abstract: In the agonadal, androgenized ewe @entity251 before birth produces a precocious pubertal rise in circulating LH and abolishes the LH surge mechanism. The present study tested two predictions from this model in the ovary-intact female: 1) prenatal @entity342 exposure produces early ovarian stimulation; and 2) despite early ovarian stimulation, progestogenic cycles would not occur because of the abolition or disruption of the LH surge. Pregnant ewes were injected with @entity3033 twice per week from either d 30-90 (T60 group; 100 mg/injection) or d 60-90 (T30 group; 80 mg/injection) of gestation (term, 147 d). Control ewes received no injections. At birth, the androgenized and control @entity742 were divided into two groups: ovary-intact to determine the effects of prenatal @entity342 on the timing of puberty and subsequent ovarian function, and ovariectomized to assess the timing of the pubertal decrease in sensitivity to @entity172 negative feedback and the subsequent increase in LH. Neonatally orchidectomized, @entity172 -treated males were included for comparison of the timing of this pubertal rise in LH secretion. Neuroendocrine puberty (determined on the basis of LH increase) was advanced in the androgenized females to a similar age as in males. Repeated @entity1420 cycles of the same duration and number occurred in the ovary-intact ewes, and they began at the same time as for control females, thus negating both predictions. Differences appeared during the second breeding season, when reproductive cycles were either absent (T60) or disrupted (T30 group). Our findings reveal that exposure to @entity3800 in utero causes a progressive loss of cyclic function in adulthood.

title: Prenatal programming of reproductive neuroendocrine function: fetal XXXX exposure produces progressive disruption of reproductive cycles in @entity742 .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate effect of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) on vaginal symptoms and @entity458 , @entity546 and @entity322 in primiparous @entity1 stratified by major or no defects of the levator ani muscle. DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial (RCT). SETTING: Akershus University Hospital, Norway. SAMPLE: About 175 primiparous @entity1 with a singleton vaginal delivery. METHODS: Two-armed assessor blinded parallel group RCT from 6 weeks to 6 months postpartum comparing effect of PFMT versus control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire-vaginal symptoms questionnaire (ICIQ-VS) and ICIQ @entity458 module (ICIQ-FLUTSsex). RESULTS: Overall, analysis (n = 175) showed no difference between training and control groups in @entity1 having vaginal symptoms or symptoms related to @entity250 6 months postpartum. The majority of @entity1 (88%) had intercourse and there was no difference between groups. Unadjusted subgroup analysis of @entity1 with a major defect of the levator ani muscle (n = 55) showed that @entity1 in the training group had 45% less risk of having the symptom 'vagina feels loose or lax' compared with the control group (relative risk 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.31, 0.95; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Unadjusted analysis showed that in @entity1 with major defect of the levator ani muscle, significantly fewer in the training group had the symptom 'vagina feels loose or lax' compared with the control group. No difference was found between groups for symptoms related to @entity250 . More studies are needed to explore effect of PFMT on vaginal symptoms and @entity250 . TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Unadjusted analysis shows that PFMT might prevent symptoms of 'vagina feels loose or lax'.

title: Effect of postpartum pelvic floor muscle training on vaginal symptoms and XXXX -secondary analysis of a randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['coital incontinence']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual matters']

entities_list: @entity546 :: ('MESH:D004414', 'Disease') :: ['dyspareunia']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunction']


abstract: PURPOSE: Acute @entity1030 exacerbations account for much of the rising disability and costs associated with @entity1030 , but data on predictive risk factors are limited. The goal of the current study was to develop a robust, clinically based model to predict frequent exacerbation risk. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 identified from the Optimum @entity1 Care Research Database (OPCRD) with a diagnostic code for @entity1030 and a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio <0.7 were included in this historical follow-up study if they were >= 40 years old and had data encompassing the year before (predictor year) and year after (outcome year) study index date. The data set contained potential risk factors including demographic, clinical, and comorbid variables. Following univariable analysis, predictors of two or more exacerbations were fed into a stepwise multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted for subpopulations of @entity1 without any @entity565 diagnosis ever and those with questionnaire data on symptoms and smoking pack-years. The full predictive model was validated against 1 year of prospective OPCRD data. RESULTS: The full data set contained 16,565 @entity1 (53% male, median age 70 years), including 9,393 @entity1 without any recorded @entity565 and 3,713 @entity1 with questionnaire data. The full model retained eleven variables that significantly predicted two or more exacerbations, of which the number of exacerbations in the preceding year had the strongest association; others included height, age, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and several comorbid conditions. Significant predictors not previously identified included @entity1712 and @entity1030 Assessment Test score. The predictive ability of the full model (C statistic 0.751) changed little when applied to the validation data set (n=2,713; C statistic 0.735). Results of the sensitivity analyses supported the main findings. CONCLUSION: @entity1 at risk of exacerbation can be identified from routinely available, computerized primary care data. Further study is needed to validate the model in other @entity1 populations.

title: Predicting frequent XXXX exacerbations using primary care data.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

answer: @entity1030 :: (MESH:D029424,Disease) :: ['COPD']


abstract: The changes in both the levels of some free @entity1522 and their metabolism in the @entity35 brain during the first 24 hr of postnatal life were studied. The content of @entity367 decreased for the first 2 hr; it remained at the lowest level for the next 4 hr, when it began to increase. The content of @entity493 decreased for the first 6 hr and approached the adult level. @entity26 consumption, @entity413 oxidation, and @entity2388 formation in the cerebral slices of the 24-hr-old @entity35 were as much as 150% of that of the 19-day-old fetus. The distribution profile of radioactivity incorporated into the cerebral @entity1522 from the subarachnoid-injected [U-14C]glucose was also changed. In the 2- and 6-hr-old @entity35 , 50% of the total radioactivity recovered in the free @entity1522 was in @entity493 . Its rate decreased to 30% in the 24-hr-old and was 2% in the adult, while the radioactivity incorporated into @entity367 increased. @entity493 aminotransferase activity started to increase at birth and had the highest level at 24 hr after birth. It then decreased and finally reached the same level as shown at birth. However, @entity492 aminotransferase increased during the first 6 hr after birth and did not change until the end of the first day of life.

title: Perinatal changes in amino acid metabolism of XXXX brain, especially @entity493 and @entity367 .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine', 'Alanine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2388 :: ('MESH:D019289', 'Chemical') :: ['pyruvate']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ophthalmological symptoms, particularly @entity1829 and transient visual obscuration as well as pulsatile head and ear noises are hallmarks of @entity5576 also known as @entity6437 cerebri. DIAGNOSTICS AND COURSE: Pronounced asymmetrical and unilateral @entity1829 are common occurrences in @entity1 with @entity5576 . Distension of the optic nerve sheath indicates @entity428 , which need to be confirmed by lumbar puncture. The presence of @entity1829 indicates @entity428 but its absence does not exceed it. Previous and long-standing @entity1829 obviously induces changes of the optic disc which prevent the further development of major disc swelling. The development of @entity227 can mimic a regression of @entity1829 . In cases of marked @entity1829 @entity227 may be caused by nonarteritic, @entity1781 or @entity1103 . @entity227 is present in the vast majority of cases of pronounced chronic @entity1829 and is an indication of long-standing @entity428 . Most @entity1 with @entity6437 cerebri and @entity1829 show only mild @entity227 , such as an enlarged blind spot and/or relatively mild @entity154 , which regress after reduction of the intracranial pressure. Some @entity1 , however, experience a relatively rapid progression of substantial @entity227 and @entity1952 requiring immediate and effective medicinal treatment. CONCLUSION: Ophthalmological symptoms are frequently key criteria for @entity5576 . More attention should be paid to these signs and the diagnostic approach should be multidisciplinary.

title: [Ophthalmological symptoms of XXXX : Importance for diagnosis and clinical course].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['arcuate defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual obscuration', 'visual atrophy', 'visual loss', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['increased intracranial pressure']

entities_list: @entity6437 :: ('MESH:D006104', 'Disease') :: ['pseudotumor']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papilledema']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5576 :: ('MESH:D011559', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']

answer: @entity5576 :: (MESH:D011559,Disease) :: ['idiopathic intracranial hypertension']


abstract: Erythrocytes from @entity1707 with experimental porcine @entity9463 were examined using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Three distinct forms of @entity13173 were attached to the plasma surface of erythrocyte membrane. Erythrocytes were initially parasitized by one or several immature forms. Immature forms enlarged and developed into juvenile and mature forms. The parasite replicated by budding of small immature forms from larger immature forms, juvenile forms, and mature forms. Small immature forms attached to adjacent membrane of the same erythrocyte or a nonparasitized erythrocyte. @entity13173 organisms were intimately associated with, but distinctly separated from erythrocyte membrane by a 30-nm electron lucent zone. Cell membrane in this area was denser than adjacent nonparasitized membrane. Early interaction between erythrocyte membrane and small immature forms resulted in no membrane deformation, but as this form enlarged, it later became embedded in a deep cup-like membrane invagination. As the immature form developed into the juvenile form a shallow, broad-based @entity308 was observed in the membrane. A similar @entity308 that covered a greater surface area was observed in the membrane parasitized by the mature form. The interaction between the parasitic forms and erythrocyte membrane resulted ultimately in severe membrane deformation. Parasite-membrane interactions may play an important role in the development of misdirected immune responses in experimental porcine @entity9463 .

title: Erythrocyte membrane alterations associated with the attachment and replication of XXXX : a light and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity13173 :: ('57372', 'Species') :: ['E. suis', 'Eperythrozoon suis']

entities_list: @entity9463 :: ('MESH:D009175', 'Disease') :: ['eperythrozoonosis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

answer: @entity13173 :: (57372,Species) :: ['Eperythrozoon suis']


abstract: Foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as Populus tremula L. < Fraxinus excelsior L. < Tilia cordata Mill. = Corylus avellana L. < Fagus sylvatica L. Foliar @entity505 was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, @entity1068 -soluble @entity3363 , starch) fractions. Foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected by irradiance. Both leaf dry mass per area (M(A)), a product of leaf density and thickness, and leaf dry to fresh mass ratio (D(w)), characterizing the apoplastic leaf fraction, increased with increasing relative irradiance (I(sum), calculated as the weighted mean of fractional penetration of diffuse and direct irradiance). Though the relationships were qualitatively identical among the taxa, more shade-tolerant species generally had lower values of M(A) than shade-intolerant species, and their morphological relationships with irradiance were curvilinear; however, there were no signs of saturation even at the highest irradiances in shade-intolerant species. In all species, lignin concentrations increased and cell-wall polysaccharide concentrations decreased with increasing irradiance. Consequently, biomass investment in structural leaf components appeared to be relatively constant along light gradients. The relationship between irradiance and structural compounds tended to be asymptotic in the more shade-tolerant species, whereas M(A) was linearly correlated with concentrations of structural leaf components, suggesting that similar factors were responsible for the curvature in the morphological and chemical relationships with irradiance. Because lignin increases tissue elastic modulus thereby rendering leaves more resistant to low leaf water potentials, we conclude that changes in stoichiometry of cell wall components were related to foliage acclimation to the gradients of water deficit that develop in the canopy and inherently accompany light gradients. We also conclude that increased lignification decreased leaf expansion growth, and that species differences in lignification were partly responsible for the observed interspecific variability in morphological plasticity. Analysis of structural leaf compounds provided no indication of how shade-intolerant species with low investments in lignin acclimated to gradients of water availability in the canopy. Because shade-intolerant species generally had higher capacities for photosynthesis than shade-tolerant species, we postulated that they should also have a greater ability for osmotic adjustment of leaf water potential with photosynthates. The concentrations of soluble @entity3363 increased with increasing irradiance in all species; however, the osmotic adjustment achieved in this way was similar in all species, except for shade-intolerant F. excelsior, which had a lower potential for osmotic adjustment with @entity3363 than the other taxa. Although we did not determine whether the gradients of stem water potential and leaf water deficits were similar in canopies of different species, we demonstrated that water relations play a central role in determining foliar structure and composition along light gradients in the canopy.

title: Stoichiometry of foliar XXXX constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity.

entities_list: @entity3363 :: ('MESH:D002241', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrates']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) is a new keratorefractive procedure for the correction of @entity1714 and @entity940 , which may combine advantages and eliminate disadvantages of photorefractive keratectomy (e.g. @entity158 , corneal haze) and laser in situ keratomileusis (e.g. flap and interface complications, @entity936 , keratectasia). We present the results of 108 consecutively LASEK-treated eyes with a follow-up period of 12 months. @entity1 AND METHODS: LASEK was performed on 108 consecutive eyes with @entity1714 or @entity940 using a keracor 117 excimer laser. The mean preoperative refraction was -4.12+/-1.30 diopters (D) spherical equivalent range: -1.75 to -6.0 D and maximal cylinder was 3.25 D. Results of the 12 months visit are available for 101 eyes (93.5%). RESULTS: No serious complications were observed. After 12 months, SE was within +/-1.0 D of emmetropia in 96% and within +/-0.5 D in 86% of the eyes; 6 eyes had to be retreated. None of the eyes showed haze worse than grade 1 or lost more than one line of best-corrected visual acuity. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was > or =20/20 in 80% and > or =20/40 in 98%. CONCLUSIONS: Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) seems to be safe and effective in treatment of @entity1714 and @entity940 of up to -6.0 D. Preliminary results compare favourably with those after photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis. Haze formation after LASEK seems to be low. Coverage of the stromal wound with a vital epithelial flap could positively influence postoperative wound healing reactions.

title: [Laser epithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for treatment of XXXX up to -6.0 D. Results from 108 eyes after 12 months].

entities_list: @entity940 :: ('MESH:D001251', 'Disease') :: ['myopic astigmatism']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

answer: @entity1714 :: (MESH:D009216,Disease) :: ['myopia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Even with great advances in surgery and improved clinical outcome, morbidity and mortality are still high for large volume @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ). Recently, gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) has proven to be a safe and effective treatment for many @entity1 with intracranial @entity1653 . However, single session GKS may increase the risk of radiation-induced @entity137 for large @entity1653 . Recently, fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery (FGKS) has been performed for an increasing number of @entity1 with surgically high-risk and large @entity5 . In this study, we report our results on the efficacy and safety of FGKS for large @entity1653 . METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of 70 @entity1 who underwent GKS for large volume (>10 cm(3)) intracranial @entity1653 between 2004 and 2015, with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. The authors classified these @entity1 into two groups of single-session GKS, fractionated GKS (FGKS). The @entity1 were followed by clinical examination as well as serial imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: In the single-session GKS group (42 @entity1 ), the median @entity5 volume was 15.2 cm(3) (range 10.3-48.3 cm(3)); the median prescription dose was 12 Gy (range 8-14 Gy), and the median follow-up duration was 57.8 months (range 14.5-128.4 months). In the FGKS group (28 @entity1 ), the median @entity5 volume was 21 cm(3) (range 10.2-54.7 cm(3)), and the median prescription was 7.5 Gy in 2 fractions (range 5-8 Gy), 6 Gy in 3 fractions (range 5-6.5 Gy), 4.5 Gy in 4 fractions. The median follow-up duration for the FGKS group was 50 months (range 12.5-90.6 months). The overall 5-year @entity5 control rate was 92.9% in the FGKS group and 88.1% in the single-session GKS group. Fourteen (33.3%) symptomatic complications after single session GKS were noted, including 5 cases of @entity1269 , 4 of @entity410 , 3 of peritumoral @entity4 , and 2 of @entity1276 . Two (7.1%) symptomatic complications after FGKS were noted, including 2 cases of @entity1269 . The FGKS group had higher progression free survival (PFS) rate at 5 years (92.9% vs. 88.1%), but the differences did not reach statistical significance (p=0.389). The @entity1 in the FGKS group, however, experienced a lower complication rate compared with @entity1 with single session GKS group (p=0.017, hazard ratio, 5.7: 1). CONCLUSION: When the large-volume (>10 cm(3)) intracranial @entity1653 are expected to have high morbidity after microsurgery and for @entity1 that have a poor medical status for surgery, FGKS can be considered a good alternative with @entity5 control and lower complications rates compared with single-session GKS (p=0.017).

title: Is fractionated Gamma Knife radiosurgery a safe and effective treatment approach for large volume (>10 cm(3)) XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'good tumor']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'MNGs']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['intracranial meningiomas']


abstract: It is known that certain dietary fats can modulate @entity35 @entity251 metabolism. In the current study we have investigated testicular steroidogenic enzyme activities and serum @entity251 levels in @entity35 fed diets containing either different protein sources (casein, fishmeal, whey) or different lipid sources ( @entity1460 oil, @entity4600 ( @entity4601 ), seal oil, fish oil, lard). The diets examined reflect different marine oils and proteins which are significant components of Northern Canadian diets. Male @entity35 (42-45 days old, 6 per group), were assigned to specific diets for 42 days. On the 43rd day of the study, @entity35 were sacrificed and blood plasma and testes frozen (-80 degrees C) until analysis. Microsomal steroidogenic enzyme activities (3beta-HSD, 17-OHase, C-17,20-lyase, @entity27581 ) were measured radiometrically. There were no differences in enzyme activities between the three dietary protein sources. In contrast, compared with the standard casein diet, all lipid sources caused reductions in C-17,20-lyase activity (>50%); seal oil and fish oil reduced 17-OHase activity (approximately 30%) and @entity1460 oil, @entity4601 fish oil and lard reduced @entity27581 activity (approximately 30%). No effect on 3beta-HSD activity was evident. Serum @entity251 levels were determined using ELISA kits and were not affected by any diet with the exception of the @entity1460 oil diet which was significantly elevated compared with the casein protein diet. Body and testis weights were not affected by diet. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that some dietary lipid sources caused reductions in testicular 17-OHase and C-17,20-lyase activities but not to the extent that serum T levels were affected, while @entity1460 oil caused elevated serum @entity251 in the absence of elevated steroidogenic enzyme activities.

title: Effects of dietary fats and proteins on XXXX testicular steroidogenic enzymes and serum @entity251 levels.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity4600 :: ('CHEBI:28125', 'Chemical') :: ['docosahexaenoic acid']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: @entity9596 ( @entity9596 )-targeted cytotoxin, @entity4047 -PE38QQR, composed of @entity4047 and a mutated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE), is found to be highly and specifically cytotoxic to @entity1 solid @entity5 cell lines. However, the mechanism of @entity5 cell death mediated by @entity4047 toxin is still not known. To elucidate the mechanism, we utilized four @entity135 cell lines (SCC-25, HN12, KCCT873, and YCUM911), which express high levels of @entity9596 , and @entity4047 toxin is highly cytotoxic to these cells. We observed chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, indicating apoptotic cell death, after treatment with @entity4047 toxin, as determined by @entity2455 staining and DNA ladder assays. However, @entity4047 did not induce cell death. Flow cytometric analysis suggested that these @entity5 cell lines increased the sub-G1/G0 phase DNA population in a dose- and time-dependent manner (ranged between 10 and 30%) after treatment with @entity4047 toxin. By Western blot analysis, cleavage of @entity522 and @entity9190 was observed after treatment with a high concentration of @entity4047 toxin, also suggesting apoptotic cell death. In addition, the results of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays showed that the apoptosis-regulator, @entity588 was downregulated after treatment with @entity4047 toxin, while @entity589 was upregulated. Moreover, significant @entity3542 production was detected in the HN12 cell line after treatment with @entity4047 toxin for 48--96 h. Taken together, our results suggest that @entity4047 toxin-induced @entity137 is at least partially mediated by the apoptosis and @entity842 pathways. This information may be useful in developing specific approaches where apoptotic bodies from @entity5 cells may be used to pulse antigen-presenting cells for immunotherapy of @entity5 .

title: Apoptotic pathways of cell death induced by an interleukin-13 receptor-targeted recombinant cytotoxin in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity9596 :: ('3598', 'Gene') :: ['IL-13R', 'Interleukin 13 receptor']

entities_list: @entity2455 :: ('MESH:D006690', 'Chemical') :: ['bis-benzimide']

entities_list: @entity3542 :: ('CHEBI:16301', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrite']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity135 :: (MESH:D006258,Disease) :: ['head and neck cancer']


abstract: We sought to find a urinary biomarker for @entity740 and tested @entity851 ( @entity851 , also known as @entity37911 / @entity37911 ) as it was found to be a @entity8 biomarker in microarray studies. Here, we studied whether @entity851 is a marker of @entity8 progression. Its @entity8 was confirmed by real-time PCR after 5/6 nephrectomy, in @entity3839 -induced @entity6 , and in @entity1 with @entity740 . In the remnant kidney, @entity851 mRNA increased over time reflecting lesion chronicity. @entity851 was identified in the @entity1188 in infiltrating hematopoietic interstitial cells, and in distal nephron tubules of the viable remnant kidney expressed de novo with increasing time. In vitro, it localized to cytoplasmic vesicles and cell membranes. Epithelial cells lining distal tubules and sloughed luminal tubule cells of @entity1 expressed @entity851 protein. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio increased over time after 5/6 nephrectomy; increased in @entity1 with @entity8 ; and remained detectable in urine after prolonged freezer storage. The urine @entity851 -to- @entity1011 ratio compared favorably with the urine @entity15901 ( @entity15901 )-to- @entity1011 ratio (both measured by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs)), and correlated strongly with @entity644 , but weakly with estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum @entity1011 . Thus, @entity851 may be a biomarker of progressive @entity8 .

title: Hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1 ( XXXX / @entity37911 ) is a biomarker of progressive @entity8 across species.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuric and polycystic kidney disease', 'kidney injury', 'increase in kidney disease', 'kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['hematopoietic growth factor inducible neurokinin-1', 'HGFIN']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozotocin']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct portion of the remnant kidney']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity15901 :: ('3934', 'Gene') :: ['neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin', 'NGAL']

answer: @entity37911 :: (10457,Gene) :: ['Gpnmb']


abstract: The objective is to evaluate the therapeutic effect and @entity137 of IV @entity786 on the evolution of diffuse and focal proliferative forms of @entity1988 . It's a prospective, descriptive and non-controlled study. We treated 12 @entity1 (M/F = 1:11, aged 30.07 +/- 14.15) diagnosed by renal biopsy with diffuse proliferative (n = 10) and focal (n = 2) @entity1988 . All @entity1 received IV @entity786 . A dose of 1 g/sg.m of body surface area was administered monthly for the first three months and each three months until two years. The follow-up was 34 +/- 24.83 months (range 6-67). Seven @entity1 completed two years of treatment with @entity786 with a further follow-up of 18.71 +/- 12.36 months (range 6-67). Renal function either improved or remained unchanged. @entity644 , @entity811 and immunologic markers decreased or normalized at three years. The @entity1 who finished the period of two years with CFIV remained stable. There were neither infections nor @entity2335 . We conclude that with the scheme of CFIV used by us good therapeutics effects will be obtained with minimum secondary @entity137 in a follow-up of three to five years.

title: [Treatment of the diffuse and focal proliferative forms of lupus nephropathy with intravenous @entity786 . Intravenous XXXX in systemic lupus erythematosus].

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['Proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2335 :: ('MESH:D003556', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic cystitis']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: We studied the adherence of @entity1 erythrocytes to larvae of the intravascular parasite @entity380 by transmission microscopy, freeze @entity174 , and fluorescence techniques. In addition, we used the adherent cells to investigate the problem of host antigen acquisition. Schistosomula were cultured for from 24 to 48 h after transformation in order to clear the remnants of the cercarial glycocalyx. In some cases, the worms were preincubated with @entity3505 germ agglutinin to promote adherence of the erythrocytes. The results were similar with and without the lectin except that more cells attached to the lectin-coated parasites. Erythrocytes adhered within a few hours and, unlike neutrophils, did not fuse with the parasite. A layer of 10-20-nm electron dense material separated the outer leaflets of the tegumental and plasma membranes. In addition, many deformed and lysed cells were seen on the parasite surface. The ability of the worm to acquire erythrocyte membrane constituents was tested with @entity18788 dyes, @entity941 covalently conjugated to glycophorin, monoclonal antibodies against B and H blood group glycolipids, and @entity95 alpha-human erythrocyte IgG. In summary, glycophorin, erythrocyte proteins, and glycolipids were not transferred to the parasite membrane within 48 h. @entity18788 dyes were rapidly transferred to the parasite with or without lectin preincubation. Thus, the dye in the worm membrane came from both adherent and nonadherent cells. These studies suggest that, in the absence of membrane fusion, the parasite may acquire some lipid molecules similar in structure to host membrane glycolipids by simple transfer through the medium but that B and H glycolipids and erythrocyte membrane proteins are not transferred from adhering cells to the worm.

title: @entity1 erythrocytes adhering to schistosomula of XXXX lyse and fail to transfer membrane components to the parasite.

entities_list: @entity18788 :: ('CHEBI:52218', 'Chemical') :: ['Carbocyanine', 'carbocyanine']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity380 :: ('6183', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

answer: @entity380 :: (6183,Species) :: ['Schistosoma mansoni']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There are no controlled studies dedicated to research of side effects of antidepressants. It is a well known fact that antidepressants reciprocally differ according to their type, intensity and frequency of appearance of certain side effects. For example, cardiovascular and anticholinergic effects are essential feature of the tricyclics whereas gastrointestinal and @entity458 are registered during the use of selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. Interruptions of therapy or irregular use of drugs because of the appearance of side effects are not rare. Serious side effects of drugs are the fourth cause of @entity204 in the USA. AIM: The aim of this study is the evaluation of appearance of side effects comparing three different groups of antidepressants: @entity906 , @entity3659 and @entity903 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 90 in- @entity1 as well as outpatients of both sexes aged 18-65 who were treated for major @entity308 at Psychiatric Clinic in Banjaluka. 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity3659 75-250 mg, 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity903 20-40 mg and 30 @entity1 were treated with @entity906 75-300 mg. The selection of @entity1 was done on the basis of diagnosis of major @entity308 . RESULTS: Most @entity1 did not have serious side effects. The study confirmed high efficiency of the mentioned drugs as well as the fact that @entity903 causes a bit more side effects in comparison with two other antidepressants.

title: Comparison of Tolerance of @entity906 , @entity903 and @entity3659 in XXXX Therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorder']

entities_list: @entity3659 :: ('MESH:D000639', 'Chemical') :: ['amitriptyline']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual side effects']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity906 :: ('MESH:C047426', 'Chemical') :: ['venlafaxine']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['Depression']


abstract: @entity173 risk is usually evaluated using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) or quantitative computed tomography (QCT) which provide surrogate measures for proximal femoral strength. However, proximal femoral strength can best be estimated explicitly by combining QCT with finite element (FE) analysis. To evaluate this technique for predicting @entity173 in older @entity1 and @entity1 , we performed a nested age- and sex-matched case-control study in the Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility (AGES) Reykjavik cohort. Baseline (pre- @entity174 ) QCT scans of 5500 subjects were obtained. During 4-7 years follow-up, 51 @entity1 and 77 @entity1 sustained @entity173 . Ninety-seven @entity1 and 152 @entity1 were randomly selected as age- and sex-matched controls. FE-strength of the left hip of each subject for stance (F(Stance)) and posterolateral fall (F(Fall)) loading, and total femur areal bone mineral density (aBMD) were computed from the QCT data. F(Stance) and F(Fall) in incident @entity173 subjects were 13%-25% less than in control subjects (p  <= 0.006) after controlling for demographic parameters. The difference between FE strengths of @entity174 and control subjects was disproportionately greater in @entity1 (stance, 22%; fall, 25%) than in @entity1 (stance, 13%; fall, 18%) (p  <= 0.033), considering that F(Stance) and F(Fall) in @entity174 subjects were greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 (p < 0.001). For @entity1 , F(Stance) was associated with @entity173 after accounting for aBMD (p = 0.013). These data indicate that F(Stance) provides information about @entity174 risk that is beyond that provided by aBMD (p = 0.013). These findings support further exploration of possible sex differences in the predictors of @entity173 and of sex-specific strategies for using FE analysis to manage @entity170 .

title: Male-female differences in the association between incident XXXX and proximal femoral strength: a finite element analysis study.

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['Hip fracture', 'hip fractures', 'hip fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

answer: @entity173 :: (MESH:D006620,Disease) :: ['hip fracture']


abstract: @entity816 , especially of high grade, is dependent on neovascularization for its growth and progression. The expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 -A), an important angiogenesis factor, has been demonstrated in perinecrotic cells in @entity463 . In order to achieve more knowledge regarding the process of @entity816 angiogenesis and growth we have investigated the expression of @entity7 immunohistochemically in different areas of @entity5 . In 21 @entity1 with @entity816 of varying grade serial stereotactic biopsies were performed. Biopsies were taken from brain adjacent to @entity5 (BAT), @entity5 periphery, and @entity5 center. In the BAT region of high-grade @entity816 , we found a frequent expression of @entity7 in @entity5 cells and less frequent in blood vessels. In the periphery, there was an expression mainly in @entity5 cells while in the center of grade IV @entity5 @entity7 was also frequently expressed in cells adjacent to @entity39 . @entity7 in @entity816 grade II was demonstrated in viable @entity5 cells preferentially in the periphery but also in peripheral vessels and in centrally located @entity5 cells. The findings indicate that, in addition to @entity519 in @entity39 areas there may be other factors that stimulate the expression of @entity7 . It is suggested that @entity7 may be a prerequisite for the @entity146 and infiltrative growth of @entity816 . Therefore, when operating high-grade @entity816 it may be of importance to resect this @entity146 peripheral part of the @entity5 and also to take this finding into account when planning radiotherapy.

title: Spatial expression of @entity7 in XXXX glioma.

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF', 'VEGF-A']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas', 'Astrocytoma', 'astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In social mammals, the position of a male in the group's hierarchy strongly affects his reproductive success. Since a high social rank is often gained through competition with other males, selection should favour bigger males over smaller ones. We may therefore predict faster growth and/or delayed sexual @entity2175 in dominant males. Likewise, dominants should have higher levels of @entity251 , hormone important in many aspects of male dominance. Less obvious is the relationship between dominance and levels of @entity2819 but generally higher concentrations are expected in subordinate individuals. We studied body growth, sexual maturation and endocrinal changes in males of two @entity19 , raised in fraternal pairs. Since @entity32113 is the subspecies which dominates mutual encounters with @entity29347 we predicted higher growth rate, delayed @entity1175 and @entity146 , and higher @entity251 and @entity2819 levels in domesticus males compared to musculus. In all comparisons, no differences were found between dominant and subordinate musculus brothers. On the other hand, in M. @entity14085 , dominant males revealed a different growth trajectory and lower @entity2819 levels than subordinate males but not delayed @entity1175 and higher @entity251 concentrations, thus contradicting our predictions. In inter-subspecific comparisons, musculus males matured earlier but became @entity146 at the same time as domesticus males. The musculus @entity251 ontogeny suggests that social positions in this subspecies remain unfixed for an extended period and that the increasing levels probably reflect prolonged hierarchy contests. It appears that the ontogeny of behaviour and physiological traits diverge cryptically between the two subspecies.

title: Shaking the myth: Body mass, XXXX , steroid hormones, and social dominance in wild @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggression', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['house mouse subspecies']

entities_list: @entity2819 :: ('MESH:D003345', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosterone']

entities_list: @entity32113 :: ('10092', 'Species') :: ['Mus musculus domesticus']

entities_list: @entity29347 :: ('39442', 'Species') :: ['Mus musculus musculus']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggression']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity16881 (MCI) and especially @entity16880 (MI) contact @entity566 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity566 in @entity1 presenting with @entity2652 . METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with @entity2652 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity566 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity1 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity1 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity1 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity1 were @entity1097 . All @entity1 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity566 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity2652 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity16881 and @entity16880 contact XXXX in @entity2652 : a single centre Irish study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2652 :: ('MESH:D005148', 'Disease') :: ['facial dermatitis']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Cutaneous Allergy', 'allergies']

entities_list: @entity16880 :: ('MESH:C011506', 'Chemical') :: ['methylisothiazolinone']

entities_list: @entity16881 :: ('MESH:C011421', 'Chemical') :: ['methylchloroisothiazolinone']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: A randomized, multicentric, double blind study attempted to compare in 41 @entity1 hospitalized for @entity1459 , the efficacy of @entity3988 (D) 240 mg/day, @entity1169 (P) 160 mg/day and @entity17728 (M) 8 mg/day. The @entity1 included in the study presented one or several spontaneous @entity951 episodes accompanied by a transient and significant lowering of ST and/or an inverted T wave without @entity39 . The evaluation criteria were the occurrence of new @entity158 and electrical alterations on a continuous Holter for 5 days. 11 @entity1 received @entity3988 , 13 @entity1 received @entity1169 and 15 @entity1 received @entity17728 (including an @entity204 ). Clinically, the number of @entity158 episodes per day and per @entity1 goes, in an average, from 1.2 to 0.23 @entity3988 , from 2.2 to 0.44 for @entity1169 and from 2.2 to 0.45 for @entity17728 . @entity158 disappeared on the 5th day in 54.5 per cent of @entity1 under @entity3988 , 58.8 per cent of @entity1 under @entity1169 and 53.5 per cent of @entity1 under @entity17728 . Electrically, the number of @entity63 accidents per day and per @entity1 was 0.45 under @entity3988 , 2.12 under @entity1169 (0.53 in excluding one @entity1 with @entity951 ) and 0.81 under @entity17728 . The number of @entity1 without any @entity63 accident was 63.6 per cent under @entity3988 , 53.8 per cent under @entity1169 and 40 per cent under @entity17728 . In conclusion, @entity3988 , @entity1169 , and @entity17728 have a comparable efficacy in @entity1459 . The association of these medications could have a synergistic effect.

title: [Treatment of @entity1459 . A randomized double-blind study of @entity1169 , XXXX and @entity17728 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3988 :: ('MESH:D004110', 'Chemical') :: ['diltiazem']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina', 'latent angina']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['Pain', 'angina pain', 'painful']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['early death']

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

answer: @entity3988 :: (MESH:D004110,Chemical) :: ['diltiazem']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vertebral column resection is associated with a risk of @entity1566 . In the present study, using a @entity1237 model, we aimed to investigate the relationship between changes in spinal cord volume and @entity1566 due to spinal shortening, and to quantify the spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height in order to clarify a safe limit for shortening. Vertebral column resection was performed at T10 in 10 @entity1237 . The spinal cord was shortened until the somatosensory-evoked potential was decreased by 50% from the baseline amplitude or delayed by 10% relative to the baseline peak latency. A wake-up test was performed, and the @entity1237 were observed for two days postoperatively. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the spinal cord volume, T10 height, disc height, @entity1347 , and spinal segment height pre- and postoperatively. Two of the 10 @entity1237 were excluded, and hence, only data from eight @entity1237 were analyzed. The somatosensory-evoked potential of these eight @entity1237 demonstrated meaningful changes. With regard to neurologic function, five and three @entity1237 were classified as Tarlov grades 5 and 4 at two days postoperatively. The mean shortening distance was 23.6    1.51 mm, which correlated with the d-value (post-pre) of the spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height of the osteotomy segment (r = 0.95, p < 0.001) and with the height of the T10 body (r = 0.79, p = 0.02). The mean d-value (post-pre) of the spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height of the osteotomy segment was 142.87    0.59 mm3 (range, 142.19-143.67 mm3). The limit for shortening was approximately 106% of the vertebral height. The mean volumes of the osteotomy and spinal segments did not significantly change after surgery (t = 0.310, p = 0.765 and t = 1.241, p = 0.255, respectively). Thus, our results indicate that the safe limit for shortening can be calculated using the change in spinal cord volume @entity66912 -mm height.

title: Relationship between Spinal Cord Volume and XXXX due to Spinal Shortening.

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy segment height']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of therapeutic modalities on survival of @entity1204 and also to evaluate the surgical morbidity and the prognostic importance of surgicopathological variables. METHODS: A hundred and ninety-six @entity1204 @entity1 treated at Hacettepe University Hospital between 1982 and 1997 were included. After initial diagnosis all @entity1 underwent surgical procedures including peritoneal cytology, infracolic omentectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salphingoopherectomy, and complete pelvic-paraaortic lymphadenectomy. The mean age at initial diagnosis was 56 years (SD = 9.9 years) and the @entity1 were followed 3-18 years (median, 8 years). All @entity1 had @entity4348 . Stage IC and/or grade 3 @entity5 were considered high-risk factors and by this definition 147 (75%) @entity1 were low risk and 49 (25%) @entity1 were high risk. Forty-nine percent of high-risk @entity1 received adjuvant radiotherapy compared with 3.5% of @entity1 in the low-risk group. RESULTS: The 10-year disease-free and overall survival rates of the entire group were 97 and 98%, respectively. Ten-year overall survival rate for the low-risk group was 100% compared with 94% for @entity1 with high-risk features (P = 0.002). The 10-year disease-free survival rate in the high-risk group was 96% for 24 @entity1 who received adjuvant radiotherapy versus 92% for 25 @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant therapy (P = 0.53). Only high grade was a significant predictor of poor survival (P = 0.0004). Overall surgical morbidity rate was 8.1% without mortality related to surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical staging achieved excellent survival for @entity1204 @entity1 without incurring untoward morbidity and mortality. No survival advantage of adjuvant radiotherapy was detected even for high-risk @entity1 , so we suggest the use of radiotherapy may be reserved for relapse.

title: Is there a survival benefit to adjuvant radiotherapy in high-risk surgical XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['stage I endometrial cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

answer: @entity1204 :: (MESH:D016889,Disease) :: ['stage I endometrial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Esophagogastroduedenoscopy (EGD) in @entity1 is usually performed under general anesthesia. Anesthetic goals include minimization of airway complications while maximizing operating room (OR) efficiency. Currently, there is no consensus on which anesthetic technique best meets these goals. We performed a prospective randomized study comparing three different anesthetic techniques. AIMS: To evaluate the incidence of @entity1576 (primary aim) and institutional efficiency (secondary aim) among three different anesthetic techniques in @entity1 undergoing EGD. METHODS: Subjects received a standardized inhalation induction of anesthesia followed by randomization to one of the three groups: Group intubated, @entity2614 (IS), Group intubated, @entity1875 (IP), and Group native airway, nonintubated, @entity1875 (NA). Respiratory complications included minor desaturation (SpO2 between 94% and 85%), severe desaturation (SpO2   <  85%), @entity386 , @entity1224 / @entity8822 , aspiration, and/or inadequate anesthesia during the endoscopy. Evaluation of institutional efficiency was determined by examining the time spent during the different phases of care (anesthesia preparation, procedure, OR stay, recovery, and total perioperative care). RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-nine @entity1 aged 1-12  years (median 7  years; 4.0, 10.0) were enrolled (Group IS N  =  60, Group IP N  =  59, Group NA N  =  61). The incidence of @entity1576 was higher in the Group NA (0.459) vs Group IS (0.033) or Group IP (0.086) (P  <  0.0001). The most commonly observed complications were desaturation, inadequate anesthesia, and @entity386 . There were no differences in institutional efficiency among the three groups. CONCLUSION: Respiratory complications were more common in Group NA. The use of native airway with @entity1875 maintenance during EGD does not offer advantages with respect to @entity1576 or institutional efficiency.

title: Comparison of different anesthesia techniques during esophagogastroduedenoscopy in XXXX : a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity2614 :: ('MESH:C009250', 'Chemical') :: ['sevoflurane']

entities_list: @entity8822 :: ('MESH:D007826', 'Disease') :: ['laryngospasm']

entities_list: @entity1224 :: ('MESH:D000402', 'Disease') :: ['airway obstruction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Conjugated @entity4722 (CLA) is a mixture of positional (e.g. 7,9; 9,11; 10,12; 11,13) and geometric (cis or trans) isomers of @entity47191 . This compound was first shown to prevent mammary carcinogenesis in @entity19 models. Later investigations uncovered a number of additional health benefits, including decreasing @entity731 and @entity32 while enhancing immune function. The mechanisms of action underlying these biological properties are not clearly understood. The aim of this review is to highlight recent advances in CLA research related to experimental @entity29 . In addition, two possible mechanisms of action (i.e. endoplasmic and nuclear) were discussed in detail in the context of enteric inflammatory disorders. Conjugated @entity4722 was first implicated in down-regulating the generation of inducible @entity1813 (i.e. @entity1421 and LTB(4)) involved in early micro-inflammatory events (endoplasmic). More recently, CLA has been shown to modulate the expression of genes regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs; nuclear). In @entity1707 , prolonged dietary CLA treatment stimulated the expression of @entity28473 in the muscle. Thus, evidence supporting both mechanistic theories of CLA acting through eicosanoid synthesis and @entity3229 activity is available. The further understanding of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of action of CLA may yield novel nutritional therapies for enteric @entity32 .

title: Colonic anti-inflammatory mechanisms of conjugated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity47191 :: ('MESH:C027369', 'Chemical') :: ['octadecadienoic acid']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory bowel disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity4722 :: ('MESH:D019787', 'Chemical') :: ['linoleic acid']

answer: @entity4722 :: (MESH:D019787,Chemical) :: ['linoleic acid']


abstract: Aim of the study was elaboration of indications to the application of postponed percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) in acute period of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 without prior thrombolytic therapy. We fulfilled comparative assessment of efficacy of 3 strategies of treatment of 810 @entity1 admitted to the N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Urgent @entity3224 from 2003 to 2007: primary PCI carried out within first 12 hours (n=32), postponed PCI in acute period because of initially elevated risk (n=90), conservative treatment without reperfusion therapy (n=688). Elevated risk of @entity204 according to TIMI score was used as the basis for establishment of indications for postponed interventions. Right ventricular involvement and repeat MI were considered as additional predictors. The data obtained indicate that elevated risk of @entity204 allows to detect @entity1 with high rate of persisting occlusions and subtotal stenoses in @entity1188 related artery. Reperfusion therapy appears to be the main component of treatment of such @entity1 . Necessity to perform primary PCI within first 12 hours does not exclude possibility of its later use in acute period of MI. Both strategies allow to substantially lower rates of complications and lethal outcomes. Shortening of terms of application of reperfusion therapy gives an opportunity to prevent most of unfavorable outcomes. Success of postponed interventions in acute period of MI opens opportunities of their active use in @entity1 from other hospitals.

title: [Early and postponed percutaneous coronary interventions in acute period of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Ml', 'myocardial Infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Stool and urine samples from 813 schoolchildren and adults from the Tomas and Rimin Gado dam areas of Kano State, Nigeria, showed @entity4114 to be present at both localities with prevalences of 26.6 and 36.8%, respectively. No cases of @entity383 were found. The prevalence and intensity of @entity4114 was low and similar in both study areas. Statistical analysis revealed a correlation between prevalence and location, but no evident association with professed patterns of water contact. Investigation of 165 freshwater habitats throughout the state revealed the presence of a number of potential snail intermediate host species, namely Bulinus senegalensis, B. forskali, B. globosus, B. rohlfsi and Biomphalaria pfeifferi. The most widespread species was Bulinus senegalensis, which inhabited shallow pools and excavations on a variety of substrata. Its habitats were typically devoid of aquatic vegetation and included those with highly turbid waters and conductivities as low as 11 microseconds. Bulinus forskali was by contrast relatively rare, occurring in more permanent water courses, although it was often found in mixed populations with @entity25871 . Bulinus globosus also occurred in seasonally rainfilled pools, but was confined to areas south of the 12 degrees N parallel, and its habitats tended to have a well-developed aquatic flora and clear water. The dominant species in @entity1 -made lakes was B. rohlfsi, which occurred in both the Tomas and Rimin Gado reservoirs. Biomphalaria pfeifferi was also primarily lake dwelling, although all species save @entity25871 were found in irrigation canals.

title: Schistosomiasis in Kano State, Nigeria. I. XXXX infections near dam sites and the distribution and habitat preferences of potential snail intermediate hosts.

entities_list: @entity4114 :: ('6185', 'Species') :: ['Schistosoma haematobium', 'S. haematobium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Filarial @entity2199 cause debilitating @entity1 diseases. While treatable, recent evidence suggests drug resistance is developing, necessitating the development of novel targets and new treatment options. Although transcriptomic and proteomic studies around the @entity2199 life cycle have greatly enhanced our knowledge, whole organism approaches have not provided spatial resolution of gene expression, which can be gained by examining individual tissues. Generally, due to their small size, tissue dissection of @entity1 -infecting filarial @entity2199 remains extremely challenging. However, @entity235 @entity5476 is caused by a closely related and much larger filarial @entity2199 , @entity5475 . As with many other filarial @entity2199 , @entity5475 contains Wolbachia, an obligate bacterial endosymbiont present in the hypodermis and developing oocytes within the uterus. Here, we describe the first concurrent tissue-specific transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of a filarial @entity2199 ( @entity5475 ) and its Wolbachia (wDi) in order to better understand tissue functions and identify tissue-specific antigens that may be used for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. METHODS: Adult @entity5475 worms were dissected into female body wall (FBW), female uterus (FU), @entity1944 ( @entity1944 ), @entity135 ( @entity135 ), male body wall (MBW), male testis (MT), @entity10552 ( @entity10552 ), @entity3930 ( @entity3930 ) and 10.1186/s12864-015-2083-2 male spicule (MS) and used to prepare transcriptomic and proteomic libraries. RESULTS: Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of several @entity5475 tissues identified many biological functions enriched within certain tissues. Hierarchical clustering of the @entity5475 tissue transcriptomes, along with the recently published whole-worm adult male and female @entity5475 transcriptomes, revealed that the whole-worm transcriptome is typically dominated by transcripts originating from reproductive tissue. The uterus appeared to have the most variable transcriptome, possibly due to age. Although many functions are shared between the reproductive tissues, the most significant differences in gene expression were observed between the uterus and testis. Interestingly, wDi gene expression in the male and female body wall is fairly similar, yet slightly different to that of Wolbachia gene expression in the uterus. Proteomic methods verified 32 % of the predicted @entity5475 proteome, including over 700 hypothetical proteins of @entity5475 . Of note, hypothetical proteins were among some of the most abundant Wolbachia proteins identified, which may fulfill some important yet still uncharacterized biological function. CONCLUSIONS: The spatial resolution gained from this parallel transcriptomic and proteomic analysis adds to our understanding of filarial biology and serves as a resource with which to develop future therapeutic strategies against filarial @entity2199 and their Wolbachia endosymbionts.

title: Tissue-specific transcriptomics and proteomics of a filarial XXXX and its Wolbachia endosymbiont.

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['FI', 'female intestine']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['FH', 'female head']

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'nematodes']

entities_list: @entity5476 :: ('MESH:D004184', 'Disease') :: ['heartworm disease']

entities_list: @entity10552 :: ('MESH:D005832', 'Disease') :: ['male intestine', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity5475 :: ('6287', 'Species') :: ['D. immitis', 'Dirofilaria immitis']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['nematode']


abstract: Higher omega-oxidation activities in the diabetic @entity1 and the starved one suggest that omega-oxidation mechanism plays an important role under these conditions. @entity13961 that is the final product of omega-oxidation can be metabolized further by beta-oxidation, subsequently, formation of @entity16740 and short-chain @entity13961 might be increased in the liver. The physiological significance of omega-oxidation might consist in supplying the substrate of @entity2974 cycle for utilization of @entity6625 and excreting the short-chain @entity17636 in urine resulting in the decrease of @entity6178 bodies in the blood, especially in @entity6 and starvation. On the bases of these information, it is important to investigate the metabolism of @entity10989 . Generally, @entity1718 must be activated before they enter the metabolic pathway. By in vitro studies with @entity35 liver homogenate, we have recently demonstrated that octadecaned-ioic acid must be activated by @entity855 -Mg2+ and @entity9931 as @entity40702 is. However, it has not been studied to compare the activity of @entity8595 synthetase on mono and @entity13961 . So, in this report, we assayed the activity of @entity8595 synthetase in beef liver preparations using palmitic or @entity73094 (C1;16) as substrate. The results are as follows 1) Activation capacity of the supernatant of sonicated mitochondria was less than that of sonicated microsome for either @entity2365 or hexadecanedioate. 2) Activation capacity for hexadecanedioate was less than that for @entity2365 in both supernatant of sonicated mitochondria and that of sonicated microsome. 3) In our experiment, it might be suggested that the subcellular distribution of hexadecanedioate activation is almost identical with that of @entity2365 activation.

title: [ @entity8595 synthetase activity of long-chain mono and XXXX in beef liver preparations (author's transl)].

entities_list: @entity16740 :: ('MESH:C012046', 'Chemical') :: ['succinyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2365 :: ('CHEBI:7896', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitate']

entities_list: @entity73094 :: ('MESH:C012346', 'Chemical') :: ['hexadecanedioic acid']

entities_list: @entity13961 :: ('CHEBI:35692', 'Chemical') :: ['Dicarboxylic acid', 'dicarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity10989 :: ('MESH:D003998', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylic acids']

entities_list: @entity40702 :: ('CHEBI:25384', 'Chemical') :: ['monocarboxylic acid']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity17636 :: ('CHEBI:28965', 'Chemical') :: ['dicarboxylate']

answer: @entity13961 :: (CHEBI:35692,Chemical) :: ['dicarboxylic acid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of conventional ultrasound (US) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in guiding and assessing early therapeutic response to radiofrequency (RF) ablation for @entity157 ( @entity157 ; up to 3 lesions, each  <=3 cm in diameter) and to report the short-term follow-up results. Between September 2011 and January 2013, 63 @entity1 with 78 @entity157 ( <=3 cm) underwent conventional US- and CEUS-guided percutaneous RF ablation. CEUS was repeated after 20-30 min to assess therapeutic response, and local efficacy was further confirmed by contrast-enhanced @entity422 mo after @entity5 ablation. @entity1 were followed periodically to look for @entity5 or disease progression. Survival probability was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Complete ablation was achieved for 76 (97.4%) of 78 @entity157 in one (n  = 73) or two (n  = 3) sessions. No major complications were observed in any @entity1 . The overall concordance in assessment of therapeutic efficacy of RF ablation between CEUS and MRI was 97.4% (76/78 @entity5 ). The concordance test gave a value of k  = 0.74 (p < 0.001), indicating that CEUS had a high diagnostic agreement with MRI. During a mean follow-up of 20 mo, the @entity5 progression rate was 5.3% (4/76 @entity5 ). The 1-, 1.5- and 2-y cumulative survival rates were 98.4%, 96.1% and 92.6%, respectively. Although CEUS has some intrinsic limitations, the combined use of conventional US and CEUS provides a safe and efficient tool to guide RF ablation for @entity157 3 cm or smaller, with encouraging results in terms of survival rate and minimal complications. Moreover, the immediate post-procedural CEUS can be a reliable alternative to contrast-enhanced MRI for assessing the early therapeutic response to RF ablation.

title: Radiofrequency Ablation for XXXX : Utility of Conventional Ultrasound and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Guiding and Assessing Early Therapeutic Response and Short-Term Follow-Up Results.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCCs', 'hepatocellular carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'local tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity422 :: ('84245', 'Gene') :: ['magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 1']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['Hepatocellular Carcinoma']


abstract: The insulin and glucagon responses to 10 mM @entity413 and 10 mM @entity369 were studied in pancreata isolated from nondiabetic @entity6 -resistant BB/ @entity35 at 60, 80, and 140 days of age and in @entity6 BB/ @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of their @entity6 . In the former group the insulin response to @entity413 declined progressively with age (r = -0.575; P less than 0.01) and at 140 days was significantly below age-matched @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). The insulin response to @entity369 did not decline with age in either group. For @entity6 @entity35 , on the first day of the @entity6 , the insulin response to @entity413 was absent but the response to @entity369 did not differ from nondiabetic controls. On day 14 responses to @entity413 and @entity369 were both absent. The glucagon response to @entity369 showed no trend despite a decline in baseline glucagon secretion. Endocrine tissue in nondiabetic @entity6 -prone @entity35 made up 0.8 +/- 0.2% of the pancreas at 60 days of age and 0.52 +/- 0.22% at 140 days of age; the latter was significantly less than in 140-day-old @entity6 -resistant controls (P less than 0.05). In @entity6 @entity35 on the 1st and 14th days of @entity6 endocrine tissue was 0.2 +/- 0.1% and 0.07 +/- 0.02%, respectively. The @entity413 transport rate in islets isolated on the first day of @entity6 was profoundly reduced compared to age-matched nondiabetic @entity6 -prone controls. Thus, a population of @entity369 -responsive, @entity413 -unresponsive islets with low @entity413 transport rates is present at the onset of overt @entity6 in BB/ @entity35 .

title: Loss of insulin response to XXXX but not @entity369 during the development of autoimmune diabetes in BB/ @entity35 : relationships to islet volume and @entity413 transport rate.

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes-prone and diabetes', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Experiences of violence may have considerable psychosocial and health implications. A violence screening tool was implemented in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults ( @entity17161 ) to depict the perpetrators' and victims' point of view. The study @entity1 were between 18 and 64 years old (n   =   5939). The aim of this article is to assess the percentage of @entity1 who experienced physical and @entity458 in the last 12 months or who suffered negative effects on their quality of life as a consequence or who were perpetrators of multiple acts of violence. The characteristics of victims, offenders, and their conflict partners are described. Furthermore, specific constellations of violence experience with regard to health-related quality of life are described. Finally, the association between being a victim of violence and different factors is estimated.In total, 2.7   % of @entity1 and 4.3   % of @entity1 reported multiple experiences of physical violence in the last 12 months or having their lives negatively impacted as a consequence of violence. Experience of @entity458 was reported by 18.9   % of @entity1 and 15.4   % of @entity1 . @entity1 are more likely than @entity1 to be both perpetrator and victim within the family. @entity1 are more likely than @entity1 to be both the perpetrator and victim outside of the family environment. Regardless of whether they are the victim or perpetrator of violence, the psychological well-being is significantly worse than those of @entity1 who did not experience violence. Experience of violence in childhood and adolescence increases the risk of becoming victim or perpetrator of violence later on in life. The findings presented here describe the psychological and physical experience of violence as one part of violence committed in the whole population. Some prevention advice is also presented.

title: [Prevalence of experience of physical and XXXX in the general population in the past 12 months : Results of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults ( @entity17161 )].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women', 'Men', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['psychological violence']

answer: @entity458 :: (MESH:D020018,Disease) :: ['psychological violence']


abstract: A non-heart-beating donor model was considered to examine whether @entity1707 hearts from the abattoir could be resuscitated by whole blood reperfusion. For preservation, machine perfusion using University of Wisconsin (UW) solution was compared with storage on ice. Nineteen hearts from abattoir @entity1707 , harvested 25 +/- 3 min after exsanguination, were harvested and transported to the laboratory. Controls (n = 7) were immediately reperfused with homologous whole @entity1707 blood in an isolated heart model for 60 min with monitoring of @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), contractility, and coronary flow. UW solution hearts (UW, n = 6) were perfused for 4 h with 10 degrees C cold UW solution before blood reperfusion. In the cold storage group (CS, n = 6), the organs were stored for an additional 4 h on ice before blood reperfusion. In all hearts, histology was performed after 60 min of blood reperfusion to evaluate @entity296 . All three groups showed significant increases in @entity1002 (p <.001), although this functional recovery was earliest in the control group and latest in the UW group. Significant declines were observed for both @entity1002 and contractility from the peak values in each group to the end of blood reperfusion. Coronary flow increased steadily over the time course for the UW group, whereas in the control and CS groups flow increased during the first 15 min of blood reperfusion and then decreased. In the UW and CS groups, there were significant positive correlations between coronary flow and @entity1002 (p <.001). Microscopic examination revealed no differences between the three groups. Thus, hearts from an abattoir with 25 min of warm ischemic time can be resuscitated. For storage of these organs, continuous machine perfusion with UW solution is superior to cold storage on ice.

title: A non-heart-beating donor model to evaluate functional and morphologic outcomes in resuscitated XXXX hearts.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular developed pressure', 'LVDP']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Palliative resection of the primary @entity5 in asymptomatic @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 is associated with improved survival and fewer complications. Laparoscopic surgery is widely employed in the curative treatment of @entity14 , but its value in advanced @entity14 remains unclear. METHODS: All @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic resection of primary @entity14 in this unit between June 1991 and Jan 2010 were entered into a prospective computerized database. Outcomes for @entity1 with laparoscopic resection of stage IV @entity14 were compared with those of @entity1 who had laparoscopic surgery for stage I disease. RESULTS: Some 185 @entity1 with stage IV @entity14 who underwent laparoscopic resection were compared with 310 @entity1 who had stage I @entity14 . Some 94  1 and 98  4 per cent of operations respectively were completed laparoscopically. Hospital stay was slightly longer in the group with stage IV disease (mean 6  2 versus 5  3 days; P = 0  091). The 30-day mortality rate was 2  7 per cent in @entity1 with stage IV disease and 0  6 per cent in those with @entity5 (P = 0  061). There was no difference in complications. One-year survival rates were 77  8 and 99  0 per cent respectively (P < 0  001). CONCLUSION: Short-term outcomes after laparoscopic surgery for stage IV @entity14 in selected @entity1 are equivalent to those for @entity5 .

title: Laparoscopic resection of advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['stage I tumours', 'stage I cancers', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity302 is a common @entity16 , affecting almost 0.5 to 1 per cent of the population. Nearly 30 per cent of @entity1 with @entity302 are resistant to currently available drugs. @entity2810 is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs and its effects as an adjunct (add-on) to standard drugs is assessed in this review. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of add-on treatment with @entity2810 upon @entity410 , side effects, cognition and quality of life for @entity1 with drug-resistant localization related @entity410 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity302 Group trials register (28 March 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2001). In addition, we contacted Sanofi~Synthelabo (makers of @entity2810 ) and experts in the field to seek any unpublished or ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized placebo controlled add-on trials of @entity1 of any age with localization related @entity410 , in which an adequate method of concealment of randomization was used. The studies could be double, single or unblinded and be of parallel or crossover design. They had to have a minimum treatment period of eight weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion. Outcomes investigated included 50 per cent or greater reduction in @entity410 frequency; treatment withdrawal; side effects; effects on cognition and quality of life. The primary analyses were by intention-to-treat. Worst case and best case analyses were also calculated for @entity410 outcomes. Dose response was evaluated in regression models. MAIN RESULTS: Three parallel group and two crossover group trials were included. The overall relative risk (RR) for a 50 per cent or greater reduction in @entity410 frequency ( @entity2810 versus placebo) was 3.16(95% confidence interval 1.97 to 5.07). Due to differences in response rates among trials, regression models were unable to provide reliable estimates of responses to individual doses. The RR for treatment withdrawal was 1.81(95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.62). The 99% confidence interval for the following side effects: dizziness; @entity1295 ; nervousness and @entity400 did not include unity, indicating that they are significantly associated with @entity2810 . For cognitive and quality of life outcomes the limited data available suggested that there were no significant effects on cognition and mood and adjustment. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity2810 reduces @entity410 frequency but is associated with some side effects when used as an add-on for @entity1 with drug-resistant localization related @entity410 .

title: @entity2810 add-on for drug-resistant partial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological condition']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity2810 :: ('MESH:C059205', 'Chemical') :: ['Tiagabine', 'tiagabine']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: The availability of a reliable @entity712 model in large animals is important. We report upon our efforts to develop a chronic @entity712 model in seven @entity1237 using sequential ligation of the @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ) coronary artery and its diagonal branch. After anesthesia and left thoracotomy, the @entity1347 artery was ligated, and the diagonal vessel at the same level was ligated one hour later. Cardiac measurements were performed with a thermodilution catheter and by ultrasonography. Two months after the operation, the same measurements were made and animals were sacrificed for postmortem examinations of their hearts. Hemodynamic measurements, except cardiac output, showed no significant changes immediately after the coronary artery ligation. Echocardiographic measurements showed significant changes in the ejection fraction and fractional shortening without changes in left ventricular dimensions. Wall motion analyses demonstrated variable degrees of anteroseptal @entity910 and @entity910 in all animals immediately after coronary artery ligation. Five animals have undergone hemodynamic and ultrasonographic studies 2 months after coronary artery ligation. The results obtained from these animals showed significant increases in central venous pressure, right ventricular pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary artery capillary wedge pressure, and a significant decrease in cardiac output. Increases in left ventricular dimensions and decreases in ejection fraction with fractional shortening in ultrasonographic studies were also observed. Pathologically, well-demarcated thin-walled anteroseptal @entity1188 , with chamber enlargement, were clearly seen with dilatation of the @entity299 in all specimens. Based on this study, we conclude that @entity1237 , like @entity742 , can provide a reliable model of chronic @entity712 by coronary artery ligation and in view of the many advantages offered by @entity1237 , we believe that this animal model will be useful for cardiac experimentation.

title: A chronic XXXX model by coronary artery ligation in the @entity1237 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['LAD', 'left anterior descending']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia', 'akinesia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart chambers']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome after surgical repair of @entity1498 in adults, analysing its effect on arterial blood pressure. METHODS: Twenty-five adults (9 @entity1 , 16 @entity1 ), mean age 43.4 years (19 to 70 years), underwent @entity1498 surgical repair. All @entity1 suffered from preoperative @entity101 . Mean blood pressure was 182/97 mm Hg. Sixteen (64%) @entity1 demonstrated reduced load capacity. Operative technique was resection and end-to-end @entity254 for 5 @entity1 (20%), interposition of a Dacron-tube graft for 3 @entity1 (12%), Dacron-patch dilatation was performed in 7 (28%) @entity1 , and in 10 (40%) @entity1 we performed an extra-anatomical bypass graft. RESULTS: Early mortality occurred in 1 @entity1 (4%). The mean blood pressure was reduced [systolic 182 mm Hg vs. 139 mm Hg (p < 0.001), diastolic 97 mm Hg vs. 83 mm Hg (p < 0.001)] in all @entity1 . In 12 @entity1 , blood pressure normalized immediately after surgery, in 7 @entity1 it remained slightly elevated (systolic blood pressure between 140-160 mm Hg), and 1 @entity1 suffered from prolonged arterial @entity101 . Preoperatively, all @entity1 were treated with antihypertensive drugs. Eleven of 20 @entity1 received long-term medication during follow- up. In the remaining 4 @entity1 , medication lists were unobtainable in retrospect. The mean follow-up was 7.1 years (min. 1.0 years; max. 16.6 years). One @entity1 (5%) died from @entity712 12.4 years after the operation. On average, the New York Heart Association (NYHA) class was improved by 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical repair of @entity1498 in adults can be performed with low surgical risk. Surgery reduces @entity101 and permits more effective medical treatment.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity1498 in adults: Beneficial effect on arterial XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Cells within @entity1 skin are permanently exposed to mechanical stretching. Here we present evidence that alterations in cell shape trigger biochemical signaling via MAP kinases in @entity1 keratinocytes. In an in vitro attempt we demonstrate a fast but transient activation of @entity3962 in response to cell stretch. This activation is reversed by preincubation with functional blocking antibodies directed towards @entity2393 . As a second member of MAP kinases, stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN @entity2733 -terminal kinase was activated in a slower fashion, peaking at 1 h after the initial stimulus. The delay in signal transmission suggests that @entity3962 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN @entity2733 -terminal kinase do not share the same signaling pathway. @entity3963 was not activated by cell stretching. The contribution of cytoskeletal elements in signal perception and transduction was evaluated by selective disruption of either actin filaments, microtubules, or keratin filaments but showed no clear effect on stretch-induced activation of @entity3962 and stress-activated protein kinase/c-JUN @entity2733 -terminal kinase. In conclusion we found evidence of a cell-shape-dependent activation of MAP kinases in @entity1 keratinocytes disclosing @entity8652 -integrins as putative mechano-transducers. It is likely that alterations of skin mechanics in vivo underlying pathogenic processes like wound formation and healing trigger physiologic responses via the MAP kinase pathway.

title: Signaling of mechanical stretch in XXXX keratinocytes via MAP kinases.

entities_list: @entity3962 :: ('5594;5595', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: In the present study the results of the polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 use for the therapy of @entity1 with @entity565 ( @entity565 ) and @entity2144 were generalized. The vaccine was introduced by the nasal-subcutaneous or nasal-oral administration simultaneously with the basic therapy. Te studies were conducted first on limited groups of @entity1 , then in the course of the State Trial with the use of placebo control. Excellent and good effect lasting for 1 year and over was registered in 36 @entity1 (66.7%) out of 54 @entity565 @entity1 receiving the vaccine by the intranasal-subcutaneous method. Immunotherapy produced no positive effect in 13 @entity1 (24.1%). Out of 35 examined @entity1 receiving the vaccine by the intranasal oral method, excellent and good effect was registered in 26 @entity1 (74.2%). No effect was registered in 4 @entity1 (11.4%). In the group of 28 @entity1 receiving placebo simultaneously with the basic therapy positive dynamics in the course of the disease was observed only in 3 @entity1 . Treatment with polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 led to a prolonged (to a year and more) decrease in the frequency and severity of exacerbations, contributed to the prolongation of remissions and to a decrease in the amount of administered medicinal preparations, especially systemic corticosteroids. Immunotherapy ensured the correction of the content of lymphocyte subpopulations with markers CD3, @entity404 , @entity42428 and a rise in the titers of antibodies to antigens contained in the preparation. The use of therapeutic polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity2144 ensured the state of prolonged remission in this group of @entity1 . On the basis of our investigations we believe that the use of the therapeutic polycomponent vaccine B[symbol: see text]-4 may be included into the basis therapy of @entity56 .

title: [Multicomponent vaccine VP-4 in the therapy of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity565 :: ('MESH:D001249', 'Disease') :: ['BA', 'bronchial asthma']

entities_list: @entity2144 :: ('MESH:D020315', 'Disease') :: ['latex allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases']

answer: @entity56 :: (MESH:D004342,Disease) :: ['allergic diseases']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 with @entity5815 complain of physical and mental @entity1295 that is worsened by exertion. It was predicted that the cognitive and motor responses to vigorous exercise in @entity1 with @entity5815 would differ from those in @entity308 and healthy controls. METHODS: Ten @entity1 with @entity5815 , 10 with @entity308 , and 10 healthy controls completed cognitive and muscle strength testing before and after a treadmill exercise test. Measures of cardiovascular functioning and perceived effort, @entity1295 , and mood were taken during each stage of testing. RESULTS: Depressed @entity1 performed worst on cognitive tests at baseline. During the treadmill test, @entity1 with @entity5815 had higher ratings of perceived effort and @entity1295 than both control groups, whereas @entity1 with @entity308 reported lower mood. After exertion, @entity1 with @entity5815 showed a greater decrease than healthy controls on everyday tests of focused (p=0.02) and sustained (p=0.001) attention, as well as greater deterioration than @entity308 @entity1 on the focused attention task (p=0.03). No between group differences were found in cardiovascular or symptom measures taken during the cognitive testing. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity5815 show a specific sensitivity to the effects of exertion on effortful cognitive functioning. This occurs despite subjective and objective evidence of effort allocation in @entity5815 , suggesting that @entity1 have reduced working memory capacity, or a greater demand to monitor cognitive processes, or both. Further insight into the pathophysiology of the core complaints in @entity5815 is likely to be realised by studying the effects of exercise on other aspects of everyday functioning.

title: Effects of exercise on cognitive and motor function in @entity5815 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive illness', 'depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Biochemical and immunologic properties of the cytotoxin (leukotoxin) produced by @entity8857 were examined. Crude, bacteria-free supernatants from logarithmic phase @entity8857 were fractionated, using a series of column chromatographic techniques. Sequential anion exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography, and chromatofocusing resulted in a cytotoxic substance (cytotoxin-C) of approximately 160 kilodaltons (kD), as determined by use of gel-filtration chromatography. @entity2975 -gel electrophoresis of cytotoxin-C yielded 3 protein bands with relative mobilities of 0.37, 0.42, and 0.63. On the basis of immunoblotting with a cytotoxin-neutralizing @entity291 immunoglobulin for antigen detection, the 2 low-mobility bands shared a strong region of immunogenicity. Using @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis, principal protein constituents of cytotoxin-C were found at 160, 66, 57, and 23 kD. Using immunoblotting with cytotoxin-neutralizing immunoglobulin, strong, distinct reactions with the 66- and 57-kD bands were detected. Immunization of @entity95 and @entity19 with cytotoxin-C resulted in sera that reacted strongly with cytotoxin-C in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunodiffusion assays. The major immunogenic proteins also were detected by use of immunoblotting with anticytotoxin-C sera from @entity95 and @entity19 . Postinoculation @entity95 sera neutralized crude cytotoxin.

title: Chromatographic separation and characterization of XXXX cytotoxin.

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity8857 :: ('75985', 'Species') :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica', 'P haemolytica']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

answer: @entity8857 :: (75985,Species) :: ['Pasteurella haemolytica']


abstract: Childhood @entity1985 are most commonly caused by one of two idiopathic diseases: minimal-change @entity1985 (MCNS) and @entity628 ( @entity628 ). A third distinct type, @entity8 , is rare in @entity1 . Other causes of isolated @entity1985 can be subdivided into two major categories: rare @entity74 , and secondary diseases associated with drugs, infections, or @entity5 . The cause of @entity3441 remains unknown, but evidence suggests it may be a primary @entity784 that leads to glomerular podocyte dysfunction. Genetic studies in @entity1 with @entity1985 have identified mutations in genes that encode important podocyte proteins. @entity1 with @entity3441 are initially treated with @entity288 . @entity479 -responsiveness is of greater prognostic use than renal histology. Several second-line drugs, including alkylating agents, @entity205 , and @entity7305 , may be effective for complicated and @entity479 -unresponsive MCNS and @entity628 @entity1 . @entity1985 is associated with several medical complications, the most severe and potentially fatal being @entity2348 and @entity1031 . @entity3441 is a chronic relapsing disease for most @entity479 -responsive @entity1 , whereas most @entity1 with refractory @entity628 ultimately develop @entity454 . Research is being done to further elucidate the disorder's molecular pathogenesis, identify new prognostic indicators, and to develop better approaches to treatment.

title: XXXX in childhood.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3441 :: ('MESH:C535761', 'Disease') :: ['Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome', 'idiopathic nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasia']

entities_list: @entity628 :: ('MESH:D005923', 'Disease') :: ['focal segmental glomerulosclerosis', 'FSGS']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell disorder']

entities_list: @entity7305 :: ('MESH:D007978', 'Chemical') :: ['levamisole']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial infections']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['ciclosporin']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders']

entities_list: @entity479 :: ('D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid', 'Steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndromes', 'nephrotic syndrome', 'familial nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['Nephrotic syndrome']