abstract: A @entity1042 extract of the roots of Olax gambecola induced a biphasic contractile response consisting of a transitory initial rapid contraction (Phase I), followed by a slowly developing sustained increase in basal tone (Phase II) on @entity35 fundus, antrum, @entity840 taenia coli, @entity95 jejunum and aorta. The Phase I contraction was abolished by @entity3897 , attenuated significantly by @entity3352 and potentiated by @entity2607 while the Phase II response was unaffected. @entity4033 , @entity1286 , @entity750 ( @entity750 ) antagonists or desensitization of @entity750 receptors did not alter either the Phase I or the Phase II contractions. @entity460 channel blockers and procedures affecting @entity460 translocation abolished the Phase I contraction while only reducing the Phase II contractions. Transmural electrical stimulation produced contractions of the fundus which were attenuated by the extract. Single bolus injections of extract produced a rapid fall in blood pressure in both normotensive and spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 but intravenous infusion resulted in a sustained fall in blood pressure which was maintained throughout the infusion period. Chronic i.p. administration of extract to spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 reduced blood pressure markedly but did not alter the blood pressure of normotensive animals. The @entity551 response to single bolus injections was abolished by @entity3897 and potentiated by @entity2607 . The activity profile of the extract suggests the presence of at least two active principles in the crude extract of Olax gambecola used in this study.

title: Effects of Olax gambecola XXXX extract on smooth muscle and @entity35 blood pressure.

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['Hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1042 :: ('MESH:D000432', 'Chemical') :: ['methanol']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive']

entities_list: @entity2607 :: ('MESH:D010830', 'Chemical') :: ['physostigmine']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium', 'calcium']

answer: @entity1042 :: (MESH:D000432,Chemical) :: ['methanol']


abstract: Commonly used procedures for reconstructing hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects resulting from total laryngopharyngectomy (TL) are the gastric conduit or colon transposition as well as microvascularized free flaps. Herein we designed an alternative procedure utilizing bilateral platysma myocutaneous flaps (PMCFs) for the reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects. This report summarizes the technical description of this procedure. TL and cervical esophagectomy were performed and bilateral PMCFs were harvested for reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defects in 25 @entity1 aged between 46 and 73 years (mean 58.7    16.2 years). All these @entity1 had @entity5 with involvement of the cervical esophagus. Operative time ranged from 176 to 382 minutes (average 243    91 minutes) and the mean intraoperative @entity190 was 294    119mL. There were six cases of @entity834 (24.0%) and two of them (8.0%) developed anastomotic stricture. Neither flap @entity39 nor postoperative death was observed. The majority of our @entity1 (68.0%) were restored to a normal unrestricted oral diet after surgery. The 3-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were approximately 54.7% and 26.1%, respectively. We conclude that reconstruction of the cervical esophagus with bilateral PMCFs is a valuable method for treating advanced @entity189 .

title: Reconstruction of hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal defect after resection of XXXX : a new technique based on the use of bilateral platysma myocutaneous flaps.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced-stage (IV) cancer']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['hypopharyngeal carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic implantation of a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner (DJBL) is a novel bariatric technique to induce @entity353 and remission of @entity6 . Placement of the DJBL mimics the bypass component of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) procedure. In this observational study, we evaluated improvement of glycemic control and @entity353 in the course of the treatment (0-24 weeks after DJBL implantation) and analyzed accompanying gut hormone responses. @entity1 AND METHODS: 12 @entity28 individuals with @entity164 2 @entity6 were selected for DJBL implantation. Body weight, fat mass, and fasting plasma levels of @entity413 , insulin, C-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were analyzed at 0, 1, 4 and 24 weeks post-implant. Fasting ghrelin, gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide ( @entity6757 ) were determined at 0, 1 and 4 weeks post-implant. RESULTS: Besides significant @entity353 , fat mass, fasting insulin, and homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were also significantly decreased after DJBL implantation and a 42% reduction was found in @entity6 medication (P<0.05). The fasting @entity6757 response in the first 4 weeks post-implant was significantly correlated with the fasting insulin and HOMA-IR response. Fasting ghrelin was found to be significantly elevated, in contrast to the decrease in ghrelin that is found after RYGB surgery. CONCLUSIONS: DJBL implantation provoked significant @entity353 , a decrease in fat mass, and an early remission of @entity164 2 @entity6 , comparable to results seen after RYGB surgery. Gut hormone analyses revealed a potential role of fasting @entity6757 in early remission of @entity164 2 @entity6 . Interestingly, the DJBL-induced elevation of ghrelin contradicts the suggested role of reduced ghrelin levels after RYGB in improvement of glycemic control.

title: Duodenal-jejunal bypass liner implantation provokes rapid XXXX and improved glycemic control, accompanied by elevated fasting ghrelin levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'type 2 diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is common, affecting nearly 400 million @entity1 worldwide. Achieving good health for @entity1 with @entity6 requires active self-management; however, uptake of self-management education is poor, and there is an urgent need to find better, more acceptable, cost-effective methods of providing self-management support. Web-based self-management support has many potential benefits for @entity1 and health services. The aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a web-based self-management support programme for @entity1 with @entity6 . METHODS: This will be a multi-centre individually randomised controlled trial in primary care, recruiting adults with @entity6 who are registered with participating general practices in England. @entity1 will be randomised to receive either an evidence-based, theoretically informed, web-based self-management programme for @entity1 with @entity6 which addresses medical, emotional, and role management, called Healthy Living for @entity1 with type 2 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or a simple information website. The joint primary outcomes are glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and @entity6 , measured by the Problem Areas In @entity6 (PAID) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include @entity65 factors, @entity308 and @entity148 , and self-efficacy for self-management of @entity6 . Health economic data include health service use, costs due to the intervention, and EQ-5D for calculation of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYS). Data will be collected at baseline, 3  months and 12  months, with the primary endpoint at 12  months. Practice nurses, blinded to @entity1 allocation, collect clinical data; @entity1 complete online questionnaires for @entity1 reported measures. A sample size of 350 recruited @entity1 allows for @entity6661 of up to 15  % and will provide 90  % power of detecting at a 5  % significance level a true average difference in the PAID score of 4.0 and 0.25  % change in HbA1c (both small effect sizes). The analysis will follow a pre-specified analysis plan, based on comparing the groups as randomised (intention-to-treat). DISCUSSION: The findings of this trial are likely to be of interest to policy makers, clinicians, and commissioners, all of whom are actively seeking additional forms of self-management support for @entity1 with @entity6 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Trial Registration number is ISRCTN 02123133 ; date of registration 14.2.13.

title: XXXX : randomised controlled trial protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants', 'people', 'People']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['Diabetes', 'HeLP-Diabetes', 'diabetes', 'Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus', 'diabetes-related distress', 'T2DM']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular risk']

answer: @entity6 :: (MESH:D003920,Disease) :: ['HeLP-Diabetes']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics, response to treatment and outcome of Zollinger? @entity8579 (ZES)-like gastric acid hypersecretors. METHODS: Over a 20-year period, @entity1 with gastric acid hypersecretion in the absence of ZES were enrolled in an open label prospective trial evaluating the efficacy of @entity10042 . Following baseline evaluations, @entity1 were treated with escalating doses of @entity10042 based on the results of gastric acid analysis. Following stabilization, @entity1 were followed on a 6 monthly basis with interval history, physical examination, endoscopy with gastric biopsies, gastric acid analysis, and laboratory studies. RESULTS: The study group represented 21 @entity1 (median age 47 years, 86% male, 91% Caucasian). Historically, complicated @entity1066 was frequent and symptoms had been present for a median of 10 years before study entry. All @entity1 responded to @entity10042 (median dose 90 mg/day) with excellent control of gastric acid hypersecretion. Mucosal relapse was infrequent and no major complications developed while on therapy. CONCLUSIONS: ZES-like gastric acid hypersecretion presents similarly to the @entity1624 . @entity10042 titrated to gastric acid output is effective in healing @entity3137 and preventing relapse.

title: Presentation, response to XXXX therapy, and outcome of @entity8579 -like gastric acid hypersecretors.

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer disease']

entities_list: @entity8579 :: ('MESH:D015043', 'Disease') :: ['Ellison syndrome']

entities_list: @entity10042 :: ('MESH:C058687', 'Chemical') :: ['lansoprazole', 'Lansoprazole']

entities_list: @entity1624 :: ('MESH:D005693', 'Disease') :: ['classic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal disease']

answer: @entity10042 :: (MESH:C058687,Chemical) :: ['lansoprazole']


abstract: @entity205 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity1988 in @entity1 with @entity134 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity137 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity1 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity870 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity1 with @entity1988 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity1 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity1988 and heavy @entity644 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity617 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity786 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity644 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity617 plus @entity786 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity617 plus @entity786 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity1 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity644 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity134 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity1988 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity205 a neoral in the treatment of paediatric @entity1988 with heavy XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity644 :: (MESH:D011507,Disease) :: ['proteinuria']


abstract: Considerable information has recently emerged regarding certain "groups" of novel viruses associated with @entity1902 in @entity1 . The viruses reviewed here are 20-35 nm in diameter and can be detected in the stools of acutely ill individuals with @entity1902 . These viruses can be conveniently divided into four "groups": Norwalk-like agents, caliciviruses, astroviruses, and other small round viruses. The evidence for the etiologic association of these agents with @entity1902 varies from agent to agent but is most extensive for the Norwalk-like agents, of which the Norwalk serotype is a major cause of @entity1902 . @entity1 caliciviruses appear to be relatively common causes of @entity1902 in @entity1 , particularly in Japan and the United Kingdom. Astroviruses have been reported as occasional causes of @entity1902 in @entity1 and adults in various parts of the world. The epidemiological significance of the other small round viruses is unknown. Because of the difficulty of cultivating these agents in vitro, biochemical and antigenic characterization of these agents is incomplete. An understanding of the pathogenesis of disease and of the roles of immune responses to infection is similarly at a primitive stage. The recent development of sensitive and efficient assays for detection of several of these agents and the reports that certain strains of @entity1 caliciviruses and astroviruses can be cultivated in vitro should facilitate characterization and epidemiological studies of these agents. Systematic, prospective epidemiological studies of these agents in well-defined populations of various age groups are sorely needed for definition of the relative importance of each agent in @entity1 disease. Such information is essential for the consideration of appropriate control measures.

title: Novel agents of viral enteritis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis', 'epidemic gastroenteritis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity19967 are quite unusual lesions that represent less than 3% of all @entity44 and its malignant transformation is very uncommon. The clinical manifestations are characteristic of @entity530 and the hormonal metabolism is not usually modified. Radiography, employing ultrasound procedures, is the most commonly used pre-surgical detection method but only histological examination makes the diagnosis. The malignance recognition by pathological study not always is easy; in this sense, it requires an exhaustive sampling of the lesion, being specially carefully in some aspects related with malignant transformation such as extending beyond the capsula and involving peripheral tissues. A thyroidal differentiation must be confirmed by immunohistochemical study and other local processes with similar histology should be ruled out. Given the exceptional character of malignant forms, there does not appear to be unanimous agreement on a standard therapy with a somewhat uncertain prognosis. CASE REPORT: We show a case of a 22-year-old @entity1 with an @entity43 that was discovered by ultrasound examination and surgically removed. The histologic study revealed @entity19967 with @entity189 and unlike previously published cases, had a prevalence of clear cells. The @entity1 was submitted to a second surgical staging intervention, with conservative surgery and follow-up controls being considered given that was a young @entity1 with a desire to have @entity1 . Laparoscopy was employed as the best method capable to facilitate shorter convalescence. OUTCOME: Clinical and analytical controls, measuring @entity3745 levels, has been satisfactory up to the present.

title: XXXX mimic clear cell carcinoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity19967 :: ('MESH:D013330', 'Disease') :: ['Struma ovarii', 'struma ovarii']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumor']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['malignant transformation towards follicular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic tumor']

entities_list: @entity44 :: ('MESH:D013724', 'Disease') :: ['teratomas']

answer: @entity19967 :: (MESH:D013330,Disease) :: ['Malignant struma ovarii']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The majority of @entity1 who have a first @entity308 are treated by Primary Care physicians. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of antidepressants and referrals to mental health and the treatment modifications made by psychiatrists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study was conducted on @entity1 from 64 Primary Care clinics, distributed in five Spanish provinces. The clinical history data, regarding use of antidepressants, criteria for referral, and response of @entity146 services were evaluated from June 2008 to June 2011. RESULTS: The study included 324 @entity1 . The most commonly prescribed medication was @entity837 , with selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) making up 73.5% of the total. More than two-thirds (69.7%) of the @entity1 were on treatment for at least 6 months, with no reason recorded for the 40.4% drop-outs. A large majority of professionals (76.9%) wait at least 3 weeks before modifying the medication, especially changing antidepressant. The Primary Care physicians referred 39.2% of @entity1 to psychiatry, although much of these referrals (43.9%) had no justification. There was a lower referral rate to psychology (23.1%). An antidepressant was given to a large number of @entity1 on multiple medications, without taking into account the risk of interactions in a high percentage. CONCLUSIONS: The Primary Care physician appropriately uses the antidepressants of the first choice, but does not pay attention to the risks in complex @entity1 . There must be an appropriate duration of treatment and an improvement of the criteria for referral to mental health services.

title: [Management of a first XXXX in the primary care setting. Use of antidepressants and referrals].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive episode']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity837 :: ('MESH:D015283', 'Chemical') :: ['escitalopram']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressive episode']


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent @entity311 parasite, @entity501 , have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on @entity1324 -fixed infected @entity19 erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with @entity14939 ( @entity14939 ) @entity5209 demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after @entity281 erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either @entity1324 -fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen.

title: An antigen of XXXX that translocates into the @entity19 erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of schizont-infected']

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']

entities_list: @entity14939 :: ('MESH:C007293', 'Chemical') :: ["4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole", 'DAPI']

entities_list: @entity5209 :: ('CHEBI:36807', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrochloride']

answer: @entity501 :: (5861,Species) :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study. OBJECTIVE: Estimate prevalence of inadequate dietary intakes in community-dwelling @entity1 and @entity1 with chronic @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). SETTING: Ontario, Canada. METHODS: In-home interviewer administered multiple-pass 24-h recalls were collected at baseline (n=77) and at 6 months (n=68). Dietary intake (adjusted to remove intra-individual variation) was compared with the dietary reference intakes (DRIs), specifically the estimated average requirement, adequate intake (AI) and acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR). RESULTS: Macronutrient intakes, as percentages of daily energy, for @entity1 (16% protein, 52% @entity1735 , 30% fat) and @entity1 (17% protein, 53% @entity1735 , 28% fat) were within the AMDR. Despite this, inadequate intakes for @entity1 (n=63) and @entity1 (n=14) were determined for @entity904 (92 and 57%), @entity1760 (89 and 71%), @entity1501 (75 and 79%), @entity219 (71 and 29%), @entity620 (52 and 14%), @entity9138 (22 and 14%), @entity2186 (6 and 29%), @entity8728 (5% @entity1 ) and @entity2245 (24% @entity1 ). Mean usual intakes of fiber, @entity560 , @entity460 and @entity972 fell below the AI for @entity1 and @entity1 . In all, 53% of @entity1 consumed a micronutrient supplement in the previous 24 h at baseline and at 6 months-specifically, @entity460 (29, 19%), multivitamin (26, 25%), @entity560 (22, 12%) and @entity620 (9, 6%). CONCLUSION: Our results show numerous nutrient inadequacies, relative to the DRIs, for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity1566 . This study has important implications for clinical dietetic practice in the @entity1566 population.

title: Evidence of dietary inadequacy in adults with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity9138 :: ('MESH:D013831', 'Chemical') :: ['thiamine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

entities_list: @entity8728 :: ('MESH:D012256', 'Chemical') :: ['riboflavin']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['spinal cord injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Progressive @entity717 of the spine is rare and surgical treatment is challenging. Few reports have described surgical decompression, fusion, and partial correction by traditional 2-stage anterior decompression and the posterior fixation technique. The goal of this retrospective study was to report a series of 6 @entity1 with this deformity and the outcome after treatment by posterior-only 2-level vertebral column resection (PVCR). METHODS: Between 2011 and 2014, 6 @entity1 were treated for @entity85 with @entity717 . In these 6 @entity1 (2 males and 4 females), the diagnosis included 4 cases of @entity1513 and 2  cases of @entity4786 ; the distribution of spine level was from T4 to T11; the @entity1513 angle of the @entity1 was 115    (range, 107-125  ); the @entity1635 angle was 97   (range, 80  -117  ); follow-up ranged from 13 to 51 months (mean, 27 months). Four @entity1 developed progressive onset of @entity51 . All @entity1 underwent surgery by 2-level PVCR for decompression and correction of @entity3792 . RESULTS: Postoperatively, the @entity1 all had different @entity1513 correction rates, from 49% to 72% (mean, 63%) and @entity1635 correction rates, from 57% to 78% (mean, 65%). All @entity1 achieved successful spinal fusion with less than 3   of loss of correction at the latest follow-up evaluation. The 4 @entity1 with @entity51 improved 1 or 2 American @entity3510 Association scales at follow-up of at least 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Two-level PVCR is a safe and efficacious surgical option for the treatment of @entity717 in @entity3792 and associated @entity51 .

title: Posterior 2-Level Vertebral Column Resection for the Treatment of Progressive Rotational Dislocation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['Spinal Injury']

entities_list: @entity1513 :: ('MESH:D007738', 'Disease') :: ['congenital kyphosis', 'kyphosis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic deficit', 'incomplete neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity3792 :: ('MESH:C565711', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliosis']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['progressive rotational dislocation', 'rotational dislocation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['kyphoscoliotic deformities']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['Kyphoscoliotic Deformities']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a tropical wild plant rich in organic acids, @entity6398 , @entity4211 , polysaccharides, and volatile constituents that are beneficial for the cardiovascular system. Hibiscus sabdariffa beverages are commonly consumed to treat arterial @entity101 , yet the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has not been fully conclusive. Therefore, we aimed to assess the potential antihypertensive effects of H. sabdariffa through systematic review of literature and meta-analysis of available RCTs. METHODS: The search included PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EMBASE (up to July 2014) to identify RCTs investigating the efficacy of H. sabdariffa supplementation on @entity13519 and @entity13520 values. Two independent reviewers extracted data on the study characteristics, methods, and outcomes. Quantitative data synthesis and meta-regression were performed using a fixed-effect model, and sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method. Five RCTs (comprising seven treatment arms) were selected for the meta-analysis. In total, 390 @entity1 were randomized, of whom 225 were allocated to the H. sabdariffa supplementation group and 165 to the control group in the selected studies. RESULTS: Fixed-effect meta-regression indicated a significant effect of H. sabdariffa supplementation in lowering both @entity13519 (weighed mean difference -7.58mmHg, 95% confidence interval -9.69 to -5.46, P<0.00001) and @entity13520 (weighed mean difference -3.53mmHg, 95% confidence interval -5.16 to -1.89, P<0.0001). These effects were inversely associated with baseline BP values, and were robust in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis of RCTs showed a significant effect of H. sabdariffa in lowering both @entity13519 and @entity13520 . Further well designed trials are necessary to validate these results.

title: Effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on arterial XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6398 :: ('MESH:D059808', 'Chemical') :: ['polyphenols']

entities_list: @entity4211 :: ('MESH:D000872', 'Chemical') :: ['anthocyanins']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The overarching goals of treatments for orthopedic conditions are generally to improve or restore function and alleviate @entity158 . Results of clinical trials are generally used to determine whether a treatment is efficacious; however, a statistically significant improvement may not actually be @entity922 , i.e., meaningful to the @entity1 . To determine whether an intervention has produced @entity922 benefits requires a two-step process: first, determining the magnitude of change considered @entity922 for a particular measure in the relevant population and, second, applying this yardstick to a @entity1 's data to determine whether s/he has benefited from treatment. Several metrics have been devised to quantify @entity922 differences, including the @entity922 ( @entity922 ) and @entity922 ( @entity922 ). Herein, we review the methods to generate the @entity922 and other metrics and their use and interpretation in clinical trials and practice. We particularly highlight the many pitfalls associated with the generation and utilization of these metrics that can impair their correct use. These pitfalls include the fact that different @entity158 measures yield different MCIDs, that efficacy in clinical trials is impacted by various factors (population characteristics, trial design), that the @entity922 value is impacted by the method used to calculate it (anchor, distribution), by the type of anchor chosen and by the definition (threshold) of improvement. The @entity922 is also dependent on the population characteristics such as disease type and severity, sex, age, etc. For appropriate use, the @entity922 should be applied to changes in individual subjects, not to group changes. The @entity922 and @entity922 are useful tools to define general guidelines to determine whether a treatment produces clinically meaningful effects. However, the many pitfalls associated with these metrics require a detailed understanding of the methods to calculate them and their context of use. Orthopedic surgeons that will use these metrics need to carefully understand them and be aware of their pitfalls.

title: Determining the clinical importance of treatment benefits for interventions for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['clinically important difference', 'clinically important', 'minimum clinically important difference', 'CID', 'MCID']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['painful orthopedic conditions']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the biology of @entity11 and @entity3976 and to present an algorithm for preoperative evaluation and surgical management. DESIGN: Retrospective review and analysis. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center: 1970 to 2002. @entity1 : Sixteen @entity1 with @entity11 (n = 10) and @entity3976 (n = 6). OUTCOME: Age at the time of presentation, sex, signs and symptoms, imaging findings, surgical approach, pathology, complications, rate of recurrence, and follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 presented with @entity11 with a mean age of 9 months. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. No complication was encountered with a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. Six @entity1 presented with encephaloceles with a mean age of 15.5 months. All @entity1 underwent surgical excision. Complications included @entity5173 (n = 1) and @entity9467 (n = 1). Follow-up was 1 to 14 years (mean, 4 years). CONCLUSION: @entity11 and @entity3976 are rare, benign, @entity66 with a potential for intracranial extension. Evaluation should include a complete rhinologic and neurologic examination. Preoperative imaging with a thin-cut axial and coronal computed tomography scan and/or multiplanar magnetic resonance imaging is essential. Surgical intervention should be performed soon after diagnosis to alleviate the increased risk of @entity693 . A frontal craniotomy approach is recommended if intracranial extension is identified based on preoperative evaluation, followed by an extracranial resection. If there is no evidence of intracranial extension, a conservative extracranial approach is recommended.

title: @entity11 and XXXX : diagnosis and management.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity3976 :: ('MESH:D004677', 'Disease') :: ['encephalocele']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['congenital lesions']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['Nasal glioma', 'nasal glioma', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity5173 :: ('MESH:D065634', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrospinal fluid leak']

answer: @entity3976 :: (MESH:D004677,Disease) :: ['encephalocele']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of monitoring therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES- @entity72066 gene on a @entity95 VX2 @entity96 model by using phosphorous-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P @entity7748 ). METHODS: A total of 18 healthy New Zealand White @entity95 were used to generate animal models by implanting VX2 @entity5 chips into livers through laparotomy. Tumor-bearing animals were randomly divided into three groups and were injected with AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 , AdCMV-Empty and saline respectively via ear veins. 31P @entity7748 scan was performed after animals were fed with @entity908 solution for five days. Animals were euthanized thereafter and @entity5 were removed for pathological examination, immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and protein analysis (Western blot). RESULTS: The intrahepatic and seral expressions of @entity908 kinase ( @entity72066 ) and IL-12 were detected only in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group. Tumor diameters pre- and post- treatment in three groups were 1.63+/-0.04 vs 1.62+/-0.03 in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group (P = 0.229), 1.59+/-0.05 vs 1.84+/-0.11 in AdCMV-Empty group (P = 0.003) and 1.60+/-0.02 vs 2.07+/-0.12 in saline group (P = 0.001), respectively. Pcr Changes between pre- and post- treatment among the three groups were compared (F = 6.235, P value is less than 0.05). PCr increased significantly in AdCMVIL12-IRES- @entity72066 group as compared to AdCMV-Empty (P = 0.004) and saline group (P = 0.049), whereas no change found between AdCMV-Empty and saline group (P = 0.153). CONCLUSION: 31P @entity7748 , an effective and non-invasive functional imaging method, can be used to monitor the therapeutic effect of adenovirus vector containing IL12-IRES- @entity72066 gene on @entity95 VX2 @entity96 model through detecting metabolic product of imaging reporter gene @entity72066 (pCr).

title: [Experimental study on monitoring gene expression by noninvasive method in XXXX VX2 @entity96 model].

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['creatine']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIM: To investigate the utility of @entity146 ( @entity146 ) using @entity2518 ( @entity2518 ) to detect @entity14 . METHODS: This prospective single-center study investigated inter-subject variability in @entity1 with early-stage @entity14 indicated for endoscopic resection. Subjects were @entity1 with @entity14 who had undergone endoscopic resection between November 2012 and November 2013. Selection criteria included age 20-80 years, either sex, and provision of informed consent. @entity1 were orally administered 20 mg/kg of @entity2518 enteric-coated capsules (SBI ALApromo Co., Tokyo, Japan). Administration of @entity2518 was followed by endoscopic resection of @entity14 , and the resected specimens were examined using a video autofluorescence processor and a fluorescence endoscope (SAFE-3000 and EB-1970AK, respectively; Pentax, Tokyo, Japan). The primary endpoint was the presence of fluorescence in @entity5 . Endoscopic, macroscopic, and histopathologic findings of @entity5 were assessed. We also evaluated adverse events of the present procedure as a secondary endpoint and examined each @entity1 for the presence of known adverse effects of @entity2518 , namely, hematocytopenia, @entity409 , @entity551 , @entity390 , and photosensitivity. RESULTS: We enrolled 10 @entity1 (7 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 ) (n = 13 lesions: 10 gastric/3 @entity14 ). Fluorescence was detected in 7/13 (53.8%) lesions. No significant differences in sex (male: 55.6% vs female: 50.5%, P = 1.00), age (67.1    1.9 years vs 65.0    2.0 years, P = 0.45), @entity5 color (reddish: 60.0% vs discolored: 33.3%, P = 0.56), @entity5 diameter (15.0    2.1 mm vs 14.2    2.3 mm, P = 0.80), macroscopic type (protruded: 70.0% vs depressed 0%, P = 0.07), histologic type (differentiated type: 58.3% vs 0%, P = 0.46), invasion depth (mucosal layer: 55.6% vs submucosal layer: 33.3%, P = 1.00), lymphatic invasion (present: 33.3% vs absent: 50.0%, P = 1.00), @entity3 (present: 0% vs absent: 54.5%, P = 1.00) or procedure time of endoscopic resection (36.3    8.3 min vs 36.7    9.0 min, P = 0.98) were observed between the @entity1 with and without fluorescence. Fluorescence detection rate tended to be high for @entity75 . @entity409 developed in 4/10 (40.0%) @entity1 . The extent of the @entity409 was a slight increase in transaminases and total @entity648 levels, which spontaneously improved in the @entity1 . None of the @entity1 developed photosensitivity. CONCLUSION: Results of this preliminary study suggest the utility of @entity146 using @entity2518 for screening of @entity14 .

title: Preliminary study of @entity146 using XXXX in gastric and @entity14 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'patient', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['PDD', 'photodynamic diagnosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['elevated lesions']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver dysfunction', 'liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2518 :: ('CHEBI:17549', 'Chemical') :: ['5-ALA', '5-aminolevulinic acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['gastric or colorectal tumors', 'colorectal tumors', 'gastric and colorectal cancers', 'gastric/colorectal tumors', 'gastric/colorectal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['venous invasion']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

answer: @entity2518 :: (CHEBI:17549,Chemical) :: ['5-aminolevulinic acid']


abstract: Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells are generated in vitro by the incubation of normal @entity19 splenocytes in @entity2047 . We have shown previously that the systemic injection of LAK cells in conjunction with recombinant @entity2047 can reduce the number of established pulmonary @entity3 in @entity19 . In an attempt to study this approach in the treatment of hepatic @entity3 , we developed a technique for the induction of hepatic @entity3 in @entity19 based on the intrasplenic injection of @entity5 cells and have tested the effects of LAK cells and recombinant @entity2047 produced in @entity526 ( @entity27262 ) therapy on these @entity3 . Treatment with LAK cells alone in 14 consecutive experiments rarely produced significant reduction in @entity3 over control (mean percentage reduction, 12%). Therapy with @entity27262 alone produced a dose-dependent @entity409 . In 20 consecutive experiments when @entity27262 was administered i.p. three times a day at doses varying from 1,000 to 5,000, 10,000 to 15,000, and 25,000 units, a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reduction in liver @entity3 was seen in 2 of 12, 2 of 4, and 8 of 12 determinations, respectively (percentage reduction, 0 to 97; mean, 42%). At doses greater than 25,000 units, the reduction in @entity3 was highly reproducible (percentage reduction, 66 to 95; mean, 83%) and was statistically significant in 14 of 14 determinations. When LAK cells were given i.v. in addition to @entity27262 administration in 16 consecutive experiments, the percentage reduction in liver @entity3 was markedly increased over that seen with @entity27262 alone (mean percentage reduction, 77% at doses of 5,000 to 25,000 units of @entity27262 and mean reduction, 97% for doses greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 ). At doses of 5,000, 10,000, 25,000, and greater than 25,000 units of @entity27262 plus LAK cells, significant reduction of liver @entity3 (P less than 0.05) was achieved in 3 of 7, 2 of 2, 8 of 8, and 6 of 6 determinations, respectively. When animals were given fresh splenocytes or splenocytes cultured in complete medium without @entity27262 instead of LAK cells, no reduction in liver @entity3 was seen except for that attributable to the administration of @entity27262 alone. Sublethal total body irradiation of the @entity19 prior to therapy abrogated the therapeutic effects of @entity27262 , but the effects of treatment with LAK cells plus @entity27262 were maintained. Thus, treatment with @entity27262 alone or in combination with LAK cells is effective in reducing the number of established hepatic micrometastases in a @entity19 model.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Successful immunotherapy of @entity19 experimental hepatic XXXX with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant @entity2047 .

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in the number of liver metastases']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity5881 ( @entity5881 ) and @entity1561 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity32 , @entity82 , @entity82 , and @entity157 in a substantial subgroup of @entity1 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity5881 , chronic @entity1068 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity1990 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity5003 ) and @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity409 , @entity39 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity82 / @entity82 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity5003 by @entity5003 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity99 in @entity19 models of @entity5881 . As @entity5003 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity99 such as @entity221 , @entity4795 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity5003 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity5003 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity19 models of @entity1561 . @entity5003 -type cytokines can regulate @entity1560 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity209 . CONCLUSION: @entity5003 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity5881 and @entity1561 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in @entity5881 and XXXX / @entity1561 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis', 'cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5881 :: ('MESH:D008108', 'Disease') :: ['ALD', 'alcoholic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['acute alcoholic hepatitis', 'liver injury']

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic steatosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocyte dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic dysregulation']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity4795 :: ('MESH:C563010', 'Disease') :: ['neutrophilia']

answer: @entity1561 :: (MESH:D065626,Disease) :: ['nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']


abstract: We made simultaneous measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics, cardiac output, and @entity4266 ( @entity4266 ) to assess the right ventricular function in 14 @entity1 with @entity120 as a result of @entity1030 ( @entity1030 ). From these measurements, the right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume relationship could be calculated and used to assess right ventricular contractility. Eight of the @entity1 were clinically stable, without @entity4 , and 6 presented acutely with gross @entity4 , indicating decompensated @entity3618 . Measurements were made at rest, while breathing air and @entity26 . Although mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) was similar in those with (Ppa = 33 +/- 6 mm Hg) and without @entity4 (Ppa = 30 +/- 8 mm Hg, p greater than 0.05), @entity4266 was lower in @entity4 ( @entity4266 = 0.23 +/- 0.11) compared with non- @entity4 @entity1 ( @entity4266 = 0.47 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.01). Cardiac output was normal in both groups. The mean right ventricular end-systolic pressure/volume ratio (P/V) was lower in those @entity1 with @entity4 (P/V = 0.41 +/- 0.27), as compared with those without @entity4 (P/V = 1.69 +/- 0.35, p less than 0.05), as a result of an increase in right ventricular end-systolic volume index. Similarly, left ventricular end-systolic volumes were higher in @entity4 than in non- @entity4 @entity1 . Breathing 1 to 3 L/min of @entity26 for 30 min decreased total pulmonary vascular resistance (p less than 0.05) in those @entity1 without @entity4 , but not in @entity1 with @entity4 . @entity26 did not change @entity4266 , left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), or the ventricular end-systolic P/V relationships.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of controlled @entity26 therapy on ventricular function in XXXX with stable and decompensated @entity3618 .

entities_list: @entity3618 :: ('MESH:D011660', 'Disease') :: ['cor pulmonale']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['edematous', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen', 'Oxygen']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary arterial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['chronic obstructive pulmonary disease', 'COPD']

entities_list: @entity4266 :: ('MESH:D018497', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular ejection fraction', 'RVEF']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1109 ( @entity1109 ), such as @entity10 and @entity490 , are common reasons for @entity1 to consult primary care. @entity1109 represent a significant burden not only on society, but also on health care services, through frequent physician consultations and referrals to secondary care. Research evidence suggests a positive relationship between health and consulting behavior of parents and their @entity1 , but research on whether repeated physician consultations for @entity1109 in @entity1 is influenced by parental consultations for @entity1109 is lacking. The aim was to measure the frequency of repeated physician consultations for @entity1109 in @entity1 , and investigate whether this is influenced by maternal consultations for @entity1109 . METHODS: A cohort study of @entity1 registered with primary care practices contributing to the Consultation in Primary Care Archive database. @entity1 were @entity1 -mother pairs registered between January 2007 and December 2010. The cohort comprised all @entity1 (n   =   1437) aged 2 to 16 years who consulted a physician for @entity1109 in 2009. Mothers' consultations for @entity1109 were measured between 2007 and 2008. Main outcome measures were repetition and frequency of consultations for @entity1109 in @entity1 (consultations for @entity1109 in both 2009 and 2010). RESULTS: Overall, 27% of @entity1 had repeated consultations for @entity1109 . The three most common repeated consultations were for back @entity158 , @entity1142 and @entity490 . Exposure to maternal consultation for @entity1109 was associated with 21% increase in consultation frequency for @entity1109 (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1.21; 95% CI 1.12, 1.31). After adjusting for @entity1 age and maternal age, maternal consultation for @entity1109 was associated with an increased risk of repeated consultations for @entity1109 in @entity1 (relative risk 1.41; 95% CI 1.16, 1.73). This association was also significant for specific @entity1109 groups including @entity16 . CONCLUSIONS: Repeated consultation for @entity1109 is common among @entity1 . It is important for primary care physicians and secondary care clinicians, managing @entity1 referred from primary care for @entity1109 , to be aware that consultation for @entity1109 in mothers is a risk factor for repeated consultations for @entity1109 among @entity1 . More research is needed to uncover exactly how parental health influences health and consulting behavior of @entity1 .

title: Repeated primary care consultations for non-specific physical symptoms in XXXX in UK: a cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Participants', 'child']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['painful, gastrointestinal, and neurologic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['Non-specific physical symptoms', 'NSPS']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The various clinical manifestations of @entity32 reported are more or less similar regardless of the underlying aetiological factors. Unusual presentation and unknown aetiology pose a diagnostic challenge for a periodontist. METHODS: A 34-year-old Indian @entity1 presented with the complaint of gum swelling that was sessile, lobulated, soft in consistency and bluish red in colour with ulcerated surface in some region, which was covered by the @entity39 slough. This type of enlargement was unusual and some underlying systemic pathology was suspected. But a written consultation from her physician confirmed her systemic health, which was based on clinical, radiological and haematological investigations. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of @entity32 . @entity1 was treated with oral hygiene instructions, scaling and root planning. RESULT: Within a month of conventional periodontal therapy, gum enlargement reduced markedly and @entity1 was put on oral hygiene maintenance programme. CONCLUSION: Periodontal therapy is diagnosis-driven and, to the extent possible, should address all the possible factors that impact development and progression of diseases that may affect periodontal tissue. In plaque-induced @entity2520 , non-surgical periodontal therapy is still a gold standard among all the therapies available.

title: An uncommon presentation of an XXXX --responding to non-surgical periodontal therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory gingival enlargement']

entities_list: @entity2520 :: ('MESH:D010510', 'Disease') :: ['periodontal diseases']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammatory gingival enlargement']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 15 % to 25  % of @entity1 , the @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) are known to be involved especially with @entity5 lying below the peritoneal reflection. While @entity348 ( @entity348 ) ensures removal of locoregional lymph nodes, it does not address the @entity1600 . @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) is being performed in selected scenarios for persistent @entity1600 after administration of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACTRT). Through our study, we share our initial experience with @entity1600 in @entity1 with persistent pelvic nodes after NACTRT in advanced @entity5 . METHODS: From October 2013 to November 2014, eight @entity1 underwent @entity348 with @entity1600 after NACTRT. @entity1600 was performed when pelvic node @entity3 was suspected on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and persisted following preoperative NACTRT. Clinicopathological and perioperative details were recorded for these eight @entity1 . RESULTS: Out of the 144 @entity1 operated with curative intent for rectal @entity16365 , eight (5  %) @entity1 had persistent lateral pelvic nodes following NACTRT. These @entity1 underwent a @entity348 with @entity1600 . The median operative time was 240  min, and the median @entity190 was 800  mL. Two out of eight @entity1 showed @entity66 in the lateral pelvic nodes (i.e. 25  %). Of these two @entity1 , one also had @entity66 in the mesorectal nodes, post NACTRT. The median length of hospital stay was 6  days. No genitourinary complications were reported. The median follow up for these eight @entity1 was 13  months (6-16  months). The 1  year disease free survival was 100  % with all @entity1 surviving till date. CONCLUSION: @entity1600 can be performed with acceptable perioperative outcomes in carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Preliminary experience with lateral pelvic lymph node dissection in locally advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['rectal tumors', 'rectal cancers']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1600 :: ('MESH:D014388', 'Disease') :: ['LPND', 'Lateral pelvic lymph node dissection', 'LPN', 'lateral pelvic lymph nodes']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TME', 'total mesorectal excision']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['rectal cancer']


abstract: In order to determine the value of CT in detecting @entity409 , 57 autopsied cases (48 cases of @entity1893 and 9 of @entity978 ) were analyzed in detail. Additionally, 90 recent cases of abdominal CT with liver study in the initial staging were reviewed and 6 cases in which the liver had been examined within 2 weeks before autopsy were compared for macroscopic and pathologic findings. The following results were obtained. Autopsy findings in 57 cases of @entity706 . (1) Hepatic involvement was demonstrated in 56% of the @entity1 with @entity1893 and in 67% of those with @entity978 . Of these @entity1 with hepatic involvement, intrahepatic nodular lesions over 1.0 cm in diameter were macroscopically identified in 22% of the cases of @entity1893 and 33% of those with @entity978 . @entity1669 were seen in many organs in the cases of hepatic involvement. CT examinations of 90 cases for the initial staging showed no significant @entity409 or spleen. Of the 6 cases in which the liver was examined by CT within about 2 weeks before autopsy, @entity1669 was pathologically diagnosed in 5. Of these, only one having multiple nodules larger than the tip of a thumb was correctly diagnosed by CT. Hepatic involvement of @entity706 was thought to be the end stage, and minimal or early disease was detected in the region of Glisson's capsule. The above findings indicate that early hepatic involvement is not likely to be detected by CT at the present time.

title: [CT and pathologic studies on detecting hepatic involvement of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma', 'malignant lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphomatous involvements', 'lymphomatous involvement']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomatous involvement of the liver', 'abnormality in the liver']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ["Hodgkin's disease"]

answer: @entity706 :: (MESH:D008223,Disease) :: ['malignant lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to determine the role of curative resection in metastatic @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and determine the subset of @entity1 who may benefit from concurrent curative resection of primary and metastatic lesions. A total of 103 @entity1 diagnosed with synchronous liver and/or lung metastatic @entity14 at the Osaka Medical Center for @entity5 and @entity65 between 1983 and 2010 were retrospectively investigated. All the @entity1 underwent curative resection of the primary and metastatic lesions. The median follow-up time was 5.69 years. A total of 83 and 13 @entity1 had only liver or lung metastasis, respectively, whereas 7 @entity1 had synchronous liver and lung metastases. A total of 25 @entity1 (24.2%) had no recurrence following curative resection and 14 @entity1 (13.5%) received more than one re-resection for disease recurrence and survived without any further recurrence thereafter. The 5-year survival of liver or lung metastatic @entity14 was 43.7 or 90.0%, respectively. However, the median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with synchronous liver and lung metastases was 20.7 months. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, @entity5 invasion, synchronous liver and lung metastases and time-to-recurrence after the first curative resection were significantly associated with @entity1349 and disease-free survival. In conclusion, curative resection confers longer-term survival in @entity1 with liver or lung metastatic @entity14 .

title: Clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of stage IV XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular Diseases']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity39 ( @entity39 ) is not a @entity5 in itself, the lesion progressively enlarges with mass effects and diffuse @entity4 in a way that resembles @entity5 . To identify the @entity39 that mimics progression of brain @entity3 , we performed surgical resections of symptomatic @entity66 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From June 2003 to December 2005, 7 @entity1 received stereotactic-guided radiotherapy (SRT) for metastatic @entity1313 , and they later underwent craniotomy and @entity5 resection due to the progressive mass effects and the @entity4 that caused focal @entity51 . On MR imaging, a ring-like enhanced single lesion with massive @entity4 could not be distinguished from progression of brain @entity3 . RESULTS: Four @entity1 had @entity1149 , 2 @entity1 had @entity14 and 1 @entity1 had @entity1358 . The mean @entity5 volume was 8.7 ml (range: 3.0 approximately 20.7 ml). The prescribed dose of SRT was 30 Gy with 4 fractions for one @entity1 , 18 Gy for two @entity1 and 20 Gy for the other four @entity1 . The four @entity1 who received SRT with a dose of 20 Gy had @entity39 with or without microscopic @entity41 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of recurrent disease after radiotherapy and identifying radiation-induced @entity3145 are important for delivering adequate treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic tools that can distinguish @entity39 from progression of metastatic @entity1313 need to be developed.

title: Radiation-induced @entity39 deteriorating neurological symptoms and mimicking progression of brain XXXX after stereotactic-guided radiotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['RIN lesions']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['RIN', 'radiation-induced necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['peritumoral edema']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumor']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 are a major health issue associated with @entity6 . To surmount this issue, we developed @entity2636 foams (PUFs) incorporating varying amounts of recombinant @entity1 epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) (rhEGF-PUFs) as a wound dressing for @entity6 . From electron microscopy images, it was found that the pore size of the rhEGF-PUFs surface (the wound contact layer) was less than 100 m, regardless of rhEGF content. The release of rhEGF from the PUFs was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The result showed that the release of rhEGF was time and concentration dependent, i.e., the amount of released rhEGF significantly increased as the immersion time and the rhEGF content of the PUFs increased. In vitro @entity137 testing showed that rhEGF-PUFs increased the viability of HaCaT @entity1 keratinocytes and CCD986-sk @entity1 fibroblasts, which indicated that the incorporated rhEGF maintained its biological activity. In an in vitro scratch wound healing assay, the wound closure rate was faster in CCD986-sk @entity1 fibroblasts than in HaCaT @entity1 keratinocytes. Finally, the rhEGF-PUFs were evaluated as an in vivo treatment in a full-thickness wound model in diabetized @entity35 . The result indicated that compared with PUFs, rhEGF-PUFs accelerated wound healing by promoting wound contraction, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition and the formation of a skin appendage. These findings demonstrate that rhEGF-PUFs are a promising dressing for @entity6 .

title: XXXX foam containing rhEGF as a dressing material for healing @entity6 : Synthesis, characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic wounds', 'diabetes mellitus', 'Diabetic wounds']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2636 :: ('MESH:D011140', 'Chemical') :: ['polyurethane']

answer: @entity2636 :: (MESH:D011140,Chemical) :: ['Polyurethane']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1423 ( @entity1423 ) has been shown to be a general stimulation for repair and 1-year results showed promising success percentages. PURPOSE: This trial was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of @entity1423 compared with @entity228 injections in @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with a 2-year follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: The trial was conducted in 2 Dutch teaching hospitals. One hundred @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 were randomly assigned to a leukocyte-enriched @entity1423 group (n = 51) or the @entity228 group (n = 49). Randomization and allocation to the trial group were carried out by a central computer system. @entity1 received either a @entity228 injection or an autologous platelet concentrate injection through a peppering needling technique. The primary analysis included visual analog scale (VAS) @entity158 scores and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) outcome scores. RESULTS: The @entity1423 group was more often successfully treated than the @entity228 group (P < .0001). Success was defined as a reduction of 25% on VAS or DASH scores without a reintervention after 2 years. When baseline VAS and DASH scores were compared with the scores at 2-year follow-up, both groups significantly improved across time (intention-to-treat principle). However, the DASH scores of the @entity228 group returned to baseline levels, while those of the @entity1423 group significantly improved (as-treated principle). There were no complications related to the use of @entity1423 . CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity2633 with @entity1423 reduces @entity158 and increases function significantly, exceeding the effect of @entity228 injection even after a follow-up of 2 years. Future decisions for application of @entity1423 for @entity2633 should be confirmed by further follow-up from this trial and should take into account possible costs and harms as well as benefits.

title: Ongoing positive effect of platelet-rich plasma versus @entity228 injection in XXXX : a double-blind randomized controlled trial with 2-year follow-up.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['PRP', 'Platelet-rich plasma']

entities_list: @entity228 :: ('CHEBI:50858', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroid']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['lateral epicondylitis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['lateral epicondylitis']


abstract: Endogenous sex @entity230 seem to exert a major influence on plasma lipoprotein levels. During menopause, endogenous @entity53 (E2) levels decrease, and the low-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentration, which gradually increases with age, rises more rapidly, with mean plasma levels exceeding those of age-matched @entity1 . It is surprising that the reduction of endogenous E2 does not appear to influence high-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. @entity1 who experience early menopause have a higher incidence of @entity301 than do premenopausal @entity1 of similar age; however, this risk is decreased in @entity1 treated with oral @entity172 . Oral administration of E2 increases plasma concentrations of @entity1815 , E2, and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 , and decreases plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity165 . This effect seems to be dose-dependent. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 concentration depends primarily on an @entity9477 subfraction increase. It is interesting to speculate that the effects of oral @entity172 replacement on plasma lipoproteins might be important in reducing @entity301 risk. Sequential addition of progestogens attenuates the effects of @entity172 on plasma lipids and lipoproteins to some degree. However, the type and dose of the progestogen are important. Most progestogens derived from @entity8097 , for example, reduce high-density lipoprotein @entity165 and, in higher doses, increase low-density lipoprotein @entity165 levels. In contrast, progestogens derived from @entity4418 exert only minor effects on plasma lipoproteins. As with oral contraceptives, the net effect of @entity172 -progestogen replacement therapy on plasma lipoproteins depends on the dose and potency of the involved drugs.

title: The effects of @entity53 on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen', 'estrogens']

entities_list: @entity8097 :: ('MESH:D009277', 'Chemical') :: ['19-nortestosterone']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

entities_list: @entity4418 :: ('MESH:D019326', 'Chemical') :: ['17-hydroxyprogesterone']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the rationale, hypothesis, modality of extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) techniques for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 , and to summarize the experimental and clinical studies with inconsistent data which explored the EBP's efficacy in the areas of critical care medicine. DATA SOURCES: Articles referred in this review were collected from the database of PubMed published in English up to June 2014. STUDY SELECTION: We had done a literature search by using the term "( @entity295 OR @entity647 OR @entity649 ) AND (extracorporeal blood purification OR hemofiltration OR hemoperfusion OR @entity8450 OR plasmapheresis OR adsorpiton)". Related original or review articles were included and carefully analyzed. RESULTS: Acute cellular and humoral immune disturbances occur in both @entity295 and @entity649 ( @entity649 ). Treatments aimed at targeting one single pro-/anti-inflammatory mediator have largely failed with no proven clinical benefits. Such failure shifts the therapeutic rationale to the nonspecific, broad-spectrum methods for modulating the over-activated inflammatory and anti-inflammatory response. Therefore, EBP techniques have become the potential weapons with high promise for removing the circulating pro-/anti-inflammatory mediators and promoting immune reconstitution. Over the years, multiple extracorporeal techniques for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 have been developed, including hemofiltration (HF), high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF), high-cutoff hemofiltration ( @entity264 -HF), hemo-perfusion or -adsorption (HP/HA), coupled plasma filtration adsorption (CPFA), and @entity8450 ( @entity8450 ). These previous studies showed that EBP therapy was feasible and safe for the critically ill animal models or @entity1 . However, data on their efficacy (especially on the clinical benefits, such as mortality) were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: It is not now to conclude that EBP intervention can purify septic or @entity649 @entity1 with high clinical efficacy from current experimental and clinical practice. Prospective, randomized controlled, and well-designed clinical or experimental studies and most suitable EBP modalities should be further developed.

title: Extracorporeal blood therapy in @entity295 and XXXX : the "purifying dream".

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity8450 :: ('MESH:D054219', 'Disease') :: ['plasma exchange', 'PE']

entities_list: @entity647 :: ('MESH:D055371', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung injury']

answer: @entity649 :: (MESH:D012128,Disease) :: ['acute respiratory distress syndrome']


abstract: Controversial data have been reported on gastric acid secretion in @entity1 with @entity1689 . Moreover, studies on gastroduodenal morphological changes in @entity1 with this disease and with other @entity167 -related conditions have given different results. Basal and penta- @entity8243 -stimulated gastric secretion, histological changes of @entity356 , and basal and meal-stimulated @entity8243 were measured in 21 @entity1 with chronic @entity8883 and in the following pair-matched groups: 21 chronic alcoholics and 21 control subjects ( @entity2210 ), and in 19 @entity1 with proven @entity1575 of alcoholic origin. No @entity1 suffered from peptic @entity1066 . Moreover, gastric secretion was also measured in 51 @entity1 with proven duodenal @entity1066 and in 34 healthy subjects. Basal acid output in @entity1 with @entity1689 was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than in the other groups, except for the @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 . Peak acid output values in @entity1 with @entity1689 were similar to those measured in @entity1 with duodenal @entity1066 , and they were higher than in the healthy subject group and in @entity1 with @entity1575 , but statistical significance was not attained for @entity1 with @entity2210 . An increased frequency of @entity9317 was found in @entity1 with @entity1689 , whereas an increased frequency of @entity356 in the duodenal bulb was observed in all the @entity1 with @entity167 -related conditions considered. No relevant differences among the considered groups were found relating to gastric histological changes. Basal and meal-stimulated @entity8243 were similar in all the studied groups. This study suggests that in @entity1 with @entity1689 there is increased gastric secretion and probably an increased capacity for secretion of acid. Moreover, in @entity1 with @entity1689 , @entity9317 seems to be frequent, but it probably is not directly related to chronic @entity167 consumption.

title: Gastric secretion, gastroduodenal histological changes, and serum @entity8243 in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity1689 :: ('MESH:D050500', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity8883 :: ('MESH:D019512', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['nonulcer dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric and duodenal mucosa', 'gastric metaplasia']

entities_list: @entity9317 :: ('MESH:D004382', 'Disease') :: ['duodenitis']

answer: @entity8883 :: (MESH:D019512,Disease) :: ['alcoholic pancreatitis']


abstract: AIM: To investigate and compare the effect on @entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) of a long intestinal tube inserted by two different endoscopic placements which are transnasal ultrathin endoscopy and conventional endoscopy. @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity1 who had been diagnosed as suffering from @entity1744 underwent long tube insertion placed by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy were included as subjects. Thirty-two @entity1 who had undergone insertion of a long tube placed by conventional endoscopy were included as controls. The success rate of intubation of the small bowel, the time required for the procedure, and complications were compared between the subjects and controls. RESULTS: The success rate of intubation was 100% (29/29) in subjects and 93.8% (30/32) in controls, without a significant difference (P = 0.493). There are 2 failed cases that the procedure was attempted near 60 min in 2 @entity1 who had performed @entity1605 before, and the intestinal tube could not be inserted into efferent loops of jejunum in controls. The mean time required for the procedure was 15.3 min in subjects and 22.9 min in controls, respectively, and with a significant difference (P < 0.001). @entity1415 occurred in both groups, and 2 cases encountered @entity548 of the gastrointestinal tract in controls. CONCLUSION: Long tube insertion facilitated by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy takes shorter time and has a higher success rate compared with the procedure conducted with the help of conventional endoscopy. It is safe and useful to insert a long intestinal tube assisted by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy for the decompression of small bowel.

title: Two different endoscopic long intestinal tube placements for XXXX : Transnasal ultrathin endoscopy versus conventional endoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Billroth II anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['Epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['SBO', 'small bowel obstruction']

answer: @entity1744 :: (MESH:D043183,Disease) :: ['small bowel obstruction']


abstract: Experimental melanin protein-induced @entity1596 (EMIU) is reported to be a model of anterior @entity1596 and @entity3193 in which the retina is spared. In this study, we chose to compare EMIU with experimental autoimmune @entity4643 (EAU), a well-recognised model of @entity23351 , with regard to the nature and dynamics of the cellular infiltrate in the iris. Female Lewis albino @entity35 were immunised with mixtures of crude retinal extract/complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity3795 ) ( @entity20835 ), @entity1391 -buffered saline/ @entity3795 (controls), or iris melanin/ @entity3795 (EMIU) using established protocols. Animals were sacrificed on days 10 and 13 (around disease onset). Following whole body perfusion fixation, irides were dissected from the remainder of the globe. Iris wholemount preparations were then subjected to immunohistochemical analysis in order to investigate both the dynamics of infiltrating leukocytes and the effects of the inflammatory changes on resident immune cells in the iris. The nature of the cellular infiltrate in both EMIU and EAU models was essentially similar, namely there was a rich infiltrate of EDI+ mononuclear cells, Ox42+ neutrophils and T cells. Resident tissue macrophages (ED2+) were slightly below normal densities in the iris of EAU animals and marginally elevated in EMIU animals, MHC class II (Ia) staining, associated in the normal eye with dendritic cells (DC), was considerably elevated in EMIU. It is likely that this was due to both increased DC numbers and an influx of Ia+ exudate macrophages. No striking difference was found in the nature and phenotype of the cellular infiltrate in the iris at the onset of the disease in these two models of @entity1596 (EAU and EMIU). This suggests that the @entity1347 in both models represents non-specific changes secondary to cytokine release associated with interaction of activated antigen-specific T cells and target antigens, namely retinal photoreceptors in EAU and uveal tract melanin-containing cells in EMIU. Alternatively, it may suggest that antigen-presenting cells resident in the iris and ciliary body in normal eyes have access to ocular antigens on both sides of the blood-ocular barrier and are capable of activating circulating antigen-specific T cells in these models.

title: Resident and infiltrating cells in the @entity35 iris during the early stages of experimental melanin protein-induced XXXX (EMIU).

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['anterior segment inflammation']

entities_list: @entity23351 :: ('MESH:D015866', 'Disease') :: ['endogenous posterior uveitis']

entities_list: @entity3193 :: ('MESH:D015862', 'Disease') :: ['choroiditis']

entities_list: @entity4643 :: ('MESH:D003103', 'Disease') :: ['uveoretinitis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity91 surgery is associated with clinically significant postoperative events requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The authors investigate specific variables, which might influence the risk for these events, and thereby make recommendations regarding the need for postoperative ICU admission. METHODS: A retrospective review of 225 @entity1 undergoing @entity91 repair at a single center during a 10-yr period is reported. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of predefined clinically relevant postoperative cardiorespiratory and hematological events requiring ICU admission. RESULTS: The incidences of postoperative cardiorespiratory and hematological events requiring ICU care were 14.7% (95% CI, 10.5 to 20.1%) and 29.7% (95% CI, 24.0 to 36.3%), respectively. Independent predictors of @entity137 were body weight less than 10   kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60   ml/kg packed erythrocytes, and the occurrence of an @entity3816 . The independent predictors of hematological events were body weight less than 10   kg, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60   ml/kg packed erythrocytes, transfusion of hemostatic products (fresh-frozen plasma, platelets, and/or cryoprecipitate), and @entity927 not administered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 undergoing @entity91 surgery are at increased risk for clinically significant postoperative events requiring ICU admission if they are less than 10   kg body weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 3 or 4, require intraoperative transfusion of greater than 60   ml/kg of packed erythrocytes, receive hemostatic blood products, or if they develop a significant @entity3816 . @entity927 administration was associated with fewer postoperative events. A predictive clinical algorithm for pediatric @entity1 having major @entity91 surgery was developed and validated to risk stratify these @entity1 .

title: Predictors of clinically significant postoperative events after XXXX surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory events']

entities_list: @entity927 :: ('MESH:D014148', 'Chemical') :: ['tranexamic acid', 'Tranexamic acid']

entities_list: @entity91 :: ('MESH:D003398', 'Disease') :: ['Craniosynostosis', 'craniosynostosis', 'open craniosynostosis']

entities_list: @entity3816 :: ('MESH:D007431', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative complication']

answer: @entity91 :: (MESH:D003398,Disease) :: ['open craniosynostosis']


abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to explore the @entity1066 healing properties of three dosage schedules of different strengths of topically administered @entity6478 solution in thermally produced skin @entity1066 on the side of the midline on the back of the @entity95 . Four circular thermal burns about 4.0 cm in diameter (two on either side of the midline) were made 4.0 cm apart on the pre shaved back of each anaesthetized (with @entity4490 sod., 45 mg/kg, ip) @entity95 with a heated template, applied for 30 sec. Three days later under anaesthesia, the burns were excised removing epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue. The animals were randomly divided into various groups. @entity1066 on one side of the midline were treated with normal saline and served as control, whereas those on the other side were treated with @entity6478 solutions. Each @entity1066 was observed for its size, slough formation and any sign of irritation on alternate days until healing was complete. Healing of @entity1066 were significantly delay in comparison to control group with all the strength of @entity6478 (0.02%, 0.5% and 1%) in all the dosage schedule (o.d., b.i.d. and q.i.d.) in terms of days required for complete healing (except with b.i.d. dosage schedule of 0.5% _ q.i.d. dosage schedule of 1% @entity6478 solution), @entity1066 size and area under the size time curve (except with b.i.d. _q.i.d. dosage schedule of 1% @entity6478 solution). Thus, it is concluded that unlike mechanical @entity1066 topical @entity6478 delays wound repair in @entity75 .

title: Topical @entity6478 delays healing of deep thermal wounds in albino XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['deep burn lesions']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulcer', 'Ulcers', 'ulcers']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity6478 :: ('MESH:D000584', 'Chemical') :: ['amiloride']

entities_list: @entity4490 :: ('MESH:D013874', 'Chemical') :: ['thiopentone']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity542 is a persistent and costly problem for both @entity1 and adults. Globally, approximately 10 million @entity1 are hospitalized each year for @entity542 . Knowing the structural properties of the head is important for modeling the response of the head in impact, and for providing insights into mechanisms of @entity542 . Hence, the goal of this study was to measure the sub-injurious structural stiffness of whole pediatric heads. 12 cadaveric pediatric (20-week-gestation to 16 years old) heads were tested in a battery of viscoelastic compression tests. The heads were compressed in both the lateral and anterior-posterior directions to 5% of gauge length at normalized deformation rates of 0.0005/s, 0.01/s, 0.1/s, and 0.3/s. Because of the non-linear nature of the response, linear regression models were used to calculate toe region (<2.5%) and elastic region (>2.5%) stiffness separately so that meaningful comparisons could be made across rate, age, and direction. The results showed that age was the dominant factor in predicting the structural stiffness of the @entity1 head. A large and statistically significant increase in the stiffness of both the toe region and the elastic region was observed with increasing age (p<0.0001), but no significant difference was seen across direction or normalized deformation rate. The stiffness of the elastic region increased from as low as 5N/mm in the neonate to >4500N/mm in the 16 year old. The changes in stiffness with age may be attributed to the disappearance of soft sutures and the thickening of skull bones with age.

title: The compressive stiffness of XXXX pediatric heads.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['Head injury', 'head injuries', 'head injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity35 , B6C3F1 @entity19 , and Hartley @entity840 were exposed once for 6 hr to mean concentrations of 10.5, 5.4, 2.4, 1.0, or 0 (control) ppm of @entity36419 ( @entity29154 ) vapor. @entity35 and @entity19 were also exposed to 20.4 ppm of MIC. No @entity204 occurred in animals exposed to 2.4 or 1.0 ppm. The majority of @entity204 for the 20.4- and 10.5-ppm groups occurred during postexposure Days 1 through 3, while at 5.4 ppm @entity204 were observed throughout the 14-day postexposure period. The 6-hr LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) were 6.1 (4.6 to 8.2) ppm for @entity35 , 12.2 (8.4 to 17.5) ppm for @entity19 , and 5.4 (4.4 to 6.7) ppm for @entity840 . Notable clinical observations during and immediately following MIC exposure were lacrimation, perinasal/perioral wetness, @entity1576 (e.g., mouth breathing), decreased activity, @entity2055 , and @entity2332 . The frequency of clinical signs decreased during the second postexposure week. Body weight losses were common in all species following MIC exposures of 2.4 ppm or greater. At 1.0 ppm, only female @entity19 had body weight @entity308 . Recovery of body weight loss was observed in the 5.4- ( @entity840 only), 2.4- and 1.0-ppm concentration groups. The lungs of all animals that died were discolored. Following microscopic examination of the respiratory tract, @entity204 were attributed to @entity3126 and @entity384 . In a separate study, Fischer 344 @entity35 and Hartley @entity840 were exposed once for 4 hr to mean concentrations of 36.1, 25.6, 15.2, or 5.2 ppm of MIC vapor. In general, the results were similar to those of the single 6-hr exposure study.

title: Acute inhalation studies with @entity36419 vapor. I. Methodology and LC50 determinations in XXXX , @entity35 , and @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['congestion']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory difficulty']

entities_list: @entity36419 :: ('MESH:C008461', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl isocyanate']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of a computer-aided evaluation program (CAE) of breast MRI for the assessment of @entity41 extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity0 who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy before surgery and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI before and after chemotherapy were included as part of this study. For the assessment of @entity41 extent after completion of chemotherapy, the mean @entity5 diameters measured by radiologists and CAE were compared to those on histopathology using a paired student t-test. Moreover, the agreement between unidimensional (1D) measurement by radiologist and histopathological size or 1D measurement by CAE and histopathological size was assessed using the Bland-Altman method. For chemotherapy monitoring, we evaluated @entity5 response through the change in the 1D diameter by a radiologist and CAE and three-dimensional (3D) volumetric change by CAE based on Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST). Agreement between the 1D response by the radiologist versus the 1D response by CAE as well as by the 3D response by CAE were evaluated using weighted kappa (k) statistics. RESULTS: For the assessment of @entity41 extent after chemotherapy, the mean @entity5 diameter measured by radiologists (2.0    1.7 cm) was significantly smaller than the mean histological diameter (2.6    2.3 cm) (p = 0.01), whereas, no significant difference was found between the CAE measurements (mean = 2.2    2.0 cm) and histological diameter (p = 0.19). The mean difference between the 1D measurement by the radiologist and histopathology was 0.6 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.0, 4.3), whereas the difference between CAE and histopathology was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -3.9, 4.7). For the monitoring of response to chemotherapy, the 1D measurement by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair agreement (k = 0.358), while the 1D measurement by the radiologist and 3D measurement by CAE showed poor agreement (k = 0.106). CONCLUSION: CAE for breast MRI is sufficiently accurate for the assessment of @entity41 extent in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, for the assessment of response to chemotherapy, the assessment by the radiologist and CAE showed a fair to poor agreement.

title: Computer-aided evaluation of breast MRI for the XXXX extent and response monitoring in @entity0 @entity1 receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

answer: @entity41 :: (MESH:D018365,Disease) :: ['residual tumor']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate clinical features of @entity1593 ( @entity1593 ) and their association with risk factors for @entity1593 in a genetic risk birth cohort. METHODS: @entity1 from 6 clinical centers in 4 countries positive for HLA- @entity4106 -DQ2 or @entity4107 -DQ8 were annually screened for @entity8265 antibodies (tTGA) and assessed for symptoms by questionnaires. Associations of symptoms with anthropometrics, known risk factors for @entity1593 , tTGA levels, and @entity3137 in those biopsied were examined. RESULTS: Of 6706 screened @entity1 , 914 developed persistent positive tTGA, 406 underwent biopsies, and 340 had @entity1593 . Compared with age-matched tTGA-negative @entity1 , those with persistent tTGA were more likely to have symptoms at 2 (34% vs 19%, P < .001) and 3 years of age (28% vs 19%, P = .009) but not at 4 years (27% vs 21%, NS). Z-scores for height, weight, and BMI did not differ between groups. In @entity1 with persistent tTGA, having >=  1 symptom was associated with family history of @entity1593 (odds ratio = 2.59, 95% confidence interval, 1.21-5.57) but not with age, gender, or HLA- @entity4106 -DQ2 homozygosity. At seroconversion, tTGA levels were higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic @entity1 (P < .001), in those from @entity1593 families (P < .001), and in US @entity1 (P < .001) but not associated with age, gender, or HLA genotype. tTGA levels correlated with severity of @entity3137 both in symptomatic (r = 0.53, P < .001) and asymptomatic @entity1 (r = 0.22, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: A majority of @entity1 detected with persistent tTGA in screenings are asymptomatic and have normal growth by age 4 years. tTGA levels correlate more strongly with severity of @entity3137 in symptomatic as compared with asymptomatic @entity1 .

title: Clinical features of XXXX : a prospective birth cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity1593 :: ('MESH:D002446', 'Disease') :: ['celiac disease', 'CD']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

entities_list: @entity3137 :: ('MESH:D009059', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal lesions']

answer: @entity1593 :: (MESH:D002446,Disease) :: ['celiac disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polygenetic effect has rarely been addressed in the genetic studies of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). We used the largest and ethnically homogeneous angiographic cohort to analyze multilocus data in renin-angiotensin system genes, and provide an explicit demonstration of gene-gene interactions. METHODS: A total of 1254 consecutive @entity1 who underwent cardiac catheterization (735 with @entity453 and 519 without) were recruited. Angiotensin converting enzyme( @entity1289 ) gene I/D polymorphism; @entity26203 , @entity7742 , @entity29109 , @entity26201 , @entity26701 , and @entity26200 polymorphisms of the @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ) gene; and @entity7744 polymorphism of the angiotensin II type I receptor ( @entity7743 ) gene were genotyped. We used a regression approach based on a generalized linear model to evaluate haplotype effects, adjust non-genetic confounding effects and detect gene-gene interaction between @entity1289 and @entity7743 genes. RESULTS: We found significant differences in global @entity2178 gene haplotype profile and individual haplotypes between cases and controls. Significant two-way and three-way gene-gene interactions between @entity1289 I/D, @entity7743 @entity7744 polymorphisms and @entity2178 gene haplotypes were detected. However, subjects carrying both D allele and GGCATC haplotype had an increased risk of @entity453 (odds ratio=1.63 [1.16-2.29]; P=0.004). We also used haplotype counting to directly estimate the odds ratio of each specific @entity2178 gene haplotype, and found that the effects of haplotypes were markedly different in subgroups with different @entity1289 or @entity7743 gene genotype. CONCLUSIONS: The regression-based haplotype analyses permits simultaneous dectection of multi-locus and multi-gene effects in determining the risk of @entity453 . We provide the paradigm for genetic studies of complex-trait diseases using candidate genes based on biological pathways.

title: Polygenetic regression model of renin-angiotensin system genes and the risk of XXXX in a large angiographic population.

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['AGT', 'angiotensinogen']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']