abstract: Repetitive @entity130 to the hypothenar eminence can cause the ulnar artery to become @entity439 to the digital arteries. The symptoms and signs are also known as the @entity1848 . We postulate that an arterial autograft is a superior conduit to the traditional vein graft. In this article, we report 3 cases (2 in 1 @entity1 ) of reconstruction of the distal ulnar artery with the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA). Two @entity1 , ages 45 to 50 years, had severe @entity63 complaints of the ulnar fingers. Arteriograms confirmed occlusion of the distal ulnar artery without direct perfusion of the superficial palmar arch. All reconstructions were carried out with the descending branch of the LCFA. From the ulnar artery at wrist level to the superficial palmar arch and the involved common digital arteries. Patency was certified during follow-up with color-coded Duplex sonography at 6 to 28 months. Preoperative complaints like cold intolerance and other @entity63 disappeared.

title: XXXX : distal ulnar artery reconstruction with autologous descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic symptoms', 'ischemic']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysmal, thrombose, or send emboli']

entities_list: @entity1848 :: ('MESH:D037801', 'Disease') :: ['hypothenar hammer syndrome']

answer: @entity1848 :: (MESH:D037801,Disease) :: ['Hypothenar hammer syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aimed to demonstrate the efficacy and tolerability of low-dose weekly @entity136 as a radiosensitizer in unresectable @entity788 @entity1 treated with chemoradiotherapy. METHODS: Twenty-four histologically confirmed @entity3123 @entity1 (female/male: 10/14, median age: 60) were evaluated. Seven (29%) @entity1 received @entity136 either as a single agent or in combination prior to chemoradiotherapy. Concurrent 75 mg/m2 @entity136 was infused weekly. Radiotherapy was delivered to the @entity5 and positive lymphatics with 3D-conformal radiotherapy to a total dose of 4500 cGy. Local progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Median follow-up was 36 weeks. Median local progression-free survival, distant metastasis-free survival and overall survival were 22 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5-59 weeks), 19 weeks (95%CI: 6.9-31 weeks) and 36 weeks (95%CI: 28-43 weeks), respectively. All @entity1 completed radiotherapy as scheduled. Concurrent @entity136 was given fully in 58.3% of @entity1 . @entity136 was terminated in four (16.6%) @entity1 due to grade 3 @entity1398 (n=1), grade 3 @entity390 / @entity391 (n=2) or @entity1 's reluctance (n=1). @entity1 with local response and stable disease to chemoradiotherapy revealed a median survival of 39 weeks (95%CI: 30-47.9 weeks) compared to 36 weeks (95%CI: 9.7-62.2 weeks) in @entity1 with locally progressive disease (p=0.52). @entity158 was improved in 50% of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Weekly low-dose radiosensitizing @entity136 is effective and safe in unresectable @entity788 @entity1 .

title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with low-dose weekly XXXX for nonmetastatic unresectable @entity788 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity136 :: (MESH:C056507,Chemical) :: ['gemcitabine']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2438 is comorbid with @entity302 , yet, little is known about the causes or risk factors leading to this combined @entity16 . Although genetic predisposition can play a substantial role, our objective was to investigate whether maternal environmental factors alone could be sufficient.We examined the independent and combined effects of maternal stress and @entity4183 (used to arrest @entity3152 ), @entity2438 risk factors in @entity1 , on measures of both @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 in @entity35 . Pregnant dams were exposed to mild stress (foot shocks at 1 week intervals) throughout pregnancy. Pups were injected with @entity4183 on postnatal days 2-5.Either maternal stress or @entity4183 resulted in @entity2438 -like behaviors in offspring (stereotyped/repetitive behaviors and deficits in social interaction or communication), but neither resulted in @entity302 . However, their combination resulted in severe behavioral symptoms, as well as spontaneous recurrent @entity410 in 45% and @entity302 in 100%, of the @entity35 . @entity131 (GFAP reactivity) was correlated with both @entity146 and spontaneous @entity410 .We conclude that prenatal insults alone can cause comorbid @entity2438 and @entity302 but it requires a combination of teratogens to achieve this; testing single teratogens independently and not examining combinatorial effects may fail to reveal key risk factors in @entity1 . Moreover, astrogliosis may be common to both teratogens. This new animal model of combined @entity2438 and @entity302 permits the experimental investigation of both the cellular mechanisms and potential intervention strategies for this debilitating comorbid syndrome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The comorbidity of @entity1 @entity2438 and @entity302 has been recognized for decades with little understanding of factors that increase risk. We show that two common @entity1 risk factors for @entity2438 (maternal stress and @entity4183 ), only when combined, result in severe @entity2438 -like behavior and @entity302 . The significance of this work is fourfold: (1) combinations of teratogens are required to assess true risk in @entity1 ; (2) maternal stress and @entity4183 , which are frequently combined in pregnant mothers, may be far more of a risk factor than previously appreciated; (3) astrogliosis may be a common mechanism for this syndrome; and (4) this first animal model of environmentally induced @entity2438 / @entity302 permits experimental investigation of cellular mechanisms and intervention strategies.

title: Maternal Stress Combined with @entity4183 Leads to Comorbid Autistic-Like Behavior and XXXX in a @entity35 Model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'convulsive seizures']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['Hippocampal gliosis']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['abnormal behavior']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2438 :: ('MESH:D001321', 'Disease') :: ['autism', 'ASD', 'autistic']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'epileptiform spikes']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['Epilepsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to assess quality of life (QoL), functional outcome, and social impact following ileal pouch anal @entity254 (IPAA) for @entity31 ( @entity31 ) and @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) since Indian data is limited. Data was collected prospectively from @entity1 who underwent IPAA for @entity31 or @entity1412 from 2004 to 2013. QoL and functional outcome at 1, 3, and 5 years after surgery, return to work, and change of job (social impact) were documented. QoL was assessed using the validated Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) score, the normal score being 1.0. Twenty-five @entity1 were analyzed. Mean CGQL scores before surgery and at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.5, 0.63, 0.73, and 0.8, respectively. @entity1412 @entity1 had better scores at 3 and 5 years. Only 40 % returned to same job. Sixty-four percent returned to work within a year. The median number of bowel movements per 24 h was less for @entity1412 @entity1 at 3 and 5 years. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 had poorer function at 3 years. Long-term QoL and functional outcomes following IPAA are acceptable. @entity1613 in QoL, mainly in @entity1412 and long-term adverse social impact in both groups should not be underestimated. @entity31 @entity1 on long-term @entity230 showed delayed improvement in pouch function.

title: Quality of life, social impact and functional outcome following ileal pouch-anal XXXX for @entity31 and @entity1412 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1613 :: ('MESH:D011230', 'Disease') :: ['Initial deterioration']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity99 results in the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which in turn produce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) in response to pro-inflammatory cytokines for tissue remodelling. This study explored the transcriptional induction of the @entity3334 gene by @entity5 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) in HSCs. METHODS: The LI90 @entity1 HSC line was used in the present study. Gelatin zymography, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Northern blotting and gene promoter-reporter assays were used to analyse the induction of @entity3334 protein, mRNA expression and gene transcription respectively. Deletional or site-directed mutations were introduced into the promoter region and transiently transfected into LI90 cells to determine the cis-acting elements necessary for @entity310 inducibility. Gel shift mobility assays were used to determine the transcriptional factors involved in the @entity310 responsiveness. RESULTS: @entity310 upregulated @entity3334 protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner. A time-course experiment revealed a rapid induction of @entity3334 mRNA expression after @entity310 treatment. Mutation in a putative nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB-binding site at -2541 bp almost completely abolished the @entity310 response to @entity3334 gene-promoter activity, suggesting transcriptional regulation of @entity3334 expression by @entity310 via this site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay and supershift assays indicated that this transcriptional regulation was regulated via the @entity2451 of @entity2451 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3334 gene expression might be induced by @entity310 via the @entity2451 of @entity2451 in activated @entity1 HSCs.

title: Induction of @entity3334 gene transcription by @entity5 factor alpha via the @entity2451 in activated XXXX hepatic stellate cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Liver injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative prevalence of each type of J-wave syndrome electrocardiographic pattern and its association with perioperative @entity299 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Single hospital university study. @entity1 : The study evaluated 930 @entity1 who underwent gynecologic, abdominal, neurosurgical, orthopedic, and urologic surgeries. INTERVENTIONS: Preoperative standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring was performed, and each type of J-wave syndrome ECG pattern-types 1, 2, and 3 and Brugada syndrome-type-was evaluated. Incidence of perioperative @entity299 was investigated up to 1 year postoperatively using an electronic medical record system. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data from 789 @entity1 were included in the final study. Of these, 16 @entity1 (2.0%) had J-wave syndrome: 7 @entity1 (0.9%) had type-1 patterns; 5 @entity1 (0.6%) had type-2 patterns; 2 @entity1 (0.3%) had type-3 patterns; and 2 @entity1 (0.3%) had @entity1789 patterns. A J-point elevation>= 0.2 mV, which is considered to be more dangerous, was found in only 2 @entity1 with @entity1789 patterns, both of whom suffered perioperative @entity943 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with J-wave syndrome ECG patterns, even dangerous patterns, are not necessarily associated with a higher risk of perioperative @entity299 . However, @entity1789 patterns should be carefully monitored.

title: Preoperative Prevalence of J-Wave Syndrome Electrocardiographic Patterns and Their Association With Perioperative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1789 :: ('MESH:D053840', 'Disease') :: ['Brugada syndrome-type ECG', 'Brugada syndrome type ECG']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['lethal arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac Events']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibodies targeting @entity470 ( @entity470 ) or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) have demonstrated efficacy in combination with chemotherapy in the first-line therapy of advanced @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Data from randomized studies comparing these monoclonal antibodies as initial therapy is conflicting, and their comparative efficacy remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of these targeted therapies on @entity1 outcomes by combining the data from randomized clinical trials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and meeting proceedings within the past 12 months were searched to identify relevant studies. All randomized phase II/III clinical trials of advanced @entity14 comparing an anti- @entity470 therapy with an anti- @entity7 agent in the first-line setting were included. Data were extracted on sample size, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: Three randomized studies comprising 2014 @entity1 were included in the meta-analysis. For @entity1 with @entity984 wild type ( @entity984 - @entity7097 ) @entity14 , the ORR was superior in @entity1 who received first-line anti- @entity470 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity7 therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.58; P  = .004). This effect was even stronger for all RAS- @entity7097 @entity1 (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.13-1.90; P  = .004). There was no difference in PFS overall irrespective of the @entity984 - @entity7097 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.93-1.13; P  = .61) or all RAS- @entity7097 (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.71-1.18; P  = .50) status. The @entity1349 was significantly longer in the @entity1 who received first-line anti- @entity470 therapy compared with those who received anti- @entity7 therapy ( @entity984 - @entity7097 : HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.97; P  = .026; all RAS- @entity7097 : HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.95; P  = .016). CONCLUSION: The results of our research show superior ORR and @entity1349 with first-line anti- @entity470 therapy compared with anti- @entity7 therapy in both @entity984 - @entity7097 and all RAS- @entity7097 @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . These results suggest that anti- @entity470 monoclonal antibodies may be a real alternative to anti- @entity7 therapy as initial treatment of advanced @entity14 .

title: Role of First-Line Anti- XXXX Therapy Compared With Anti- @entity7 Therapy in Advanced @entity14 : A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity470 :: (1956,Gene) :: ['Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: d-Dimer is a prothrombotic biomarker and a very sensitive measure of endogenous fibrinolysis. It is used as a screening test for suspected @entity1150 . This study investigated whether d-dimer levels were increased in the varicose veins of @entity1 in comparison to their own arm samples. @entity1 , n = 24, 17 male, age 45 (25-91), C2-6, awaiting saphenous laser ablation were compared to matched controls, n = 24, 17 male, age 42 (24-89). Concurrent venous blood samples were taken from the arm and a lower @entity291 /ankle (varicose) vein. The median (interquartile range) d-dimer (ng/mL) level was significantly greater in the ankle than in the arm blood of the same @entity1 at 319 (164-631) versus 281 (167-562), P = .003, Wilcoxon. This did not occur in the controls at 269 (80-564) versus 262 (106-526), P = .361, Wilcoxon. The results indicate increased endogenous fibrinolysis in varicose veins compared with arm blood. This suggests there is more @entity715 activity or dissolution of formed subclinical fibrin @entity715 which may explain the association of varicose veins with @entity715 . This contrasts with earlier studies reporting a @entity2631 in fibrinolysis in @entity66 .

title: d-Dimer Levels are Significantly Increased in Blood Taken From Varicose Veins Compared With Antecubital Blood From the Same XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['venous disease']

entities_list: @entity2631 :: ('MESH:D012594', 'Disease') :: ['local reduction']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['superficial vein thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'thrombotic']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of commercially available latanoprost 0.005% given every evening versus @entity6839 0.5% and @entity15438 2% fixed combination (TDFC) given twice daily to white Greeks with primary @entity1538 and ocular @entity101 @entity1 . DESIGN: A single-masked, two-center, crossover comparison with two 6-week treatment periods occurring after at least a 3-week medicine-free period. Diurnal curve intraocular pressures were taken at 2:00 AM, 6:00 AM, 10:00 AM, 2:00 PM, 6:00 PM, and 10:00 PM. @entity1 : Thirty-four subjects with primary @entity1538 or @entity2790 were enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Latanoprost 0.005% given every evening and TDFC twice daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary efficacy variable was diurnal intraocular pressure. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 completed the study. On the last day of treatment, the mean diurnal intraocular pressure for latanoprost was 15.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg and for TDFC was 15.3 +/- 2.0 mmHg (P = 0.05). Individual time points for intraocular pressure were not statistically different between groups except at the 10:00 PM time point, when the mean for TDFC was 14.6 +/- 2.7 mmHg and for latanoprost was 16.6 +/- 3.1 mmHg (P < 0.006). Eighteen @entity1 overall preferred latanoprost versus 2 @entity1 for the fixed combination, generally because of the greater convenience of once daily dosing. Adverse events were not significantly different between groups except that a bitter taste was found more frequently with TDFC (n = 9) than with latanoprost (n = 0; P = 0.009). Despite screening to exclude intolerance to beta-blockers, a single @entity1 had to discontinue the TDFC because of new-onset @entity565 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the 24-hour diurnal intraocular pressure is lowered more, by a small but statistically significant amount, with TDFC compared with latanoprost in primary @entity1538 and ocular @entity101 @entity1 .

title: Twenty-four-hour diurnal curve comparison of commercially available latanoprost 0.005% versus the @entity6839 and XXXX fixed combination.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity15438 :: ('MESH:C062765', 'Chemical') :: ['dorzolamide']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

answer: @entity15438 :: (MESH:C062765,Chemical) :: ['dorzolamide']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A @entity717 ( @entity717 ) taskforce recently proposed diagnostic criteria for @entity191 with features of mild @entity73 ( @entity1726 ). This study first examined the prevalence and nature of @entity1726 in a non-demented cohort using the @entity717 criteria. Using the generic Monte Carlo simulation method developed by Crawford and colleagues (2007), this study then estimated the base rate of the representative population who would demonstrate @entity1726 due to chance alone. A total of 104 @entity1 with idiopathic @entity1726 underwent extensive motor and neuropsychological testing at baseline and 2 years later. The Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) was used to assess motor symptoms of @entity1726 and a range of established neuropsychological tests was used to assess @entity1726 in accord with @entity717 criteria. In accord with @entity717 criteria, 38% of this cohort demonstrated @entity1726 at baseline and 48% at follow-up. Of the 36 @entity1 in the multiple-domain @entity1726 subtype at time-1, 9 (25%) demonstrated no @entity1726 at follow up. Analysis revealed that approximately 13% of the representative population would demonstrate abnormally low scores for 2 of the 9 tests used, thereby meeting @entity717 criteria for @entity1726 . Clinicians and researchers need to approach a single diagnosis (i.e., based on one assessment) of @entity1726 with considerable caution. (JINS, 2015, 21, 1-9).

title: Retrospective Assessment of @entity717 Criteria for Mild XXXX in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['MDS', 'Movement Disorder Society']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive Impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity615 is prevalent among intercollegiate rowers. PURPOSE: We conducted a large-scale study to determine the rate of and the potential etiologic factors for clearly defined back @entity158 that developed during intercollegiate rowing. STUDY DESIGN: Survey. METHODS: Surveys from 1632 former intercollegiate rowing athletes were analyzed. These surveys concerned training methods and back @entity158 before and during intercollegiate rowing. @entity615 was defined as @entity158 that lasted at least 1 week. RESULTS: Five hundred twenty-six subjects reported that back @entity158 developed during intercollegiate rowing. Factors significantly associated with the development of back @entity158 included age at the time of the survey; history of rowing before age 16; use of a hatchet oar blade; training with free weights, @entity353 , and an ergometer; midline ergometer cable position; and ergometer training sessions longer than 30 minutes. @entity615 while in college also was associated with higher mean college weight and height. CONCLUSIONS: Intercollegiate rowers in the last 10 years covered by this study were larger, started rowing at an earlier age, trained more intensely, and developed @entity615 during college than their predecessors.

title: XXXX in intercollegiate rowers.

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['Back pain', 'more back pain']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight machines']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Schwann cells (SCs) hold promise for @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) repair; however, there are limitations for its use as a lone treatment. We showed that acute inhibition of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) by @entity51549 ( @entity15882 ) was neuroprotective and enhanced function following cervical hemicontusion @entity1566 . We hypothesized that combining acute @entity15882 therapy and delayed SC engraftment would further improve neuroprotection and recovery after cervical @entity1566 . Adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity35 were randomly sorted into 5 groups: sham, vehicle, @entity15882 , SC transplantation, and @entity15882 +SC transplantation. SCs were isolated from adult green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing SD @entity35 (GFP-SCs). 200 g/kg @entity15882 (pic) was administered intraperitoneally (IP) twice daily for 7days post- @entity1566 in @entity15882 -treated groups. GFP-SCs (1*10(6) in 5 l medium) were transplanted into the lesion epicenter at the 8th day post- @entity1566 . Forelimb function was tested for 10weeks and histology was assessed. @entity15882 alone significantly reduced lesion (by 40%, p<0.05) and cavitation (by 65%, p<0.05) and improved functional recovery (p<0.05) compared to injury alone. The combination promoted similar neuroprotection (p<0.01 vs. injury); however, GFP-SCs alone did not. Both SC-transplanted groups exhibited remarkable long-term SC survival, SMI-31(+) axon ingrowth and RECA-1(+) vasculature presence in the SC graft; however, @entity15882 +SCs promoted an 89% greater axon-to-lesion ratio than SCs only. We concluded that @entity15882 likely contributed largely to the neuroprotective and functional benefits while SCs facilitated considerable host-tissue interaction and modification. The combination of the two shows promise as an attractive strategy to enhance recovery after @entity1566 .

title: Biphasic XXXX administration and Schwann cell transplantation for repair after cervical contusive @entity1566 .

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity51549 :: ('MESH:C472777', 'Chemical') :: ['bisperoxovanadium']

answer: @entity51549 :: (MESH:C472777,Chemical) :: ['bisperoxovanadium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8518 is characterized by an accumulation of @entity1434 crystals within most body tissues. Renal transplantation and oral @entity8488 have improved the general prognosis of the disease, and ocular manifestations are now the most common complication. This long-term follow-up study describes the sequence of ocular manifestations in @entity1 with @entity8518 treated with oral and topical @entity8488 . METHODS: Data were recorded for all @entity1 with @entity8518 examined between 1980 and 2000. For each @entity1 , @entity3917 and @entity227 were evaluated and slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed. For some @entity1 , an electroretinogram was also performed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 were observed during this period. They received oral and topical @entity8488 . Photophobia and loss of @entity227 generally began by 10 years of age but were severe only after 15 years of age. Peripheral corneal epithelial infiltration appeared in the first few years of life. Infiltration evolved toward the depth and center of the @entity267 during the second decade of life. @entity989 was present in 51.7% of the @entity1 , with 3 cases of @entity1020 and 3 cases of flattening on electroretinogram. CONCLUSIONS: Photophobia and @entity2687 , although generally severe after 15 years of age, could be treated with topical @entity8488 and corneal transplantation. Retinal infiltration, previously described as frequent and potentially blinding, is currently observed in only half of these @entity1 , with mild @entity227 . This could be related to the treatment with oral @entity8488 reaching the retinal vascularization.

title: Evolution of ocular manifestations in XXXX : a long-term study of a population treated with @entity8488 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity', 'visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity8488 :: ('MESH:D003543', 'Chemical') :: ['cysteamine']

entities_list: @entity8518 :: ('MESH:D003554', 'Disease') :: ['cystinosis', 'nephropathic cystinosis', 'Nephropathic cystinosis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infiltration']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['Retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['maculopathy']

entities_list: @entity3917 :: ('MESH:D020795', 'Disease') :: ['photophobia']

answer: @entity8518 :: (MESH:D003554,Disease) :: ['nephropathic cystinosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relation between serum @entity413 concentration and hospital outcome across the whole spectrum of @entity1187 . METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of 2127 @entity1 presenting with @entity1187 . The @entity1 were stratified into quartile groups (Q1 to Q4) defined by serum @entity413 concentrations of 5.8, 7.2, and 10.0 mmol/l. The relation between quartile group and major in-hospital complications was analysed. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity1 with @entity583 increased incrementally across the quartile groups, from 21.4% in Q1 to 47.9% in Q4 (p < 0.0001). The trend for frequency of in-hospital major complications was similar, particularly @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) (Q1 6.4%, Q4 25.2%, p < 0.0001) and @entity204 (Q1 0.7%, Q4 6.1%, p < 0.0001). The relations were linear, each @entity413 quartile increment being associated with an odds ratio of 1.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.27 to 1.70) for @entity1002 and 1.52 (95% CI 1.17 to 1.97) for @entity204 . Although complication rates were higher for a discharge diagnosis of @entity583 than for @entity1459 , there was no evidence that the effects of serum @entity413 concentration were different for the two groups, there being no significant interaction with discharge diagnosis in the associations between @entity413 quartile and @entity1002 (p = 0.69) or @entity204 (p = 0.17). Similarly there was no significant interaction with @entity6 status in the associations between @entity413 quartile and @entity1002 (p = 0.08) or @entity204 (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Admission glycaemia stratified @entity1 with @entity1187 according to their risk of in-hospital @entity1002 and cardiac mortality. There was no detectable glycaemic threshold for these adverse effects. The prognostic correlates of admission glycaemia were unaffected by @entity6 status and did not differ significantly between @entity1 with @entity583 and those with @entity1459 .

title: A single serum @entity413 measurement predicts adverse outcomes across the whole range of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndromes']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure', 'LVF']

answer: @entity1187 :: (MESH:D054058,Disease) :: ['acute coronary syndromes']


abstract: Exogenously administered vasopressors (sympathomimetics) were evaluated in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 to determine the effects of these drugs on cardiovascular function before and after @entity548 . Six @entity235 were anesthetized with thiamylal @entity1372 (20 mg/kg of body weight) and @entity1508 (1.25 minimal alveolar concentration) in 100% @entity26 . After instrumentation, cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), left ventricular pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, and an index of cardiac contractility (dP/dT) were measured. @entity64 volume, cardiac index (CI), @entity64 index (SI), rate-pressure product, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) were calculated. @entity1425 (0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) and @entity452 (1, 5, and 10 micrograms/kg/min [low, medium, and high doses, respectively]) were infused. @entity7202 was given in a bolus of 0.22 mg/kg, IV. All measurements were taken at 2.5 minutes after infusion, and were repeated after removal of 40% of the estimated blood volume. @entity452 administered at the low dose before @entity548 increased SAP and dP/dT. At the high and medium dose, @entity452 significantly increased CI, dP/dT, and SAP, with no significant change in HR or SVR. The medium dose of @entity1425 was the most effective dose of @entity1425 at increasing key variables (CI, SI, dP/dT). The response of CI and SI to this dose was not significantly different from the changes seen with high-dose administration of @entity452 . The dP/dT was significantly lower with @entity1425 than with @entity452 , and SVR and HR were unchanged with @entity1425 , except at the low dose, which decreased SVR.

title: Cardiovascular effects of vasopressors in @entity1508 -anesthetized @entity235 before and after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7202 :: ('MESH:D008729', 'Chemical') :: ['Methoxamine']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity1508 :: ('MESH:D006221', 'Chemical') :: ['halothane']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3595 Lanka was the first country in the Southeast Asian region to achieve its measles elimination goal in 2011. In 2012, the measles immunization schedule changed from a measles vaccine at 9  months to a measles, mumps and @entity2462 vaccine at 12  months. However in 2013, @entity3595 Lanka reported its worst recent outbreak of measles. This study investigated a part of this outbreak in order to describe its epidemiology. METHODS: A prospective study was carried out at the university medical unit of the @entity580 ( @entity580 ), the third largest hospital in @entity3595 Lanka, from October 2013 until March 2014. An epidemiological profile of @entity1 was constructed, case confirmation was done on all suspected cases and the basic demographic details of these suspected cases were obtained from the available records. RESULTS: From January 2013 to March 2014, 101 measles suspects were admitted to the @entity580 . Until June 2013, all suspected cases were aged below 12  months of age. During the study period (15  months), the total number of @entity1 aged below 9  months, 9 to 12  months, 1 to 11  years, 12-29  years and over 29  years were 10 (9.9  %), 11 (10.9  %), 6 (5.9  %), 37 (36.6  %) and 36 (35.6  %), respectively (data missing-1). Out of the 33 @entity1 clinically suspected, 32 tested positive for measles. Common clinical features included: fever (n   =   33, 100  %), maculopapular @entity1910 (n   =   33), @entity2024 (n   =   31), posterior cervical @entity3329 (n   =   23) and Koplik's spots (n   =   8). Features suggestive of @entity55 were observed among 30 (90.9  %) @entity1 and 26 (78.8  %) had @entity294 . Two @entity1 (6.1  %) who developed severe @entity55 received care at an intensive care unit due to respiratory difficulties. Out of 33 @entity1 , 15 (45.5  %) had prior immunization for measles, two (6.1  %) reported that they never had a measles immunization and 16 (48.5  %) were unsure about their immunization status. Out of those who reported they were previously immunized, 11 (73.3  %) belonged to the age group of 12-29  years. CONCLUSION: Because the first cases of this outbreak were @entity1 , an increase in susceptible @entity1 due to the change in the vaccine schedule could partly explain the outbreak.

title: The 2013 measles outbreak in XXXX Lanka: experience from a rural district and implications for measles elimination goals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity3329 :: ('MESH:D008206', 'Disease') :: ['lymphadenopathy']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['THA', 'Teaching Hospital, Anuradhapura']

answer: @entity3595 :: (6717,Gene) :: ['Sri']


abstract: PURPOSE: Our goals are to establish an in vitro screening system and to evaluate a new approach in improving oral absorption of peptides and peptide-like drugs by overexpression of the @entity1 intestinal oligopeptide transporter ( @entity37537 ). This study characterizes the expression of @entity37537 in @entity1 intestinal Caco-2 cells, @entity35 intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-18), and @entity1 cervix epithelial cells (Hela) after adenoviral transduction. METHODS: A recombinant replication-deficient adenovirus carrying the @entity37537 gene was made and used as a vector for the expression of @entity37537 . The increase in the uptake permeability of @entity7265 and @entity36900 was determined. The effects of time, dose, apical pH, and substrate specificity were evaluated. RESULTS: A significant increase in the uptake permeability of @entity36900 and @entity7265 was found in all three cell lines after viral transduction. The increase of @entity36900 permeability in Hela. IEC-18, and Caco-2 cells was 85-, 46-, and 15-fold respectively. Immunoblotting using an antibody against @entity37537 detected high levels of a 85-98-kDa protein in all three infected cell lines. Substrate permeability was dependent on time of @entity281 , inward pH gradients, and multiplicity of @entity281 (MOI). @entity281 and lower @entity37537 expression were observed in differentiated Caco-2 cells. The uptake was inhibited by @entity9881 and @entity3405 antibiotics but not @entity1522 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity281 Hela cells displayed a pronounced level of @entity37537 expression with a low background and high specificity to @entity9881 . These features make this system a useful tool for screening of potential substrates. The success of overexpression of @entity37537 in Caco-2 and IEC-18 cells may lead to a novel approach in improving oral absorption of peptides and peptidornimetic drugs.

title: Overexpression of XXXX intestinal oligopeptide transporter in @entity1 cells via adenoviral transduction.

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoviral infected', 'infection', 'Decreased infectivity']

entities_list: @entity7265 :: ('MESH:D002506', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalexin']

entities_list: @entity9881 :: ('MESH:D004151', 'Chemical') :: ['dipeptides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Eight hundred sixty-five @entity1 with confirmed @entity420 of the endometrium were studied. Eight hundred eleven were followed up for at least 5 years or until death, and 537 were followed up for 10 years. The survival rate was 77.1% at 5 years and 61.0% at 10 years. Age at diagnosis was the single most important clinical determinant of survival. @entity5 grade was an important predictor of the course of disease, and nuclear grade was a significantly more accurate indicator than was histologic grade. Stage and depth of invasion were also important predictors of survival. The 5-year survival rate for black @entity1 was only 41.9%. Stage for stage and grade for grade, @entity1 undergoing hysterectomy alone and with radiation had similar survival rates. Adenoacanthoma had a better prognosis that did @entity420 without @entity1544 ; there were no deaths at 5 to 10 years in @entity1 diagnosed before age 50. The subtype of @entity189 was found to be a highly significant predictor of prognosis.

title: Carcinoma of the endometrium. III. Analysis of 865 cases of XXXX and adenoacanthoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: The paper examines the informational value of positron emission tomography (PET) using 18FDG in the diagnosis of @entity5 of the pancreas and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic involvement. Forty-four @entity1 (26 males and 18 females whose age ranged from 28 to 60 years) with histologically verified @entity788 were examined. The study was conducted in the whole body mode on an Ecat Exact 47 positron emission tomograph following 70-90 minutes of administration of @entity419 , 370-420 MBk. To assess the findings, the differential accumulation ratio (DAR) of formation/liver was calculated. The mean DAR in @entity1 with benign and malignant @entity788 was 1.17 +/- 0.064 and 4.90 +/- 0.3 (p < 0.05). There was a false positive case in a @entity1 with an exacerbation of chronic @entity788 in the study. A relationship was observed between the level of @entity5 tissue 18FDG capture and the degree of @entity5 . PET scanning in the whole body mode estimates the extent of a tumorous process. The authors' data show that the liver was most commonly involved in a metastatic process (96.6%). Hence, 18FDG PET is a highly informative technique in the diagnosis of malignant @entity788 and in the estimation of the extent of a metastatic process and permits a differential diagnosis between benign and @entity5 .

title: [Assessment of 18FDG PET for diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant of neoplasms', 'malignant tumors', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cancer of the pancreas', 'pancreatitis', 'pancreatic tumors']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic tumors']


abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiography at rest was used to analyze segmental wall motion abnormalities for detecting @entity453 in @entity1 with and without a history of @entity583 . One hundred twenty-five echocardiograms were analyzed in a randomized, blinded fashion. They were obtained from 55 consecutive @entity1 found to have significant @entity453 at angiography, 59 consecutive normal subjects and 11 @entity1 with @entity384 . The overall sensitivity of two-dimensional echocardiography was relatively low at 67%. However, specificity was 99%. The sensitivity was higher in @entity1 with past @entity583 than in those without @entity583 (81 versus 42%), as expected. Echocardiography can detect segmental wall motion abnormalities in some @entity1 with @entity453 and no overt prior @entity583 . This was highlighted by nine such @entity1 with @entity453 and no prior @entity583 or electrocardiographic Q waves who were found to have segmental wall motion abnormalities. A semiquantitative, two-dimensional echocardiographic segmental wall motion score was derived for 47 @entity1 and was correlated with angiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (r = 0.71). This score differentiated @entity1 with a normal ejection fraction (greater than 50%) from those with a depressed ejection fraction (less than 50%): 1.1 +/- 1.6 versus 6.9 +/- 3.1 (p less than 0.001). Almost all @entity1 (92%) with an echocardiographic score of five or more had an abnormal ejection fraction of less than 50%. In @entity1 with chronic @entity712 , the echocardiogram separated those with @entity384 from those with @entity453 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Value of two-dimensional echocardiography in evaluating XXXX : a randomized blinded analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Primary @entity2220 remains a @entity66 . Gene-expression phenotypes (GEPs) in @entity420 have potential to provide clinically relevant disease stratification for improved prognosis and treatment prediction, given appropriate clinical and methodologic validation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: 2,395 transcriptional @entity420 profiles were assembled from 17 public cohorts and classified by a nearest centroid @entity21864 classifier into three subtypes: terminal respiratory unit (TRU), proximal-proliferative, and proximal-inflammatory, and additionally scored by five transcriptional metagenes representing different biologic processes, including proliferation. Prognostic- and chemotherapy-predictive associations of the subtypes were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analysis using overall survival or distant metastasis-free survival as endpoints. RESULTS: Overall, GEPs were associated with @entity1 outcome in both univariate and multivariate analyses, although not in all individual cohorts. The prognostically relevant division was between TRU- and non-TRU-classified cases, with expression of proliferation-associated genes as a key prognostic component. In contrast, @entity21864 classification was not predictive of adjuvant chemotherapy response. @entity21864 classification showed stability to random perturbations of genes or samples and alterations to classification procedures (typically <10% of cases/cohort switching subtype). High classification variability (>20% of cases switching subtype) was observed when removing larger or entire fractions of a single subtype, due to gene-centering shifts not addressable by the classifier. CONCLUSIONS: In a large-scale evaluation, we show that GEPs add prognostic value to standard clinicopathologic variables in @entity2220 . Subject to classifier refinement and confirmation in prospective cohorts, GEPs have potential to affect the prognostication of @entity420 @entity1 through a molecularly driven disease stratification. Clin Cancer Res; 1-12.   2015 AACR.

title: Prognostic and Chemotherapy Predictive Value of Gene-Expression Phenotypes in Primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['deadly disease']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['Lung Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity957 of the male @entity18485 is a rare @entity5 that accounts for 70% of primary @entity5 of the @entity18485 . The present study reviews our experience of 5 years in the diagnosis and treatment of this @entity5 type. METHODS: From 1991 to 1994, we diagnosed and treated 5 male @entity1 with @entity957 of the @entity18485 ; mean age 58 years (range 43 to 76 years). The @entity5 was localized in the bulbomembranous @entity18485 in 3 cases (60%) and in the penile @entity18485 in the remaining 2 cases (40%). All @entity1 presented with @entity3832 following treatment (internal urethrotomy and dilatation). The @entity5 of the posterior @entity18485 were Levine stage C and D at the time of diagnosis, while those of the anterior @entity18485 were Levine stage B and C. RESULTS: Two @entity1 with @entity5 in the posterior @entity18485 underwent radical cystoprostatourethrectomy and bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy, whereas the remaining @entity1 underwent emasculation or urethrectomy. @entity1 survival has ranged from 1 to 2.5 years at the present time. One @entity1 with @entity5 in the bulbous @entity18485 has died despite postoperative radio and chemotherapy, the outcome has been poor in another @entity1 with @entity5 in the posterior @entity18485 and no progression has been observed in the remaining @entity1 at present. CONCLUSIONS: a) @entity3832 with a torpid course and localized complications ( @entity292 , @entity733 , etc.) following standard therapy have been the only widely accepted etiologic factors that we have observed in our @entity1 ; b) This @entity5 type must be suspected since treatment by radical surgery will have some likelihood of success if the @entity189 is diagnosed early, while it is still localized; c) To date, radio and chemotherapy have achieved poor results, the former being effective in @entity5 of the penile @entity18485 only when given at a high dose; d) @entity1 generally die from localized complications, @entity5 recurrence, or lymph node @entity3 ( @entity295 , @entity548 , etc.).

title: [ @entity957 of the male XXXX . Our experience in 5 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['Epidermoid carcinoma', 'epidermoid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['periurethral abscess']

entities_list: @entity3832 :: ('MESH:D014525', 'Disease') :: ['urethral stricture and complications', 'Urethral stricture']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity18485 :: (MESH:D014523,Disease) :: ['urethra']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To predict, using clinical and qMRI data, the incidence of total knee replacement (TKR) during the long-term follow-up of @entity626 ( @entity571 ) @entity1 who formerly received chondroitin sulfate (CS) or placebo treatment. DESIGN: A post hoc intention-to-treat analysis to evaluate the incidence of TKR was done on knee @entity571 @entity1 who had participated in a 12-month trial evaluating the impact of CS (800 mg/d) versus placebo for 6 months, followed by a 6-month open-phase in which all @entity1 received CS. Additionally, the clinical and qMRI predictors of TKR were determined. RESULTS: Thirteen TKRs were performed in the population after a 4-year follow-up. More TKRs were performed in the placebo group than in the CS group (69% vs. 31%, P = 0.150, logistic regression). The statistically significant predictors of TKRs were, at baseline, higher WOMAC @entity158 and function scores, presence of @entity236 ( @entity236 ), and higher @entity1851 levels. Loss of medial cartilage volume and increase in WOMAC @entity158 and function at one-year were also predictors of TKR. Multivariate analyses revealed that baseline presence of BML and higher WOMAC @entity158 score were independent predictors. Time to occurrence of the TKR also favored the CS group versus placebo (log-rank, P = 0.094). CONCLUSION: Symptoms such as knee @entity158 and function, presence of BML, and cartilage @entity393 predict the long-term occurrence of a "hard" outcome such as TKR.

title: Total Knee Replacement as a XXXX Outcome: Predictors Derived from a 4-Year Long-Term Observation following a Randomized Clinical Trial Using Chondroitin Sulfate.

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow lesions', 'BMLs']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['volume loss']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['Knee Osteoarthritis']


abstract: Enveloped viruses, e.g. @entity992 viruses may cause highly contagious airborne @entity281 . Their spread is difficult to control, also in hospitals. In the case of @entity683 and varicella immune prophylaxis and chemotherapy/chemoprophylaxis are possible. This is of particular significance, since varicella and zoster are of increasing importance for immunocompromized @entity1 . @entity294 is caused to a large extent by viruses. @entity6425 play an important role in infancy, and are frequently acquired in the hospital. In a study on @entity1902 of @entity1 in a hospital we were able to show that 30 percent of all @entity6425 were of nosocomial origin. Admission of a rotavirus-excreting @entity1 (or personnel) may start a long chain of @entity6425 on pediatric wards. Even careful hygienic measures in the hospital can hardly prevent the spread of @entity9488 . @entity281 may be severe and lethal for newborns, as shown by us in a study on an outbreak of echovirus 11 disease on a maternity ward. We have recently obtained data on the "stickiness" of enteroviruses on @entity1 skin. This could explain essential features of the spread of enteroviruses in the population.

title: [Nosocomial virus XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity9488 :: ('MESH:D004769', 'Disease') :: ['enterovirus infections']

entities_list: @entity992 :: ('MESH:D002644', 'Disease') :: ['influenza- or varicella']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['infectious gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Such infections', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity6425 :: ('MESH:D012400', 'Disease') :: ['rotavirus infections', 'Rotavirus infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infections']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare T2-weighted breath-hold single-shot fast @entity9468 ( @entity9468 ) and @entity2287 -enhanced spoiled gradient-echo (GRE) MR imaging with contrast material administered orally and rectally for evaluating @entity1 with @entity30 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity30 received 2% @entity6680 and water enema. The abdomen and pelvis were imaged with transverse and coronal single-shot fast @entity9468 and @entity2287 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging. Two radiologists reviewed the two types of images for @entity29 . The extent, severity, and conspicuity of the disease were determined. Proof of @entity29 at MR imaging was compared with that at endoscopy, barium study, and surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the McNemar test. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 28 @entity1 had proven abnormal bowel segments. The per- @entity1 sensitivity of @entity2287 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging for the two radiologists was 100% and 96% versus 60% and 60% (P <.05) with single-shot fast @entity9468 MR imaging. @entity2287 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR images depicted more segments (54 and 52 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 89% and 85%, respectively) of the diseased bowel than did single-shot fast @entity9468 MR images (31 and 32 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 51% and 52%, respectively; P <.001). Severity of @entity30 was correctly depicted at @entity2287 -enhanced spoiled GRE imaging in 93% of @entity1 versus in 43% of @entity1 at single-shot fast @entity9468 imaging. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity30 , @entity2287 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled GRE MR imaging better depicted the extent and severity of @entity1944 compared with single-shot fast @entity9468 imaging.

title: @entity30 with endoscopic correlation: single-shot fast XXXX and @entity2287 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal disease']

entities_list: @entity6680 :: ('MESH:D001466', 'Chemical') :: ['barium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['Gadolinium', 'gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['Crohn disease']

answer: @entity9468 :: (MESH:D014717,Disease) :: ['spin-echo']


abstract: Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand and is a very potent antiresorptive drug. Its efficacy in reducing the risk of vertebral, hip and nonskeletal fracture has been proven in a large prospective, randomized multicenter study of 7808 postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 [ @entity174 Reduction Evaluation of Denosumab in @entity170 Every 6 Months (FREEDOM) trial]. Denosumab causes somewhat greater increases in bone mineral density (BMD) than the class of @entity5520 antiresorptives. Denosumab also causes an increase in bone mass and bone strength in the spine, ultradistal and diaphysis of the radius, proximal tibia and the hip. Recently long-term treatment with denosumab has been shown to cause a continued almost linear increase in total hip and femoral neck BMD beyond 3 years up to 8 years. In this respect, denosumab seems to differ from the @entity5520 group in which the rate of improvement of BMD diminishes and for some drugs becomes negative after 3-4 years when the process of secondary mineralization flattens out. This unique property of an antiresorptive drug points towards mechanisms of action which differ from the @entity5520 group. Both types of antiresorptives decrease cortical porosity but contrary to bisphosphonates the reduction in cortical porosity continues with denosumab which, in addition, also seems to cause a slight continuous modeling-based formation of new bone despite suppression of bone remodeling. The net effect is an increase in cortical thickening and bone mass, and increased strength of cortical bone. This may contribute substantially to the significant further reduction of the nonvertebral fracture risk which was found in the long-term denosumab arm of the FREEDOM extension trial during years 4-7.

title: Effects of denosumab on bone density, mass and strength in XXXX with @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity5520 :: ('D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonate']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: miRNAs play crucial roles in @entity1 tumourigenesis. This study was performed to measure expression and function of @entity71694 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of @entity71694 in breast tissues and cell lines (SK-BR-3, DA-MB-435s, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, HBL-100) was measured by using real-time RT-PCR. We restored expression of @entity71694 in MCF-7 cells to measure its functional roles. Luciferase assays were performed to reveal the target gene of @entity71694 . RESULTS: Expression of @entity71694 was high in both @entity0 cell lines and specimens, and its overexpression increased @entity0 cell proliferation and invasion. @entity26242 ( @entity26242 ) is a direct target of @entity71694 and overexpression of @entity71694 reduced expression of @entity26242 . Moreover, @entity26242 was repressed, its levels inversely correlated to @entity71694 expression. @entity26242 rescued @entity71694 -induced cell invasion and proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity71694 @entity5 effect was achieved by targeting @entity26242 in @entity1 @entity0 specimens.

title: microRNA-762 promotes XXXX cell proliferation and invasion by targeting @entity26242 expression.

entities_list: @entity26242 :: ('3665', 'Gene') :: ['Interferon regulatory factor 7', 'IRF7']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: For an increasing number of @entity28 @entity1 , bariatric surgery is considered as the treatment of choice after the failure of conventional strategies. While numerous studies on bariatric surgery have shown substantial health benefits, there is a broad inter-individual variation in the long-term outcome, which is insufficiently understood. Here we show a favourable long-term outcome following multidisciplinary care in a @entity6629 @entity1 . The @entity1 suffered from numerous typically @entity28 -associated comorbidities and limitations. He underwent multidisciplinary care including two-step bariatric intervention. Endoscopic intragastric balloon positioning was followed by @entity356 without Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. His body weight dropped from 260   kg (body mass index [BMI] 79.4   kg   m(-2) ) to 85   kg (BMI 25.9   kg   m(-2) ) within 16 months and continued to be stable at 90   kg (BMI 27.8   kg   m(-2) ) at the end of the follow-up period of 48 months. The loss of excess body weight was associated with the remission of numerous @entity28 -related comorbidities and with a concomitant pronounced increase in the quality of life and in the socioeconomic status. Eventually, the @entity1 was able to lead a normal life with a decreased risk of long-term complications. We attribute the positive long-term outcome to the following potential determinants: individualized bariatric surgery, multidisciplinary care, the @entity1 's long-term compliance, adequate adherence to the aftercare, physical exercise after surgery, family support, the cooperation of the primary care physician and the financial coverage by the health insurance. Some of these factors remain to be evaluated as predictors of a favourable long-term outcome in prospective trials.

title: A model case of a positive outcome in super-super XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6629 :: ('MESH:C535318', 'Disease') :: ['super-super-obese']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric sleeve surgery']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: @entity827 is an @entity66 in Catalonia, Spain. A new spotted @entity221 group (SFG) rickettsial strain (Bar29) of unknown pathogenicity for @entity1 was isolated by our group, in 1996, from the @entity235 brown tick, @entity278 . Interestingly, @entity7587 was not isolated in this study. The aim of the present study was to assess the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain. To this purpose, serum samples from 15 @entity1 with @entity827 were obtained and tested by immunofluorescence for antibodies against four related rickettsial strains ( @entity7587 , @entity26357 , @entity39340 , and Bar29). Eight of the studied sera reacted at high titers with only @entity7587 and Bar29 antigens. For five of the eight sera, the titers against Bar29 were clearly higher than for @entity7587 . Four of these sera were also studied by Western blot immunoassay to confirm a specific response. Two of these sera reacted with the high-molecular-mass specific proteins of Bar29 as well as with the low-molecular-mass region ( @entity558 antigen) whereas their reactions with @entity7587 were located only on bands of the @entity558 . This specific response would support the possible pathogenic role of the Bar29 strain for @entity1 . According to this finding, spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and rickettsial strain Bar29 may be present in our area. The epidemiological implications of spotted @entity221 caused by @entity7587 and by rickettsial strain Bar29 in the Catalonia deserve further studies with isolation and characterization of more rickettsial strains.

title: Serosurvey among @entity827 XXXX of a new spotted @entity221 group rickettsial strain (Bar29).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['endemic disease']

entities_list: @entity827 :: ('MESH:D010505', 'Disease') :: ['Mediterranean spotted fever']

entities_list: @entity278 :: ('34632', 'Species') :: ['Rhipicephalus sanguineus']

entities_list: @entity7587 :: ('781', 'Species') :: ['Rickettsia conorii', 'R. conorii']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The recognition and treatment of @entity308 is a challenging area of clinical practice, especially in primary care where there are many @entity1 with various presentations and a multitude of causes for distress. The prevalence of @entity308 is increasing, and it is predicted to become second only to @entity299 as a cause of morbidity worldwide. Fortunately, the research evidence on effective approaches is increasing. This article looks at how we can best identify, treat and understand the perspectives of @entity1 with @entity308 who are seen in primary care. Simple questionnaires can provide effective screening in generalist settings, particularly when targeting high-risk groups such as those with @entity65 or recurrent unexplained symptoms. Guidelines now exist for use of antidepressants and cognitive behavioural therapy for mild to moderate @entity308 , although the latter needs effective policy implementation in clinical practice to maximise its impact for @entity1 . However, there is also consistent evidence from service users that @entity1 with @entity308 want individualised care which takes into account their preferences and concerns, even if this entails departure from guidelines. Adherence to treatment is low in many studies, and remodelling of services can easily lead to gaps in consistent approaches to personal care. The research challenges for the future include clarification of which @entity1 groups merit proactive screening, how to enhance adherence, and the relative merits and outcomes of pharmacological versus behavioural therapies. Changes in policy and service configuration can improve or destabilise effective care, but high-quality and flexible intervention with @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity308 is likely to be cost-effective in view of the high prevalence and disease burden of this distressing problem.

title: XXXX in primary care: three key challenges.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular comorbidity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic heart disease']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We reviewed our experience with iatrogenic chylothorax after pulmonary resections for @entity2 to evaluate our treatment strategy and to identify factors that predict the need for reoperation. METHODS: From July 1992 through February 2000, a total of 1110 @entity1 underwent pulmonary resection (at least lobectomy) and systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection for @entity2 at our division. Twenty-seven @entity1 (2.4%) had postoperative chylothorax develop. We initially treated 26 of these @entity1 conservatively with complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition, and these @entity1 constituted the subjects in this study. RESULTS: There were 21 @entity1 and 5 @entity1 with a median age of 62 years (range 44 to 80 years). The initial procedures were pneumonectomy in 2 cases, bilobectomy in 1 case, and lobectomy in 23 cases. Twenty-one @entity1 (81%) had the condition cured with conservative treatment. These @entity1 resumed a normal diet at a median of 8 days after chylothorax diagnosis (range 4-35 days). The remaining 5 @entity1 (19%) underwent reoperation at a median of 14 days after diagnosis (range 5-35 days). Chest tube drainage of less than 500 mL during the first 24 hours after complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition predicted a cure with conservative treatment. CONCLUSION: Although most cases of chylothorax after pulmonary resection with systematic mediastinal lymph node dissection can be cured with a conservative strategy, early surgical intervention may be indicated if chest tube drainage is more than 500 mL during the first 24 hours after complete oral intake cessation and total parenteral nutrition.

title: Treatment strategy for chylothorax after pulmonary resection and lymph node dissection for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity2553 is a well recognized complication during microvascular surgery of the hand. In the search for new spasmolytic drug therapies, the effects of @entity3302 , @entity1854 , @entity3931 and @entity3303 on isolated @entity1 hand veins contracted by several postulated mediators of @entity2553 were examined. Mechanical activity was recorded isometrically in ring segments of the vessels. @entity972 ions, @entity1063 (NA), @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha) all produced strong contractions that were highly dependent on the presence of extracellular @entity141 . @entity3302 acted as a nonselective vasodilator, as it produced an almost identical inhibition of contractile responses to all examined stimulants. @entity1854 inhibited contractions induced by agonists more than those evoked by K+, whereas the opposite was found for @entity3931 . @entity1854 also seemed to display a certain degree of selectivity among the agonist-induced responses (NA greater than PGF2 alpha greater than @entity750 ). @entity3303 increased the contractile response to K+ and at high concentrations (greater than 10(-5) M) produced a contraction per se. The clinical efficacy of @entity3303 as a vasodilator after topical application therefore seems to reflect an inhibitory action on vasoconstrictor nerves. @entity3302 , @entity1854 , @entity3931 and @entity3303 differ considerably in their profiles of action and therefore deserve to be further evaluated in the treatment of @entity2553 during microvascular surgery.

title: Actions of some vasodilators on isolated XXXX hand veins.

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitroprusside', 'nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3931 :: ('MESH:D009553', 'Chemical') :: ['nimodipine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine', 'Lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['Papaverine', 'papaverine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['5-hydroxytryptamine', '5-HT']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity2553 :: ('MESH:D020301', 'Disease') :: ['Vasospasm', 'vasospasm']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of annealing treatments on the mechanical properties of @entity6886 sutures, and their subsequent influence on @entity6987 degradation properties. An attempt was made to develop a better understanding of the degradation mechanism of synthetic absorbable sutures, including the relationship of their structure, morphology, and mechanical properties. @entity6987 sutures were annealed under selected axial strain (freely hung, 0%, 1%, 10%), at four temperatures (150 degrees C, 170 degrees C, 180 degrees C, 190 degrees C), and two times (5 and 20 min). The annealed @entity6987 specimens were then subjected to hydrolysis in @entity1391 -buffer solutions (pH = 7.4) for up to 28 days at 37 degrees C. Tensile properties were used to evaluate the effect of annealing treatments. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using the SAS system. All of the one-, and many of the two- and three-factor interactions were found to be statistically significant. Annealing treatments did alter the mechanical properties of @entity6987 sutures, as well as their degradation properties. Except for the increase in tenacity of samples with increasing percent extension, all other respects of the annealing treatments resulted in lower tenacity and breaking elongation when compared with the control samples. Sutures that have been exposed to any level of axial tension during annealing, however, exhibited a lower rate of hydrolytic degradation than the freely hung suture samples. The reduction of the characteristics of fiber structure due to the tendency of the tie-chain molecules to acquire the less constrained conformations and thus to bring the crystal blocks they connect back to the original arrangement before drawing is believed to be responsible for the freely hung specimens to behave quite differently from the clamped and stressed @entity6987 samples.

title: The effect of annealing treatments on the tensile properties and hydrolytic degradative properties of XXXX sutures.

entities_list: @entity6886 :: ('CHEBI:53492', 'Chemical') :: ['polyglycolic acid']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity6886 :: (CHEBI:53492,Chemical) :: ['polyglycolic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of first targeted therapy on outcomes with second targeted therapy for metastatic @entity1358 is not well known. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes for @entity1 receiving a second targeted therapy with @entity2239 by type of first targeted therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Data were drawn from 3 separate retrospective chart reviews conducted in 2011, 2012, and 2014. Inclusion criteria and study design were similar across the 3 studies. To be included in this analysis, @entity1 had to meet the following criteria: aged  >=  18 years; received first targeted therapy with @entity6219 , @entity2240 , or @entity2857 ; and received second targeted therapy with @entity2239 . Overall survival, time to treatment failure, and time to treatment discontinuation outcomes were measured from second targeted therapy initiation. Outcomes were compared among treatment groups by Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics. Hazard ratios for overall survival, time to treatment failure, and time to treatment discontinuation obtained from the 3 chart reviews were synthesized in meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 696 @entity1 treated with @entity2239 as second targeted therapy, 605 @entity1 received first targeted therapy with @entity2240 / @entity2857 and 91 with @entity6219 . After synthesizing the hazard ratios from all studies in meta-analyses, there were no significant differences in study outcomes between @entity1 receiving @entity2240 / @entity2857 versus those receiving @entity6219 as first targeted therapy. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences among outcomes while receiving second targeted therapy with @entity2239 for @entity1 treated with @entity6219 versus @entity2240 / @entity2857 as first targeted therapy.

title: Real-World Effectiveness of XXXX Subsequent to Different First Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of @entity1358 : Synthesis of Retrospective Chart Reviews.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity6219 :: ('MESH:C516667', 'Chemical') :: ['pazopanib']

entities_list: @entity2240 :: ('MESH:C473478', 'Chemical') :: ['sunitinib']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['everolimus']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity2239 :: (MESH:C107135,Chemical) :: ['Everolimus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate @entity393 in @entity3124 @entity1 with @entity810 during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) and analysis the major factor impacting protein clearance. METHODS: A analysis was carried out in eighteen (twelve male and six female) @entity295 or severe acute @entity788 @entity1 with @entity810 from September 2008 to September 2009. The average age was 45 years (39 - 62 years). CVVH was conducted for 24 h in all @entity1 . Effluent volume, blood speed, ultrafiltration rate and transmembrane pressure ( @entity1597 ) were 4000 ml/h, (277    89) ml/h, (179    4) ml/min and (173    48) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) respectively. Blood samples were collected before and after filtration in order to detect protein concentration. Ultrafiltrate was obtained hourly to measure protein concentration and calculate @entity393 during session. RESULTS: Mean protein concentration was (231    67) mg/L and @entity393 was (22    6) g/d in ultrafiltrate samples. The difference in serum protein level during hemofiltration was not significant [(56    6) g/L vs. (55    10) g/L, P > 0.05], while there was a weak, but statistically significant correlation between the ultrafiltrate protein concentration and the corresponding value for serum protein (r = 0.481, P < 0.05). However, there was a strong and statistically significant correlation between the ultrafiltrate protein concentration and the @entity1597 (r = 0.564, P < 0.01). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that @entity1597 and serum protein concentration played a pivotal role in ultrafiltrate @entity393 . CONCLUSIONS: In addition to renal replacement therapy, serum protein would be cleared through hemofilter during CVVH. @entity1597 and serum protein concentration are the main factors that affect @entity393 in ultrafiltrate. As a result, it is necessary to take account of the @entity393 in ultrafiltrate when setting nutritional schedule.

title: [Protein loss in XXXX @entity1 during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critically ill']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute renal failure']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['protein loss']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['critically ill']


abstract: The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major source of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) under pathological conditions including @entity741 and reperfusion. Limitation of electron transport by the inhibitor @entity3788 immediately before @entity63 decreases the production of ROS in cardiac myocytes and reduces damage to mitochondria. We asked if ROS generation by intact mitochondria during the oxidation of complex I substrates ( @entity2227 , @entity2388 / @entity5910 ) occurred from complex I or III. ROS production by mitochondria of @entity35 hearts and corresponding submitochondrial particles was studied. ROS were measured as @entity274 using the amplex red assay. In mitochondria oxidizing complex I substrates, @entity3788 inhibition did not increase @entity274 . Oxidation of complex I or II substrates in the presence of @entity8581 markedly increased @entity274 . @entity3788 prevented @entity8581 -induced @entity274 production in mitochondria with complex I substrates but not with complex II substrates. @entity12609 scavenged @entity274 . In contrast to intact mitochondria, blockade of complex I with @entity3788 markedly increased @entity274 production from submitochondrial particles oxidizing the complex I substrate @entity2125 . ROS are produced from complex I by the @entity2125 dehydrogenase located in the matrix side of the inner membrane and are dissipated in mitochondria by matrix antioxidant defense. However, in submitochondrial particles devoid of antioxidant defense ROS from complex I are available for detection. In mitochondria, complex III is the principal site for ROS generation during the oxidation of complex I substrates, and @entity3788 protects by limiting electron flow into complex III.

title: Production of reactive XXXX species by mitochondria: central role of complex III.

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity3788 :: ('MESH:D012402', 'Chemical') :: ['rotenone', 'Rotenone']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8581 :: ('MESH:D000968', 'Chemical') :: ['antimycin A']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rat']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate exposure-response relationships between occupational mechanical exposures and risk of reoperation after @entity169 . METHODS: Using register information, we identified all @entity1 born in Denmark 1938-1988, who had their first @entity169 1998-2008, and who were 18-65  years old and active in the labour market at the time of surgery. The Danish @entity547 Database provided information on repairs and reoperations. We used registered occupational codes and a job exposure matrix based on experts' ratings to estimate total load lifted per day, frequency of heavy lifting, and number of hours per day spent standing/walking. We also obtained register information on sickness absence. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 34,822 @entity1 . We did not reveal exposure-response relationships between occupational mechanical exposures and the hazard ratio (HR) of reoperation. The percentage of @entity1 with >2  weeks of sickness absence within 8  weeks after surgery increased with total load lifted per day from 15 to 53  %. Longer sickness absence was associated with an increased HR of reoperation, but within strata of sickness absence, we found no increase in the HR of reoperation with increasing exposures. CONCLUSION: We did not find indications that the HR of reoperation was related to occupational mechanical exposures, even after accounting for a potential protective effect of sickness absence. Hence, the exposure-related prolonged duration of sickness absence could not be explained by exposure-related complications that led to reoperation.

title: Occupational mechanical exposures and reoperation after first-time XXXX : a prognosis study in a male cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia repair']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia repair']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the @entity8 in chronic @entity42845 @entity8 (AAN) and the protective effects of Cozaar. METHODS: Male @entity35 were randomized into three groups. @entity35 in the model group received Caulis Aristolochiae manshuriensis (CAM) decoction by gavage (10 mL/kg/day); those in the Cozaar group were gavaged with CAM and Cozaar (33.3 mg/kg/day); and those in the control group only received an equal daily volume of saline solution by gavage. Kidney tissues were observed under a light and electron microscope. @entity6098 , @entity4124 , and @entity21405 ( @entity21405 ) were determined by immunohistochemistry, and expressions of @entity71498 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) mRNA were monitored via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: (1) The kidney tissue injury in the chronic AAN model group was apparent, compared to the normal structure in the normal control group, and the Cozaar group showed relieved injury. (2) The expression of @entity4124 in the model group was elevated, while expressions of @entity21405 and @entity6098 were decreased (p < 0.05). Cozaar lessened @entity4124 expression (p < 0.05) and promoted @entity21405 and @entity6098 expressions (p < 0.05). (3) Real-time PCR demonstrated a downregulation of @entity34313 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 mRNA (p < 0.05) and an upregulation of @entity18174 mRNA (p < 0.01) in the renocortex, while Cozaar upregulated the expression of @entity34313 , @entity26081 , @entity21405 , and @entity6667 mRNA (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity8 was observed in chronic AAN, which was hypothetically correlated with a lack in the expressions of @entity34313 , @entity21405 , @entity26081 , and @entity6667 and an excess in @entity4124 and @entity18174 . Cozaar can significantly ameliorate the @entity8 and protect renal function.

title: @entity8 in chronic aristolochic acid XXXX and protective effects of Cozaar.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'renal microvascular injury', 'Renal microvascular injury']

entities_list: @entity42845 :: ('MESH:C000228', 'Chemical') :: ['aristolochic acid']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats', 'Rats']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['nephropathy']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore and evaluate the methodology of neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 in @entity1645 with @entity1644 . METHODS: Between January 2007 to January 2008, 8 @entity1 underwent neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 , including 2 male @entity1 and 6 female @entity1 (aged 13 to 52 years). During the operations, the surgical fields were lightened by the illuminator of endoscope. All the manipulations were done outside the sheath of neuroendoscope. The decompression bone window was about 2.0 cm   2.0 cm. After the @entity9807 was cleared thoroughly, dura were opened in 6 cases and intact in 2 cases. RESULTS: There were no complications observed in this study. Seven @entity1 were determined as excellent in recovery according to the Tator criteria because of apparent improvements in superficial sensation. Five of the seven @entity1 had improvements in muscle strength. One @entity1 was assessed as good because of stable symptom without deterioration. CONCLUSION: Neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 is a potential technique worthy of employing in the mini-invasive neurosurgical technology.

title: [The preliminary study of using neuro-endoscope assisted @entity5663 to treat @entity1645 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity1645 :: ('MESH:D001139', 'Disease') :: ['Chiari type I malformation']

entities_list: @entity5663 :: ('MESH:D003665', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto occipital decompression']

entities_list: @entity9807 :: ('MESH:C538196', 'Disease') :: ['atlanto occipital fascia']

answer: @entity1644 :: (MESH:D013595,Disease) :: ['syringomyelia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity604 in old @entity1 is associated with a decrease in muscle mass and strength. However, the influence of muscle size and strength on age-related changes in bone geometry has not been comprehensively described. Methods. @entity1 in their third (group I, 23 +/- 3 y, n = 20), eighth (group II, 77 +/- 1 y, n = 10), and ninth (group III, 86 +/- 4 y, n = 13) decades of age were studied. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the elbow flexors, elbow extensors, and forearm muscles, the total area (TA), cortical area (CA), and medullary area (MA) of the midhumerus, and distal third of the radius and ulna (n = 7 group II; n = 6 group III) were measured with magnetic resonance imaging. The maximal isometric strength (MVC) of the @entity14228 was also determined. RESULTS: The CSA and MVC of the arm muscles ( @entity14228 ) were less in group II (-17% and -22%) and III (-32% and -39%), respectively, compared to group I. However, forearm CSA was less (-21%) in group III only. The TA and MA of all bones were greater in the older groups. The CA of the humerus (-14%) and ulna (-10%), but not the radius, was less in group III compared to group I, whereas CA was unchanged in group II. Stepwise multiple linear regression determined that arm muscle CSA (r = 0.52, p <.01) and forearm muscle CSA (r = 0.41, p <.05) provided the best prediction of CA in the humerus and forearm, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Muscle size and strength are important determinants of CA in the humerus and forearm. The lower CA in the ninth decade may be explained, in part, by reduced bone strains due to a smaller muscle mass.

title: Muscle size, strength, and bone geometry in the upper limbs of young and old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['Bone loss']

entities_list: @entity14228 :: ('MESH:C535618', 'Disease') :: ['elbow flexors and elbow extensors', 'elbow flexors plus elbow extensors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: Cultured @entity1 retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) secrete insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), a family of polypeptides which modulate the actions of the insulin-like growth factors. RPE cells secrete two IGFBPs with Mr estimates of 34,000 and 46,000, respectively. Treatment of RPE cells with @entity442 markedly stimulated the secretion of the 46,000 Mr form. This stimulation occurred via an @entity2856 independent mechanism because both [QAYL] @entity442 (an @entity442 analogue with decreased affinity for the IGFBPs but normal affinity for the @entity2856 ) and alpha-IR3 (a blocking monoclonal antibody against the @entity2856 ) had no effect on @entity442 stimulated increases in IGFBPs. Additionally, [QAYL] @entity442 enhanced RPE cell proliferation to the same magnitude as @entity442 . Treatment with @entity442 , [QAYL] @entity442 , or alpha-IR3 had no effect on steady-state levels of the 2.5 kb @entity2301 or the 1.3 kb @entity19518 mRNA transcripts as measured by Northern blotting and quantitative autoradiography. @entity1928 and a group of candidate growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, modestly increased IGFBP secretion when compared to untreated cells, but these effects were small when compared to @entity442 treatment. Fetal calf serum enhanced the presence of the 2.5 kb @entity2301 mRNA transcript in a dose-dependent fashion but had no effect on the 1.3 kb @entity19518 mRNA transcript. @entity442 , @entity1928 , and the candidate growth factors had no effect on either @entity2301 or @entity19518 mRNA. These data suggest that the production of IGFBPs in @entity1 RPE cells is regulated by distinct mechanisms which include (1) an @entity2856 independent interaction of @entity442 with secreted IGFBPs and (2) de novo synthesis of IGFBPs by serum-containing factors.

title: Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein synthesis and secretion in XXXX retinal pigment epithelial cells.

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin', 'Forskolin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Although information is available on the in vitro properties of lens epithelia of young adult animals from several species, few, if any reports document the conditions required for the initiation and long-term culture of lens epithelium from animals beyond their medium life-span. We report here on the conditions required for the culture of lens cells from an 8 year old @entity95 . New Zealand White @entity95 have a median life-span of approximately 7 years. Primary culture was initiated in MEM supplemented with 10% rabbit serum. Cells reached confluency within 25 days, responded to serum in a dose dependent manner and had an average doubling time of 23 h during the logarithmic growth phase. Cells increased in number in a dose dependent manner when insulin, insulin growth factor, @entity25812 ( @entity25812 ), or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) was added to the culture medium. Thus, lens epithelia from this very old @entity95 retained the ability to respond to highly purified growth factors. Cells exposed to a medium supplemented with insulin, @entity25812 and FGF showed a five-fold increase in number at day 7 of culture, a value exceeding that brought about by the individual growth factors. An examination of chromosomal preparations indicated that the cells were aneuploid. Whether the aneuploidy was acquired in vitro or is a normal adjunct of aging in the lens in vivo is unknown. Proteins extracted from this line contained polypeptides that migrated to the position of and had apparent molecular weights of lens proteins.

title: Establishment and characterization of a lens epithelial cell line from an eight year old XXXX .

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbit', 'rabbits']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered to be a protective factor against development of @entity170 . But @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) are likely to increase the risk of @entity170 . This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various @entity1697 on @entity79 ( @entity79 ) in @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: Forty one @entity1 (study group) with @entity6 (mean age 51.9  5.5 yr; 31 females) receiving treatment with @entity1697 ( @entity1697 ) [ @entity12721 alone (n=14) or in combination with other @entity1697 (n=27)] for a period of at least three consecutive years and 41 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (mean age 51.4  5.1 yr) were included in the study. A detailed clinical history was taken and all were subjected to physical examination and recording of anthropometric data. @entity79 was assessed for both @entity1 and controls. RESULTS: The mean body mass index (kg/m [2] ) (26.5  4.90 vs 27.3   5.33) and median [inter-quartile range (IQR)] duration of menopause (yr) among @entity1 [6(2-12) vs 6(1-13)] were comparable between both groups. The @entity79 ( @entity79 ; g/cm [2] ) at the level of neck of femur (NOF) (0.761  0.112 vs 0.762  0.110), lumbar spine antero-posterior view (LSAP) (0.849  0.127 vs 0.854  0.135); median Z-score NOF {0.100[(-0.850)-(0.550)] vs -0.200[(-0.800)-(0.600)]}, LSAP {-1.200[(-1.700)-(-0.200)] vs -1.300 [(-1.85)-(-0.400)]} were also similar in study and control groups. Presence of normal @entity79 (9/41 vs 8/41), @entity2331 (16/41 vs 18/41) and @entity170 (16/41 vs 15/41) were comparable between the study and control groups. No significant difference was observed in the @entity79 , T-scores and Z-scores at NOF and LSAP among @entity6 @entity1 treated with @entity12721 ; those treated with other @entity1697 and controls. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSIONS: The present findings show that the use of @entity1697 for a period of three years or more does not significantly affect the @entity79 in @entity1 with @entity6 .

title: Effect of @entity1697 on bone metabolism in @entity1 with XXXX _ occurrence of @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1697 :: ('MESH:D009062', 'Disease') :: ['oral hypoglycaemic agents', 'OHA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['T2DM', 'Type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity12721 :: ('MESH:D045162', 'Chemical') :: ['thiazolidinediones']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['type 2 diabetes mellitus']