abstract: @entity6104 was found in three @entity1 who presented with @entity299 . In two @entity1 , @entity6104 had been present for more than 30 years and had been previously unrecognized. These @entity1 included a 67 year old @entity1 with complete @entity616 of 13 years' duration, and his son, who had @entity714 and chronic generalized @entity296 . A chart review of 19 other @entity1 with @entity6104 who were seen at this institution disclosed five @entity1 with @entity616 . Transient first-degree @entity616 was the most common disturbance detected and was usually associated with active @entity6104 . Some @entity616 appeared after a long latent period at a time when other manifestations of @entity6104 were inactive. An association with this disorder was therefore not obvious. In all five @entity1 with @entity6104 and conduction disturbances, testing for @entity4788 antigen gave positive results. Both clinical and histopathologic changes in the heart in @entity6104 are analogous to those in @entity1691 , also associated with @entity4788 antigen. We suggest that the heart, like the joints and iris, may be a target organ for @entity4788 -associated disease by a mechanism that remains to be defined.

title: XXXX in @entity6104 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man', 'men']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity6104 :: ('MESH:D016918', 'Disease') :: ["Reiter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1691 :: ('MESH:D013167', 'Disease') :: ['ankylosing spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac conduction disturbances']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block', 'conduction abnormalities']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac conduction abnormalities']


abstract: The World Health Organization's recommendation for dietary intake of essential @entity1718 is 3% of energy (en%) of @entity4722 . Evidence from @entity35 studies suggests that more than 3 en% is desirable for the regulation of eicosanoid metabolism. With such a low level of available @entity4722 , @entity1 tend to synthesize more @entity2918 than they do with 6% or more energy from @entity4722 . High rates of @entity7322 probably are deleterious, so that the lower rate commensurate with 6-12 en% of @entity4722 probably is desirable. The amount of @entity4722 needed for normal function is influenced by the dietary content of other @entity1718 , particularly saturated fats and those of the n-3 family. @entity270 is necessary for normal metabolism of @entity1474 . In a diet providing sufficient available total energy with 30% as fat, the lower range of @entity4722 (6-8 en%) probably is sufficient if the @entity10194 content is 10% or less. With a greater proportion of @entity1718 , more @entity4722 is needed to maintain a polyunsaturated to @entity10194 ratio of 0.7 to 1.0. Some n-3 @entity1718 probably are required, and more than a minimal amount may be beneficial. Current recommendations are for 0.5-1.0 en% in a diet containing 5-6 en% of @entity4722 .

title: Essential @entity1718 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['Vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

entities_list: @entity1474 :: ('MESH:D005231', 'Chemical') :: ['polyunsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity7322 :: ('MESH:C536766', 'Disease') :: ['prostanoid synthesis']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleate']

answer: @entity2918 :: (MESH:D011453,Chemical) :: ['prostaglandins']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This research evaluated a multivariate approach as an alternative tool for the purpose of selection regarding expected progeny differences (EPDs). Data were fitted using a multi-trait model and consisted of growth traits (birth weight and weights at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age) and carcass traits ( @entity66554 (LMA), back-fat thickness (BF), and @entity1386 ( @entity1386 )), registered over 21 years in extensive breeding systems of Polled Nellore @entity291 in Brazil. Multivariate analyses were performed using standardized (zero mean and unit variance) EPDs. The k mean method revealed that the best fit of data occurred using three clusters (k = 3) (P < 0.001). Estimates of genetic correlation among growth and carcass traits and the estimates of heritability were moderate to high, suggesting that a correlated response approach is suitable for practical decision making. Estimates of correlation between selection indices and the multivariate index (LD1) were moderate to high, ranging from 0.48 to 0.97. This reveals that both types of indices give similar results and that the multivariate approach is reliable for the purpose of selection. The alternative tool seems very handy when economic weights are not available or in cases where more rapid identification of the best animals is desired. Interestingly, multivariate analysis allowed forecasting information based on the relationships among breeding values (EPDs). Also, it enabled fine discrimination, rapid data summarization after genetic evaluation, and permitted accounting for maternal ability and the genetic direct potential of the animals. In addition, we recommend the use of @entity66554 and subcutaneous fat thickness as selection criteria, to allow estimation of breeding values before the first mating season in order to accelerate the response to individual selection.

title: Selection Indices and Multivariate Analysis Show Similar Results in the Evaluation of Growth and Carcass Traits in Beef XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66554 :: ('100885252', 'Gene') :: ['longissimus muscle area']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['RF', 'rump fat thickness']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['Cattle']


abstract: OBJECT: The coexistence of @entity602 ( @entity602 ) and @entity9960 ( @entity9960 ) can be misdiagnosed or ignored and can cause spinal cord tethering. The authors investigated cases involving the coexistence of @entity602 and @entity9960 in @entity1 from the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center in Tehran. METHODS: Of the 330 @entity1 with @entity9960 who underwent operations at the @entity1 's Hospital Medical Center between January 2001 and June 2005, 33 (10%) had an associated SCM. These 33 cases were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 (55%) were female, and the mean age of the @entity1 at presentation was 2.9 months. In 17 of the 33 @entity1 , the SCM occurred at the level of the neural placode. A Type I SCM was found in 26 @entity1 . Two @entity1 had @entity12737 . Eight @entity1 had unilateral leg paresis. The MMC sac was located in the lumbar region in 14 cases. Two @entity1 had double spinal dysraphism with meningoceles at the thoracic level. All @entity1 underwent simultaneous repair of both lesions at the time of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity9960 , especially those with unusual manifestations such as @entity9598 or @entity272 , should undergo a preoperative clinical examination to check for the presence of an SCM. Use of spinal magnetic resonance imaging can help in identifying the associated abnormalities. The neural placode and the rostral and caudal spinal cord segments should be carefully inspected for @entity75 such as @entity602 during the operation to repair the MMC. In this paper, the authors hope to show the wisdom of identifying these anomalies at the time of the initial repair of the MMC.

title: @entity602 associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity9598 :: ('MESH:C535349', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral paresis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['dysraphic lesions']

entities_list: @entity12737 :: ('MESH:D006983', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrichosis']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['split cord malformations', 'SCMs']

entities_list: @entity9960 :: ('MESH:D008591', 'Disease') :: ['MMCs', 'myelomeningoceles']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

answer: @entity9960 :: (MESH:D008591,Disease) :: ['myelomeningocele']


abstract: Dysfunctional maturation of neural networks, particularly hippocampus-prefrontal networks, may be of particular interest in determining the pathophysiology of @entity161 . @entity12781 ( @entity212 )-induced symptoms in @entity1 appear to offer a more complete model of @entity161 than do @entity4944 -induced symptoms. This study investigated the effects of intermittent i.p. injections of @entity212 (7.5 mg/kg) on cell proliferation and survival of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the @entity35 brain using quantitative immunohistochemical techniques for @entity1603 ( @entity1603 )-positive cells. After repeated @entity212 injection for 14 days, mean scores for stereotyped behavior increased with the number of injections, while scores for @entity2055 and backpedaling as serotonergic behaviors gradually decreased. The number of @entity1603 -positive cells decreased by 23% in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus by 24 h after repeated injections. However, decreased levels of @entity1603 -positive cells returned to control levels within 1 week. Differentiation of newly formed cells was not influenced. Repeated @entity212 administration after @entity1603 injection did not exert any effects on survival of newly generated cells. These findings suggest that transient disturbances of cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus occur under @entity212 -related @entity146 . Whether disturbed cell proliferation would thus be closely implicated in the development of behavioral sensitization induced by @entity212 administration is unclear, but this would possibly result from adaptation to new pharmacological conditions under behavioral sensitization or stressful conditions of @entity212 -related abnormal behaviors. Further studies are required to elucidate the biological significance of hippocampal neurogenesis in the mechanisms underlying the development of @entity73 and the @entity716 of @entity161 .

title: Effects of repeated XXXX administration on adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['BrdU', "5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine"]

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity12781 :: ('MESH:D010622', 'Chemical') :: ['Phencyclidine']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

entities_list: @entity4944 :: ('MESH:D000661', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamine']

answer: @entity12781 :: (MESH:D010622,Chemical) :: ['phencyclidine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The comparatively high acquisition costs of the newer antipsychotic medications have caused the mental health community to look closely at their potential benefits. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to perform a naturalistic analysis of changes in mental health service utilization, economic costs, and clinical outcomes after the initiation of @entity1037 therapy for @entity716 in an indigent @entity1 population from a large county-operated mental health care system. METHODS: This was a prospective, uncontrolled investigation using a mirror-image cohort design. All captured costs from @entity1 who began @entity1037 therapy between November 1, 1996, and April 30, 1998, were analyzed in an intent-to-treat fashion to compare resource utilization in the 12 months immediately before and after the intervention. Clinical function was assessed at baseline and 6 months using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). In a subgroup analysis, the baseline characteristics of @entity1 who completed 12 months of @entity1037 treatment were compared with those of @entity1 who (1) changed medication or (2) changed pay or source or were lost to follow-up. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-nine @entity1 were started on @entity1037 treatment during the 18-month study entry phase. @entity1 were primarily male (63.5%) and had a mean age of 35.9 years. Most (66.3%) had a formal diagnosis of thought disorder. Fifty-six @entity1 received @entity1037 for 12 consecutive months, and 22 were switched to other psychotropic medications. Of the remaining 111 @entity1 , 70 changed payors (ie, qualified for Medicaid), and 41 were lost to follow-up. In the subgroup analysis, @entity1 who completed 12 months of treatment (ie, responders) had significantly lower mean PANSS total scores at baseline compared with those who changed payors or were lost to follow-up (P = 0.047), and were significantly more likely to have a formal diagnosis of thought disorder (P = 0.039). Responders demonstrated a significant reduction in PANSS total and negative subscale scores at 6-month follow-up (both measures, P < 0.001). In the intent-to-treat analysis of resource utilization in all @entity1 with complete data sets (n = 78), hospitalization costs and crisis costs decreased significantly during the 12-month follow-up period (P = 0.003 and P = 0.009, respectively), and both outpatient and medication costs increased significantly (P = 0.035 and P < 0.001, respectively). Overall, the change in total annual resource utilization during the 12 months after initiation of @entity1037 was not statistically significant (mean decrease per @entity1 ,  1,991; 95% CI, - 5,258 to  1,122). CONCLUSIONS: Initiation of @entity1037 therapy was associated with favorable clinical outcomes in this population, particularly in @entity1 with a formal diagnosis of thought disorder. Overall, there was a cost shift away from hospital and crisis costs toward medication and outpatient services costs. The decline in total resource utilization was not statistically significant, although it may be of practical importance.

title: Clinical and economic outcomes associated with XXXX for the treatment of @entity716 in a county mental health population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic symptoms']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['olanzapine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 68-year-old female @entity1 was admitted in our clinic with severe frontal @entity10 , @entity1296 , @entity308 and @entity73 in the context of a previously diagnosed @entity2012 . She also had @entity101 , @entity2299 , @entity6 . @entity2012 was caused by a @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secreting-pituitary macroadenoma, so a transsphenoidal surgery was performed. The postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan revealed a 20  22  25 mm pituitary mass remnant and medical therapy with @entity1943 analogues (SSAs) was started. After nine months of treatment with SSAs, she continued having severe @entity10 , the blood pressure was well controlled, but @entity2124 secretion was only partially controlled with @entity442 ( @entity442 ) level still above the normal value. The MRI scan showed the same @entity977 remnant with supra- and parasellar right extension and also multiple fronto-temporo-parietal @entity75 that could suggest in the clinical context cerebral @entity74 with @entity1188 and @entity62 (CADASIL). According to a pregenetic screening tool, the Pescini Scale, the @entity1 had a 19 points score, which is highly suggestive for CADASIL, an @entity74 due to mutations of the @entity7363 gene at the chromosome locus 19p13. In the absence of genetic testing, an alternate way to prove small vessels disease, the skin biopsy, was performed. Electron microscopy showed granular osmiophilic material (GOM) surrounding the vascular smooth muscle cells on that are pathognomonic for the disease. Our report underscores the importance of repeated investigations even in @entity1 with apparently obvious explanations of their condition since they may have @entity66 with the same presenting clinical signs.

title: Cerebral arteriopathy with @entity1188 and @entity62 in acromegalic XXXX with severe @entity10 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['secondary diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical lesions']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['multiple diseases']

entities_list: @entity442 :: ('3479', 'Gene') :: ['IGF-1', 'insulin-like growth factor-1']

entities_list: @entity2012 :: ('MESH:D000172', 'Disease') :: ['acromegaly', 'Acromegaly']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical infarcts']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant arteriopathy', 'inherited cerebrovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity1296 :: ('MESH:D004244', 'Disease') :: ['dizziness']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['leukoencephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['bilateral headache', 'headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: Corneal transplantations may survive when transplanted orthotopically even in the presence of massive @entity7499 , while such grafts would be rejected in heterotopic locations. Experiments with @entity19 tissues have shown that cultured corneal tissue as well as iris/ciliary body (I/CB) tissue produce immunosuppressive factors. This was not the case when traumatized corneas were tested. We therefore wondered whether the same difference could be observed when explants of normal or pathological @entity1 corneas or I/CB tissues were tested. Supernatant of cultured @entity267 and I/CB tissue was added to a mixed lymphocyte reaction (BALB/c responder and C57B1/6 stimulator cells) and @entity1014 incorporation was measured. Culture supernatants from normal corneas and corneas with @entity2372 achieved similar levels of MLR inhibition, which could not be blocked by addition of anti-transforming-growth factor-beta 2 antibody or @entity3352 . The supernatant from cultured I/CB cells from normal eyes and from eyes containing a posterior segment @entity320 did not differ in their immunosuppressive effect. The MLR inhibitory effect of supernatant from I/CB cells was partly blocked by addition of @entity3352 . We conclude that MLR inhibiting factors are produced by normal and pathological corneas and by I/CB cells, but the supernatants from these tissues achieve their effect by different means. It is likely that the ability of @entity267 and I/CB tissues to produce immunosuppressive factors contributes to the success of orthotopic corneal transplants in @entity1 .

title: Immunosuppressive properties of cultured @entity1 XXXX and ciliary body in normal and pathological conditions.

entities_list: @entity7499 :: ('MESH:D016510', 'Disease') :: ['corneal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['bullous keratopathy']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity267 :: (MESH:D065306,Disease) :: ['cornea']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to learn whether @entity227 , which produces @entity1714 in the deprived eye, alters the scleral extracellular matrix in tree shrew, a @entity1 closely related to primates. @entity1714 was induced in 10 tree shrews by monocular @entity1949 imposed with a translucent diffuser. The other eye in each animal was an untreated control. After 21 days of @entity1949 the refractive state and axial component dimensions were measured and the eyes were assayed for levels of DNA, @entity720 , and @entity73185 (GAGs) in samples of the sclera and the @entity267 . In comparison to the open control eye, the deprived eyes became myopic and elongated. In the sclera, DNA levels were not significantly changed from the control eye. Sulfated GAG levels were significantly lower in the deprived eyes, as compared to the control eyes, at the posterior pole (-15.6%), at the nasal equatorial region (-18.1%), and in the rest of the sclera (-11.6%). The @entity720 level was significantly lower only at the posterior pole (-11.8%). Levels of sulfated GAGs were significantly reduced relative to DNA and relative to @entity720 in the total sclera. No significant changes were found in the @entity267 . The lower level of sulfated GAGs throughout the sclera of the deprived eyes, as compared with the control eyes, suggests that the deprived sclera contained less proteoglycan, or that the proteoglycans were less glycosylated or less sulfated. In contrast, the regional reduction of @entity720 suggests that collagen accumulation was specifically reduced only at the posterior pole of deprived eyes. These results suggest that form @entity1949 slows or reverses the normal process of extracellular matrix accumulation in the sclera of this @entity1 . This may allow the sclera to be more distensible, permitting the vitreous chamber elongation and resultant @entity1714 .

title: Reduced extracellular matrix in @entity1 sclera with induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual form deprivation']

entities_list: @entity1949 :: ('MESH:D012892', 'Disease') :: ['deprivation']

entities_list: @entity73185 :: ('CHEBI:35722', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfated glycosaminoglycans']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['Axial myopia', 'myopia']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: The role of ACTH, @entity1928 and @entity7410 on the regulation of mRNA abundance, protein levels and enzymatic activity of cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase (P450c21, CYP21) were investigated in @entity840 adrenal cell cultures. In untreated cells, 21-hydroxylase activity was diminished throughout a 48 h period of incubation. Although incubation with @entity1928 and @entity7410 restored 21-hydroxylase activity to normal levels, the addition of ACTH did not prevent the decrease of 21-hydroxylase activity. Treatment of cells with @entity3927 for 24 h inhibited 21-hydroxylase activity by 93%; however, after removal of the drug a slight increase of enzyme activity was observed; this rise was enhanced by the addition of ACTH. @entity1928 and @entity7410 increased the levels of 21-hydroxylase activity to the same range as seen in untreated cells. In cells that were not pretreated with @entity3927 , incubation with @entity1880 for 1 h had no effect on 21-hydroxylase activity and could not prevent the modest increase of 21-hydroxylase activity induced by @entity1928 or @entity7410 after 48 h of incubation. In @entity3927 -treated cells, @entity1880 blocks the stimulation of enzyme activity induced by ACTH, @entity1928 and @entity7410 . Our findings indicate that 21-hydroxylase activity can be stimulated by ACTH, @entity1928 or @entity7410 solely in the presence of reduced enzymatic activity. Western immunoblot analysis of P450c21 protein levels in untreated or @entity3927 -treated adrenal cells indicate that P450c21 protein levels were in the same range and further incubation with ACTH caused a similar elevation of P450c21 protein levels in both the untreated and @entity3927 -treated cells. Northern blot analysis on RNA isolated from adrenal cells showed that @entity3927 did not alter the basal steady state levels of P450c21 mRNA. As well, incubation with ACTH or @entity7410 increased the levels of P450c21 transcript to the same extent in both untreated and @entity3927 -treated cells. These results taken together provide additional evidence for the presence of an adrenal specific protein factor(s) modulating 21-hydroxylase activity.

title: Regulation of XXXX adrenal P450c21 messenger RNA, protein and activity by @entity3927 .

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate the impact of circadian patterns in the onset of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) on the practice of primary angioplasty. BACKGROUND: A circadian variation in the time of onset of @entity583 with a peak in the morning hours has been described. METHODS: We studied 1,702 consecutive @entity1 with acute ST-segment elevation @entity583 treated with primary angioplasty. We observed circadian variation in frequency of symptom onset, hospital admission, and @entity661 . Circadian patterns of symptom onset, hospital admission, and balloon inflation are similar. RESULTS: A majority of @entity1 have symptom onset (53%), hospital admission (53%), and @entity661 (52%) during routine duty hours (0800 to 1800 h). There were no differences in baseline clinical characteristics or treatment delays between routine duty hours and off-hours @entity1 . Hospital admission between 0800 and 1800 was associated with an angioplasty failure rate of 3.8%, compared with 6.9% between 1800 and 0800, p < 0.01. Thirty-day mortality was 1.9% in @entity1 with hospital admission between 0800 and 1800, compared with 4.2% in @entity1 with hospital admission between 1800 and 0800, p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Circadian variations may have a profound effect on the practice of primary angioplasty. A majority of @entity1 are treated during routine duty hours. @entity1 treated during off-hours have a higher incidence of failed angioplasty and consequently a worse clinical outcome than @entity1 treated during routine duty hours.

title: Outcome of primary angioplasty for XXXX during routine duty hours versus during off-hours.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'myocardial infarction', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['first balloon inflation']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: @entity16614 residues are hydroxylated by reactive @entity26 species at the C-8 position to form @entity7599 ( @entity24580 ), one of the most important mutagenic lesions in DNA. Though the spontaneous G:C to C:G transversions are rare events, the pathways leading to this mutation are not established. An @entity24580 :G mispair, if not corrected by DNA repair enzymes, could lead to G:C to C:G transversions. NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations are used to refine the solution structure of the base mismatch formed by the @entity24580 :G pair on a self complementary DNA dodecamer duplex d(CGCGAATT(8-O)GGCG)(2). The results reveal that the @entity24580 base is inserted into the helix and forms Hoogsteen base-pairing with the G on the opposite strand. The @entity24580 :G base-pairs are seen to be stabilized by two @entity3884 bonding interactions, one between the H7 of the @entity24580 and the O6 of the G, and a three-center @entity3884 bonding between the O8 of the @entity24580 and the imino and @entity1472 protons of the G. The @entity24580 :G base-pairs are very well stacked between the Watson-Crick base-paired flanking bases. Both strands of the DNA duplex adopt right-handed conformations. All of the unmodified bases, including the G at the lesion site, adopt anti glycosidic torsion angles and form Watson-Crick base-pairs. At the lesion site, the @entity24580 residues adopt syn conformations. The structural studies demonstrate that @entity24580 (syn):G(anti) forms a stable pair in the interior of the duplex, providing a basis for the in vivo incorporation of G opposite @entity24580 . Calculated helical parameters and backbone torsional angles, and the observed 31P chemical shifts, indicate that the structure of the duplex is perturbed near lesion sites, with the local unwinding of the double helix. The melting temperature of the @entity24580 :G containing duplex is only 2.6 deg. C less than the t(m) of the unmodified duplex.

title: Solution structure of a DNA duplex containing @entity7599 opposite XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7599 :: ('MESH:C040791', 'Chemical') :: ["8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine"]

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity16614 :: ('MESH:D003849', 'Chemical') :: ['Deoxyguanosine']

answer: @entity16614 :: (MESH:D003849,Chemical) :: ['deoxyguanosine']


abstract: @entity981 and @entity1893 constitute 42% to 45% of the @entity5 in @entity1 , @entity1 , and adolescents: In 1985, an estimated 2025 @entity1 were newly diagnosed with these two @entity5 and 900 (43%) of the @entity5 deaths in the United States have been projected to be due to these diseases. The single most important obstacle to preventing these deaths is relapse, and prevention of relapse or salvage of the @entity1 who has had a relapse continues to be a major therapeutic challenge. The most important initial step in the treatment of the @entity1 whose disease has relapsed is to determine, to the extent possible, the prognosis. In a @entity1 with @entity1893 , a relapse confers an extremely poor prognosis, regardless of site of relapse, @entity5 histology, or other original prognostic factors, prior therapy, or time to relapse. In the @entity1 with @entity981 in relapse, the prognosis depends on multiple factors. The primary therapy is chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy with marrow grafting. Other options exist, including no therapy, or investigational therapy. The therapy selected should be predicated on the prognosis. In the @entity1 with an isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse off therapy, minimum therapy should be administered, particularly if the relapse occurred without prior cranial irradiation. In the @entity1 whose relapse is more than 6 months off therapy, conventional therapy should be considered. Also, a @entity1 with an isolated CNS relapse on therapy after prior cranial irradiation should be given moderate therapy. Bone marrow transplantation or high-dose chemoradiotherapy with autologous marrow rescue should be reserved in @entity1 with a second or subsequent extramedullary relapse, and possibly for those with a first isolated overt testicular relapse on therapy.

title: Prognosis and treatment after relapse of XXXX and @entity1893 : 1985. A report from the Childrens Cancer Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma"]

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient', 'infants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['Acute lymphoblastic leukemia', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['pediatric cancer', 'tumor', 'cancers']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukemia']


abstract: We use asexual development of @entity1980 as a model system with which to determine the causes of cell differentiation. Air exposure of a mycelial mat induces @entity1104 , and adherent hyphae grow aerial hyphae that, in turn, form conidia. Previous work indicated the development of a hyperoxidant state at the start of these morphogenetic transitions and a large increase in catalase activity during conidiation. Catalase 3 (CAT-3) increases at the end of exponential growth and is induced by different stress conditions. Here we analyzed the effects of cat-3-null strains on growth and asexual development. The lack of CAT-3 was not compensated by other catalases, even under oxidative stress conditions, and cat-3(RIP) colonies were sensitive to @entity274 , indicating that wild-type (Wt) resistance to external @entity274 was due to CAT-3. cat-3(RIP) colonies grown in the dark produced high levels of @entity20072 as a consequence of oxidative stress. Light exacerbated oxidative stress and further increased carotene synthesis. In the cat-3(RIP) mutant strain, increased aeration in liquid cultures led to increased @entity1104 and protein oxidation. Compared to the Wt, the cat-3(RIP) mutant strain produced six times more aerial hyphae and conidia in air-exposed mycelial mats, as a result of longer and more densely packed aerial hyphae. Protein oxidation in colonies was threefold higher and showed more aerial hyphae and conidia in mutant strains than did the Wt. Results indicate that oxidative stress due to lack of CAT-3 induces carotene synthesis, @entity1104 , and more aerial hyphae and conidia.

title: Asexual development is increased in XXXX cat-3-null mutant strains.

entities_list: @entity1980 :: ('5141', 'Species') :: ['Neurospora crassa']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['hyphal adhesion']

entities_list: @entity20072 :: ('MESH:D002338', 'Chemical') :: ['carotenes']

answer: @entity1980 :: (5141,Species) :: ['Neurospora crassa']


abstract: AIM: To detect and verify the existence of a specific form of T-cell @entity5 accompanied by @entity75 of bone marrow and @entity2150 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four @entity1 with @entity2150 were examined using clinical, histological, cytological, cytogenetic, and immunophenotypic methods. RESULTS: Four cases of @entity5 of bone marrow with clinical and morphological manifestations of @entity2150 and scanty proliferation activity in bone marrow alone were diagnosed. The proliferation activity in bone marrow was observed as formation of small clusters composed of small-size lymphoid cells with dense nucleus. Dynamic monitoring of two @entity1 revealed a trend toward an increase in the lymphoproliferation base against the remaining clinical picture of @entity2150 . The T-cell immunophenotype characterized by disappearance of some markers or decrease in their density, was observed only in some blood and bone marrow lymphocytes. The most significant changes of immunophenotype were observed in one of the @entity1 (CD2+CD3-CD4-CD5-CD7-CD8-CD16-CD56-CD45RO++). The same @entity1 had pronounced cytogenetic changes (47XY+Y[8], 47, XY, del(1)( @entity6585 ) [23], 46 XY [3]) and resistance to routine therapy, including @entity205 . In one @entity1 the process transformed into @entity1893 . CONCLUSION: The results obtained in four @entity1 allow their clinicomorphological characteristics to be regarded as particular forms of @entity5 accompanied by @entity236 and @entity2150 .

title: [ @entity5 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'T-cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['isolated lesions']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic syndrome', 'aplastic syndromes']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['lymphosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow damage']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic syndromes']


abstract: Does 2 mm of ST @entity308 induced by exercise have the same clinical significance in a @entity1 with a 30-mm R wave as a @entity1 with a 10-mm R wave in the same monitored lead? To answer this question the exercise responses of 85 @entity1 were compared by 2 quantitative methods of assessing @entity741 . A computer-derived treadmill exercise score, based largely on the characteristics of exercise-induced @entity308 , was compared with a thallium exercise score. Both scores correlated well over a wide range of values (r = 0.71, p less than 0.001). Then, the treadmill exercise score was corrected (by adjusting the magnitude of the ST @entity308 to a standardized R-wave amplitude of 12 mm in V5 and 8 mm in aVF) to determine if this would improve its correlation with the @entity4214 exercise score. The @entity1 were separated into 2 groups by R-wave amplitude: 53 had an RV5 of 9 to 17 mm and 32 had an RV5 less than 9 or greater than 17 mm. Correction of the treadmill exercise score for R-wave amplitude did not change the slope and intercepts of the regression line for @entity1 with an RV5 amplitude of 9 to 17 mm, but did for those with an RV5 amplitude less than 9 or greater than 17 mm. In this latter group, R-wave correction changed the regression line from one that differed significantly from that of @entity1 with less extreme RV5 voltage to one that was indistinguishable from it. Correction of the treadmill exercise score also increased the correlation coefficient from 0.54 to 0.68 in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of R-wave amplitude on exercise-induced ST XXXX : need for a "gain factor" correction when interpreting stress electrocardiograms.

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: The influence of @entity5603 larvae migration on the lung tissue of paratenic host (inbred @entity19 C57BL6/J) was evaluated. First macroscopic manifestation was already observed on day 2 in the time of the highest larval recovery. Larvae entering the lung tissue caused numerous small extravasations. Their migration from the lungs was manifested from day 6 with an increase in the number and extent of extravasations. The lungs assumed @entity7928 spot appearance (Fig. 1). The larval recovery was decreasing. From day 14 the expressiveness of macroscopic changes was declining. Areas of @entity2415 and @entity891 were observed on the lungs. The genesis and the process of elimination of extravasations were studied histologically. In the first period, the primary extravasations, caused by larvae migrating to the lung tissue (Fig. 2), were eliminated by monocytes and eosinophilic granulocytes in increasing numbers (Fig. 3). Immunohistochemically macrophages and dendritic cells were already observed in the lungs on day 1 (Fig. 4). Acid phosphatase activity was increasing from day 1 and its highest level was observed on day 84. Alkaline phosphatase activity on days 2-4 was not observed in the areas of extravasations although within the larvae themselves it was high. The extravasations of the second period (caused by larval migration from the lungs) from day 5-6 were eliminated with humoral monocytes and cells of perivascular and peribronchial tissue. Eosinophils were not active in this process. Strong exudation was observed here. The humoral part of extravasations was eliminated primarily. The cytoplasmic volume of activated cells was enlarging. Multinuclear symplasms were originated (Fig. 5). The activities of alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase were increased. Macrophages and dendritic cells were still present in high numbers and from day 14 aggregations of T and B lymphocytes were observed (Fig. 6). Reparative processes were frequently observed on the blood vessels altered by the leaving larvae (Fig. 7). Changes on the lungs caused by migration of larvae always ended in functional regeneration of the lung tissue. On the other hand dead larvae stimulated proliferative forms of inflammatory reactions which led to induration (Fig. 8).

title: [Changes in the lungs in XXXX caused by migration of @entity5603 larvae].

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of composite grinding dusts on @entity35 respiratory system. METHODS: @entity35 were administrated with grinding dusts by intratracheal injection. After 2 weeks, the total numbers of cells, the percentage of differential cell, the survival rate of cell, and the activity of @entity880 dehydrogenase(LDH) and alkaline phosphatase( @entity6032 ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed. RESULTS: Along with increasing concentration of grinding dusts, the total number of cells in lavage also increased, and was more than that in @entity3674 group. Compared with control group, the percentage of neutrophil in lavage of @entity35 treated with grinding dust and @entity3674 significantly increased and meanwhile that of macrophage significantly decreased[PMN: @entity3674 group (33.83 +/- 4.54)%; grinding dusts group (26.50 +/- 3.99)%, (36.00 +/- 3.58)%, (38.00 +/- 2.10)% at 10, 25, 50 mg/ml respectively. Macrophages: @entity3674 group (62.17 +/- 4.54)%; grinding dusts group (70.83 +/- 3.66)%, (60.83 +/- 2.14)%, (58.17 +/- 2.48)%] while those in control group were (2.83 +/- 0.75)%, (95.67 +/- 1.21)% respectively. The cell survival rate in lavage in control group was 80%, but that in grinding dust and @entity3759 group significantly decreased(P < 0.01). The activity of LDH and @entity6032 in all @entity35 treated with dusts obviously increased, and there was significant difference compared with control group(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was significant difference between grinding dust group and @entity3674 group, and between grinding dust group and @entity3759 group respectively. CONCLUSION: Metal grinding dust is very harmful to @entity35 's lung cells and may cause fibrogenesis in the lungs.

title: [Changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of XXXX exposed to metal grinding dusts].

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term visual outcomes and complications of the piggyback intraocular lens (IOL) implantation compared to @entity4118 for infantile @entity231 . @entity1 AND METHODS: In a comparative study from 1998 to 2007, @entity2790 (piggyback IOL group) was performed for 14 @entity1 (23 eyes) with infantile @entity231 and 20 @entity1 (32 eyes) who were aphakic ( @entity4118 group) after infantile @entity231 surgery. Data were collected on logMAR visual acuity, and @entity260 over a mean follow-up time of 6.2    1.7 years and 5.8    1.7 years. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 7.5    0.6 months and 6.0    3.3 months for the piggyback and the aphakic group respectively (P > 0.05). At the last follow-up visit, visual acuity was 0.85    0.73 (median = 0.70, interquartile range = 0.3-1.32) in the piggyback IOL group and 0.89    0.56 (median = 0.86, interquartile range = 0.50-1.24) in the aphakic group (P > 0.05). There was a positive relationship between age and visual outcomes in the aphakic group (r = 0.4, P = 0.04) but not in the piggyback IOL group (P = 0.48). There was no significant difference between the mean myopic shift in the piggyback IOL group (  -5.28    1.06 D) and the aphakic group (  -5.10    1.02 D) (P > 0.05). The incidence of reoperation due to complications in piggyback IOL group was higher than aphakic group (%48 vs. %16, respectively, P  <= 0.01). However, in @entity1 older than 6 months, this risk was not significantly different compared to the aphakic group. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2790 for infantile @entity231 is optically acceptable as a treatment option, there is no significant difference in visual outcomes compared to @entity4118 . The incidence in reoperation due to complications in @entity1 aged 6 months or younger is higher than those treated with @entity4118 .

title: Visual Outcomes and Complications of Piggyback Intraocular Lens Implantation Compared to @entity4118 for Infantile XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['piggyback IOL implantation']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['Cataract']


abstract: PURPOSE: To preliminarily examine whether solubility of water-soluble @entity4832 ( @entity939 ) microspheres in blood plasma changes in proportion to their degrees of saponification. The study also examined their feasibility as a temporary embolic agents in the @entity1707 renal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of @entity939 microspheres with the degrees of saponification of 97 mol% (S97), 98 mol% (S98), and 99 mol% (S99) were prepared. Seven kidneys in seven miniature @entity1707 were embolized and divided into three groups so there would be at least two kidneys for each type of @entity939 . One animal in each group was euthanized immediately after angiography at 3 hours after embolization and the other one at 7 days after. In addition, one animal embolized with S99 microspheres was euthanized at 21 days after embolization. RESULTS: With S97 microspheres, the vascular network had recovered to the preembolic state by 3 hours after embolization. With S98 microspheres, blood flow in the third-order branch had been restored in the same period. With S99 microspheres, the second- and lower order branches remained occluded until 21 days. Histopathologic specimens harvested at 3 hours revealed only a trace of @entity939 for S97 microspheres. With S98 microspheres, the vascular lumen was still found to be filled with @entity939 gel. With S99 microspheres, swollen microspheres densely filled the vascular lumen even on day 21. CONCLUSIONS: Dissolution process in vitro and the duration of @entity432 in vivo were possibly related to the degree of saponification of @entity939 . This result may support feasibility of @entity939 microspheres as a temporary embolic agent.

title: Water-soluble XXXX microspheres for temporary embolization: development and in vivo characteristics in a @entity1707 kidney model.

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

answer: @entity4832 :: (MESH:D011142,Chemical) :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with severely @entity308 @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) receive @entity737 ( @entity737 ) for the primary prevention of @entity944 . In some @entity1 , however, @entity1002 may improve or even normalize over time. Limited data are available on the incidence of appropriate anti- @entity591 therapy including pacing and shock in these @entity1 . METHODS: We retrospectively identified consecutive @entity1 at our institution with an @entity737 for primary prevention who had @entity1002 measurement available at initial implantation and at the time of generator replacement. None of these @entity1 had ever received appropriate anti- @entity591 therapy before generator replacement. The incidence of appropriate anti- @entity591 therapy after generator replacement was assessed. RESULTS: Of the 125 @entity1 received generator replacement, 53 (42%) @entity1 received an @entity737 and 72 (58%) received a cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D). Among them, 30 (21%) had @entity1002 normalized to >=  50%, 25 (17%) had @entity1002 partially improved to 36-49%, and 70 (63%) had @entity1002 that remained @entity308 at  <= 35%. During an overall follow-up period of 25    18 months, none of the individuals with normalized @entity1002 experienced appropriate anti- @entity591 therapy regardless of @entity737 or CRT-D. Meanwhile, 20% of @entity1 with @entity1002 at 36-49% and 14% of @entity1 with @entity1002 at  <= 35% received appropriate @entity737 therapy. The omnibus p-value for any differences between the three @entity1002 groups was 0.046 for the entire cohort, 0.01 for @entity737 and 0.15 for CRT-D @entity1 . CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that @entity1 with reduced @entity1002 and primary prevention @entity737 who normalize their @entity1002 over time may be at lower risk of appropriate anti- @entity591 therapy.

title: Normalization of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction and Incidence of Appropriate Anti- @entity591 Therapy in @entity1 with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator for Primary Prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity737 :: ('MESH:D057873', 'Disease') :: ['ICD', 'implantable cardioverter defibrillator']

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVEF', 'left ventricular ejection fractions']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden Death']


abstract: The effect of low doses of ionizing and nonionizing radiation on the radiation response of @entity375 @entity375 toward ionizing and nonionizing radiation was studied. The wild-type strain D273-10B on exposure to 54 Gy gamma radiation (resulting in about 10% cell killing) showed enhanced resistance to subsequent exposure to UV radiation. This induced UV resistance increased with the incubation time between the initial gamma radiation stress and the UV irradiation. Exposure to low doses of UV light on the other hand showed no change in gamma or UV radiation response of this strain. The strains carrying a mutation at @entity9871 behaved in a way similar to the wild type, but with slightly reduced induced response. In contrast to this, the @entity29815 mutants, defective in excision repair, showed no induced UV resistance. Removal of UV-induced @entity7391 dimers in wild-type @entity375 DNA after UV irradiation was examined by analyzing the sites recognized by UV endonuclease from @entity7178 . The samples that were exposed to low doses of gamma radiation before UV irradiation were able to repair the @entity7391 dimers more efficiently than the samples in which low gamma irradiation was omitted. The nature of enhanced repair was studied by scoring the frequency of induced gene conversion and reverse mutation at trp and ilv loci respectively in strain D7, which showed similar enhanced UV resistance induced by low-dose gamma irradiation. The induced repair was found to be essentially error-free. These results suggest that irradiation of strain D273-10B with low doses of gamma radiation enhances its capability for excision repair of UV-induced @entity7391 dimers.

title: Exposure to low dose of gamma radiation enhances the excision repair in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity7391 :: ('MESH:C030986', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimidine']

entities_list: @entity7178 :: ('1270', 'Species') :: ['Micrococcus luteus']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: @entity2 has @entity3082 proportions in all developed countries and many of the urban centres of the developing world. It is the most frequent @entity5 site in Singapore, accounting for 23.4% (623 cases) of all @entity5 deaths and nearly 5% of all causes in 1982. Based on incidence data for 1968-1977, among males, there was an average of about 330 cases diagnosed each year, giving an annual incidence rate of 30.7 per 100,000 and a proportion of 21% against all sites. Among females, there was an average of about 115 cases, with the incidence rate at 11.2 and the proportion 10.3% (ranking third behind breast and cervix). The risks among the Chinese were more than double those of the other ethnic groups. The Hokkien (73.2 per 100,000) and Teochew (67.0) males had one of the highest age-standardized incidence rates in the world. Most of the cases were of the @entity957 type. Among the females, the Cantonese (28.5) had about double the risks compared to the other dialect groups, and the rate was among the highest in the world. @entity420 accounted for almost 50% of the cases. The relevant host and environmental factors associated with @entity2 are discussed. Without doubt, cigarette smoking is the most important risk factor. The ultimate solution to this problem must lie in an effective smoking control programme, besides much-needed improvements in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX in Singapore.

entities_list: @entity3082 :: ('MESH:D004671', 'Disease') :: ['reached epidemic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['Lung cancer', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['Adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to @entity13897 , would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and @entity458 affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 @entity1 ) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). @entity1 consumed @entity13897 (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied       1.3   g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, @entity458 affect [ @entity2653 ( @entity2653 )], and @entity344 were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. @entity1 completed the TT 1.9% (-1.9; -4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. @entity2653 ratings were possibly higher and GI symptoms were possibly-to-likely lower with GF during the submaximal period and TT. Effect sizes for @entity344 and @entity2653 ratings were relatively small (Cohen's d   =      0.2 to 0.4). GF resulted in possibly higher fat oxidation during the submaximal period. No clear differences in lactate were observed. In conclusion, GF ingestion - compared with @entity13897 - likely improves TT performance after 2   h of submaximal @entity344 and @entity458 affect are likely mechanisms. These results apply to runners consuming fluid at 500-600   mL/h and carbohydrate at 1.0-1.3   g/min during running at 60-70% VO2peak .

title: XXXX and endurance running performance relative to @entity13897 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity13897 :: ('MESH:D018149', 'Disease') :: ['glucose-only']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['FS', 'Feeling Scale']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI distress', 'running, and GI distress']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological']

answer: @entity344 :: (MESH:D005767,Disease) :: ['Glucose-fructose likely improves gastrointestinal comfort']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine if @entity957 ( @entity957 ) classified into three groups based on @entity1082 ) 16 DNA presence and @entity986 expression display different protein expression patterns. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: A laboratory-based study of @entity1 with @entity957 treated at a tertiary care academic medical center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity982 -embedded @entity957 specimens from 77 @entity1 classified into the three-class model (HPV negative, HPV inactive [ @entity1799 +/ @entity986 -], and HPV active [ @entity1799 +/ @entity986 +]) were queried for the expression of 14 @entity5 progression proteins using AQUA (HistoRx, New Haven CT). Protein expression between groups was assessed by analysis of variance. Global expression patterns were determined by unsupervised hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: There were significant differences in expression of @entity3546 (P = 0.009), @entity470 (P = 0.009), and @entity7 (P = 0.028) between groups. @entity5 had overexpression of @entity3546 . Hierarchical clustering showed HPV-negative and HPV-inactive @entity5 displayed association patterns distinct from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Tumors classified by HPV DNA presence and @entity986 expression have different molecular phenotypes. This is the first demonstration of overexpression of @entity3546 (also found in HPV-caused cervical @entity5 ) in HPV-active @entity957 . HPV-active @entity957 may share a similar ontogeny to HPV-caused cervical @entity5 .

title: Defining molecular phenotypes of @entity1082 -associated XXXX : validation of three-class hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'HPV-active tumors', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['Paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Results of @entity706 treatment have improved markedly over the past 30 years. In @entity978 , the 5-year event-free survival (EFS) rate was 81.5% in a retrospective study. In the ALB-NHL03 study, the five-year EFS according to clinical stage in @entity1 with @entity981 was 70.6% for stage III and 88.9% for stage IV. In @entity1892 , the B-NHL03 study indicated that the 4-year EFS according to treatment group was 94% for Group 1, 98% for Group 2, 84% for Group 3, and 78% for Group 4 based on. Moreover, the two-year EFS rate was 81% in Japanese advanced stage @entity1 based on the international ALCL99 study. Thus, an EFS rate of over 80% was achieved in any subtype of @entity706 . However, @entity1 with refractory or recurrent @entity706 also exist and treatment methods for improvement of the survival rate of these @entity1 have to be developed. It's also a future problem to make the difference between the @entity1 and adolescent and young adult generation clear and develop treatment protocol. Although @entity706 treatment does not greatly change according to country, it does differ between other countries and Japan for some subtypes of @entity706 . In particular, the results of treatment of stage III T-LBL in Japan are worse than those of the US and European countries. It will be important to obtain evidence regarding these differences, and the reasons for these differences, in future studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Treatment of XXXX in Japan -The current status and the future plan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['T-lymphoblastic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'pediatric lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['mature B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['pediatric lymphoma']


abstract: A total of 37 thymic @entity5 was studied out of which 29 proved to be of epithelial origin. @entity704 may be accompanied by a minimal, marked or an overwhelming lymphoid reaction, pointing to the degree of the cellular defensive mechanism. According to the findings, two main types of @entity704 with minimal lymphoid reaction (light and dark cell types) can be distinguished. All the 7 light cell thymomas with minimal lymphoid reaction proved to be malignant in their clinical course. @entity704 of light cell origin with marked lymphoid reaction may be clinically benign or malignant. @entity704 with overwhelming lymphoid reaction were clinically benign. The clinical behavior of the dark cell thymomas was benign. The dark cell thymomas could be divided into subgroups with solid, lacunar and spindle cell forms. Three @entity1893 were observed. The T cell origin of one of these @entity5 was demonstrated immunologically. All the five cases of @entity978 were morphologically identical to the modular sclerotic form of lymphogranulomatosis.

title: Morphologic and clinico-pathologic features of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin type thymic lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity704 :: ('MESH:D013945', 'Disease') :: ['Thymomas', 'thymoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin type thymic lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['thymus tumours']


abstract: The reoxidation of reduced @entity375 Complex III by oxidants believed to react with cytochrome c1 exhibited multiple phases for both cytochrome c1 and the cytochromes b; the reoxidation of @entity2351 , but not cytochrome c1, was markedly slowed by the presence of @entity11382 . The data are consistent with the Q-cycle or any other scheme which proposes a branched path for electron transport between the @entity2351 centers and the endogenous Q6, provided certain constraints are relaxed. The reoxidation of the endogenous @entity3276 proceeded at a rate comparable to that of the rapidly reacting @entity2351 and appeared to be complete within 100 ms. Removal of the endogenous @entity3276 did not change the rate or extent of reoxidation of any of the @entity1446 centers, demonstrating that @entity3276 is not required for electron transport between cytochromes b and the @entity5985 cluster. This result is inconsistent with the requirements of the Q-cycle. Funiculosin completely inhibited the reoxidation of @entity2351 whereas the reoxidation of cytochrome c1 exhibited simple first-order kinetics in the presence of this inhibitor, implying that the @entity5985 cluster is on the direct path of electron transfer from @entity2351 to cytochrome c1. Potent inhibition of @entity2351 oxidation was also observed with @entity22951 and mucidin. The reaction of reduced Complex III with Q1 also exhibited multiple phases in the oxidation of the @entity2351 centers; these phases were unaffected by the presence of @entity22951 . Addition of antimycin, or removal of the endogenous @entity3276 , eliminated the rapid phases; only one of the @entity2351 centers was oxidized under these conditions. Epr showed that it is the low-potential @entity2351 that is the species rapidly oxidized.

title: The kinetics of reoxidation of XXXX complex III. An evaluation of the Q-cycle.

entities_list: @entity22951 :: ('MESH:C030517', 'Chemical') :: ['myxothiazol']

entities_list: @entity11382 :: ('MESH:C032456', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin']

entities_list: @entity5985 :: ('CHEBI:30408', 'Chemical') :: ['iron-sulfur']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: The etiological role of @entity34 ( @entity34 ), some of them such as permanent hair dyes containing @entity17072 , in the development of @entity1252 has been previously ruled out. However, the possible influence of @entity34 use on the course and prognosis of @entity1252 @entity1 has been assessed only in one short-term study. Since @entity34 is very extensive among the population, the knowledge of this possible negative effect may be very important. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the long-term influence of several HDTs on the course and clinical severity of @entity1 with both @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) and @entity3830 ( @entity3830 ). In this longitudinal case series study, 91 @entity1252 @entity1 and 22 @entity3830 @entity1 were prospectively studied from October 1988 to May 2000. They were divided into three groups: (a) non- @entity34 users-- @entity1 who have never used @entity34 (n = 65); (b) P- @entity34 users-- @entity34 permanent type users, alone or in combination with other types of @entity34 (n = 28); (c) non P- @entity34 --users of other treatments different from permanent tinting (bleach, lowlights, etc; n = 20). In each @entity1 we determined: (1) number of flares/year in @entity1252 @entity1 and worsening of cutaneous lesions for @entity3830 ; (2) @entity1252 International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index; (3) predominant damaged organs/systems according to the @entity34 use and type of @entity34 ; and (4) subjective impression about the disease evolution in relation to @entity34 use. No significant differences were found with respect to flares/year and SLICC/ACR damage index between the study groups. Non- @entity34 group presented more renal involvement and @entity11534 than both @entity34 -user groups. No @entity1 related the @entity34 use to the worsening of his disease. Therefore, in this study no evidence of an association between the long-term use of several types of @entity34 and the clinical activity and course of @entity1252 and @entity3830 was found.

title: Hair dye treatment use and clinical course in @entity1 with XXXX and @entity3830 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity17072 :: ('CHEBI:33860', 'Chemical') :: ['aromatic amines']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus', 'Systemic Lupus', 'lupus']

entities_list: @entity3830 :: ('MESH:D008178', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lupus', 'CL']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['HDT', 'hair dye treatment']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare systemic complications between standard surgery and endovascular repair of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) for both primary and late secondary procedures. METHODS: At a single center between July 1993 and May 2000, 297 @entity1 (255 @entity1 ; mean age 73.4 +/- 8.1 years, range 50-93) were treated with open surgical repair; beginning in 1996, 200 (166 @entity1 ; mean age 73.6 +/- 8.0 years, range 45-96) @entity1 were treated with the AneuRx stent-graft. In a comparison of the cohorts, which were similar in terms of age, gender, and @entity439 diameter, the main outcomes were early major systemic morbidity following the primary procedure to treat the @entity439 and late (>30 days) organ system morbidity for any secondary procedures. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up for open @entity1 was 20.1 +/- 17.1 months (range 1-150) compared to 12.4 +/- 9.6 months (range 1-60) after endovascular repair (p<0.05). There were 36 (12.1%) systemic complications after the primary open surgery and 15 (7.5%) after endovascular repair (p=NS). There were 43 (14.5%) combined primary and secondary morbidities in the open surgery group versus 15 (7.5%) for @entity1 undergoing endovascular repair (p<0.01). The need for invasive procedures to treat these primary and secondary systemic complications was 4 times greater in the open group (17, 5.7%) than in endograft @entity1 (3, 1.5%) (p<0.05). After secondary procedures (32 in the open group and 30 in the endovascular @entity1 ) for graft-related complications, there were 7 (21.9%) adverse events in the open group versus none (0%) for endograft @entity1 (p<0.01). Hospital lengths of stay following both primary and secondary procedures were lower for the endograft @entity1 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft repair compared to open surgery has reduced the early and late morbidity by half. Complications that require invasive or secondary surgical procedures and hospitalization are reduced with endovascular repair.

title: Endovascular repair reduces early and late morbidity compared to open surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 with or without @entity2419 ( @entity2419 ) or @entity2419 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity1 with @entity3384 ( @entity3384 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity3384 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity23970 @entity63517 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity1 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity1 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity2419 @entity1 and the total group of @entity3384 @entity1 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity63517 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity2419 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity23970 XXXX polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity3384 and/or @entity2419 in a Chinese population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3384 :: ('MESH:D002971', 'Disease') :: ['cleft lip', 'cleft lip and/or palate', 'CL/P']

answer: @entity63517 :: (c|SUB|G|820|A,DNAMutation) :: ['G820A']


abstract: The effect of @entity4854 on transplanted @entity35 pancreatic islets was studied using a new technique for transplanting a defined number of islets in a @entity4461 . Normal or @entity3839 - @entity6 DA @entity35 were given 400 DA islets under the left kidney capsule (a number shown to be insufficient to reverse @entity6 ). After 2 weeks the @entity6 @entity35 were given a further 1000 islets under the right kidney capsule to reverse @entity6 . Kidneys from both groups were examined at 2 weeks after the initial islet implant and at 3 months for both gross and histological appearance and for insulin content. After 2 weeks left kidneys from nondiabetic @entity35 showed abundant islet tissue, with an insulin content of 116 (+/- 14 SEM) milliunits, compared to 1 +/- 0.5 milliunits in the right kidney. Kidneys from @entity6 @entity35 showed no islets recognizable grossly. Histological examination showed vacuolated tissue scarcely recognizable as islet tissue, and the insulin content of the left kidney was reduced to 18 +/- 5 milliunits. However, 3 months after reversal of @entity6 by transplantation of 1000 islets to the right kidney, histologically "normal" islet tissue was again visible on the left kidney, and the insulin content was 160 +/- 36 milliunits. Islets left in normal animals for 3 months contained 195 +/- 50 milliunits. These experiments show that islets implanted beneath the kidney capsule in @entity6 @entity35 are not destroyed by two weeks @entity4854 . This suggests that protection of islets after implantation by insulin treatment is unnecessary, even in the presence of a persistently raised blood sugar.

title: The effect of XXXX on isolated rodent islets transplanted to the kidney capsule site.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity4461 :: ('MESH:D020141', 'Disease') :: ['blood clot']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['hyperglycemia']


abstract: Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in skeletally immature @entity1 is controversial. The growth plate could be damaged if treated with the reconstruction techniques used to treat instability in adults. For this reason, many authors postpone surgical treatment until skeletal maturity, but the acceptable length of time that treatment can be postponed without causing irreversible damage to the articular cartilage in @entity1 with @entity130 is unknown. Until now, no studies have described the pathological findings and the evolution of the lesions of the articular cartilage during the growing period. For this reason, an experimental study on 16 6-month-old, skeletally immature @entity1237 was performed. A complete @entity75 was achieved by removing the ligament. Two animals per group were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. The presence of @entity130 and articular cartilage lesions with progressive aspects were histologically underlined. The hystological observations showed that the complete @entity75 causes irreversible articular cartilage alterations in growing @entity1237 3 months after injury. These experimental data suggest that ACL reconstruction in growing @entity1 with @entity130 and instability should be indicated without waiting until skeletal maturity.

title: The effects of anterior cruciate ligament lesion on the articular cartilage of growing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['ACL lesion']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['ACL injury', 'meniscal injury']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: @entity121 is a common feature of severe @entity295 and @entity177 . Recent evidence implicates bioenergetic dysfunction and oxidative damage as important underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Increased abundance of @entity4308 ( @entity4308 ) in @entity295 suggests @entity2383 , which may reduce mitochondrial coupling efficiency but limit reactive @entity26 species (ROS) production. Using a @entity19 model, we examined metabolic, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle contractile changes following induction of peritoneal @entity295 in wild-type and @entity4308 (-/-) @entity19 . Mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was measured using two-photon microscopy in living diaphragm, and contractile function was measured in diaphragm muscle strips. The kinetic relationship between membrane potential and @entity26 consumption was determined using a modular kinetic approach in isolated mitochondria. @entity295 was associated with significant whole body metabolic suppression, @entity2332 , and @entity65 . Maximal force generation was reduced and @entity1295 accelerated in ex vivo diaphragm muscle strips from septic @entity19 .     m was lower in the isolated diaphragm from septic @entity19 despite normal substrate oxidation kinetics and @entity121 . Even though wild-type @entity19 exhibited an absolute 26    6% higher @entity4308 protein abundance at 24 h, no differences were seen in whole animal or diaphragm physiology, nor in survival rates, between wild-type and @entity4308 (-/-) @entity19 . In conclusion, this @entity19 @entity295 model shows a hypometabolic phenotype with evidence of significant @entity65 . This was associated with lower     m and alterations in mitochondrial @entity855 turnover and the phosphorylation pathway. However, @entity4308 does not play an important functional role, despite its upregulation.

title: Skeletal @entity121 is associated with derangements in mitochondrial bioenergetics (but not @entity4308 ) in a rodent model of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['sepsis', 'Sepsis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['multiorgan failure']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Muscle dysfunction', 'proton leak in skeletal muscle mitochondria']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular dysfunction', 'cardiovascular and muscle dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['increased mitochondrial proton leak']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: The @entity68 -containing @entity224 dismutase from @entity526 is inactivated by @entity274 to a limit of approximately 90%. When corrected for the @entity274 -resistant portion, this inactivation was first order with respect to residual activity and exhibited a pseudo-first-order rate constant of 0.066 min-1 at 25 degrees C in 0.24 mM @entity274 at pH 7.8. The @entity224 dismutase activity remaining after treatment with @entity274 differed from the activity of the native enzyme with respect to heat stability, inhibition by @entity2769 , and inactivation by light in the presence of rose bengal and by @entity17643 . The native and the @entity274 -modified enzymes were indistinguishable by electrophoresis on @entity2975 gels. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 was accompanied by loss of @entity2340 and some loss of @entity68 , but there was no detectable loss of @entity3793 or of other @entity1522 . @entity274 treatment caused changes in the optical spectrum of the enzyme. Inactivation of the enzyme by @entity274 depends upon the @entity68 at the active site. Thus, the apoenzyme and the @entity921 -substituted enzyme were unaffected by @entity274 . We conclude that reaction of @entity274 with the @entity68 at the active site generates a potent oxidant capable of attacking @entity2340 residues. A mechanism is proposed.

title: Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the @entity68 -containing XXXX dismutase of @entity526 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity921 :: ('MESH:D008345', 'Chemical') :: ['manganese']

entities_list: @entity3793 :: ('CHEBI:27570', 'Chemical') :: ['histidine']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity17643 :: ('MESH:D001974', 'Chemical') :: ['N-bromosuccinimide']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity224 :: (MESH:D013481,Chemical) :: ['superoxide']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2489 ( @entity2489 ) has been validated in @entity1 with acute @entity649 . However, the effect of @entity2489 in @entity1 undergoing major surgery is controversial. The study aimed to explore the beneficial effect of @entity2489 on @entity1 undergoing a major operation by systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: Various levels of medical centres. @entity1 : @entity1 undergoing general anaesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: @entity2489 with low tidal volume. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Study end points included @entity647 ( @entity647 ), @entity55 , @entity891 , mortality, length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital. METHODS: Databases including PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and EMBASE were searched from inception to May 2015. Search strategies consisted of terms related to @entity2489 and anaesthesia. We reported OR for binary outcomes including @entity647 , mortality, @entity55 , @entity891 and other adverse outcomes. Weighted mean difference was reported for continuous outcomes such as LOS in the ICU and hospital, pH value, partial pressure of @entity544 , oxygenation and duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). MAIN RESULTS: A total of 22 citations were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. @entity2489 had protective effect against the development of @entity647 as compared with the control group, with an OR of 0.41 (95% CI 0.19 to 0.87). @entity2489 tended to be beneficial with regard to the development of @entity55 (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.28) and @entity891 (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.01), but statistical significance was not reached. Other adverse outcomes such as new onset @entity943 were significantly reduced with the use of @entity2489 (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that @entity2489 can reduce the risk of @entity647 in @entity1 undergoing major surgery. However, there is insufficient evidence that such a beneficial effect can be translated to more clinically relevant outcomes such as mortality or duration of MV. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The study was registered in PROSPERO (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/) under registration number CRD42013006416.

title: Lung protective ventilation in XXXX undergoing major surgery: a systematic review incorporating a Bayesian approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity2489 :: ('MESH:D053717', 'Disease') :: ['PV', 'Protective ventilation']

entities_list: @entity544 :: ('MESH:D002245', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury', 'ALI']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: 1. @entity1434 fed to young albino @entity35 as 10 per cent of the diet resulted in: (a) @entity548 , @entity3036 , within 3 or 4 days. (b) A high mortality rate. (c) Fatty infiltration of hepatic cells in all @entity35 surviving the initial acute lesion. (d) @entity1575 in @entity35 surviving more than 2 weeks. 2. 5 per cent dietary @entity1434 produced marked @entity1560 of the liver, followed by @entity548 . @entity82 was present in one of the two @entity35 on the diet for 6 weeks. 3. The livers of @entity35 fed 5 or 10 per cent @entity1434 diets followed by the McCollum stock diet, showed evidence of residual cellular damage, and of regeneration as shown by mitotic figures. 4. In this series of 30 @entity35 on excess dietary @entity1434 , a @entity8 was found in only one case.

title: CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER CAUSED BY EXCESS DIETARY XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal lesion']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty infiltration']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Portal hemorrhagic necrosis', 'portal hemorrhagic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['Cirrhosis of the liver']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['resembling eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity1434 :: ('MESH:D003553', 'Chemical') :: ['Cystine', 'cystine']

answer: @entity1434 :: (MESH:D003553,Chemical) :: ['CYSTINE']


abstract: Background. Globally, in ch @entity1 he prevalence of overweight and ob @entity28 s increasing, and this is associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. There is a need to examine the growing trends of overweight and ob @entity28 n ch @entity1 nd their consequences in low- and middle-income countries. OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of, and determine the relationship between, stunting and overweight among ch @entity1 n two provinces of South Africa. METHODS: Secondary data analysis was conducted on anthropometric measurements of 36 - 119-month-old ch @entity1 rom Gauteng and Mpumalanga provinces (N=519) participating in the South African National Food Consumption Survey - Fortification Baseline I (2005). The International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) body mass index (BMI) reference percentiles were used to determine overweight and ob @entity28 The World Health Organization standards were used to derive z-scores. RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight was 12.0% (IOTF BMI >= 25 kg/m2), including 3.7% ob @entity28 IOTF BMI >= 30 kg/m2). The predominantly urban Gauteng Province had a significantly higher prevalence of overweight ch @entity1 14.1%) compared with Mpumalanga (6.3%) (p=0.0277). The prevalence of stunting was 17.0% (16.5% Gauteng, 18.2% Mpumalanga; p>0.05). There was a significant correlation (r=-0.32) between BMI and height-for-age z-scores (p<0.0001). In the ob @entity28 roup, 68.4% were stunted, while in the normal and underweight group only 13.6% were stunted. CONCLUSIONS: Stunted ch @entity1 ere more likely to be ob @entity28 Further research is necessary for clarity on the physiological mechanisms of this relationship. In the interim, prevention of stunting requires priority.

title: The relationship between stunting and overweight among XXXX from South Africa: Secondary analysis of the National Food Consumption Survey - Fortification Baseline I.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adequate proximal neck length is important for proper endovascular treatment of @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). Placement of endografts in @entity1028 with relatively short proximal necks may require covering the origin of accessory renal arteries. Exclusion of these arteries carries the theoretical concern of regional @entity8 associated with loss of parenchyma or worsening @entity101 . We reviewed our experience with accessory renal exclusions during @entity11557 repair to determine the frequency and severity of complications. METHODS: Complete records were available for review on 311 of 325 consecutive @entity1 treated with endovascular grafts for @entity1028 from February 6, 1996, to March 15, 2001. The presence of accessory renal arteries was ascertained from preoperative/intraoperative aortography or from computed tomographic scanning. Sizes of the accessories were measured by using the main renal arteries as a reference. Considerations for excluding the accessory renal arteries were based on the likelihood of successful proximal attachment to healthy aorta, an accessory vessel whose size does not exceed the diameter of the main renal artery, and the absence of @entity8 . RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 11.5 months. Fifty-two accessory renal arteries were documented in 37 @entity1 (12%), ranging from 1 to > or =3 per @entity1 . Of these, 26 accessory renal arteries were covered in 24 @entity1 . @entity1 ranged in age from 57 to 85 years (mean, 74.1 years), with 20 @entity1 and 4 @entity1 . The Ancure device was used in 23 @entity1 and the Excluder device in one. Of the accessories excluded, 22 originated above the @entity439 and 4 originated directly from the @entity439 itself. There were no perioperative mortalities. One @entity1 died 5 months after surgery from an unrelated condition. There was one type I (distal) endoleak and no @entity1070 . Five @entity1 (21%) had @entity1188 associated with the side of @entity8 . Only one @entity1 with segmental @entity1188 had significant postoperative @entity101 that resulted in changes in blood pressure medication. The blood pressure reverted to normal 3 months later. One @entity1 with a stenotic left main renal artery required exclusion of the @entity8 for successful proximal attachment. Serum @entity1011 levels remained unchanged throughout follow-up in all but one @entity1 , in whom progressive @entity177 developed despite normal renal flow scan, presumably from intraoperative manipulation and contrast @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Exclusion of accessory renal arteries to facilitate @entity11557 repair appears to be well tolerated. Long-term sequelae seem infrequent and mild.

title: Exclusion of accessory renal arteries during endovascular repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal ischemia', 'accessory renal artery exclusion', 'accessory renal artery', 'renal disease']

entities_list: @entity11557 :: ('MESH:C565230', 'Disease') :: ['endovascular AAA']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1070 :: ('MESH:D057867', 'Disease') :: ['type II endoleaks']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative renal failure']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'segmental renal infarction']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospectively study. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to clarify the safety and efficacy of asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy (PSO) in the treatment of severe adult lumbar deformities prospectively. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Vertebral wedge osteotomy provides good correction of @entity1513 but has rarely been applied to @entity179 . METHODS: A total of 14 @entity1 who had undergone corrective osteotomy were enrolled. The average age at PSO was 67 years (range, 45-76 yr). The minimum follow-up was 2 years. @entity1 questionnaires were administered prospectively. Radiographical parameters including sagittal and coronal balance were analyzed. RESULTS: Average operative time was 310 minutes (range, 254-375 min). Average @entity190 was 1090 mL (range, 700-2900 mL).Mean preoperative lumbar @entity1515 improved from -3   to 42   at the final follow-up, and sagittal balance improved from 12 to 3 cm, respectively. Mean lumbar scoliosis improved from 40   to 12  , and coronal offset improved from 3 to 1 cm, respectively. There was also statistically significant improvement from preoperative to final evaluation in all clinical domains. There were 4 complications: 1 dural tear, 2 hook dislodgements at the cephalad side requiring revision instrumentation, and 1 rod breakage not requiring surgical intervention. Overall, all 14 @entity1 were satisfied with their surgical management and would choose to repeat the procedure. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the surgical procedure of asymmetrical PSO is to correct the scoliosis, to restore the lumbar @entity1515 by way of convex-sided posterolateral wedge osteotomy, and may go a long way toward solving the problems of @entity2003 .

title: Asymmetrical pedicle subtraction osteotomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2003 :: ('MESH:D009127', 'Disease') :: ['rigid lumbar degenerative kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis']

answer: @entity2003 :: (MESH:D009127,Disease) :: ['rigid degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis']


abstract: Thousands of salivary cells fill the interstices throughout the anterior ends of @entity89 . The somata are large (30-200 micron in diameter). They project single processes (ductules) into the three jaws, and were found to fire overshooting action potentials of 50-85 mV amplitude and 100-200 ms duration at low spontaneous rates. The action potentials were not detected in the presence of @entity1953 (10 mmol l-1), but could be recorded when @entity1372 was absent from the Ringer, so they appear to be @entity460 -dependent. Salivary material is transported by the long processes of these unicellular glands and secreted into ducts which alternate with paired teeth on the jaws. Secretion is activated reliably by 10(-6) mol l-1 @entity750 , but not by other neurotransmitters found in the leech nervous system. Each jaw secretes at an average rate of 230 nl @entity1009 in the presence of @entity750 , and secretion is completely abolished by @entity1953 . Perfusion with @entity750 excites the salivary gland cells into impulse activity, and often evokes bursting. Impulse activity of the peripherally projecting, serotonergic Retzius cells evokes both depolarizations and action potentials in the salivary gland cells. In @entity89 , central neurones appear to control salivation by a peripheral release of @entity750 . This neurotransmitter evokes @entity460 -dependent action potentials and @entity460 , in turn, stimulates secretion.

title: Excitability and secretory activity in the salivary gland cells of XXXX (Hirudinea: Gnathobdellida).

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['jawed leeches']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity89 :: (MESH:D007571,Disease) :: ['jawed leeches']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disease progression rates among @entity1 with @entity746 ( @entity746 ) vary greatly. Although the majority of affected individuals survive 3-5 years following diagnosis, some subgroups experience a more rapidly progressing form, surviving less than 1 year, and other subgroups experience slowly progressing forms, surviving nearly 50 years. Genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors pose significant barriers in investigating @entity1 progression rates. Similar to the case for @entity1 , variation in survival within the @entity182 @entity19 has been well documented, but different progression rates have not been investigated. The present study identifies two subgroups of B6SJL @entity182 ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 with different disease progression rates, a @entity4053 ( @entity4053 ) and slow progression group, as evidenced by differences in the rate of motor function decline. In addition, increased disease-associated gene expression within the @entity4053 facial motor nucleus confirmed the presence of a more severe phenotype. We hypothesize that a more @entity66 phenotype could be the result of 1) an earlier onset of axonal disconnection with a consistent degeneration rate or 2) a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We performed a facial nerve transection axotomy in both @entity182 subgroups prior to disease onset as a method to standardize the axonal disconnection. Instead of leading to comparable gene expression in both subgroups, this standardization did not eliminate the severe phenotype in the @entity4053 facial nucleus, suggesting that the @entity4053 phenotype is the result of a more severe or accelerated degenerative process. We theorize that these @entity182 subgroups are representative of the rapid and @entity73 phenotypes often experienced in @entity746 . J. Comp. Neurol., 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Identification of B6SJL XXXX ( @entity24869 ) @entity19 subgroups with different disease progression rates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['severe disease']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow disease']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['FPG', 'fast progression group']

entities_list: @entity746 :: ('MESH:D000690', 'Disease') :: ['ALS', 'amyotrophic lateral sclerosis']

answer: @entity182 :: (20655(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mSOD1']