abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between isolated trisomy 11 and the clinical, hematological, immunological, prognostic aspects in @entity1583 . METHODS: Bone marrow cell cytogenetic analysis was performed by direct method and/or 24 h culture method. RHG banding was used for karyotype analysis. Immunophenotype analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. Ten @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) were treated with HA regimen chemotherapy and followed up. RESULTS: The isolated trisomy 11 was found in 11 of 1 * ! 763 @entity1583 cases (0.6%). The diagnoses included 10 @entity3052 (6 M(2), 2 M(5), 1 M(1), 1 M(4)), and 1 @entity2590 syndromes. Ten of them have no @entity828 . The immunophenotypical analysis of @entity1778 cells showed positive for @entity1050 (13), @entity1050 (33) and @entity1050 (34) in 5 cases. Follow-up data were available in 10 cases. The complete remission rate was 40% with a median survival of 10 months. CONCLUSION: The isolated trisomy 11 was mainly seen in @entity3052 , especially in M(2) subtype. Their prognosis was poor.

title: [Clinical and cytogenetic studies of XXXX with isolated trisomy 11].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloid leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity828 :: ('MESH:C535727', 'Disease') :: ['hepatosplenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity1583 :: ('MESH:D019337', 'Disease') :: ['hematological malignancies']

answer: @entity1583 :: (MESH:D019337,Disease) :: ['hematological malignancies']


abstract: Twenty-two @entity1 with @entity2150 were treated with antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin at Vanderbilt University and affiliated hospitals from 1980 to 1986. The median age was 42 (eight to 73 years); the male:female ratio was 8:14. Nineteen @entity1 had severe @entity2150 , and three had moderate disease. Twenty patients received antilymphocyte serum initially while two patients received antithymocyte globulin. Fifteen @entity1 received @entity6240 10 mg by mouth three times a day with antilymphocyte serum, and all received @entity229 during the course of antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin. There were seven responses (31.8 percent) to the first course with four complete responses and three partial responses. Six of 15 @entity1 who received @entity6240 showed a response, compared with zero of five treated without @entity3800 (p less than 0.05). Eight @entity1 with no initial response and a @entity1 who experienced a relapse after a complete response were re-treated with either antithymocyte globulin (six) or antilymphocyte serum (three), with four of nine @entity1 (44 percent) having a response (three complete responses, one partial response). Overall, 10 of 22 @entity1 (45 percent) had a response (six complete responses, four partial responses). Median survival for those without a response is six months. Median survival for those with a response has not been reached, with follow-up ranging from 18 to 70 months. This study shows the benefit of a second cycle of antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin and a possible role for concomitant @entity3800 in this treatment of @entity2150 .

title: Re-treatment of XXXX with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['aplastic anemia']

entities_list: @entity6240 :: ('MESH:D005474', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxymesterone']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['aplastic anemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of intravenous @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) administration on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in a @entity19 model of hind limb @entity63 /reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: There were 3 IR groups and 1 normal control (NC) group. The NC group did not undergo the IR procedure. @entity19 in the IR groups underwent 90 minutes of limb @entity63 followed by a variable period of reperfusion. @entity63 was performed by applying a 4.5-oz orthodontic rubber band to the left thigh. @entity19 in one IR group were sacrificed immediately after reperfusion. The other 2 IR groups were injected once with either 0.75 g @entity7647 /kg body weight (G group) or an equal volume of saline (S group) via tail vein before reperfusion. @entity19 in the S and G groups were subdivided and sacrificed at 4 or 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: IR enhanced the inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in muscle. Also, plasma @entity777 levels, blood neutrophil percentage, and the adhesion molecule and chemokine receptors expressed by leukocytes were upregulated after reperfusion. The IR-induced muscle inflammatory mediator gene expressions, blood macrophage percentage, and plasma @entity777 concentration had declined at an early or a late phase of reperfusion when @entity7647 was administered. Histologic findings also found that @entity651 was attenuated during IR insult. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity7647 administration immediately after sublethal lower limb @entity63 reduces the inflammatory reaction locally and systemically; this may offer local and distant organ protection in hind limb IR injury.

title: XXXX Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb @entity63 Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in @entity63 /Reperfusion Injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['remote lung injury']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['Glutamine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Resistance to activated @entity7131 due to the factor V @entity54821 (Leiden) mutation is the most common clotting abnormality in @entity1 with @entity1211 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk for @entity1211 associated with the @entity5337 mutation or with resistance to activated @entity7131 in the general population. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: General community of Vicenza, Italy. @entity1 : A population-based sample of 15,109 white @entity1 18 to 65 years of age who were randomly selected from the census list. MEASUREMENTS: Sequential validated approach based on @entity1 ' reports and Doppler ultrasonography. Resistance to activated @entity7131 was investigated in all @entity1 ; 2134 @entity1 with resistance to activated @entity7131 were screened for the @entity5337 mutation. RESULTS: Carriers of the @entity5337 mutation had a relative risk of 3.3 (95% CI, 1.7 to 6.1) for @entity1211 before 65 years of age. The fraction of cases attributable to the @entity5337 mutation was 6.6%. By 65 years of age, 5.7% of carriers of the mutation had had @entity1211 , mostly after surgery. @entity1 with a reduced response to activated @entity7131 were at higher risk even if they did not carry the mutation (odds ratio, 1.7 [CI, 1.0 to 2.7]); the attributable risk for @entity1211 was 5.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5337 mutation and resistance to activated @entity7131 are important, independent risk factors for @entity1211 . Screening strategies for the @entity5337 mutation in @entity1 undergoing surgery or experiencing @entity130 cannot be recommended, but phenotypic evaluation of resistance to activated @entity7131 should be encouraged in @entity1 with @entity1211 .

title: Activated protein C resistance and XXXX mutation are independent risk factors for @entity1211 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'PATIENTS', 'Participants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['major trauma']

answer: @entity5337 :: (2153,Gene) :: ['factor V Leiden']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine whether each exercise and an entire karate training session can achieve: 1). accepted training intensity thresholds for effective aerobic capacity training; 2). energy expenditure (EE) thresholds for total body mass and fat @entity353 ; and, 3). elevation in excess postexercise @entity26 consumption (EPOC). METHODS: We investigated physiological responses during 5 types of karate training in female karate practitioners: basic techniques without (S-Basics) and with (M-Basics) movements, sparring techniques without (TECH I) and with (TECH II) an opponent, and kata. RESULTS: The mean percent of maximum @entity26 uptake reserve (%VO2R), percent of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), and maximum heart rate reserve (%HRR) for S-Basics were below the accepted threshold and for M-Basics were marginal or above the threshold for increasing VO2max. For TECH I, TECH II, kata, and the entire 70-min practice, the mean %HRmax and %HRR were well above the threshold, however, %VO2R was below the threshold. Although the mean EPOC measured for 5 min immediately following the entire 70-min karate training did not differ from resting VO2. The blood @entity880 responses to the 5 types of karate exercises ranged from 1.2+/-0.3 to 2.2+/-0.8 mmol L(-1). The mean EE for each karate exercise ranged from 157+/-10 kJ to 314+/-16 kJ. The mean EE for the entire 70 min practice and EPOC were 1120+/-64 kJ and 28+/-2 kJ, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The training intensities of karate exercises studied in @entity1 were light to moderate, effects of karate training on EPOC was minimal, and the mean EE was marginal to the accepted threshold for total body mass and fat @entity353 .

title: Physiological responses during and following karate training in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Conflicting reports are available with regard to the effects of childhood abuse and neglect on hippocampal function in @entity1 . While earlier imaging studies and some animal work have suggested that the effects of @entity1642 ( @entity1642 ) manifest only in adulthood, more recent studies have documented impaired hippocampal function in maltreated @entity1 and adolescents. Additional work using animal modes is needed to clarify the effects of @entity1642 on hippocampal development. In this regard, genomic, proteomic, and molecular tools uniquely available in the @entity19 make it a particularly attractive model system to study this issue. However, very little work has been done so far to characterize the effects of @entity1642 on hippocampal development in the @entity19 . To address this issue, we examined the effects of @entity2794 ( @entity2794 ), a @entity19 model of @entity1642 that impairs hippocampal-dependent memory in adulthood, on hippocampal development in 28-day-old juvenile @entity19 . This age was chosen because it corresponds to the developmental period in which @entity1 imaging studies have revealed abnormal hippocampal development in maltreated @entity1 . Exposure to @entity2794 caused a significant decrease in the total protein content of synaptosomes harvested from the hippocampus of 28-day-old male and female @entity19 , suggesting that @entity2794 impairs normal synaptic development in the juvenile hippocampus. Using a novel liquid chromatography multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (LC-MRM) assay, we found decreased expression of many synaptic proteins, as well as proteins involved in axonal growth, myelination, and mitochondrial activity. Golgi staining in 28-day-old @entity2794 @entity19 showed an increase in the number of immature and abnormally shaped spines and a decrease in the number of mature spines in @entity4778 neurons, consistent with defects in synaptic maturation and synaptic pruning at this age. In 14-day-old pups, @entity2794 deceased the expression of proteins involved in axonal growth and myelination, but did not affect the total protein content of synaptosomes harvested from the hippocampus, or protein levels of other synaptic markers. These results add two important findings to previous work in the field. First, our findings demonstrate that in 28-day-old juvenile @entity19 , @entity2794 impairs synaptic maturation and reduces the expression of proteins that are necessary for axonal growth, myelination, and mitochondrial function. Second, the results suggest a sequential model in which @entity2794 impairs normal axonal growth and myelination before it disrupts synaptic maturation in the juvenile hippocampus.

title: Early-Life Stress Perturbs Key Cellular Programs in the Developing XXXX Hippocampus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human']

entities_list: @entity2794 :: ('MESH:D020773', 'Disease') :: ['BDS', 'brief daily separation']

entities_list: @entity1642 :: ('MESH:D015775', 'Disease') :: ['early-life stress', 'ELS']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rabies is a potential danger to the @entity1 health. Therefore, @entity1 who had contact with suspected or rabid animals should be vaccinated. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prophylactic anti- @entity12539 vaccination program in Bia  ystok. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In all, 2005 @entity1 exposed to @entity12539 after contact with suspected or rabid animals were examined at the Center for Rabies Prevention in Bia  ystok. Of this number, 719 (35.86%) @entity1 were eligible for vaccination. RESULTS: Rabies was confirmed in 45% of suspected animals. The largest number of @entity1 subjected to vaccination has been bitten or slobbered by @entity235 (42.28%), @entity291 (19.05%), red foxes (18.64%), @entity468 (6.95%), @entity35 (3.62%), bats (1.52%) and squirrels (0.56%). Hands (60%0 and shanks (12%) were the most frequently injured parts of the @entity1 body. The vaccinated group of @entity1 included 63% of males and 37% of females; 62.47% of rural and 36.63% of urban inhabitants. Vaccines were administered 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after exposure. Neither serious side effects, nor local @entity32 were reported. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Although prevention of @entity12539 among wild animals continues, the number of @entity1 vaccinated after @entity12539 exposure still remains at the same level in the city and the region of Bia  ystok. 2. The highest percentage of vaccinated @entity1 had been bitten or slobbered by rabid or suspected domestic animals. 3. It is believed that the continuation of the vaccination program among wild animals will diminish the range of prophylactic vaccination among @entity1 .

title: [Evaluation of the prophylactic anti- XXXX vaccination program for adults carried out by the Center for Rabies Prevention in Bia  ystok, 1992-2001].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammations']

answer: @entity12539 :: (MESH:D011818,Disease) :: ['rabies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity726 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity726 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity2072 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity10541 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity1 in each group. @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity158 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity158 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity726 . 2. Using 5 % @entity2072 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity1 experienced no @entity158 and 8 % of @entity1 reported very mild @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity1 reported @entity390 , 4 @entity1 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity10541 - 80 % experienced no @entity158 , 12 % very mild @entity158 , and 8 % mild @entity158 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity1 experienced no @entity158 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity2072 or @entity10541 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using @entity2072 or @entity10541 for cyclocryotherapy in advanced XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity10541 :: ('MESH:D008619', 'Chemical') :: ['mepivacaine']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The history of the severity of @entity56 is often obtained post-seasonally as a retrospective assessment. Correct rating is essential when determining the efficacy of pharmaceutical treatment, indications for @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ), or inclusion into controlled clinical studies. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the agreement between in- and post-seasonal ratings of seasonal symptoms, and to investigate whether the effect of @entity6542 could be detected retrospectively. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-five birch pollen- @entity56 @entity1 were allocated to @entity6542 or placebo in a double-blind study. Assessment of severity of symptoms from the nose, eyes and lungs were performed daily during the season 2000, and post-seasonally 6 months after the season in 1999 and 2000. A four-point verbal descriptor scale (VDS-4) was used at all occasions. A mean in-seasonal symptom rating was calculated for four periods: the day, the week and the 2 weeks with the highest symptoms score, and the arithmetic season (the period covering the mid-90% of the accumulated pollen count). In- and post-seasonal ratings were compared with Cohen's weighted kappa (kappaw). RESULTS: Agreement between in-seasonal and retrospective ratings was fair to moderate (kappaw: 0.30-0.60). Post-seasonal ratings were most related to symptoms experienced in the week with the highest symptom scores, and least related to the arithmetic season. The post-seasonal ratings were significantly skewed towards higher symptom scores than the mean of in-seasonal ratings in periods >or= 2 weeks. Despite being comparable before intervention, only in the @entity6542 -treated group was a significant decrease in post-season ratings of severity of @entity7370 apparent (P < 0.05). @entity565 scores were not reduced but fewer @entity1 in the @entity6542 group reported lung symptoms (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Post-seasonal assessment of @entity56 generally describes a shorter period than the arithmetic season. Post-season assessment tends to over-rate average symptom severity, but appears sufficiently sensitive to detect treatment efficacy.

title: Retrospective assessment of XXXX : over-rating but useful.

entities_list: @entity6542 :: ('MESH:C562465', 'Disease') :: ['allergen-specific immunotherapy', 'SIT']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7370 :: ('OMIM:613207', 'Disease') :: ['rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic', 'seasonal allergic symptoms']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['seasonal allergic symptoms']


abstract: Here, we report a series of 5 @entity1 (6 shoulders) diagnosed with @entity1109 of the shoulder joint in our clinic between 2005 and 2008. Initial diagnosis, previous treatment, and radiological and clinical follow-up findings were reviewed. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.2 years. Four @entity1 had unilateral and 1 @entity1 had bilateral involvement. The presenting symptoms were @entity158 , @entity4 , and loss in range of motion. Active forward flexion and abduction ranged from 0   to 90  . @entity1183 and loss of temperature sense was evident in 3 @entity1 . Radiographs showed massive osteolysis of humeral head and glenoid process, and magnetic resonance imaging showed periarticular fluid collection, and degeneration at the rotator cuff and shoulder joint, resembling chronic @entity5414 or @entity242 . Biopsy was performed in 4 @entity1 before definitive diagnosis, and @entity1184 and @entity39 bone was found. Two @entity1 had a history of operated cervical @entity1644 , and the remaining 3 @entity1 were later diagnosed to have @entity1644 and referred to neurosurgery clinic, where 2 of those were operated. Four @entity1 were followed-up with symptomatic therapy, and 1 @entity1 underwent an unsuccessful shoulder arthroplasty in another clinic. As a conclusion, @entity1109 of the shoulder is rare, and correct diagnosis is possible by careful physical and neurological examination and pathologic evaluation when needed.

title: XXXX of the shoulder associated with @entity1644 : a report of six cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoesthesia']

entities_list: @entity1644 :: ('MESH:D013595', 'Disease') :: ['syringomyelia']

entities_list: @entity5414 :: ('MESH:D001170', 'Disease') :: ['septic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['synovial hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['swelling']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic arthropathy']

answer: @entity1109 :: (MESH:D012678,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic arthropathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was a retrospective analysis of the presenting features of @entity8709 , its response to therapy and its clinical course. DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-six cases diagnosed between August 1970 and June 1993 were carefully reviewed. The follow-up was continued until June 1998 and the median observation time was 118 months. RESULTS: The disease was most frequently localized in the upper airways (37/46; 80%), with the mass limited to a single site in all but seven @entity1 in whom two contiguous sites were involved. Other localizations were the lymph nodes, thyroid, skin, stomach, and brain. The clinical symptoms were related to the site of presentation, and the median time between appearance and diagnosis was 7.5 months. The median age at diagnosis was 55 years (range 16-80), with 14 @entity1 (30%) being under 50 years old. The disorder was approximately twice as common in males as in females. Ten @entity1 (21%) had a monoclonal component. The therapeutic strategy varied, although the most frequent form of treatment was local radiotherapy. Thirty-nine @entity1 (85%) achieved complete remission (CR), five (11%) a partial remission (PR) and two (4%) did not respond to therapy (NR). Local recurrence (LR) or recurrence at other sites (ROS) occurred in 7.5% and 10%, respectively. Seven @entity1 (15%) developed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ), characterized by multiple sites of @entity3061 in almost all cases with soft tissue involvement in some of them. The 15 year survival rate was 78%. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: This review of a relatively large series of @entity1 confirms the favorable prognosis of @entity9236 when treated locally by irradiation and/or surgery.

title: Clinical outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity3061 :: ('MESH:D010014', 'Disease') :: ['osteolysis']

entities_list: @entity8709 :: ('MESH:C537514', 'Disease') :: ['extramedullary plasmacytoma']

answer: @entity8709 :: (MESH:C537514,Disease) :: ['extramedullary plasmacytoma']


abstract: Thirty @entity1 with @entity583 which occurred during sport were investigated to identify the type of sport, prodromata, situations at the onset of disease, habit of exercise, preceding medical evaluation, coronary risk factors, and coronary angiographic findings. @entity1188 occurred during golf in 12 @entity1 , bowling in 4, gateball in 4, jogging or running in 5, baseball in 2, and tennis or table tennis in 3. The majority of the @entity1 were playing ball games. Twenty-seven @entity1 were @entity1 (90%) and 3 were @entity1 (10%). All @entity1 had played the same kind of sport for several years. Twenty-four @entity1 had one or more coronary risk factors, and especially 18 @entity1 smoked cigarettes. Nine @entity1 had experienced anterior @entity662 but only two @entity1 had received medical evaluation. Coronary angiography was performed in 25 @entity1 (83.3%), revealing @entity66 in 6, three-vessel disease in 4, and disease of all left main coronary trunks in 1. The acute episode of @entity1188 occurred mainly in spring or fall. Many @entity1 with @entity583 occurring during sport participate in sports of low or moderate dynamic and low static exercises which are generally regarded safe. Many @entity1 had enjoyed their sports regularly for a long time. Though many @entity1 had coronary risk factors, only a few had received a medical check before their @entity299 .

title: [Acute XXXX during sport].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease in 14, two-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart attack']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between probenecid and @entity6652 (the active metabolite of @entity208 ) in @entity1 with @entity210 . METHODS: This was an open-label observational clinical study. Blood and urine samples were collected to measure @entity6652 and urate concentrations. We examined the effects of adding probenecid to @entity208 therapy upon plasma concentrations and renal clearances of urate and @entity6652 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 taking @entity208 100-400 mg daily completed the study. Maximum coadministered doses of probenecid were 250 mg/day (n = 1), 500 mg/day (n = 19), 1000 mg/day (n = 7), 1500 mg/day (n = 3), and 2000 mg/day (n = 1). All doses except the 250 mg daily dose were divided and dosing was twice daily. Estimated @entity1011 clearances ranged from 28 to 113 ml/min. Addition of probenecid 500 mg/day to @entity208 therapy decreased plasma urate concentrations by 25%, from mean 0.37 mmol/l (95% CI 0.33-0.41) to mean 0.28 mmol/l (95% CI 0.24-0.32) (p < 0.001); and increased renal urate clearance by 62%, from mean 6.0 ml/min (95% CI 4.5-7.5) to mean 9.6 ml/min (95% CI 6.9-12.3) (p < 0.001). Average steady-state plasma @entity6652 concentrations decreased by 26%, from mean 11.1 mg/l (95% CI 5.0-17.3) to mean 8.2 mg/l (95% CI 4.0-12.4) (p < 0.001); and renal @entity6652 clearance increased by 24%, from mean 12.7 ml/min (95% CI 9.6-15.8) to mean 16.1 ml/min (95% CI 12.0-20.2) (p < 0.05). The additional hypouricemic effect of probenecid 500 mg/day appeared to be lower in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Coadministration of @entity208 with probenecid had a significantly greater hypouricemic effect than @entity208 alone despite an associated reduction of plasma @entity6652 concentrations. Australian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN012606000276550.

title: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction between XXXX and probenecid in @entity1 with @entity210 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal impairment']

entities_list: @entity6652 :: ('MESH:D010117', 'Chemical') :: ['oxypurinol']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity208 :: ('MESH:D000493', 'Chemical') :: ['allopurinol']

answer: @entity208 :: (MESH:D000493,Chemical) :: ['allopurinol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several kinds of adverse reactions to the administration of local anaesthetics (LAs): @entity56 , which causes reproducible symptoms or signs, initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal subjects; toxic reactions - caused by @entity1445 or inappropriate administration; and @entity566 - when an immunologic mechanism can be shown to be important.The most serious adverse reaction is anaphylaxis, which can be of allergic or non-allergic (anaphylactoid) origin. We analysed clinical adverse reactions to local anaesthetic agents that occurred in the Silesian region. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 , aged 22-56 years, in whom significant reactions had occurred after administration of an LA, were investigated in our institution. The investigation was based on skin prick, intradermal injections and patch testing. In every @entity1 , the concentration of latex IgE antibodies was measured. RESULTS: True @entity56 were confirmed in three @entity1 . The allergens were: @entity3303 in all three cases, additionally: @entity3406 - in one @entity1 and preservative (paraben) - in one @entity1 . No latex @entity566 was diagnosed. DISCUSSION: The results showed that @entity56 to LA agents are rare and that most of the reported reactions were caused by @entity56 . Nevertheless, in each case of adverse reaction, careful review of the history, and testing of immediate and @entity56 not only to LA but also to latex and preservatives, should be mandatory.

title: Adverse effects of local anaesthetics - XXXX , toxic reactions or @entity56 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'person']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['late allergic reactions', 'real allergic reactions', 'allergic reactions', 'hypersensitivity']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Lentiviruses are unique retroviruses which cause diseases with long incubation periods and prolonged clinical courses. The prototype lentiviruses, @entity37886 of @entity742 and @entity625 - @entity198 virus of @entity1237 ( @entity71032 ), infect cells of the monocyte-macrophage system and replicate at a restricted level in these cells. The virus life cycle is closely associated with maturational factors in the cells; monocytes support the early stages of the replication cycle which goes to completion only when the cells mature to macrophages. Virus replication in the monocyte-macrophage results in lesions characterized by mononuclear cell infiltration of the central nervous system (CNS), lungs, synovium and mammary gland and their draining lymph nodes. Co-cultivation of @entity742 or @entity1237 lymphocytes with macrophages infected with visna or CAE viruses results in production of a unique interferon (LV-IFN). LV-IFN is a non-glycosylated protein of 54,000 to 64,000 daltons and has biological properties which have several implications for pathogenesis. Firstly, it retards the rate of maturation of monocytes and thus indirectly slows the rate of virus replication. Second, it restricts the rate of virus replication in mature macrophages by preventing virus maturation. Third, it induces expression of class II (Ia) antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on cells of macrophage lineage. Thus, by curtailing virus replication and enhancing expression of MHC class II antigens, LV-IFN may contribute to the induction and augmentation of the host's lymphoproliferative response to the virus.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity37886 and caprine XXXX - @entity198 : new leads on the mechanism of restricted virus replication and persistent inflammation.

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity625 :: (MESH:D001168,Disease) :: ['arthritis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: TURB is the standard approach to @entity150 but suffers from several disadvantages. Waterjet hydrodissection is a new technology for removing superficial @entity5 in the GI tract promising to preserve the histological structures of biopsy specimens with favorable long-term results as recent studies have shown. The aim of this study was to show the feasibility and applicability of waterjet hydrodissection for removing papillary superficial @entity150 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In five @entity1 diagnosed with superficial @entity150 , transurethral submucosal dissection was conducted using the T-type I-Jet HybridKnife (Erbe, Tuebingen). The resection edges were labeled by means of electrical coagulation with the HybridKnife. Subsequently, a submucosal fluid cushion specific to the tissue layer was formed by the waterjet implementation function of the HybridKnife, thereby elevating the tumorous tissue. The @entity5 was endoscopically extracted with a retrieval bag. Biopsy specimens of the @entity5 edges and base were subsequently collected. RESULTS: All @entity5 could be resected en bloc, and the lamina propria was intact in all specimens, allowing the pathologist to distinguish between superficial and invasive @entity5 . Pathological analysis confirmed R0 resection in all samples. CONCLUSION: These initial results prove the feasibility of waterjet hydrodissection for removing @entity150 . In contrast to conventional TURB, this new technique allows the pathologist to assess the entire lamina propria and the resection edges due to the en-bloc resection and to determine invasiveness as well as R0 versus R1 resection. These first results are promising, long-term oncological follow-up, and prospective randomized surveys investigating the recurrence rate have to be evaluated.

title: Waterjet hydrodissection: first experiences and short-term outcomes of a novel approach to XXXX resection.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['papillary bladder tumor', 'bladder tumors']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder tumor']


abstract: @entity174 are considered unstable spinal lesions. Chronic instability in this region leads to the development of an inflammatory @entity2070 , which can progress resulting in @entity1745 radiographically and a @entity602 clinically. In this report we document three cases of reversal of @entity2070 after @entity6350 transarticular screw fixation of an unstable odontoid @entity174 . Three @entity1 were identified with @entity174 and @entity1745 due to periodontoid @entity2070 formation. All @entity1 presented with a progressive @entity602 . All @entity1 underwent preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the craniovertebral junction. @entity6350 transarticular screw fixation was performed for stabilization of @entity6350 . Postoperatively there were no complications. Postoperative MRI at 6 months demonstrated resolution of the ventral @entity2070 . Moreover, all @entity1 exhibited improvement of preoperative @entity51 . MRI is the imaging technique of choice for diagnosis and follow-up of @entity1 with @entity174 . @entity6350 transarticular screw fixation provides a viable method for spinal stabilization in this region. In addition, stabilization can result in resolution of inflammatory @entity2070 formation secondary to instability of the @entity6350 articulation.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging confirmation of resolution of periodontoid XXXX formation following @entity6350 posterior transarticular screw fixation.

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['chronic odontoid fractures and ventral pannus', 'chronic odontoid fractures', 'fracture', 'Chronic odontoid fractures']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['myelopathy syndrome']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1745 :: ('MESH:D013117', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord compression']

answer: @entity2070 :: (MESH:C537858,Disease) :: ['pannus']


abstract: Introduction @entity459 ( @entity459 ) is usually the result of a single @entity652 that can often be accurately located preoperatively and excised by a focused operation. Intraoperative parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) measurement is used occasionally to detect additional abnormal glands. However, it remains controversial as to whether IOPTH monitoring is necessary. This study presents the results of a large series of focused parathyroidectomy without IOPTH measurement. Methods Data from 2003 to 2014 were collected on 180 consecutive @entity1 who underwent surgical treatment for @entity459 by a single surgeon. Preoperative ultrasonography and sestamibi imaging was performed routinely, with computed tomography (CT) and/or selective venous sampling in selected cases. The preferred procedure for single gland disease was a focused lateral approach guided by on-table surgeon performed ultrasonography. Frozen section was used selectively and surgical cure was defined as normocalcaemia at the six-month follow-up appointment. Results Focused surgery was undertaken in 146 @entity1 (81%) and 97% of these cases had concordant results with two imaging modalities. In all cases, an abnormal gland was discovered at the predetermined site. Of the 146 @entity1 , 132 underwent a focused lateral approach (11 of which were converted to a collar incision), 10 required a collar incision and 4 underwent a mini-sternotomy. At 6 months following surgery, 142 @entity1 were normocalcaemic (97% primary cure rate). Three of the four treatment failures had subsequent surgery and are now biochemically cured. There were no complications or cases of persistent hypocalcaemia. Conclusions This study provides further evidence that in the presence of concordant preoperative imaging, IOPTH measurement can be safely omitted when performing focused parathyroidectomy for most cases of @entity459 .

title: Contemporary surgical treatment of XXXX without intraoperative parathyroid hormone measurement.

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['Primary hyperparathyroidism', 'pHPT']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is the first report of a randomized, multicenter, clinical trial comparing the combination of @entity3446 or @entity618 ( @entity2098 ) with @entity1140 -based immunosuppression in kidney transplantation. Results at 6 months of follow-up are presented. METHODS: Before transplantation, @entity1 were randomized to receive @entity1140 plus @entity288 with @entity3446 (n=185) or @entity2098 (n=176). The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection. @entity1 and graft survival, renal function, and composite endpoints also were evaluated. Safety was assessed by monitoring laboratory parameters and adverse events. RESULTS: By 6 months of follow-up, the incidence of biopsy-confirmed acute rejection was similar in both treatment groups (13.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 11.4% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ; P=0.64 log-rank). @entity1 survival (97.3% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 97.7% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) and graft survival (93.0% @entity1140 + @entity3446 vs. 95.5% @entity1140 + @entity2098 ) were equivalent (P=0.53, overall survival log-rank). There was a significantly higher incidence of study drug discontinuation in @entity1 receiving @entity3446 (21.1% vs. 10.8%; P=0.008). Renal function was significantly better in the @entity2098 -treatment group (serum @entity1011 1.44+/-0.45 mg/dL vs. 1.77+/-1.42 mg/dL; P=0.018). @entity407 was significantly more prevalent in the @entity3446 -treatment group. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in @entity3446 -treated @entity1 . There were significantly more @entity1431 and gastrointestinal adverse events in the @entity2098 -treatment group. The incidence of @entity6 was 7.6% in the @entity3446 group and 7.7% in the @entity2098 group. CONCLUSION: @entity1140 is equally effective in renal transplantation when combined with @entity3446 or @entity2098 . The @entity1140 - @entity2098 combination may be superior in terms of improved renal function and improved cardiovascular risk factors including @entity407 and @entity101 .

title: Randomized trial of XXXX in combination with @entity3446 or @entity618 in kidney transplantation: results at 6 months.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['posttransplant diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['Tacrolimus', 'tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['tacrolimus']


abstract: The expression of @entity6910 (H) and @entity27821 antigens on 68 @entity14 from 63 @entity1 was studied by immunohistochemical staining of tissue specimens. The pattern of antigen expression was as follows: @entity20604 was expressed in normal tissue only in secretors and was expressed in the proximal but not distal colon. In @entity5 , there was net loss of @entity20604 expression in the proximal and net gain in the distal colon. Some nonsecretor @entity5 tissue expressed @entity20604 . Lewis expression was similar to but less strong than @entity20604 . Its expression occurred only in secretors and in normal epithelium only in the proximal colon. In @entity5 there was net loss of antigen expression proximally and net gain in the distal colon. There was no expression of Lewisb in @entity5 of nonsecretors. Lewisa antigen was expressed throughout the normal colon in secretors and nonsecretors with no discernible difference between proximal and distal colon. In @entity5 , net loss of expression of Lewisa occurred throughout the colon. No inappropriate blood group expression was observed in this study. With few exceptions, H expression paralleled expression of A and B in non-0 @entity1 . @entity3 antigen expression was similar to that of the primary in most cases. Alterations in antigen expression were not clinically or histologically distinctive.

title: @entity20604 and XXXX expression in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity27821 :: ('2525', 'Gene') :: ['Lewis blood group']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['Metastatic tumor']

answer: @entity27821 :: (2525,Gene) :: ['Lewis blood group']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if principal component analysis (PCA) and standard parameters of rectal and bladder wall dose-volume histograms (DVHs) of @entity263 @entity1 treated with hypofractionated image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (hypo-IMRT) can predict @entity344 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: One hundred twenty-one @entity1 underwent hypo-IMRT at 3 Gy/fraction, 5 days/week to either 60 Gy or 66 Gy, with daily online image guidance. @entity344 were recorded weekly during treatment and at each follow-up. All Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria @entity137 scores were dichotomized as <2 and >= 2. Standard dosimetric parameters and the first five to six principal components (PCs) of bladder and rectal wall DVHs were tested for association with the dichotomized @entity137 outcomes, using logistic regression. RESULTS: Median follow-up of all @entity1 was 47 months (60 Gy cohort = 52 months; 66 Gy cohort = 31 months). The incidence rates of >= 2 acute GI and GU @entity137 were 14% and 29%, respectively, with no Grade >= 3 acute GU @entity137 . Late GI and GU @entity137 scores >= 2 were 16% and 15%, respectively. There was a significant difference in late @entity344 >= 2 when comparing the 66 Gy to the 60 Gy cohort (38% vs. 8%, respectively, p = 0.0003). The first PC of the rectal DVH was associated with late @entity344 (odds ratio [OR], 6.91; p < 0.001), though it was not significantly stronger than standard DVH parameters such as Dmax (OR, 6.9; p < 0.001) or percentage of the organ receiving a 50% dose (V50) (OR, 5.95; p = 0 .001). CONCLUSIONS: Hypofractionated treatment with 60 Gy in 3 Gy fractions is well tolerated. There is a steep dose response curve between 60 Gy and 66 Gy for RTOG Grade >= 2 GI effects with the dose constraints employed. Although PCA can predict late @entity344 for @entity1 treated with hypo-IMRT for @entity263 , it provides no additional information over using more standard DVH parameters.

title: Role of principal component analysis in predicting @entity137 in @entity263 XXXX treated with hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['GI toxicity', 'acute and late gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity', 'Acute and late GI and genitourinary (GU) toxicity']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: In this study, we present anti- @entity5 drug containing nanofiber-mediated gene delivery to treat @entity96 . Electro-spun nanofibers have big potential for local delivery and sustained release of therapeutic gene and drugs. We reported a temperature-responsive nanofibers mainly compounded by branched @entity4351 (PCL) macro-monomers and anti- @entity5 drug @entity1311 . The nanofiber could be administrated into @entity96 to dramatically hinder their growth and prevent their @entity3 . As a result, @entity1311 encapsulated PCL ( @entity4045 /PCL) nanofibers with diameters of around several tens nanometers to 10 nm were successfully obtained by electro-spinning and observed in @entity4653 ( @entity4653 ). Nanoparticles composed of @entity1520 cross-linked branched @entity8681 (ssPEI) and anti- @entity5 therapeutic gene @entity3373 were complexed based on the electrostatic interaction and coated over the @entity1311 -loaded nanofiber. MicroRNA 145/ss @entity8681 nanoparticles (MSNs) immobilized on the @entity4045 /PCL nanofiber showed time-dependent sustained release of the microRNA for enhanced uptake in neighboring @entity96 cells without any noticeable @entity137 . From this study we are expecting a synergistic effect on the @entity5 cell suppression since we have combined the drug and gene delivery. This approach uses the nanofibers and nanoparticles together for the treatment of @entity5 and the detailed investigation in vitro and in vivo must be conducted for the practicality of this study. The polymer is biodegradable and the @entity137 issues must be cleared by our approach.

title: Simultaneous Drug and Gene Delivery from the Biodegradable XXXX Nanofibers for the Treatment of @entity96 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors', 'liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity4351 :: ('CHEBI:60736', 'Chemical') :: ['poly(  -caprolactone)']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1520 :: ('CHEBI:48343', 'Chemical') :: ['disulfide']

entities_list: @entity4653 :: ('MESH:D004401', 'Disease') :: ['SEM', 'scanning electron microscopy']

answer: @entity4351 :: (CHEBI:60736,Chemical) :: ['Poly(  -caprolactone)']


abstract: The role of hyperthermic isolation perfusion in the treatment of advanced @entity320 of the limbs is clearly important. However, attention has in the past been focussed mainly on surgical aspects of the procedure. Whereas, equivalent interest in chemotherapy considerations has been lacking. A group of 15 @entity1 have been treated by hyperthermic isolated perfusion for advanced @entity320 of the limbs. The chemotherapeutic agent used was @entity900 . The follow-up period was 6 to 60 months. None of these @entity1 had any sign or symptoms of @entity137 from the drug. Twelve of these 15 @entity1 are free of disease currently. There was one case of mortality due to unrelated cause and two cases of mortality due to disseminated disease which developed 6 months and 30 months, respectively, posttreatment. Since not uncommon toxic side effects from other drugs used for this procedure is significant, these results suggest that @entity900 may be used as an alternative chemotherapeutic agent in isolation perfusion for advanced @entity320 of the extremities.

title: Isolation perfusion with XXXX for malignant @entity320 of the limbs.

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity900 :: (MESH:D002945,Chemical) :: ['cisplatin']


abstract: The activities of @entity3397 , @entity869 , @entity3400 , @entity3524 and @entity2756 alone and in combination against 130 isolates of @entity526 , group B streptococci and @entity5125 from @entity693 were assessed by using agar dilution, checkerboard and time-kill techniques. @entity3524 and @entity2756 were highly active against @entity526 and group B streptococci (MIC90 0.05-0.1 mg/1) but not active against List. monocytogenes. @entity3397 was more active than @entity869 and @entity3400 against group B streptococci (MIC90 0.1, 0.12 and 0.24 mg/l respectively) and @entity869 was the most active against List. monocytogenes (MIC90 0.6 mg/l). Every double @entity3405 combination was synergistic for 3-14% of @entity526 , 8-26% of group B streptococci and 67-100% of List. monocytogenes in the checkerboard titration. The @entity2756 combinations were less synergistic than the @entity3524 combinations. In time-kill evaluations using concentrations representative for cerebrospinal fluid, the killing kinetics of @entity526 were not influenced by any combination. A significant delay in killing of group B streptococci was observed with @entity3397 - @entity5898 and @entity869 - @entity5898 combinations. A significant increased killing of List. monocytogenes was observed with @entity3397 - @entity5898 combinations. The other combinations did not alter the killing kinetics of group B streptococci and List. monocytogenes.

title: Activity of @entity3524 and @entity2756 alone and in combination with penicillin, XXXX and @entity3400 against @entity693 pathogens.

entities_list: @entity2756 :: ('MESH:D002443', 'Chemical') :: ['ceftriaxone']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity5125 :: ('1639', 'Species') :: ['Listeria monocytogenes']

entities_list: @entity5898 :: ('CHEBI:23066', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporin']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal meningitis']

entities_list: @entity3524 :: ('MESH:D002439', 'Chemical') :: ['cefotaxime', 'Cefotaxime']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['Penicillin G', 'penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity3400 :: ('MESH:D010878', 'Chemical') :: ['piperacillin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Antineoplastic therapy may cause @entity209 , which result in e.g. abnormal growth rate. The aim of the study was the assessment of @entity442 and @entity2301 plasma concentrations in @entity1 after intensive therapy of @entity981 completed according to age, weight, height and therapy protocols ( @entity1499 dose, Central Nervous System - CNS prophylaxis). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 63 @entity1 (43 @entity1 ) were involved in this study with mean age 10.95+/-4.73 years after @entity981 therapy according to BFM protocols. 35 @entity1 were in maintenance therapy and 28 completely finished the therapy. 20 @entity1 had cranial irradiation as CNS prophylaxis (12 Gy). We assessed plasma levels of @entity442 and @entity2301 in radioimmunoassay method and the obtained results were related to mean age values ( @entity214 core). RESULTS: 1. A) @entity442 mean plasma levels in @entity1 (n=30) before puberty (Tanner I) was 151.48+/-75.75 ng/ml and was lower than compared to value in the puberty group (n=16, Tanner II-IV) - 222.06+/-96.61 ng/ml p=0.000008. After puberty (Tanner V) @entity442 was 332.03+/-75.66 ng/ml. b) @entity2301 was highest after puberty (3837.4 ng/ml +/-598.49); before puberty it was 2899.68+/-656.57 ng/ml, and in puberty it was 3593.14+/-598,49 ng/ml. 2. @entity442 @entity214 values were lower than mean age values. 3. @entity2301 @entity214 were insignificantly higher than mean age values. 4. There were no differences between @entity442 @entity214 and @entity2301 @entity214 according to gender, prior CNS prophylaxis, @entity1499 dose and phase of maintenance therapy and completed therapy. 5. @entity442 and @entity2301 correlated to each other and to body mass index, height but @entity442 @entity214 and @entity2301 @entity214 was independent on age, CNS prophylaxis, BMI @entity214 and height @entity214 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity442 and @entity2301 values are dependent on puberty degree, body mass index and height. 2. @entity442 @entity214 are lower and @entity2301 values higher, independent on gender, therapy protocol and CNS prophylaxis (12 Gy).

title: [The assessment of plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and binding protein ( @entity2301 ) during the maintenance therapy and after remissionof @entity981 ( XXXX )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disturbances']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['Methotrexate', 'methotrexate']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['ALL']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the current research of new emerging diagnostic technology for non-invasive physiological monitoring of exercise and @entity410 . As a personal trainer, I believe that exercise can improve the conditions of several diseases and/or events such as @entity64 , post-traumatic @entity542 , @entity1566 , and a multitude of other diseases. This compilation of information will allow health care providers tools of a non-invasive manner to promote healing and health that go beyond the initial event. Allowing @entity1 continued managed care beyond what is believed to be their plateau. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Review science-based research involving non-invasive technology, including cardiovascular evaluations: heart rate monitors, near-infrared spectroscopy, blood pressure, and electrocardiography; motor capabilities: surface electromyography and manual testers, i.e. dynamometer, and digital and video photography; radiological monitoring: magnetic resonance imaging, three-dimensional computer tomography, and laser Doppler. RESULTS: This investigation has found that a new approach should be implemented for non-invasive physiological monitoring of exercise and @entity410 through development and utilization across a wide variety of equipment, and monitoring technology. This non-invasive methodology will not only motivate but encourage individuals to begin and remain compliant with an exercise program allowing a variety of health care providers to assist in @entity1 care. DISCUSSION: We need to shift the paradigm from taking care of the sick to maintaining the health of our @entity1 . This can be accomplished with non-invasive evaluation, tracking, and monitoring tools. Many of the suggestions for monitoring are used in a clinical setting rather than a general @entity410 environment. These monitoring tests need to be economical as well as available for continual re-evaluation.

title: Non-invasive physiological monitoring of exercise and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['fitness']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine relationships among Bruch's membrane ultrastructure, @entity528 , and @entity194 with respect to zones of @entity989 ( @entity989 ) degeneration and @entity194 adjacent to the optic nerve head, as a function of age. DESIGN: @entity1 tissue study using clinicopathologic correlation. TISSUES: Eyes from @entity1 36 to 93 years of age lacking clinical evidence of @entity726 , @entity1781 , severe @entity1714 , age-related @entity1020 , or other macular or peripapillary chorioretinal pathologic condition. METHODS: Sections through the retina-choroid complex at the temporal aspect of the optic nerve head were used for light microscopic histopathologic analysis (n = 17), electron microscopy (n = 9), carbonic anhydrase histochemical analysis (n = 7), and lipid histochemical analysis (n = 22). Retinal whole mounts were used for photoreceptor counts (n = 5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We determined the width of @entity989 and @entity194 , the number of eyes with abnormalities of inner Bruch's membrane, and the number of rod and cone photoreceptors within 1 mm of the disc margin. We determined whether Bruch's membrane changes, @entity528 , and @entity194 were associated with @entity989 and @entity194 . RESULTS: All eyes had @entity989 , degeneration, or both. The zone of @entity989 @entity194 widened significantly after age 75. Thickening of inner Bruch's membrane and abnormalities of the @entity989 basal lamina were associated with degenerating and @entity989 . The @entity989 basal lamina was narrow, reduplicated, or thickened as a basal laminar deposit. All eyes exhibited @entity528 but not cones at the peripapillary termination of Bruch's membrane. Diminution of choriocapillaris coverage of Bruch's membrane was associated with @entity989 . @entity2319 was associated with @entity989 @entity194 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that peripapillary @entity5066 is an age-related degeneration of the @entity989 -Bruch's membrane complex that resembles that found in the macula and periphery of normal eyes.

title: Peripapillary XXXX : Bruch's membrane changes and photoreceptor loss.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5066 :: ('MESH:C566236', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['Complete loss of the choriocapillaris']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophy', 'choriocapillaris atrophy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic RPE in all eyes', 'retinal pigment epithelium', 'peripapillary RPE atrophy', 'RPE degeneration', 'RPE']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration and loss of rods', 'photoreceptor degeneration']

answer: @entity5066 :: (MESH:C566236,Disease) :: ['chorioretinal atrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: A mathematical model that describes the kinetics of @entity1486 measured in @entity1 who received therapeutic doses of radiation therapy is presented. The clinical implications of the model are also investigated. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data from 122 @entity1 treated at Stanford University between December 1985 and December 1990 were used. The general form of the model contains five parameters, two associated with a decreasing exponential, two with a rising exponential and one additional constant. A nonlinear steepest-descent procedure that minimized chi-squared was used to determine the parameters producing the best fit to a @entity1 's data. The correlation of the model parameters with clinical findings was investigated using standard statistical techniques including multivariate life-table and logistic regression. RESULTS: The data for all @entity1 could be fit with either a decreasing exponential with or without the additional constant (nonrelapsing pattern with two or three parameters) or with a decreasing plus rising exponential (relapsing pattern with three or four parameters). In no instance were all five parameters of the general model required to describe a @entity1 's data. Three of 61 @entity1 with nonrelapsing patterns experienced clinical relapse, whereas 36 of 61 @entity1 with relapsing patterns did. The logarithm of the initial @entity1486 level and the corresponding model parameter correlated with @entity5 and Gleason score. Among the @entity1 with relapsing patterns, the nadir in antigen level occurred within 2 years of the start of treatment and the time to nadir, as calculated from the model parameters, was associated with the probability of clinical relapse. In no instance was the rate of initial decline ever exceeded by the rate of subsequent rise. CONCLUSION: The model is capable of describing the kinetics of @entity1486 levels found in @entity1 after receiving radiation therapy. The parameters derived from the model are strong correlates with clinical findings and @entity1 outcome.

title: XXXX kinetics after external beam irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate.

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['Prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTS) in @entity1 with @entity4097 . METHODS: Urinary questionnaire and urodynamic studies were done in 76 @entity1 with @entity4097 . RESULTS: The @entity1 included 56 with cervical-thoracic (C1 to @entity3138 ) and 20 with @entity5 . The @entity5 consisted of 12 epiconus/conus medullaris (below @entity3138 ) and 8 cauda equina @entity5 . These @entity5 were further subdivided into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and dumbbell-type. More than 83% of the @entity1 had urinary symptoms. @entity1 with cervical-thoracic @entity5 commonly had voiding symptoms (75%). @entity427 (39%), and @entity4894 on voiding (21%) were the main urodynamic features. @entity1 with epiconus/ @entity5 commonly had voiding symptoms as well (58%), but decreased urge to void (50%), detrusor-sphincter @entity2055 (42%), and @entity4894 on voiding (32%) were the main features. @entity1 with cauda equina @entity5 commonly had storage symptoms (88%), of which sensory urgency was most common (63%). Severe LUTS occurred in the epiconus/ @entity5 and in the @entity5 . These dysfunctions tended to appear late and rarely appeared as the initial symptom in the course of the disease. There was no significant relationship between @entity16 and LUTS. Urodynamics showed that @entity4097 cause a variety of LUTS, depending on the location and the type of the @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity4097 are commonly accompanied by LUTS. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation is crucial to diagnosis and management since there is little relationship between symptoms and findings.

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4894 :: ('MESH:D019846', 'Disease') :: ['detrusor areflexia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'lumbosacral tumors', 'conus medullaris tumors', 'intramedullary tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4097 :: ('MESH:D013120', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal cord tumors', 'spinal cord tumors']

entities_list: @entity427 :: ('MESH:D012021', 'Disease') :: ['Detrusor hyperreflexia']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['dyssynergia']

answer: @entity4097 :: (MESH:D013120,Disease) :: ['spinal cord tumors']


abstract: This study examined @entity1 with an acute @entity75 illness for evidence of @entity1800 , disordered blood-brain barrier function, intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, and interferon (IFN) production, and related their temporal occurrence to outcome. A prospective study of 22 @entity1 (13 males, 9 females; age range 1mo to 13y, median 2y 4mo), recorded clinical details, with serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis near presentation and then on convalescent specimens taken up to day 39 of the @entity16 . Outcome was assessed with standard scales between 18 months and 3 years after presentation. A history consistent with @entity1800 was given in 17 @entity1 but laboratory evidence of @entity1800 was found in only 7 (7/17). In 18 out of 21 @entity1 , an elevated CSF:serum albumin ratio indicative of impairment of the blood-CSF and blood-brain barriers was detected at some stage of the illness. In 14 of the 15 @entity1 with a raised immunoglobulin G index, and in 12 of the 14 @entity1 where the CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands, this was preceded by, or was observed at the same time as, an abnormal albumin ratio. Sixteen @entity1 (16/18) had elevated @entity3027 levels in serum, or CSF, or in both. We conclude that these findings indicate an initial disruption of the blood-brain barrier followed by intrathecal antibody production by activated lymphocytes, clonally restricted to a few antigens. This is the first in vivo study to show this as an important pathogenetic mechanism of @entity198 in @entity1 . Poor outcome was associated with young age, a deteriorating electroencephalogram pattern from grade 1 to grade 2, and the degree of @entity75 , particularly when prolonged, but not with Glasgow @entity772 Scale score. The persistence of @entity3027 was associated with a good prognosis.

title: Childhood XXXX : viruses, immune response, and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['blood-brain barrier impairment', 'encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological illness']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['encephalopathy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Targeted molecular therapy is an effective anticancer strategy. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies such as cetuximab (CTX) have been approved for the treatment of various @entity5 , including @entity14 ( @entity14 ) with wild-type @entity984 . However, their efficacy in @entity1 with @entity984 mutations has not been established. Therefore, we investigated whether CTX treatment was effective as a single agent or in combination with @entity4381 ( @entity5921 ) in @entity1 @entity14 cell lines with different @entity984 status. @entity14 cell lines SW48 (wild-type @entity984 ) and LS174T (mutant @entity984 ) were treated with @entity5921 , CTX and a combination of both drugs. @entity137 was measured using the @entity98 assay. Changes in the levels of intracellular signaling proteins were evaluated using western blot analysis. Finally, we evaluated the efficacy of the combination treatment in an in vivo xenograft model. We observed that @entity5921 apparently inhibited growth in both cell lines, whereas CTX showed little effect. @entity5921 also increased the levels of unprenylated RAS. Combined @entity5921 and CTX treatment was synergistic in both cell lines and was associated with inhibition of the RAS-MAPK and AKT-mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, the combination treatment was more effective in suppressing the growth of xenografts derived from both SW48 and LS174T cells; this effect was associated with increased apoptosis. These results demonstrate that @entity5921 inhibits the growth of @entity694 cells regardless of @entity984 status, and combination therapy using @entity5921 and CTX enhances this growth suppression. These findings suggest a novel strategy for the treatment of @entity14 independent of @entity984 mutational status.

title: Combination therapy with @entity4381 and cetuximab effectively suppresses growth of @entity14 cells regardless of XXXX status.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity4381 :: ('MESH:C088658', 'Chemical') :: ['zoledronic acid']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity984 :: (3845,Gene) :: ['KRAS']


abstract: We tested experimentally whether @entity12128 feathers can be used as a biomonitor for lead pollution, and we examined whether lead exposure influences the accumulation of @entity219 into feathers. Two groups of eight adult male zebra finches were dosed with, respectively, 0 and 25 ppm lead as @entity10222 in their drinking water. After 30 days, lead-treated zebra finches accumulated significantly higher lead concentrations in brain, fat, kidney, liver, muscle, testes, and regrown outer tail feathers than control individuals. Lead levels in regrown outer tail feathers were significantly higher than in original outer tail feathers in the exposed group. The concentration of lead in original (not regrown) fifth tail feathers at the end of the experiment was significantly higher than lead levels in the original outer tail feathers. Our results indicate that lead in regrown feathers originates both from internal deposition and external contamination through the excretion of the uropygial gland during preening. Lead levels in regrown feathers were significantly correlated with levels in liver, kidney, and muscle, suggesting that feathers can be used as a biomonitor for lead. We found that lead had an influence on the metabolism of @entity219 . @entity219 concentrations in the regrown feathers were significantly lower in the lead-treated group although @entity219 levels in the liver did not differ significantly. Moreover, lead and @entity219 concentrations in the feathers were significantly negatively correlated.

title: Tissue levels of lead in experimentally exposed zebra finches ( XXXX ) with particular attention on the use of feathers as biomonitors.

entities_list: @entity10222 :: ('MESH:C008261', 'Chemical') :: ['lead acetate']

answer: @entity12128 :: (59729,Species) :: ['Taeniopygia guttata']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early-stage bulky @entity2622 treated with conventional surgery or radiotherapy has a higher rate of recurrence compared to smaller @entity5 at the same stage. Whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to radical hysterectomy can improve survival in early-stage bulky @entity2622 remains unclear. This study was designed to answer this question. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 with @entity5 were included in this retrospective study. Thirty-one had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical hysterectomy, and the other 27 @entity1 underwent surgery alone. The chemotherapeutic regimen was a combination of @entity900 , @entity1891 , and @entity1732 with a 10-day interval for two to three courses. RESULTS: The age, parity, and @entity5 diameter before treatment in the two groups were similar. The mean @entity5 diameter was significantly decreased after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (4.6 +/- 0.8 vs 3.4 +/- 1.5 cm, P = 0.003). @entity1 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a significantly higher incidence of parametrial invasion (14/27 vs 7/31, P = 0.022). More involved lymph nodes were found during surgery in @entity1 without neoadjuvant chemotherapy (23.1 +/- 10.5 vs 17.4 +/- 7.1, P = 0.024), but the incidence of @entity1600 was not different between the two groups (18/31 vs 17/27, P = 0.71). The response rate of primary @entity5 to chemotherapy was 48.4% (15/31). No significant differences in clinical and pathologic parameters were found between responders and non-responders. Deep stromal invasion (> or = 3/4 thickness of @entity3799 ) was the only independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in the 58 @entity1 and in the 31 @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor the response to it was an independent prognostic factor for DFS or @entity1349 . CONCLUSIONS: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy could reduce the incidence of local invasion for bulky @entity5 but did not improve the DFS or @entity1349 in our @entity1 . Without further randomized study of the effects of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, this treatment should be chosen carefully.

title: Radical hysterectomy alone or combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of early stage bulky XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'early-stage cervical carcinoma', 'early-stage bulky cervical cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['lymph node metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3799 :: ('MESH:D002575', 'Disease') :: ['cervical stroma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity2622 :: (MESH:D002583,Disease) :: ['cervical carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity25 are common among @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ), and it can have a significant effect on @entity1 ' daily activities as well as their health. The purpose of this study was to assess @entity25 and its predictors in Iranian @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 200 @entity1 with @entity712 in two hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences from June to November 2009. These @entity1 completed a demographic questionnaire, and their @entity25 was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis test, t-test and Linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of @entity1 (n = 158) reported poor @entity25 (PSQI > 5). The range of global PSQI scores was 3-20. Also, a significant relationship was found between PSQI scores and @entity1 ' age (p<0.004), gender (p< 0.042), educational level (p< 0.001), occupational status (p< 0.038), number of hospitalizations (p< 0.005), type of referral (p< 0.001), @entity299 (p< 0.001), diuretic use (p< 0.021) and left ventricular ejection fraction (p< 0.015). Three predictors were identified using regression analyses with stepwise methods, and included age, type of referral and educational level. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of poor @entity25 highlighted the importance of @entity25 in @entity712 @entity1 . There are many factors associated with @entity25 and @entity25 that health providers should recognize for improved and effective management.

title: Sleep quality and associated factors among @entity1 with XXXX in Iran.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'chronic heart failure']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Sleep disorders', 'sleep disorders', 'sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['non-cardiac diseases']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['chronic heart failure']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Since little information is available on the capacity of the @entity28 to adapt to a moderate decrease in energy intake, the effect of a 10-week moderately energy-restricted diet (ER) on energy expenditure and body composition was studied. DESIGN: A controlled intervention study. After a weight-maintaining run-in period of 2 weeks, the ER group received a diet that contained 9.2 MJ/day on average, i.e. 80% of the energy of their habitual diet (estimated by means of a 7-day dietary record) for the next ten weeks while the control group received the weight-maintaining diet. SETTING: Subjects continued daily life habits and came to the Institute every evening to have dinner and to receive food for the next 24 h. SUBJECTS: 24 healthy @entity28 , middle-aged @entity1 participated. Subjects were matched for age and body mass index and randomly assigned to a control group (n = 8) or an ER group (n = 16). RESULTS: Average daily metabolic rate (ADMR, i.e. total energy expenditure), measured with doubly labeled water in eight subjects of the ER group, appeared to be 82.5% of reported energy intake resulting in an actual level of energy restriction in these eight subjects of 33% on average (range 18-42%), rather than 20%. Subjects in the ER group lost 7.4 +/- 1.7 kg; 83% of this @entity353 was fat mass, 17% was fat-free mass. Subjects in the control group lost some weight too (2.1 +/- 1.5 kg). Resting metabolic rate (RMR) (MJ/day) decreased in the ER group (P < 0.001). In this group the thyroid hormone @entity1954 (T3) decreased (P < 0.001), while reverse T3 (rT3) increased (P < 0.05). ADMR decreased significantly. CONCLUSION: Under conditions of a controlled moderately energy-restricted diet in daily life a significant @entity353 can be induced, similar to that observed after a balanced dietary deficit, providing 5 MJ/day. In addition, moderate energy restriction induces a decrease in fat-free mass and a fall in RMR.

title: Impact of a moderately energy-restricted diet on energy metabolism and body composition in @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['men']


abstract: The nature of inflammatory lymphocytes recruited to the CNS has been studied in a model of @entity32 . Injection of killed Corynebacterium parvum into the cortex of the @entity19 brain produces a circumscribed inflammatory cellular infiltrate around the injection site, and recruited mononuclear inflammatory cells (IC) can be isolated for flow cytometric analysis. The majority of IC were T cells. In comparison with the predominant naive population of mesenteric lymph node T cells, @entity784 cells express much higher levels of @entity3844 , @entity4459 and @entity8024 , and lower levels of CD45RB, features commonly associated with memory (previously activated) cells. In addition, in contrast to the @entity6232 + alpha 6-integrinlow phenotype of naive lymph node T cells, @entity784 cells lacked @entity6232 and were alpha 6-integrin-. @entity3804 , recently proposed as another marker of memory T cell differentiation, was not displayed by @entity784 cells, suggesting that @entity3804 expression may be heterogeneous among memory T cell subsets. A subset of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cells, probably representing activated T cells undergoing the naive to memory transition, but not of @entity784 cells, expressed high levels of alpha 6-, beta 7- and alpha E-integrin. IC and MLN naive T cells expressed comparable levels of alpha 4-integrin, but @entity784 cells stain poorly with anti-beta 7 mAbs and with mAb DATK 32, specific for the alpha 4 beta 7 heterodimeric lymphocyte homing receptor for the mucosal addressin @entity37196 , suggesting that these inflammatory cells express more alpha 4 beta 1 than alpha 4 beta 7. Consistent with this, in in vitro adhesion assays, @entity198 bound better than MLN cells to the alpha 4 beta 1 integrin ligand @entity6580 and the @entity4459 ligand @entity8024 but adhered very poorly to the alpha 4 beta 7 ligand @entity37196 . These findings are consistent with and extend previous immunohistological studies of T cells in @entity19 experimental autoimmune @entity1651 , and demonstrate a distinctive phenotype for lymphocytes being present in the chronically inflamed brain.

title: Lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS during @entity32 display a distinctive phenotype and bind to XXXX but not to @entity37196 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['chronic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1651 :: ('MESH:D004679', 'Disease') :: ['encephalomyelitis']

answer: @entity6580 :: (22329(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['VCAM-1']


abstract: The experience with @entity295 due to coagulase-negative @entity5938 at a 623-bed primary care hospital between 1980 and 1984 was reviewed. A total of 38 episodes in 37 @entity1 were documented; data were available on 37 episodes in 36 @entity1 . The organism accounted for 3.8% of all cases of @entity295 and 6.7% of cases of @entity295 and was associated with 0.03% of all admissions. The incidence remained stable over the 5 years. The rate of survival 28 days after the episode was 78%. Most of the episodes (31) originated from infected vascular access sites. Of the 37 isolates 15 (41%), all @entity5938 , were slime producing. @entity5938 accounted for 33 of the isolates; of the 33, 5 were @entity3256 -resistant and slime producing. Various in-vitro susceptibility testing methods and testing for @entity72282 production yielded conflicting results. @entity3256 resistance, slime production and speciation as @entity5938 were not confirmed as virulence markers. Five @entity1 with @entity3256 -resistant organisms were treated with @entity2886 , and all recovered. These findings as well as examination of the literature do not support the recommendations that laboratories report such isolates as resistant to all @entity3405 agents and that @entity2176 be given in all such infections. The different case mix in community hospitals as compared with university centres results in different patterns of @entity580 . Since the community hospital @entity1 population is much larger, more information on the patterns of infections in these centres is needed.

title: XXXX due to coagulase-negative @entity5938 in a community hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3256 :: ('MESH:D008712', 'Chemical') :: ['Methicillin', 'methicillin']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial septicemia', 'septicemia']

entities_list: @entity2176 :: ('MESH:D014640', 'Chemical') :: ['vancomycin']

entities_list: @entity5938 :: ('1282', 'Species') :: ['S. epidermidis', 'Staphylococcus']

entities_list: @entity3405 :: ('CHEBI:35627', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-lactam']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity580 :: ('MESH:D003428', 'Disease') :: ['nosocomial infection']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['Septicemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity23808 ( @entity23808 ) is a progressive @entity2597 of the hand/foot that often leads to debilitating functional impairment. In Europe, orthovoltage @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) has been demonstrated to prevent @entity66 progression for up to 80% of @entity1 with early-stage @entity23808 . There are limited data reporting outcomes for populations outside of Europe or using electron @entity1161 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2008 and 2013, 44 early-stage @entity23808 cases received @entity1161 . @entity1161 fields involved clinically defined targets encompassing involved areas (skin changes, cords, nodules) with at least 1.5-cm margins. En face electrons (6-12 MeV) and bolus (0.5-1 cm) were selected individually. Outcomes are reported for @entity1 who participated in an institutional review board-approved standardized questionnaire and chart review. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 received 66 treatments (45 hands/15 feet and 6 reirradiations). Most frequent dose schemes were 21 Gy (3 Gy in 7 fractions) and 30 Gy (3 Gy in 10 fractions with 6- to 8-week breaks after 15 Gy). Median time to follow-up survey was 31 months. Disease progression at any location within or outside the @entity1161 treatment field occurred in 20 of 33 @entity1 (61%). Fourteen of 60 sites (23%) developed in-field progression, but 4 sites were successfully reirradiated with final local control in 50 of 60 sites (83%). @entity1161 improved pretreatment symptoms of @entity158 with strain at 30 of 37 sites (81%) and itch/burn sensations at 17 of 21 sites (81%). There were no reported grade >= 2 late @entity137 even with reirradiation. @entity1 reported overall success with treatment was 31 of 33 @entity1 (94%). CONCLUSION: @entity23808 is a progressive disease. En face electron @entity1161 is an effective therapy that stabilizes or improves symptoms in the majority of @entity1 . Reirradiation can be considered as a treatment option for in-field progression. @entity1 report minimal @entity137 and a high rate of satisfaction with treatment.

title: @entity1 -reported outcomes after electron radiation treatment for early-stage palmar and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2597 :: ('MESH:D003240', 'Disease') :: ['connective tissue disorder']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity23808 :: ('MESH:C565084', 'Disease') :: ['PPF', 'Palmar and plantar fibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity23808 :: (MESH:C565084,Disease) :: ['plantar fibromatosis']


abstract: Stratification of @entity1 with @entity1582 according to clinical severity was attempted by chromosomal analysis of 180 bone marrow specimens from 79 @entity1 . The 79 @entity1 were hospitalized and treated between 1994 and 1999. Abnormalities of chromosome 1 were detected at the initial medical examination in 8 (10%) of the 79 @entity1 and were found during follow-up in additional 3 @entity1 . Abnormalities of chromosome 1 were often detected in IgA (4/17) and IgD (2/4) @entity1582 , while detection in IgG @entity1582 was relatively rare (4/42). The relevant break points were 1q12 in 5 @entity1 and 1q42 and 1q21 in 3 @entity1 , while 3 @entity1 had trisomy 1. Deficiency of the long arm of chromosome 13 was detected in 6 @entity1 , and this was believed to imply a prognosis. The long arm was completely deleted in 2 @entity1 and part of the arm (13q10-14) was deleted in 4 @entity1 . It is interesting that all 6 @entity1 had concomitant abnormalities of chromosome 1. Although the initial response to treatment of @entity1 having abnormal chromosomes 1 and 13 was comparable to that of @entity1 having other @entity2008 or @entity1 who were karyotypically normal, the median survival time was only 18 months (p < 0.02). Consequently, aggressive treatment such as early stem cell transplantation and so on is needed to improve their survival.

title: Clinical implications of abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 13 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2008 :: ('MESH:D002869', 'Disease') :: ['chromosomal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['myeloma', 'multiple myeloma']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: The precipitation and growth of @entity19022 on @entity575 in physiological @entity4202 solution were investigated. @entity19022 was found to form at bottom of scratches on the surface which may be the less effective sites for diffusion or the favorable sites for heterogeneous nucleation. Patches of @entity32777 expanded laterally on the substrate until a continuous film formed. The ionic transport path through this newly formed continuous film was via spaces between @entity19022 patches. As the film grew, the spaces between @entity19022 patches closed and ion transport was primarily via micro-channels running through @entity19022 patches. The decrease of @entity19022 layer conductivity during film growth were attributed to the clogging of micro-channels or decrease in charge carrier concentration inside the micro-channels. Under thin @entity19022 layer, i.e. on the order of a micrometer, the dissolution of @entity575 substrate was under mixed activation-Ohmic control. Under thick @entity19022 layer, i.e. on the order of tens of micrometers, the dissolution of @entity575 substrate was mediated by the Ohmic resistance of @entity19022 layer.

title: The Effect of @entity32777 Formation on the Kinetics of XXXX Dissolution in Chloride Solution.

entities_list: @entity32777 :: ('MESH:C037548', 'Chemical') :: ['silver chloride']

answer: @entity575 :: (MESH:D012834,Chemical) :: ['Silver']


abstract: @entity1063 -induced arterial contraction in vitro is known to be increased after endothelial denudation and during the subsequent development of intimal @entity1373 . We now report the response to @entity1063 in intimal-thickened iliac vessels in conscious @entity235 . Seven @entity235 underwent balloon catheter deendothelialization of the right iliac artery. Three weeks later, ultrasonic transducers were implanted on both iliac arteries to record dynamic vessel dimension. A catheter was inserted into the terminal abdominal aorta for drug infusion and blood pressure monitoring. The @entity235 were studied unsedated 2 days after instrumentation. @entity1063 was infused at doses that did not affect blood pressure (0.01 to 0.05 micrograms/kg/min). Control vessel diameter decreased from 5.2 mm +/- 0.3 to 5.1 mm +/- 0.3 (2.4% +/- 1.0% when standardized to baseline diameter) and intimal hyperplastic vessels from 6.2 mm +/- 0.4 to 5.7 mm +/- 0.4 (7.6% +/- 1.7%). The difference between control and intimal hyperplastic vessel vasoconstriction was significant at p less than 0.0025. The calculated reduction in total vessel cross-section area for control vessels was 4.5% +/- 1.9%. In intimal hyperplastic vessels total cross-sectional area was reduced by 14.5% +/- 3.3% by vasoconstriction and the luminal cross-sectional area was reduced by 17.9% +/- 0.7% by the intimal @entity1373 . These data suggest that luminal compromise due to intimal @entity1373 is compounded by increased sensitivity to @entity1063 . This effect, demonstrated in a large elastic artery shortly after endothelial denudation, may be of even greater significance in a smaller vessel with advanced intimal @entity1373 .

title: XXXX -induced vasoconstriction is increased in intimal hyperplastic arteries of the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine', 'Norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['Norepinephrine']


abstract: PURPOSE: There are several nomograms for the @entity1 considering radiation therapy for clinically @entity263 . Because of the questionable clinical implications of @entity1486 recurrence, its use as an end point has been criticized in several of these nomograms. The goal of this study was to create and to externally validate a nomogram for predicting the probability that a @entity1 will develop @entity3 within 5 years after three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (CRT). @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, nonrandomized analysis of 1,677 @entity1 treated with three-dimensional CRT at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1988 to 2000. Clinical parameters examined were pretreatment @entity1486 level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason sum. @entity1 were followed until their deaths, and the time at which they developed @entity3 was noted. A nomogram for predicting the 5-year probability of developing @entity3 was constructed from the MSKCC cohort and validated using the Cleveland Clinic series of 1,626 @entity1 . RESULTS: After three-dimensional CRT, 159 @entity1 developed @entity3 . At 5 years, 11% of @entity1 experienced @entity3 by cumulative incidence analysis (95% CI, 9% to 13%). A nomogram constructed from the data gathered from these @entity1 showed an excellent ability to discriminate among @entity1 in an external validation data set, as shown by a concordance index of 0.81. CONCLUSION: A nomogram with reasonable accuracy and discrimination has been constructed and validated using an external data set to predict the probability that a @entity1 will experience @entity3 within 5 years after three-dimensional CRT.

title: Pretreatment nomogram that predicts 5-year probability of @entity3 following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen (PSA)', 'PSA']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: An unmet clinical need in @entity0 management is the accurate identification of @entity1 who will benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy. We hypothesized that integration of postradiation clonogenic survival data with gene expression data across @entity0 cell (BCC) lines would generate a @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) and identify @entity1 with @entity5 refractive to conventional therapy. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using clonogenic survival assays, we identified the surviving fraction (SF-2Gy) after radiation across a range of BCC lines. Intrinsic radiosensitivity was correlated to gene expression using Spearman correlation. Functional analysis was performed in vitro, and enriched biologic concepts were identified. The @entity1161 was generated using a Random Forest model and was refined, cross-validated, and independently validated in additional @entity0 datasets. RESULTS: Clonogenic survival identifies a range of radiosensitivity in @entity1 BCC lines (SF-2Gy 77%-17%) with no significant correlation to the @entity0 subtypes. One hundred forty-seven genes were correlated with radiosensitivity. Functional analysis of @entity1161 genes identifies previously unreported radioresistance-associated genes. @entity1161 was trained, cross-validated, and further refined to 51 genes that were enriched for concepts involving cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage response. @entity1161 was validated in an independent dataset and was the most significant factor in predicting local recurrence on multivariate analysis, outperfoming all clinically used clinicopathologic features. CONCLUSIONS: We derive a @entity1 @entity0 -specific @entity1161 with biologic relevance and validate this signature for prediction of locoregional recurrence. By identifying @entity1 with @entity5 refractory to standard radiation this signature has the potential to allow for personalization of radiotherapy.

title: Development and Validation of a Novel Radiosensitivity Signature in XXXX @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'intrinsic breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation sensitivity signature', 'RSS']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']