abstract: To evaluate the significance of alterations in cell adhesion-related genes methylation during lung multistep @entity105 induced by the genotoxic carcinogens @entity5954 ( @entity9623 ) and @entity107 ( @entity108 ), tissue samples microdissected from @entity9623 / @entity108 -induced @entity35 lung @entity105 model were subjected to methylation-specific PCR to evaluate the DNA methylation status of @entity71960 , @entity11019 , @entity17937 and @entity17935 . Immunohistochemistry was used to determine protein expression of @entity71960 , @entity11019 , @entity17935 and the DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1, 3a and 3b. @entity17937 hypermethylation was not detected in any tissue. @entity71960 , @entity11019 and @entity17935 hypermethylation was correlated with the loss of their protein expression during the progression of pathologic lesions. The prevalence of DNA methylation of at least one gene and the average number of methylated genes increased with the histological progression. @entity14923 and @entity54389 protein expression increased progressively during the stages of lung @entity105 , whereas @entity54390 overexpression was only found in several samples. Furthermore, @entity14923 protein expression levels were correlated with @entity71960 methylation, and @entity54389 protein expression levels were correlated with @entity71960 , @entity11019 and @entity17935 methylation. The average number of methylated genes during @entity105 was significantly correlated with @entity14923 and @entity54389 protein expression levels. Moreover, mRNA expression of @entity71960 significantly increased after treatment with DNMT inhibitor @entity11508 in @entity71960 -methylated @entity5 cell lines. Our findings suggest that an accumulation of hypermethylation accounts for cell adhesion-related gene silencing is associated with dynamic changes in the progression of @entity9623 / @entity108 -induced @entity35 lung @entity105 . We suggest that @entity14923 and @entity54389 protein overexpression may be responsible for this aberrant DNA methylation.

title: Aberrant methylation accounts for cell adhesion-related gene silencing during @entity5954 and XXXX induced multistep @entity35 lung @entity105 associated with overexpression of @entity54389 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity107 :: ('MESH:D004052', 'Chemical') :: ['diethylnitrosamine']

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity11508 :: ('MESH:C014347', 'Chemical') :: ["5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine"]

answer: @entity107 :: (MESH:D004052,Chemical) :: ['diethylnitrosamine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Using a retrospective cohort study, the mean length of hospital stay (LoS) and total per- @entity1 expenditure for @entity4053 requiring admission to hospital were estimated. In a separate matched retrospective cohort study, the effect of inpatient @entity4053 on LoS, expenditure, and risk of all-cause mortality while admitted was investigated. METHODS: The cohorts consisted of @entity1 aged >= 18   years with a diagnosis of @entity164 1 or 2 @entity6 between January 1, 2002 and October 30, 2012 in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink database, who had initiated insulin treatment and had a recording of @entity4053 in the same period. In the matched retrospective cohort study, exposed @entity1 (who experienced @entity4053 in hospital) were case-matched with @entity1 who did not experience @entity4053 during admission (unexposed). Generalized linear regression was used to estimate LoS. Risk of all-cause mortality was evaluated via logistic regression. RESULTS: In the retrospective cohort study (1131 @entity1 ), mean LoS was 5.46 (95% CI 4.62  to 6.45) days for @entity164 1 @entity6 , and 5.04 (95% CI 4.46 to 5.71) days for @entity164 2 @entity6 . Mean cost per admission was   1034 (95% CI   855 to   1253). In the matched retrospective cohort study (1079 pairs of @entity1 ), exposed @entity1 had a mean LoS of 11.91   days (95% CI 10.96  to 12.94   days) versus 4.80 (95% CI 4.41  to 5.23) for unexposed @entity1 , p<0.0001. Exposed @entity1 had a higher mortality risk compared with unexposed @entity1 (OR 1.439 (95% CI 1.060to 1.952), p=0.0195). Total average per- @entity1 cost for exposed @entity1 was GBP (  )2235, 40% (p<0.0001) higher than total average admission cost in unexposed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4053 has a significant negative impact on @entity1 outcomes, healthcare resource use, and expenditure.

title: Healthcare resource implications of XXXX -related hospital admissions and inpatient @entity4053 : retrospective record-linked cohort studies in England.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['Hypoglycemia', 'hypoglycemia']

answer: @entity4053 :: (MESH:D007003,Disease) :: ['hypoglycemia']


abstract: @entity130 of the nail cuticle of @entity11691 deficient @entity235 was used to study the evolution of the morphological changes occurring within the forming and formed haemostatic plug at the site of @entity1317 . The morphological changes occurring were documented by light and @entity1579 ( @entity1579 ). Randomized measurements were made of the distances between adjacent platelets as a function of platelet interdigitation or compaction and the degree of dilatation of the open canalicular system (OCS) was used as an indicator of the degree of platelet activation. Fibrin deposition was noted both in terms of its location and the point in time at which it first appeared. @entity1579 demonstrated major differences between the @entity11691 deficient and the normal and factor VII deficient groups. In the normal animals the intermembrane distance showed noticeable changes with the platelets becoming tightly interdigitated at the time @entity548 stopped. During the same period the OCS became dilated. These changes, which were not seen in the @entity11691 deficient animals, continued until many platelets lost their intracellular content and became balloon cells or ghosts and fibrinous transformation became prominent. Although those events did occur in the factor VII deficient state, each was delayed and resulted in significant differences between the factor VII and normal animals suggesting that the extrinsic pathway may play an important role in initiating the changes noted. The results suggested that the generation of thrombin and/or factor Xa is essential to promote the initial stabilization of the platelet plug as well as initiating its subsequent consolidation by fibrinous transformation.

title: A detailed morphological evaluation of the evolution of the haemostatic plug in normal, factor XXXX deficient @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity11691 :: ('403875(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['normal, factor VII and factor VIII', 'factor VIII']

entities_list: @entity1579 :: ('MESH:D017096', 'Disease') :: ['transmission electron microscopy', 'TEM']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['A standardized injury']

answer: @entity11691 :: (403875(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['VII and factor VIII']


abstract: The maximum dosage of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) for treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) formally approved in Japan is 8 mg/week. We intended to examine the efficacy and safety of @entity1500 at dosages over 8 mg/week in Japanese @entity309 @entity1 using the large Institute of Rheumatology, @entity309 (IORRA) cohort database. Among 9,122 @entity1 registered in the IORRA database from the October 2000 survey to the October 2007 survey, 5,201 @entity1 who had been treated with @entity1500 were selected. We attempted to overcome the drawbacks innate to nonrandomized studies by using longitudinal analyses and multifactorial logistic regression analyses. Cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from the October 2007 survey indicated that dosages of @entity1500 higher than 8 mg/week were used in 27.5% of @entity1 treated with @entity1500 . Longitudinal analyses based on data from three consecutive phases showed that final Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) values were significantly lower [n = 260, mean difference 0.563, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.438-0.688, P < 2.2   10(-22), two-sided paired t test] than initial values when @entity1500 was increased from 8 mg/week or lower to over 8 mg/week. In addition, longitudinal analyses based on data from two consecutive phases indicated decreases in DAS28 values of 0.26    1.04 (n = 690, P = 6.78   10(-11), two-sided paired t test) when @entity1500 dosages were increased from 8 mg/week or lower to over 8 mg/week, compared with decreases of 0.07    0.89 (n = 2,125, P = 0.000307) when the dosage was maintained at 8 mg/week. The decreases in DAS28 values were significantly larger in the former than the latter (P = 2.27   10(-6), two-sided unpaired t test). Concerning safety of @entity1500 at dosages over 8 mg/week, we performed logistic regression analysis in which the objective variable was the existence or nonexistence of self-reported side-effects and the explanatory variable was the @entity1500 dosage in the former phase, with adjustments made for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), @entity134 administration, @entity1501 administration, concomitant @entity358 , and @entity8 . The results indicated that @entity1500 dosages over 8 mg/week did not have any association with either severe or severe + moderate side-effects. These data regarding both efficacy and safety of @entity1500 at dosages over 8 mg/week in Japanese @entity309 @entity1 would provide the basis for use of the drug at dosages currently not formally approved by the Japanese government.

title: Studies of the efficacy and safety of XXXX at dosages over 8 mg/week using the IORRA cohort database.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['folic acid']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary diseases']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['Rheumatoid Arthritis', 'rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: RATIONALE: Spatial working memory is dependent on the appropriate functioning of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). PFC activity can be modulated by @entity1063 (NA) released by afferent projections from the locus coeruleus. The coreuleo-cortical NA system could therefore be a target for @entity73 . Of the three classes of NA receptor potentially involved, the a2 and a1 classes seem most significant, though agents targeting these receptors have yielded mixed results. This may be partially due to the use of behavioural assays that do not translate effectively from the laboratory to the clinical setting. Use of a paradigm with improved translational potential may be essential to resolve these discrepancies. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of PFC-infused a2 and a1 adrenergic receptor agonists on spatial working memory performance in the touchscreen continuous trial-unique non-matching to location (cTUNL) task in @entity35 . METHODS: Young male @entity35 were trained in the cTUNL paradigm. Cannulation of the mPFC allowed direct administration of @entity1246 agonists for task validation, and @entity2647 and @entity1774 to determine the effects of adrenergic agonists on task performance. RESULTS: Infusion of @entity6341 and @entity1772 resulted in a @entity73 . Administration of the a2 agonist @entity1774 had no effect, whilst infusion of the a1 agonist @entity2647 significantly improved working memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: Spatial working memory as measured in the @entity35 cTUNL task is dependent on the mPFC. Enhancement of noradrenergic signalling enhanced performance in this paradigm, suggesting a significant role for the a1 receptor in this facilitation.

title: Facilitation of spatial working memory performance following intra-prefrontal cortical administration of the adrenergic alpha1 agonist XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1772 :: ('MESH:D001418', 'Chemical') :: ['baclofen']

entities_list: @entity6341 :: ('MESH:D009118', 'Chemical') :: ['muscimol']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['delay-dependent impairment', 'cognitive enhancers of spatial working memory']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity1774 :: ('MESH:D016316', 'Chemical') :: ['guanfacine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity2647 :: (MESH:D010656,Chemical) :: ['phenylephrine']


abstract: Thirty HLA-A2 @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 received up to 14 vaccinations with MDA-MB-231- @entity7938 , an HLA-A2 allogeneic @entity0 cell line, which had been lipofected with the cDNA for the @entity7938 costimulatory molecule. @entity5 cells were administered with BCG or @entity2841 as an adjuvant. Sera obtained before and after vaccination were analyzed for antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate, @entity2355 , @entity1722 / @entity1722 and @entity876 . Since the cell line was grown in @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ), sera were also analyzed for antibodies to @entity2241 . Eighteen of 24 @entity1 for whom sera were available exhibited anti- @entity2241 activity at baseline. Eleven of these 18 @entity1 and all six @entity1 without baseline anti- @entity2241 activity showed an increased titer after vaccination. The anti- @entity2241 activity required that serum samples be absorbed in excess @entity2241 to detect specific antibodies to @entity5 cell lysate. A two-fold increase in the titer of IgG specific to @entity5 cell lysate was observed in 6 @entity1 . Eight of 24 @entity1 made an antibody response to @entity1722 , four of 24 to @entity2355 and one of 24 to @entity876 . Although antibody production to a variety of @entity5 cell-associated antigens was detected our results suggest that a whole cell vaccine comprising a @entity7938 -transfected allogeneic @entity0 cell line with adjuvant BCG or @entity2841 was not a reliable method to induce significant antibody responses in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Identification of @entity5 -specific antibodies in @entity1 with @entity0 vaccinated with gene-modified XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'advanced breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity2241 :: ('MESH:D005315', 'Disease') :: ['FBS', 'fetal bovine serum']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['allogeneic tumor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: When @entity161 @entity1 have insufficient response to @entity1088 , pharmacological augmentation is often applied. This meta-analysis summarizes available evidence on efficacy of pharmacological augmentation of @entity1088 treatment in @entity161 spectrum disorder. METHODS: Only double-blind randomized controlled studies were included. Primary outcome measure was total symptom severity, and secondary outcome measures were subscores for positive and negative symptoms. Effect sizes were calculated from individual studies and combined to standardized mean differences (Hedges's g). RESULTS: Twenty-nine studies reporting on 15 different augmentations were included. Significant better efficacy than placebo on total symptom severity was observed for @entity2812 , @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 (a glutamatergic agonist). The positive effect of @entity2812 disappeared after outlier removal. The other positive findings were based on single studies. Significantly better efficacy on positive symptom severity was observed for @entity1771 and @entity3216 . The effect of @entity1771 disappeared after outlier removal. Results for @entity3216 were based on a single randomized controlled trial. @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 showed better efficacy for negative symptoms than placebo, all based on single studies. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence for efficacy of @entity1088 augmentation is currently scarce. Efficacy of @entity2812 and @entity1771 were both dependent on single studies with deviating findings. The effect of @entity837 , @entity3216 , and @entity62098 were based on single studies. Thus, despite their popularity, pharmacological augmentations of @entity1088 are not (yet) demonstrated to be superior to placebo.

title: Pharmacological augmentation strategies for @entity161 XXXX with insufficient response to @entity1088 : a quantitative literature review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['clozapine']

entities_list: @entity3216 :: ('MESH:D013469', 'Chemical') :: ['sulpiride']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['citalopram', 'Citalopram']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity1771 :: ('MESH:C052342', 'Chemical') :: ['topiramate']

entities_list: @entity2812 :: ('MESH:C047781', 'Chemical') :: ['lamotrigine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Tracheal and gastric aspirates from premature @entity1 simultaneously sampled shortly after birth were analyzed for their phospholipid composition using 2-dimensional thin layer chromatography. The results were related to clinical outcome. The L/S ratio was higher in @entity1 without than in @entity1 with @entity8855 ( @entity8855 ). The L/S values and the concentrations of @entity3634 (PG) were higher in tracheal compared with gastric aspirates (table I). This resulted in different L/S cutoff points with respect to lung maturity. In both aspirates, the predictive value of a "mature" (but not of an "immature") L/S ratio was improved by PG determination (table II). Only one out of 22 @entity1 with @entity8855 had a completely "mature" phospholipid profile in its tracheal aspirate. Two vaginally delivered premature @entity1 without @entity8855 had an "immature" phospholipid pattern in their gastric aspirates, but a "mature" one in their tracheal aspirates. The results indicate that phospholipid analysis of tracheal and gastric aspirates shortly after birth is useful in the biochemical diagnosis of @entity8855 if proper cutoff points for the L/S ratio are used and the determination of PG is included. It may prove to be important in establishing criteria for a therapeutic trial of surfactant substitution.

title: The role of @entity3634 in phospholipid analysis of tracheal and gastric aspirate in premature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8855 :: ('MESH:D006819', 'Disease') :: ['HMD', 'hyaline membrane disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) is not uncommon in @entity1 and is an important cause of morbidity. Since information on @entity29 in Indian @entity1 is sparse, the study aimed at highlighting the salient features in them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey was done among 221 @entity1 and adolescents with @entity29 [ @entity31 ( @entity31 ) 93 (42.1  %); @entity30 ( @entity30 ) 122 (55.2  %); unclassified ( @entity29 -U) 6 (2.7  %)] across seven centers in India. The cut-off age was 18  years and below. RESULTS: The mean age of presentation for @entity31 and @entity30 was 10.2        4.4 and 11.0        4.5  years, respectively, with no gender difference. @entity294 (69.9  %, p   =   0.001) and blood in the stools (90.3  %, p   =   0.0001) were common in @entity31 , whereas @entity490 (73.8  %, p   =   0.01), fever (39.3  %, p   =   0.0001), @entity417 (64.7  %, p   =   0.001), and @entity851 (76.2  %, p   =   0.0001) were common in @entity30 . Extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) were a feature in 23.6 % and 36.1  % of @entity31 and @entity30 , respectively. Pancolitis (E3) was predominant in @entity31 (70.9  %) and 88  % required steroids. Ileocolonic @entity30 (L3) was common in 72.9  %; 76.2  % required azathioprine for maintenance. Of the @entity1 with @entity31 , 11.8  % had complications like @entity548 and toxic megacolon, while 27  % of @entity30 had fistulae, perianal abscess, stricture, and perforation. Biologicals were used in 0.8  % of severe @entity31 and in 12.2  % of @entity30 . In @entity31 , 4.3  % required surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) in India shares similarities with adult-onset @entity29 . Distinctive features were @entity851 and more severe forms of the disease necessitating immunomodulators.

title: A questionnaire survey of pediatric XXXX in India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth failure']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['massive hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['Diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease', 'P-IBD', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) is a semiquantitative molecular technique developed to uncover gross gene rearrangements in several monogenic diseases, including the @entity1112 ( @entity2314 ) caused by mutations in the @entity10153 gene. Heterozygosity of the X chromosome in females makes it important to combine routine sequencing analysis with at least one allelic dosage assay (i.e. MLPA). We identified two new gross @entity10153 gene rearrangements, which were not properly detected by MLPA in male @entity1 with @entity2314 . In @entity1 1, routine sequencing did not amplify @entity10153 exon 7. MLPA failed to confirm such deletion. An alternative allele dosage, based on the Quantitative Fluorescent Multiplex-PCR (QFM-PCR), confirmed the mutation in the proband and excluded it in the mother, revealing that the mutation was de novo in the proband. @entity1 2 harboured a gross @entity10153 gene deletion encompassing almost the entire exon 5, the entire intron 5 and part of exon 6. MLPA confirmed the deletion of exon 5 but missed the partial deletion of exon 6. We characterised the breakpoint ( @entity71071 ) and carried out screening for possible heterozygosity among at risk female family members. MLPA can miss some gross @entity10153 gene rearrangements making the combination with other allele dosage assays mandatory to confirm or exclude @entity2314 at the molecular level.

title: Pitfalls in the detection of gross gene rearrangements using MLPA in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1112 :: ('MESH:D040181', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked Fabry disease']

answer: @entity2314 :: (MESH:D000795,Disease) :: ['Fabry disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between continuous @entity882 and @entity295 in @entity1 with severe burns. METHODS: Clinical data of 148 severely @entity4808 @entity1 admitted to our,two burn centers from January 2007 to December 2011 and conforming to the study criteria were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity1 were divided into @entity295 group (n =44) and non- @entity295 group (n = 104) according to the presence or absence of @entity295 within @entity4808 ( @entity4808 ) 30. The data of age, gender, total burn area, full-thickness burn area, fluid infusion volume within post burn hour (PBH) 24, plasma concentration of calcium ion on @entity4808 1, plasma concentration of albumin on @entity4808 1, platelet count on @entity4808 1, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score on admission, the presence or absence of @entity1457 or @entity130 on admission, the presence or absence of @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) within PBH 48, operation or no operation within @entity4808 3, @entity882 duration within @entity4808 10, and mortality were statistically compared between two groups to screen the independent risk factors of @entity295 . Data were processed with t test, chi-square test, single factor Logistic regression analysis, and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Between two groups, there were statistically significant differences in total burn area, full-thickness burn area, plasma concentration of calcium ion on @entity4808 1, plasma concentration of albumin on @entity4808 1, APACHE II score on admission, presence or absence of hypovolem- ic shock on admission, presence or absence of @entity130 on admission, presence or absence of @entity5642 within PBH 48, and mortality (with t values from 2.433 to 4.082,   2 values from 8. 818 to 31.528, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Furthermore, the duration of @entity882 within @entity4808 10 in @entity295 group was (5.2    2.4) d, which was significantly longer than that in non- @entity295 group [(2.9    1.9) d, t =6. 189, P <0.01]. There were no statistically significant differences in the other indexes between two groups (with t values from 0.971 to 1. 250,   2 values respectively 0. 054 and 1.529, P values above 0.05). Single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression analysis indicated that APACHE II score on admission and duration of @entity882 within @entity4808 10 were closely related to occurrence of @entity295 (with odds ratio respectively 1. 140 and 1.569, P values below 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Duration of @entity882 within @entity4808 10 is one of the risk factors for @entity295 in severely @entity4808 @entity1 , which can reflect pathophysiological changes in the body, thus providing predictive value for the occurrence of @entity295 .

title: [Clinical significance of continuous XXXX in predicting @entity295 after severe burn].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['hypovolemic shock']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity4808 :: ('MESH:D002056', 'Disease') :: ['post burn day', 'PBD', 'burned']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['inhalation injury']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: Two experiments were carried out to clarify the effects of @entity1955 (T4) and @entity1954 (T3) on flounder metamorphosis. In the first experiment, three doses of T4 were administered to premetamorphic flounder larvae together with @entity8542 (TU). @entity8542 treatment (30 ppm in ambient seawater) alone caused metamorphic @entity3179 in the fish, although the beginning of the right eye migration was not completely inhibited. T4 at 100 and 10 ppb in ambient seawater induced metamorphosis in the @entity8542 -treated larvae. The fish of these groups completed translocation of the right eye to the left side and resorption of elongated dorsal fin rays. However, 1 ppb T4 failed to induce metamorphic climax. The elongated dorsal fin rays continued to grow until the end of the experiment in the group treated with TU alone and in combination with 1 ppb T4. In the second experiment, premetamorphic flounder larvae were treated with two doses of T4 and three doses of T3. The T3 treatment was several times more potent than T4 treatment in the induction of metamorphosis. The results of the present study suggest that the metamorphic events of flounder larvae are dependent on the thyroid hormone concentration, and the relative biological potency of T4 and T3 on flounder metamorphosis is similar to that observed in mammals and amphibia.

title: Effects of various doses of XXXX and @entity1954 on the metamorphosis of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus).

entities_list: @entity8542 :: ('MESH:D013890', 'Chemical') :: ['Thiourea', 'thiourea']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity1955 :: (MESH:D013974,Chemical) :: ['thyroxine']


abstract: @entity2124 is a pituitary polypeptide hormone regulating growth in paediatric age as well as inducing anabolic actions directly or @entity442 mediated in adult age. Particularly, in many animals GH and @entity442 receptors were observed in cardiac myocyte membrane. GH modifies left ventricle structure and function. As concerns spontaneous GH secretion, some data suggest that pituitary gland can have a compensatory role on endocrine response to @entity712 . @entity712 stage was directly correlated to nocturnal GH levels. All GH spontaneous night secretion parameters as well as @entity442 levels showed a range between normal @entity1 and very high spontaneous secretion. Therefore in these @entity1 there are either a GH peripheric resistance or a reduction of the activity of GH/ @entity442 axis. Anyhow in our @entity1 , GH 24 hour infusion was inducing a 5 fold increase in GH concentration and a 50% increase in basal @entity442 levels. Anker et al. suggested to evaluate nutritional state in @entity712 @entity1 , observing no differences in non-cachectic @entity1 vs controls, while cachectic @entity1 presented a typical @entity18197 . Interestingly, cardiovascular effects of GH administration seem to be only marginally correlated to hemodynamic basal state. On the other hand basal hormonal setting of the @entity1 seems to correlate to the GH-induced cardiovascular response. In fact, low basal @entity442 but high basal GH @entity1 presented the worst endocrine and cardiovascular response to GH infusion. In literature there are controversial data about GH treatment in @entity1 with @entity712 . The heterogeneity of the population could be the reason for this discrepancy. Besides very different @entity442 responses to GH have been reported. Therefore, as there is good clinical evidence that GH acute infusion can improve @entity712 , it seems to be necessary firstly to evaluate the basal endocrine status of the @entity1 . Particularly attention should be given to those @entity1 that present a peripheric GH resistance. On the other hand, those @entity1 with a reduced pituitary GH reserve are supposed to have very beneficial effects from GH treatment.

title: [ @entity2124 secretion in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['Heart failure', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity18197 :: ('MESH:D046150', 'Disease') :: ['GH resistance syndrome']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: @entity1032 is an important factor affecting cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of a @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) test on hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in @entity1 with @entity741 , and compared the hemodynamic responses with a treadmill exercise test. Fifteen @entity1 were studied. Seven had old @entity583 with significant @entity3979 (group I) and 8 had @entity662 with non-significant @entity3979 (group II). The @entity1032 test was performed as follows: after memorizing 6 random numeral digits, @entity1 repeated these numbers in reverse order for 5 min followed by serial subtraction of 1000 minus 17 for 5 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 1-5 min. Doppler mitral flow velocity (MFV) was recorded every 2-5 min. During the @entity1032 test, BP, HR, and rate pressure product increased by 38.3%, 17.3%, and 62.1% on average, respectively. Early diastolic MFV decreased by 10.0% in group I and 3.3% in group 11. First third filling rate of MFV decreased by 32.3% in group I and 22.8% in group II. A/E ratio increased by 39.3% in group I and 25.8% in group II. These data indicate that the @entity1032 test led to a deterioration in LV diastolic function. The @entity1032 test induced LV @entity67 to a greater extent in @entity1 with significant @entity3979 than in those without significant @entity3979 . @entity741 may be induced by increased left ventricular afterload and/or vasoconstrictive reflex of coronary microcirculation.

title: Effect of mental stress on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['Mental stress', 'mental calculation stress', 'MS']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis', 'coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease', 'Myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['ischemic heart disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of the recently discovered @entity725 ( @entity725 ) risk factor mapped to chromosome 7q31 in @entity726 @entity1 from Iowa and to determine the expression pattern of genes in the locus in @entity1 eyes. METHODS: A cohort of 545 @entity725 @entity1 and 297 control subjects from Iowa were genotyped with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; @entity65032 ) in the chromosome 7q31 locus using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The expression of genes within the 7q31 locus, @entity5689 ( @entity5689 ) and @entity30716 ( @entity30716 ) in @entity1 eyes was investigated with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The minor allele frequency (MAF) of @entity65032 was 27% in control subjects and 29% in @entity725 @entity1 . We detected no statistical difference when we compared the allele frequencies of @entity65032 between @entity725 @entity1 and control subjects (p=0.5). Similarly, we detected no statistical difference in the frequency of the three possible @entity65032 genotypes between @entity1 and controls (p=0.22). Immunohistochemistry showed caveolin expression in @entity1 retina, ciliary muscle, trabecular meshwork, and Schlemm's canal. In our small cohort of donor eyes, the genotype of @entity65032 did not obviously influence labeling intensity or distribution of @entity5689 and @entity30716 in the retina. CONCLUSIONS: A genome-wide association study of subjects from Iceland mapped the first common genetic risk factor for @entity725 to a small region of the genome on chromosome 7q31 that contains the caveolin genes @entity5689 and @entity30716 . We were unable to detect this association in our @entity1 from Iowa, suggesting that this risk factor may not have a strong effect in all populations.

title: Chromosome 7q31 @entity725 locus: ocular expression of caveolins and lack of association with XXXX in a US cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['POAG', 'primary open angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity725 :: (MESH:C562750,Disease) :: ['POAG']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Water immersion may cause adverse cardiovascular events, including @entity943 in @entity1 with damaged cardiac muscle, e.g. with @entity712 . So far there have been rather few reports on @entity943 induced by water training in @entity1 with @entity453 ( @entity453 ). The aim of the study was to assess the influence of exercise training in moderately cold water (28-30  C) on @entity943 and physical capacity in stable @entity453 @entity1 with preserved left ventricular (LV) function. METHODS: 62 post-MI male @entity1 , mean age 50.9  7.9 years, participated in 16 @entity1297 ( @entity1297 ), lasted 55-min, twice a week in water at 28-30  C. Each subject underwent 24h Holter on-land monitoring (Holter-24) once during the study and twice in-water Holter monitoring (Holter-W) during @entity1297 . Before and after @entity1297 cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) was performed. The following parameters were analyzed: peak @entity26 consumption (peak VO   ), mean number of @entity1540 ( @entity1540 ) and supraventricular ectopic beats (SVEBs) during Holter-24 and Holter-W, the percentage of @entity1 who developed @entity943 during CPET versus Holter-24 and versus Holter-W. RESULTS: @entity1297 significantly improved @entity1 ' physical capacity, and more often provoked @entity943 , mainly SVEBs, than CPET or daily activity assessed during Holter-24. During @entity1297 58% @entity1 developed @entity1540 and 62% SVEBs. CONCLUSIONS: 1. @entity1297 provoked @entity943 significantly more often than did CPET and normal daily activity. 2. Owing to @entity1297 @entity1 improved their physical capacity which was still maintained at one year follow-up.

title: The influence of water-based training on @entity943 in @entity1 with stable XXXX and preserved left ventricular function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1297 :: ('MESH:D019292', 'Disease') :: ['water-based trainings', 'WBT']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['VEBs', 'ventricular ectopic beats']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ambulatory @entity1 with @entity306 ( @entity306 ) often present with multiple deviations in all planes including increased internal hip rotation during gait. @entity2096 is a common cause of deviation managed surgically with an external @entity2096 ( @entity2096 ). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gait and functional outcomes of a group of subjects with @entity306 who underwent surgical intervention that included an @entity2096 compared with a match group with indications of internal hip rotation that did not receive an @entity2096 . METHODS: For this retrospective study, subjects were identified from the Motion Analysis Laboratory database that had orthopaedic surgery including an @entity2096 ( @entity2096 group). A control group was established from a chart review identifying subjects that had indications for an @entity2096 , but did not have this surgery (No- @entity2096 group). All subjects had preoperative and postoperative gait studies. Subjects categorized as Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I and II in both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 groups were combined for analysis. Subjects rated as GMFCS level III were analyzed separately. Preoperative to postoperative kinematic and kinetic variables, Gait Deviation Index, net @entity26 cost, and PODCI scores were analyzed with paired t tests. RESULTS: Typical sagittal plane kinematic variables improved significantly by equivalent magnitudes for both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 groups (GMFCS I/II and III). Transverse plane improvements were only seen for the @entity2096 group (GMFCS I/II and III). The Gait Deviation Index, an overall index of kinematics, improved by a significantly greater amount for the @entity2096 group across GMFCS levels I/II and III. Net @entity26 cost improved for both @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 for GMFCS I/II. PODCI scores improved for @entity2096 and No- @entity2096 in GMFCS I/II, but only the @entity2096 group for GMFCS III. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 with @entity306 , inclusion of an @entity2096 in the surgical intervention, when indicated, resulted in improved outcomes. Overall gait kinematic improvements were significantly greater when an @entity2096 was included in the surgical management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-retrospective comparative study.

title: Outcomes of Orthopaedic Surgery With and Without an External Femoral Derotational Osteotomy in @entity1 With XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive femoral anteversion', 'FDO', 'femoral derotational osteotomy']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy', 'CP']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Palsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in a large sample of the newly diagnosed male @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity27 ). METHODS: Data were collected from @entity1 who received polysomnography due to suspected @entity27 . The questionnaires included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), @entity25 ( @entity25 ), and Medical Outcomes Study (MOS)-Sleep Scale, for which Sleep Problems Index-1 (SPI-1) was calculated. The @entity27 index (AHI) and respiratory distress index (RDI) were used to measure @entity386 severity. The mediational model, which states that @entity27 severity affects @entity308 through a mediator, was tested here. RESULTS: In total, 302 male @entity1 with severe @entity27 participated. The mean @entity1 age was 48.4  years (SD  =  11.3  years). The BDI was >= 10 in 118 @entity1 (39  %) and was significantly associated with body mass index (r  =  0.114; p  =  0.048), @entity25 (r  =  0.164; p  =  0.004), SPI-1 (r  =  0.453; p  <  0.001), and RDI (r  =  0.126; p  =  0.029). According to the linear regression analyses, the RDI is not independently associated with the BDI. The strongest predictor of BDI was @entity25 (SPI-1; b  =  0.425; p  <  0.001). The bootstrap method confirmed that the depressive effects of RDI are significantly mediated by poor @entity25 (bootstrapped 95  % CI 0.0113-0.0632). CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence of a mediational role of subjective @entity25 on the relationship between @entity386 severity and @entity308 in male @entity1 with severe @entity27 .

title: The Relation Between @entity386 and XXXX in @entity1 with Severe Obstructive Sleep @entity386 : Mediational Effects of Sleep Quality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-hypopnea', 'severe obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['Epworth Sleepiness Scale', 'sleep quality', 'ESS']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depressive Symptoms']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity189 ( @entity189 ) is found in 10%-15% of @entity14 ( @entity14 ) @entity1 . It differs from the common @entity420 ( @entity420 ) in histopathological appearance and clinical behavior. METHODS: Genome-wide DNA copy number and survival data from @entity189 and @entity420 primary @entity14 samples from @entity1 from two phase III trials (CAIRO and CAIRO2) was compared. Chromosomal copy number data from The @entity5 (TCGA) was used for validation. Altogether, 470 ACs were compared to 57 MCs. RESULTS: @entity189 showed a reduced amount of copy number aberrations (CNAs) compared with @entity420 for the CAIRO/CAIRO2 cohort, with a median amount of CNAs that was 1.5-fold lower (P = 0.002). Data from TCGA also showed a reduced amount of CNAs for @entity189 . @entity189 samples in both cohorts displayed @entity1017 at chromosome 20q and less @entity393 . A high rate of chromosomal instability was a strong negative prognostic marker for survival in @entity189 @entity1 from the CAIRO cohorts (hazard ratio 15.60, 95% CI 3.24-75.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study indicate that the distinct @entity189 phenotype is accompanied by a different genetic basis when compared with @entity420 and show a strong association between the rate of chromosomal instability and survival in @entity189 @entity1 .

title: Reduced rate of copy number aberrations in mucinous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer Genome Atlas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['Mucinous carcinoma', 'MC']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['loss of chromosome 18p']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal carcinoma']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Opportunistic brief in- @entity1 @entity341 ( @entity341 ) interventions can be effective at reducing hazardous @entity167 use in young adult drinkers, but require resources frequently unavailable. Mobile telephone text messaging ( @entity851 [ @entity851 ]) could sustainably deliver behavioral support to young adult @entity1 , but efficacy remains unknown. We report 3-month outcome data of a randomized controlled trial testing a novel @entity851 -delivered intervention in hazardous-drinking young adults. METHODS: We randomized 765 young adult @entity341 @entity1 who screened positive for past hazardous @entity167 use to one of 3 groups: @entity851 assessments+feedback (SA+F) intervention who were asked to respond to drinking-related queries and received real-time feedback through @entity851 each Thursday and Sunday for 12 weeks (n=384), @entity851 assessments (SA) who were asked to respond to @entity167 consumption queries each Sunday but did not receive any feedback (N=196), and a control group who did not participate in any @entity851 (n=185). Primary outcomes were self-reported number of binge drinking days and number of drinks per drinking day in the past 30 days, collected by Web-based timeline follow-back method and analyzed with regression models. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of @entity1 with weekend binge episodes and most drinks consumed per drinking occasion during 12 weekends, collected by @entity851 . RESULTS: With Web-based data, there were decreases in the number of self-reported binge drinking days from baseline to 3 months in the SA+F group (-0.51 [95% confidence interval {CI} -0.10 to -0.95]), whereas there were increases in the SA group (0.90 [95% CI 0.23 to 1.6]) and the control group (0.41 [95% CI -0.20 to 1.0]). There were also decreases in the number of self-reported drinks per drinking day from baseline to 3 months in the SA+F group (-0.31 [95% CI -0.07 to -0.55]), whereas there were increases in the SA group (0.10 [95% CI -0.27 to 0.47]) and the control group (0.39 [95% CI 0.06 to 0.72]). With @entity851 data, there was a lower mean proportion of SA+F @entity1 reporting a weekend binge during 12 weeks (30.5% [95% CI 25% to 36%) compared with the SA @entity1 (47.7% [95% CI 40% to 56%]). There was also a lower mean drinks consumed per weekend during 12 weeks in the SA+F group (3.2 [95% CI 2.6 to 3.7]) compared to the SA group (4.8 [95% CI 4.0 to 5.6]). CONCLUSION: A text message intervention can produce small reductions in self-reported binge drinking and the number of drinks consumed per drinking day in hazardous-drinking young adults after @entity341 discharge.

title: A text message @entity167 intervention for young adult XXXX @entity1 : a randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short message service', 'SMS']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal strategy for identifying @entity1 with @entity2980 requiring surgical repair has not been defined. The potential benefits of diagnostic laparoscopy by incorporating it into the routine diagnostic workup of @entity1 with anterior @entity2980 was evaluated in a two-layer, randomized study. METHODS: From May 1997 through January 2002, stable @entity1 without @entity298 but with demonstrated peritoneal violation were randomized (A) to exploratory laparotomy (AEL) (n = 23) or diagnostic laparoscopy (ADL) (n = 20). Simultaneously, @entity1 with equivocal peritoneal violation on local wound exploration were randomized (B) to diagnostic laparoscopy (BDL) (n = 28) or expectant nonoperative management (BNOM) (n = 31). Hospital morbidity, length of stay, and costs were primary endpoints, with postdischarge disability being a secondary endpoint. RESULTS: In @entity1 with peritoneal penetration (AEL vs. ADL), there were minimal differences in the therapeutic operation rate (8 of 23 [AEL] vs. 8 of 20 [ADL], p = 0.761), mortality (none), morbidity (3 of 23 vs. 2 of 20, p = 0.999), hospital stay (mean +/- SD) (5.7 +/- 2.5 vs. 5.1 +/- 4.0 days, p = 0.049), hospital costs (4.6 +/- 1.3 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.9 x 1,000 EUR, p = 0.576), and length of sick leave (34 +/- 12 vs. 29 +/- 11 days, p = 0.305). In @entity1 with equivocal peritoneal penetration (BDL vs. BNOM), laparoscopy found more mostly minor organ injuries (7 of 28 [BDL] vs. 1 of 31 [BNOM], p = 0.022) with no significant difference in therapeutic operations (3 of 28 vs. 1 of 31, p = 0.337) or morbidity (3 of 28 vs. 0 of 31, p = 0.101), but was associated with increased length of stay (2.6 +/- 2.1 vs. 1.9 +/- 1.8 days, p = 0.022), hospital costs (4.2 +/- 1.3 vs. 1.5 +/- 1.1 x 1,000 EUR, p = 0.000), and sick leave requirements (18 of 23 vs. 8 of 28 of eligible @entity1 , p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with demonstrated peritoneal violation, laparoscopy offers little benefit over exploratory laparotomy. In @entity1 with equivocal peritoneal penetration on local wound exploration, laparoscopy detects more mostly minor organ injuries than expectant nonoperative management but is associated with increased hospital stay, costs, and sick leave requirements. Overall, diagnostic laparoscopy cannot be recommended as a routine diagnostic tool in anterolateral abdominal and thoracoabdominal stab wounds.

title: Diagnostic laparoscopy in XXXX : a prospective, randomized study.

entities_list: @entity2980 :: ('MESH:D014951', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal stab wounds']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritonitis']

answer: @entity2980 :: (MESH:D014951,Disease) :: ['abdominal stab wounds']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy have been used to treat peritoneal @entity189 . A complete surgical resection is required for optimal results to be achieved. This study evaluated the preoperative computed tomographic (CT) findings in @entity1 with @entity298 in order to predict the probability of a complete resection. STUDY DESIGN: Computed tomographic scans of the abdomen and pelvis were reviewed retrospectively in 45 @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity298 who were treated with surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. According to the completeness of cytoreduction, @entity1 were divided into two groups. @entity1 in the first group (n = 25) had complete cytoreduction (CR) with no @entity5 deposits 2.5 mm in diameter or larger left behind. The surgical resection of @entity5 was incomplete in the second group of @entity1 (n = 20). Sixteen CT parameters were initially examined in each group of @entity1 and statistically evaluated according to the completeness of the cytoreductive surgical procedure. RESULTS: The incidences of six CT findings were significantly different in the two groups of @entity1 . These findings were: @entity5 volume in small bowel mesentery (p < 0.001), @entity5 volume in proximal jejunum (p = 0.003), @entity5 volume in distal jejunum (p = 0.002), @entity5 volume in proximal ileum (p = 0.003), mesentery configuration (p < 0.001), and obstruction of @entity5 (p < 0.001). A statistical approach using a tree-structured diagram showed that @entity1 with both obstruction of @entity5 and @entity5 diameter greater than 0.5 cm on small bowel surfaces exclusive of distal ileum on preoperative CT scan, had an 88 percent probability of incomplete resection. @entity1 without these two CT findings had a 92 percent probability of complete resection. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that selection criteria for @entity1 with @entity298 are available on a preoperative CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. @entity1 whose scans @entity5 and @entity5 diameter greater than 0.5 cm on small bowel surfaces exclusive of distal ileum are unlikely to be candidates for cytoreductive surgery for the treatment of peritoneal @entity189 .

title: Abdominal computed tomographic scan in the selection of XXXX with @entity298 for cytoreductive surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'show obstruction of bowel segments by tumor', 'bowel segments by tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomatosis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['mucinous peritoneal carcinomatosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a generic tape tailored from type 1 monofilamentous, macroporous @entity7502 mesh during transobturator tape (TOT) surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in a tertiary center in Cairo, Egypt, between July 2004 and December 2013. @entity1 with stress @entity322 scheduled for TOT surgery using the outside-in technique were recruited. Monarc tape was used in all @entity1 until November 2005, after which it was used for @entity1 who could afford it only; generic tape was used in the other @entity1 . The primary outcome measures were the objective and subjective cure rates. RESULTS: Overall, 431 @entity1 were included in analyses. After 5years of follow-up, objective cure was achieved in 143 (94.1%) of 152 @entity1 who received Monarc tape and 249 (89.2%) of 279 who received the generic tape (P=0.135). Subjective cure was achieved in 121 (79.6%) @entity1 who received the Monarc tape and 236 (84.6%) @entity1 who received the generic tape (P=0.229). There were no significant between-group differences in postoperative urgency, de novo urgency, urge @entity322 , @entity409 , urinary retention, @entity365 , or the frequency of TOT-related reoperation or repeat anti- @entity322 procedures. CONCLUSION: The TOT outside-in procedure can be easily, safely, and effectively performed in low-resource settings using a generic @entity7502 tape.

title: Treatment of stress XXXX with a generic transobturator tape.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence', 'incontinence']

entities_list: @entity7502 :: ('MESH:D011126', 'Chemical') :: ['polypropylene']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['voiding dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity365 :: ('MESH:D014627', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal erosion']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['urinary incontinence']


abstract: Comprehension of connected language as assessed by the @entity1062 ( @entity1062 ) was studied in 17 @entity1 with left hemisphere lesions (LL) and 11 with right hemisphere lesions (RL). LL @entity1 's significantly lower performance on several subtests than left controls (LC) matched by age, sex, race, and social class appeared to be related to the memory demands of these subtests rather than the limited syntactic elements assessed by the @entity1062 . LL subjects requested significantly more command repetitions than control or RL subjects and when a repetition was not requested LL subjects often responded with immediacy. Although RL @entity1 tended to perform lower than right matched controls (RC), these differences were not significant nor readily related to either the memory or specific linguistic structures assessed. RL subjects required fewer command repetitions than LL subjects and exhibited a significantly greater frequency of immediate responses than controls or LL subjects. While based on few @entity1 , a trend for LL @entity1 with retrorolandic lesions to perform more poorly than those with @entity75 was suggested. No systematic difference in performance was apparent for @entity1 with left cortical vs. left @entity75 or among discrete sites of lesions within the right hemisphere. @entity1 with left lesions prior to 1 year of age performed no better and, in several instances, significantly poorer than LL @entity1 sustaining lesions after 1 year of age. Among RL subjects, those sustaining lesions after 1 year of age had greater difficulty than those with lesion onset before 1 year of age, especially on linguistic elements which seemed to be dependent upon visual spatial properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the comprehension of more complex linguistic structures among @entity1 with unilateral @entity75 as well as to study the role of more basic factors such as memory and attention in explaining the present findings.

title: Unilateral @entity75 in childhood: performance on the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['subcortical lesions', 'brain lesions', 'left prerolandic lesions']

entities_list: @entity1062 :: ('MESH:D013736', 'Disease') :: ['Revised Token Test', 'RTT']

answer: @entity1062 :: (MESH:D013736,Disease) :: ['Revised Token Test']


abstract: Specialized germ cell-somatic cell relationships were surveyed in the testis of species representative of four classes of non- @entity1 vertebrates. Desmosome-like junctions were present in all classes studied. In the teleost fish studied ( @entity2084 ; @entity2084 ), small, infrequent desmosomes, seen between the spherical cyst cells and spermatocytes, were characterized by poorly represented subsurface densities. In the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), similar desmosome-like junctions were found between cyst cell processes and spermatocytes. Reptilian (turtle; Pseudameys scripta) desmosome-like junctions between Sertoli cells and germ cells were heterogeneous and more numerous than those junctions found in fish and amphibians. In general, the reptilian desmosome-like junctions were extensive structures displaying 10 nm filaments associated with the Sertoli cell component of the junctions. Regions within the desmosome where the two plasma membranes converged suggested that gap junctions were a component of the desmosome-like junctions. "Desmosome-gap" junctions persisted in turtle spermatids for sometime after nuclear elongation had commenced. In birds ( @entity1573 ; @entity1573 ), "desmosome-gap" junctions, similar to those seen in turtles were described between both spermatocytes and Sertoli cells, and spermatids and Sertoli cells. These junctions were frequently lined by saccules of endoplasmic reticulum. The presence of gap junctions suggest the evolution of mechanisms for somatic cell-germ cell communication although more species should be examined to confirm this hypothesis.

title: Germ cell-somatic cell relationships: a comparative study of intercellular junctions during spermatogenesis in selected non- XXXX vertebrates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity1573 :: ('9031', 'Species') :: ['Gallus domesticus', 'chicken']

entities_list: @entity2084 :: ('13106', 'Species') :: ['Lepomis macrochirus', 'bluegill']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8052 is a serious complication of pregnancy. We describe a case leading to uterine @entity397 associated with massive @entity548 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old Caucasian Albanian @entity1 , gravida 2, para 1, was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital for acute @entity490 associated with profound secondary @entity417 . An anatomopathological diagnosis of @entity8052 destruens was made. An urgent hysterectomy was performed after resuscitation procedures, applied due to the severe @entity417 and the abdominal drama accompanying the case. Intra-operatively, a uterus-saving procedure was found to be impossible, and hysterectomy remained the only surgical option. The uterine structures were sent for further microscopic evaluation. On histological examination, deep trophoblastic infiltration of the uterine wall was observed, justifying the surgeon's decision. Our @entity1 received blood transfusions and antibiotics. Her sutures were removed on the eighth postoperative day and she was discharged the following day in a stable condition. CONCLUSION: This case, describing a @entity1 with uterine @entity397 and massive @entity548 , illustrates a serious and potentially fatal complication of @entity5030 . In such cases, surgery is essential, and hysterectomy may be the only viable option.

title: XXXX causing hemoperitoneum in the 26th week of pregnancy: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hemorrhage', 'hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity5030 :: ('MESH:D010923', 'Disease') :: ['placenta previa']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity8052 :: ('MESH:D010921', 'Disease') :: ['placenta increta', 'Placenta increta']

answer: @entity8052 :: (MESH:D010921,Disease) :: ['Placenta increta']


abstract: A spontaneous and complete recovery of benign childhood @entity302 with centrotemporal or rolandic spikes (BECT) is taken for granted. However, some authors have reported the occurrence of generalized @entity410 in a few adult @entity1 and in some @entity1 who have @entity410 after a long period without problems. The aims of this study were (a) to search for early predictors of outcome and (b) to ascertain the long-term prognosis of BECT in a large group of @entity1 . An attempt to relocate 268 @entity1 born between 1941 and 1967 and consecutively seen as outpatients was undertaken. The outcome after age 20 is known for only 168. Being adults and cured, the others are no longer in touch with their clinics or have moved. Only one indicator of short-term prognosis was found: The earlier the onset of BECT, the longer the period with @entity410 . Of the 168 @entity1 , 165 are @entity410 -free with follow-up ranging from 7 to 30 years. Three @entity1 experienced generalized @entity410 at age 18, 22-24, and 35. Two apparently had an isolated @entity410 . The occurrence of such @entity410 after recovery from BECT is a rare event (approximately 2% of cases) and a relapse with partial @entity410 is quite uncommon. These @entity1 do not differ from @entity1 remaining @entity410 -free.

title: Prognosis of benign childhood @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes: a follow-up study of 168 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'tonic-clonic seizures']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Geographic patterns in total mortality and in mortality by cause of @entity204 are widely known to exist in many countries. However, the geographic pattern of inequalities in mortality within these countries is unknown. This study shows mathematically and graphically the geographic pattern of mortality inequalities by education in Spain. METHODS: Data are from a nation-wide prospective study covering all @entity1 living in Spain's 50 provinces in 2001. Individuals were classified in a cohort of subjects with low education and in another cohort of subjects with high education. Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rate from all causes and from leading causes of @entity204 in each cohort and mortality rate ratios in the low versus high education cohort were estimated by geographic coordinates and province. RESULTS: Latitude but not longitude was related to mortality. In subjects with low education, latitude had a U-shaped relation to mortality. In those with high education, mortality from all causes, and from cardiovascular, respiratory and digestive diseases decreased with increasing latitude, whereas @entity5 mortality increased. The mortality-rate ratio for all-cause @entity204 was 1.27 in the southern latitudes, 1.14 in the intermediate latitudes, and 1.20 in the northern latitudes. The mortality rate ratios for the leading causes of @entity204 were also higher in the lower and upper latitudes than in the intermediate latitudes. The geographic pattern of the mortality rate ratios is similar to that of the mortality rate in the low-education cohort: the highest magnitude is observed in the southern provinces, intermediate magnitudes in the provinces of the north and those of the Mediterranean east coast, and the lowest magnitude in the central provinces and those in the south of the Western Pyrenees. CONCLUSION: Mortality inequalities by education in Spain are higher in the south and north of the country and lower in the large region making up the central plateau. This geographic pattern is similar to that observed in mortality in the low-education cohort.

title: The Association of Geographic Coordinates with Mortality in XXXX with Lower and Higher Education and with Mortality Inequalities in Spain.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['People']


abstract: We studied the regional differences both of reactivity to various stimulants and of neurogenic responses elicited by transmural stimulation in the longitudinal and circular muscles of the truncal portal vein, mesenteric vein, splenic vein and gastric vein of the @entity235 portal tree. Strong spontaneous activity appeared in the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein (96% of preparations tested). Weak spontaneous activity sometimes appeared in the circular muscle of the truncal portal vein (41%) and rarely in the longitudinal muscle of the mesenteric vein (12%). It did not appear in other segments. The splenic vein and the gastric vein showed similar patterns in the relationship between resting tension and response to @entity1063 ; that is, the responsiveness of either longitudinal or circular muscle of these two veins increased and then decreased almost parallel as resting tension increased and reached a maximum under the same resting tension. The longitudinal muscle of both the truncal portal vein and the mesenteric vein was more responsive to @entity1063 , @entity934 , @entity112 and @entity4338 than the circular muscle; for example 2.02 and 1.44 times more responsive to @entity1063 , respectively. On the other hand, the longitudinal muscle of the splenic vein and the gastric vein responded less well than the circular muscle; for example 0.36 and 0.16 times as responsive to @entity1063 , respectively. @entity934 and @entity112 caused marked contractions which were comparable to those elicited by @entity1063 in the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein. @entity934 also elicited similar contractions in the longitudinal muscle of the mesenteric vein but the responses induced in preparations of other segments were small. 6 The longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein responded well even to low-frequency stimulation of 2 Hz, while the circular muscles of the truncal portal and splenic veins gave marked responses only to high-frequency stimulation of 10 or 20 Hz or more. These contractile responses were attenuated by @entity5521 (10-6 M) or @entity3897 (10-6 M). The longitudinal muscle of the splenic vein showed no significant response to stimuli of any frequency. 7 It seems that the portal tree receives not only adrenergic but also cholinergic innervation. In addition, the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein may receive non-adrenergic, noncholinergic innervation as well. 8 The longitudinal muscle of the portal vein may be crucial to venous return in assisting movement of the blood it contains. If this is the case in @entity1 , then the regional differences in the portal tree demonstrated in this study may explain why varicose changes during portal @entity101 occur preferentially in the oesophagogastric region and rarely in other regions, as @entity1503 may occur more readily in the regions of the gastric and splenic veins where the longitudinal muscle is not very active.

title: Regional differences of reactivity to stimulants in the XXXX portal tree.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity5521 :: ('MESH:D010646', 'Chemical') :: ['phentolamine']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood stasis']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine', 'Acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: @entity176 is one of the first-line agents with proven anti- @entity174 activity used in the therapy of @entity14577 . Its mechanism of action makes it, however, different from other drugs, since it simultaneously stimulates two reverse processes: bone formation and bone resorption. The action of the agent depends on various mechanisms, including the activation of @entity460 receptors, localised on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and on the influence on the @entity5299 / @entity5298 system. The drug effectively prevents spinal, hip and extravertebral fractures. The agent's anti- @entity174 efficacy within the spine does not depend on the @entity1 's age, or on base BMD values, or on the concentration of bone metabolism markers. As to the anti- @entity174 efficacy in the hip, it concerns @entity1 with an increased @entity174 risk. @entity176 increases bone mineral density within the lumbar spine and the hip, decreases the concentrations of bone resorption markers, and increases the concentrations of bone formation markers. The drug is administered in a daily 2.0 g oral dose. This paper presents indications to therapy with @entity176 , specifying also its side effects and contraindications. We compare the anti- @entity174 efficacy of @entity176 to the efficacy of other agents of proven anti- @entity174 activity, based on published clinical studies.

title: [ @entity176 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity14577 :: ('MESH:D015663', 'Disease') :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity176 :: ('MESH:C081587', 'Chemical') :: ['strontium ranelate', 'Strontium ranelate']

answer: @entity14577 :: (MESH:D015663,Disease) :: ['post-menopausal osteoporosis']


abstract: The design, syntheses, photochemical and biological properties of conjugates of @entity9435 with @entity19423 - (1) and @entity8304 -containing (2) analogues of @entity73176 are reported. The results of an @entity5611 displacement assay and circular dichroism (CD) titration studies show both compounds bind with a higher affinity to poly(dA-dT) than to @entity10918 . In addition they bind as strongly to T4 coliphage DNA as to @entity291 thymus DNA suggesting the binding occurs in the minor groove. The quenching rate constants of the singlet excited states of agents 1 and 2 by molecular @entity26 were found to be 8.5 x 10(9) M-1S-1 and 7.7 x 10(9) M-1S-1, suggesting the involvement of singlet @entity26 . Both compounds showed some @entity137 to @entity1 @entity1860 K562 cells in the dark. Upon irradiation the activities were significantly enhanced resulting in photoinduced dose modifications of 8 and 14 for 1 and 2, respectively under the conditions employed. Both agents were markedly more @entity6337 than @entity35219 8. To address the mechanism of action of compounds 1 and 2 their photoactivated abilities to produce DNA strand breaks were measured. Both agents caused increased single strand breakage with increasing UV exposure. The concentrations (EC50) of 1 and 2 needed to cause 50% single-strand cleavage of pBR322 DNA upon UV-A activation were found to be 40 microM and 45 microM, respectively. In contrast, no DNA strand breaks were observed in the dark with either conjugate or with 8 following irradiation. DNA strand breaks were measured in drug treated K562 cells using alkaline elution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Novel cytotoxic DNA sequence and minor groove targeted photosensitizers: conjugates of XXXX and @entity73176 analogues.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic']

entities_list: @entity35219 :: ('MESH:C002218', 'Chemical') :: ['1-pyrenebutyric acid']

entities_list: @entity5611 :: ('MESH:D004996', 'Chemical') :: ['ethidium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity73176 :: ('MESH:D009429', 'Chemical') :: ['netropsin']

entities_list: @entity8304 :: ('MESH:C029899', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazole']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['chronic myeloid leukemia']

answer: @entity9435 :: (MESH:C030984,Chemical) :: ['pyrene']


abstract: @entity4224 is the main vector of dengue viruses. Methods for limiting the spread of dengue outbreaks are currently based on vector control. Estimates of population genetic organization and gene flow with respect to vector capacity have provided great insights into dengue epidemiology. In Vietnam, @entity7643 was detected in the 1950's and becomes today the major problem of public health. Among factors influencing dengue epidemiology, ecological disturbances have a direct impact on vectorial system functioning. @entity1 activities through urbanization creating sanitary conditions are convenient to the vector proliferation and then, to @entity779 . To assess the role of the vector in the changing pattern of dengue in South-East Asia, we studied the genetic differentiation and the vector competence towards @entity19158 at two scales: at a spatial level (a local scale (i.e., Ho Chi Minh City) and a regional scale (i.e., Cambodia, Thailand and South Vietnam) and at a temporal scale. This study allows to propose a model of Ae. aegypti population functioning according space and time. Dynamics of dengue virus diffusion in relation with the vector, depend on the population genetic composition and its evolution.

title: [ XXXX , vector of the dengue virus: spatio-temporal structure of its genetic variation].

entities_list: @entity4224 :: ('7159', 'Species') :: ['Aedes aegypti']

entities_list: @entity7643 :: ('MESH:D019595', 'Disease') :: ['dengue hemorrhagic fever']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['dengue endemisation']

answer: @entity4224 :: (7159,Species) :: ['Aedes aegypti']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brain volumetry allow for the quantification of changes in brain volume using automatic algorithms which are widely used in both, clinical and scientific studies. However, studies comparing the reliability of these programmes are scarce and mainly involved MRI derived from younger healthy controls. This study evaluates the reliability of frequently used @entity1347 ( @entity1347 , FreeSurfer, FSL) using a realistic digital brain phantom and MRI brain acquisitions from @entity1 with manifest @entity195 ( @entity195 , n=34), @entity73 ( @entity73 , n=60), and healthy subjects (n=32) matched for age and sex. Analysis of the brain phantom dataset demonstrated that @entity1347 , FSL and FreeSurfer underestimate grey matter and overestimate white matter volumes with increasing noise. FreeSurfer calculated overall smaller brain volumes with increasing noise. Image inhomogeneity had only minor, non- significant effects on the results obtained with @entity1347 and FreeSurfer 5.1, but had effects on the FSL results (increased white matter volumes with decreased grey matter volumes). The analysis of the @entity1 data yielded decreasing volumes of grey and white matter with progression of @entity1010 independent of the method used. FreeSurfer calculated the largest grey matter and the smallest white matter volumes. FSL calculated the smallest grey matter volumes; @entity1347 the largest white matter volumes. Best results are obtained with good image quality. With poor image quality, especially noise, @entity1347 provides the best segmentation results. An optimised template for segmentation had no significant effect on segmentation results. While our findings underline the applicability of the programmes investigated, @entity1347 may be the programme of choice when MRIs with limited image quality or brain images of elderly should be analysed.

title: Comparison of automated brain segmentation using a brain phantom and @entity1 with early @entity195 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmentation programmes', 'SPM']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['MCI', 'mild cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity1010 :: ('MESH:C566985', 'Disease') :: ['brain atrophy']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['mild cognitive impairment']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography (DASE) is an established test for the diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity1 with @entity453 . @entity3897 use to attain target heart rate prolongs test time. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to assess the utility of isometric handgrip exercise (33% maximal voluntary contraction x 4 min) with DASE. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 131 @entity1 undergoing DASE randomized to handgrip exercise or no handgrip. Effect of handgrip exercise on endpoints: time to target heart rate (85% maximum predicted), recovery time, total test time, mean @entity452 and @entity3897 dosage, and the number of @entity63 responses were assessed. Effect of current beta-blocker medication use was also evaluated. RESULTS: Heart rate rose more quickly in the handgrip group. At 6-10 min (peak handgrip), mean heart rate rose 51 +/- 14 beats/min in the handgrip group compared with 38 +/- 18 beats/min in the no handgrip group (p < 0.0001). With handgrip, overall @entity452 study time was reduced by a mean of 4.3 min (16.4 +/- 6.9 vs. 20.7 +/- 8.4, p = 0.004) in all @entity1 , and by a mean of 5.9 min in @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication (p = 0.001). The handgrip group also had a lower mean dose of @entity452 (25.8 +/- 13.5 vs. 32.4 +/- 16.4 mg, p = 0.025). The mean @entity3897 dose was also lower (0.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.5 mg, p = 0.04). Handgrip exercise, however, did not decrease endpoints in @entity1 on beta-blocker medication. CONCLUSIONS: Use of isometric handgrip exercise with DASE decreases time to target heart rate, recovery time, overall study time, and mean dosage of @entity452 and @entity3897 . In @entity1 not on beta-blocker medication, handgrip exercise should be routinely incorporated into all DASE protocols.

title: Isometric handgrip exercise during @entity452 - @entity3897 stress echocardiography increases heart rate acceleration and decreases study duration and @entity452 and XXXX dosage.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity452 :: ('MESH:D004280', 'Chemical') :: ['Dobutamine', 'dobutamine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['Atropine', 'atropine']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity3897 :: (MESH:D001285,Chemical) :: ['atropine']


abstract: Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha ( @entity3901 ) is a @entity460 -sensitive enzyme involved in receptor-mediated eicosanoid production. In resting cells, @entity3901 is present in the cytosol and nucleus and translocates to membranes via its @entity460 -dependent lipid-binding (CaLB) domain following stimulation. @entity3901 is also regulated by phosphorylation on several residues, which results in enhanced @entity1426 release. Little is known about the factors controlling the nuclear localisation of @entity3901 . Here the nuclear localisation of @entity3901 in the EA.hy.926 @entity1 endothelial cell line was investigated. Nuclear localisation was dependent on proliferation, with subconfluent cells containing higher levels of nuclear @entity3901 than contact-inhibited confluent or serum-starved cells. The broad-range protein kinase inhibitor @entity866 caused a decrease in the nuclear level of @entity3901 , whereas the protein phosphatase inhibitor @entity18398 increased the level of nuclear @entity3901 . Using inhibitors for specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, both @entity3903 /44(MAPK) and @entity1435 (MAPK) were shown to be important in modulating nuclear localisation. Finally, inhibition of nuclear import and export using Agaricus bisporus lectin and @entity18421 , respectively, demonstrated that @entity3901 contains functional nuclear localisation and export signals. Thus we have identified a novel mode of regulation of @entity3901 . This, together with the increasing body of evidence supporting the role of nuclear lipid second messengers in gene expression and proliferation, may have important implications for controlling the growth of endothelial cells in angiogenesis and @entity5 progression.

title: Nuclear localisation of cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha in the EA.hy.926 XXXX endothelial cell line is proliferation dependent and modulated by phosphorylation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity866 :: ('MESH:D019311', 'Chemical') :: ['staurosporine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

entities_list: @entity18421 :: ('MESH:C038753', 'Chemical') :: ['leptomycin B']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity1 , @entity5 , and treatment variables associated with survival in @entity1 with @entity89 ( @entity89 ) and to compare survival in @entity1 treated before 1991 with those managed with more @entity146 treatment protocols since 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 with @entity89 treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1967 through 2007. @entity1 were divided by treatment date into Group 1, 1967 to 1991 (n = 30) and Group 2, 1992 to 2009 (n = 17). Medical records were reviewed to collect the following: demographic, radiographic, @entity5 -specific, treatment, and survival data. The 2 subgroups were statistically compared. RESULTS: There were 47 @entity1 (32 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 30.9 years (range 4 to 74). Mandibular location showed a trend toward improved survival (P = .06). Average @entity5 size was 4.38 cm (range 0.5 to 9.0 cm). Larger @entity5 were associated with decreased overall survival (P = .016). Higher grade @entity5 had decreased overall survival (P = .01). Clear surgical margins were obtained in 67% of @entity1 . Clear surgical margins correlated with improved survival (P = .002). Maxillary @entity89 constituted 83% of those with positive margins. Overall, 5-year survival was 68%. Improved 5-year survival was noted in group 2 (77%) compared with group 1 (52%) [P = .0073]. @entity1 who developed secondary @entity421 (n = 10) had 4.5-fold increased risk of @entity204 (P = .01). Recurrence was associated with 7-fold increased risk of @entity204 (P = .0008). Thirteen @entity1 died of @entity89 . CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival was noted in treatment group 2. This group benefited from improved imaging, earlier diagnosis and more @entity146 treatment that included improved surgical clearance. A clear survival advantage for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not demonstrated.

title: XXXX of the jaws: factors influencing prognosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity89 :: ('MESH:D007571', 'Disease') :: ['JOS', 'jaw osteosarcoma']

answer: @entity421 :: (MESH:D012516,Disease) :: ['Osteosarcoma']


abstract: @entity14476 was isolated from the inflammatory @entity272 of a Bengal @entity7928 in April, 1979. In clinical findings rounded area of alopecia, 3 to 8 cm in size was observed on the right haunch and the tail. The @entity272 were covered with thin scales, but the inflammatory changes were not severe. Findings, on physical examination, were unremarkable and the animal appeared healthy except for the @entity272 . The infected hairs were invaded by the fungal elements and arthroconidia were around the hair shaft. Cuticles and cortex of the infected hairs were brittle. They were evidently digested and were easily pulled out from the hair follicles. In mycological findings numerous and typical macroconidia were observed. By cross mating of a isolate from @entity7928 and @entity14476 (-) strains, cleistothecia were produced. Both organic @entity6893 and @entity34077 ointment were effective for therapy. In this paper the dermatophytosis of @entity7928 caused by @entity14476 is described.

title: Dermatophytosis of @entity7928 caused by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity34077 :: ('MESH:D014476', 'Chemical') :: ['undecylenic acid']

entities_list: @entity272 :: ('MESH:D012871', 'Disease') :: ['skin lesions']

entities_list: @entity14476 :: ('63405', 'Species') :: ['M. canis', 'Nannizzia otae', 'Microsporum canis']

answer: @entity14476 :: (63405,Species) :: ['Microsporum canis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Both 8-mm-tip and irrigated-tip catheters improve outcomes in typical @entity956 . However, it is not yet known which is preferable. The objective was to compare the effectiveness of 8-mm-tip (Group 1) and open irrigated-tip (Group 2) catheters in the first ablation attempt. METHODS: A prospective randomized trial with a long-term follow-up was performed in @entity1 with documented typical @entity956 . For both types of catheter, the power was initially set to 50 W. The primary endpoint was ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus in a procedure lasting, at most, 600 s. RESULTS: Group 1 contained 65 @entity1 and Group 2 contained 66, with no significant intergroup difference in baseline characteristics. Their mean age was 63+/-12 years, 80% were @entity1 , and 65% had structural @entity299 . The primary endpoint was achieved in 48 @entity1 (73.8%) in Group 1 and 49 (74.2%) in Group 2 (P=NS). In the remaining @entity1 , the procedure was continued at the physician's discretion and ablation was finally achieved in all cases. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there was no significant difference between the groups in the number of applications of the ablation device or in the duration of the ablation procedure, radioscopy or the total procedure. By 16+/-5 months of follow-up (>1 year in 98%), 8 (6.3%) @entity1 had experienced recurrence and 95 (74.2%) were free from any @entity943 . There was no differences between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: No difference was found between the effectiveness of 8-mm-tip and open irrigated-tip catheters in the first attempt at ablation of typical @entity956 .

title: Comparison of 8-mm-tip and irrigated-tip catheters in the ablation of isthmus-dependent XXXX : a prospective randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter ablation', 'atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

answer: @entity956 :: (MESH:D001282,Disease) :: ['atrial flutter']


abstract: @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is a @entity102 characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. Interleukin (IL)-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory diseases. Here, we analyzed @entity8923 levels in the plasma of juveniles with @entity1723 . Compared to control subjects, @entity8923 levels were significantly elevated in @entity1 with @entity1723 . On the other hand, levels of @entity10454 ( @entity10454 ) and @entity21264 , two negative regulators of @entity8923 function, remained unchanged when comparing @entity1723 to control samples. Notably, however, although @entity10454 levels were not elevated, @entity8923 and @entity10454 were found to be positively correlated in type 1 @entity6 . Even so, free, unbound @entity8923 remained significantly increased in @entity6 @entity1 . Additionally, correlation studies also revealed that @entity8923 and @entity10454 are positively correlated with HbA1c levels in @entity1723 @entity1 , suggesting a potential link between @entity8923 and metabolic control in these @entity1 . Finally, we observed a significant increase in @entity8923 protein expression within @entity1 pancreatic islet specimens collected from type 1 @entity6 . These results further expand our knowledge of the role of @entity8923 in @entity1723 , may give insight into common pathogenic mechanisms associated with metabolic control in both @entity1723 and T2D, and suggest that targeting this cytokine may improve therapeutic outcomes for @entity1723 @entity1 .

title: Increased expression of XXXX in the serum and islets of type 1 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['Type 1 diabetes', 'T1D']

answer: @entity8923 :: (3606,Gene) :: ['IL-18']


abstract: A method for determination of trace @entity349 in hair by @entity7470 generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry under normal or high temperature and high humidity condition was described. The ways of samples pretreatment, analysis and rapid clearing up bad memory were researched. The results showed: that the effect of instability of @entity349 can be cushioned under high temperature and high humidity condition by choosing much negative high pressure and control long the fluorescence intensity of standard blank. There weren't evident differences in the measure results of standard graph, standard and sample between normal and high temperature and high humidity conditions. When the reducer concentration was more than 2.5 percent or less than 1.5 percent the fluorescence signal was often overrun or disappeared. The sensitivity and stability of instrument weren't easily balanced. Due to @entity8316 remainder, the fluorescence intensity of sample blank was higher than that of standard blank, especially under high temperature and high humidity, so in the proceed of sample pretreatment @entity8316 was used scarcely. The bad memory effect can be cleared up rapidly by correction of negative high pressure and correction of of timized standard graph. The method was rapid and accurate. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was equal to or small than 1.1%. The detection limit of the method was 0.006 ng x mL(-1).

title: [Determination of trace @entity349 in hair by XXXX generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry].

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity8316 :: ('MESH:C033158', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfuric acid']

entities_list: @entity7470 :: ('CHEBI:29239', 'Chemical') :: ['hydride']

answer: @entity7470 :: (CHEBI:29239,Chemical) :: ['hydride']


abstract: PURPOSE: The main objective of this study was to optimize @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) nanomicellar solution and study in vivo ocular @entity9472 tissue distribution with a topical drop. METHODS: An optimized blend of hydrogenated castor oil-40 and @entity6000 -40 was prepared to entrap @entity9472 within nanomicelles. In vivo studies were conducted in New Zealand White albino @entity95 with topical drop instillation. RESULTS: Average size of @entity9472 -loaded nanomicelles was approximately 22.4 nm. Ocular tissue @entity9472 quantification with single and multiple dosing revealed that @entity9472 levels followed as @entity267  >  iris-ciliary body  >  aqueous humor  >  lens. @entity205 levels were also found to be in the following order: conjunctiva  >  sclera  >  retina/choroid  >  vitreous humor. High @entity9472 level was detected in retina/choroid (53.7 ng/g tissue). CONCLUSIONS: Ocular tissue @entity9472 distribution studies revealed high @entity9472 concentrations in anterior ocular tissues. Moreover, it appears that nanomicelles are transported through a conjunctival-scleral pathway and deliver @entity9472 to the retina/choroid. Results suggest polymeric blend to be a safe carrier for anterior and posterior ocular tissues. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: This study has significant translational relevance, disclosing results that suggest that aqueous nanomicellar approach can provide high corneal and conjunctival @entity9472 concentrations. Aqueous nanomicelles can deliver high drug concentrations not only to anterior but also to back of the eye tissues, including retina. This article provides a platform for noninvasive back of the eye drug delivery with topical eye drops. Aqueous @entity9472 nanomicelles have no perceptible @entity137 such as cell membrane damage or @entity137 to corneal and retinal pigment epithelial cells. Clear aqueous nanomicellar solution can be translated to @entity1 conditions for @entity9849 sicca and other anti-inflammatory conditions.

title: Topical, Aqueous, Clear XXXX Formulation Design for Anterior and Posterior Ocular Delivery.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6000 :: ('MESH:D017830', 'Chemical') :: ['octoxynol']

entities_list: @entity9849 :: ('MESH:D007637', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine', 'cyclosporine']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['Cyclosporine']


abstract: Serum of normal volunteers and serum of @entity302 @entity1 receiving either a single drug or combined antiepileptic therapy with @entity3174 ( @entity15068 ); @entity2049 ( @entity2050 ); @entity8821 (Prim); Phenobarbital (Phb) were examined and showed: No differences with regard to total proteins, albumins and A/G ratio. The alpha 1-globulin fraction increased to 4.4% with @entity15068 / @entity2050 (P less than 0.001) and decreased to 1.7% with @entity15068 /Prim = (P less than 0.001). The alpha 2-globulins corresponded to 7.2% (P less than 0.001) with @entity15068 /Prim and 15.5% (P less than 0.001) with @entity15068 /Phb treatments. beta-Globulins decreased to 7.1% (P less than 0.05) when received @entity15068 /Phb treatment. Low concentrations of serum gamma-Globulins were found in Phb (P less than 0.001), Prim (P less than 0.001, @entity15068 (P less than 0.001) treated @entity1 . However, with @entity2050 , @entity15068 /Phb, @entity15068 /Prim this electrophoretic fraction remained within the upper range of normal. IgA of @entity1 treated with @entity15068 showed a mean of 60 mg/dl. Those @entity1 with @entity15068 serum levels below or above 12-20 micrograms/ml remained normal. Prim and Phb treatment also decreased IgA. IgD was normal in @entity1 treated with @entity15068 /Prim. Alterations of immune humoral responses to all antiepileptic drugs were found.

title: Effects of antiepileptic drugs on concentration of serum proteins and immunoglobulins of XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['Phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity8821 :: ('MESH:D011324', 'Chemical') :: ['Primidone']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbamazepine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epileptic']