abstract: A multi-center study was carried out to compare the healing rates of @entity5616 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 and to assess the side-effect liability of @entity5616 300 mg given in a single daily dose. Forty-five outpatients suffering from endoscopically and bioptically proven uncomplicated benign @entity2275 were selected for the study. The @entity1 were treated, for 4 weeks, on the basis of a double-blind randomized design. An endoscopic examination was repeated within 4 days after the end of the treatments. The @entity1 who did not demonstrate complete healing were treated for an additional 4-week period. Clinical controls were performed to evaluate symptoms, antacid consumption, compliance with trial tablet consumption; hematological and biochemical tests were also carried out at the end of the 4 and 8-week periods. No differences were observed between the healing rate induced by 300 mg nocte and 150 mg b.i.d., after 4 weeks of treatment (76% and 79% respectively) and after 8 weeks (100% in both groups). Similar results were obtained as far as symptoms, antacid consumption and compliance are concerned. Neither treatment regimen induced appreciable side-effects.

title: A double-blind controlled trial of XXXX 300 mg nocte and @entity5616 150 mg b.i.d. in the short-term treatment of @entity2275 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity2275 :: ('MESH:D013276', 'Disease') :: ['gastric ulcers', 'gastric ulcer']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based differential display was used to screen for alterations in gene expression in the mesolimbic system of the @entity1 alcoholic brain. Total RNA was extracted from the nucleus accumbens of five alcoholic and five control brains. A selected subpopulation of mRNA was reverse-transcribed to cDNA and amplified by PCR. A differentially expressed cDNA fragment was recovered, cloned, and sequenced. Full sequence analysis of this 467 bp fragment revealed 98.2% homology with the @entity1 mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene. Dot-blot analysis showed increased expression of this gene in nucleus accumbens and hippocampus, but not in the superior frontal cortex, primary motor cortex, caudate, and pallidus/putamen in a total of eight @entity1 alcoholic brains, compared with seven control brains. A similar increased expression was observed by dot-blot analysis, using RNA from the cerebral cortex of @entity35 chronically treated with @entity167 vapor. Hybridization of a 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probe indicated that the expression of both rRNAs genes was significantly increased in nucleus accumbens. These results indicate that chronic @entity167 consumption induces alteration in expression of mitochondrial genes in selected brain regions. The altered gene expression may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction in the @entity167 -affected brain.

title: Increased expression of mitochondrial genes in XXXX alcoholic brain revealed by differential display.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In a first set of experiments @entity35 were trained to run in a straight alley for food reward on a continuous reinforcement schedule and the running response was then extinguished. On the last 2 days of training and daily throughout extinction different groups of animals were injected IP with saline, 5 mg/kg @entity8685 , 0.75 mg/kg @entity5094 , @entity8685 + @entity5094 , @entity8685 + 1.5 mg/kg @entity1027 , 0.00125 or 0.25 mg/kg @entity6341 , 1 mg/kg @entity1772 , @entity8685 + @entity1772 , or 0.00125 mg/kg @entity6341 + @entity1772 . @entity8685 increased resistance to extinction, a well-known anxiolytic effect. This effect was blocked by both @entity5094 and @entity1027 . @entity5094 on its own reduced resistance to extinction (an anxiogenic-like effect). Whether given alone or in combination with other drugs, @entity6341 and @entity1772 had no effect. In a second set of experiments @entity35 were trained in a successive operant discrimination (signalled by a @entity11170 or steady light) between components in which @entity969 reward was available on a variable-interval schedule for barpressing and components in which no reward was given. @entity8685 at 10 mg/kg increased responding in both rewarded and nonrewarded components, but more in the latter than could be accounted for by change in the former. This effect is as expected with an anxiolytic drug. It was not altered by administration of @entity1027 at 1.5 or 1.75 mg/kg; at 2 mg/kg @entity1027 acted synergistically with @entity8685 . @entity5094 (1 and 1.5 mg/kg) also acted synergistically with @entity8685 , enhancing the latter's rate-increasing effects, but only during rewarded components. Neither @entity6341 (0.00125 and 0.25 mg/kg) nor @entity1772 (0.01 mg/kg) affected response rates, whether given alone or in combination. However, @entity1772 in a dose of 1 mg/kg, provided it was given to @entity35 also injected with @entity6341 (0.00125 or 0.25 mg/kg) at other times, significantly reduced responding during nonrewarded components (an apparently anxiogenic effect). The results of the two sets of experiments are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that @entity734 affect behaviour by increasing GABAergic inhibition.

title: The effects of compounds related to gamma-aminobutyrate and benzodiazepine receptors on behavioural responses to anxiogenic stimuli in the XXXX : extinction and successive discrimination.

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity1027 :: ('MESH:D001640', 'Chemical') :: ['bicuculline']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity8685 :: ('MESH:D002707', 'Chemical') :: ['Chlordiazepoxide', 'chlordiazepoxide']

entities_list: @entity5094 :: ('MESH:D010852', 'Chemical') :: ['picrotoxin', 'Picrotoxin']

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['anxiolytic drugs']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to study the DNA distribution of 99 @entity5 biopsy specimens and 41 bladder irrigation samples from @entity1 with transitional cell @entity150 . For @entity5 biopsy and cystectomy specimens, the frequency of aneuploidy increased with advancing @entity5 stage and grade. All T0 @entity5 were diploid. Twenty-seven percent of T1, 71.4% of T2, and 75% of T3 and T4 @entity5 were @entity2007 . All Grade I @entity5 were diploid. Thirty percent of Grade II and 76.9% of @entity5 were @entity2007 . The frequency of @entity5 in the early stages (Ta, T1) is similar to the incidence of subsequent progression by these @entity5 described in the literature. For irrigation fluids, the relationship between grade and stage and the frequency of aneuploidy was similar to the relationship seen with @entity5 specimens. All four @entity1 with @entity189 in situ had @entity2007 cells in their irrigations. The comparison of FCM data of bladder biopsy and bladder irrigation from the same cystoscopic evaluation suggests adequate representation of @entity5 cells in the irrigation fluids for almost all cases. The authors conclude that DNA ploidy analysis by FCM appears useful in a clinically important group of @entity1 with @entity2007 superficial @entity5 of moderate or high grade. Bladder irrigation analysis appears useful in the follow-up of @entity1 with a history of @entity189 in situ and those with @entity5 .

title: Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in XXXX @entity150 and irrigation fluids.

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'aneuploidy of tumors', 'Grade III tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['only carcinoma', 'carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the bladder']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Mitochondria play critical roles in oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism. Increasing evidence supports that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction play vital roles in the development of many mitochondria-related diseases, such as @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity249 , @entity179 , and @entity5 in @entity1 . @entity1 @entity25469 -DNA glycosylase 1 ( @entity9552 ) transgenic (TG) @entity19 were produced by nuclear microinjection. Transgene integration was analyzed by PCR. Transgene expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial DNA damage was analyzed by mutational analyses and measurement of mtDNA copy number. Total fat content was measured by a whole-body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The @entity9552 overexpression in mitochondria increased the abundance of intracellular free radicals and major deletions in mtDNA. @entity28 in @entity9552 TG @entity19 resulted from increased fat content in tissues, produced by @entity7298 . The molecular mechanisms of @entity28 involved overexpression of genes in the central orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) pathway, peripheral lipogenesis, down-regulation of genes in the central anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) pathway, peripheral adaptive thermogenesis, and @entity844 oxidation. Diffuse hepatosteatosis, @entity9814 , and increased frequency of @entity706 were also seen in these @entity9552 TG @entity19 . High levels of @entity9552 expression in mitochondria, resulting in enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing, may be an important factor in @entity1 @entity209 , @entity249 , and @entity5 .

title: XXXX and hepatosteatosis in @entity19 with enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing in mitochondria.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['Obesity', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity7298 :: ('MESH:D006963', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphagia']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity9814 :: ('MESH:D007247', 'Disease') :: ['female infertility']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['Obesity']


abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the ability of antigen-driven cloned helper cell independent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (HITc) to proliferate and to survive in vivo and to mediate @entity5 therapy. The HITc clone utilized (denoted 1.B6) was specifically cytolytic to @entity16671 , a syngeneic Friend virus-induced @entity19 @entity1778 . Activation in vitro (48 hr) with @entity16671 induced secretion of @entity2047 ( @entity2047 ), expression of @entity3783 ( @entity3783 ), and in vitro proliferation. These cells could be "rested" for several weeks without stimulation, which resulted in reduced expression of @entity3783 ; however, restimulation with antigen resulted in reinduction of @entity3783 and proliferation. The ability of cloned HITc to proliferate and to survive in vivo was examined in @entity786 (CY) pretreated donor @entity19 congenic for the @entity3512 gene. Adoptively transferred cloned HITc could be found in large numbers, and were widely distributed in vivo 1 wk after transfer. In @entity5 therapy, 1.B6 cells when injected into a site of @entity5 (i.p.) and used as an adjunct to CY were effective against disseminated @entity16671 . In this circumstance, cloned 1.B6 cells could be recovered from cured @entity19 125 days after transfer and were shown to specifically @entity5 and proliferate in vitro in response to @entity16671 . Thus as an adjunct to CY, @entity5 -specific cloned HITc are capable of eradicating disseminated @entity1778 , persisting long-term in vivo, and providing specific immunologic memory.

title: Antigen-driven T cell clones can proliferate in vivo, eradicate disseminated XXXX , and provide specific immunologic memory.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lyse tumor']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['leukemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pelvic and paraortic lymph nodal regions are frequent sites of relapse in @entity1 with @entity1204 who have not undergone adjuvant external beam radiation. We investigated outcomes after definitive management of nodal relapses of @entity1204 with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). METHODS: Between 2002-2012, 38 @entity1 with @entity1204 who had no prior external beam radiation were treated definitively using IMRT for regionally confined pelvic or paraortic nodal recurrences. Thirteen (34%) had chemotherapy prior to radiation, and 21 (55%) received concurrent chemotherapy. The nodal basins were typically treated to 45-50Gy, with a boost to the gross @entity5 to a median total of 64.7Gy (range 59-73Gy). RESULTS: The median overall survival from date of recurrence was 46.1months and the 2-year survival was 71%. @entity1 who received concurrent chemotherapy had a significantly longer median survival (61.9months versus 28.7months, p=0.034). In-field failures were more frequent in @entity1 who received chemotherapy prior to radiation, had a shorter recurrence-free interval, received a lower radiation dose, and had higher @entity5 grade. Three @entity1 (8%) experienced grade 3-4 late gastrointestinal (GI) @entity137 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival can be achieved in @entity1 with nodal recurrences of @entity1204 . The use of concurrent chemotherapy and dose escalation with IMRT as feasible may improve survival for @entity1 with isolated nodal recurrences of @entity1204 .

title: Management of nodal recurrences of XXXX with IMRT.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['endometrial cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: An unusually high incidence of @entity5417 was observed during a phase I/II trial of high-dose intravenous @entity205 (CsA) therapy to @entity5 multidrug resistance (MDR). Five of 21 @entity1 experienced severe @entity5417 shortly after initiation of the first or second CsA infusion. We hypothesized that improper dissolution of the vehicle Cremophor EL may have been a cause for these @entity5417 . METHODS: All nurses who had administered intravenous @entity870 were interviewed regarding their technique of preparing the infusion and the occurrence of an anaphylactoid reaction. The responses were statistically analyzed. The effect of various mixing techniques on the distribution of Cremophor EL in the infusion was experimentally evaluated. Different mixing techniques were used to assess their effect on the distribution of Cremophor EL in the solution. RESULTS: Analysis of the preparation techniques of the CsA infusion showed significant correlation between suboptimal mixing of CsA by nurses and the occurrence of @entity5417 (P = .02). Experimental simulation showed that suboptimal mixing results in an uneven distribution of Cremophor EL, which subsequently sinks to the bottom of the vial. CONCLUSION: Improper mixing of high-dose CsA infusions causes nonsolubilized Cremophor EL to sink to the outflow area of the bottle. An initial bolus infusion of highly concentrated Cremophor EL may produce an anaphylactoid-like response. This mechanism of @entity137 is important to recognize, because it is easily preventable by proper preparation of the infusion, thus reducing the incidence of potentially life-threatening @entity5417 .

title: Anaphylactoid reactions in @entity1 receiving high-dose intravenous XXXX for reversal of @entity5 resistance: the causative role of improper dissolution of Cremophor EL.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['attenuate tumor']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity5417 :: ('MESH:D011695', 'Disease') :: ['anaphylactoid reactions']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Elastic light single-scattering spectroscopy system (ELSSS) is a biomedical tool which is used for detection of cancerous tissues ex-vivo. ELSSS spectra depend primarily on the size of scatterers in the tissue and are not directly related to changes in the absorption which are caused by variations of the biological macromolecules. In the present study, we aimed to detect @entity3 in the pelvic lymph node by using combination of Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and @entity1650 ( @entity1650 ). Single-scattering spectra in the 450-750nm wavelength regions were obtained from the total of 83 reactive lymph node and 12 metastatic lymph node samples from 10 @entity263 @entity1 . The ELSSS spectral data were compared against the "gold standard" histopathology results. Data analyses were done via using PCA, followed by @entity1650 . Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was employed for differentiating performance. The classification based on discriminant score provided sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96.4%, in differentiating non-metastatic (reactive) from metastatic pelvic lymph nodes, with a Positive Predictive Value ( @entity2286 ) of 0.8, a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 0.99 and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.99, respectively. In this study, it was shown that ELSSS system can accurately distinguish reactive and metastatic pelvic lymph nodes of @entity263 with high @entity2286 and NPV. It can be concluded that diagnostic accuracy of ELSSS system allows detecting metastatic tissues during operation.

title: Diagnosis of pelvic lymph node @entity3 in XXXX using single optical fiber probe.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['Linear Discriminant Analysis', 'LDA']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: We have analysed the role played by @entity12622 ( @entity378 ) in Italy today, and in particular in L'Aquila, in the light of a worrying recrudescence. We report the case of a 64-year-old @entity1 , in menopause for the past 11 years or so, referred to the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic of the University of L'Aquila, with an anamnesis of menometrorrhagia since the age of 55. The @entity1 was studied from a gynecological and internist profile including the following procedures: gynecological examination and pap-test, colposcopy, transvaginal scan, chest X-ray, abdominal and pelvic CAT, laboratory tests and Mantoux reaction. The uterus was found to be fibromatous during the gynecological examination and scan, whereas colposcopy revealed a small ectropion and the presence of very adherent yellowish mucus. The Mantoux test was positive. CAT showed cicatricial sequelae in the @entity358 . It was decided to perform curettage, but this was prevented by the presence of pyometra. The @entity1 was treated with specific chemotherapy and then underwent total laparohysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy. The histological findings confirmed genital @entity378 . Genital @entity378 is now undergoing a worrying recrudescence. We need to have a full knowledge of the pathology, the diagnostic means with which to discover it and the correct therapeutic instruments to overcome it.

title: XXXX in a menopausal @entity1 . A case report.

entities_list: @entity12622 :: ('MESH:D014401', 'Disease') :: ['genital tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

answer: @entity12622 :: (MESH:D014401,Disease) :: ['Genital tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Similar to conventional cryogen spray cooling, @entity544 ( @entity515 ) spray may be used in combination with laser cartilage reshaping (LCR) to produce cartilage shape change while minimizing cutaneous thermal injury. Recent ex vivo evaluation of LCR with @entity515 cooling in a @entity95 model has identified a promising initial parameter space for in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate shape change and @entity130 following LCR with @entity515 cooling in 5 live @entity95 . STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The midportion of live @entity95 ears were irradiated with a 1.45     m wavelength diode laser (12   J/cm(2) ) with simultaneous @entity515 spray cooling (85   millisecond duration, 4 alternating heating/cooling cycles per site, 5 to 6 irradiation sites per row for 3 rows per ear). Experimental and control ears (no LCR) were splinted in the flexed position for 30 days following exposure. A total of 5 ears each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: Shape change was observed in all irradiated ears (mean 70        3  ), which was statistically different from control (mean 37        11  , P   =   0.009). No significant thermal @entity130 was observed, with preservation of the full thickness of skin, microvasculature, and adnexal structures. Confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated an intact and viable chondrocyte population surrounding irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: LCR with @entity515 spray cooling can produce clinically significant shape change in the @entity95 auricle while minimizing thermal cutaneous and @entity130 and frostbite. This pilot study lends support for the potential use of @entity515 spray as an adjunct to existing thermal-based cartilage reshaping modalities. An in vivo systematic evaluation of optimal laser dosimetry and cooling parameters is required. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:791-795, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: In vivo laser cartilage reshaping with XXXX spray cooling in a @entity95 ear model: A pilot study.

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['cartilaginous injury', 'cutaneous injury']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

answer: @entity544 :: (MESH:D002245,Chemical) :: ['carbon dioxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examines the effect of variations in @entity341 ( @entity341 ) volume on physician work efficiency (new @entity1 per hour) and work profile ( @entity1 -related activities, including both direct and indirect @entity1 care) and whether these differ between first- (Postgraduate Year [ @entity1262 ) and third- ( @entity3970 ) year residents. The authors also determine if changes in volume are associated with changes in teaching interactions between attending and resident physicians. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of resident and attending physicians in the @entity341 . Research assistants (RAs) followed @entity341 residents during clinical shifts and recorded a multitude of data including the amount of time spent in specific activities, the number of new @entity1 seen, and the frequency of attending physician teaching interactions. RESULTS: Third-year residents see more new @entity1 per hour (1.79 vs. 1.16, p < 0.001) than do their first-year counterparts. In addition, third-year residents spend almost 50% less time with each @entity1 (10.7 minutes vs. 19.4 minutes, p < 0.001), and first-year residents spend three times as much time per shift discussing @entity1 with attending physicians (59.4 minutes vs. 27.3 minutes, p = 0.002). More of the @entity1262 /attending interactions resulted in educational exchanges (54.9% vs. 34.6%, p = 0.003). @entity1262 residents also spend more time on dictations per @entity1 (9.6 minutes vs. 5.4 minutes, p = 0.01) and more time on paperwork per @entity1 (18.5 minutes vs. 6.5 minutes, p = 0.007). As @entity341 volume tripled, @entity1262 residents were able to increase their @entity1 load to a greater extent than were @entity3970 residents by decreasing the length of each @entity1 encounter as volume increased. Overall, @entity341 volume had no effect on the number of teaching interactions, although the length of exchange decreased as volume increased. CONCLUSIONS: Third-year residents see and carry more @entity1 than do their first-year counterparts. They do so primarily by decreasing the amount of time spent with @entity1 and attendings and working more efficiently overall. However, they are not as capable of altering their work profiles in the face of increased volume as their first-year counterparts. While the length of teaching interactions is decreased as volume increases, the number of those interactions resulting in teaching remains constant regardless of volume.

title: An evaluation of resident work profiles, attending-resident teaching interactions, and the effect of variations in XXXX volume on each.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: It has been reported that plasma @entity1255 ( @entity5784 ) levels in type 1 @entity6 (T1DM) @entity1 without renal involvement are higher, similar to or lower than those in healthy controls. METHODS AND RESULTS: We measured plasma @entity5784 in 60 controls, 79 type 1 @entity6 (23 with @entity989 , 22 with @entity8 ) and 73 non-diabetic relatives of 30 probands. The female controls had lower levels than their male counterparts: geometric mean 10.5 vs 13.6 mumol/L, p < 0.001. Among the controls, smokers (n = 20) and ex-smokers (n = 12) had higher @entity5784 levels than non-smokers (n = 28): 13.2 and 13.2 vs 10.9 mumol/L, p < 0.01. Among the @entity6 , high plasma @entity5784 levels were associated with male gender: 11.9 vs 9.1 mumol/L in @entity1 , p < 0.01. The @entity1 without complications had higher plasma @entity413 and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p < 0.001), and lower plasma @entity5784 (9.2 mumol/L vs 12.2, p < 0.01) and @entity414 levels (p < 0.05) than the controls. The @entity1 with @entity8 and higher levels of @entity5784 (13.0 mumol/L vs 9.0, p < 0.05), and different levels of @entity1011 (p < 0.01), @entity414 (p < 0.01), @entity2002 (p < 0.05), and urinary albumin (p < 0.001) than those with @entity989 . There was no difference in @entity5784 levels between the @entity1 ' relatives and the controls: 11.9 mumol/L in siblings vs 11.6 mumol/L, 13.5 mumol/L in parents vs 12.1 mumol/L. In the control group, plasma @entity5784 levels were associated with age, gender and smoking; among the @entity6 , they correlated with age, gender, smoking, and plasma @entity1011 and lipoprotein (a) levels. CONCLUSIONS: 1) male gender and smoking are associated with high @entity5784 levels in healthy @entity1 ; 2) plasma @entity5784 levels are lower in T1DM @entity1 than in healthy @entity1 (glomerular hyperfiltration and accelerated hepatic transsulfuration?); 3) high @entity5784 levels are associated with @entity2316 and plasma @entity1011 levels; and 4) non-diabetic first-degree relatives of type 1 @entity6 have normal plasma @entity5784 concentrations.

title: Blood levels of total XXXX in @entity1 with type 1 @entity6 (with no complications, @entity2316 and/or @entity989 ) and in their non-diabetic relatives.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity1255 :: (MESH:D006710,Chemical) :: ['homocysteine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have previously reported premature, extensive @entity730 in @entity1 with homozygous @entity753 (hmzFH) due to mutations in the @entity754 gene ( @entity754 ). The objective of this study was to measure the degree of @entity730 in heterozygous FH (htzFH) compared to both hmzFH and controls. We hypothesized that the @entity754 gene may contribute to @entity730 in a gene-dosage effect. METHOD: @entity1 with htzFH due to the French Canadian mutation ( @entity21317 kb del. null allele) were selected. All @entity1 underwent computed tomographic scan to measure @entity729 . We used 22 hmzFH @entity1 from our previous study and @entity1 undergoing computed tomographic virtual colonoscopy as controls. RESULTS: Mean age for htzFH was 50 +/- 15 years; initial @entity165 level before treatment was 10.45 +/- 1.73 mmol/ @entity3667 cardiovascular events occurred in 9 of 17 @entity1 . A strong correlation between age and @entity460 score was found (r = 0.72, P = .0016). There was a strong correlation between the @entity165 -year score (an index of lifelong @entity165 burden) and the aortic @entity460 score (r = 0.62, P = .0105). @entity730 in htzFH subjects occurred later than in hmzFH @entity1 , but much earlier than in controls, suggesting a gene-dosage effect of @entity754 mutations and aortic @entity460 deposition. CONCLUSION: @entity730 was observed in @entity1 with htzFH but presented at a later time and were less extensive than in hmzFH (34 vs 14 years, respectively). Because @entity730 may be partly independent of serum @entity165 levels in @entity1 with @entity753 , implications for screening and the timing of treatment initiation may need reassessment.

title: XXXX in @entity753 : potential role of the @entity754 gene.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density lipoprotein receptor', 'LDL-R']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['familial hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic calcification', 'aortic calcification', 'aortic calcifications', 'Aortic calcifications']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['Aortic calcifications']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to examine whether the cumulative inflammatory burden is associated with an increase in arterial stiffness in a prospective cohort of @entity5144 ( @entity5144 ) @entity1 . METHODS: In total, 72 @entity5144 @entity1 were followed for a median of 6.5 years. Cumulative inflammatory burden was represented by the cumulative averages of repeated measures of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ca-ESR) and @entity1851 (ca-CRP). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity ( @entity122 ) was measured at the last visit. We also included 47 healthy controls for @entity122 assessment. RESULTS: @entity122 was significantly higher in @entity5144 @entity1 compared with healthy controls after adjustment for age, gender and body weight (1466  29 cm/s versus 1323  38 cm/s, P=0.008). @entity5144 @entity1 were divided into two groups based on whether their @entity122 value is >= 1450 cm/s (High @entity122 group, N=38) or <1450 cm/s (Low @entity122 group, N=34). The High @entity122 group had a significantly higher ca-ESR (29 (19 to 44) versus 18 (10 to 32) mm/1st hour, P=0.005) and ca-CRP (0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) versus 0.4 (0.2 to 0.7) mg/dl, P=0.029). Using regression analysis, high ca-ESR (defined as >= 75th percentile: 37 mm/1st hour) was associated with a higher likelihood of being in the High @entity122 group (odds ratio (OR): 9.455 (1.939 to 46.093), P=0.005, adjusted for baseline clinical and cardiovascular risk factors; and 9.111 (1.875 to 44.275), P=0.006, adjusted for last visit parameters). CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative inflammatory burden, as reflected by ca-ESR, was associated with increased arterial stiffness in @entity5144 @entity1 even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, emphasizing the important role of chronic @entity32 in accelerating the development of @entity65 in @entity5144 @entity1 .

title: Cumulative inflammatory burden is independently associated with increased arterial stiffness in XXXX with @entity5144 : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5144 :: ('MESH:D015535', 'Disease') :: ['PsA', 'psoriatic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risks']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6929 ( @entity6929 ) over-expression disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the @entity63 brain. The retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene suppresses @entity6929 expression in endothelial cells and displays neuroprotective effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that bexarotene may have a beneficial effect on I/R-induced @entity75 . METHODS: A total of 180 @entity35 were randomized into three groups (n = 60 each): (i) a sham-operation group, (ii) a @entity2806 -reperfusion (I/R) group, and (iii) an I/R+bexarotene group. Brain water content was measured by the dry wet weight method. BBB permeability was analyzed by Evans Blue staining and the magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent Omniscan. @entity6929 mRNA expression, protein expression, and activity were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography, respectively. @entity12217 ( @entity12217 ), @entity22677 , and @entity659 expression were analyzed by Western blotting. RESULTS: After 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-I/R, several effects were observed with bexarotene administration: (i) brain water content and BBB permeability were significantly reduced; (ii) @entity6929 mRNA and protein expression as well as activity were significantly decreased; (iii) @entity22677 and @entity659 expression were significantly increased; and (iv) @entity12217 expression was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS: Bexarotene decreases BBB permeability in @entity35 with cerebral I/R injury. This effect may be due in part to bexarotene's upregulation of @entity12217 expression, which has been previously shown to reduce BBB permeability through suppressing @entity6929 -mediated degradation of the tight junction proteins @entity22677 and @entity659 . This work offers insight to aid future development of therapeutic agents for cerebral I/R injury in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: Bexarotene Reduces Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in XXXX -Reperfusion Injured @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['BBB dysfunction']

answer: @entity2806 :: (MESH:D002545,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Ischemia']


abstract: Percutaneous ablation using @entity1543 is an attractive method because of its low morbidity and low number of sessions required to induce @entity39 . Moreover, the real-time fluoroscopy CT scan could improve the technique by improving distribution of the necrotizing agent within the @entity5 . AIM: To determine the feasibility and the long-term results of the @entity1543 percutaneous injection under CT fluoroscopy guidance in a series of cirrhotic @entity1 with @entity157 in a single French center. METHODS: One hundred and two @entity1 with @entity157 were evaluated for treatment between 1999 and 2000. The selection criteria for fluoroscopy CT scan-directed percutaneous @entity1543 ablation were: 1) one to three nodules<5 centimeters; 2) @entity1 -Pugh class<13; 3) prothrombin index > 40% and platelet count > 50000 per mm(3) and 4) contraindication to both resection and liver transplantation. Post treatment follow-up included ultrasonography, magnetic resonance and alphafetoprotein levels every 3 months. Recurrence and survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity1 (48%) could benefit from a curative treatment, most of them (37/49) being eligible for fluoroscopy CT scan-directed percutaneous @entity1543 . The mean follow up was 24.4 +/- 2.7 months. @entity39 was achieved in 28 @entity1 (76%) after a mean of 1.6 sessions. In these 28 @entity1 , the recurrence rates were 34% and 48% and survival rates were 76% and 70%, at 24 and 36 months, respectively. No serious complications occurred during or after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous ablation using @entity1543 using CT fluoroscopy guidance may be considered as a short term efficient, low risk treatment and can be applied even in @entity1 with @entity843 or severe @entity4461 . However, the high rate of recurrence and the early occurrence of multifocal @entity157 underline the limits of this method as well as of all other percutaneous strategies.

title: @entity157 with XXXX percutaneous injection.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['Complete tumor necrosis', 'complete tumor necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['hemostatic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['small hepatocellular carcinoma', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1543 :: ('MESH:D019342', 'Chemical') :: ['acetic acid']

answer: @entity1543 :: (MESH:D019342,Chemical) :: ['acetic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the GnRH neuron. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling is also involved in extra-HPG axis systems, including @entity398 and @entity5463 ( @entity28207 ) secretion. In contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin fibers, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the @entity35 brain are poorly characterized. Using in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence, this study aimed to determine the whole brain map of @entity63489 mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether @entity398 or @entity28207 neurons express @entity63489 . Neurons with strong @entity63489 expression were observed in several rostral brain areas including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the @entity63489 -expressing neurons co-expressed @entity1176 . Moderate levels of @entity63489 mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Relatively weak @entity63489 expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus, and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of @entity63489 was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether @entity398 and @entity28207 neurons in the PVN co-express @entity63489 . Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of @entity63489 in a subset of the @entity398 neurons, but not in the @entity28207 neurons in the PVN. This study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signaling system in the extra-HPG axis as well as in reproductive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mapping of kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the whole XXXX brain and its co-localization with @entity398 in the paraventricular nucleus.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity5463 :: ('MESH:D001127', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine vasopressin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: We have examined whether there is a relationship between the lamellar-hexagonal phase transition temperature, TH, and the initial kinetics of H+- and @entity141 -induced destabilization of @entity3633 (PE) liposomes. The liposomes were composed of @entity23209 , egg @entity3633 (EPE), or @entity3633 prepared from egg @entity2434 by transesterification (TPE). These lipids have well-spaced lamellar-hexagonal phase transition temperatures (approximately 12, approximately 45, and approximately 57 degrees C) in a temperature range that allows us to measure the initial kinetics of bilayer destabilization, both below and above TH. The liposomes were prepared at pH 9.5. The TH of EPE and TPE was measured by using differential scanning calorimetry, and it was found that the TH was essentially the same at low pH or at high pH in the presence of 20 mM @entity141 . At temperatures well below TH, either at pH 4.5 or at pH 9.5 in the presence of @entity141 , the liposomes aggregate, leak, and undergo lipid mixing and mixing of contents. We show that liposome/liposome contact is involved in the destabilization of the PE liposomes. The temperature dependence of leakage, lipid mixing, and mixing of contents shows that there is a massive enhancement in the rate of leakage when the temperature approaches the TH of the particular PE and that lipid mixing appears to be enhanced. However, the fusion (mixing of aqueous contents) is diminished or even abolished at temperatures above TH. At and above the TH, a new mechanism of liposome destabilization arises, evidently dependent upon the ability of the PE molecules to adapt new morphological structures at these temperatures. We propose that this destabilization demarks the first step in the pathway to the eventual formation of the HII phase. Thus, the polymorphism accessible to PE is a powerful agent for membrane destabilization, but additional factors are required for fusion.

title: Destabilization of XXXX liposomes at the hexagonal phase transition temperature.

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity23209 :: ('MESH:C094877', 'Chemical') :: ['dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine']

answer: @entity3633 :: (MESH:C483858,Chemical) :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']


abstract: @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) is an important cause of preventable @entity204 in older @entity1 . Persistently high rupture mortality rates indicate that these deaths can be prevented only by early detection and treatment of @entity1028 . In an effort to develop an effective and efficient program of @entity1028 detection, we selectively screened a high-risk population. @entity1 aged 60 to 75 years with @entity101 and/or @entity453 were randomly selected from a general medicine clinic and screened with physical examination and ultrasound. Eighteen previously unsuspected @entity439 , 3.6 to 5.9 cm in size (mean, 4.4 cm), were detected in 201 @entity1 , for a prevalence of 9% (95% confidence interval: 4.7% to 13.3%). The specificity and positive predictive value of ultrasound were each 100%. Abdominal palpation detected only half of these @entity439 , but missed none in @entity1 with an abdominal girth less than 100 cm (n = 6). This degree of sensitivity did not occur with "routine" examinations and requires that the examination be directed specifically toward @entity1028 detection. We conclude that undiagnosed AAAs are common in this large subgroup of the clinic population, that ultrasound is an excellent screening test for AAAs, and that physical examination may be adequate for screening thin @entity1 . We recommend that every two or three years @entity1 over the age of 50 years undergo careful abdominal palpation aimed at detecting AAAs, as part of the periodic health examination. We further recommend that obese older @entity1 at high risk for @entity1028 have at least one-time screening with abdominal ultrasound, regardless of findings on physical examination.

title: Selective screening for XXXX with physical examination and ultrasound.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Men', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['Abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity10107 ( @entity10107 ) can cause @entity911 in the assessment of ventricular function with scintigraphy even in the absence of @entity1757 and @entity63 . Fragmented QRS (fQRS) is associated with various @entity299 . In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between paradoxical septal motion and fQRS after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records showing scintigraphic images and electrocardiograms (ECG) of the @entity1 who had undergone CABG. The @entity1 were classified based on the evaluation of motion and thickening of the septal wall. The @entity1 with regular thickening of the septal wall and abnormal motion were classified as @entity10107 (+) group. The @entity1 with normal motion and thickening of the septal wall were classified as @entity10107 (-) group. fQRS complexes are defined as various RSR patterns either with or without Q-waves on a 12-lead resting ECG. RESULTS: @entity10107 was found to be more common in fQRS @entity1 (p  <  0.001). @entity10107 was seen in 91.4  % of cases with fQRS and in 79.8  % of cases without fQRS. No significant differences were found in the phase analysis parameters. A correlation was found between septal wall motion values and the presence of fQRS (r  =  0.197, p  =  0.012). CONCLUSION: fQRS was associated with @entity10107 . fQRS may cause @entity10107 in @entity1 with CABG without @entity714 due to a @entity8526 . @entity10107 and fQRS are predictive of cardiac mortality. @entity1 diagnosed with @entity10107 and fQRS, should be monitored closely.

title: Relationship between fragmented QRS and paradoxical septal motion in coronary artery bypass graft XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal damage']

entities_list: @entity10107 :: ('MESH:D064706', 'Disease') :: ['PSM', 'Paradoxical septal motion']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disorders']

entities_list: @entity8526 :: ('MESH:C562490', 'Disease') :: ['conduction defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Macular @entity4 along with @entity63 is responsible for decreased visual acuity in central @entity2994 . Bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) blocks @entity7 ( @entity7 ) induced hyperpermeability of blood vessels. In this prospective case series we investigated the efficacy of anti- @entity7 treatment in reduction of central retinal thickness (CRT) and improvement in visual acuity (VA). 25 @entity1 were followed up for 12 months and treated monthly with intravitreal bevacizumab. VA and CRT were measured at each visit. Treatment was discontinued as the peak improvement of either parameter was reached and reinstituted in case of deterioration/recurrence of @entity4 . Study endpoints included: VA using ETDRS charts, CRT and number of injections at 12 months. Mean VA from all 25 @entity1 increased by 3.1 logMAR lines (p < 0.05 compared to baseline). The improvement of VA after bevacizumab injection was in correlation with a decrease in CRT In subgroup analyses, @entity1 receiving bevacizumab injection within the first 3 months after CRVO showed an average VA gain of 4.2 logMAR lines. Mean of 4.5 injections was needed to control the disease during the follow-up period. Bevacizumab treatment was effective in VA and reducing CRT. It appears from subgroup analysis that initiation of treatment early in the course of disease produced better functional outcome. Several injections were needed to control the disease. Regular OCT examinations and retreatment are advised in order to maintain initially reached VA.

title: Anti- @entity7 in treatment of central XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['macular ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2994 :: ('MESH:D012170', 'Disease') :: ['retinal vein occlusion']

answer: @entity2994 :: (MESH:D012170,Disease) :: ['retinal vein occlusion']


abstract: @entity1603 (BUDR) is a @entity1014 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity2667 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity894 ( @entity894 ) and @entity7322 ( @entity7322 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity5 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity1313 , and observed no immediate @entity137 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity1653 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity11 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity1313 . The @entity7322 obtained in @entity11 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity5 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of XXXX @entity1313 : in vivo study with @entity1603 and flow cytometry.

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['labelling index', 'LI']

entities_list: @entity2667 :: ('MESH:D011419', 'Chemical') :: ['propidium iodide']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'planning tumor']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gliomas']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['TS', 'the DNA synthesis time']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a @entity1 @entity2953 caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium @entity11739 (serovars L1-L3). LGV clinical manifestations range from severe @entity1066 ( @entity10645 ), primarily caused by the epidemic L2b strains, to painful @entity3329 (the typical LGV bubonic form). Besides potential host-related factors, the differential disease severity and tissue tropism among LGV strains is likely a function of the genetic backbone of the strains. We aimed to characterize the genetic variability among LGV strains as strain- or serovar-specific mutations may underlie phenotypic signatures, and to investigate the mutational events that occurred throughout the pathoadaptation of the epidemic L2b lineage. By analyzing 20 previously published genomes from L1, L2, L2b and L3 strains and two new genomes from L2b strains, we detected 1497 variant sites and about 100 indels, affecting 453 genes and 144 intergenic regions, with 34 genes displaying a clear overrepresentation of nonsynonymous mutations. Effectors and/or type III secretion substrates (almost all of those described in the literature) and inclusion membrane proteins showed @entity3689 changes that were about fivefold more frequent than silent changes. More than 120 variant sites occurred in plasmid-regulated virulence genes, and 66% yielded @entity3689 changes. The identified serovar-specific variant sites revealed that the L2b-specific mutations are likely associated with higher fitness and pointed out potential targets for future highly discriminatory diagnostic/typing tests. By evaluating the evolutionary pathway beyond the L2b clonal radiation, we observed that 90.2% of the intra-L2b variant sites occurring in coding regions involve nonsynonymous mutations, where CT456/tarp has been the main target. Considering the progress on @entity11739 genetic manipulation, this study may constitute an important contribution for prioritizing study targets for functional genomics aiming to dissect the impact of the identified intra-LGV polymorphisms on virulence or tropism dissimilarities among LGV strains.

title: Deep comparative genomics among XXXX lymphogranuloma venereum isolates highlights genes potentially involved in pathoadaptation.

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity10645 :: ('MESH:C567938', 'Disease') :: ['anorectal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['sexually transmitted disease']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative proctitis']

entities_list: @entity11739 :: ('813', 'Species') :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis', 'C. trachomatis']

answer: @entity11739 :: (813,Species) :: ['Chlamydia trachomatis']


abstract: We report the international experience in outcomes after related and unrelated hematopoietic transplantation for infantile @entity2525 in 193 @entity1 . Thirty-four percent of transplants used grafts from HLA-matched siblings, 13% from HLA-mismatched relatives, 12% from HLA-matched, and 41% from HLA-mismatched unrelated donors. The median age at transplantation was 12 months. @entity1863 and @entity786 was the most common conditioning regimen. Long-term survival was higher after HLA-matched sibling compared to alternative donor transplantation. There were no differences in survival after HLA-mismatched related, HLA-matched unrelated, or mismatched unrelated donor transplantation. The 5- and 10-year probabilities of survival were 62% and 62% after HLA-matched sibling and 42% and 39% after alternative donor transplantation (P = .01 and P = .002, respectively). Graft failure was the most common cause of @entity204 , accounting for 50% of deaths after HLA-matched sibling and 43% of deaths after alternative donor transplantation. The day-28 incidence of neutrophil recovery was 66% after HLA-matched sibling and 61% after alternative donor transplantation (P = .49). The median age of surviving @entity1 is 7 years. Of evaluable surviving @entity1 , 70% are visually impaired; 10% have impaired hearing and gross motor delay. Nevertheless, 65% reported performance scores of 90 or 100, and in 17%, a score of 80 at last contact. Most survivors >5 years are attending mainstream or specialized schools. Rates of @entity5501 and @entity401 were high at 20%. Though allogeneic transplantation results in long-term survival with acceptable social function, strategies to lower graft failure and hepatic and @entity358 are urgently needed.

title: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5501 :: ('MESH:D006504', 'Disease') :: ['veno-occlusive disease']

entities_list: @entity1863 :: ('MESH:D002066', 'Chemical') :: ['Busulfan']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonitis']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: Neonatal monocytes have diminished function compared with adult cells. The ability to recruit neutrophils through elaboration of chemoattractants has not been evaluated in @entity1 . The pattern of chemoattractant release induced by @entity1892 ( @entity1892 ) also is unknown. Adult and cord blood monocytes were stimulated with @entity1892 . Supernatants were used as the attractant in blind well chambers; migration to neonatal supernatants was diminished. @entity687 ( @entity687 ) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were released in greater quantities by adult monocytes in response to either @entity1892 or lipopolysaccharide. Opsonization of @entity1892 was not required for @entity687 release. Adult monocytes released more LTB4 when stimulated with unopsonized @entity1892 than with opsonized @entity1892 ; the neonate's LTB4 production did not increase. @entity687 and LTB4 accounted for the majority of chemoattractant activity released in response to @entity1892 . Decreased production of LTB4 and @entity687 may contribute to the neonate's poor host response to @entity1892 .

title: Group B streptococci elicit leukotriene B4 and @entity687 from XXXX monocytes: neonates exhibit a diminished response.

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['GBS', 'group B streptococci']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Recent reports suggest a role for @entity750 in the pathogenesis of primary @entity101 and left ventricular (LV) @entity1184 . In this study, we have induced @entity4346 by oral feeding of @entity1955 at increasing dosages (150-450 micrograms/kg b.wt.) over a 5-week period. The effects of @entity1378 on @entity65 , blood and myocardial @entity750 concentrations were assessed. Water-fed @entity35 and formerly @entity1378 recovered animals served as controls. @entity1955 caused a significant @entity4346 : @entity1378 @entity35 2.19 +/- 0.16*; controls 1.65 +/- 0.13 g/kg b.wt. (mean +/- SD; *P less than 0.05). An almost complete regression of @entity4346 occurred in the recovery group (1.66 +/- 0.20 g/kg b.wt.) 3 weeks after cessation of thyroid hormone application. @entity1955 -treated animals showed a significant increase of @entity750 blood levels ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 2108 +/- 781*, recovery: 1132 +/- 726, controls: 705 +/- 480 ng/ml; *P less than 0.05). The concentrations of @entity750 in left ventricular myocardium were increased after thyroid hormone application, whereas the highest levels were found in the recovery group ( @entity1955 @entity35 : 139.1 +/- 30.4, recovery: 167.2 +/- 43.1, controls: 68.9 +/- 27.9 mg/ml homogenate). @entity750 -containing cells in the left ventricular myocardium were stained immunohistochemically. They were localized perivascularly and were assumed to represent tissue mast cells. In experimental @entity1378 the @entity750 levels in blood and heart are increased possibly indicating an interaction of both hormones in @entity1955 -induced @entity296 .

title: Influence of experimental XXXX on blood and myocardial @entity750 in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine', 'Thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['LV hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin', 'Serotonin']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular parameters']

answer: @entity1378 :: (MESH:D006980,Disease) :: ['hyperthyroidism']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. To review disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a local @entity4810 clinic. DESIGN. Case series. SETTING. @entity4810 clinic in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. @entity1 . @entity1 who were seen as new cases in a local @entity4810 clinic between January 2008 and December 2012. INTERVENTION. Infertility assessment and counselling on treatment options. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Disease spectrum and treatment patterns. RESULTS. A total of 387 new @entity1 were assessed in the @entity4810 clinic. The mean age of the @entity1 and their female partners was 37.2 and 32.1 years, respectively. The median duration of @entity249 was 3 years. Among the @entity1 , 36.2% had @entity3893 , 8.0% had @entity12108 , and 48.3% of @entity1 had other @entity854 . The commonest causes of @entity4810 were unknown (idiopathic), clinically significant varicoceles, @entity12108 , @entity20436 after puberty, and erectile or @entity409 . Overall, 66.1% of @entity1 chose assisted reproductive treatment and 12.4% of @entity1 preferred surgical correction of reversible @entity4810 conditions. Altogether 36.7% of @entity1 required either surgical sperm retrieval or correction of @entity4810 conditions. CONCLUSIONS. The present study provided important local data on the disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a @entity4810 clinic. The incidences of @entity3893 and @entity12108 were much higher than those reported in the contemporary literature. A significant proportion of @entity1 required either surgical sperm retrieval or correction of reversible @entity4810 conditions.

title: Disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a local XXXX clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4810 :: ('MESH:D007248', 'Disease') :: ['Male infertility', 'male infertility']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ejaculatory dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['abnormalities in semen parameters']

entities_list: @entity12108 :: ('MESH:C535984', 'Disease') :: ['congenital absence of vas deferens']

entities_list: @entity3893 :: ('MESH:D053713', 'Disease') :: ['azoospermia']

answer: @entity4810 :: (MESH:D007248,Disease) :: ['male infertility']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The successful treatment of @entity3202 tibia non-unions and tibia non-unions with large bone defects or @entity281 is a major challenge in orthopedic and @entity130 surgery. This article evaluates the use of the 'diamond concept' using a one-step or two-step procedure according to 'Masquelet technique' in the treatment of @entity3202 tibia non-unions. METHODS: Between February 2010 and March 2014, 102 @entity1 with @entity3202 were treated according to the 'diamond concept' in our center. Ninety-nine were available for follow-up. Forty-nine received a one-step treatment (Group 1, G1) and 50 @entity1 received a two-step treatment according to the 'Masquelet technique' (Group 2, G2). Clinical and radiological parameters were measured preoperatively as well as 4, 6, and 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In order to evaluate the subjective health of @entity1 , we used the SF-12 questionnaire. Data analysis was performed one year after treatment. RESULTS: The rate of consolidation in G1 was 84% and 80% in G2. The time to heal in G2 was 8.6    2.9 months, which is significantly longer than in G1 being 6.9    3.1 months. In comparison @entity1 in G1/G2 had an average of 3.2/6.7 previous major surgeries. In G1, 4 of 8 @entity1 who did not heal successfully showed positive intraoperative cultures. In G2, 26 @entity1 (52%) initially presented with positive cultures. The results of the SF-12 questionnaire improved in both groups during the postoperative follow-up, but showed no significant differences between groups. In 29 @entity1 a @entity801 -coated nail was used for reosteosynthesis. These @entity1 showed by trend a lower rate of complications at a higher rate of consolidation. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that the 'diamond concept' is a suitable method for safely and effectively treating non-unions with large defects or @entity281 . The use of an antibiotic-coated nail provides a therapeutic benefit. For large bone defects of infected non-unions the two-step procedure after Masquelet is an efficient way to eradicate the @entity281 and treat the @entity79 successfully.

title: Treatment of XXXX tibia non-unions according to 'diamond concept': Results of one- and two-step treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['gentamycin']

entities_list: @entity3202 :: ('MESH:D016109', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic', 'atrophic non-unions']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone defect']

answer: @entity3202 :: (MESH:D016109,Disease) :: ['atrophic']


abstract: Previous investigators have shown evidence of hormonal receptor protein in @entity1 @entity1313 . In spite of conflicting results, antiestrogen agents (e.g., @entity440 ) have been used in clinical trials of recurrent unresectable @entity1653 . In an effort to accrue further comprehensive in vitro data on this subject, we have evaluated 50 @entity1 brain and @entity5 for @entity172 , @entity1420 , and @entity342 receptor markers. Twenty-nine of the 50 @entity5 were @entity1653 . The other 21 included 11 @entity11 of various grades, 5 @entity808 , 3 metastatic @entity189 , 1 @entity18871 , and 1 @entity976 . Only 8 @entity5 , all @entity1653 , were positive for both @entity1420 and @entity342 receptors. The 8th @entity5 was positive for all three receptor proteins. Our study did not find a significant relationship between @entity1653 and the presence of @entity134 receptor protein. We conclude that the use of antiestrogen agents is not indicated in the treatment of @entity1653 . No significant relationship to sex, menopausal status, @entity5 type, or @entity5 location was observed.

title: XXXX receptors in @entity1 brain and spinal cord tumors.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'spinal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity18871 :: ('MESH:D018322', 'Disease') :: ['angiofibroma']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningioma', 'meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity976 :: ('MESH:D003397', 'Disease') :: ['craniopharyngioma']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['Steroid']


abstract: After an infection, cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors proliferate and become effector cells by recognizing foreign peptides in the groove of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Professional APCs specialized for T-cell activation acquire viral antigen either by becoming infected themselves (direct presentation) or by phagocytosis of infected cells, followed by transfer of antigen to the cytosol, processing and MHC class I loading in a process referred to as cross-presentation. An alternative way, referred to as 'cross-dressing', by which an uninfected @entity1412 could present antigen was postulated to be by the transfer of preformed peptide-MHC complexes from the surface of an infected cell to the @entity1412 without the need of further processing. Here we show that this mechanism exists and boosts the antiviral response of @entity19 memory CD8(+) T cells. A number of publications have demonstrated sharing of peptide-loaded MHC molecules in vitro. Our in vitro experiments demonstrate that cross-dressing APCs do not acquire peptide-MHC complexes in the form of exosomes released by donor cells. Rather, the APCs and donor cells have to contact each other for the transfer to occur. After a @entity1800 , we could isolate cross-dressed APCs able to present viral antigen in vitro. Furthermore, using the diphtheria toxin system to selectively eliminate APCs that could only acquire viral peptide-MHC complexes by cross-dressing, we show that such presentation can promote the expansion of resting memory T cells. Notably, naive T cells were excluded from taking part in the response. @entity7586 is a mechanism of antigen presentation used by dendritic cells that may have a significant role in activating previously primed CD8(+) T cells.

title: Cross-dressed dendritic cells drive memory CD8+ T-cell activation after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity7586 :: ('MESH:D063926', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-dressing']

answer: @entity1800 :: (MESH:D014777,Disease) :: ['viral infection']


abstract: @entity796 is a gram-negative bacterium that causes both @entity358 in susceptible @entity1 populations. @entity796 secretes numerous proteins and secondary metabolites, many of which have biological effects that likely contribute to disease pathogenesis. An unidentified small-molecular-weight factor was previously reported to increase IL-8 release both in vitro and in vivo. To identify this factor, we subjected the <3-kDa fraction from @entity796 -conditioned medium to HPLC analysis. A peak fraction that stimulated IL-8 release was found by mass spectrometry to have a molecular mass (MM) of 224 Da. On the basis of this MM and other biochemical properties, we hypothesized that the factor was @entity11097 ( @entity4901 ). Subsequent studies and comparison with purified @entity4901 confirmed this hypothesis. Purified @entity4901 exhibited a number of biological effects in @entity1 airway epithelial cells, including increasing IL-8 release and @entity2071 expression, as well as decreasing @entity5737 and @entity2842 ( @entity2842 ) release. @entity4901 also increased intracellular oxidant formation as measured by electron paramagnetic resonance and by an intracellular oxidant-sensitive probe. Antioxidants inhibited @entity4901 -dependent increases in IL-8 and @entity2071 , suggesting that oxidants contributed to these effects. However, in contrast to the related @entity11098 compound @entity24206 , @entity4901 did not oxidize @entity1110 at physiologically relevant pH, providing preliminary evidence that @entity4901 and @entity24206 may have distinct redox chemistries within the cell. Thus @entity4901 is a biologically active factor secreted by @entity796 that has several activities that could alter the host immune and inflammatory response and thereby contribute to @entity4577 pathogenesis.

title: @entity11097 , a secondary metabolite of @entity796 , alters expression of immunomodulatory proteins by XXXX airway epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa', 'P. aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity24206 :: ('MESH:D011710', 'Chemical') :: ['pyocyanin']

entities_list: @entity11097 :: ('MESH:C037165', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine-1-carboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity11098 :: ('CHEBI:36674', 'Chemical') :: ['phenazine']

entities_list: @entity2842 :: ('6347', 'Gene') :: ['MCP-1', 'monocyte chemoattractant protein-1']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['acute and chronic lung disease']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity1 presented at our hospital with a @entity10 , @entity73 , and @entity221 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity221 , @entity10 , and mild @entity73 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity5422 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity4795 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity1851 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity5 were all negative. Her @entity221 and @entity16 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity1333 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity693 despite articular findings of @entity309 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity479 therapy, her @entity221 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: @entity479 responsive chronic @entity5422 reminiscent of XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline', 'cognitive dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity5422 :: ('MESH:D008590', 'Disease') :: ['meningoencephalitis']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid meningitis']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity693 :: (MESH:D008581,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid meningitis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess contrast material-enhanced ultrasonographic (US) findings seen after high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation of @entity263 and correlate the US findings with post-HIFU biopsy findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was ethics committee approved. Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity1 referred for @entity263 ablation underwent contrast-enhanced prostate US before treatment, @entity2287 -enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and repeat contrast-enhanced US 1-3 days after treatment, and contrast-enhanced US-guided biopsy 30-45 days after treatment. The contrast-enhanced US enhancement patterns of the biopsy sites--assigned a score of S0 for no enhancement, S1 for mild and/or patchy enhancement, or S2 for marked enhancement--were compared with corresponding biopsy findings, which were assigned a score of B0 for @entity39 and/or @entity82 without viable prostate gland tissue, B1 for vascularized tissue without viable gland tissue, or B2 for viable gland tissue (benign or malignant). Then, six additional @entity1 underwent contrast-enhanced prostate US 15-30 minutes and 1 day after HIFU ablation, and the results of these two US examinations were compared. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced US performed on days 1-3 and days 30-45 after HIFU ablation depicted a large devascularized zone with peripheral enhancing areas that were localized anteriorly in all 28 @entity1 , posteriorly in nine, laterally in five, and at the apex in 20 @entity1 . MR findings were concordant. At biopsy, viable gland tissue was found at nine (6.2%) of 146 S0 sites, 10 (34%) of 29 S1 sites, and 44 (60%) of 73 S2 sites. The odds ratios for finding viable tissue (score B1 or B2) at S1 and S2 sites as opposed to S0 sites were 21 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6, 71) and 73 (95% CI: 22, 243), respectively (P < .0001). Contrast-enhanced US performed 15-30 minutes and 1 day after treatment in the six additional @entity1 had similar findings. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced US is a promising tool for distinguishing between ablated (devascularized) and viable (enhancing) tissue immediately after HIFU treatment.

title: XXXX ablation with transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound: assessment of tissue destruction with contrast-enhanced US.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'HIFU prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['Prostate cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Identifying features that differentiate @entity1 with @entity281 from those with other conditions may assist clinical decision making during waves of pandemic @entity683 activity. METHODS: From April 27 to June 15, 2009, nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from all adults presenting to two urban emergency departments (EDs) with illness including @entity221 . @entity281 was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Chart review was performed to compare cases of H1N1 @entity683 (n = 117) to matched controls. RESULTS: The median age of cases was 35 years versus 50 years for controls (p < .001). In those with pre-existing conditions, @entity565 was present in 31% of cases versus 14% of controls (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.4). Cough (OR 7.8, 95% CI 3.2-19), fever (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.4), @entity10 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.2), and @entity925 (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-3.1) were significantly more common in H1N1 cases. The median white blood cell count was 5.7   109/mL versus 10.9   109/mL (p < .001). The combination of fever and cough had an OR of 5.3. Fever, cough, low white blood cell (WBC) count, and @entity591 had the highest OR at 11. The absence of both fever and cough had a negative predictive value of 99%, but this occurred in only 8% of controls. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 presenting to the @entity2613 , the combination of fever, cough, @entity591 , and WBC count < 10   109/mL was suggestive of @entity281 . However, clinical features could not reliably distinguish @entity683 from other acute respiratory illnesses in adult @entity2613 @entity1 .

title: Predictors of pandemic XXXX in adults presenting to two urban emergency departments, Toronto, 2009.

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['H1N1 influenza infection', 'H1N1 infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['myalgias']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['fever or respiratory symptoms']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['influenza infection']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low density lipoprotein @entity165 ( @entity11429 ) is associated with @entity409 , @entity32 and increased vasoconstriction, which are involved in the development of contrast-induced @entity810 (CI-AKI). However, whether @entity11429 is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is unknown. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 3236 consecutive @entity1 undergoing PCI between January 2010 and September 2012. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether @entity11429 is an independent risk factor of CI-AKI. CI-AKI was defined as an absolute increase in serum @entity1011 of >= 0.5  mg/dL or >= 25% over the baseline value within 48-72  h after contrast exposure. RESULTS: CI-AKI was observed in 338 @entity1 (10.4%). @entity1 with CI-AKI had a significantly higher rate of in hospital mortality (4.4% vs. 0.5%, p  <  0.001), and significantly higher rates of other in hospital complications compared with those without CI-AKI. The @entity11429 quartiles were as follows: Q1 (<2.04  mmol/L), Q2 (2.04-2.61  mmol/L), Q3 (2.61-3.21  mmol/L) and Q4 (>3.21  mmol/L). @entity1 with high baseline @entity11429 levels were more likely to develop CI-AKI and composite end points including all-cause mortality, renal replacement therapy, non-fatal @entity583 , @entity712 , target vessel revascularization or cerebrovascular accident during the observation period of hospitalization (8.9%, 9.9%, 10.5%, 12.6%, p  =  0.001, and 5.0%, 5.2%, 6.1%, 8.1%, respectively; p  =  0.007). Univariate logistic analysis showed that @entity11429 levels (increment 1  mmol/L) were significantly associated with CI-AKI (odds ratio  =  1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11-1.39, p  <  0.001). Furthermore, @entity11429 remained a significant risk factor of CI-AKI (odds ratio  =  1.23, 95% CI, 1.04-1.45, p  =  0.014), even after adjusting for potential confounding risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of plasma @entity11429 concentrations in @entity1 undergoing PCI may be helpful to identify those who are at risk of CI-AKI and poor in hospital outcomes.

title: LDL XXXX as a novel risk factor for contrast-induced @entity810 in @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['acute heart failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle @entity1295 prevents repetitive use of paralyzed muscle after @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic @entity1566 . METHODS: Individuals with chronic (n = 11) or acute @entity912 (n = 3) underwent soleus muscle activation with a constant (CT) or doublet (DT) stimulation train before and at various times after a @entity1295 protocol. RESULTS: The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a @entity1295 index (FI) of 19%    6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleus was @entity1295 resistant (FI = 89%    8%). For the chronically paralyzed group, the DT protocol caused less than 5% improvement in peak and mean force relative to the CT protocol before @entity1295 ; however, after @entity1295 the DT protocol caused an increase in peak and mean force (>10%), compared with the CT protocol (P < .05). As the chronically paralyzed muscle developed low-frequency @entity1295 , the DT protocol became more effective than the CT protocol (P < .05). The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before @entity1295 (42%    78%), after @entity1295 (62%    52%), and during recovery (87%    54% to 101%    56%; P < .05). The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after @entity1295 . These findings are applicable to @entity1 using neuromuscular stimulation.

title: Doublet electrical stimulation enhances torque production in XXXX with @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['people']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the use of a modified adult protocol that uses cervical spine imaging on presentation for the assessment of cervical @entity130 in @entity1 improves clinical outcome. METHODS: This is a case series study on all consecutive @entity130 @entity1 presenting from April to July 2000 inclusive to the ED of a major paediatric @entity130 hospital. @entity1 presenting to the ED with potential cervical @entity130 (CSI) were identified using standard selection criteria. @entity1 demographics, mechanism of injury, method and time of presentation, associated injuries, radiological investigation and clinical outcome were recorded. The major outcome measures for this study were: time to clearance of the cervical spine, length of stay in the ED and admission to an in-hospital bed. Data were analysed for compliance to the protocol, this being the standard assessment pathway of cervical spine clearance used by our @entity130 service. RESULTS: The @entity130 registry identified 1721 @entity130 presentations during the 4-month study period; 208 presentations representing 200 @entity1 with potential CSI were entered into the study. Males represented 72.5% of the study population, having a mean age of 8.32 years, although 29% were less than 5 years of age. The majority of presentations (69%) occurred outside of normal working hours. In 17.8% of cases the cervical spine was cleared based on clinical assessment alone, half less than 5 years of age. Compliance to the protocol occurred in 78% of presentations. However, when examined by age group, @entity1 5 years of age or above were 1.5 times more likely to comply with the protocol as compared with younger @entity1 . Adequate plain imaging was not obtained in 18% of presentations, this group almost exclusively less than 5 years of age. There were no missed injuries and no short or long-term neurological sequelae reported during this study. There were no differences in time to clearance, length of stay and admission rate between compliant and non-compliant groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modified adult protocols for cervical spine clearance offer guidance in managing the majority of @entity1 suffering blunt @entity130 . However, we recommend caution in rigidly applying such protocols, especially to @entity1 of young age.

title: The usefulness of a modified adult protocol for the clearance of XXXX in the emergency department.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['paediatric cervical spine injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Percutaneous closure of secundum @entity118 ( @entity118 ) has become an important alternative treatment to surgery. We evaluated our clinical experience with, and short-term results of transcatheter closure of ASDs with the Amplatzer septal occluder in adult @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 52 @entity1 (36 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ; mean age 33  14 years; range 14 to 69 years) who underwent transcatheter @entity118 closure with the Amplatzer occluder device. The mean @entity118 diameter measured by transesophageal echocardiography was 19.5  5.7 mm and the mean device diameter was 24.5  5.7 mm. All the @entity1 were assessed clinically and echocardiographically one month after the procedure. RESULTS: Transcatheter @entity118 closure was successfully performed in 48 @entity1 (92.3%) and failed in four @entity1 (7.7%). Echocardiographic controls showed significant decreases in @entity997 , @entity1001 , and pulmonary artery pressure (p=0.003, p=0.026, and p=0.0001, respectively). Functional capacity of the @entity1 also showed significant improvements (p=0.0001). After implantation, residual shunts were detected in four @entity1 , all of which disappeared one month after the procedure. Major complications were seen in two @entity1 . One @entity1 developed @entity2224 immediately after the procedure due to device embolization. One @entity1 with @entity1002 developed device @entity715 due to cessation of dual antiplatelet therapy, which was successfully treated by anticoagulation therapy. @entity943 was not observed in any @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of secundum ASDs with the Amplatzer occluder device is a safe and effective procedure with a high success rate.

title: [Closure of secundum XXXX by the Amplatzer occluder device].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity997 :: ('MESH:D014262', 'Disease') :: ['tricuspid regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1001 :: ('MESH:C566255', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular dilatation']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defects', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['Arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity118 :: (MESH:D006344,Disease) :: ['atrial septal defects']


abstract: There are few publications on prevalence of @entity272 in Lebanon. OBJECTIVES: To find the prevalence of @entity66 among students seen at the university health services of the American University of Beirut. @entity1 _ METHODS: Medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. Chi-square tests were used to assess any significant difference between male and female prevalence amongst all types of @entity272 met; p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 2903 visits were reviewed, ages ranged from 16 to 33 years old, of whom 1688 were females (58.15%) and 1215 were males (41.85%). @entity5477 was the most prevalent, followed by hair problems and contact @entity1909 . @entity5477 and hair problems were significantly higher among females, and @entity4891 among males (p < 0.001 in all). CONCLUSIONS: Dermatologists must be aware of the psychological effects of @entity272 on their @entity1 . Acne, hair problems, and contact @entity1909 are the most common diseases seen. @entity1 seem to be more concerned about diseases that affect their image in society.

title: Common XXXX among students at a tertiary care center in Lebanon.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5477 :: ('MESH:D000152', 'Disease') :: ['Acne vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['dermatologic diseases']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin diseases']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['dermatologic diseases']


abstract: @entity1 with ST-segment elevation acute @entity583 require immediate reperfusion therapy. Reperfusion therapy can be provided by either pharmacologic or mechanical means. Pharmacologic reperfusion therapy consists of administering fibrinolytics, whereas mechanical reperfusion consists of performing percutaneous intervention, usually with stent placement. Each approach has been shown to decrease mortality, but each has disadvantages in establishing flow in the @entity1188 . Regardless of the approach, during an acute @entity583 , activation and externalization of glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa receptors occur on the surface of platelets. The @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitors block the binding of fibrinogen to these platelet receptors. These inhibitors have been investigated in combination with both reperfusion strategies. The goal of adding @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitor therapy to either reperfusion approach is to obtain better early, complete, and sustained reperfusion. Subsequently, this should lead to better clinical outcomes for @entity1 with ST-segment elevation acute @entity583 . Although no mortality benefit has been seen with the addition of @entity1427 -IIIa inhibitor therapy, @entity63 have been reduced significantly.

title: Administration of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitors in XXXX with ST-segment elevation @entity583 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic complications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct-related artery']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity3231 , an innate immunity molecule, is encoded by two genes @entity3231 and @entity11028 . The 5' untranslated splice variant of @entity11028 (ABD), but not of @entity3231 (AD), contains exon B (eB). eB is an enhancer for transcription and translation, and contains cis regulatory elements. Specific trans-acting factors, including 14-3-3, bind eB. The 14-3-3 protein family contains 7 isoforms that were found by mass spectrometry to be present in eB electromobility shift assays (REMSA) (AJPLC MP 304:L722, 2013). We investigated whether 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly to eB using four different approaches. i) eB RNA pull down assays showed that 14-3-3 isoforms bind specifically eB. ii) REMSA complexes were formed using purified 14-3-3 isoforms (b, y,   ,   ,   ,   ) with wild type eB RNA, but not with isoform   . Both iii) RNA affinity chromatography assays and vi) Surface Plasmon Resonance analysis showed that 14-3-3 isoforms b, y,   ,   ,   , and   , but not   , bind specifically and directly eB. Inibition of 14-3-3 isoforms y,   ,   , and   /   with shRNAs in @entity1 cells resulted in downregulation of @entity11028 levels, leaving the @entity3231 levels unaffected. However, inhibition of 14-3-3    isoform was correlated with lower levels of both @entity3231 and @entity11028 . Inhibition of 14-3-3   /   isoform that does not bind eB had no effect on the expression levels of @entity3231 and @entity11028 . In conclusion the 14-3-3 protein family affects differential regulation of @entity3231 and @entity11028 by binding directly to @entity11028 5'UTR mRNA.

title: 14-3-3 isoforms bind directly Exon B of the 5'UTR of @entity1 XXXX mRNA.

entities_list: @entity3231 :: ('653509', 'Gene') :: ['SP-A1', 'SFTPA1', 'surfactant protein A']

answer: @entity11028 :: (729238,Gene) :: ['surfactant Protein A2']