abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine how immediate enteral nutrition (EN) affects gut permeability and the development of @entity881 ( @entity881 ) in multiply injured @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomised clinical trial. SETTING: 20-bed surgical intensive care unit (ICU), university hospital. @entity1 : 28 consecutive multiply injured @entity1 , admitted in shock and stabilised in 6 h. INTERVENTIONS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to EN started not later than 6 h after admission to the ICU (group A), and to EN started later than 24 h after admission (group B). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The lactulose/ @entity2656 (L/M) test was performed in @entity1 on days 2 and 4 after @entity130 , and in 5 healthy volunteers. @entity881 scores were calculated daily. The mean @entity881 score from day 4 onwards was 1.84 in group A versus 2.81 in group B (p < 0.002), and was correlated with the time of initiation of EN after injury and the L/M ratio on day 2. The median L/M ratio on day 2 was 0.029 for group A and 0.045 for group B, while on day 4 it was 0.020 and 0.060, respectively. On day 2 after @entity130 , the L/M ratio was significantly higher in group B (p < 0.05) than in normal volunteers (median 0.014) and was positively correlated with the time of starting EN. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with normal volunteers, the @entity1 started on EN later than 24 h after admission to the ICU demonstrated increased intestinal permeability on the second day after sustaining @entity1230 . Also, they had a more severe form of @entity881 than the group placed on EN immediately upon admission. However, early EN had no influence on the length of ICU stay or the time of mechanical ventilation.

title: Effects of early enteral nutrition on intestinal permeability and the development of @entity881 after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity2656 :: ('MESH:D008353', 'Chemical') :: ['mannitol']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple injury']

entities_list: @entity881 :: ('MESH:D009102', 'Disease') :: ['MOF', 'multiple organ failure']

answer: @entity1230 :: (MESH:D009104,Disease) :: ['multiple injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Microvascular invasion is a well-known risk factor for @entity157 recurrence and mortality after hepatic resection and liver transplant. We sought to determine the clinico-pathological predictive factors associated with microvascular invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all @entity1 who had undergone liver transplant because of @entity157 between July 2001 and December 2010 at our institution. Laboratory tests, clinical, and demographic data were obtained. Histopathological @entity1710 and @entity1711 specimens were performed by a single liver pathologist. RESULTS: During the study, 107 @entity1 had LT because of @entity157 and they were selected for this investigation: 76 were @entity1 (71%) and 31 @entity1 (29%) (mean age, 56.8    8.7 y). It was not possible to retrieve histologic samples from 5 @entity1 ; therefore, the final studied analysis was 102 individuals. @entity5 recurrence rate was 12.9%. One-, three- and five-year overall survivals were 75.0%, 71.4%, and 67.5%. Mitotic index, histologic grade, @entity5 architecture, @entity160 , and @entity5 fibrosis were associated with microvascular invasion on univariate analysis. Significant independent predictors of microvascular invasion on logistic regression analysis were histologic grade and mitotic index (P < .001; odds ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.525-4.156, and P = .046; odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.061-6.451). CONCLUSIONS: Mitotic index and histologic grade are significant predictors of microvascular invasion. No other risk factor was identified in the logistic regression. As both pathological characteristics may be assessed by liver biopsy, these results highlight the importance of discussing pretransplant liver biopsy to access prognosis and define treatment modalities in the setting of liver transplant.

title: Histologic Grade and Mitotic Index as Predictors of Microvascular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Invasion in Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of a @entity7207 in the absence of an obvious extrauterine embryo. METHODS: This was a systematic review conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement and registered with PROSPERO. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library for relevant citations from database inception to July 2014. Studies were selected in a two-stage process and their data extracted by two reviewers. Accuracy measures were calculated for each ultrasound sign, i.e. empty uterus, @entity4134 and free fluid in the pouch of Douglas, alone and in various combinations. Individual study estimates were plotted in summary receiver-operating characteristics curves and forest plots for examination of heterogeneity. The quality of included studies was assessed. RESULTS: Thirty-one studies including 5858 @entity1 were selected from 19,959 citations. Following meta-analysis, an empty uterus on ultrasound was found to predict an ectopic pregnancy with a sensitivity of 81.1% (95%   CI, 42.1-96.2%) and specificity of 79.5% (95%   CI, 68.9-87.1%). The corresponding performance of the @entity4134 and free fluid were: 5.5% (95%   CI, 3.3-9.0%) and 94.2% (95%   CI, 75.9-98.8%); 63.5% (95%   CI, 48.5-76.3%) and 91.4% (95%   CI, 83.6-95.7%); and 47.2% (95%   CI, 33.2-61.7%) and 92.3% (95%   CI, 85.6-96.0%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Visualization of an empty uterus, @entity4134 , free fluid or a pseudosac has poor sensitivity for the diagnosis of a tubal pregnancy when an obvious extrauterine embryo is absent, but it has good specificity. We can therefore infer that ultrasound is more useful for 'ruling in' a tubal pregnancy than 'ruling out' one. However, the findings were limited by the poor quality of some included studies and heterogeneity in the index test and reference standard.

title: Accuracy of first-trimester ultrasound in diagnosis of XXXX in the absence of an obvious extrauterine embryo: systematic review and meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity7207 :: ('MESH:D011274', 'Disease') :: ['tubal ectopic pregnancy']

entities_list: @entity4134 :: ('MESH:D000292', 'Disease') :: ['adnexal mass', 'pseudosac, adnexal mass']

answer: @entity7207 :: (MESH:D011274,Disease) :: ['tubal ectopic pregnancy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sublingual administration of allergens is a safe and effective alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy in @entity1 with @entity1576 . A drawback to this therapeutic approach is the relatively long and complex management of the induction phase. AIM OF THE STUDY: To determine whether different induction regimens affect the outcome of sublingual immunotherapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Adult and pediatric @entity1 with @entity56 and/or @entity565 were included in the study. Ten subjects served as controls and received symptomatic treatments. Forty-three subjects were allocated to sublingual immunotherapy, with three different induction protocols (8-, 15- and 20-day, respectively). Symptom and medication scores, skin test results and (in @entity748 @entity1 ) FEV1 values were monitored for two years. Adverse effects were recorded. All induction regimens produced a significant improvement in symptom and medication usage (p < 0.0001); skin test scores decreased (p < 0.0001) and FEV1 improved (p < 0.05). In contrast, symptom and skin test scores did not significantly change in controls. No relevant adverse effects were observed with any of the induction regimens. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity1576 , sublingual immunotherapy with an 8-day induction protocol is safe and effective. Our results encourage the usage of shorter induction regimens, which produce better compliance with this therapy.

title: The efficacy of sublingual immunotherapy for XXXX is not affected by different dosage regimens in the induction phase.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory allergies']

answer: @entity1576 :: (MESH:D012131,Disease) :: ['respiratory allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To develop @entity26 -induced @entity989 in the @entity19 with reproducible and quantifiable @entity2479 suitable for examining pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention for @entity2479 in @entity989 ( @entity989 ) and other vasculopathologies. METHODS: One-week-old C57BL/6J @entity19 were exposed to 75% @entity26 for 5 days and then to room air. A novel fluorescein-dextran perfusion method has been developed to assess the vascular pattern. The proliferative neovascular response was quantified by counting the nuclei of new vessels extending from the retina into the vitreous in 6 microns sagittal cross-sections. @entity2915 were also stained for @entity9327 ( @entity9327 ). RESULTS: @entity941 -dextran angiography delineated the entire vascular pattern, including neovascular tufts in flat-mounted retinas. @entity871 -induced @entity2295 occurred at the junction between the vascularized and avascular retina in the mid-periphery. @entity2479 occurred in all the pups between postnatal day 17 and postnatal day 21. There was a mean of 89 neovascular nuclei per cross-section of 9 eyes in @entity871 compared to less than 1 nucleus per cross-section of 8 eyes in the normoxia control (P < 0.0001). Proliferative vessels were not associated with @entity9327 -positive astrocyte processes. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have described a reproducible and quantifiable @entity19 model of @entity26 -induced @entity2479 that should prove useful for the study of pathogenesis of @entity2479 as well as for the study of medical intervention for @entity989 and other @entity989 .

title: @entity26 -induced @entity989 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['retinal neovascularization', 'proliferative retinal neovascularization', 'Retinal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity9327 :: ('14580(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glial fibrillary acidic protein', 'GFAP']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity871 :: ('MESH:D018496', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperoxia', 'hyperoxia']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['Cross-sections']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'retinopathy of prematurity', 'retinal angiopathies', 'ROP']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: @entity5280 represent the most feared complications associated with vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy. In the present paper we show result of a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out to study different morbidities (F.M. febrile morbidity, U.T.I. urinary tract infections, P.C. @entity12945 , P.A. @entity5280 ) in a sample of 155 @entity1 undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy for non @entity5 , divided into three groups. group C, treated with 2 g @entity3398 i.v. in the preoperative period; group C+T, the same treatment with the addition of T tube suction drainage; group T, with only the T tube suction drainage. A statistical analysis of the sample showed the homogeneity of each group, while the study of the morbidities showed a statistical significant difference for W.I. between the groups treated with antibiotic and the T group (p less than .001). For all the other morbidities, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, demonstrating that all three methods are considerably efficient in reducing postoperative morbidity in hysterectomy.

title: Cefoxitin single dose prophylaxis and/or T tube suction drainage for vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy (Prospective randomized trial on 155 XXXX ).

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignant disease']

entities_list: @entity12945 :: ('MESH:D010249', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic cellulitis']

entities_list: @entity5280 :: ('MESH:D034161', 'Disease') :: ['Pelvic infections', 'pelvic abscess, W.I. wound infection']

entities_list: @entity3398 :: ('MESH:D002440', 'Chemical') :: ['cefoxitin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pathogenesis of @entity1797 is extremely complex, and the expression and role of telomerase in @entity1798 tissues remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to detect telomerase expression in nucleus pulposus tissues of @entity1798 and to explore the correlation between telomerase expression and other factors typical of @entity1797 . A total of 8 @entity1 with degenerative nucleus pulposus were included as the experimental group and compared with 8 control @entity1 without evident @entity1797 . The expression of telomerase in nucleus pulposus tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining. ELISA was performed to determine the differential expression of telomerase, type II collagen and chondroitin @entity597 between the two groups. In addition, a correlation analysis was performed to form associations between these factors. Finally, 5 cases in the experimental group and 5 in the control group were involved in the analysis. Immunohistochemistry results showed that telomerase expression in the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group and the percentage in the unit field of view showed significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Similarly, the ELISA test results showed lower expression levels of telomerase, type II collagen and @entity12006 in the experimental group when compared with the control group (P<0.05). The correlation analysis revealed that telomerase was positively correlated with type II collagen and chondroitin @entity597 (correlation coefficients, 0.673 and 0.528, respectively; P<0.01). In conclusion, telomerase is involved in the degeneration process of nucleus pulposus tissue in lumbar discs and has a positive correlation with other factors typically associated with degeneration.

title: Expression and significance of telomerase in the nucleus pulposus tissues of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar disc degeneration', 'disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity12006 :: ('MESH:D002809', 'Chemical') :: ['chondroitin sulfate']

entities_list: @entity1798 :: ('MESH:C535531', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative lumbar disc', 'degenerative lumbar discs']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity1798 :: (MESH:C535531,Disease) :: ['degenerative lumbar discs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Suction applied to the vestibule through the oval window during stapes surgery is considered a primary risk for postoperative @entity1274 . This study investigated the mechanism of acute phase change in cochlear function caused by aspiration of the opened oval window. STUDY DESIGN: @entity840 model. SETTING: Academic hospital laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: @entity840 were divided into 3 groups: stapes footplate removed without suctioning (6 animals), with indirect suctioning (5 animals), and with direct suctioning of the vestibular perilymph (6 animals). Endocochlear potentials (EPs) were measured at the second turn of the cochlea, and temporal bones were examined histologically. RESULTS: Removal of the stapes footplate without suctioning caused little change in the EP (original value, 80.12    3.52 mV), indirect suctioning caused minor decline of the EP of 9.14    1.84 mV, and partial recovery ensued, whereas direct but gentle suctioning, resulting in dry vestibule, caused reduction in the EP of 16.38    6.63 mV. Recovery was not observed or incomplete. No animals showed profound decrease in the EP. CONCLUSION: Gentle suctioning and removal of the vestibular perilymph can cause a mild decrease in the EP even without damaging the inner ear structures. Therefore, suctioning of the perilymph should be avoided during stapes surgery because acute @entity393 can result even without damaging the inner ear structures. However, @entity393 may not be profound, if suctioning is not vigorous enough to cause damage to the inner ear structures.

title: Effect of aspiration of perilymph during stapes surgery on the endocochlear potential of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['Guinea pigs', 'Guinea pig']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing impairment']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pig']


abstract: Aberrant Wnt/ @entity3546 signaling is a driving force during initiation and progression of @entity14 . Yet, the Wnt/ @entity3546 targets @entity30411 , @entity22166 , @entity23597 and @entity25335 ( @entity25335 ) act as @entity5 suppressors in intestinal epithelial cells and frequently appear to be transcriptionally silenced in @entity189 . The molecular mechanisms which underlie the apparent loss of expression of a subset of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets in a background of persistent pathway activity are largely unknown. To gain insight into this, we quantified expression of @entity30411 and @entity25335 in @entity1 tissue specimens of case-matched colorectal normal mucosa, @entity652 and @entity189 . In particular @entity25335 display biphasic, albeit not strictly coincident, expression profiles with elevated levels in @entity652 and decreased transcription in approximately 30% of the corresponding @entity189 . Consistent with their divergent and variable expression we observed considerable heterogeneity among the epigenetic landscapes at @entity30411 and @entity25335 in a model of @entity14 cell lines. Unlike the inactive @entity30411 locus, @entity25335 maintain DNA hypomethylation of their promoter regions in the silent state. A strong reduction of active histone modifications consistently parallels reduced expression of @entity30411 and @entity23597 and to some extent of @entity22166 . Accordingly, treatment with inhibitors for DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) restored @entity30411 and @entity25335 expression depending upon epigenetic features at their promoters but also upon cellular background. Overall our findings show that downregulation of @entity30411 and EphB receptor genes occurs independently and that different branches of epigenetic control systems including class I and III HDACs contribute to epigenetic silencing of Wnt/ @entity3546 targets during colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Class I and III HDACs and loss of active chromatin features contribute to epigenetic silencing of XXXX and EPHB @entity5 suppressor genes in @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'invasive carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

answer: @entity30411 :: (1044,Gene) :: ['CDX1']


abstract: AIMS: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies in order to assess the association between @entity1723 and @entity174 . BACKGROUND: The risk of @entity174 in @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 has not been studied in a large prospective well designed cohort. METHODS: Data were selected from Medline and Embase and abstracts from annual scientific meetings of various @entity6 and bone and mineral societies. Published studies that reported the @entity174 risk in @entity1 with @entity1723 in comparison with @entity1 without @entity6 between 1990 and July 2014 and abstracts from various annual meeting (2005 onwards) were included in the present meta-analysis. Data were extracted from the text of included publications or from abstracts of conferences. RESULTS: The 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria reported 2066 @entity174 events among 27 300 @entity1 with @entity1723 (7.6%) and 136 579 @entity174 events among 4 364 125 @entity1 without @entity6 (3.1%). The pooled relative risk of any @entity174 in @entity1 with @entity1723 was 3.16 (95% CI 1.51-6.63; P  =  0.002). @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 had a four and two times higher risk of any @entity174 , respectively, compared with @entity1 without @entity6 . The pooled relative risks of @entity173 and @entity174 were 3.78 (95% CI 2.05-6.98; P  <  0.001) and 2.88 (95% CI 1.71-4.82; P  <  0.001), respectively, among @entity1 with @entity1723 . CONCLUSIONS: Our meta-analysis suggests that both @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1723 might have an increased risk of any @entity174 . A large prospective epidemiological study is needed to confirm our findings.

title: @entity1723 and risk of XXXX : meta-analysis and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Women', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) containing @entity1522 has been introduced recently aiming to improve the nutritional status of @entity1726 @entity1 . @entity413 -based PDFs have been implicated in progressive functional and structural deterioration of the peritoneal membrane. Limited data are currently available regarding the effect of @entity535 -based PDF on the function and ultrastructure of @entity1 peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs), which play a critical role in peritoneal membrane pathophysiology. METHODS: We investigated the effects of two commercially available PDFs, which utilized @entity413 (1.5% Dianeal) or @entity1522 (1.1% Nutrineal) as the osmotic agent, obtained from @entity1 after a 4 h dwell, on HPMC proliferation ( @entity98 assay and cell counting) and viability [ @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH)release], @entity650 ( @entity650 ) secretion (commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and ultrastructure (scanning and transmission electron microscopy). RESULTS: Exposure of HPMCs to 1.5% Dianeal reduced cell proliferation, total cellular protein synthesis, @entity650 secretion and cell attachment, but prolonged the cell doubling time on recovery, and increased LDH release (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.0001, P<0.0001, P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). The 1.1% Nutrineal reduced HPMC proliferation (P<0.001) and increased @entity650 secretion (P<0.0001), but did not affect cell attachment, LDH release, protein synthesis or cell doubling time. Ultrastructural studies of HPMCs exposed to Dianeal showed cell flattening, increased cell surface area, reduced microvilli, and intracellular organelles compatible with dysfunctional mitochondria. In contrast, the ultrastructural morphology of HPMCs was relatively preserved after incubation with Nutrineal. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that HPMC ultrastructure, viability and protein synthesis were better preserved with @entity535 -based PDF, compared with conventional dextrose-based PDF. The significance of @entity650 induction by Nutrineal remains to be elucidated.

title: Different effects of @entity535 -based and XXXX -based dialysate from peritoneal dialysis @entity1 on mesothelial cell ultrastructure and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Dextrose', 'dextrose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 may be present at the time type 2 @entity6 is diagnosed, and initial screening encompassing an eye examination performed by an ophthalmologist or optometrist is therefore recommended. However, proper screening for @entity989 may be challenging in many parts of the world. We hypothesized that simple, commonly available @entity1 characteristics can be used to identify @entity1 at high risk for having @entity989 . We investigated data from multiple years extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey which holds information about blood @entity413 and eye examinations. Individuals with hitherto undiagnosed @entity6 were classified according to the presence or absence of @entity989 . Linear classification was used to predict which @entity1 had @entity989 at the time of diagnosis. A total of 266 individuals with undiagnosed @entity6 were identified from the cohorts. Of these, 222 individuals had no sign of @entity989 , whereas 44 had mild or moderate @entity989 . Using information regarding HbA1c, BMI, waist circumference, age, systolic blood pressure, urinary albumin, and urinary @entity1011 , we were able to construct a model that predicts the presence of @entity989 with a positive predictive value of 22% and a negative predictive value of 99%. Only one true positive (1/44) with mild @entity989 was falsely classified. A classification model using readily available @entity1 information and routine biochemical measures can be used to identify @entity1 at high risk of having @entity989 at the time their @entity6 is diagnosed. The model may be used to identify high-risk @entity1 for @entity989 screening.

title: A classification model for predicting eye disease in newly diagnosed @entity1 with type 2 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetic retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy', 'non-proliferative retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['diabetes']


abstract: Between 1969 and 1984, a group of 54 @entity1 with @entity545 was treated at the Medical Radiation Institute of the University of T  bingen. During the first years conventional X-ray irradiation was applied, and since 1974 @entity1 were submitted to 3 or 5 MeV electron irradiation of a linear accelerator, until a total focal dose of 20 Gy was accumulated. 78% of these @entity1 were between 50 and 60 years old. Sixteen @entity1 suffered from a simultaneous @entity2074 , one @entity1 had a @entity82 of mamma virilis. The treatment results reached from satisfactory until very good in 69% of all cases. Complete regression or a considerable improvement was obtained for indurations in 59%, for deviations in 69%, and for erection algesia in 79%. Radiogenic damages can be excluded in case of a gonad exposition of 0.2 Gy. There were no permanent @entity75 after a total focal dose of 20 Gy. The prognostic importance of an early treatment is underlined; late stages presenting ossifications can be treated only by surgery. For routine diagnosis of site, extent, and possible mineralization of the regions involved, soft ray phallography performed with the technique of mammography can be used.

title: [Radiation treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lesions']

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['plastic induration of the penis']

entities_list: @entity2074 :: ('MESH:D004387', 'Disease') :: ['Dupuytren contracture']

answer: @entity545 :: (MESH:D010411,Disease) :: ['plastic induration of the penis']


abstract: BACKGROUND Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) induces @entity39 , which is intensified by regional chemotherapy. By reducing the active @entity5 tissue, it can be assumed that @entity1 on the waiting list for liver transplantation may benefit from this locoregional treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of @entity157 ( @entity157 ) @entity1 before liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 229 @entity1 who were transplanted for @entity157 . A group of 75 @entity1 were treated with TACE prior to liver transplantation. Tumor @entity39 related to pretransplantation locoregional treatment was assessed in an explanted liver and classified into extensive (51-100%), moderate (26-50%) and limited (<25%) grades. Five-year recurrence-free survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS In total, 143 @entity157 were treated with TACE. Extensive @entity39 was found in 63 (44.0%) @entity5 . Moderate and limited @entity39 were observed in 42 (29.4%) and 38 (26.6%) @entity5 , respectively. In 36 (58.1%) explanted livers, every @entity5 was classified as extensively @entity39 . The 5-year recurrence-free survival was estimated as 81.6% in the group not treated with TACE prior to liver transplantation (TACE-) and as 73.1% in the TACE+ group (p=0.169). Among @entity1 not fulfilling the Milan criteria, 5-year recurrence-free survival was 63.1% in TACE- and 65.1% in TACE+ (p=0.656). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TACE prior to liver transplantation is effective in inducing @entity39 . However, evidence of benefits in long-term results after liver transplantation requires further confirmation.

title: Transarterial Chemoembolization Prior to Liver Transplantation in XXXX with @entity157 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma', 'HCC lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis', 'ischemic tumor necrosis', 'tumor necrosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is clear that beta-blockers are effective for treatment of @entity712 , but their mechanism of action remains controversial. Hypothesized mechanisms include normalization of beta-receptor function and myocardial protection from the effects of @entity2661 , possibly by the institution of @entity1168 . We hypothesized that beta-blockade-induced @entity1168 was an important mechanism by which these agents were effective for correction of @entity409 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2 groups of @entity235 with @entity339 and @entity409 , beta-blockers were instituted. In 1 group that received beta-blockers and pacing (group beta+P), a pacemaker prevented the natural @entity1168 that beta-blockers cause. In both groups, substantial @entity409 developed. Before beta-blockade, the end-systolic stiffness constant decreased from 3. 5+/-0.1 to 2.7+/-0.2 (P<0.01) at 3 months in group beta+P. A similar reduction occurred in the group that eventually received only beta-blockers (group betaB). In group betaB, end-systolic stiffness improved after 3 months of beta-blockade from 2.9+/-0.2 to 3.5+/-0.4 and was not different from baseline. However, in group beta+P, end-systolic stiffness failed to improve (2.7+/-0.2) after 3 months of @entity339 , and was 2.9+/-0.2 at the end of the studies. The contractile function of cardiocytes isolated from the ventricles at the end of the studies confirmed these in vivo estimates of contractility. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that institution of @entity1168 is a major mechanism by which beta-blockers are effective for restoration of contractile function in a model of @entity409 .

title: XXXX and the role of beta-blockade in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['LV dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity1168 :: (MESH:D001919,Disease) :: ['Bradycardia']


abstract: Growth of @entity1 connective tissue progenitor cells (CTPs) was characterized on smooth and microtextured @entity13768 ( @entity16549 ) surfaces. @entity1 bone-marrow-derived cells were cultured for 9 days under conditions promoting osteoblastic differentiation on smooth @entity16549 surfaces and on @entity16549 post microtextures that were 6 microm high and 5, 10, 20, and 40 microm in diameter, respectively. Glass tissue-culture dishes were used as controls. The number of viable cells was determined, and an alkaline phosphatase stain was used as a marker for osteoblastic phenotype. CTPs attached, proliferated, and differentiated on all surfaces. Cells on the smooth @entity16549 and control surfaces spread and proliferated as colonies in proximity to other cells and migrated in random directions, with cell process lengths of up to 80 microm. In contrast, cells on the @entity16549 post microtextures grew as sparsely distributed networks of cells, with processes, occasionally up to 300 microm, that appeared to interact with the posts. Cell counts revealed that there were fewer (50%) CTPs on the smooth @entity16549 surface than were on the glass control surfaces. However, there were consistently more (>144%) CTPs on the @entity16549 post textures than on the controls. In particular, the 10-microm-in-diameter posts (268%) exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) greater cell number than did the smooth @entity16549 .

title: Growth of connective tissue progenitor cells on microtextured XXXX surfaces.

entities_list: @entity13768 :: ('MESH:C013830', 'Chemical') :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']

answer: @entity13768 :: (MESH:C013830,Chemical) :: ['polydimethylsiloxane']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity358 ( @entity358 ) remains a major factor in morbidity and @entity204 in severely injured @entity1 , especially those in specific high-risk groups. PEs have been documented to occur despite routine @entity1150 prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of prophylactic Greenfield filter (PGF) placement in @entity1 who have @entity1230 with known high-risk injuries for @entity358 . METHODS: From January 1992 to June 1994, PGF were prospectively placed in 108 @entity1 who had an injury severity score greater than 9 and met one of the following criteria: (1) severe @entity542 with prolonged ventilator dependence, (2) severe @entity542 with multiple @entity174 , (3) @entity1566 with or without @entity912 , (4) major abdominal or pelvic penetrating @entity1317 , (5) pelvic @entity174 with @entity174 . These @entity1 were compared with 216 @entity1 , historically matched for age, sex, mechanism of @entity130 severity score, and days in the intensive care unit. Data analysis was done with chi-squared and Student's t testing. RESULT: There were no statistical differences between the PGF and control group with regard to age (35.9 +/- 1.5 vs 38.3 +/- 1.4), sex (male 76% vs 75.5%), days in the intensive care unit (21.2 +/- 1.4 vs 18.1 +/- 1.5), ISS (28.0 +/- 1.0 vs 25.4 +/- 0.8) and mechanism of injury (blunt 85% vs 81%). None of the @entity1 in the PGF group had a @entity358 . In the control group, however, 13 @entity1 had a @entity358 , nine of which were fatal. These differences were statistically significant for both @entity358 (p < 0.009) and @entity358 -related @entity204 (p < 0.03). The overall mortality rate was reduced in the PGF group (18 of 108, 16%) versus the control group (47 of 216, 22%); however, this did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION: PGF insertion in selected @entity1 at high risk who had @entity130 effectively prevented both fatal and nonfatal @entity358 . The lower incidence of fatal @entity358 in the PGF group may have contributed to a reduction in the overall mortality rate. @entity1 who have @entity130 with high risk for @entity358 should be considered for PGF placement.

title: Prophylactic Greenfield filter placement in selected high-risk @entity130 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head injury']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['Pulmonary embolus', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['multiple trauma']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'injury, injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Changes in iris color have been noted anecdotally after @entity231 surgery in @entity1 , but they have not been studied systematically. The mechanism for these iris color changes has not previously been reported in the biomedical literature. METHODS: Photographs were taken of both eyes of 15 @entity1 and 11 @entity2608 who had undergone unilateral @entity231 surgery. Masked examiners reviewed the photographs and compared the iris color of the eyes that were operated on with the eyes that were not operated on. Between 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, the level of @entity3774 in the @entity7462 (n = 4) and vitreous humor (n = 2) was measured in both the operated and nonoperated eyes of 4 monkeys that had undergone a neonatal lensectomy during the first 5 days of life. RESULTS: Thirteen of 15 @entity1 had a darker iris color in the operated eye in relation to the nonoperated (control) eye. Four of 11 monkeys had a uniformly darker iris in the operated eye; the other 7 monkeys had regional darkening or patches of darker iris in the eye that was operated on. The @entity3774 levels in neonatal monkeys were higher in the @entity7462 and in the vitreous humor of the operated eye in relation to the nonoperated eye. CONCLUSION: In some @entity1 , @entity231 surgery is associated with a darkening of the iris color in the operated eye. We speculate that this darkening results from an exuberant prostaglandin release stimulated by the @entity231 surgery and may occur through the same or a similar mechanism by which latanoprost causes the darkening of iris color.

title: Heterochromia after pediatric XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['cataract']

entities_list: @entity7462 :: ('MESH:C562390', 'Disease') :: ['aqueous humor']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['cataract']


abstract: In this study, @entity11898 was used as a model of @entity11898 and the pathogenesis of the @entity56515 of @entity11898 was investigated. @entity11898 was induced in @entity35 fetuses by a single oral administration of myleran to pregnant @entity35 on day 10 of pregnancy. The dose of myleran administered was 40 mg/kg of body weight. In order to observe the process of formation of the foot plates and digital rays of @entity11898 , histological examination was done. The period of development studied was from day 12 to 16 of pregnancy. A series of fetuses was surgically removed from their mothers at 12 hours' interval. Histological examinations of the hind limbbuds and foot plates were performed quantitatively. The formation of hind limbbuds was detected on day 12 in myleran treated group as in control group. The formation of digital rays in the myleran treated group was initially observed on day 14.5, 12 hours later than control. The size of hind limbbuds and the density of mesenchymal cells in hind limbbuds treated by myleran was smaller than control and the @entity509 of the limbbuds was maximum on day 14. The shape of foot plates treated by myleran was asymmetrical compared with the symmetrical limbbuds in controls. Concerning @entity3145 in limbbuds, dead cells of ectoderm were distributed on the top of the limbbuds on day 12 and they disappeared 24 hours later. On the other hand, dead cells of mesenchyme were scattered in hind limbbuds on day 12.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Histological analysis of myleran induced @entity56515 of longitudinal deficiency in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11898 :: ('MESH:C564523', 'Disease') :: ['tibial ray deficiency', 'longitudinal ray deficiency', 'Tibial ray deficiency']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity509 :: ('MESH:C538429', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplasia']

entities_list: @entity56515 :: ('MESH:C535688', 'Disease') :: ['oligodactyly']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the effect of @entity9882 supplementation plus @entity4388 on high-intensity cycling capacity. METHODS: Twenty males (age = 25    5 yr, height = 1.79    0.06 m, body mass = 80.0    10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or a @entity9882 (BA; 6.4 g  d(-1) for 4 wk) group based on power max, completing four cycling capacity tests at 110% of power max (CCT110%) to determine time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work done. A CCT(110%) was performed twice (habituation and baseline) before supplementation (with maltodextrin [MD]) and twice after supplementation (with MD and with @entity4388 [SB]), using a crossover design with 2 d of rest between trials, creating four study conditions ( @entity16803 , PSB, BAMD, and BASB). Blood pH, @entity880 , @entity3157 and base excess were determined at baseline, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 5 min after exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: TTE was increased in all conditions after supplementation (+1.6% @entity16803 , +6.5% PSB, +12.1% BAMD, and +16.2% BASB). Both BAMD and BASB resulted in significantly improved TTE compared with that before supplementation (P  <= 0.01). Although further increases in TTE (4.1%) were shown in BASB compared with BAMD, these differences were not significant (P = 0.74). Differences in total work done were similar to those of TTE. Blood @entity3157 concentrations were significantly (P  <= 0.001) elevated before exercise in PSB and BASB but not in @entity16803 or BAMD. Blood @entity880 concentrations were significantly elevated after exercise, remaining elevated after 5 min of recovery (P  <= 0.001) and were highest in PSB and BASB. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that BA improved high-intensity cycling capacity. However, despite a 6-s (   4%) increase in TTE with the addition of SB, this did not reach statistical significance, but magnitude-based inferences suggested a    70% probability of a meaningful positive difference.

title: Effect of @entity9882 plus XXXX on high-intensity cycling capacity.

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity3157 :: ('CHEBI:17544', 'Chemical') :: ['bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate', 'lactate']

answer: @entity4388 :: (MESH:D017693,Chemical) :: ['sodium bicarbonate']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4672 , a third generation aromatase inhibitor is gaining importance in ovulation induction. Some prefer to use it as a second line agent in @entity1 who fail to respond to @entity22300 . However, our knowledge about the predictors of response to @entity4672 is limited. AIMS: The study was aimed at identifying the factors associated with @entity4672 resistance among @entity1 with World Health Organization (WHO) group II @entity3206 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Study was conducted at the @entity249 clinic at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. A case-control study design was used and included 50 subjects with WHO group II @entity3206 (25 @entity4082 responsive and 25 @entity4082 resistant). After a treatment cycle of @entity4672 , the factors were compared between the subjects who responded and those who failed to respond to treatment. RESULTS: Ovulation was achieved in 76% (n = 19) of subjects who had responded to @entity4082 previously and in 24% (n = 6) with @entity4082 resistance. The factors associated with @entity4672 resistance included the presence of @entity3427 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-12.3) and @entity4082 resistance (OR: 10.03; 95% CI: 2.81-35.7). The early follicular phase mean (standard deviation) luteinizing hormone level was significantly higher among the nonresponders (9.75 [4.78] - 7.28 [2.3]; P = 0.02). Nonresponders showed significantly lower levels of @entity53 on the 5(th) and 9(th) days (28.50 [3.39] pg/mL vs. 7.49 [3.62] pg/mL; P = 0.0007 and 142.04 [76.22] pg/mL vs. 28.10 [12.8] pg/mL; P = 0.0001) of the menstrual cycle, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The features associated with resistance to @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg show some overlap with those associated with @entity4082 resistance. However, some features do not show similar association. The effectiveness of @entity4672 at a dose of 2.5 mg in induction of ovulation among @entity1 with @entity4082 resistance is low and it does not seem to be a suitable treatment at a dose of 2.5 mg for this indication.

title: Factors associated with nonresponse to ovulation induction using @entity4672 among @entity1 with World Health Organization group II XXXX .

entities_list: @entity249 :: ('MESH:D007246', 'Disease') :: ['infertility']

entities_list: @entity4672 :: ('MESH:C067431', 'Chemical') :: ['letrozole', 'Letrozole']

entities_list: @entity4082 :: ('MESH:D002996', 'Chemical') :: ['clomifene']

entities_list: @entity3206 :: ('MESH:D000858', 'Disease') :: ['anovulation']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity22300 :: ('CHEBI:3753', 'Chemical') :: ['clomifene citrate']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

answer: @entity3206 :: (MESH:D000858,Disease) :: ['anovulation']


abstract: Study Design   Retrospective case series. Objective   To determine the effect of @entity28 on the resource utilization and cost in 3270 consecutive @entity1 undergoing elective noninstrumented decompressive surgeries for @entity179 at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2005 and 2012. Methods   Groups were assessed for baseline differences (age, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] classification, procedure type, and number of operative levels). Outcome variables included the transfusion requirements during surgery, the total anesthesia and surgical times, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, standardized costs, as well as the ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS). Regression analysis was used to evaluate for strength of association between @entity28 and outcome variables. Results   Baseline differences between the groups (nonobese: n   =   1,853; @entity28 : n   =   1,417) were found with respect to age, ASA class, gender, procedure type, and number of operative levels. After correcting for differences, we found significant associations between @entity28 and surgical (p   <   0.0001) and anesthesia times (p   <   0.0001) and hospital LOS (p   <   0.0001). Additionally, ICU admission rates (p   =   0.02) and requirement for postoperative ventilation (p   =   0.048) were significantly higher in @entity28 @entity1 . Finally, mean difference in total cost ( 1,632, p   <   0.0001) was significantly higher for the @entity28 cohort. Conclusion   Obesity is associated with increased resource utilization and cost in @entity1 undergoing a noninstrumented decompressive surgery for @entity179 .

title: The Impact of Obesity on Perioperative Resource Utilization after Elective Spine Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['degenerative spine disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

answer: @entity179 :: (MESH:D019636,Disease) :: ['Degenerative Disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7025 ( @entity7025 ) and @entity7025 (definite @entity7025 ) have similar cerebral angiographic features, but whether these @entity66 have similar etiology or genetic background remains unclear. Recently, we have reported that the recently identified @entity7025 susceptibility gene variant @entity8731 @entity71283 ( @entity60352 ) was associated with @entity731 intracranial major @entity2791 /occlusion. The present study investigated the occurrence of @entity8731 @entity71283 in @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 . METHODS: This study was a 2-hospital-based case-control study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital and Kanto Neurosurgical Hospital. A total of 87 Japanese @entity1 who agreed to participate in this study were enrolled among both new and revisiting outpatients from October 2011 to December 2013 as follows: 78 @entity1 with definite @entity7025 and 9 @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 . RESULTS: The 9 @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 included 3 @entity1 with previous irradiation, 2 with @entity1378 , 1 with @entity2689 , 1 with @entity693 , 1 with Beh  et disease, and 1 with idiopathic @entity693 . The 78 @entity1 with definite @entity7025 included 66 @entity1 (84.6%) with the @entity71283 variant (64 heterozygotes and 2 homozygous). In contrast, no @entity1 with nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 had the variant. CONCLUSIONS: Nonatherosclerotic quasi- @entity7025 did not have @entity8731 @entity71283 variant. @entity7025 and @entity66 might be classified by genetic analysis of the @entity8731 @entity71283 genotype. Further larger studies are required to confirm the present findings.

title: Genetic Analysis of XXXX @entity71283 Variant in Nonatherosclerotic Quasi-Moyamoya Disease.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['related diseases']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis', 'pachymeningitis']

entities_list: @entity2689 :: ('MESH:D014424', 'Disease') :: ['Turner syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7025 :: ('MESH:D009072', 'Disease') :: ['Quasi-moyamoya disease', 'Moyamoya disease', 'MMD']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

answer: @entity8731 :: (57674,Gene) :: ['RNF213']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 natural killer (NK) cells are thought to play a role in antiviral response and @entity5 immune surveillance. The molecular mechanisms of down regulation of NK-cell activity observed after red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is still undefined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Both effects of blood transfusion (ex vivo) and supernatants (SNs) derived from RBC units unstored (RBC-0) or stored for 5 or 30 days (RBC-5 or -30, respectively) in vitro were analyzed on NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity. RESULTS: We have found that NK cells isolated from transfused @entity1 on Day 3 lysed the NK-sensitive target cells K562 to a lesser extent than before transfusion. This down regulation of NK-cell activation was evident also for NK-cell killing mediated through the engagement of NK cell-activating receptors as @entity3223 , @entity3221 , @entity3222 , and @entity4071 . Transfused @entity1 reacquired NK cell-mediated cytolytic activity from Day 5 to Day 7 after transfusion. SN from RBC-30, but not from RBC-0 or RBC-5, strongly inhibited the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and lysis of the NK-resistant target cell Jurkat in a dose-dependent manner. @entity2533 ( @entity2533 ) blocking antibodies partially restored the generation of LAK activity. In addition, the depletion of both soluble Class I human leukocyte antigens (sHLA-I) and soluble @entity12 (sFasL) from SN of RBC-30 completely restored the generation of LAK activity. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these findings would support the idea that blood transfusion-mediated down regulation of NK-cell activity is mediated by sHLA-I, sFasL, and @entity2533 .

title: Down regulation of XXXX natural killer cell-mediated cytolysis induced by blood transfusion: role of transforming growth factor-b(1), soluble @entity12 , and soluble Class I human leukocyte antigen.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2533 :: ('7040', 'Gene') :: ['Transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: An apparently new syndrome of @entity231 , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 was described by Gripp et al. 1996. The authors reported on two unrelated @entity1 with @entity231 , @entity1274 , distinctive facial appearance, @entity1032 , postnatal @entity851 , and skeletal changes. We report on two additional @entity1 with findings most similar to the reported @entity1 by Gripp et al. 1996, including bilateral @entity231 , @entity393 , @entity2122 , @entity851 , @entity853 , and @entity245 . Both of the @entity1 reported herein had chromosome microarray analysis, which showed normal results in @entity1 2 but abnormal results in @entity1 1 and his mother who both had a chromosome 11q25 subtelomere deletion. @entity1 1 and his mother's findings are atypical for the common findings reported in @entity19634 (11q terminal deletion syndrome), and consistent with the @entity1 reported by Gripp et al. 1996. The etiology for these cases has been unknown. The microarray results on @entity1 1 suggest that the other @entity1 with findings of @entity245 , @entity851 , @entity231 , @entity1274 , and similar craniofacial features may have either a microdeletion of chromosome 11q terminal region or haploinsufficiency of a gene localized to this region.

title: Syndrome of XXXX , @entity1274 , @entity70801 , @entity851 , and @entity1032 : two additional cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity231 :: ('MESH:D002386', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cataracts']

entities_list: @entity853 :: ('MESH:D009139', 'Disease') :: ['skeletal abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity70801 :: ('MESH:C563390', 'Disease') :: ['Down syndrome-like facial appearance']

entities_list: @entity1274 :: ('MESH:D006319', 'Disease') :: ['sensorineural hearing loss', 'sensorineural deafness']

entities_list: @entity19634 :: ('MESH:D054868', 'Disease') :: ['Jacobsen syndrome']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['hearing loss']

answer: @entity231 :: (MESH:D002386,Disease) :: ['congenital cataracts']


abstract: The effects of @entity2072 on a @entity1 electroencephalographic event related potential (ERP) were measured. Forty-eight subjects received one of three IV doses (0.2, 0.4, or 0.6 mg/kg) and placebo. Thirty-three subjects received one of three oral doses (2, 3, or 4 mg/kg). All IV and oral doses reduced amplitude of the auditory ERP @entity19689 and @entity3493 components during the oddball task. @entity19689 latency decreased. N100 amplitude was reduced only after IV administration. The changes in ERPs occurred during the period of peak cardiovascular and subjective effects. The amplitude reduction in ERP components occurring before the @entity3493 component is consistent with decrements in attention, specifically selective attention. The @entity3493 amplitude reduction after @entity2072 suggests a disruption of stimulus evaluation resources. The findings are inconsistent with the notion that stimulants affect only response selection and execution. The degree to which stimulants alter cognitive processes prior to response selection may depend on the magnitude of the cardiovascular, subjective, and probably other noncognitive effects.

title: Information processing components of the auditory event related potential are reduced by XXXX .

answer: @entity2072 :: (MESH:D003042,Chemical) :: ['cocaine']


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity3083 occurring after percutaneous @entity3574 has rarely been described. To date, only two such cases have been documented in the literature. @entity3574 may reactivate a quiescent tuberculous lesion and promote the infective process in elderly @entity1 with or without immunosuppression, thereby resulting in poor outcomes. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to present two cases in which spinal @entity378 occurred after vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty, to highlight the clinical features and need for early diagnosis of this pathology, and to postulate probable reasons for this association. STUDY DESIGN: This study is based on a clinical case series and literature review. METHODS: In this report, we review the clinical histories of two old @entity1 undergoing @entity3574 with subsequent spinal @entity378 . RESULTS: The first @entity1 responded favorably to conservative treatment with multidrug antitubercular therapy and spinal braces. The second @entity1 underwent surgical debridement through a posterior approach alone, without instrumentation, combined with adjuvant chemotherapy. By 1 year after treatment, both @entity1 had experienced almost complete recovery and continued to be seen for follow-up visits. CONCLUSIONS: Suspicion should be high, and magnetic resonance imaging is warranted in cases with deteriorating clinical symptoms and signs of @entity697 after @entity3574 . We propose obtaining exhaustive microbiologic and histologic evidence via needle biopsy or open surgery in a timely fashion to establish an accurate diagnosis because @entity1511 occurring in such a situation may progress rapidly.

title: @entity3083 of the lumbar spine after percutaneous XXXX (vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute infection']

entities_list: @entity3574 :: ('OMIM:277300', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral augmentation', 'Vertebral augmentation']

entities_list: @entity3083 :: ('MESH:D014399', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity1511 :: ('MESH:D013166', 'Disease') :: ['tubercular spondylitis']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity3574 :: (OMIM:277300,Disease) :: ['vertebral augmentation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of @entity5 is not solely a consequence of loss of proliferation constraints but also involves loss of cellular differentiation, defined histopathologically as grade. Although @entity5 grade is an independent prognostic marker for @entity189 ( @entity189 ), the molecular events underpinning the loss of urothelial differentiation are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of gene alterations implicated in @entity189 development on the ability of @entity1 urothelial cells to undergo molecular differentiation and form a functional urothelial barrier. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : Laboratory study. INTERVENTION: Normal @entity1 urothelial (NHU) cell cultures were transduced with recombinant retroviruses to produce stable sublines overexpressing wild-type or oncogenic mutated @entity2557 or @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity2215 ). Previously generated NHU sublines carrying dominant-negative CDK4 and p53 mutant genes or immortalised with the @entity1799 E6 oncoprotein were included. MEASUREMENTS: The activity of introduced transgenes was demonstrated by comparing phenotypes of transgene-expressing and isogenic control NHU cells. Modified and control sublines were compared for changes in generational potential (life span) and capacity to respond to differentiation-inducing signals by transcript expression of uroplakins 2 and 3. The ability to form a barrier epithelium was assessed by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: By contrast to @entity5 suppressor loss of function or oncogene overactivation, @entity2215 overexpression alone led to life span extension and immortalisation. The @entity2215 immortalised cells carried no gross genomic alterations but became progressively insensitive to differentiation signals and lost the ability to form an epithelial barrier. Further characterisation of @entity2215 cells revealed a downregulation of p16 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor expression and loss of responsiveness to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y, providing mechanistic explanations for the subjugation of senescence constraints and the abrogation of differentiation capability, respectively. Although immortalised urothelial cell lines without karyotypic aberrations may be generated, such cell lines are compromised in terms of differentiation and functional capacity. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of @entity2215 promotes development of an immortalised differentiation-insensitive urothelial cell phenotype. Although such cells offer a useful insight into the grade/stage paradigm of @entity189 , they have limited value for investigating normal urothelial cell/tissue biology and physiology.

title: Immortalisation of normal XXXX urothelial cells compromises differentiation capacity.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial malignancy', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2557 :: ('2261', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor receptor 3']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity1799 :: ('333760', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus 16']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Expression of the Down syndrome critical region 1 ( @entity55686 ) protein, an inhibitor of the @entity141 -dependent phosphatase @entity53921 , is elevated in the brains of @entity1 with Down syndrome (DS) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ). Although increased levels of @entity55686 were often observed to be deleterious to neuronal health, its beneficial effects against @entity195 neuropathology also have been reported, and the roles of @entity55686 on the pathogenesis of @entity195 remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of sarah ( @entity72410 )/nebula, a @entity238 @entity55686 ortholog, in amyloid-b42 (Ab42)-induced neurological phenotypes in @entity238 . We detected @entity72410 expression in the mushroom bodies of the @entity238 brain, which are a center for learning and memory in flies. Moreover, similar to @entity1 with @entity195 , Ab42-expressing flies showed increased @entity72410 levels in the brain, demonstrating that the expression pattern of @entity55686 with regard to @entity195 pathogenesis is conserved in @entity238 . Interestingly, overexpression of @entity72410 using the UAS-GAL4 system exacerbated the rough eye phenotype, decreased survival rates, and increased neuronal cell death in Ab42-expressing flies without modulating Ab42 expression. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of @entity72410 in combination with Ab42 dramatically reduced both locomotor activity and the adult lifespan of Ab42-expressing flies, while flies with overexpression of @entity72410 alone showed normal climbing ability albeit with a slightly reduced lifespan. Similarly, treatment with chemical inhibitors of @entity53921 such as @entity1140 and @entity205 , or knockdown of @entity53921 expression by RNAi, exacerbated the Ab42-induced rough eye phenotype. Furthermore, @entity72410 -overexpressing flies displayed significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA and @entity855 levels, as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to that of control flies. Taken together, our results demonstrating that @entity72410 overexpression augments Ab42 @entity137 in @entity238 suggest that @entity55686 up-regulation or @entity53921 down-regulation in the brain may exacerbate Ab42-associated neuropathogenesis in @entity195 or DS.

title: The XXXX inhibitor, Sarah/Nebula, exacerbates Ab42 phenotypes in a @entity238 model of @entity195 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['fly', 'Drosophila']

answer: @entity53921 :: (43670(Tax:7227),Gene) :: ['calcineurin']


abstract: From 1963 to 1983, 26 @entity1 with @entity788 were treated at the Lahey Clinic, Burlington, Mass. @entity9296 (15 @entity1 ) was more common than @entity7157 (11 @entity1 ). Preoperative symptoms, such as @entity490 , were present for as long as 18 years before diagnosis. The mean size of cysts was 7 cm. Distal pancreatectomy, the most common operation, was performed in ten @entity1 . Eight of the 11 @entity1 with @entity7157 had @entity3 at the time of surgical exploration. There was one postoperative death (3.8%). @entity1 with @entity7157 had an adjusted median survival time after operation of 6.0 months. The long prodrome in many of the @entity5 @entity1 suggests that benign @entity9296 , particularly of the mucinous type, may undergo @entity528 . Benign @entity9296 seems unlikely to recur after adequate resection. Whenever possible, complete excision of @entity9296 and @entity7157 is the procedure of choice.

title: XXXX of the pancreas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['cystic neoplasms of the pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenoma', 'Cystadenoma', 'cystadenomas']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['malignant degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7157 :: ('MESH:D003536', 'Disease') :: ['cystadenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cystic neoplasms']


abstract: Pesticide-induced changes in surface @entity4222 by earthworms in grassland were investigated using trapping and the fungicide @entity13642 . Traps were tended daily for 15 days after spraying, resulting in 2152 earthworms, five species, and juvenile predominance which reflected species/life-stage composition in the soil. Significant increases in @entity4222 (all worms) occurred already by day 2 due to spraying, final treatment level being 2.8 x control. Life-stage composition indicated an increased juvenile proportion from 55% to 75% due to treatment. Spraying caused surfacing juveniles to increase significantly by day 2, reaching a final level 3.8 x control, whereas for mature worms a significant increase did not occur until day 4. Species rank-order was Aporrectodea longa>A. rosea> @entity6404 >A. caliginosa in control areas, but A. longa> @entity6405 >A. rosea>A. caliginosa in sprayed areas; spraying altered the rank-order such that the anecic A. longa and @entity6405 dominated, jointly increasing from 59% to 78%. At species level, @entity6405 and A. longa exhibited significant increases of 4.6 x and 3.6 x in final @entity4222 levels in treated areas, the @entity1129 having trends for increase. Species-specific differences for reaction time occurred, with significantly elevated @entity4222 already by day 1 for @entity6405 , and day 2 for @entity1129 . For each species, juveniles consistently showed greater increases than mature worms due to spraying, significantly so for juvenile @entity6405 , A. longa, and A. caliginosa, the two anecics reaching as high as 5.3 x and 4.7 x. The response of mature worms differed: A. longa and A. rosea increased surfacing due to treatment, @entity6405 showed a delayed reaction, whereas A. caliginosa exhibited suppressed @entity4222 . Results are discussed relative to behavior, ecological category, and risk of toxic exposure.

title: Pesticide-induced surface XXXX by lumbricid earthworms in grassland: life-stage and species differences.

entities_list: @entity4222 :: ('MESH:D014085', 'Disease') :: ['migration']

entities_list: @entity6404 :: ('6398', 'Species') :: ['Lumbricus terrestris']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['endogeic A. rosea and A. caliginosa', 'A. longa and A. caliginosa']

answer: @entity4222 :: (MESH:D014085,Disease) :: ['migration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanical fixation of orthopaedic and dental implants is compromised by diminished bone volume, such as with @entity170 . Systemic administration of @entity71949 antibody (Scl-Ab) has been shown to enhance implant fixation in normal animals. In the present study, we tested whether Scl-Ab can improve implant fixation in established @entity170 in a @entity35 model. METHODS: We used an ovariectomized (ovx) @entity35 model, in which we found a 78% decrease in trabecular bone volume at the time of implant surgery; sham-ovx, age-matched @entity35 were used as controls. After placement of a @entity702 implant in the medullary cavity of the distal aspect of the femur, the @entity35 were maintained for four, eight, or twelve weeks and treated biweekly with Scl-Ab or with the delivery vehicle alone. Outcomes were measured with use of microcomputed tomography, mechanical testing, and static and dynamic histomorphometry. RESULTS: Scl-Ab treatment doubled implant fixation strength in both the sham-ovx and ovx groups, although the enhancement was delayed in the ovx group. Scl-Ab treatment also enhanced bone-implant contact; increased peri-implant trabecular thickness and volume; and increased cortical thickness. These structural changes were associated with an approximately five to sevenfold increase in the bone-formation rate and a >50% @entity308 in the eroded surface following Scl-Ab treatment. Trabecular bone thickness and bone-implant contact accounted for two-thirds of the variance in fixation strength. CONCLUSIONS: In this model of severe @entity170 , Scl-Ab treatment enhanced implant fixation by stimulating bone formation and suppressing bone resorption, leading to enhanced bone-implant contact and improved trabecular bone volume and architecture. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Systemic administration of anti- @entity71949 antibodies might be a useful strategy in total joint replacement when bone mass is deficient.

title: XXXX antibody treatment improves implant fixation in a model of severe @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity71949 :: (80722(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['Sclerostin']


abstract: @entity910 ( @entity910 ) is a @entity74 associated with abnormalities in ciliary structure and function. Although recurrent @entity1729 associated with @entity409 is a common clinical feature, there is no standardized treatment or management of @entity1729 in @entity910 @entity1 . Here, we report that @entity1729 with @entity910 and @entity18697 ( @entity18697 ) were treated successfully with @entity4581 before the surgical resection of @entity18697 . A 15-year-old non-smoking Japanese @entity1 was admitted for productive cough and @entity1353 on exertion. Chest CT scan on admission showed complex cystic LESIONS with air-fluid level in the right lower lobe, and diffuse nodular shadows in the whole lobe of the lung. On flexible bronchoscopy examination, sputum and bronchiolar fluid cultures revealed @entity794 ( @entity794 ). An electron microscopic examination of the cilia showed inner @entity1345 . Administration of @entity4581 improved the lower respiratory tract @entity281 associated with @entity794 . CT angiography after @entity4581 treatment demonstrated an aberrant systemic artery arising from the celiac trunk and supplying the @entity5409 that were incorporated into the normal @entity358 without their own pleural covering. Based on these results, the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity910 and @entity18697 . Because of the @entity4581 treatment, resection of the @entity18697 was performed safely without any complications. Although further observation of @entity4581 treatment is needed, we believe that @entity4581 may be considered one of the agents for treating @entity910 .

title: Successful treatment of chronic lower respiratory tract XXXX by macrolide administration in a @entity1 with intralobar pulmonary sequestration and primary @entity910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic mass lesions']

entities_list: @entity18697 :: ('MESH:D001998', 'Disease') :: ['intralobar sequestration', 'ILS']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['ciliary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S.  aureus']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['PCD', 'Primary ciliary dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary parenchyma']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disease']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory infection']

entities_list: @entity1345 :: ('MESH:C566258', 'Disease') :: ['dynein arm deficiency']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['infection']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of MRI-guidance for core decompression of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve MRI-guided core decompressions were performed on @entity1 with different stages of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 . The @entity1 were asked to evaluate their @entity158 and their ability to function before and after the procedure and imaging findings were reviewed respectively. RESULTS: Technical success in reaching the target was 100  % without complications. Mean duration of the procedure itself was 54  min. All @entity1 with ARCO stage 1 @entity2530 experienced clinical benefit and pathological MRI findings were seen to diminish. @entity1 with more @entity1442 gained less, if any, benefit and total hip arthroplasty was eventually performed on four @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: MRI-guidance seems technically feasible, accurate and safe for core decompression of @entity2530 of the @entity2738 . @entity1 with early stage @entity2530 may benefit from the procedure. KEY POINTS:     MRI is a useful guidance method for minimally invasive musculoskeletal interventions.     Bone drilling seems beneficial at early stages of @entity2530 .     MRI-guidance is safe and accurate for @entity79 .

title: MRI-guidance in percutaneous core decompression of @entity2530 of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone drilling']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['femoral head']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis', 'avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity2738 :: (MESH:D005271,Disease) :: ['femoral head']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the characteristics of sexual assault in pubertal @entity1 (<18 years old) and adults in a community-based population of @entity1 presenting to an urban @entity458 . METHODS: This case-series analysis evaluated consecutive female @entity1 presenting to a @entity458 during a three-year study period. The clinic is associated with a university-affiliated emergency medicine residency program and is staffed by forensic nurses trained to perform medicolegal examinations using colposcopy with nuclear staining. @entity1 demographics, assault characteristics, and injury patterns were recorded using a standardized classification system. Data from the two @entity1 groups (adolescents vs. @entity1 > or =18 years of age) were analyzed using chi-square test and t-test. RESULTS: A total of 766 cases were identified: 43% of the victims were 13 to 17 years old (mean 15.0 years old), and 57% were older than 17 years old (mean 30.8 years old). Adolescents were more likely to be assaulted by an acquaintance or relative (84% vs. 50%, p < 0.001) and to delay medical evaluation (17 hours vs. 12 hours, p < 0.001) than were older @entity1 . Adolescent sexual assault was less likely to involve weapons or physical coercion (29% versus 57%, p < 0.001) and was associated with fewer @entity130 (33% vs. 55%, p < 0.001). Adolescents had a greater frequency of @entity130 (83% vs. 64%, p < 0.001), however, compared with older @entity1 . Common sites of injury in adolescents were posterior, including the fossa navicularis, hymen, fourchette, and labia minora. The injuries showed consistent topologic features, varying with the site and nature of tissue. Adult victims of sexual assault had a less consistent pattern of @entity130 with fewer @entity130 , greater @entity130 , and widespread erythema. CONCLUSIONS: Of @entity1 presenting to an urban @entity458 , 43% were adolescents. The epidemiology of @entity130 in this age group are unique and may pose special challenges to emergency health care providers.

title: Comparative analysis of adult versus adolescent sexual assault: epidemiology and patterns of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual assault clinic']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['sexual trauma and the pattern of anogenital trauma', 'nongenital injuries', 'anogenital injuries', 'injury to the perianal area', 'hymenal injuries']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['anogenital injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression pattern of microRNAs and mRNAs related to @entity32 in @entity2175 monocytes. DESIGN: A microRNA finding study on monocytes of @entity2175 @entity1 and controls using array profiling was followed by a quantitative Real Time PCR (qPCR) study on monocytes of an Ecuadorian validation cohort testing the top over/under-expressed microRNAs. In addition, monocytes of the validation cohort were tested for 24 @entity32 -related mRNAs and 2 microRNAs previously found deregulated in (auto)-inflammatory monocytes. RESULTS: In the finding study, 142 significantly differentially expressed microRNAs were identified, 15 having the strongest power to discriminate @entity2175 @entity1 from controls (sensitivity 66%, specificity 90%). However, differences in expression of these microRNAs between @entity1 and controls were small. On the basis of >1.4 or <0.6-fold change expression 5 microRNAs were selected for further validation. One microRNA (miR-34c-5p) was validated as significantly over-expressed in @entity2175 monocytes. In addition, we found over expression of 3 mRNAs ( @entity6460 , @entity21478 and @entity38963 ) in the validation cohort. These mRNAs are important for cell morphology, adhesion, shape change, and cell differentiation. Classical inflammatory genes (e.g. @entity4639 ) were only over-expressed in monocytes of @entity1 with normal serum lipids. Remarkably, in @entity2299 , there was a reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes (e.g. @entity23638 , @entity23022 and @entity3840 ). CONCLUSIONS: The expression profile of microRNAs/mRNAs in monocytes of @entity2175 @entity1 indicates an altered adhesion, differentiation, and shape change potential. Monocyte inflammatory activation was only found in @entity1 with normal serum lipids. Abnormal lipid values coincided with a reduced monocyte inflammatory state.

title: Type 2 Diabetes Monocyte MicroRNA and mRNA Expression: XXXX Associates with Increased Differentiation-Related Genes but Not Inflammatory Activation.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity2299 :: (MESH:D050171,Disease) :: ['Dyslipidemia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although stage IV @entity14 ( @entity14 ) encompasses a wide variety of clinical conditions with diverse prognoses, no statistical model for predicting the postoperative prognosis of stage IV @entity14 has been established. Thus, we here aimed to construct a predictive model for disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) after curative surgery for stage IV @entity14 using nomograms. METHODS: The study included 1133 stage IV @entity14 @entity1 who underwent curative surgical resection in 19 institutions. @entity1 were divided into derivation (n  =  586) and validation (n  =  547) groups. Nomograms to predict the 1- and 3-year DFS rates and the 3- and 5-year @entity1349 rates were constructed using the derivation set. Calibration plots were constructed, and concordance indices (c-indices) were calculated. The predictive utility of the nomogram was validated in the validation set. RESULTS: The postoperative @entity787 ( @entity787 ) level, depth of @entity5 invasion (T factor), lymph node @entity3 (N factor), and number of metastatic organs were adopted as variables for the DFS-predicting nomogram, whereas the postoperative @entity787 level, T factor, N factor, and peritoneal dissemination were adopted for the nomogram to predict @entity1349 . The nomograms showed moderate calibration, with c-indices of 0.629 and 0.640 in the derivation set and 0.604 and 0.637 in the validation set for DFS and @entity1349 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms developed were capable of estimating the probability of DFS and @entity1349 on the basis of only 4 variables, and may represent useful tools for postoperative surveillance of stage IV @entity14 @entity1 in routine practice.

title: Nomograms for predicting the prognosis of stage IV XXXX after curative resection: A multicenter retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity787 :: ('1084', 'Gene') :: ['CEA', 'carcinoembryonic antigen']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in the rates of @entity397 among the @entity1 of two large states. Because @entity397 is primarily due to delayed diagnosis, differences would suggest disparities in timely access to quality emergency care. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional analysis of full-year samples of @entity697 cases from California and New York @entity1 4 to 18 years old. Racial/ethnic groups were compared for risk of @entity397 adjusted for biological factors both before and after adjustment for the following socioeconomic, hospital, and admission characteristics: income, insurance, hospital type, and admission source. Results were interpreted in light of census data on the proportion of immigrants in each racial/ethnic group. RESULTS: Compared with white @entity1 with @entity697 , Hispanic and Asian @entity1 have higher odds of @entity397 in California, whereas Asian and black/African American @entity1 have higher odds in New York. These differences roughly parallel the within-state proportion of immigrant @entity1 in these groups. Adjustments for family, socioeconomic, and hospital characteristics attenuate but do not eliminate disparities. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found evidence of significant racial/ethnic disparities in rate of @entity397 , an important and preventable outcome, in two large but dissimilar states. Immigrant groups may be most at risk for delayed emergency care. Future research should focus on immigration and acculturation as risk factors for @entity698 in @entity1 .

title: Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric XXXX rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['appendiceal rupture', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis rupture']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis rupture']


abstract: AIMS: @entity712 is placing an increasing burden on society. This has led to calls for echocardiographic-based programmes to screen for @entity1002 and other @entity299 . Echocardiography using new fully portable echocardiography devices would allow community-based cost-effective screening programmes once validated. This study was undertaken to evaluate this further in both high and low-risk subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: 562 consecutive subjects attending a community-based @entity712 screening programme, some at high-risk and some at low-risk of @entity299 , underwent echocardiography by both portable and traditional echocardiography machines. An 'eyeball' estimate of left ventricular ejection fraction was made on the portable device and compared to a quantitative measure of ejection fraction on the traditional machine. Qualitative measures of @entity340 and quantitative measures of @entity4346 were also compared. An estimate of ejection fraction was possible in 97% of cases using portable echocardiography. It gave a sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in diagnosing @entity1002 of 96%, 98% and 99.6%, respectively. Inter-observer variability gave a mean difference in ejection fraction of 2%, and 95% limits of agreement of -8% to +12%. All cases of moderate or severe @entity340 and 29 of 31 cases of significant @entity4346 were correctly identified as abnormal on the portable device. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, echocardiography performed by experienced sonographers using these new fully portable devices is an accurate and reproducible technique for detecting @entity1002 , @entity4346 and @entity340 in both high-risk and low-risk members of the community. Its very high negative predictive values would allow their use in future community-based screening programmes.

title: Portable echocardiography: an innovative tool in screening for XXXX in the community.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac abnormalities']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) @entity1 , the changes in body appearance (mainly @entity28 and @entity3427 ) may influence the feminine identity of the @entity1 with consequent @entity308 and @entity458 . AIM: To evaluate if lean @entity3610 @entity1 present an increased incidence of @entity308 and @entity250 in comparison with controls and if clitoral volume and vascularization are influenced by circulating @entity3800 levels. METHODS: 25 lean @entity3610 @entity1 (Group I) and 18 healthy nonhirsute volunteers (Group II) were submitted, on day 3-5 of the cycle, to ultrasonographic and Doppler analyses, and to hormonal and biochemical evaluations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Utero-ovarian and clitoral ultrasonographic analysis, and color Doppler evaluation of the uterine, stromal ovarian, and dorsal clitoral arteries. Hormonal and @entity2648 / @entity3362 plasma concentrations were analyzed. Each @entity1 filled in the 2-factor Italian McCoy female questionnaire (MFSQ) and the Beck's @entity308 Inventory questionnaire (BDI). RESULTS: Androgens resulted, as expected, more elevated in @entity3610 @entity1 than in controls. However, the ultrasonographic (US) assessment of the clitoral body volume evidenced no significant differences between @entity3610 (0.72+/-0.41 mL) and control (0.62+/-0.20 mL) @entity1 . The resistances registered at the level of the dorsal clitoral artery did not show any difference between Group I (PI=1.55+/-0.40) and Group II (PI=1.79+/-0.38). The 2-factor Italian MFSQ and the BDI did not show any difference between @entity3610 @entity1 and controls. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity3610 @entity1 , probably, the moderate @entity3427 and @entity3428 do not induce the sense of loss of feminine identity and have no impact on @entity458 .

title: XXXX , @entity458 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['polycystic ovarian syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual disturbances', 'sexual self-worth and sexual satisfaction']

entities_list: @entity2648 :: ('MESH:D009573', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrites']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity3427 :: ('MESH:D006628', 'Disease') :: ['hirsutism']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity3610 :: (MESH:D011085,Disease) :: ['PCOS']


abstract: PURPOSE: p53 protein has been reported as frequently overexpressed in esophageal and @entity356 . However, the correlation between p53 protein expression and clinico-pathological features of the @entity5 is debated in this heterogeneous group of @entity5 . The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of p53 protein overexpression in a series of resected @entity1721 (n = 78), @entity420 developed on Barrett's esophagus (n = 20), @entity420 (n = 36), and @entity420 of the antrum (n = 30), and to correlate this expression with the clinico-pathological and flow-cytometric characteristics of the @entity5 . METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining was performed on frozen sections with a monoclonal antibody directed against wild type and mutated p53 protein (Pab 1801). An adjacent frozen specimen was used for flow cytometric determination of the DNA-ploidy and S phase fraction. RESULTS: p53 protein nuclear expression was detected in 76% of @entity1721 , in 75% of @entity420 developed in Barretts esophagus, in 56% of @entity420 , and in 27% of @entity420 of the antrum. Only the number of positive @entity420 of the antrum was significantly lower when compared to the other three types of @entity5 (p = 0.001). No significant correlation was observed between p53 protein expression and most of the clinico-pathological and flow-cytometric parameters (sex, age, @entity286 smoking, chronic alcohol consumption, size of the @entity5 , grade of differentiation, depth of infiltration, presence of lymph node metastases, UICC stage, DNA-ploidy, S phase fraction). p53 protein expression was more frequent in Lauren's intestinal @entity420 (67%) when compared to the @entity5 (24%) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that overexpression of p53 protein is a common feature of esophageal and @entity356 . The high prevalence of p53 protein overexpression found in cardiac @entity420 when compared to antral @entity420 reinforces the hypothesis of distinct carcinogenetic mechanisms in these two @entity5 . In particular the lack of correlation between p53 expression and @entity5 stage suggests that p53 protein overexpression is an early event in these @entity5 .

title: Overexpression of the p53 @entity5 suppressor gene product in esophageal and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'diffuse type tumors', 'cancers', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal squamous carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas', 'adenocarcinomas of the cardia', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric carcinomas']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric carcinomas']


abstract: Activation of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) increases afferent @entity8 (ARNA), leading to decreases in ERSNA by activation of the renorenal reflexes in the overall goal of maintaining low ERSNA. The renorenal reflex responses to various stimuli are impaired in spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR). Because renal tissue density of a(2)-adrenoceptors (ARs) is increased in SHR, we examined whether the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA are impaired in SHR and, if so, the role of a(2)-ARs. The ARNA responses to increases in ERSNA were impaired in SHR, 2390    460%  seconds, versus in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 , 6620    1690%  seconds. Renal pelvic release of substance P was not altered by 6250 pmol/L @entity1063 (NE) in SHR but was increased by 250 pmol/L NE in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 , from 5.7    0.7 to 12.5  1.3 pg/min. Renal pelvic administration of the a(2)-AR antagonist @entity3160 enhanced the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA, 4170    900%  seconds, in SHR but not in @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 . In the presence of @entity3160 , 250 pmol/L NE increased substance P release, from 5.2    0.3 to 11.2    0.8 pg/min, in pelvises from SHR. Because @entity1808 suppresses the activation of renal mechanosensory nerves in SHR, we examined whether @entity9886 improved the ERSNA-induced ARNA responses. @entity9886 had no effect on the ARNA responses or the NE-induced increases in substance P in SHR. However, @entity9886 + @entity3160 resulted in further enhancement of the @entity8 to increases in ERSNA and NE in SHR but not in WKY. We conclude that increased activation of renal a(2)-ARs and @entity1808 type 1 receptors contributes to the impaired interaction between ERSNA and ARNA in SHR.

title: Impaired interaction between efferent and afferent XXXX in SHR involves increased activation of alpha2-adrenoceptors.

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['responsiveness of the renal sensory nerves', 'renal nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan', 'Losartan']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal nerve activity']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary repair of penetrating wounds of the colon is gaining increasing acceptance in surgical practice. This study compared two techniques for the repair of experimental @entity694 in the presence of @entity298 . METHODS: Multiple @entity694 were created in the colon of 24 @entity1707 . Following a 6-h delay the perforations were closed either by local excision and suture or by skin staples applied to the seromuscular layers of the colon. The repairs were assessed biomechanically and histologically for up to 14 days after surgery. RESULTS: All animals had @entity298 at the time of colonic repair. Stapled repairs were completed significantly faster than sutured repairs (mean(s.d.) 4.8(1.6) versus 30.7(4.0) min, P < 0.001). Bio- mechanical evaluation of repairs revealed no significant differences between the two techniques. Histological examination of repairs closed by staples demonstrated more advanced healing compared with suture closure, on the basis of tissue apposition and inflammatory changes. CONCLUSION: Experimental @entity1049 may be treated successfully by primary repair in the presence of @entity298 . The use of skin staples for repair does not appear to prejudice colonic wound healing.

title: Comparison of two closure techniques for the repair of experimental XXXX .

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic perforations']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse peritonitis', 'peritonitis']

entities_list: @entity1049 :: ('MESH:D003108', 'Disease') :: ['colonic injuries']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic perforations']