was found between St and the amounts of pOA in CSF. Body temperature had a time course similar to A plasma levels, reaching peak value after 1.5 h and declining thereafter simultaneously with A. A linear relationship was found between Tb and the amounts of A in plasma. Thus Tb seems to be a peripheral A effect related to the presence of the drug in plasma.

title: @entity146 and hyperthermia in XXXX : correlation with the levels of @entity4944 and @entity4821 in plasma and CSF.

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Stereotyped behavior']

entities_list: @entity4821 :: ('MESH:D010136', 'Chemical') :: ['p-hydroxyamphetamine']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: @entity1702 ( @entity1702 ) is one of the most important risk factors that contribute to many @entity455 including @entity385 . One proposed mechanism underlying the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by @entity1702 is indirectly through enhancing blood pressure. The direct role of @entity1702 on BBB integrity is unclear. Our purpose is to determine whether and how @entity1702 might be involved in BBB breakdown during @entity63 . To test that, we induced model of @entity2806 by permanent middle cerebral artery ligation (pMCAL) in either normal diet or @entity1702 fed @entity19 . We observed that @entity1702 significantly enhanced @entity63 @entity75 which was associated with enhanced BBB disruption, increased leukocytes infiltration and loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins expression without apparently altering blood pressure. Our in vitro experiment also revealed that @entity2827 ( @entity4202 ) treatment down-regulated TJ protein expression by endothelial cells and substantially increased BBB permeability during starvation. Inhibition of @entity1435 /MAPK/ @entity15188 pathway eliminated the effect of @entity4202 on BBB permeability in vitro. In addition, we noticed a positive correlation between urinary @entity1372 levels and @entity63 lesion size in @entity64 @entity1 . Together, our study demonstrates a @entity101 -independent role of @entity1702 during @entity63 and provides rationale for post cerebral @entity63 management.

title: Excess salt exacerbates blood-brain barrier disruption via a XXXX /MAPK/ @entity15188 -dependent pathway in permanent @entity2806 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia', 'ischemic', 'ischemic attack']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain damage']

entities_list: @entity1702 :: ('MESH:D013651', 'Disease') :: ['HSD', 'High salt diet']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity1435 :: (1432,Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe the orthoptic and ophthalmological findings in schoolchildren with @entity16479 , to correlate them with asthenopic symptoms and to evaluate the effect of treatment. One hundred and twenty schoolchildren, aged 6-16 years, were included in the study. They were all referred by school nurses, for asthenopic symptoms. An orthoptic and ophthalmological assessment was performed. The main diagnoses were @entity1887 , @entity1319 , @entity2516 , and latent strabismus. Reading glasses could help 98% of the schoolchildren with reduced accommodation, and 94% of the @entity1 with @entity2516 were helped with appropriate spherical, cylindrical and prism correction. Convergence exercise reduced the symptoms in all @entity1 with @entity1319 . Ninety-three percent of all 120 schoolchildren were symptom free 3-6 month after treatment had started. By an orthoptic and ophthalmological examination abnormalities in schoolchildren with @entity16479 related to @entity227 can be identified. Most of the @entity1 were relieved from their symptoms by giving adequate glasses, convergence exercises and surgery.

title: XXXX in schoolchildren, orthoptic and ophthalmological findings and treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual problems']

entities_list: @entity2516 :: ('MESH:D012030', 'Disease') :: ['refractive errors and heterophorias', 'refractive errors']

entities_list: @entity16479 :: ('MESH:D001248', 'Disease') :: ['asthenopia']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['accommodative insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['convergence insufficiency']

answer: @entity16479 :: (MESH:D001248,Disease) :: ['Asthenopia']


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity66 : @entity1526 , @entity2040 , @entity232 , @entity1201 , @entity311 and @entity6565 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity66 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity1526 and @entity2040 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on @entity1526 , @entity2040 , @entity311 , XXXX and @entity6565 ].

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic diseases']

entities_list: @entity232 :: ('MESH:D007896', 'Disease') :: ['leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity2040 :: ('MESH:D012552', 'Disease') :: ['schistosomiasis']

answer: @entity232 :: (MESH:D007896,Disease) :: ['leishmaniasis']


abstract: Hypoglossal motoneurons (HMNs) innervate all tongue muscles and are vital for maintenance of upper airway patency during inspiration. The relative contributions of the various synaptic inputs to the spontaneous discharge of HMNs in vivo are incompletely understood, especially at the cellular level. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endogenously activated @entity1246 (A) and @entity8959 receptors in the control of the inspiratory HMN (IHMN) activity in a decerebrate @entity235 model. Multibarrel micropipettes were used to record extracellular unit activity of individual IHMNs during local antagonism of @entity1246 (A) receptors with @entity1027 and @entity5094 or @entity8959 receptors with @entity1026 . Only @entity1027 had a significant effect on peak and average discharge frequency and on the slope of the augmenting neuronal discharge pattern. These parameters were increased by 30 +/- 7% (P < 0.001), 30 +/- 8% (P < 0.001), and 25 +/- 7% (P < 0.001), respectively. The effects of @entity5094 and @entity1026 on the spontaneous neuronal discharge and its pattern were negligible. Our data suggest that @entity1027 -sensitive GABAergic, but not @entity5094 -sensitive GABAergic or glycinergic, inhibitory mechanisms actively attenuate the activity of IHMNs in vagotomized decerebrate @entity235 during hyperoxic @entity2944 . The pattern of GABAergic attenuation of IHMN discharge is characteristic of gain modulation similar to that in @entity528 , but the degree of attenuation ( approximately 25%) is less than that seen in bulbospinal premotor neurons ( approximately 60%). The current studies only assess effects on active neuron discharge and do not resolve whether the lack of effect of @entity5094 and @entity1026 on IHMNs also extends to the inactive expiratory phase.

title: Role of inhibitory neurotransmission in the control of XXXX hypoglossal motoneuron activity in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1026 :: ('MESH:D013331', 'Chemical') :: ['strychnine']

entities_list: @entity2944 :: ('MESH:D006935', 'Disease') :: ['hypercapnia']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory bulbospinal premotor neurons']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: Food-borne transmission of prions can lead to @entity344 . Here we report that the transmission of @entity75 ( @entity75 ) is 100,000-fold more efficient by inoculation of prions into the tongues of hamsters than by oral ingestion. The incubation period following @entity75 agent (hereinafter referred to as @entity75 ) inoculation into the lingual muscles was the shortest among the five nonneuronal routes of inoculation, including another intramuscular route. Deposition of the abnormal isoform of the prion protein, @entity3669 (Sc), was first detected in the tongue and submandibular lymph node at 1 to 2 weeks following inoculation of the tongue with @entity75 . @entity3669 (Sc) deposits in the tongue were associated with individual axons, and the initial appearance of @entity75 in the brain stem was found in the hypoglossal nucleus at 2 weeks postinfection. At later time points, @entity3669 (Sc) was localized to brain cell groups that directly project to the hypoglossal nucleus, indicating the transneuronal spread of @entity75 . @entity75 @entity3669 (Sc) entry into the brain stem preceded @entity3669 (Sc) detection in the rostral cervical spinal cord. These results demonstrate that @entity75 can replicate in both the tongue and regional lymph nodes but indicate that the faster route of brain invasion is via retrograde axonal transport within the hypoglossal nerve to the hypoglossal nucleus. Topical application of @entity75 to a superficial wound on the surface of the tongue resulted in a higher incidence of disease and a shorter incubation period than with oral @entity75 ingestion. Therefore, abrasions of the tongue in livestock and @entity1 may predispose a @entity129 . In a related study, @entity3669 (Sc) was detected in tongues following the intracerebral inoculation of six hamster-adapted prion strains, which demonstrates that prions can also travel from the brain to the tongue in the anterograde direction along the tongue-associated cranial nerves. These findings suggest that food products containing ruminant or cervid tongue may be a potential source of prion @entity281 for @entity1 .

title: Rapid prion neuroinvasion following tongue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['host to oral prion infection of the tongue-associated cranial nerves']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['transmissible mink encephalopathy', 'TME']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['infection of the gastrointestinal tract and neuroinvasion via the splanchnic and vagus nerves']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survey data suggest that Canadian intensivists administer @entity288 to @entity3124 @entity1 primarily in response to @entity1224 , perceived risk for @entity1887 and @entity1344 . OBJECTIVE: To describe variables independently associated with systemic @entity228 therapy during an @entity683 outbreak. METHODS: The present analysis was retrospective cohort study involving @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity683 in two Canadian cities. Hospital records were reviewed for @entity3124 @entity1 treated in the intensive care units (ICUs) of eight hospitals in Canada during the 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010 @entity683 outbreaks. Abstracted data included demographic information, symptoms at disease onset, chronic comorbidities and baseline illness severity scores. Corticosteroid use data were extracted for every ICU day and expressed as @entity701 dose equivalent in mg. Multivariable regression models were constructed to identify variables independently associated with corticosteroid therapy in the ICU. RESULTS: The study cohort included 90 @entity1 with a mean (   SD) age of 55.0  17.3 years and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 19.8  8.3. @entity1 in 2009 to 2010 were younger with more severe @entity651 but similar exposure to @entity288 . Overall, 54% of @entity1 received @entity288 at a mean daily dose of 343  330 mg of @entity701 for 8.5  4.8 days. Variables independently associated with corticosteroid therapy in the ICU were history of @entity1224 (OR 4.8 [95% CI 1.6 to 14.9]) and @entity1344 (OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.2 to 17.8]). CONCLUSION: Observational data revealed that @entity1344 and @entity1224 were associated with corticosteroid therapy in the critical care setting, similar to a recent survey of stated practice. Efforts to determine the effects of @entity288 in the ICU for these specific clinical situations are warranted.

title: @entity228 therapy in XXXX due to seasonal and pandemic @entity683 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocortisone']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['hemodynamic instability']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critical illness']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity417 is a common feature during @entity295 that occurs due to iatrogenic @entity190 , @entity308 of serum @entity68 levels and @entity1307 production, and a decreased lifespan of erythrocytes. However, these mechanisms are unlikely to play a role in @entity417 at the start of @entity295 . Moreover, sequestration of fluids, @entity177 and increase of intravascular space may additionally influence the change in hemoglobin concentration during intravenous fluid administration in the acute phase of @entity295 . METHODS: In this retrospective study, @entity1 who were admitted acutely to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) were included. @entity1 who fulfilled the international criteria for severe @entity295 or @entity326 were included in the @entity295 group (S-group). The remaining @entity1 were allocated to the control group (C-group). Laboratory data from blood samples taken at first presentation to the hospital and at admission to the ICU, the amount of intravenous fluid administration and length of stay in the emergency department were collected and tested for significant differences between groups. RESULTS: The difference in hemoglobin concentration between the S-group (n   =   296) and C-group (n   =   320) at first presentation in hospital was not significant (8.8        1.2 versus 8.9        1.2  mmol/l, respectively, p   =   0.07). The reduction in hemoglobin concentration from the first presentation at the emergency department to ICU admission was significantly greater in the S-group compared to the C-group (1 [0.5-1.7] versus 0.5 [0.1-1.1] mmol/l, (p   <   0.001)). Spearman rho correlation coefficients between the reduction in hemoglobin concentration and the amount of intravenous fluids administered or the @entity1011 level in the emergency department were significant (0.3 and 0.4, respectively, p   <   0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, @entity1011 , the amount of fluid administration and the presence of @entity295 remained independently associated. CONCLUSIONS: Prior to in-hospital intravenous fluid administration, there is no significant difference in hemoglobin concentration between acute septic @entity1 and acutely ill controls. Within several hours after hospital admission, there is a significant reduction in hemoglobin concentration, not only associated with the amount of intravenous fluids administered and the @entity1011 level, but also independently with @entity295 itself.

title: 'Sepsis-related XXXX ' is absent at hospital presentation; a retrospective cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity417 :: ('MESH:D000740', 'Disease') :: ['Anemia', 'anemia']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1307 :: ('2056', 'Gene') :: ['erythropoietin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity417 :: (MESH:D000740,Disease) :: ['anemia']


abstract: @entity4258 is an antibacterial drug chiefly eliminated by the kidney and therefore useful in the treatment of @entity293 . To study its pharmacokinetics in @entity177 , we administered a single oral dose of 400 mg to 14 @entity1 and 6 controls with normal renal function. @entity1 were divided into three groups according to the severity of @entity177 . @entity4258 was measured in serum and urine by bioassay. Serum half-life in controls was 3.87 hours and prolonged to 5.85 hours in group I ( @entity1011 clearance 80-45 ml/min), 7.25 hours (p less than 0.05) in group II ( @entity1011 clearance 44-20 ml/min) and 8.34 hours (p less than 0.01) in group III @entity1 ( @entity1011 clearance less than 20 ml/min). A good linear correlation between the elimination rate constant and @entity1011 clearance (r = 0.79, p less than 0.01) has been found. Total urinary excretion in the 72 hour period after administration achieves 40.4% in controls, falls to 23.5% (p less than 0.05), 15.6% (p less than 0.01) and 8.2% (p less than 0.01) of administered dose in groups I, II and III, respectively. Similarly, urinary concentrations decrease in all @entity1 groups with respect to controls. Our data show that effective urinary antibacterial concentrations of @entity4258 after 400 mg single oral dose were obtained even in @entity1 with severe @entity177 . In these @entity1 systemic accumulation after repeated dose administration is a probable event. Therefore, dosage adjustment is advisable in @entity1 with @entity1011 clearance less than 20 ml/min, although it will inevitably cause lower urinary concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity4258 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4258 :: ('MESH:D009643', 'Chemical') :: ['Norfloxacin', 'norfloxacin']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure', 'chronic renal failure']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['chronic renal failure']


abstract: To determine the feasibility of post-chemotherapy resection of @entity41 in @entity151 , 24 selected @entity1 with limited-stage disease were evaluated for exploratory thoracotomy. All 24 @entity1 achieved partial or complete clinical response to chemotherapy and were considered adequate medical candidates for surgical resection. Fifteen @entity1 underwent a lobectomy or pneumonectomy, 13 of whom had @entity41 in the resected specimen. Of the nine remaining @entity1 , seven had no @entity5 found on biopsy at thoracotomy and two had unresectable mediastinal node involvement. No chemotherapy was administered postoperatively in any @entity1 until disease progression or relapse was documented. Median survival for the entire group was 19 months and did not differ according to the surgical procedure performed. Nineteen @entity1 had relapse. @entity1 undergoing biopsy only recurred locally in six of seven cases a median of five months post-thoracotomy (range one to six months). Two "biopsy only" @entity1 were @entity5 free at 34+ and 56+ months. Local recurrence was observed in six of 12 resected @entity1 , while six @entity1 experienced only extrathoracic metastases. Median time to recurrence for resected @entity1 was also five months. Four resected @entity1 experienced late recurrence 16 to 36 months postoperatively and were alive with @entity5 at 29+ to 42+ months. Two resected @entity1 were @entity5 -free at 13+ and 37+ months. Post-chemotherapy surgical resection was feasible in limited-stage @entity1 and improved local control of disease.

title: Postchemotherapy resection of XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity151 :: ('MESH:D055752', 'Disease') :: ['small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Contrast radiology predicts the outcome of treatment for @entity1 with @entity1744 . The optimal method of contrast radiology to determine the indications for and timing of surgery is controversial. METHODOLOGY: Contrast radiology was performed for @entity1 with @entity86 between April 1, 2000 and March 31, 2001. Nearly 40 mL of gastrografin mixed with 40 mL of water was administered either orally or via a nasogastric tube to each @entity1 within 24 hours of hospital admission. Serial erect and supine plain abdominal radiographs were taken 4, 8, 16 and 24 hour later. RESULTS: Of 107 @entity1 with @entity86 , 97 @entity1 had the examination completed. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of this study as an indicator for non-operative treatment were 98.9%, 66.6%, 96.9%, 97.8% and 80%. However, contrast radiology had little impact on the diagnosis of 6 @entity1 with strangulated @entity1744 . Ninety-two of 93 @entity1 (98.9%) who were resolved with non-operative treatment were resolved within 48 hours of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Contrast radiology should be considered for @entity1 with @entity1744 who did not improve with non-operative measures after 48 hours of hospitalization.

title: The value of contrast radiology for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['simple small bowel obstruction', 'small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity86 :: (MESH:D019106,Disease) :: ['postoperative adhesive small bowel obstruction']


abstract: Subtle changes in social cognition are associated with naturalistic fluctuations in @entity172 and @entity1420 over the course of the menstrual cycle. Using a dynamic emotion recognition task we aimed to provide a comprehensive description of the association between ovarian hormone levels and emotion recognition performance using a variety of performance metrics. Naturally cycling, @entity146 healthy @entity1 attended a single experimental session during a follicular (days 7-13; n = 16), early luteal (days 15-19; n = 14) or late luteal phase (days 22-27; n = 14) of their menstrual cycle. Correct responses and reaction times to dynamic facial expressions were recorded and a two-high threshold analysis was used to assess discrimination and response bias. Salivary @entity1420 and @entity53 were assayed and subjective measures of @entity1109 , @entity148 and positive and negative affect assessed. There was no interaction between cycle phase (follicular, early luteal, late luteal) and facial expression (sad, happy, fearful, angry, neutral and disgusted) on any of the recognition performance metrics. However, across the sample as a whole, @entity1420 levels were positively correlated with reaction times to a variety of facial expressions (anger, happiness, sadness and neutral expressions). In contrast, @entity53 levels were specifically correlated with disgust processing on three performance indices (correct responses, response bias and discrimination). @entity1109 , @entity148 and positive and negative affect were not associated with emotion recognition indices or hormone levels. The study highlights the role of naturalistic variations in ovarian hormone levels in modulating emotion recognition. In particular, @entity1420 seems to have a general slowing effect on facial expression processing. Our findings also provide the first behavioural evidence of a specific role for @entity172 in the processing of disgust in @entity1 .

title: A specific association between facial disgust recognition and XXXX levels in naturally cycling @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogens']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'humans']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatrically']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Premenstrual symptoms', 'premenstrual symptoms']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity53 :: (MESH:D004958,Chemical) :: ['estradiol']


abstract: We examined 149 @entity2 cell lines for homozygous deletions using 24 DNA markers, which were mapped and ordered in chromosome band 9p21, to define the target regions for 9p21 deletions in @entity1 @entity2 . Homozygous deletions were detected in 39 (26%) cell lines and clustered at 2 independent regions. One was the region containing the @entity986 / @entity986 @entity5 suppressor gene, and this region was deleted in 32 (21%) cell lines. The other was the region containing D9S171, which is the locus approximately 3 Mb proximal to the @entity986 locus. This region, designated as the D9S171 region, was deleted in 18 (12%) cell lines. Seven of the 18 cell lines had identical minimum deletions of a 17,036 bp sequence located 20 kb distal to the D9S171 locus. However, such a deletion was also observed in the corresponding B-lymphoblastoid cell line from 1 of the 7 cell lines and in 5 (16%) of 32 noncancerous tissues, suggesting that the deletion was a genetic polymorphism. By considering this polymorphism, 11 (7%) cell lines still had deletions at the D9S171 region. Two NSCLC cell lines showed deletions at the D9S171 region and retentions of the @entity986 locus. Furthermore, an NSCLC cell line showed discontinuous deletions including either the @entity986 or D9S171 locus. Therefore, the region surrounding the D9S171 locus was defined as another target region for the 9p21 deletions. It is possible that unknown @entity5 suppressor gene(s) are present in this chromosomal region. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:308-318, 2000.

title: Two regions of homozygous deletion clusters at chromosome band 9p21 in @entity1 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity3 . @entity1 : Eighty-four @entity1 with primary lower @entity5 were examined by MRI and subsequently underwent radical surgery with lateral pelvic lymph-node dissection, without preoperative treatment. Lateral lymph-node @entity3 were assessed preoperatively by MRI, and the results were compared with the histopathological findings. The criterion for lateral lymph-node @entity3 was any recognizable lymph node in the pelvic wall, regardless of diameter. RESULT: Lateral pelvic lymph-node @entity3 was diagnosed on preoperative MRI in 16 @entity1 (19.9  %). The overall @entity1 -based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of MRI were 75, 69.1, 36.4, 92.2, and 70.2  %, respectively. When a cut-off value of 10  mm was used for diagnosis, the corresponding values were 43.8, 98.5, 87.5, 88.1, and 88.1  %, respectively. The mean diameter of metastatic nodes (14.7  mm) was significantly larger than that of negative nodes (5.7  mm; P  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: MRI is an effective technique for predicting lateral pelvic node involvement and thus may facilitate preoperative decision-making in @entity5 treatment. A cut-off value of 10  mm is useful for avoiding unnecessary lateral lymph-node dissection.

title: Prediction of Lateral Pelvic Lymph-Node XXXX in Low @entity5 by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'metastases']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapy affects pituitary-testicular hormonal axis in @entity1 and in animals. This study investigated the effects on Leydig cells of three cycles of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 (0.75, 7.5, and 1.5mg/kg, respectively; @entity12962 ) chemotherapy in @entity35 testis. The chemotherapy has induced @entity1373 of and degenerative changes in Leydig cells at the end of @entity12962 exposure, which remained so even after a recovery time of 63 days. The increased testicular oxidative stress at the end of the chemotherapy returned to normal level after the recovery time. The chemotherapy has stimulated the transcription of @entity15090 ( @entity15090 ), @entity24097 ( @entity24097 ), cytochrome P450 @entity165 side-chain cleavage ( @entity7816 ), @entity31018 , and inhibited that of 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( @entity71789 ) and @entity18946 in association with increased @entity165 and decreased @entity251 levels. Even after the recovery time, the chemotherapy still had inhibitory effects on the transcription of all of the above genes in addition to luteinizing hormone receptor and @entity71790 , but not on the @entity24097 gene. The @entity165 and @entity251 levels also did not show any significant differences with the control group. The decreased @entity251 level at the end of chemotherapy was probably due to inhibition of @entity71790 and @entity71789 genes. In conclusion, clinically relevant dose-levels and treatment protocols of @entity12962 chemotherapy adversely affect Leydig cell function. The @entity12962 chemotherapy inhibits the transcription of steroidogenic enzymes and that these effects sustain over an extended period of time without returning to normal levels.

title: Effects of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and XXXX treatment on Leydig cell structure and transcription of steroidogenic enzymes in @entity35 testis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity15090 :: ('25073(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['scavenger receptor class type-B1', 'SCARB1']

entities_list: @entity24097 :: ('25557(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['StAR', 'steroidogenic acute-regulatory protein']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity5 in limbs who undergo surgical treatment may present involvement of major vessels. The artery must be reconstructed for limb salvage and the vein may be reconstructed to avoid the onset of @entity101 . The objective of this study was to analyze the results from surgical treatment of @entity5 associated with vascular reconstruction in limbs. A prospective follow-up was made of 17 @entity1 with @entity5 involving major vessels in limbs who underwent vascular reconstruction. Arterial and venous reconstructions were performed in nine @entity1 , arterial reconstruction was performed in six, and venous reconstruction in two @entity1 . The vascular substitutes used were greater saphenous vein (19), expanded @entity736 prosthesis (5), and Dacron prosthesis (2). @entity455 occurred in seven @entity1 : one arterial graft rupture, three venous graft occlusions, and @entity4269 in five @entity1 . The following nonvascular complications occurred in 10 @entity1 : pulmonary metastasis (7), local recurrence (2), @entity51 (2), infection (2), partial @entity39 of the flap (1), and enteric @entity292 (1). Six @entity1 with pulmonary metastasis died. One @entity1 underwent transfemoral amputation. Major vessel reconstruction in limbs associated with resection of @entity5 is a safe procedure. Venous revascularization should be performed using an autologous substitute.

title: Vascular reconstruction in limbs associated with resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular complications']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['venous hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4269 :: ('MESH:D008209', 'Disease') :: ['lymphedema']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: We hereby present the case of a 75 years old female who was complaining of right upper quadrant @entity490 . She had a history of cystectomy, cholecystectomy and choledochotomy operations for liver hydatid cyst 5 years ago. In addition, multiple endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography sessions had been performed for recurrent biliary duct stones in the last 4 years. Radiological investigations revealed the presence of @entity82 and the @entity99 . @entity991 as a result of the previous operations was suggested to be the probable etiology for @entity82 . The cirrhotic @entity1 with an advanced age was found to be high risk for surgery. In addition, her symptoms were minimal. Thus, she was managed conservatively. @entity409 is very rare. It is quite difficult to speculate any predisposing risk factors for liver herniation because of the rarity of this condition.

title: XXXX : an extremely rare entity.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity991 :: ('MESH:D015209', 'Disease') :: ['Secondary sclerosing cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Herniation of the liver']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['herniation of the left liver lobe through the abdominal incisional hernia defect']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['Herniation of the liver']


abstract: The effect of @entity1242 and @entity5018 , given between 2 and 7 days after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, on the mechanical resistance of the infarcted left ventricle to @entity397 or the @entity397 threshold (balloon technique), and on topography (computerized planimetry) and function (two-dimensional echocardiography) at 7 days (n = 32) and 42 days (n = 34) postligation was studied in 66 @entity235 randomly allocated to sham (no @entity1188 , n = 22) and @entity1188 subgroups (15 controls; 15 received @entity1242 , 30 mg oral @entity3763 b.i.d.; 14 received @entity5018 , 200 mg t.i.d. orally). @entity1242 decreased mean arterial and left atrial pressures, decreased diastolic cross-sectional area, and improved systolic function, while @entity5018 increased diastolic area. @entity1188 subgroups showed @entity1188 shrinkage and more @entity1188 @entity720 at 6 weeks. Compared with shams, all @entity1188 subgroups showed early expansion and thinning, with further marked late thinning in controls. @entity1242 produced less expansion and thinning both at 1 and 6 weeks, while @entity5018 produced marked early thinning. Rupture threshold was less at 6 weeks than 1 week with controls and @entity5018 but remained unchanged with @entity1242 . Passive prerupture stiffness was less at 6 weeks than at 1 week in controls but remained unchanged with @entity1242 and @entity5018 . Thus, reduced expansion and thinning with @entity1242 during the first week after @entity1188 improved function, mechanical strength, and resistance to distension at 6 weeks.

title: Effect of XXXX and @entity5018 on left ventricular topography and @entity397 threshold during healing after myocardial infarction in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3763 :: ('MESH:D007548', 'Chemical') :: ['isosorbide dinitrate']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroglycerin', 'nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'infarct', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

answer: @entity1242 :: (MESH:D005996,Chemical) :: ['nitroglycerin']


abstract: 45 @entity1 were treated by combined application of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 : a control group of such 22 @entity1 was besides treated by @entity500 and @entity229 only. The treatment by antilymphocyte serum included a four weeks initial treatment, and one year continuous treatment one infusion per week. @entity500 and @entity229 were given every day during the same time. @entity500 only was given during the three following year. The two groups were followed up during four years. This treatment was well accepted by @entity1 under strict technical survey conditions. Serum sickness was noted in 11 p. cent of the cases. The equine antiglobulin antibody titre, increased during the initial treatment, was connected with serum sickness or, when the treatment was continued, with the inefficacy of the treatment. Rosettes titre decreased in ten cases, no clinical correlation was possible. The complement, immune complexes, were normal before treatment with most of the observed @entity1 . The delayed @entity56 skin tests were negative after a month in 80 p. cent of the cases. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis, for the elements as well as for the rate of proteins and gammaglobulins, showed no significant variations before and after the treatment. The comparison with the control group showed a significant statistical difference as too the number of aggravated and improved @entity1 after the first year. When grouping together stable and improved @entity1 , the difference was statistically significant after the third year. The difference was not significant in years "two" or four. No difference in the frequency of the relapses could be noted, in the first year or the following three years. In spite of inconsistent results comparison showed favorable data after three years. The good results seemed due to the additional use of antilymphocyte serum. Such a treatment associating antilymphocyte serum to @entity500 and @entity229 is beneficial in evolutive, remittent and recent @entity15 . Through the length of the treatment remains difficult to determine, we conclude that it is really beneficial for such @entity1 .

title: [Treatment of progressive and severe forms of @entity15 using a combination of antilymphocyte serum, @entity500 and @entity229 . Clinical and biological results. Comparison with a control group treated with XXXX and @entity229 only. 4-year follow-up].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['Azathioprine', 'azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['azathioprine']


abstract: Several angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) molecules have been implicated in enhancement of ex-vivo expansion of @entity19 and @entity1 (hu) hematopoietic stem cells, but there are no reports on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We assessed purified recombinant endotoxin-free hu @entity62887 Coiled-Coil (CC), -3, -3CC, -3 fibrinogen-like domain (FLD), -4, -4CC, -5CC, -6 and -7 for effects on proliferation and survival of HPCs from hu cord blood (CB). None of the ANGPTL molecules stimulated CB @entity4306 proliferation, or enhanced or inhibited colony formation of CB @entity4306 stimulated by various growth factors. However, @entity36549 CC significantly enhanced survival of @entity4306 (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM) subjected to delayed addition of growth factors. Survival enhancing effects of @entity36549 were neutralized by purified anti- @entity36549 , but not by anti- @entity8090 , -6, or -7. ANGPTL-2CC, -3, and -3CC, but not -4, -6, or -7 also enhanced replating capacity of single CB CFU-GEMM colonies, an estimate of the self-renewal capabilities of HPCs, by greater than 2 fold. Effects of at least ANGPTL-3CC may in part be mediated through phosphorylation of ERK. The ANGPTL molecules did not influence ex-vivo expansion of hu CB CD34(+) cells, alone, or in combination with @entity6826 , @entity5787 , @entity11601 , with or without @entity2772 . Thus, among ANGPTL family members, @entity72970 had enhancing activities on @entity1 @entity4306 survival and replating activity, effects requiring the CC domain of the ANGPTL molecules. This information is of relevance to hu @entity4306 regulation.

title: XXXX act through their coiled-coil domains to enhance survival and replating capacity of @entity1 cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

answer: @entity72970 :: (23452;27329,Gene) :: ['Angiopoietin-like-2 and -3']


abstract: We studied progression of @entity731 in the coronaries and abdominal aortas of @entity1707 fed hyperlipidemic (HL) diets producing serum @entity165 levels of about 700 mg/dl for up to 18 months with killings at 9, 13.5 and 18 months on diet. We studied changes in lesions in subsets given after 9 months on the HL diet a low fat, low @entity165 mash diet with killings at 4.5 and 9 months on the regression diet. Lesion cell numbers were evaluated using mean nuclear profiles per cross-section (Np/Cx) in an anatomically defined portion of artery as an index. Lesion sizes were evaluated using mean cross-sectional area (area/Cx) as an index. Tritiated thymidine labeling indices (LI) were used as an index of cell proliferative activity in the coronaries. We also determined the percentage of lesions occupied by lipid rich calcific @entity39 . For further comparisons all of the same values were determined for normal intimal cell masses (ICM) in control groups fed a low fat, low @entity165 mash diet throughout. The @entity731 in the HL @entity1707 appeared to arise mainly in the ICM. These became lesions and increased tremendously in size and cell numbers. The greatest increase was in the abdominal aorta even when lesion values were normalized by being expressed as percentages of the wall (intima + media). Lipid-rich calcific @entity39 occupied about 25% of the lesion by 9 months and the percentage was similar at 18 months although size of lesions and their @entity39 regions had increased 3-fold over the 9-month interval. Lesion @entity665 LIs were 3-4-fold greater than in the control ICM. In the period 9-18 months on an HL diet lesions increased about 3-fold in size and cell numbers. In the @entity1707 put on a regression diet for the 9-18 month period growth of the lesions stopped completely. In fact, there was a numerical decrease in lesion sizes and cell numbers and this was statistically significant for the left anterior descending coronary. The lesion growth stoppage was partly accounted for by the "turning off" of excessive DNA synthesis activity of the lesion cells as indicated by the return of @entity665 LIs to the normal values in the mash controls. Another factor was the lack of increase and in fact marked reduction in the size of the regions of lipid rich @entity39 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The "turning off" of excessive cell replicative activity in advanced XXXX of @entity1707 by a regression diet.

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrotic debris']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H] thymidine', '[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']


abstract: AIM: To study the dynamic and long-lasting expression of @entity7102 receptor after acute @entity1779 ( @entity1779 ) in @entity35 . METHODS: 36 @entity35 were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 6): Normal group and @entity1779 model groups at 6 hours, 24 hours, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. @entity1779 models were produced with the induction of collagenase type VII-S. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect @entity8225 protein and RT-PCR technique was used to detect @entity8225 mRNA in brain tissue around the haematoma in different groups. RESULTS: @entity8225 protein and mRNA were mild positive in normal group. In model groups, intensity of @entity8225 expression started to enhance at 6 hours, and enhanced more at 24 hours. @entity8225 expression reached the peak at 3 days and began to descend. At 7 days the descent was obvious and there was further descent at 14 days. At each time point, the @entity8225 protein positive cell number and @entity8225 mRNA absorbance ratio in @entity1779 model groups were significantly higher than those in normal group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, @entity8225 proteins were obviously expressed in vivo in brain capillary endothelial cell. CONCLUSION: Functional @entity8225 exists in brain capillary endothelial cells. Activation of @entity8225 after @entity1779 due to the stimulation of @entity7102 is not only the initiating agent of @entity2657 after @entity1779 , but also participates the development of @entity2657 .

title: [Dynamic and long-lasting expression of XXXX receptor-1 after @entity1779 in @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity1779 :: ('MESH:D002543', 'Disease') :: ['ICH', 'intracerebral hemorrhage']

answer: @entity7102 :: (29251(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: Stool cultures of 188 @entity1 hospitalized for @entity1902 in a two-year period (1981-1982) yielded Salmonella in 25.5%, Campylobacter in 16.0%, and @entity2820 in 3.7% of cases. Rotavirus was identified in 22.3% of cases. Out of 82 @entity1132 -positive microorganisms isolated from as many cases, three (one @entity526 and two @entity4005 ) produced heat-labile enterotoxin and two @entity526 strains a "cytotoxic" toxin (in an HEp-2 in vitro model); two other @entity526 strains possessed adhesive properties for HEp-2 cells in vitro; none revealed enteroinvasive for HEp-2 cells. Two out of 70 @entity526 strains were EPEC. From stools of 643 childhood out- @entity1 Salmonella was isolated in 9.6% of cases; Campylobacter and @entity2820 in 9.0% and in 0.6% of cases respectively. Rotavirus was not looked for. Shigella strains were not isolated. Among 622 @entity1 without gastrointestinal symptoms, five (0.8%) excreted campylobacters and one (0.16%) salmonella. @entity1 of 18-24 months of age were significantly more often infected with Campylobacter. Gross blood in feces, body temperature greater than 38 degrees C, and @entity1897 were significantly more often associated with @entity5746 and absence of @entity1503 with @entity6425 . Other features were not significantly associated with the etiological agent of the illness. Except for @entity5746 , the @entity1681 cases did not show any pronounced seasonal pattern.

title: A prospective etiological and clinical study on @entity1902 in Italian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood in stools and of leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral leukocytosis']

entities_list: @entity5746 :: ('MESH:D012480', 'Disease') :: ['Salmonella infection; vomiting', 'Salmonella infections']

entities_list: @entity4005 :: ('MESH:D007710', 'Disease') :: ['Klebsiella']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infection']

entities_list: @entity2820 :: ('630', 'Species') :: ['Y. enterocolitica']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Composite defects resulting from total parotidectomy present unique reconstructive challenges. This study reviews our experience using the @entity18564 ( @entity18564 ) flap with adjacent fascia and nerve grafts to reconstruct these defects, and establishes a classification system and treatment algorithm that simplifies reconstruction. METHODS: Between July 2005 and November 2009, 22 @entity1 underwent total parotidectomy and immediate reconstruction with the extended @entity18564 flap. Of total, 21 @entity1 had concomitant neck dissection. Defects were classified as follows: Type I, significant soft-tissue loss (n = 4); Type II, significant soft-tissue loss with @entity2103 (n = 2); Type III, significant soft-tissue loss with resection of surrounding bone(s) (n = 5); and Type IV, significant soft-tissue loss, bone resection, and @entity2103 (n = 11). Reconstruction procedures included free @entity18564 (n = 9); @entity18564 with fascia lata sling (n = 4); @entity18564 with nerve grafting (n = 5); and @entity18564 , fascia lata sling, and nerve grafting (n = 4). Complications, functional outcome, and @entity1 satisfaction were assessed by chart review and prospective surveys. RESULTS: Fourteen of 22 @entity1 participated in surveys. There was 1 flap loss. Donor site complications included the following: 4 @entity1 (29%) with minor numbness of the lateral thigh skin, and 1 (7%) @entity2080 . There was no leg @entity425 or @entity281 . Recipient site morbidity included 2 @entity1 (14%) with @entity8810 , 3 (21%) with delayed wound @entity446 , 5 (36%) with @entity1183 , and 5 with mild @entity1697 . Smile asymmetry was present in 7 @entity1 (50%). Ten @entity1 (71%) reported being "very happy" with their appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity18564 flap, used with adjacent nerve and fascia, offers a versatile option for reconstructing @entity154 . The procedure involves minimal donor site morbidity, and results in sound functional outcomes and high degrees of @entity1 satisfaction.

title: Reconstruction of complex total parotidectomy defects using the free XXXX flap: a classification system and algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['complex parotidectomy defects']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['facial numbness']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral incompetence']

entities_list: @entity8810 :: ('MESH:D013547', 'Disease') :: ['Frey syndrome']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity2103 :: ('MESH:D005155', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve excision']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity18564 :: ('MESH:D056988', 'Disease') :: ['anterolateral thigh', 'ALT']

answer: @entity18564 :: (MESH:D056988,Disease) :: ['anterolateral thigh']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity302 is one common @entity16 requiring newer targets and newer drugs for its efficient management. In the recent days brain renin angiotensin system has gained immense importance because of its involvement in @entity410 regulation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and compare antiepileptic activity of different doses @entity9885 and @entity9887 on @entity32973 and PTZ induced @entity410 models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Swiss albino @entity19 weighing around 25-30g of either sex were divided into 6 groups: Control ( Distilled Water- 10ml/kg), Standard - @entity1092 (40mg/kg), O1 - @entity9885 (2.5mg/kg), O2 - @entity9885 (5mg/kg), T1 - @entity9887 (5mg/kg), T2 - @entity9887 (10mg/kg). After 1hour of administration of control , test and standard drugs (orally), @entity410 were induced by administering PTZ (70mg/kg - i.p.) in PTZ model. @entity410 latency was the parameter recorded. In @entity32973 model, suppression of tonic hind limb extension was taken as measure of efficacy. RESULT: The results were analysed by one-way-ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's multiple comparison test. In @entity32973 test, dose dependently @entity9885 and @entity9887 significantly reduced the duration of @entity6191 in comparison to control (p<0.05). T2 - 9 + 0.89secs significantly reduced the tonic hind limb extension compared to other test groups (p<0.05). The percentage inhibition of @entity410 was T2-44.3%, O2-28.2%, T1-17.5%, O1- 12.3% respectively. In PTZ test, dose dependently @entity9885 and @entity9887 produced significant increase in @entity410 latency (p<0.05). T2 - 206.6+9.83secs significantly increased @entity410 latency compared to other test groups (p<0.05). Percentage protection from @entity410 is T2-52.6%, O2- 45.13%, T1- 37.5%, O1- 38.4% respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity14207 antagonist, @entity9887 and @entity9885 in a dose dependent manner showed increase in antiepileptic activity. Temisartan at higher dose produced significant antiepileptic activity in comparison to @entity9885 .

title: Evaluation and comparison of anticonvulsant activity of XXXX and @entity9885 in experimentally induced animal models of @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'Seizure', 'convulsions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological disorder']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['Sodium valproate']

entities_list: @entity9885 :: ('MESH:C437965', 'Chemical') :: ['olmesartan', 'Olmesartan']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity6191 :: ('MESH:D004829', 'Disease') :: ['tonic hindlimb extension']

entities_list: @entity9887 :: ('MESH:C084178', 'Chemical') :: ['Telmisartan', 'telmisartan']

answer: @entity9887 :: (MESH:C084178,Chemical) :: ['telmisartan']


abstract: A long-term result after total removal of a @entity438 in early infancy is reported. The @entity1 was a 5-month-old @entity1 with @entity391 , @entity410 and right @entity1269 occurring acutely and shortly before admission. Plain skull films, In-113m brain scintiscanning and carotid angiography revealed a @entity5 located widely over both frontal lobes. At operation, the @entity5 , originated from the base of the anterior half of the cranial cavity. A mature @entity44 weighing 320 grams was totally removed without sacrificing the adjacent brain and vessels. Both cerebral hemispheres were found severely compressed by the @entity5 . Postoperative respiratory and @entity410 were well controlled. The @entity1 was discharged in the third month after operation. At present, 13 years after operation, he is developing normally for his age. In the junior high school, he studies and plays sports with no handicap. Computed tomography reveals no recurrence of the @entity5 . EEG shows reactive pattern of activity and small, but rare spikes in the frontal area. And his pituitary function is revealed to be normal.

title: [A case of XXXX in early infancy. A 13 years' follow-up study after operation].

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion', 'convulsive disorders']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['giant tumor', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratoma']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['giant intracranial teratoma']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['giant intracranial teratoma']


abstract: @entity361 ( @entity361 ) is an early step in the process of @entity5 metastasis. It is well known that @entity5 microenvironment affects @entity189 ; in particular, that @entity519 induces @entity361 . Deregulated notch signaling also contributes a lot to the development of @entity2 . In this study, we investigated the use of @entity125 -inhibiting compound as novel therapeutic candidates to regulate @entity519 -induced @entity2 cells. According to previous screening, @entity44426 was selected as a @entity125 inhibitor. @entity519 -induced @entity361 was characteristic of increased @entity6076 _ @entity2277 expressions and decreased @entity5962 expressions. Treatment with @entity44426 notably attenuated @entity519 -induced @entity361 , invasion and migration in H1299 cells, accompanied with reduced @entity125 , @entity72976 expressions and its downstream genes @entity21507 and @entity1135 . @entity44426 treatment also promoted tumorsuppressive @entity27164 level. Moreover, @entity125 siRNA prevented @entity519 -mediated cell migration and decreased @entity8945 , @entity4245 , and @entity62403 expressions, which are key @entity361 markers. Re-expression of @entity27164 blocked @entity519 -induced @entity361 and cell invasion. Our findings suggest that downregulation of @entity125 and reexpression of @entity27164 by @entity44426 might be a novel remedy for the therapy of @entity2 .

title: @entity44426 inhibited @entity519 -induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition of @entity2 cells by inactivating of XXXX signaling and switching on @entity27164 .

entities_list: @entity44426 :: ('MESH:C008661', 'Chemical') :: ['nobiletin', 'Nobiletin']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['EMT in lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy in various carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxia', 'Hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity361 :: ('MESH:C535700', 'Disease') :: ['EMT', 'Epithelial-mesenchymal transition']

answer: @entity125 :: (4851,Gene) :: ['Notch-1']


abstract: Five ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (176 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square to evaluate the effects of branched-chain @entity5066 supplementation on N retention and plasma @entity5066 concentrations of steers. Steers were limit-fed (3.0 kg/d of @entity3918 ) twice daily diets low in ruminally undegradable protein (72% @entity1460 hulls, 19% alfalfa, 5% molasses, and 4% vitamins and minerals). @entity598 (400 g/d) was continuously infused into the rumen. Treatments were continuous abomasal infusions of 1) 115 g/d of a mixture of 10 essential @entity5066 designed to exceed the steers' requirements (10AA), 2) 10AA with Leu removed, 3) 10AA with Ile removed, 4) 10AA with @entity2596 removed, and 5) 10AA with all three branched-chain @entity5066 removed. Experimental periods were 7 d, with 3 d for adaptation to treatments and 4 d for total fecal and urinary collections for N balance. Blood samples were collected 5 h after feeding on d 7. Retained N decreased in response to removal of Leu (P < 0.06), @entity2596 (P < 0.05), or all three branched-chain @entity5066 (P < 0.05). Plasma Leu concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu and all three branched-chain @entity5066 . Plasma Ile concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Ile and all three branched-chain @entity5066 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Plasma @entity2596 concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of @entity2596 and all three branched-chain @entity5066 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Responses in N balance and plasma @entity5066 concentrations of growing @entity291 limit-fed @entity1460 hull-based diets demonstrate limitations in the basal supply of Leu and @entity2596 but not Ile provided that supplies of all other essential @entity5066 are met.

title: Branched-chain amino acids for growing XXXX limit-fed @entity1460 hull-based diets.

entities_list: @entity598 :: ('CHEBI:47622', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetate']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) is a leading cause of invasive disease in @entity1 . Accurate and rapid diagnosis is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the dltR gene was utilised for the direct detection of @entity1892 DNA in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from @entity1 at an Irish maternity hospital. A retrospective review of laboratory and @entity1 records during the period 2011-2013 was performed in order to evaluate PCR and culture for the diagnosis of @entity3 . A total of 3570 blood and 189 CSF samples from 3510 @entity1 had corresponding culture and PCR results. Culture and PCR exhibited concordance in 3526 @entity1892 -negative samples and 13 (25  %) @entity1892 -positive samples (n   =   53). Six (11  %) and 34 (64  %) @entity1892 -positive samples were positive only in culture or PCR, respectively. Culture and PCR identified more @entity1892 -positive @entity1 (n   =   47) than PCR (n   =   43) or culture (n   =   16) alone. Using culture as the reference standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for PCR on blood samples were 71.4  %, 99.2  %, 25  % and 99.9  %, and for CSF samples, they were 60  %, 97.8  %, 42.9  % and 98.9  %, respectively. The sensitivity and positive predictive values were improved (blood: 84.6  % and 55  %; CSF: 77.8  % and 100  %, respectively) when maternal risk factors and other laboratory test results were considered. The findings in this study recommend the use of direct @entity1892 real-time PCR for the diagnosis of @entity2623 in @entity1 with a clinical suspicion of invasive disease and as a complement to culture, but should be interpreted in the light of other laboratory and clinical findings.

title: Real-time polymerase chain reaction and culture in the diagnosis of invasive group B streptococcal disease in XXXX : a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity2623 :: ('MESH:C531629', 'Disease') :: ['GBS infection']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'Group B streptococcus']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive GBS disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: AIM: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological predictors of survival in @entity1 with @entity1419 , mass-forming type (ICC-MF), following curative intent hepatectomy. METHODS: Clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed in a series of 42 @entity1 who underwent curative hepatectomy for ICC-MF between February 1987 and December 2012. The relationship between immunohistochemical expression profiles of @entity3558 ( @entity3558 ) core proteins ( @entity5091 , @entity5089 , and @entity21826 ) and surgical outcomes was examined. RESULTS: The overall median follow-up period was 2.6 years (0.2-17.9). Bile duct reconstruction (p  =  0.017), lymph node @entity3 (p  =  0.049), maximal mass diameter >= 5.0  cm (p  =  0.002), and @entity5089 expression (p  =  0.003) were identified as significant adverse predictors of overall survival by univariate analysis. Bile duct reconstruction (p  =  0.048), maximal mass diameter  >= 5.0  cm (p  =  0.002), and @entity5089 expression (p  =  0.005) were found to be independent predictors of poor prognosis by multivariate analysis. Maximal mass diameter >= 5.0  cm (p  =  0.011) was found to be an independent predictor for the @entity5 recurrence. There was a strong correlation between @entity5089 expression and lymph node @entity3 (p  =  0.021). @entity21826 expression was more frequent in @entity1 with concurrent @entity5089 expression (p  =  0.019). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5089 expression was significantly related to long-term prognosis and @entity146 development, and may be a useful prognostic marker.

title: Prognostic evaluation of @entity3558 -5AC expression in XXXX , mass-forming type, following hepatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive tumor']

entities_list: @entity1419 :: ('MESH:C535533', 'Disease') :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1419 :: (MESH:C535533,Disease) :: ['intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5115 ( @entity5115 ), an inherited @entity74 , is a severe @entity294 of infancy which is clinically characterized by absence of @entity32 and presence of intestinal villous atrophy. Mutations in the @entity5960 gene were identified to cause @entity5115 . Recent cases of @entity5115 harboring the @entity72911 (19q13.2) mutation were described. METHODS: Four @entity5115 Italian @entity1 were clinically and immunohistochemically characterized. Direct DNA sequencing of @entity5960 and @entity72911 genes was performed. RESULTS: All @entity1 were of Italian origin. Three different mutations were detected (p.Asp219Metfs*15, @entity72912 *6 and @entity72913 ) in the @entity5960 gene; one of them is novel ( @entity72913 ). Two @entity1 (P1 and P2) showed compound heterozygosity revealing two mutations in separate alleles. A third @entity1 (P3) was heterozygous for only one novel @entity5960 missense mutation ( @entity72913 ). In a syndromic @entity1 (P4), no deleterious @entity5960 mutation was found. Additional @entity72911 mutational analysis was performed. P4 showed a homozygous @entity72911 mutation ( @entity72914 ). No @entity72911 mutation was found in P3. @entity17291 was also evaluated as a candidate gene by mutational screening in P3 but no mutation was identified. CONCLUSION: This study presented a molecular characterization of @entity5115 Italian @entity1 , and identified three mutations in the @entity5960 gene and one in the @entity72911 gene. One of @entity5960 mutations was novel, therefore increasing the mutational spectrum of allelic variants of the @entity5960 gene. Molecular analysis of the @entity72911 gene also allowed us to identify a @entity72911 substitution mutation ( @entity72915 ) recently found to be associated with syndromic @entity5115 subjects.

title: Genetic analysis of Italian @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5115 :: ('MESH:C567703', 'Disease') :: ['CTE', 'Congenital tufting enteropathy', 'syndromic tufting enteropathy']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity72913 :: ('p|SUB|I|146|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['p.Ile146Asn']

entities_list: @entity72912 :: ('p|SUB|Y|186|F', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['Tyr186Phefs']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal recessive rare disease']

answer: @entity5115 :: (MESH:C567703,Disease) :: ['congenital tufting enteropathy']


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Hedyotis corymbosa (Linn.) Lam. is a small herb commonly called as khetpapra, traditionally used to treat a wide range of diseases including @entity490 , @entity625 and @entity32 . This study was conducted to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of @entity1068 extract of Hedyotis corymbosa (EEHC) whole plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antinociceptive activity of EEHC was evaluated in @entity19 using both chemical- and heat-induced @entity158 models such as @entity1543 -induced writhing, hot plate, tail immersion, @entity406 , and @entity2227 tests at 50, 100, and 200mg/kg doses. In order to verify the possible involvement of opioid receptors in the central antinociceptive effect of EEHC, the effects found in hot plate and tail immersion tests were antagonized with @entity1510 . RESULTS: EEHC produced a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect against the chemical- and heat-induced @entity158 in @entity19 , significantly at 100 and 200mg/kg doses. These findings suggest that the action of EEHC involves both peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanisms. The antinociceptive activity of EEHC was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with @entity1510 , indicating the influence of opioid receptors on the exertion of EEHC action centrally. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the antinociceptive activity of Hedyotis corymbosa and possible underlying mechanism(s) that supports the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of different @entity158 .

title: Evaluation of antinociceptive effect of @entity1068 extract of Hedyotis corymbosa Linn. whole plant in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful conditions']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The induction mechanism of @entity1457 70 ( @entity2285 ) gene by @entity3409 was investigated. In @entity1 amniotic WISH cells, @entity2285 was induced by @entity3409 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. @entity3409 -induced @entity2285 mRNA levels were enhanced 3- to 4-fold after depletion of intracellular @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) by either @entity43840 or @entity3016 . Under these conditions, @entity273 might increase in the absence of substrate for @entity2041 peroxidase. We found that exogenous @entity273 alone induced @entity2285 which was further enhanced significantly after @entity2197 -depletion by diethylmaleate. On the other hand, treatment of cells by @entity8584 , an inhibitor of @entity224 dismutase, induced @entity2285 2-fold over the level of control. This induction was further stimulated by @entity3409 even in the presence of @entity2197 . Furthermore, a 4-fold increase of intracellular @entity2197 by the treatment of cells with @entity71202 did not diminish the @entity3409 -induced @entity2285 . Gel mobility shift assays of nuclear extracts, from these differently treated cells, with oligonucleotide containing a promoter region of @entity2285 gene revealed that the levels of @entity2285 mRNA observed in the present study corresponded to the changes of transcription. These results imply that the induction of @entity2285 mRNA by @entity3409 is mediated at least partly via reactive @entity26 species and attenuated by cellular @entity2197 and that some part of @entity3409 -induced @entity2285 can not be eliminated by @entity2197 , suggesting that multiple signals are functioning for this induction.

title: Induction of @entity1457 70 mRNA by XXXX is mediated by @entity2041 suppressive and non-suppressive triggers.

entities_list: @entity43840 :: ('MESH:C014476', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylmaleate']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['heat shock']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity3409 :: ('MESH:D002104', 'Chemical') :: ['Cadmium', 'cadmium']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity8584 :: ('MESH:D004050', 'Chemical') :: ['diethyldithiocarbamate']

entities_list: @entity3016 :: ('MESH:D019328', 'Chemical') :: ['buthionine sulfoximine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity71202 :: ('MESH:C058293', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione isopropyl ester']

answer: @entity3409 :: (MESH:D002104,Chemical) :: ['cadmium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The role of reproductive factors, such as parental age, in the pathogenesis of @entity1778 is being intensively examined; the results of individual studies are controversial. This meta-analysis aims to quantitatively synthesize the published data on the association between parental age and risk of two major distinct @entity1778 in the offspring. Eligible studies were identified and pooled relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated using random-effects models, separately for childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) and @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ). Subgroup analyses were performed by study design, geographical region, adjustment factors; sensitivity analyses and meta-regression analyses were also undertaken. 77 studies (69 case-control and eight cohort) were deemed eligible. Older maternal and paternal age were associated with increased risk for @entity981 (pooled RR  =  1.05, 95  % CI 1.01-1.10; pooled RR  =  1.04, 95  % CI 1.00-1.08, per 5  year increments, respectively). The association between maternal age and risk of @entity3052 showed a U-shaped pattern, with symmetrically associated increased risk in the oldest (pooled RR  =  1.23, 95  % CI 1.06-1.43) and the youngest (pooled RR  =  1.23, 95  % CI 1.07-1.40) extremes. Lastly, only younger fathers were at increased risk of having a @entity1 with @entity3052 (pooled RR  =  1.28, 95  % CI 1.04-1.59). In conclusion, maternal and paternal age represents a meaningful risk factor for @entity1778 , albeit of different effect size by @entity1778 subtype. Genetic and socio-economic factors may underlie the observed associations. Well-adjusted studies, scheduled by large consortia, are anticipated to satisfactorily address methodological issues, whereas the potential underlying genetic mechanisms should be elucidated by basic research studies.

title: Risk for XXXX associated with maternal and paternal age.

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia types', 'childhood leukemias', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['childhood ALL', 'ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML', 'childhood AML']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: The reflex mediated mechanical response was studied in the ankle flexors and ankle extensors of healthy and @entity508 subjects at maintained contractions from low to high concentration levels. This was done by a technique where muscle stretches could be applied during contractions with stretch reflex responses present or during contractions where the stretch reflex was absent. Stretch responses without stretch reflexes were obtained during contractions elicited by electrical stimulation. The validity of this method is discussed in details and it is concluded that the stretch responses during electrical stimulation can give a correct estimate of the non-reflex muscle response. The method is difficult to carry out in many @entity1 subjects and a number of precautions have to be taken. In healthy subjects a large reflex mediated mechanical response was found in the ankle flexors and ankle extensors, with the largest response at low and intermediate contraction levels. Surprisingly the reflex mediated mechanical response was found to be of equal size in the ankle extensors of @entity508 @entity1 and control subjects at all contraction levels. In the ankle flexors no reflex mediated mechanical response was present in the @entity1 contrary to the findings in the control subjects. A method was developed to predict the reflex mediated mechanical response from the reflex mediated EMG response. The method was successfully applied in the ankle flexors. In the ankle extensors the measured reflex mediated mechanical response was a factor of 2.5 lower than the EMG predicted mechanical reflex response. It was concluded that the method cannot be applied in situations where a large synchronized EMG response occurs--as it does in the ankle extensors. An increased EMG response was found in the ankle extensors in @entity508 @entity1 , but this was not followed by an increased mechanical reflex response. This emphasizes that conclusions drawn from EMG results should be done with caution. Stretch reflexes are increased in @entity508 @entity1 during clinical examination. This is in contrast to the findings under our experimental conditions, where the reflex mediated response during maintained contraction was decreased in the ankle flexors and unchanged in the ankle extensors of @entity508 @entity1 . Others have found that the H-reflex is modulated in healthy subjects in relation to different motor tasks. It was proposed that healthy subjects set the reflex in a facilitated state in relation to ongoing contraction under our experimental conditions and perhaps in a more inhibited state in the clinical test situation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Mechanical and electromyographic stretch responses in XXXX and healthy subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['spastic']


abstract: The ability of @entity794 to resist phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is thought to be an important virulence factor for this microorganism. We have studied the effect of 3 major cell wall components of @entity794 , peptidoglycan, protein A, and @entity11845 , on PMN function. Phagocytosis and @entity6722 were both inhibited by prior incubation of PMN with peptidoglycan. This effect was dose- and time-related; incubation with as little as 2.5 micrograms/ml for 30 min produced a discernible suppressive effect. Suppression of PMN function was independent of the presence of human serum but was abolished by rabbit antiserum to peptidoglycan. Addition of peptidoglycan to PMN stimulated a prolonged chemiluminescence response that was greater when the peptidoglycan was first incubated in normal serum, perhaps reflection opsonization of this particulate material. Although protein A also suppressed phagocytic and chemotactic capabilities of PMN, this effect was observed only in the presence of serum and was eliminated by absorbing Ig. Centrifugation of the serum + protein A mixture showed that the suppressive effect was contained in the precipitated sediment. Complexes of Ig alone were not suppressive. @entity11845 in concentrations less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml had no adverse effect on PMN function. These studies describe ways in which peptidoglycan and protein A may interfere with phagocytosis and @entity6722 of @entity1 PMN, thus giving evidence for the role of these cell wall components as virulence factors.

title: Suppression of phagocytosis and XXXX by cell wall components of @entity794 .

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity11845 :: ('CHEBI:30049', 'Chemical') :: ['Teichoic acid', 'teichoic acid']

answer: @entity6722 :: (MESH:C565534,Disease) :: ['chemotaxis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy and/or vasovasostomy in the treatment of obstructive @entity3893 . METHODS: This study included 76 @entity1 with obstructive @entity3893 , 53 treated by bilateral vasoepididymostomy (8 involving the epididymal head, 18 involving the epididymal body, 5 involving the epididymal tail, and 22 involving the epididymal head, body and tail), 14 by unilateral vasoepididymostomy, and the other 9 by unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy (including cross @entity254 ). We followed up the @entity1 for 2 to 16 months for the patency rate, routine semen parameters, and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: The success rate of bilateral vasoepididymostomy, unilateral vasoepididymostomy, and unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy (including cross @entity254 ) were 62.26% (33/53), 35.71% (5/14), and 77.78% (7/9), respectively. The average sperm concentrations in the three groups of @entity1 were (27.9 +/- 5.74), (11.8 +/- 8.33), and (19.9 +/- 7.53) x 10(6)/ml, the average total sperm counts were (65.6 +/- 13.71), (28.0 +/- 15.86), and (69.2 +/- 28.59) x 10(6), and the mean rates of progressively motile sperm were (22.3 +/- 3.18), (11.0 +/- 9.77), and (15.8 +/- 5.05)%, respectively. The success rates of bilateral vasoepididymostomy that involved the epididymal head, body, tail, and all the three parts were 62.5, 72.22, 60, and 54.55%, respectively. Natural pregnancy was achieved in 8 (10.53%) of the total number of cases. CONCLUSION: Microsurgery is effective for the treatment obstructive @entity3893 . Unilateral vasoepididymostomy + unilateral vasovasostomy is superior to the other procedures, followed by bilateral vasoepididymostomy. @entity3892 may achieve a slightly better effect than that involving the other epididymal parts.

title: [Microsurgical treatment of obstructive XXXX : a report of 76 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

entities_list: @entity3892 :: ('MESH:D004823', 'Disease') :: ['Bilateral vasoepididymostomy involving the epididymal body']

answer: @entity3893 :: (MESH:D053713,Disease) :: ['azoospermia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up of @entity1 who underwent @entity3886 with @entity3585 ( @entity3585 ) has rarely been brought into the focus. METHODS: Of 299 @entity1 who underwent an arterial switch operation between January 1991 and January 2001, 23 @entity1 had anatomic @entity3585 . Age ranged from 4 days to 18 years (median 90 days) and weight ranged from 2.6 to 35 kg (median 4.3 kg). Surgical management included arterial switch operation, closure of @entity1757 wherever indicated, and excision of @entity3585 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with preoperative @entity3585 there were 2 early deaths and 8 @entity1 had mild @entity338 at the time of discharge. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 9 years (mean 60 +/- 12 months). In 4 @entity1 who had mild @entity338 at discharge, the regurgitation progressed to moderate or severe degree after a follow-up of 22 to 72 months. In 1 @entity1 mild @entity339 present at the time of discharge progressed to severe @entity339 . This @entity1 subsequently underwent double valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of preoperative anatomical @entity3585 in @entity1 undergoing arterial switch operation predicts high incidence of @entity86 .

title: Late outcome after XXXX with @entity3585 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'LVOTO']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['arterial switch operation for complete transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['neoaortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neoaortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity3886 :: (MESH:D014188,Disease) :: ['arterial switch operation for complete transposition of great arteries']