abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe utilization of 3% @entity4372 ( @entity4372 ) in hospitalized @entity1 and to evaluate the association between @entity4372 use and length of stay (LOS) in a real-world setting. STUDY DESIGN: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included @entity1 <=12 months hospitalized with @entity5924 between October 2008 and September 2011 using the Pediatric Health Information System. @entity4372 use was categorized as trial, rescue, daily, or sporadic. Differences in LOS were compared after matching daily @entity4372 recipients and nonrecipients on propensity score. RESULTS: There were 63,337 hospitalizations for @entity5924 . @entity4372 was used in 24 of 42 hospitals and 2.9% of all hospitalizations. @entity4372 use increased from 0.4% of visits in 2008 to 9.2% of visits in 2011. There was substantial variation in @entity4372 use across hospitals (range 0.1%-32.6%). When used, @entity4372 was given daily during 60.6% of hospitalizations, sporadically in 10.4%, as a trial in 11.3%, and as a rescue in 17.7%. The propensity score-matched analysis of daily @entity4372 recipients (n=953) vs nonrecipients (n=953) showed no difference in mean LOS ( @entity4372 2.3 days vs nonrecipients 2.5 days; b-coefficient -0.04; 95% CI -0.15, 0.07; P=.5) or odds of staying longer than 1, 2, or 3 days. Daily @entity4372 recipients had a 33% decreased odds of staying in the hospital>4 days compared with nonrecipients (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.47, 0.97; P=.03). CONCLUSIONS: Variation in @entity4372 use and the lack of association between @entity4372 and mean LOS demonstrates the need for further research to standardize @entity4372 use and better define the @entity1 for whom @entity4372 will be most beneficial.

title: Utilization of nebulized 3% saline in XXXX hospitalized with @entity5924 .

entities_list: @entity4372 :: ('MESH:D009122', 'Disease') :: ['hypertonic saline', 'HTS']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: The interaction of @entity12698 and @entity13586 with @entity1229 was studied. @entity1 stable on @entity1229 therapy and concurrently taking a @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitor comparator (traditional nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications, @entity65722 , or @entity1443 ) randomly received @entity12698 200 mg/day or @entity13586 25 mg/day for three weeks. After a one-week washout period, the @entity1 were crossed over to treatment with the opposite @entity3840 inhibitor for three more weeks. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) was measured at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, and 3 of therapy with each @entity3840 inhibitor by testing blood samples obtained by finger stick. Data for 16 @entity1 were analyzed. The INR increased by 13%, 6%, and 5% on average in @entity1 taking @entity12698 at weeks 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and by 5%, 9%, and 5% in @entity1 taking @entity13586 . Changes in the INR were statistically significant at week 1 for @entity12698 and at week 2 for @entity13586 . Of the 12 subjects who had a clinically significant > or = 15% change in the INR while receiving either @entity3840 inhibitor, 4 showed this change for both agents. @entity137 were similar for each @entity3840 inhibitor, but the rate of @entity4 requiring medical intervention was higher in the @entity13586 group. Significant increases in the INR were observed in @entity1 who were stable on @entity1229 therapy after the addition of therapy with @entity13586 or @entity12698 .

title: Interaction of XXXX and @entity12698 with @entity1229 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13586 :: ('MESH:C116926', 'Chemical') :: ['rofecoxib']

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Adverse drug reactions']

entities_list: @entity65722 :: ('MESH:C014182', 'Chemical') :: ['salsalate']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity13586 :: (MESH:C116926,Chemical) :: ['rofecoxib']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity1 with bifurcated @entity301 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity301 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with @entity75 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity3446 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity1 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity1 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity1 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity75 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity3446 Versus @entity2239 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of XXXX - or @entity2239 -eluting stent to treat @entity75 by provisional approach.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['bifurcated lesions']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['sirolimus', 'Sirolimus']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['sirolimus']


abstract: Preoperative axillary ultrasound (USS) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may allow diagnosis of axillary metastases and reduce repeat axillary procedures. This procedure is usually performed by radiologists. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of surgeon performed axillary USS and/or FNAC in determining axillary nodal status preoperatively. @entity1 with @entity0 from August 2007 to July 2008 were studied prospectively. @entity1 who had primary hormonal therapy, neo-adjuvant therapy or distant metastases were excluded. Axillary USS was performed by two consultant breast surgeons trained in ultrasound and biopsy techniques. USS guided FNAC was used to evaluate suspicious nodes. Those with positive cytology (i.e., malignant cells) underwent axillary clearance and the remainder had either sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary node sample. Axillary USS and FNAC results were compared with final axillary histology. One hundred and twenty eight @entity1 were included with a mean age of 60   years. Nodes were nonpalpable in 96(75%) @entity1 . Forty nine(38.2%) @entity1 had axillary metastases on final histology and 30 of the 49(61%) were identified by preoperative USS guided FNAC. The sensitivity and specificity of this procedure were 61% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 100% and 80.6%, respectively. Therefore, 61% of @entity1 with axillary metastases were able to proceed directly to definitive axillary surgery. The use of USS and FNAC to evaluate and sample the axillary nodes in @entity1 with @entity0 can be a useful tool for the breast surgeon.

title: Axillary ultrasound in XXXX : experience of our surgeons.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['invasive breast cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic value of MRI examination in detecting and monitoring @entity75 ( @entity75 ) in childhood @entity981 ( @entity981 ) after @entity7730 ( @entity7730 ) and/or bone marrow transplantation (BMT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-three @entity1 (37 males, mean age 12.4 years old) with @entity981 after treatment underwent a lower-limb MR examination between November 2006 and March 2012. In 47 there was clinical suspicion of @entity75 , 26 were asymptomatic. Studies were performed with a 1  T and a 1.5  T scanner, acquiring short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1-weighted sequences in coronal plane from the hips to the ankles. The average acquisition time was 18  min. Considering baseline and follow-up examinations, the overall number of MRI studies was 195. RESULTS: Fifty-four of 73 @entity1 showed @entity75 at MRI study, with an overall number of 323 @entity75 (89 involving articular surface, 24 with @entity85 , JD). Twenty-five of 47 symptomatic @entity1 showed @entity75 , 11 developed JD. Three of 26 asymptomatic @entity1 showed subchondral bone @entity75 at baseline examination but no JD at follow-up. Twenty-two of 28 BMT, 32/45 @entity7730 @entity1 developed @entity75 . CONCLUSION: Our MRI protocol proved to be feasible in evaluating @entity75 in paediatric @entity1 . Studies should be addressed only to symptomatic @entity1 .

title: Lower-limb MRI in the staging and re-staging of osteonecrosis in paediatric @entity1 affected by XXXX after therapy.

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrotic lesions', 'ON', 'subchondral ON lesions']

entities_list: @entity7730 :: ('MESH:D064146', 'Disease') :: ['CHT', 'chemotherapy']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['joint deformity']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a six-week indoor hand-bike exercise program on fasting @entity2690 and homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and physical fitness in @entity1 with @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ). DESIGN: Randomized Controlled Trial. SETTING: National Rehabilitation Center (Outpatient). @entity1 : Fifteen @entity1 with @entity1566 (exercise group: eight, control group: seven). INTERVENTIONS: This study involved 60-minute exercise sessions on an indoor hand-bike. @entity1 in the exercise group exercised three times per week for six weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health parameters [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, percent body fat, @entity2690 level, and HOMA-IR level] and fitness outcomes [Peak @entity26 consumption (VO2 peak), shoulder abduction and adduction, shoulder flexion and extension, elbow flexion and extension]. RESULTS: Participation in a six-week exercise program using an indoor hand-bike significantly decreased BMI (baseline: 22.0  3.7 m/kg(2) vs. post-intervention: 21.7  3.5 m/kg(2), p=0.028), fasting @entity2690 (baseline: 5.4  2.9  U/ml vs. post-intervention: 3.4  1.5  U/ml, p=0.036), and HOMA-IR (baseline: 1.0  0.6 vs. post-intervention: 0.6  0.3, p=0.030) levels compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, this training program significantly increased VO2 peak and strength in shoulder abduction, adduction, flexion and extension, and elbow flexion and extension compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise using an indoor hand-bike appears to be an effective modality to improve body composition, fasting @entity2690 and HOMA-IR levels, and fitness in @entity1 with a @entity1566 .

title: Effects of a Six-week Indoor Hand-bike Exercise Program on Health and Fitness Levels in @entity1 with XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'people']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity1566 :: (MESH:D013119,Disease) :: ['Spinal Cord Injury']


abstract: Soft tissue neoplasms with features of both @entity808 and @entity4847 ( @entity4847 ) have been increasingly recognized in recent years. To date, only a single case of this entity has been documented in the gastrointestinal tract (sigmoid colon). We herein describe 2 new cases of this entity. For comparison, we reevaluated 12 classic @entity344 for the perineurial cell component. The 2 hybrid @entity4847 were detected incidentally in the gastric antrum and the vermiform appendix in a 50-year-old @entity1 and a 17-year-old @entity1 during surgery for @entity356 and @entity698 -like symptoms, respectively. None of the @entity1 had @entity4786 1 or 2. @entity1 were alive with no evidence of recurrence or new @entity5 at 8 and 12 months, respectively. The @entity5 measured 1.2 cm and 1.5 cm in size. Histologically, they showed prominent storiform, lamellar, and fascicular patterns. Notably, both lacked peripheral lymphoid cuffs and the trabecular pattern of @entity344 . Both @entity5 coexpressed protein @entity2281 (>= 80%), @entity2280 (80%), and the perineurial cell markers (20% to 40% of @entity5 cells). The perineurial cell component formed alternating fascicles with @entity2281 -positive cells throughout the @entity5 . Reevaluation of 12 classic @entity344 showed isolated @entity3670 /epithelial membrane antigen-positive cells. However, 4 @entity808 (33%) strongly expressed @entity413 transporter-1 in most of the @entity5 cells indicating its limited specificity in this setting. Compared with @entity344 , @entity2280 expression was stronger and more diffuse in hybrid @entity4847 . We conclude that hybrid @entity4847 are distinct from @entity344 , both histologically and immunohistochemically.

title: XXXX of the gastrointestinal tract: a clinicopathologic study of 2 cases and reappraisal of perineurial cells in @entity344 .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['schwannomas', 'schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['man', 'Patients', 'woman', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'neoplasm', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal schwannomas', 'gastrointestinal schwannoma']

entities_list: @entity4786 :: ('MESH:D017253', 'Disease') :: ['neurofibromatosis']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity4847 :: ('MESH:D018317', 'Disease') :: ['schwannoma-perineuriomas', 'perineurioma', 'hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric GIST']

answer: @entity4847 :: (MESH:D018317,Disease) :: ['Hybrid schwannoma-perineurioma']


abstract: One hundred @entity1 who were in extremis and required Emergency Room Thoracotomy (ERT) after sustaining penetrating @entity764 were analyzed to compare the results of attempted stabilization in the field (n = 51) with those who had immediate transportation (n = 49). The clinical status of the @entity1 in the field and in the E.R. was quantified by @entity130 Score (TS) as well as Physiologic Index (PI), ranging in severity from 20 (clinically dead) to 5 (stable). The anatomic injury severity was expressed by Penetrating @entity130 Index (PTI). Survival was analyzed according to the type of injuries: noncardiac and cardiac. The overall survival was 10%. There was only one survivor with noncardiac injuries. Sixty-nine @entity1 had cardiac penetration, 33 in Group I (stabilization) and 36 in Group II (immediate transport). Despite attempts at stabilization, none of the @entity1 in Group I showed an improvement in clinical status from the scene to the emergency room. There were a higher number of @entity1 arriving at the E.R. with signs of life in Group II compared to Group I. In Group II @entity1 , survival was significantly improved overall (p = 0.01), in @entity1 with signs of life on arrival at the hospital (p = 0.02) and in @entity1 with isolated right ventricular wounds (p = 0.01) compared with Group I. The anatomic injury severity (PTI) as well as the mode of injury in the two groups was similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Penetrating XXXX : in-field stabilization vs. prompt transport.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic injuries']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['thoracic injuries']


abstract: Though the mechanisms of continence after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal @entity254 have been studied, functions of the small intestine have received little attention. However, frequent stools and urgency plague some @entity1 who are otherwise quite continent. Motility of the jejunum and ileum was assessed in eight @entity1 with @entity31 who were studied 4 to 24 months after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal @entity254 ; these findings were compared to those in six healthy volunteers. Continuous manometric recordings from the small bowel were obtained in both groups for 16 to 23 hours of @entity4053 ; postprandial recordings were made for 6 hours following a mixed meal (800 kcal, 20% protein, 40% fat, 40% @entity1735 ) in the ileoanal @entity1 . The duration, velocity of propagation, and periodicity of the migrating motor complex did not differ between the groups (P greater than 0.05). Discrete bursts of clustered contractions were recorded from all of the controls and in five of eight @entity1 . Likewise, we recorded from all controls and five of eight @entity1 large amplitude, prolonged waves of pressure which propagated distally. However, in controls these large amplitude waves were confined to the terminal ileum, but in @entity1 these were detected in the jejunoileum, up to 125 cm proximal to the @entity4628 . We conclude that jejunoileal motility is not greatly altered by proctocolectomy with @entity4628 -anal @entity254 . However, the appearance of the large amplitude, rapidly propagating waves in the proximal jejunoileum after operation may be a response to increased storage within and distention of the distal bowel.

title: Motility of the small intestine after proctocolectomy and @entity4628 -anal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal pouch']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional resuscitation training models are inadequate to achieving and maintaining resuscitation competency. This analysis evaluates the effectiveness of a novel, performance improvement-based inpatient resuscitation programme. METHODS: This was a prospective, before-and-after study conducted in an urban, university-affiliated hospital system. All inpatient adult @entity1167 without an active Do Not Attempt Resuscitation order from July 2005 to June 2012 were included. The advanced resuscitation training (ART) programme was implemented in Spring 2007 and included a unique treatment algorithm constructed around the capabilities of our providers and resuscitation equipment, a training programme with flexible format and content including early recognition concepts, and a comprehensive approach to performance improvement feeding directly back into training. Our inpatient resuscitation registry and electronic @entity1 care record were used to quantify arrest rates and survival-to-hospital discharge before and after ART programme implementation. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for age, gender, location of arrest, initial rhythm, and time of day. RESULTS: A total of 556 @entity1167 were included (182 pre- and 374 post-ART). Arrest incidence decreased from 2.7 to 1.2 per 1000 @entity1 discharges in non-ICU inpatient units, with no change in ICU arrest rate. An increase in survival-to-hospital discharge from 21 to 45% (p<0.01) was observed following ART programme implementation. Adjusted odds ratios for survival-to-discharge (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.4-3.4) and good neurological outcomes (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.3) reflected similar improvements. Arrest-related @entity204 decreased from 2.1 to 0.5 @entity204 per 1000 @entity1 discharges in non-ICU areas and from 1.5 to 1.3 @entity204 per 1000 @entity1 discharges in ICU areas, and overall hospital mortality decreased from 2.2% to 1.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a novel, performance improvement-based inpatient resuscitation programme was associated with a decrease in the incidence of @entity1167 and improved clinical outcomes.

title: A performance improvement-based resuscitation programme reduces arrest incidence and increases survival from in-hospital XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest victims', 'cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: The aim of this article is to summarize and critique reports from selected large-scale population health surveys (U.S. and Canada national health surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Canada Fitness Survey), and active research programs in preventive pediatric cardiology (i.e., Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipids Study, and Minneapolis Blood Pressure Study)) pertaining to the secular trend in variables associated with the @entity209 of North American youth. These surveys were chosen since they have published peer-reviewed articles on the topic and consist of relatively large samples. The increased body mass index and prevalence of overweight and @entity28 are clear, particularly over the past two decades. The secular increase in overweight and @entity28 cannot be linked to available self-report data on physical activity or diet, although measurement issues need to be considered. The emergence of @entity2175 in adolescents parallels the increase in @entity28 ; however, subsequent changes in blood lipids and blood pressure are less clear. There is some evidence to suggest adverse changes in the blood lipid profile. Aerobic fitness, as determined by maximal @entity26 consumption (VO(2max)), has not appeared to change in youth except perhaps for adolescent females. The results suggesting the emergence of @entity209 X during childhood and adolescence are discussed in the context of perturbation and dysregulation of the @entity2339 . It can be suggested that a subsistent lifestyle consisting of increased lifestyle activity (not exercise per se), a prudent diet, adequate sleep and rest, and stress reduction be advocated to combat diseases of Western Civilization/ @entity209 that have affected North American @entity1 (and adults) in recent years. The results also highlight the importance of population surveillance of @entity28 , physical activity, and dietary intake and cardiovascular health of @entity1 into the 21st century.

title: Secular trends in variables associated with the @entity209 of North American XXXX and adolescents: a review and synthesis.

entities_list: @entity2175 :: ('MESH:D003924', 'Disease') :: ['Type II diabetes']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2339 :: ('MESH:D007029', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: (101/El x C3H/el)F1 male @entity19 were infected intraperitoneally with the mutagen @entity4174 and immediately caged with untreated test-stock females. Crude liver extracts from the offspring were subjected to @entity2975 gel isoelectric focusing, and the gels were stained for six enzymes. In the experimental group (mutagen treated spermatogonial germ-cell stage), a dominant inherited banding alteration of the @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) pattern was detected. By crossing the heterozygous mutants, homozygotes were obtained that showed much less gel staining intensity. The mutation is codominantly expressed with 100% penetrance. The banding alteration was also observed in muscle, kidney, heart, blood, brain, testis, spleen, and lung. @entity2975 gel electrophoresis was performed with all the tissues examined. The mutation causes the intensity of the band corresponding to @entity73028 (primary molecular form in muscle) to decrease from that of the wild type, while the intensity of the bands corresponding to @entity36904 (primary molecular form in heart) remains constant. It is concluded that the mutation affects the locus coding for LDH of the muscle type. Ldh-1c is proposed as the allele symbol.

title: A mutation affecting the @entity880 dehydrogenase locus XXXX in the @entity19 -I. Genetical and electrophoretical characterization.

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine hydrochloride']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide', 'Polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity73028 :: (16828(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Ldh-1']


abstract: Endothelium-derived @entity842 (NO) is a potent in vitro inhibitor of platelet adhesion and aggregation, but its role in regulating platelet reactivity in vivo and in @entity1 in particular is undefined. Our primary objective was to determine whether the in vivo inhibition of NO production shortens template bleeding time (BT). The hemodynamic and platelet effects of @entity7293 ( @entity7293 ), an NO synthase inhibitor, were studied in 12 normal volunteers. Forearm template BT was determined before and 15 min after the intravenous (i.v.) infusion of 4.3 mg/kg @entity7293 . @entity7293 infusion increased mean arterial pressure from 88 +/- 4 to 99 +/- 3 mm Hg (p = 0.0001). Plasma NO levels, determined by chemiluminescence, decreased 65 +/- 10% from basal values (p < 0.05), confirming inhibition of endogenous NO production. Intravenous @entity7293 shortened BT from 5.5 +/- 0.9 to 4.0 +/- 0.6 min (p = 0.026), or by 24 +/- 8% (p = 0.008). @entity7293 infusion did not significantly change ex vivo @entity1423 . To determine whether vasoconstriction affected BT, we investigated forearm blood flow (FBF; determined by venous occlusion plethymography), and template BT in 3 subjects after the local infusion of @entity7293 (2-4 mg/min intraarterially, i.a.). Intraarterial administration of @entity7293 caused a 39 +/- 3% (p = 0.006) reduction in FBF in the infused arm but did not change BT. These data show that systemic inhibition of NO production shortens BT in @entity1 . However, the precise mechanism by which @entity7293 shortens BT is not completely defined.

title: Effect of XXXX synthase inhibition on bleeding time in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity7293 :: ('CHEBI:28229', 'Chemical') :: ['L-NMMA', 'NG-mono-methyl-L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the accuracy of different MR sequences in simultaneous PET/MR imaging for T staging in @entity1149 in relation to histopathology. METHODS: The study included 28 @entity1 who underwent dedicated thoracic PET/MR imaging before @entity5 resection. Local @entity5 staging was performed separately by three readers with each of the following MR sequences together with PET: transverse T2 BLADE, transverse non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced T1 FLASH, T1 3D Dixon VIBE in transverse and coronal orientation, coronal T2 HASTE, and coronal TrueFISP. The staging results were compared with histopathology after resection as the reference standard. Differences in the accuracy of T staging among the MR sequences were evaluated using McNemar's test. Due to multiple testing, Bonferroni correction was applied to prevent accumulation of a errors; p   <   0.0024 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Compared with histopathology, T-staging accuracy was 69  % with T2 BLADE, 68  % with T2 HASTE, 59  % with contrast-enhanced T1 FLASH, 57  % with TrueFISP, 50  % with non-enhanced T1 FLASH, and 45  % and 48  % with T1 3D Dixon VIBE in transverse and coronal orientation, respectively. Staging accuracy with T2 BLADE was significantly higher than with non-enhanced T1 FLASH and with T1 3D Dixon VIBE in transverse and coronal orientations (p   <   0.0024). T2 HASTE had a significantly higher T-staging accuracy than transverse T1 3D-Dixon-VIBE (p   <   0.0024). CONCLUSION: Transverse T2 BLADE images provide the highest accuracy for @entity5 staging and should therefore be included in dedicated thoracic PET/MR protocols. As T1 3D Dixon VIBE images acquired for attenuation correction performed significantly worse, this sequence cannot be considered sufficiently accurate for @entity5 staging in the thorax.

title: Thoracic staging of XXXX using integrated (18)F-FDG PET/MR imaging: diagnostic value of different MR sequences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['local tumour', 'tumour']

answer: @entity1149 :: (MESH:D002289,Disease) :: ['non-small-cell lung cancer']


abstract: @entity28058 is an analogue of @entity11558 and @entity72759 which does not require metabolic activation and is sufficiently soluble to allow parenteral administration. A Phase I trial has been performed at the Royal Marsden Hospital in which two schedules of administration have been evaluated, a single i.v. infusion repeated every 3 weeks and 3 daily doses repeated every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed at all dose levels on both schedules and a linear correlation was demonstrated between dose and area under the curve. Myelosuppression was dose limiting for single dose administration with a maximum tolerated dose of 2400 mg/m2. Median leukocyte nadirs at 1800, 2100, and 2400 mg/m2 were 3.2, 2.6, and 1.5 x 10(9)/liter. @entity882 and @entity417 also occurred but were not dose limiting. Doses greater than 1500 mg/m2 caused WHO grade 3 @entity390 and @entity391 but no acute sedation. Three day administration appeared to be less myelosuppressive, giving a maximum tolerated dose of 1000 mg/m2. Median leukocyte nadirs at 800, 900, and 1000 mg/m2 daily for 3 days were 3.0, 2.3, and 1.5 x 10(9)/liter. Nonhematological @entity137 were also less marked on the fractionated schedule. Antitumor effects were observed including 1 complete and 9 partial responses. Demonstration of activity in @entity43 has led to further evaluation in this disease using the 3-day schedule at a dose of 800 mg/m2 daily for 3 days.

title: Phase I trial and pharmacokinetics of XXXX ( @entity28058 ).

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity72759 :: ('MESH:C022048', 'Chemical') :: ['pentamethylmelamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity28058 :: ('MESH:C049507', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimelamol']

entities_list: @entity11558 :: ('MESH:D006585', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethylmelamine']

answer: @entity28058 :: (MESH:C049507,Chemical) :: ['trimelamol']


abstract: Fibrin glue has been shown to be effective in improving postoperative chylothorax following various thoracic procedures and in reducing lymphorrhea after axillary dissection. It is unknown, however, whether fibrin glue is effective in reducing @entity2680 ( @entity1143 ) after esophagectomy. A series of 43 consecutive @entity1 with @entity418 who underwent extended esophagectomy were prospectively randomized to two groups: group A (n = 21), in whom 3 ml of fibrin glue was applied to the dissected mediastinum; and group B (n = 22), in whom fibrin glue was not applied. The time of drain removal and the volume of the thoracic drainage were compared. All data were expressed as the mean +/- standard deviation. There were no significant differences in the clinicopathologic characteristics between the two groups. None of the @entity1 developed chylothorax or died during their hospital stay. The daily volume from the thoracic drain (457 +/- 273 ml) was significantly (p < 0.05) larger on postoperative day (POD) 1 in group A than in group B (298 +/- 158 ml) and tended to be larger (p < 0.10) on PODs 4 and 6 in group A than in group B. The cumulative drainage volume was significantly (p < 0.05) larger on PODs 4 to 6 and POD 9, and it tended to be larger (p < 0.10) on PODs 1, 3, 7, 8, 10, and 11 in group A than in group B, suggesting that the cumulative drainage volume in group A was consistently larger than that in group B. The cumulative numbers of @entity1 with a drain remaining in place were not significantly different for the two groups (p = 0.4683). Three @entity1 in group A, however, had prolonged insertion (> 20 days) of the chest tube. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity260 . No @entity1 in group A developed @entity1800 during the long-term follow-up. Application of fibrin glue to the dissected mediastinum seems to induce @entity86 and thus be responsible for prolonged chest tube insertion in some @entity1 . Hence the use of fibrin glue cannot be recommended for reducing @entity2680 after esophagectomy.

title: Does fibrin glue reduce @entity2680 ( XXXX ) after extended esophagectomy? Prospective randomized clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion']

entities_list: @entity2680 :: ('MESH:D003763', 'Disease') :: ['lymph leakage']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative chest-related complications']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infectious disease']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic esophageal cancer']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative lymph leakage']

answer: @entity1143 :: (MESH:D010996,Disease) :: ['pleural effusion']


abstract: Intensive amateur sport will lead especially in the untrained to frequent traumatisation. Exact discussion of the symptomatics of the @entity2633 seems to be necessary. Sufficient therapy of various @entity158 symptoms, which are usually described as @entity2633 is only possible after exact differentiation. @entity158 can be caused by the ligamentum-anulare-syndrome as well as by the classic insertion @entity924 . A @entity1184 of the radio-humeral disc can also be the reason of @entity158 after @entity603 . @entity571 and @entity309 can easily be differentiated from posttraumatic changes by anamnesis and clinical examination. In a large group of @entity1 @entity158 in the elbow region is caused by cervical spine disturbancies, which are frequently overlooked. Similar symptoms can be seen in cases with peripheral irritation of the radial nerve, which can be entrapped as in the @entity907 . Juvenile @entity1 can also suffer from @entity2530 (M. Panner, M. Hegemann) or from epiphysiolysis. In the years from 1975 to 1980 1,096 @entity1 with @entity158 symptoms at the radial epicondyle of the humerus were treated at the Orthopedic Clinic of the University of Vienna under exclusion of those cases with cervical spine disturbancies. Out of the 1,096 @entity1 seen 60 were treated surgically (5,47%) because of insertion @entity924 . 35 cases of @entity6995 (3,19%) and three of @entity2530 (0,27%) were seen in the same period. 60 synovectomies with 33 resections of the radial head were operated because of @entity309 with massive destruction of the humeroradial joint.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Differential diagnosis of XXXX humeri radialis].

entities_list: @entity6995 :: ('MESH:D055034', 'Disease') :: ['osteochondrosis dissecans']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity907 :: ('MESH:D019462', 'Disease') :: ['supinator syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity924 :: ('MESH:D052256', 'Disease') :: ['tendinosis']

entities_list: @entity603 :: ('MESH:D013585', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic synovitis']

entities_list: @entity2633 :: ('MESH:D013716', 'Disease') :: ['epicondylitis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'Paraarticular pain']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['osteonecrosis']

answer: @entity2633 :: (MESH:D013716,Disease) :: ['epicondylitis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity1125 ( @entity1125 )-02 study established @entity900 and @entity136 (CisGem) as a reference 1(st)-line regimen for @entity1 with advanced/metastatic @entity1125 ; @entity1 with @entity648    1.5  * upper limit of normal (ULN) were excluded and there are few extant data for systemic treatment in the context of elevated @entity648 . METHODS: @entity1 with @entity1125 , receiving CisGem with a baseline @entity648 of    1.5*ULN were eligible for this retrospective analysis; response, @entity137 and survival data were collected. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 of 545 screened; median age 59years, range 23-79; 58% male, 58% with @entity3 (79% in the liver) of performance status (PS) 0 (33%), 1 (64%) or 2 (3%) were eligible. The median baseline @entity648 was 55 mol/L (range 32-286); due to @entity253 ( @entity253 , 76%) or liver @entity3 (LM, 24%). @entity137 was comparable to the @entity1125 -02 study; @entity648 normalised in 64% during chemotherapy/follow-up. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.9months (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4-9.0) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) 9.5months (95% CI: 5.7-12.8). @entity1 with @entity253 had a longer PFS and @entity1349 than those with LM (7.0 versus 2.6months; p=0.1633 and 9.8 versus 4.4months, hazard ratio (HR) 0.74; p=0.465, respectively); not statistically significant (due to small sample size). Normalisation of @entity648 and completion of eight CisGem cycles were associated with longer @entity1349 (11.4 versus 2.9months, HR 0.49; p=0.08 and 15.2 versus 5.4months, HR 0.12 p<0.001, respectively). No difference in @entity1349 was shown between the @entity648 percentiles (for either PFS or @entity1349 ). CONCLUSION: For PS 0-1 @entity1 with @entity1125 and high @entity648 due to luminal disease despite optimal stenting CisGem can be used safely with results similar to those in @entity1 with normal @entity648 .

title: @entity900 and @entity136 in @entity1 with XXXX ( @entity1125 ) and persistent jaundice despite optimal stenting: Effective intervention in @entity1 with luminal disease.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicity']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary tract obstruction', 'BTO']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['advanced biliary tract cancer', 'biliary tract cancer', 'ABC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity1125 :: (MESH:D001661,Disease) :: ['advanced biliary tract cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Our aim was to assess the efficacy of the liver dialysis unit (LDU) in the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 between January 1996 and December 2001 were retrospectively studied. A liver dialysis unit became available in our Unit in July 2000, and as of December 2001, four of these 17 @entity1 had undergone treatment with liver dialysis. RESULTS: Mean age was 29 years (range: 14-47) and 76% were @entity1 . Four of 17 @entity1 underwent a total of 12 (range: 1-4) LDU sessions. Ammonia level tended to be lower following the LDU and all four @entity1 recovered without a need for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Prior to July 2000, eight of 13 @entity1 survived with supportive therapy, three expired and two underwent OLT. No major @entity548 episodes were observed during the LDU course. A significant difference was found between the three cases who died and the cases that survived with respect to the grade of @entity75 (p<0.001). There was significant difference in the admission serum @entity1011 among survivors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the Liver Dialysis Unit treatment appeared to benefit @entity1 with @entity1443 -induced @entity879 by reverse of the @entity75 and spontaneous recovery of the damaged liver in selected @entity1 .

title: Experience with liver dialysis in @entity1443 induced XXXX : a preliminary report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['fulminant hepatic failure']


abstract: Serum antibodies cytotoxic to the @entity694 cell line RPMI 4788 were studied in 42 @entity1 with @entity31 , 61 @entity1 with @entity30 , 27 @entity1 with other inflammatory diseases (disease-controls) and 22 healthy controls. @entity137 of antibodies towards RPMI 4788 was studied by means of a @entity3407 release assay using peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes of healthy subjects as effector cells. Using a four hour antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity assay sera from 29% of @entity31 patients contained antibodies cytotoxic for the target, while only 3% of the @entity30 @entity1 and 6% of the disease controls and non of the healthy controls were positive. When an 18 hour assay was applied, however, not only 40% of @entity31 @entity1 , but also 14% of @entity30 @entity1 and 21% of disease controls were found positive. The reactive antibody in the four hour assay was mainly of the IgG class, which points at a classical antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity mechanism. In the 18 hour cytotoxic assay IgG and particularly IgM antibodies were found to be reactive. This suggests that in the latter case other cellular cytotoxic mechanism might be involved. There was a significant inverse correlation between the appearance of the @entity31 restricted IgG-anticolon epithelial cell antibodies (four hour assay) and the disease activity (p less than 0.01). Absorption studies showed that the reactive antigen is not specific for @entity31 colonic tissue, but is similarly found in @entity30 , and to a lower extent in normal bowel, liver and kidney. The reactive antigen, however, could not be detected in brain and lymphoblastoid cells.

title: @entity31 specific cytotoxic IgG-autoantibodies against XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis']

entities_list: @entity3407 :: ('MESH:D002857', 'Chemical') :: ['chromium']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["Crohn's bowel tissue", "Crohn's", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colonic epithelial cancer']


abstract: @entity53 was applied ocularly to menstruating and postmenopausal @entity1 . The absorption by blood was measured. A rapid increase of both @entity53 and @entity1815 was seen with higher plasma levels in the menstruating group, possibly due to a better conjunctival circulation. Twenty-one @entity2608 were given @entity53 suspension or solution ocularly or nasally. The absorption by blood and cerebrospinal fluid was measured and compared to intravenous injection of 0.5 mg @entity53 . @entity53 increased in plasma after 1'. Maxima were reached at 15'. @entity53 solution gave higher plasma levels than @entity53 suspension. At 5' they amounted to the levels found after i.v. injection. The @entity53 levels in cerebrospinal fluid never exceeded the corresponding plasma levels and were generally low. The increase in cerebrospinal fluid was thought to be secondary to the raised plasma levels.

title: 17 beta-estradiol levels in blood and cerebrospinal fluid after ocular and nasal administration in @entity1 and female XXXX ( @entity2608 ).

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['Estradiol', '17 beta-estradiol', 'estradiol']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkeys']


abstract: We report the case of a 23-year-old @entity1 with @entity2418 ( @entity2418 ) and a history of @entity716 and @entity410 . She had been treated with conventional antipsychotic and antiepileptic drugs for 10 and 3 years, respectively. However, she continued to experience occasional @entity1833 and paroxysmal jerking of the extremities. @entity38171 500 mg b.i.d. (later reduced to 250 mg t.i.d.) was added to her regimen. @entity1833 and @entity410 stopped shortly. Over the course of approximately 1 year, the previous medications were discontinued without recurrence of @entity716 and @entity302 symptoms. Eventually, improved mental functions and behaviour enabled her transition from living in a licensed residential facility to sharing a private residence with a partner. @entity2418 is associated with haploinsufficiency of @entity2922 -methyltransferase, leading to excessive extraneuronal @entity2922 concentrations. Alpha-Methyldopa inhibits @entity2922 neurotransmission in a variety of ways. It is possible that the drug compensated for genetically disturbed @entity2922 transmission thus achieving beneficial effects in this case.

title: Replacement of antipsychotic and antiepileptic medication by @entity38171 in a XXXX with @entity2418 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations', 'Hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2418 :: ('MESH:D004062', 'Disease') :: ['VCFS', 'velocardiofacial syndrome']

entities_list: @entity38171 :: ('CHEBI:61058', 'Chemical') :: ['L-alpha-methyldopa']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['woman']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity10 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity131 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity10 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity542 and blast @entity19 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity9251 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity1372 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity542 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity130 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity9251 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity542 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity1 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity9251 may not involve @entity450 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild @entity131 in @entity19 : Potential implications for post-traumatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma', 'head injury']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['inhibition of dural MC degranulation']

entities_list: @entity9251 :: ('MESH:D018170', 'Chemical') :: ['sumatriptan']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity10 :: (MESH:D006261,Disease) :: ['headache']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate a corneal impression membrane (CIM) for isolation of bacteria, fungi and acanthamoeba in suspected @entity1036 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 presenting with suspected @entity1036 were included. For each @entity1 , samples were collected in a random order using a surgical blade and a 4-mm-diameter @entity736 CIM disc, and transported in brain heart infusion broth. Risk factors, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), size, location, depth and healing time of the @entity1066 were recorded. The microbial isolation rate was used to compare sampling methods. RESULTS: 130 @entity1 were included (mean age 62.6   years, SD 19.0). An antimicrobial had been used prior to presentation in 36 (27.7%) @entity1 . Mean major and minor @entity1066 diameters were 2.1   mm (SD 2.0) and 1.6   mm (SD 1.7). Mean healing time was 12.4   days (SD 13.6). BCVA at presentation and following healing was 0.7 (SD 0.7) and 0.62 (SD 0.7) (p=0.34). There were 66 isolates (50.8%); 53 (40.8%) using a CIM and 35 (26.9%) using a blade (p=0.02). @entity794 and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the commonest isolates. Isolation rate was not influenced by organism type, although in four cases Acanthamoeba spp. were isolated; three using CIM and one a blade. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the isolation of microorganisms from cases of suspected @entity1036 was significantly higher using a CIM than a surgical blade. A CIM may be a useful alternative or addition for sample collection in @entity1036 .

title: Impression membrane for the diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['microbial keratitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity736 :: ('CHEBI:53251', 'Chemical') :: ['polytetrafluoroethylene']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['microbial keratitis']


abstract: Superior insights into molecular mechanisms of @entity1578 , which are not fully understood, will help strategies for inducing @entity409 . We examined hepatotoxic mechanisms in @entity19 homozygous for the severe combined @entity3230 mutation in the protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic polypeptide. @entity19 were treated with @entity1215 , @entity3174 , and @entity6560 . The ensuing @entity879 was characterized by serological, histological, and mRNA studies. Subsequently, we studied whether transplantation of hepatocytes could rescue animals with @entity1578 . We found extensive @entity409 in these animals, with mortality over several days. The expression of multiple hepatic genes was rapidly altered, including those representing pathways in oxidative/metabolic stress, @entity32 , DNA damage-repair, and @entity1129 mutant ( @entity2155 ) signaling pathways. This led to liver cell growth arrest involving cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A. Transplantation of hepatocytes with microcarriers in the peritoneal cavity efficiently rescued animals with @entity1578 . @entity74 rapidly reversed, including in hepatic @entity2155 and downstream signaling pathways; and residual hepatocytes overcame cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A-induced cell growth arrest. Reseeding of the liver with transplanted hepatocytes was not required for rescue because native hepatocytes overcame cell growth-arrest to regenerate the liver. This likely resulted from paracrine signaling from hepatocytes in the peritoneal cavity. We concluded that @entity2155 signaling played critical roles in the pathological features of @entity1578 . These studies should help redirect examination of pathophysiologic and therapeutic mechanisms in @entity1578 .

title: Perturbations in @entity1129 mutant signaling pathways after drug-induced XXXX and their reversal during rescue of animals by cell therapy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6560 :: ('MESH:D016686', 'Chemical') :: ['monocrotaline']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver regeneration', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['liver failure']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia telangiectasia']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Molecular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity3230 :: ('MESH:C565469', 'Disease') :: ['immune deficiency']

answer: @entity879 :: (MESH:D017114,Disease) :: ['acute liver failure']


abstract: @entity3645 are believed to play a role in the etiology of @entity14 , and high fecal excretion of secondary @entity3645 was correlated with increased incidence of @entity694 . Recently, it was also reported that there is an increase in plasma of the secondary @entity6741 , @entity6743 in @entity1 with @entity2513 . Since @entity6743 is formed in the colon and absorbed into the portal systemic circulation, it was suggested that the blood concentration of this @entity6741 reflects the level of exposure of colonic cells to @entity6743 . The objective of this study was to investigate whether plasma @entity6743 level represents the fecal content of this @entity6741 in several animal species with different @entity6741 composition and @entity6743 contribution to the @entity6741 pool. Eight @entity95 , hamsters, @entity840 , and @entity35 were used in this study. Blood samples and feces were collected on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. Bile samples were obtained only on day 7. The plasma, fecal and biliary @entity3645 were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. @entity6741 composition and @entity6743 content varied greatly between the animal species studied. There was a variation in the concentration of total @entity3645 in the plasma and feces obtained at different times during the experiments, however, the @entity3645 profile remained constant throughout the study. The data obtained shows that although plasma @entity6741 profile was not similar to fecal @entity3645 profile, however, there was a significant correlation between the level of plasma and fecal @entity6743 . Plasma @entity6743 concentration might be a reliable biomarker for the degree of exposure of colon cells to this @entity6741 , and may be useful in further studies on the role of secondary @entity3645 in @entity694 .

title: Biliary, fecal and plasma XXXX in @entity95 , hamster, @entity840 , and @entity35 : comparative study and implication in @entity694 .

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid', 'Bile acid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['Bile acids', 'bile acids']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinogenesis', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity6743 :: ('MESH:D003840', 'Chemical') :: ['deoxycholic acid']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity6743 :: (MESH:D003840,Chemical) :: ['deoxycholic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: Pharmacologic conversion of @entity955 and flutter (AF/AFl) is common with dofetilide. We determined whether pharmacologic conversion with dofetilide predicts long-term @entity943 -free survival. METHODS: We retrospectively studied a cohort of 264 consecutive @entity1 who initiated dofetilide during persistent AF/AFl between 2008 and 2013. @entity1 were excluded if dofetilide was discontinued prior to five doses or electrical cardioversion was performed prior to four doses. Incidence of and characteristics associated with pharmacologic conversion were determined. @entity1 were followed for long-term AF/AFl recurrence. Predictors of recurrence were identified using multivariate Cox modeling. RESULTS: Of 205 @entity1 meeting study criteria, 92 (44.9  %) converted to sinus rhythm during dofetilide loading. Female gender, history of AFl, greater number of prior catheter ablations, shorter duration of current AF/AFl, and presentation in AFl were all associated with acute pharmacologic conversion (p   =   0.001, 0.05, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.003, respectively). In multivariate modeling, longer time since first AF/AFl diagnosis (hazard ratio (HR)   =   1.07 per 1-year increase, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.10, p   <   0.001), longer duration of current AF/AFl episode (HR   =   1.01 per 1-month increase, 95  % CI 1.00-1.01, p   =   0.003) and greater number of failed antiarrhythmic drugs (HR   =   1.43 per one drug increase, 95  % CI 1.20-1.70, p   <   0.001) were independently associated with shorter time to AF/AFl recurrence. Pharmacologic conversion was not significantly associated with time to AF/AFl recurrence (HR   =   0.79, 95  % CI 0.57-1.10, p   =   0.2). CONCLUSIONS: Acute pharmacologic conversion of persistent AF/AFl to sinus rhythm frequently occurs during dofetilide loading. Nevertheless, acute pharmacologic conversion does not predict long-term @entity943 control, which was moderate at best.

title: Acute conversion of persistent XXXX during dofetilide loading does not predict long-term @entity955 -free survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

answer: @entity955 :: (MESH:D001281,Disease) :: ['atrial fibrillation']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study is aimed to evaluate the role of 14% nonexpansile concentration of @entity16681 ( @entity38096 ) gas in the management of acute @entity4 in @entity2687 . DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized, comparative, interventional case series. @entity1 AND CONTROLS: The study group consisted of 62 eyes of 57 @entity1 and the control group included 90 eyes of 82 @entity1 with acute corneal @entity4 who presented within 30 days of onset of symptoms. INTERVENTION: @entity1 in the control group underwent a single intracameral injection of 0.1 mL of nonexpansile concentration (14%) of @entity38096 gas. @entity1 in the control group were treated conservatively. @entity1 in both groups were followed regularly for 12.6  7.7 and 13.4  8.3 months in the study and control groups, respectively, and assessed clinically for complete disappearance of epithelial and stromal @entity4 on slit-lamp biomicroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was mean time to resolution of @entity3279 , which was calculated both from the date of onset of @entity4 and the date of initiation of therapy to the date of resolution in days. RESULTS: The overall time to resolution both from the date of onset of symptoms (90.5  55.8 vs 125  68.9 days; P = 0.0005) and from the date of initiation of therapy (78.7  53.2 vs 117.9  68.2 days; P = 0.0001) was significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group. However, on subgroup analysis a significant difference in the resolution time was found only in eyes with @entity9042 (P<0.0001). No difference in the resolution time was seen in eyes with pellucid marginal @entity528 (PMCD) or keratoglobus. The main complication of this procedure was reversible @entity616 (16%; P<0.0001). There was no difference in the final visual acuity or endothelial cell counts between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intracameral @entity38096 gas in a nonexpansile concentration is a useful modality for faster resolution of @entity3279 in @entity1 with acute corneal @entity4 and @entity9042 , and its role in the treatment of PMCD and keratoglobus needs further evaluation.

title: Intracameral @entity16681 gas in the treatment of acute corneal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['hydrops', 'edema']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity16681 :: ('MESH:C042852', 'Chemical') :: ['perfluoropropane']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal ectasias']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['corneal degeneration']

entities_list: @entity3279 :: ('MESH:D015715', 'Disease') :: ['corneal edema']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['pupillary block']

answer: @entity4 :: (MESH:D004487,Disease) :: ['hydrops']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although diagnosis is a central issue in medical care, in psychiatry its value is still controversial. The function of diagnosis is to indicate treatments and to help clinicians take better care of @entity1 . The fundamental role of diagnosis is to predict outcome and prognosis. To date serious concern persists regarding the clinical utility and predictive validity of the diagnosis system in psychiatry, which is at the most syndromal. @entity161 and @entity162 , which nosologists consider two distinct disorders, are the most discussed @entity146 illnesses. Recent findings in different fields of @entity146 research, such as neuroimaging, neuropathology, neuroimmunology, neuropsychology and genetics, have led to other conceptualizations. Individuals with @entity161 or @entity162 vary greatly with regard to symptoms, illness course, treatment response, @entity73 and biological correlates. In fact, it is possible to find heterogeneous correlates even within the same syndrome, i.e., from one stage of the disorder to another. Thus, it is possible to identify different subsyndromes, which share some clinical and neurobiological characteristics. The main goal of modern psychiatry is to ovethrow these barriers and to obtain a better understanding of the biological profiles underlying heterogeneous clinical features and thus reduce the variance and lead to a homogeneous definition. The translational research model, which connects the basic neuroscience research field with clinical experience in psychiatry, aims to investigate different neurobiological features of syndromes and of the shared neurobiological features between two syndromes. In fact, this approach should help us to better understand the neurobiological pathways underlying clinical entities, and even to distinguish different, more homogeneous, diagnostic subtypes.

title: @entity161 and XXXX : The road from similarities and clinical heterogeneity to neurobiological types.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive and functional impairment']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia', 'Schizophrenia']

answer: @entity162 :: (MESH:D001714,Disease) :: ['bipolar disorder']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review blood pressure targets and their implementation in @entity295 . DESIGN: Review of the hemodynamic intervention trials in @entity295 . MAIN RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Explicit blood pressure targets have been recommended for septic @entity1 . The Surviving Sepsis Guidelines recommend vasopressors to achieve and maintain a mean arterial blood pressure of at least 65 mm Hg in @entity1 not responding to initial fluid resuscitation. @entity1 remaining @entity551 despite efforts to increase blood pressure have up to twice as high mortality as those whose @entity551 can be corrected with fluids and vasopressors. The actual blood pressure targets and their implementation are the main determinants of the @entity1 's exposure to vasopressors. Several randomized controlled trials on hemodynamic interventions in septic shock show that @entity1 continue to receive vasopressors despite the fact that blood pressure targets have been exceeded, and thus vasopressors should be reduced. Accordingly, @entity1 are likely to be exposed to higher amounts of vasopressors and over longer periods of time than would be necessary if the predefined targets would be strictly implemented. Post hoc analyses suggest that in @entity1 without refractory @entity551 , the cumulative vasopressor load is independently associated with mortality. Accordingly, reduction of exposure to vasopressors has the potential of improving outcomes. This can be achieved by adhering to the lower currently proposed blood pressure limits. In addition, the lowest tolerable blood pressure levels should be reevaluated.

title: Should we target blood pressure in XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['sepsis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Design: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) is frequently employed for the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity977 . We describe our use of FSRT for the treatment of large, invasive, nonfunctioning @entity977 (NFPAs). Methods: Sixty-eight @entity1 with a large residual or recurrent NFPAs were treated between April 2004 and December 2012, including 39 males and 29 females (median age 51 years). @entity227 were present in 34 @entity1 , consisting of @entity227 (n=31) and/or reduced visual acuity (n=12). Forty-five @entity1 had evidence of @entity4614 before FSRT. For most of the @entity1 , the treatment was delivered through 5-10 noncoplanar conformal fixed fields using a 6-MV linear accelerator to a dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Results: At a median follow-up of 75 months (range 12-120 months), the 5-year and 10-year actuarial local control were 97% and 91%, respectively, and overall survival 97% and 93%, respectively. Forty-nine @entity1 had a @entity5 reduction, 16 remained stable, and 3 progressed. The relative @entity5 volume reduction measured using three-dimensional (3-D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was 47%. The treatment was well tolerated with minimal acute @entity137 . Eighteen @entity1 developed @entity4614 . The actuarial incidence of new @entity4611 was 40% at 5 years and 72% at 10 years. No other radiation-induced complications occurred. Conclusions: Our results suggest that FSRT is an effective treatment for large or giant @entity977 with @entity137 .

title: Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for large and invasive non-functioning XXXX : long-term clinical outcomes and volumetric MRI assessment of @entity5 response.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['Visual defects', 'visual field defects']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['low toxicity', 'toxicity']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['anterior pituitary deficits']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['partial or total hypopituitarism', 'partial or complete hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: It is unclear to what extent law enforcement officers (LEOs) experience increased prevalence of @entity65 (CVD; defined as @entity301 , @entity583 , @entity951 , or @entity64 ) and, if so, whether perceived stress affects this relationship. First, self-reported CVD risk factors among currently employed male LEOs from 9 states (n = 2818) were compared to CVD risk factors among similarly-aged males with similar incomes in the same states (n = 8046). Second, CVD prevalence was compared among LEOs (n = 1791) and similarly-aged males with similar incomes (n = 2575) from four of these states. Finally, among the LEOs only, the possible effect of perceived stress on the relationship between CVD prevalence and CVD risk factors was assessed. LEOs reported higher prevalence of @entity101 , @entity1007 , @entity286 use, and elevated body mass index. CVD prevalence did not differ significantly between the LEO group and the general population (2.3% +/- 15% versus 3.1% +/- 17%; P = 0.095). In the LEO-only group, the best predictors of CVD were: time in the profession (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.03-1.11), perceived stress (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.00-1.10), and @entity101 (OR = 0.33; 95% CI = 0.18-0.62). In the LEO-only group, perceived stress was associated with CVD (P = 0.008), and three CVD risk factors were significantly affected by perceived stress: @entity165 , @entity101 , and physical activity. Perceived stress was affected by duration of time in the profession (P = 0.004), independent of an age effect (P = 0.353). Among susceptible officers, perceived stress may contribute to CVD directly and through potentiating several CVD risk factors.

title: Relationship between XXXX morbidity, risk factors, and stress in a law enforcement cohort.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity65 :: (MESH:D002318,Disease) :: ['cardiovascular disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine combined with systemic chemotherapy and/or regional arterial perfusion for @entity788 with liver metastases (PCLM). METHODS: We retrospectively selected 292 @entity1 with PCLM who were treated by Chinese herbal medicine combined with systemic chemotherapy and/or regional arterial perfusion at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from January 2001 to December 2010. All @entity1 were assigned to the Western medicine treatment group (157 cases) and the integrative medicine treatment group (135 cases). @entity1 in the Western medicine treatment group were treated with @entity136 ( @entity14113 )-based chemotherapy, and partial of them received regional arterial perfusion. Those in the integrative medicine treatment group additionally took Chinese herbs of clearing heat and eliminating mass for at least 4 weeks. The @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) , adverse reactions and the incidence of complications were observed. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance in general data between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in @entity1349 between the two groups (4.8 months vs 5.5 months, P < 0.05). No @entity204 occurred during chemotherapy or regional arterial perfusion. All toxic or adverse reactions were tolerable. CONCLUSION: Chinese herbal medicine combined with systemic chemotherapy and/or regional arterial perfusion was effective and safe, and it could be optimally selected as palliative therapy for PCLM.

title: [A Retrospective Study of Chinese Herbal Medicine Combined with Systemic Chemotherapy and/or Regional Arterial Perfusion for XXXX with Liver Metastases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['median survival time', 'MST']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Cancer']


abstract: Conventional wisdom holds that @entity0 (with positive axillary nodes) is a late stage I (with negative axillary nodes). The use of direct (e.g., 5-year) survival analysis, has led to the concept that these stages reflect a "delay" in diagnosis. Controlled clinical trials and demographic @entity5 registries, in which life table analysis of survival is used, provide data that require that this concept be reconsidered and perhaps discarded. Survival data published by NSABP B04 and the Connecticut Tumor Registry show that deaths in both stages start shortly after diagnosis but show different annual rates of dying. The anticipated "delay" (lead time bias) is not seen. These rates are permanently and consistently different. The local recurrence rates occurring in the two stages are different. The clinical response to @entity440 in postmenopausal @entity1 and chemotherapy in premenopausal @entity1 has been shown to be different between the two stages. Histopathologic examination of the @entity5 shows the two stages to be different with respect to size of @entity5 at time of diagnosis and the presence of lymphatic and vascular invasion. The conclusion must be reached that the two stages represent variants of @entity0 ; stage II is not simply a late diagnosis of stage I.

title: XXXX is not simply a late stage I.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer', 'primary tumor']

entities_list: @entity440 :: ('MESH:D013629', 'Chemical') :: ['tamoxifen citrate']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['stage II breast cancer', 'breast cancer disease']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Stage II breast cancer']


abstract: At least two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown botulinum toxin type A (BtxA) to be efficacious and safe when used in the management of @entity508 in @entity1 . However, the need to use standard treatment protocols in these studies obscures some aspects of routine clinical practice that may have important effect on clinical outcomes. The purpose of this study was to seek additional information on the use of BtxA that is not usually captured by RCTs. This was performed by reviewing the clinical practice of practitioners in 17 treatment centres in Europe. The details of treatment with BtxA, including the dose, site and frequency of injections and the use of anaesthesia or sedation, were abstracted from the @entity1 's records. Information was also obtained on the response to treatment and the occurrence and severity of adverse events. The data on 758 @entity1 who received a total of 1,594 treatments in 17 different clinics in Europe were analysed. Ninety-four per cent of @entity1 had @entity306 . There was a general agreement on the indications for treatment but the average dose of BtxA used varied between centres. One treatment centre used general anaesthesia (GA) prior to injections in most @entity1 . The reported efficacy and adverse events profile was similar for all centres. The evidence from routine clinical practice for the efficacy and safety of BtxA in the management of @entity508 in @entity1 , as described in this study, is in agreement with that of most of the open-label and RCTs published to date. The present study also demonstrates the disagreement between clinicians on the optimal dose of BtxA for individual muscles and confirms that the injections can be carried out without GA in almost all cases.

title: Botulinum toxin in the management of childhood XXXX : comparison of clinical practice of 17 treatment centres.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity508 :: ('MESH:D009128', 'Disease') :: ['muscle spasticity']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity508 :: (MESH:D009128,Disease) :: ['muscle spasticity']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective   Eloquent diffuse low-grade @entity11 (LGGs) threaten @entity1 ' neurologic function and are also associated with inferior survival. Many neurosurgeons still refrain from early resection due to the fear of iatrogenic @entity16 . However, the perceived safety of expectant management strategies may soon be overshadowed by the progressive @entity5 growth in eloquent regions. It is also known that radical and successful surgery prolongs progression-free survival, overall survival, and may reduce @entity410 burden and also potentially neurocognitive functions. Thus early successful surgery with preservation of function has a significant impact on @entity1 ' health. In modern neurosurgery, safe resection is often possible with detailed knowledge of anatomy and function together with the active use of various intraoperative surgical tools. We present illustrative cases of eloquent LGGs treated with different intraoperative tools. Methods   An introduction to important intraoperative tools in LGG surgery is provided by experts in the field and described in five cases viewed in the context of the recent LGG literature. Results   We present five cases with presumed eloquently located LGGs where extensive resection was offered using different intraoperative techniques. The clinical and radiologic outcomes are described. Conclusions   Correct use of intraoperative tools together with the surgeon's knowledge of anatomy and function will provide good functional and oncologic results in eloquently located LGGs. Watchful waiting or deferral of surgery due to @entity5 location (i.e., claiming inoperability) is very rarely good practice.

title: Surgical Management of Eloquent Supratentorial XXXX with Special Emphasis on Intraoperative Imaging.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'deficits of tumor']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic injury']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas']

answer: @entity11 :: (MESH:D005910,Disease) :: ['Low-Grade Gliomas']


abstract: Cell encapsulation provides a method to circumvent the host immune system by encapsulating cells or tissues in immunoisolating, semipermeable membranes before implantation. The technology has been widely studied with an aim of developing bio-organs transplantable into @entity1 without the need of immunosuppression, and in @entity5 therapy, the principle of cell encapsulation may be further exploited. Encapsulated recombinant cells represent factories or bioreactors for the production of therapeutic proteins. By implanting the bioreactors in the vicinity of the @entity5 , long-term local de novo delivery of the therapeutic proteins may be achieved. Malignant @entity1313 such as @entity463 ( @entity463 ) remain highly lethal @entity5 , refractory to current therapies. Researchers and medical professionals are working on developing translational therapies to combat these aggressive @entity5 . Numerous clinical trials on gene therapy for @entity11 @entity1 have been conducted over the last decade, but the results have largely been disappointing. Cell encapsulation represents an alternative method for local delivery of therapeutic proteins with antineoplastic properties to @entity11 @entity1 . The concept has not yet reached clinical trials, but encouraging results have been achieved in @entity35 bearing @entity11 when implanting endostatin-secreting encapsulated cells into the @entity35 brain. This review primarily focuses on the recent progress that has been made with cell encapsulation technology. In addition, the challenges this field faces before clinical application in @entity1313 @entity1 is discussed.

title: Progress and challenges for cell encapsulation in XXXX therapy.

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumour', 'brain tumours']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'tumours', 'neoplasms', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity11 :: ('MESH:D005910', 'Disease') :: ['gliomas', 'glioma']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumour']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the value of @entity855 - @entity5 chemosensitivity assay ( @entity855 - @entity2974 ) in individualized treatment of recurrent @entity43 (REOC), and to evaluate the correlation between the in vitro chemosensitivity assay and clinical drug sensitivity. METHODS: Sixty-nine REOC specimens were tested by @entity855 - @entity2974 assay retrospectively. The @entity1 were divided into strong sensitive, moderate sensitively and resistant groups according to the @entity855 - @entity2974 assay results. The clinical results were evaluated according to imaging and serum @entity10224 analysis. The correlation between in vitro @entity855 - @entity2974 assay and clinical outcome was statistically analyzed by   (2) test. The progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of each group were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The results of @entity855 - @entity2974 assay had significant correlation with clinical outcome. The clinical chemotherapy outcome became better with increased drug sensitivity in vitro (  (2) = 9.066, P = 0.004). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy rate for @entity855 - @entity2974 method to predict the clinical chemotherapy sensitivity of REOC were 87.5%, 45.9%, 58.3%, 80.9% and 65.2%, respectively. The mean PFS of strong sensitive group, moderately sensitive group and resistant group were 187.1 days, 195.0 days and 60.3 days, respectively. The mean OS were 476.7, 335.7 and 237.5 days, respectively, following the start of @entity2974 -directed therapy. The PFS and OS of the two sensitivity groups in vitro were significantly longer than that of the in vitro-resistant group (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results of @entity855 - @entity2974 assay are well correlated with clinical treatment responses. The assay may be an important and useful method for individualized chemotherapy for recurrent @entity43 .

title: [Application of @entity855 - @entity5 chemosensitivity assay in recurrent XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer', 'epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7135 ( @entity7135 ) is life-threatening and can result in severe sequelae. In France, no data have been published on the costs of severe @entity7135 cases. Two realistic scenarios were developed with national experts (clinicians and social workers): a 6-year-old @entity1 with @entity18536 with amputation of both legs below the knee (case A) and a 3-year-old with @entity693 and severe neurological sequelae (case B). Additional scenarios included other typical sequelae of @entity7135 such as @entity740 ( @entity740 ), profound @entity2319 and @entity302 . Data on healthcare, disability, educational and other resource use were obtained from experts and families of @entity1 with similar sequelae. Unit costs (2013) were mainly obtained from the literature and the National Health Insurance (NHI). Time horizon was based on life expectancies of @entity1 (77 and 55 years, respectively). A 4% discount rate decreasing to 2% after 30 years was applied. Costs are presented from the perspective of the NHI, publicly funded organizations and @entity1 ' families or their private health insurances. @entity18536 with amputations is associated with a lifelong discounted cost of    768,875. Adding @entity740 doubles the amount (   1,480,545). @entity693 with severe neuro-cognitive sequelae results in a lifelong discounted cost of    1,924,475. Adding profound @entity2319 and @entity302 slightly increases the total cost (   2,267,251). The first year is the most expensive in both scenarios (   166,890 and    160,647 respectively). The main cost drivers for each scenario are prostheses and @entity1 /adult stays in healthcare facilities, respectively. Overall, @entity1 ' families or his private insurance had to pay around 13% of total cost (101,833    and 258,817   , respectively). This study fills a gap in the body of knowledge on @entity7135 sequelae care and lifetime costs in France. The potentially high economic burden of @entity7135 , in addition to its physical, psychological and social burden, reinforces the need for prevention.

title: Lifetime cost of XXXX in France: Scenarios of severe @entity693 and septicemia with @entity18536 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity18536 :: ('MESH:D055665', 'Disease') :: ['purpura fulminans']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['Meningitis', 'meningitis']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity7135 :: ('MESH:D008589', 'Disease') :: ['IMD', 'Invasive meningococcal disease']

answer: @entity7135 :: (MESH:D008589,Disease) :: ['meningococcal disease']


abstract: Platelet-associated IgG (PA IgG) of washed platelets of 20 normal controls and 45 @entity882 @entity1 was measured by radioimmunoassay and related to total platelet protein content. Mean values (+/- 2 SD) for 20 normals were 4.4 +/- 3.5 fg IgG per platelet (fg IgG/pl), 2.1 +/= 1.0 pg protein per platelet (pg protein/pl) and a ratio of IgG per g platelet protein of 2.1 +/- 1.8 mg IgG/g protein. @entity1 could be divided into two groups: Group I (31) with normal IgG/g protein ratios and either normal (16) or raised (15) fg IgG/pl, and Group II (14) with both fg IgG/pl and IgG/g protein raised. Of the 21 @entity1 with @entity882 ( @entity882 ), 13 were in Group I (seven with raised and six with normal fg IgG/pl), and eight in Group II. There was significant correlation between PA IgG (fg IgG/pl) and platelet protein for the entire Group I (r = 0.95, P less than 0.001). The @entity882 @entity1 in this group showed a similar correlation (r = 0.77, P less than 0.001), suggesting that raised PA IgG levels in Group I @entity1 may be a result of protein-rich platelets. 60-90% of PA IgG was found in the soluble fraction of lysates of platelets from both normals and @entity1 . Thus, it is either non-specifically associated with platelets or is antibody directed towards easily solubilized platelet antigens. Nine @entity882 @entity1 without @entity1200 had raised PA IgG. These results question the assumption that raised PA IgG always indicates specific antiplatelet antibody.

title: Relationship of raised platelet IgG in XXXX to total platelet protein content.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune disorders']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['ITP', 'thrombocytopenic', 'idiopathic thrombocytopenia']

answer: @entity882 :: (MESH:D013921,Disease) :: ['thrombocytopenia']


abstract: @entity15929 ( @entity15929 ) analysis represents a recent echocardiographic technique for evaluating the textural and functional state of the right ventricular (RV) myocardium. We undertook our study to (1) define the potential impact of age or morphometric parameters (height, weight, and body surface area) on RV @entity15929 indexes, and (2) compare RV @entity15929 data among normal subjects and @entity1 with different conditions of RV overload. We studied 34 @entity1 (mean age 14.6 +/- 4.7 years) divided into 3 groups: 14 @entity1 with RV @entity1284 related to moderate to large @entity118 (group I); (2) 10 @entity1 with RV pressure overload due to transposition of the great arteries after the Mustard procedure (group II); and (3) 10 @entity1 with RV volume and pressure overload due to @entity338 and @entity850 after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (group III). In addition, 20 @entity1 with structurally normal hearts were enrolled as the control group. The 4 groups were comparable with regard to age and morphometric parameters. @entity15929 parameters were assessed as the magnitude of cyclic variation, determined as the difference between peak and nadir @entity15929 values and the averaged @entity296 intensity. In the control group and group I, @entity15929 parameters did not change significantly with age, height, weight, and body surface area. In contrast, in groups II and III, a significant correlation was found between cyclic variation and age at the study (p = 0.021, r = -0.71, and p = 0.006, r = -0.79, respectively). Furthermore, compared with the control group, cyclic variation and @entity15929 intensity were significantly different only in groups II (p = 0.01 and p = 0.006, respectively) and III (both p <0.0001) but not in group I (p = 0.23 and p = 0.38, respectively). The lowest values of cyclic variation and the highest values of intensity were detected in group III @entity1 . Thus, our data suggest that (1) in normal subjects, there is no correlation between RV @entity15929 indexes and age or any morphometric parameters, and (2) @entity15929 analysis is able to noninvasively detect differences in myocardial functional and textural properties in the presence of different conditions of RV overload.

title: Backscatter evaluation of myocardial functional and textural findings in XXXX with right ventricular pressure and/or @entity1284 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial IBS']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity15929 :: ('MESH:C565771', 'Disease') :: ['Integrated backscatter', 'IBS']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: Serotonergic single-unit activity during glucoregulatory challenges was studied in the nuclei raphe obscurus (NRO) and raphe pallidus (NRP) of freely moving @entity468 . Systemic @entity15165 administration (2-4 IU/kg, i.v.) suppressed neuronal activity by approximately 40% in direct relationship to blood @entity413 levels and in inverse relationship to plasma @entity2922 levels. NRO and NRP serotonergic neurons displayed a temporary recovery in unit activity in response to i.v. @entity413 administration (500 mg/kg), which temporarily reversed @entity15165 -induced @entity4053 . The neuronal responses to @entity15165 and subsequent @entity413 administration were also directly related to changes in integrated nuchal electromyographic activity. Serotonergic unit activity remained unchanged after @entity413 loading (500 mg/kg, i.v.), which produced a four-fold increase in blood @entity413 . Thus, medullary serotonergic neurons appear to be sensitive to reductions, but not increases, in blood @entity413 . The observed inverse relationship between unit activity and plasma @entity2661 does not support a postulated sympathoexcitatory role for these neurons. Instead, the parallel changes in single-unit activity and integrated muscle activity support the hypothesis that the activity of medullary serotonergic neurons is linked to motor output. These neurons may modulate autonomic outflow, but only in relationship to their primary role in motor control. Finally, medullary serotonergic neurons may play a protective role in maintaining @entity413 homeostasis by disfacilitating the output of the somatomotor system, and hence diminishing muscle energy demands, when peripheral @entity413 availability is low.

title: XXXX -induced @entity4053 decreases single-unit activity of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons in freely moving @entity468 : relationship to sympathetic and motor output.

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity15165 :: (493804(Tax:9685),Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the sterilization effectiveness on uterine tube of @entity95 by the @entity3080 adhesive. METHODS: Hysteroscopy tubal catheterization was performed randomly in 12 animals (24 uterine tubes) assigned to the sham group (GS) and 15 animals (30 uterine tubes) to the @entity7548 (GB). The female @entity95 were observed during 30, 90 and 180 days and mated to fertile males. The no pregnant @entity95 were submitted to in vitro burst pressure test for patency by air insufflation (40 mmHg). The microscopic assessment was performed to parameters of damages in epithelium caused by the adhesive, the degree of inflammatory process, morphometry data values of tube diameter (UT) (cm), @entity12520 ( @entity121 ) (mm). The mucosa cells densitometry (total optical density) was expressed by the amount of DNA. The significance of the differences in histological scores and in thickness measurements were made by ANOVA test (P value < 0.05). RESULTS: In all animals of GB: the adhesive was attached to the mucosa; there was no pregnancy; no records of significant degree on inflammatory process; the patency test was negative and densitometry of DNA showed similar values to the both groups independently of observation periods. The layers thickness of GB-UT(1.118 +/- 0.117), GB-MT(0.447+/-0.247) and GB- @entity121 (0.853+/-0.097) were larger than the GS-UT(0.666+/-0.409), GS-MT(0.211+/-0.070) and GS- @entity121 (0.442+/-0.143). CONCLUSION: This approach offers a safe and feasible method of uterine tube obstruction.

title: Hysteroscopy and @entity7548 on experimental sterilization of XXXX uterine tubes.

entities_list: @entity3080 :: ('MESH:D003487', 'Chemical') :: ['cyanoacrylate']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity12520 :: ('MESH:C535655', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa thickness (MT) and the myosalpinx thickness']

entities_list: @entity7548 :: ('MESH:D004659', 'Chemical') :: ['n-butyl-cyanoacrylate']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: AIM: Choledocholithiasis is present in 5 to 10 percent of @entity1 who have @entity2963 . In the area of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) have been used to treat @entity2877 . The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and hospital costs of LCBDE with IOES. METHODS: Between November 1999 and October 2002, @entity1 with @entity2877 undergoing LC plus LCBDE (Group A, n=45) were retrospectively compared to those undergoing LC plus IOES (Group B, n=57) at a single institution. RESULTS: Ductal stone clearance rates were equivalent for the two groups (88% versus 89%, P=0.436). The conversion rate was higher for Group B (8.8% versus 4.4%, P=0.381), as was the morbidity (12.3% versus 6.7%, P=0.336). There were no other significant differences between the two groups. The complications were mainly related to endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), and the hospital costs were significantly increased in this subset of Group B (median, 23,910 versus 14,955 RMB yuan, P=0.03). Although hospital stay was longer in Group A (median, 7 versus 6 days, P=0.041), the @entity1 in Group A had a significantly decreased cost of hospitalization compared with those in Group B (median, 11,362 versus 15,466 RMB yuan, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate equivalent ductal stone clearance rates for the two groups. LCBDE management appears safer, and is associated with a significantly decreased hospital cost. The findings suggest LCBDE for @entity2877 is a better option.

title: Management of XXXX : comparison between laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity2877 :: (MESH:D042883,Disease) :: ['choledocholithiasis']