abstract: INTRODUCTION: generalized tonic clonic (GTC) @entity410 activity because of central nerve system oxygen @entity137 is a rare but recognized effect of HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy). Almost all case reports and database analyses about the relationship between @entity410 activity and HBOT point out that GTC @entity410 and @entity159 are more likely to occur as a result of the treatment and there are only few reports demonstrating partial @entity410 . CASE REPORT: an 87-year-old male @entity1 was admitted to our clinic because of tonic-clonic contractions on his left arm. He was under HBOT because of a decubitis @entity1066 . After repeated exposures to hyperbaric oxygen, he had contractions on his left arm. He was diagnosed as focal motor status. There was no evidence of acute @entity63 or @entity66 on brain magnetic resonance imaging. IV phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) 20 mg/kg was given over 30 minutes and continued orally with phenytoin at a dose of 300 mg/d. He had no subsequent @entity410 . CONCLUSION: GTC @entity410 or @entity159 as a result of GTC @entity410 are more common than focal @entity410 as neurologic complications of HBOT. Partial @entity410 as a neurologic complication of HBOT have rarely been reported and to our knowledge, this is the first case which is characterized by focal @entity159 induced by HBOT.

title: Focal XXXX induced by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['mass lesion']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

answer: @entity159 :: (MESH:D013226,Disease) :: ['status epilepticus']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) is a biomechanically and anatomically complex region that has traditionally posed problems for surgical access. In this retrospective study, we describe our clinical experiences of the treatment of metastatic @entity5 at the CTJ and the results. METHODS: From June 2006 to December 2011, 23 @entity1 who underwent surgery for @entity5 involving the CTJ were enrolled in our study. All of the @entity1 were operated on through the posterior approach, and extent of resection was classified as radical, debulking, and simple neural decompression. Adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) was also considered. Visual analog scale score for @entity158 assessment and Medical Research Council (MRC) grade for motor weakness were used, while pre- and post-operative performance status was evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG). RESULTS: Almost all of the @entity1 were operated using palliative surgical methods (91.3%, 21/23). Ten complications following surgery occurred and revision was performed in four @entity1 . Of the 23 @entity1 of this study, 22 showed significant @entity158 relief according to their visual analogue scale scores. Concerning the aspect of neurological and functional recovery, mean MRC grade and ECOG score was significantly improved after surgery (p<0.05). In terms of survival, @entity1161 had a significant role. Median overall survival was 124 days after surgery, and the adjuvant- @entity1161 group (median 214 days) had longer survival times than prior- @entity1161 (63 days) group. CONCLUSION: Although surgical procedure in CTJ may be difficult, we expect good clinical results by adopting a palliative posterior surgical method with appropriate preoperative preparation and postoperative treatment.

title: Surgical management with @entity1161 for metastatic XXXX located on cervicothoracic junction : a single center study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['spinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['spinal tumors']


abstract: Eleven @entity1 with left @entity4615 in a ten-year period were reviewed. They ranged from 16 to 69 years old. Eight @entity1 were female. All @entity5 were located in the left atrium; one @entity1 had @entity5 . The main clinical presentation was @entity712 seen in eight @entity1 . Ten @entity1 had a correct pre-operative diagnosis. Echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis in seven @entity1 , angiocardiography in two and cardiac catheterization in one. All @entity5 were successfully removed with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass and using a right atriotomy and trans-septal approach. Two @entity1 underwent concomitant saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass. There were no operative deaths. Excision of the @entity5 resulted in marked symptomatic improvement. There have been no recurrences. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.

title: Surgery of left XXXX . Report of eleven cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'multiple tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity4615 :: (MESH:C538262,Disease) :: ['atrial myxomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Psychosis with first onset after the age of 60 arising in the absence of @entity303 or primary @entity1316 is thought to affect 2-4% of older @entity1 . Up to half will not respond fully to medication.The subjective experience of living with late-onset @entity716 (LOP) has not yet been considered and this study represents a preliminary attempt to explore the subjective experience and psychological features of older @entity1 living with LOP. METHOD: The study was conducted in Ireland. Seven @entity1 between the ages of 67 and 87 years who met diagnostic criteria for very late-onset @entity161 -like @entity716 were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. @entity1 spoke about previous life experiences as well as the experience of developing and living with LOP. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to identify common themes within their accounts. RESULTS: Four themes emerged which reflected @entity1 ' subjective experiences of earlier life stages as well as their current experiences of LOP. Three interrelated themes described @entity1 ' experiences of social isolation, a solitary coping style and the experience of the self as 'different'. A final theme reflected @entity1 ' attempts to explain and find meaning in their @entity716 experiences. CONCLUSIONS: Results support the view that the experience of LOP emerges in the context of psychosocial vulnerabilities combined with adversities associated with the experience of ageing.

title: 'Not of this world': the subjective experience of late-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1316 :: ('MESH:D019964', 'Disease') :: ['affective disorder']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic', 'psychosis']

answer: @entity716 :: (MESH:D011605,Disease) :: ['psychosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EUROCARE study collects and analyses survival data from population-based @entity5 registries (CRs) in Europe in order to provide data on between-country differences in survival and time trends in survival. METHODS: This study analyses data on @entity96 , @entity1125 (" @entity1125 "), and @entity788 diagnosed in 2000-2007 from 88 CRs in 29 countries. Relative survival (RS) was estimated overall, by region, sex, age and period of diagnosis using the complete approach. Time trends in 5-year RS over 1999-2007 were also analysed using the period approach. RESULTS: The prognosis of the studied @entity5 was poor. Age-standardised 5-year RS was 12% for @entity96 , 17% for @entity1125 and 7% for @entity788 . There were some between-country differences in survival. In general, RS was low in Eastern Europe and high in Central and Southern Europe. For all sites, 5-year RS was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 and decreased with advancing age. No substantial changes in survival were reported for @entity788 over the period 1999-2007. On average, there was a crude increase in 5-year RS of 3 percentage points between the periods 1999-2001 and 2005-2007 for @entity96 and @entity1125 . CONCLUSIONS: The major changes in imaging techniques over the study period for the diagnosis of the three studied @entity5 did not result in an improvement in the prognosis of these @entity5 . In the near future, new innovative treatments might be the best way to improve the prognosis in these @entity5 .

title: Survival in @entity1 with primary @entity96 , @entity1125 and XXXX in Europe 1999-2007: Results of EUROCARE-5.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1125 :: ('MESH:D001661', 'Disease') :: ['gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract cancers', 'biliary tract cancers']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Three BRI protein family members have been identified. Among these are @entity9761 and @entity13017 , the latter is associated with Familial Danish and Familial British @entity303 . 'In silico' sequence analysis identified putative @entity13977 binding sites in @entity13017 and @entity9761 . This is singularly important, given that protein phosphorylation is a major mechanism regulating intracellular processes. @entity13977 ( @entity13977 ) interacting proteins (PIPs) are fundamental in determining substrate specificity and subcellular localization of this phosphatase. More than 200 PIPs have thus far been reported. Both @entity13017 and @entity9761 are type II transmembrane glycoproteins relevant in neuronal systems. Using Myc- @entity13017 and Myc- @entity9761 , wild type and @entity13977 binding mutant constructs, it was possible to show, for the first time, that in fact @entity13017 and @entity9761 bind @entity13977 . The complexes @entity13017 : @entity13977 and @entity9761 : @entity13977 were validated in vitro and in vivo. The subcellular distribution of @entity13017 and @entity9761 is similar; both localize to the perinuclear area and Golgi apparatus in non-neuronal cells. However, in SH-SY5Y cells, @entity13017 and @entity9761 could also be detected in elongated cellular projections ('processes') and in @entity35 cortical neurons both are broadly distributed throughout the cell body, @entity5013 and the nucleus. Consistently, co-localization of @entity13017 and @entity9761 with @entity13977 was evident. The functional significance of these complexes is apparent given that both BRI proteins are substrates of @entity13977 , thus simultaneously this is the first report of @entity13017 and @entity9761 as phosphoproteins. Moreover, we show that when @entity13017 is phosphorylated a significant increase in neuronal outgrowth and differentiation is evident. Interestingly, the Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein (APP), forms a trimeric complex composed of @entity13977 and Fe65, with @entity13977 having the capacity to dephosphorylate APP at Thr668 residue. The emerging consensus appears to be that @entity13977 containing complexes are crucial in regulating signaling events underlying neuropathological conditions.

title: XXXX and @entity9761 are functionally distinct phosphoproteins.

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementias']

entities_list: @entity13977 :: ('5464', 'Gene') :: ['PP1', 'Protein phosphatase 1']

answer: @entity13017 :: (9445,Gene) :: ['BRI2']


abstract: Shiga toxin-producing @entity526 (STEC) O157:H7 is an important food-borne pathogen that has been implicated in numerous disease outbreaks worldwide. Little is known about the extent and molecular basis of antimicrobial resistance in STEC O157:H7 of food origin. Therefore, the current study aimed to characterize the genetic basis of multidrug resistance in 54 STEC O157:H7 strains isolated from 1600 food samples (800 meat products and 800 dairy products) collected from different street venders, butchers, retail markets, and slaughterhouses in Egypt. Thirty-one of 54 (57.4%) isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotypes to at least three classes of antimicrobials. The highest incidence of antimicrobial resistance was to @entity7913 (96.8%), followed by @entity6760 (93.6%), @entity869 (90.3%), @entity3639 (87.1%), and @entity803 (80.6%). PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen and characterize integrons and antibiotic resistance genes, and 29.6% and 5.6% of isolates were positive for class 1 and class 2 integrons, respectively. b-Lactamase-encoding genes were identified in 63.0% of isolates as follows: @entity50784 and blaTEM-52 in 35.2% and 1.9% isolates respectively; blaCMY-2 in 13.0% isolates; blaCTX-M in 5.6% isolates; blaSHV-12 in 5.6% isolates; and blaOXA-1 in 1.9% isolate. The plasmid-mediated @entity1536 resistance genes were identified in 13.0% of isolates as follows: qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in 5.6%, 3.7%, and 3.7% isolates, respectively. Finally, the @entity21562 resistance gene floR was identified in 7.4% of isolates. This study demonstrated that meat and dairy products are potential sources of multidrug resistant STEC O157:H7. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of class 2 integrons, qnrB, qnrS, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in STEC O157:H7.

title: Molecular analysis of multidrug resistance in Shiga toxin-producing XXXX O157:H7 isolated from meat and dairy products.

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity21562 :: ('MESH:C035534', 'Chemical') :: ['florfenicol']

entities_list: @entity3639 :: ('MESH:D013307', 'Chemical') :: ['streptomycin']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity803 :: ('MESH:D013752', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracycline']

entities_list: @entity6760 :: ('MESH:D000198', 'Chemical') :: ['spectinomycin']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

entities_list: @entity1536 :: ('CHEBI:23765', 'Chemical') :: ['quinolone']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case study. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the remodeling potential of the kyphotic @entity1517 in the pediatric spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Nonsurgical reduction and immobilization is the gold standard for the @entity174 in infancy. However, the reduction occasionally results in incomplete repositioning of the odontoid process. The cervical spine is subsequently immobilized until fusion in most cases in the hope of achieving remodeling with the growth of the remaining displacement and kyphotic angulation, although there are no precise data on the acceptable limit of the deformity. METHODS: Three @entity1 (age at injury = 1 year 2 months to 3 years) with odontoid process @entity174 in infancy were treated conservatively and the @entity174 were observed on plain lateral radiographs until at least the age of 20 years. For evaluation of the angulated odontoid process, we used our original measurement method of the odontoid process tilting angle (OPTA). In addition, the OPTAs were also measured in 127 Japanese adult @entity1 (57 male @entity1 and 70 female @entity1 ; average age = 43 years) without a history of @entity174 , as normal controls. RESULTS: The OPTA in the normal controls was -21.4      23.3  . The OPTAs ranged from 41   to 62   at the initial evaluation, from 12   to 30   at the time of bony union, and from -4   to -14   at the final follow-up at more than 20 years of age, which were all within one standard deviation of the mean in the normal adult controls. CONCLUSION: @entity174 with the OPTA around 30   at the time of bony union in @entity1 younger than 3 years of age could have the capacity for remodeling to the normal morphology. No surgical reduction might be needed to recommend complete apposition of the odontoid process in the absence of severe or deteriorating @entity73 .

title: Remodeling capacity of @entity1517 in kyphotic angulation in infancy: an observation up to maturity in three XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neural impairment']

entities_list: @entity1517 :: ('MESH:D017759', 'Disease') :: ['malunited odontoid fracture']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'Angulated odontoid fractures', 'odontoid fracture', 'fracture']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: This report from the European Prospective Randomised Study presents 8 year results on survival and 5 year results on @entity583 and employment status. The 768 recruited @entity1 were all @entity1 under age 65 with mild or moderate @entity951 , 50% or greater stenosis in at least two major coronary arteries, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or greater. One "surgical" @entity1 was lost to follow-up immediately after randomization and is therefore excluded from the statistical analysis. Thus 394 @entity1 allocated to surgery were compared with 373 @entity1 allocated to medical treatment, regardless of what subsequently happened to the @entity1 . The policy of early surgery improved survival significantly compared with the conventional medical treatment policy in the total population (89% to 80%, respectively; p = .0013) and in the subgroup with @entity66 (92% and 77%, respectively; p = .00015). Reclassification of vessel disease by greater than 75% instead of 50% or greater stenosis as the criterion was undertaken to facilitate comparison of these results with those of other studies, which apply 70% or greater stenosis as the criterion of significant disease. Of the 767 @entity1 , a cohort of 711 were identified as having greater than 75% obstruction in one, two, or three vessels. A significant improvement in survival with surgery was found in the total cohort (89% and 80%, respectively; p = .0022), the subgroup with @entity66 (91% and 73%, respectively; p = .0044), and that with @entity16136 in which one of the diseased vessels was the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (90% and 79%, respectively; p = .013). There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatments in @entity1 with @entity66 and those with @entity16136 without @entity2791 . Four noninvasive prognostic variables were independently predictive of the effect of surgery: resting electrocardiogram (in 767 @entity1 ), ST segment response to exercise (in 656), history and physical signs of @entity3657 (in 722), and age (in 767). A reduction in @entity204 was entirely responsible for the improved survival with surgery. The incidence of @entity583 in the medical group (11%) was not significantly different from that in the surgical group (15%). Repeat angiography in 71 @entity1 showed 6% graft closure between 1 and 5 years of follow-up. Surgery did not influence the gradually increasing annual rate of retirement from work.

title: Survival, XXXX , and employment status in a prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity16136 :: ('MESH:D058529', 'Disease') :: ['two-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['one-vessel disease', 'three-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity2791 :: ('MESH:D012078', 'Disease') :: ['proximal LAD stenosis']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac deaths']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In-hospital @entity1167 (IHCA) has a poor prognosis and clinicians often write "Do-Not-Attempt-Resuscitation" (DNAR) orders based on co-morbidities. AIM: To assess the impact of the Age-combined Charlson Co-morbidity Index (ACCI) on 30-days survival after IHCA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All @entity1 suffering IHCA at Karolinska University Hospital between 1st January and 31st December 2014 were included. Data regarding @entity1 characteristics, co-morbidities and survival were drawn from the electronic @entity1 records. Co-morbidities were assessed prior to the IHCA as ICD-10 codes according to the ACCI. Differences in survival were assessed with adjusted logistic regression models and presented as Odds Ratios with 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95% CI) between @entity1 with an ACCI of 0-4 points versus those with 5-7 points, as well as those with >= 8 points. Adjustments included hospital site, heart rhythm, ECG surveillance, witnessed status and place of IHCA. RESULTS: In all, 174 @entity1 suffered IHCA, of whom 41 (24%) survived at least 30 days. @entity1 with an ACCI of 5-7 points had a minor chance and those with an ACCI of >= 8 points had a minimal chance of surviving IHCA compared to those with an ACCI of 0-4 points (adjusted OR 0.10, 95% CI 0.04-0.26 and OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.03-0.42, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity1 with a moderate or severe burden of ACCI have a minor chance of surviving an IHCA. This information could be used as part of the decision tools during ongoing CPR, and could be an aid for clinicians in planning care and discussing DNAR orders.

title: Survival after in-hospital XXXX is highly associated with the Age-combined Charlson Co-morbidity Index in a cohort study from a two-site Swedish University hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

answer: @entity1167 :: (MESH:D006323,Disease) :: ['cardiac arrest']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Anecdotal reports of increased libido and sexual function in @entity1 taking @entity3346 have led to its empirical use in @entity1 with @entity323 . A retrospective review of @entity1 -reported responses to @entity3346 was performed to outline the efficacy and side-effect profile of this agent. METHODS: Between 1989 and 1994, 182 @entity1 were placed on oral @entity3346 as empirical therapy for @entity323 . @entity1 ranged in age from 26 to 85 years, with a mean of 60 years. @entity1 were evaluated before receiving @entity3346 with a thorough medical history and physical examination. Known risk factors for @entity323 were assigned based on historical information and the findings of the examination. @entity1 received @entity3346 for at least 2 consecutive months, with daily doses starting at 25 mg. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were available for follow-up by a standardized questionnaire regarding perceived improvement in erectile function, sexual function, and side effects. In @entity1 less than 60 years of age, with no known risk factors for @entity323 , 21 of 27 (78%) showed significant improvement in erectile ability. Smokers and @entity1 older than 60 years with a history of significant @entity1095 responded poorly to @entity3346 therapy. The duration of @entity323 was inversely related to a response to @entity3346 . Of @entity1 with a duration of @entity323 less than 12 months, 48% reported a positive response. Only 16% of @entity1 with duration of @entity323 greater than 60 months reported improvement in erections and sexual function. @entity3346 was well tolerated by this population, with 62% reporting no side effects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limitations of a nonrandomized, retrospective study, @entity3346 appears to benefit younger @entity1 with @entity323 with few known risk factors. A prospective, placebo-controlled trial is needed to confirm the observations of this pilot study.

title: Oral XXXX as empirical therapy for @entity323 : a retrospective review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1095 :: ('MESH:D016491', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity3346 :: ('MESH:D014196', 'Chemical') :: ['Trazodone', 'trazodone']

answer: @entity3346 :: (MESH:D014196,Chemical) :: ['trazodone']


abstract: The translation initiation rate is greatly affected by the secondary structure of the translation initiation region (TIR) of mRNA. A novel system was established for improving the translation initiation rate of a foreign gene in @entity526 . As a model, the 5' 114 bp coding sequence (38 @entity1522 from the start codon) of @entity1 @entity1364 ( @entity1364 ) gene was fused with the lacZ' gene at its 5' end in vector pTZ19R. A Shine/Dalgarno (SD) sequence GAGGT was inserted to the -8 position of AUG by site-directed mutation. Then the flanking sequences of SD, which were the 6 @entity2036 upstream the SD and the 7 nucleotides between SD and AUG, were randomly changed by PCR using a synthetic primer with partially random sequences. This random mutation led to potential variations in the secondary structure of the TIR of mRNA through base pairing with the 5' coding sequence. The 5' @entity1364 -LacZ' mRNA could be efficiently and specifically transcribed by inducible T7 RNA polymerase in @entity526 JM 109 (DE3). There were 269 clones of 5' @entity1364 -LacZ' fusion plasmid selected first by the blue color on X-gal plate and then by hybridization with a 5' @entity1364 probe. Eight clones with different blue colors among the 269 clones were chosen for beta-galactosidase activity assay. The results showed that the difference between their enzyme activities was more than 20 fold, but there seemed no apparent difference at the transcription level as assayed by RNA dot hybridization, which suggested that the difference in the expression of the fusion protein was due to the different rate of translation initiation. Thus, by this strategy, an effective translation initiation region for the high expression of @entity1 @entity1364 gene in @entity526 was obtained.

title: A New Strategy for Optimizing the Translation Initiation Rate of Foreign Gene Expression in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1522 :: ('CHEBI:33709', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acids']

entities_list: @entity1364 :: ('5111', 'Gene') :: ['proliferating cell nuclear antigen', 'PCNA']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['E. coli', 'E. coli strain']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['E. coli']


abstract: Currently there is limited information on the indications for the use of cortical allograft for the treatment of @entity3564 on a stable stem. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the treatment and the results obtained in this type of @entity174 and propose a series of criteria for the use of cortical allograft. Between 2003 and 2008 a total of 31 periprosthetic femur @entity174 were treated at our institution. Twelve of them were classified as B1: 6 were treated with a Dall-Miles (Stryker) system plate and 6 with the same plate supplemented with a structural cortical allograft over the medial cortex of the femur ( @entity3918 and @entity3918 -Allo groups, respectively). An evaluation of the clinical and radiologic results was performed in the latest follow-up available. A @entity1 in the @entity3918 -Allo group had @entity397 of a screw and 10 degrees varization; the @entity174 healed despite this and the @entity1 had a satisfactory clinical course. The Oxford Hip Score was 9 points lower in the @entity3918 group compared with the @entity3918 -Allo group, and the EQ-5D health scale was 0.10 better for the @entity3918 group. The @entity3918 -Allo group had a longer hospital stay and more transfusion-related requirements. We think that the @entity1 with clinical or radiologic criteria of osteoporotic bone may benefit from the use of a cortical allograft to favor healing and increase the bone stock. However, those advantages should be weighed considering the higher risk of surgical-related morbidity associated with the surgical insult.

title: [Evaluation of the results of the treatment of Vancouver B1 XXXX and proposed indications for the use of cortical allograft as part of the fixation].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'fracture']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fractures']

answer: @entity3564 :: (MESH:D057068,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic fractures']


abstract: A case control study of 6000 @entity1 with @entity0 and about 8000 @entity1 with @entity5 living in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Wisconsin found that younger @entity1 who breast feed are at a 20% lower risk of developing @entity0 before menopause than those who have never breast fed or have breast fed only briefly. The younger a @entity1 was when she first breast fed, the less likely she was to develop @entity0 . The length of total time a @entity1 breast fed in her life was inversely related to the risk of developing @entity0 before menopause. For example, if a @entity1 breast feeds for 4-12 months, the risk of developing @entity0 in premenopausal @entity1 is reduced 11% when compared to @entity1 who breast feed for less than 3 months and those who do not breast feed. The risk can be reduced by about 25%, if @entity1 breast feed for at least 2 years. Neither young age nor long duration of total time breast feeding appeared to influence the risk of developing @entity0 after menopause, however. One hypothesis is that breast feeding suppresses the production of ovarian hormones which may be associated with @entity0 . Since most @entity0 cases in the US are postmenopausal, the @entity0 cases would be rather small, however. Another study of about 90,000 US nurses found no relationship between breast feeding and @entity0 . The lack of a relationship may have been due to the fact that the nurses were much less likely to breast feed at a young age since they had a high educational level. Further, breast feeding practices have changed in the last 20-30 years from feeding every 4 hours to feeding on demand. In India most rural @entity1 breast feed, beginning when they are young. They even practice communal breast feeding, which allows @entity1 to work outside their homes.

title: Breast-feeding may reduce XXXX risk.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'reduction in breast cancer', 'premenopausal breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast-cancer']


abstract: @entity3620 ( @entity3620 ) is thought to arise from the mesothelial cells that line the @entity1143 . Most @entity1 initially experience the insidious onset of @entity662 or @entity1353 and have a history of asbestos exposure. @entity3620 rarely presents as spontaneous pneumothorax. We report two male @entity1 who presented with a spontaneous hydropneumothorax. One was exposed to asbestos and the other was not. Computed tomography showed tiny nodules with @entity1143 . They both underwent @entity1143 cytology and/or pleural biopsy. Therefore, the pathological diagnosis of @entity3620 was obtained in both cases. We also reviewed 16 Japanese @entity3620 cases with pneumothorax including our two @entity1 . More than half of the @entity1 suffered from pneumothorax repeatedly. We emphasize the need to obtain a pathological diagnosis of @entity1143 cytology and/or pleural biopsy in older @entity1 presenting with a spontaneous hydropneumothorax.

title: XXXX presenting as a spontaneous pneumothorax.

entities_list: @entity1143 :: ('MESH:D010996', 'Disease') :: ['pleural effusion', 'pleural thickness', 'pleural cavities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['shortness of breath']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['MPM', 'Malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity3620 :: (MESH:C562839,Disease) :: ['Malignant pleural mesothelioma']


abstract: The porphobilinogen deaminase (PBG-D) gene of @entity375 has been isolated by genetic complementation of a mutant GL7 (alpha @entity72211 ) strain, previously shown to be defective in this haembiosynthetic enzyme [Gollub, Liu, Dayan, Adlersberg _ Sprinson (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 2846-2854]. The gene was selected from a @entity375 wild-type genomic DNA library ligated into the shuttle vector YEp13. The complementing gene restored growth of the @entity72211 (PBG-D) mutant strain on media in the absence of exogeneous haem or @entity844 and @entity5068 supplements. The recombinant plasmid was retained in the Hem+ transformant provided that selective pressure for plasmid-dependent growth was maintained. Transformation of the mutant strain ( @entity72211 ) restored the PBG-D activity to levels up to 10-fold those of the parental strain. The mutant strain GL7 does not show any measurable enzymic activity. Analysis of the plasmid designated YEpPBG-D (containing the PBG-D gene) by hybrid-selected translation revealed that it contained the coding information for a single protein of apparent Mr 43,000. The coding region was localized on an 1.5 kb endonuclease-EcoRI fragment (E4), within the 5.5 kb genomic insert in YEpPBG-D.

title: Selection by genetic complementation and characterization of the gene coding for the XXXX porphobilinogen deaminase.

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['yeast']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of @entity8205 (CMNs) has become controversial as better data on complications have been published. OBJECTIVES: To determine the longer-term risks and benefits of surgery in treatment of CMNs. METHODS: In this 19-year prospective study, 301 families completed yearly questionnaires about treatments and CMN changes. Forty per cent of CMNs were > 20 cm projected adult size (PAS) or multiple CMNs. RESULTS: @entity1 were more likely to have had surgical treatments. There were no significant effects of treatment on the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes, although the numbers for @entity320 were small. The majority of untreated CMNs lightened spontaneously during the follow-up period. Surgical treatment and satellites at birth were independently significantly associated with reported darkening of the CMN over the follow-up period. However there was no absolute measurement of final colour. Surgical treatment was associated with decreasing @entity20536 of the CMN over the follow-up period. PAS was associated with increasing @entity20536 . Excision with tissue expanders and PAS were significantly associated with an increased incidence of new satellite lesions. A proportion of @entity1 reported new pigmentation in previously unaffected skin at the edge of a treated area, the majority after complete excision. There was a high level of satisfaction with surgery in the < 20 cm group and in those with facial CMNs. This was significantly reduced with increasing PAS. CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence here that surgery reduces the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes in childhood. The natural history of the majority of untreated CMNs is to lighten spontaneously, whereas some treatments may cause adverse effects.

title: Great Ormond Street Hospital for XXXX Registry for @entity8205 : prospective study 1988-2007. Part 2--Evaluation of treatments.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity8205 :: ('MESH:D009508', 'Disease') :: ['congenital melanocytic naevi']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of 3-week-old sterile @entity35 (prenatally irradiated) and incubated for 3 days in the absence of added hormones. Subsequently the effects of follitropin and insulin on @entity413 metabolism were investigated using this in vitro system. A marked stimulation of net @entity880 production by either follitropin or insulin was observed within 3 h after addition of the hormones. This response was not inhibited in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity1880 . Production of @entity268 by the Sertoli cells was markedly enhanced by @entity43554 , but not at all by insulin. The addition of 0.5 mM @entity8279 to the incubation medium also resulted in a rapid increase of the rate of @entity880 production by the Sertoli cells. The stimulation of @entity880 production by follitropin and insulin was dose-dependent (ED50 of approx. 10 ng NIH-FSH-S13/ml and of approx. 50 ng insulin/ml). It is suggested that the observed effects of insulin on Sertoli cells are mediated via insulin receptors, rather than via receptors for insulin-like growth factors. Within 18 h after addition of either follitropin or insulin the cells became refractory with respect to @entity880 production to the homologous hormone, whereas the cells could still respond to the heterologous hormone. It is concluded, that follitropin and insulin, acting via different mechanisms, exert similar rapid stimulatory effects on @entity413 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity35 in vitro. These effects are not dependent on de novo protein synthesis and may differ from long-term trophic effects of follitropin, insulin, and/or insulin-like growth factors.

title: Comparison of the effects of insulin and follitropin on @entity413 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity43554 :: ('MESH:D005640', 'Chemical') :: ['follitropin']

entities_list: @entity1880 :: ('MESH:D003513', 'Chemical') :: ['cycloheximide']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity8279 :: ('CHEBI:50095', 'Chemical') :: ['dibutyryl cAMP']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Review of the radiographs of 34 @entity1 with autosomal dominant @entity2525 revealed two distinct phenotypical types. Both were strictly family-related and exhibited progressive @entity1463 with aging. Descriptive, radiogrammetric and biochemical analyses were performed. Type I showed a pronounced @entity1463 of the skull with an enlarged thickness of the cranial wall. The @entity1463 of the skull in Type II was most striking at the base. In Type II there was a typical "Rugger-Jersey spine," and endobones ("bone within a bone") were seen in the pelvis. The radiogrammetric investigations of the long bones did not show any difference between the two types. Compared to normal controls, there was a normal total subperiosteal width (W), but a significant enlarged cortical thickness (C) (P less than 0.01), and thus a reduced medullary cavity (M), suggesting normal bone formation and disturbed bone resorption. Serum @entity1391 was lower in Type I compared to Type II (P less than 0.01), and serum acid phosphatase was markedly increased in Type II (P less than 0.01), suggesting differences between the two types in bone mineral metabolism and structural functions of the osteoclasts. The two types may represent two different entities with the same mode of inheritance, and in both cases with affected bone resorption.

title: Radiological, biochemical and hereditary evidence of two types of autosomal dominant XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: Introduction. The systemic inflammatory response (SIR) plays a key role in determining nutritional status and survival of @entity1 with @entity5 . A number of objective scoring systems have been shown to have prognostic value; however, their application in routine clinical practice is not clear. The aim of the present survey was to examine the range of opinions internationally on the routine use of these scoring systems. Methods. An online survey was distributed to a target group consisting of individuals worldwide who have reported an interest in systemic @entity32 in @entity1 with @entity5 . Results. Of those invited by the survey (n = 238), 65% routinely measured the SIR, mainly for research and prognostication purposes and clinically for allocation of adjuvant therapy or palliative chemotherapy. 40% reported that they currently used the Glasgow Prognostic Score/modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS/mGPS) and 81% reported that a measure of systemic @entity32 should be incorporated into clinical guidelines, such as the definition of @entity3085 . Conclusions. The majority of respondents routinely measured the SIR in @entity1 with @entity5 , mainly using the GPS/mGPS for research and prognostication purposes. The majority reported that a measure of the SIR should be adopted into clinical guidelines.

title: A Survey of Attitudes towards the Clinical Application of Systemic Inflammation Based Prognostic Scores in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: The competence of general practitioners (GPs) in diagnosing @entity148 was assessed using standardized @entity1 (SPs) unknown to the doctors. Out of a computer-generated random sample of 100 general practitioners in Kuala Lumpur, 42 volunteered to participate in the study. The results showed that the GPs can be divided into three groups: group A made the correct diagnosis and informed the SPs about their condition (11.9%); group B prescribed tranquillizers and did not inform the SPs of the actual diagnosis but instead said that they were either normal or were suffering from some stress (28.6%); and group C made various diagnoses of @entity74 or did not detect any abnormality at all (59.5%). Thus about 40% of the doctors considered an @entity74 and only 12% of the doctors were confident enough to make and inform the @entity1 of the actual diagnosis. Group A significantly (P < 0.001) asked higher numbers of relevant questions in the signs and symptoms section of the history than the other two groups. No differences between the three groups were observed in the other two sections of history-taking (personality, family, social and precipitating factors), in the general and specific physical examination and interpersonal skills. Generally, with the exception of the interpersonal skills section, the doctors performed less than 40% of the expected tasks in every section. The study highlighted the lack of competence in making a definite diagnosis of @entity148 . Among those who apparently made the diagnosis (group B) or made the diagnosis with certainty (group A), there was no demonstration of appropriate treatment behaviour with respect to pharmacological intervention.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessing the competence of general practitioners in diagnosing generalized XXXX using standardized @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder', 'anxiety neurosis']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['emotion-related disorder', 'physical disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety disorder']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The morphological analysis prior to endovascular @entity439 repair (EVAR) plays an important role in long-term outcomes. Post-imaging analysis of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) by three-dimensional reconstruction with central lumen line detection ( @entity1072 3D-CTA) enables measurements to be made in orthogonal slices. This might be more precise than equal post-imaging analysis in axial slices by two-dimensional computed tomographic angiography (2D-CTA). PURPOSE: To evaluate the intra- and interobserver variability of @entity1072 3D-CTA and 2D-CTA post-imaging analysis methods and the agreement between them in pre-EVAR suitability analysis of @entity1 with @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anonymized CTA data-sets from 70 @entity1 with @entity1028 were analyzed retrospectively. Length measurements included proximal and distal aortic neck lengths and total distance from the lower renal artery to the higher iliac bifurcation. Width measurements included proximal and distal neck diameters, maximum @entity1028 diameter and common iliac diameters just above the iliac bifurcations. The measurements were performed in random order by two vascular surgeons, twice per method with 1-month interval between readings. In the @entity1072 3D-CTA method we used semi-automated @entity1072 detection by software and manual measurements on CTA slices perpendicular to @entity1072 . The equal measurements in 2D-CTA were performed manually on axial CTA slices using a DICOM viewer workstation. The intra- and interobserver variability, as well as the agreement between the two methods were assessed by Bland-Altman test and bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS: The intraobserver variability was significantly higher in 2D-CTA measurements for both readers. The interobserver variability was significant in 2D-CTA measurements of proximal neck dimensions while the agreement in @entity1072 3D-CTA analysis between the two readers was excellent in all studied parameters. The agreement between the two suitability analysis techniques was poor for both readers, especially in measurements of proximal neck's dimensions and in total aortoiliac length (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In pre-EVAR morphological evaluation of AAAs the @entity1072 -3D CTA post-imaging analysis has better intra- and interobserver correlation than 2D-CTA and might represent a useful tool for the proper selection of endograft's type and size.

title: Two-dimensional versus three-dimensional CT angiography in analysis of anatomical suitability for stentgraft repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysm', 'AAA']

answer: @entity1028 :: (MESH:D017544,Disease) :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity951 protects against @entity1002 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity1 with @entity301 demonstrate persistent @entity296 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity951 , which may represent @entity63 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with multivessel @entity301 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity662 or 1 mm ST @entity308 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity1002 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against @entity1002 in XXXX with @entity951 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['further angina', 'angina']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction', 'ischemic regional LV dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity1 22K factor is a cytokine released by mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood leukocytes. The factor stimulates fibroblasts to produce interferon-beta ( @entity2391 ) and thereby exerts antiviral activity on these cells. It was identified as @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) by its @entity535 sequence and spectrum of biological activities. The pyrogenic and haematological effects of pure 22K factor were studied at different doses and were compared with those of endotoxin and interferon. 22K factor dose-dependently induced @entity221 in @entity95 , 0.1 microgram/kg being a minimum effective dose. Intravenous injection in @entity95 caused immediate granulocytosis at low dose, while a profound granulopenia followed by hypergranulocytosis was observed at high dose. Preparations of pure 22K factor were free of detectable lipopolysaccharide and lost their biological effects after heat-treatment. Repeated injections of 22K factor did not result in a state of tolerance. There is no evidence that the effects in vivo of 22K factor were mediated by induction of interferon. @entity1 22K factor, a weak and species-specific inducer in @entity2391 in vitro, did not induce detectable amounts of circulating interferon in @entity95 . Moreover, injection of @entity95 with @entity2391 resulted in a weak effect on body temperature and granulocyte counts as compared to similar doses of 22K factor.

title: Pyrogenic and haematological effects of the interferon-inducing 22K factor ( @entity1356 ) from XXXX leukocytes.

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1 beta', 'IL-1 beta']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino-acid']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity1360 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity864 ( @entity865 ). However, while @entity865 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity493 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity28422 ) protein, @entity1360 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity1360 reduced the basal @entity28422 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity11 cells with @entity1360 prevented @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity28422 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity1360 required external @entity141 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity4527 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity141 x calmodulin complexes block @entity28422 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity141 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity28422 phosphorylation by @entity865 -stimulated PKCs in @entity11 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity11 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity6106 , prevented @entity1360 from blocking @entity28422 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity865 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity1360 on @entity28422 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity141 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity205 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity1360 from preventing @entity28422 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity1360 to prevent @entity865 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity28422 depended on whether @entity1360 was added before, with, or after @entity865 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity1360 was added before @entity865 but was less effective when added with or after @entity865 . These results indicate that @entity141 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity141 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated XXXX -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity35 @entity11 cells.

entities_list: @entity6106 :: ('MESH:C031938', 'Chemical') :: ['calmidazolium']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporin A']

entities_list: @entity1360 :: ('MESH:D015759', 'Chemical') :: ['Ionomycin', 'ionomycin']

entities_list: @entity864 :: ('MESH:C554292|MESH:D013755', 'Chemical') :: ['12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity493 :: (CHEBI:16449,Chemical) :: ['alanine']


abstract: The putative effects of @entity6 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity442 and @entity5100 and @entity12068 were measured in 58 @entity1 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity1 @entity442 and @entity5100 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity442 and @entity5100 were reduced; @entity10513 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity2301 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity442 , @entity5100 , and @entity2301 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity1 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity214 ) of @entity442 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity214 or @entity10513 @entity214 . In the treated @entity1 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity214 and @entity10513 @entity214 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity10513 @entity214 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity214 and @entity442 @entity214 , @entity5100 @entity214 , and @entity2301 @entity214 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity1723 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity1 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity1723 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity442 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity1 and adolescents with @entity1723 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity6 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and @entity12068 in XXXX and adolescents with @entity6 : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Data comparing systemic exposure and systemic @entity7 ( @entity7 ) suppression of ranibizumab, bevacizumab and aflibercept following intravitreal injection are lacking. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity1 with wet age-related @entity1020 received intravitreal ranibizumab (0.5   mg), bevacizumab (1.25   mg), or aflibercept (2.0   mg). Serum pharmacokinetics and plasma free @entity7 were evaluated after the first and third injections. RESULTS: Following the first dose, systemic exposure to aflibercept was 5-, 37-, and 9-fold higher than ranibizumab, whereas, bevacizumab was 9-, 310-, and 35-fold higher than ranibizumab, based on geometric mean ratio of peak and trough concentrations and area under the curve, respectively. The third dose showed accumulation of bevacizumab and aflibercept but not ranibizumab. Aflibercept substantially suppressed plasma free @entity7 , with mean levels below lower limit of quantitation (10   pg/mL) as early as 3   h postdose until >= 7   days postdose. Mean free (unbound) @entity7 levels with ranibizumab were largely unchanged, with mean trough level of 14.4   pg/mL compared with baseline of 17   pg/mL. CONCLUSIONS: There are notable differences in systemic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics among anti- @entity7 treatments after intravitreal administration. All three agents rapidly moved into the bloodstream, but ranibizumab very quickly cleared, whereas bevacizumab and aflibercept demonstrated greater systemic exposure and produced a marked reduction in plasma free @entity7 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02118831.

title: Systemic pharmacokinetics following intravitreal injections of ranibizumab, bevacizumab or aflibercept in XXXX with neovascular AMD.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1020 :: ('MESH:D008268', 'Disease') :: ['macular degeneration']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['VEGF', 'vascular endothelial growth factor']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We assess the in-vivo relationship between international normalized ratio (INR) and @entity3459 tests in @entity1 with life-threatening bleeding who received prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) for warfarin reversal. This was a prospective pilot study in adult @entity1 with @entity510 related to anticoagulation with warfarin. Thromboelastography (TEG), @entity556 generation parameters and INR were assessed at baseline, 30 min, 2 and 24 h after PCC. Changes in laboratory parameters and relationship between INR and @entity3459 tests were assessed over time. Eight @entity1 mean [standard deviation (SD)] age 72 (16) were included and received mean (SD) dose of PCC 24 (5)units/kg. Four @entity1 died during the study, all with INR values more than 1.5 thirty minutes after PCC. Mean (SD) INR was 3.0 (1.3) and decreased significantly to 1.8 (0.48) thirty minutes after PCC (P<0.01). Baseline endogenous @entity556 potential and @entity556 peak were 890 nmol/min and 123 nmol and increased significantly to 1943 nmol/min (P<0.01) and 301 nmol (P<0.01) 30 min after PCC administration. Reaction (R)-time decreased significantly (P=0.02), and maximum amplitude and overall coagulation index (CI) significantly increased during treatment (P<0.01, respectively). @entity556 generation and TEG values corrected after PCC administration; however, INR did not fully correct. @entity1 that died tended to be older with prolonged INR values across the study period. INR and TEG values correlated well with @entity556 generation before administration of PCC, but this relationship was lost afterward.

title: Laboratory assessment of warfarin reversal with @entity3459 tests versus international normalized ratio in XXXX with @entity510 .

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['global coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial bleeding']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity3446 inhibits the growth, function, and metabolism of @entity1 @entity850 ( @entity850 )-derived fibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled in vitro study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in a research university. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from biopsies of 5 @entity1 with @entity850 were cultured. Cell proliferation, histology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism of @entity850 -derived fibroblasts were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) fibroblast growth medium, (2) fibroblast growth medium with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), (3) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-10) M (low-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 , and (4) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-9) M (high-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 . RESULTS: The @entity850 fibroblast count and DNA concentration were reduced after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 compared to @entity3733 (P = .0007) and normal (P = .0007) controls. Collagen I expression decreased after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 versus control (P = .0051) and @entity3733 (P = .0093) controls. Maximal respiration decreased to 68.6 pMoles of @entity26 /min/10 mg/protein from 96.9 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 97.0 for normal (P = .0022) controls. @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production decreased to 66.8 pMoles from 88.1 for @entity3733 (P = .0006) and 83.3 for normal (P = .0003) controls. Basal respiration decreased to 78.6 pMoles from 108 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 101 for normal (P = .0014) controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 demonstrated an anti-fibroblast effect by significantly reducing the proliferation, metabolism, and collagen deposition of @entity1 @entity850 fibroblast in vitro. @entity3446 significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation of @entity850 fibroblasts, suggesting at a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, @entity3446 's anti-fibroblast effects indicate a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of @entity850 .

title: XXXX inhibits @entity1 @entity850 -derived fibroblast proliferation, metabolism, and function in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['LTS', 'laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity3446 :: (MESH:D020123,Chemical) :: ['Rapamycin']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: The study objective is to determine the incidence of oral soft tissue @entity130 during classic direct laryngoscopy for tracheal intubation and the risk factors associated with it. DESIGN: This is a prospective observational study. SETTING: The setting is at a ward. @entity1 : The @entity1 are adults submitted to elective interventions in general surgery requiring tracheal intubation by classic direct laryngoscopy. INTERVENTIONS: During 6 months, all @entity1 were interviewed 12-24 hours before anesthesia and after surgery and underwent a detailed oral examination performed by an anesthesiology blind to anesthetic management details and preoperative @entity1 care. MEASUREMENTS: Evaluation of oral soft tissue @entity130 includes oral mucosa including the gums; the @entity133 in the edentulous @entity1 , @entity5932 . Injury severity was assessed using the severity scale presented routinely in Portuguese legal medicine research: grade 0, no @entity130 had; grade 1, mild severity @entity130 ; grade 2, medium severity @entity130 ; and grade 3, major severity @entity130 . MAIN RESULTS: Soft tissue @entity130 was observed in 278 (52.1%) @entity1 . @entity3145 occurred once in 204 (38.2%) @entity1 , 2 in 64 (38.2%) @entity1 , and 3 times in 10 (1.9%) @entity1 . @entity5773 was the most common type of soft tissue @entity130 (36.3%) followed by @entity3306 (22.3%), @entity3306 (7.1%), and @entity5932 (2.1%). All the lesions were grade 1 or 2. Only @entity5932 was found to be associated with age group (P = .021). CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals a high incidence of lesions grade 1 or 2 in soft tissue.

title: Soft tissue XXXX after direct laryngoscopy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['Tongue injury']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['Soft tissue injury']

entities_list: @entity3306 :: ('MESH:D008047', 'Disease') :: ['upper lip injury', 'lower lip injury']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['oral mucosa injury', 'palate, and the buccal mucosa; lips (mucosa and skin); and the tongue']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar mucosa']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to pinpoint @entity5344 risk. Clinical @entity5 genetics include: diagnostic @entity5 genetics, @entity5 genetic counseling and management of @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity5344 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: An update of documented data was performed in order to assess our current knowledge about @entity5344 . RESULTS: Most @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are sporadic while 5-10% are estimated to be due to an inherited predisposition. Rare autosomal dominant alteration in two genes, @entity5345 and @entity2674 , which confer a high risk of developing @entity43 (OC), are likely to account for most families with multiple cases of early-onset @entity0 and OC, but only 3-4% of all @entity0 . The estimations of their prevalence and penetrance vary greatly, depending on the population studied, the study design, statistical methods and the sensitivity of technical methods for detection of mutations. Penetrance can be very high, but incomplete (maximum 80%). Penetrance and age at onset of the same mutation show great variability within and between @entity0 families. This could be due to the effects of other genetic as well as non-genetic factors that are being studied. The heterogeneity of families makes the identification of other high-risk genes difficult. Additive effects of several susceptibility genes could explain much more @entity0 in the general population (polygenic models). Molecular diagnoses have become feasible. Specific consultations in oncogenetics help clinicians and @entity1 understand hereditary components, establish molecular diagnoses, provide guidelines for a better surveillance of @entity1 at high risk of developing @entity0 , OC or both and reassure the mutation non-carriers. The strategies of management and treatment of @entity0 and OC in mutation carriers remain under discussion and it is is difficult to choose preventive options. CONCLUSION: Inherited @entity0 or OC due to a mutation in @entity5345 or @entity2674 are rare in the general population. However, @entity1 and @entity1 have the right to be informed of the possibilities concerning presymptomatic testing, risk assessment, surveillance, prevention and psychological support with respect to the potential benefits and limitations. Other large prospective studies are needed to validate rapidly the methods of surveillance and prevention in this group at "high risk" in order to adapt them to very large populations. However, predictive medicine should be used with care.

title: [Clinical and molecular diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['BC and ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'BC']

entities_list: @entity5344 :: ('MESH:D061325', 'Disease') :: ['familial breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'breast and/or ovarian cancer', 'inherited breast-ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

answer: @entity5344 :: (MESH:D061325,Disease) :: ['inherited breast-ovarian cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 7122 Background: Primary goals of therapy for @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) are an increased survival time, palliation of symptoms, and prolonged @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). This study was designed to explore if @entity1149 @entity1 (pts) with ECOG @entity13770 and age <= 65 years could benefit from systemic chemotherapy with acceptable @entity137 . METHODS: Fifty-nine eligible pts with stage IIIB (effusion) or stage IV NSCLC were registered on study. @entity1 received @entity1205 ( @entity1205  ) 35 mg/m(2) and @entity3003 AUC=2 on Days 1, 8, 15 every 28-day cycle (maximum 8 cycles). Endpoints were 1-year survival, @entity5 response, @entity1054 , and safety. RESULTS: Among the 59 eligible pts, 1 never received study drug, 58 pts were evaluable for safety, and 49 for response; 9 pts were non-evaluable due to: palliative XRT (1), withdrawal of consent (2), @entity137 (1 each; @entity1353 , weakness, @entity566 to study drug) and other illness (3). Responses were: 1 CR (2%), 5 PR (10%), 22 @entity168 (45%), and 21 @entity1726 (43%). The 1-year survival was 28%; median survival was 6.0 months (range, <1-24.3). The 1-year progression-free survival was 14% with a median @entity1054 of 3.7 months (range, <1-22.8) and median duration of response for CR+PR was 5.4 months (range, 2.3-9.7). @entity1 received a median of 3 cycles (range, 1-9); 14 pts (24%) had dose reductions, mainly due to @entity137 . The primary Grade 3 or 4 @entity137 were @entity1398 and fatigue (10.2% each), @entity390 (8.5%), @entity2700 (6.8%), and @entity391 (5.1%). All 43 @entity204 were due to @entity1726 . @entity137 of this regimen are comparable to other chemotherapy regimens used in this population, thus it may be an alternative treatment choice for @entity1 with @entity1149 who are <= 65 years and @entity13770 . CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm the relatively poor outcome of @entity13770 pts with @entity1149 . The overall benefit of chemotherapy doublets, compared to monotherapy, in this @entity1 population remains to be proven. Supported by Aventis Pharmaceuticals, Bridgewater, NJ No significant financial relationships to disclose.

title: A phase II study of weekly @entity1205 and XXXX in stage IIIB (with effusion) or stage IV @entity1149 @entity1 age < 65 and performance status 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity2700 :: ('MESH:D003681', 'Disease') :: ['dehydration']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['advanced non-small cell lung cancer', 'ANSCLC']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel', 'Taxotere']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['time to progression', 'TTP']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: 1. We have devised an isolated innervated preparation of @entity95 @entity825 in which parasympathetic fibres can be stimulated either pre- or postganglionically. 2. Contractions induced by transmural stimulation of the tracheal smooth muscle and by stimulation of the proximal end of the vagus nerve were both inhibited by @entity1022 and @entity3897 indicating that @entity934 release from neural fibres was responsible for each contraction. 3. Only the contraction induced by stimulation of the vagus nerve was significantly inhibited by @entity4033 indicating that this response was mediated by preganglionic stimulation. 4. The contractions induced by both pre- and postganglionic stimulation were potentiated by @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha). The potentiation was short-lasting and could not be repeated in the same preparation. 5. In contrast @entity1672 (PGD2) inhibited each form of stimulation-induced contraction in a dose-related manner. 6. In separate experiments PGF2 alpha also potentiated the contractile response to exogenous @entity934 in isolated non-innervated tracheal segments. This localizes the action of PGF2 alpha to the smooth muscle. 7. These effects of PGF2 alpha may be important in the @entity32 which accompanies @entity1030 .

title: @entity3774 alpha augments the response to parasympathetic fibre stimulation in an isolated innervated preparation of XXXX @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: PURPOSE: A keloid scar often appears at the incision site of @entity1 after median sternotomy. Use of @entity1346 gel to treat @entity2805 and fresh incisions has yielded encouraging results. In this study, we report our experience with the preventive use of @entity1346 gel sheets for @entity2318 after median sternotomy. METHODS: Nine @entity1 who underwent a median sternotomy were studied. A @entity1346 gel sheet was kept directly on the surgical incision for 24 h starting 2 weeks after surgery. The treatment was repeated with a new sheet every 4 weeks for 24 weeks, at which times the subjective symptoms and the changes in @entity2318 were determined. RESULTS: None of the @entity1 experienced an aggravation of any subjective symptoms during the 24-week study. After 24 weeks, all @entity1 were free of a keloid scar that showed a rise and contraction of skin and causes discomfort. No adverse events were reported by any of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A @entity1346 gel sheet is safe and effective for the preventing the formation of @entity2318 after median sternotomy.

title: Use of XXXX gel sheets for prevention of @entity2318 after median sternotomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2318 :: ('MESH:D002921', 'Disease') :: ['keloid scars']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity2805 :: ('MESH:D017439', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic burn scars']

answer: @entity1346 :: (MESH:D012828,Chemical) :: ['silicone']


abstract: The consumption of @entity7726 during @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation reactions yields stoichiometric amounts of @entity8641 and @entity13710 , respectively. Information concerning the regulation of the two routes of @entity7726 metabolism in viable cells under changing growth conditions is limited. The present experiments have measured the time-dependent accumulation of @entity8641 and @entity5784 in the medium of four malignant @entity1 and @entity19 cell lines deficient in @entity8641 phosphorylase ( @entity8641 : @entity6546 methylthioribosyltransferase). Included in this group were anchorage-independent and anchorage-dependent cells. The enzyme-deficient cells did not detectably cleave @entity8641 , and did not appreciably metabolize @entity1255 . A comparison of @entity8641 and @entity1255 excretion therefore provided a noninvasive method for estimating the relative rates of @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation. Early after the release of @entity1 CEM lymphoblasts from density dependent @entity851 , @entity8641 production increased, and exceeded @entity1255 synthesis. @entity8641 formation reached a maximum of 0.9 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells prior to the onset of exponential growth. The kinetics of @entity1255 synthesis were different. @entity1255 accumulation was proportional to the specific growth rate, and achieved a peak of 3.1 nmol/12 h per 10(6) cells during mid-exponential phase, at which time @entity8641 production was falling. Similar patterns of @entity8641 and @entity1255 excretion were observed in other @entity8641 phosphorylase deficient cell lines. These data show that @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation are differentially regulated during the growth cycle of @entity1 cells.

title: Differential regulation of @entity4664 synthesis and transmethylation reactions in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth arrest']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine', 'Homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity6546 :: ('MESH:D010710', 'Chemical') :: ['orthophosphate']

entities_list: @entity13710 :: ('MESH:D012435', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylhomocysteine']

entities_list: @entity5784 :: ('CHEBI:17588', 'Chemical') :: ['L-homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity7726 :: ('MESH:D012436', 'Chemical') :: ['S-adenosylmethionine']

entities_list: @entity8641 :: ('MESH:C008500', 'Chemical') :: ["5'-methylthioadenosine", "5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine", "5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine"]

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['mammalian']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to assess the informative value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). @entity1 who had undergone RFA of @entity96 were followed up with contrast-enhanced sonography (CEUS), computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), and the outcomes were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 76 @entity1 undergoing 194 RFAs for 118 @entity99 (n = 55 HCC, n = 63 metastases) in the course of a 7-year period were examined post-interventionally using CEUS and CT or MRI. During follow-up (gold standard of evaluation), contrast agent rim accumulations with a diameter greater than 5 mm and a growth rate of at least 25 % were counted as a recurrence. RESULTS: CEUS-CT comparison group: A total of 65 scan pairs were compared. In 54 cases (83.1 %) the findings were the same with either method. In 7 cases (10.8 %) CEUS confirmed the correct diagnosis, and in 2 cases (3.1 %) only CT was correct. In 2 cases (3.1 %) both methods yielded incorrect results. Diagnostic accuracy (DA): CEUS 93.8 %, CT 86.2 %. CEUS-MRI comparison group: In 23 cases (88.5 %) of a total of 26 scan pairs, the findings were the same for both CEUS and MRI. In 3 discordant cases only CEUS confirmed the correct diagnosis (3 cases, 11.5 %). Diagnostic accuracy DA (n = 26): CEUS 100 %, MRI 88.4 %. CONCLUSION: CEUS performs equally to CT and MRI in the follow-up of @entity1 treated for @entity96 by RFA.

title: Efficacy of contrast-enhanced US versus CT or MRI for the therapeutic control of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in the case of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['malignant liver tumors', 'liver tumors']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic malignancies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The demand for scientific biodiversity data is increasing, but taxonomic expertise is often limited or not available. DNA sequencing is a potential remedy to overcome this taxonomic impediment. Mitochondrial DNA is most commonly used, e.g., for species identification ("DNA barcoding"). Here, we present the first study in arthropods based on a near-complete species sampling of a family-level taxon from the entire Australian region. We aimed to assess how reliably mtDNA data can capture species diversity when many sister species pairs are included. Then, we contrasted phylogenetic subsampling with the hitherto more commonly applied geographical subsampling, where sister species are not necessarily captured. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We sequenced 800 bp @entity9859 for 1,439 individuals including 260 Australian species (78% species coverage). We used clustering with thresholds of 1 to 10% and general mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis for the estimation of species @entity3794 . The performance metrics used were taxonomic accuracy and agreement between the morphological and molecular species @entity3794 estimation. Clustering (at the 3% level) and GMYC reliably estimated species diversity for single or multiple geographic regions, with an error for larger clades of lower than 10%, thus outperforming parataxonomy. However, the rates of error were higher for some individual genera, with values of up to 45% when very recent species formed nonmonophyletic clusters. Taxonomic accuracy was always lower, with error rates above 20% and a larger variation at the genus level (0 to 70%). S  rensen similarity indices calculated for morphospecies, 3% clusters and GMYC entities for different pairs of localities was consistent among methods and showed expected decrease over distance. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity9859 sequence data are a powerful tool for large-scale species @entity3794 estimation, with a great potential for use in ecology and b-diversity studies and for setting conservation priorities. However, error rates can be high in individual lineages.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX sequence data reliably uncover patterns of insect diversity but suffer from high lineage-idiosyncratic error rates.

answer: @entity9859 :: (4512,Gene) :: ['cox1']


abstract: Overcoming resistance to chemotherapy is an important goal in @entity5 treatment. In many systems, resistance to @entity8253 and @entity17074 correlates with a diminished intracellular content of drug. In @entity23198 and @entity8270 , an active outward transport of @entity8253 and vinca alkaloids occurs. @entity460 channel blockers, such as @entity1855 , inhibit this active outward transport and increase intracellular content of @entity5713 and @entity8253 in cells resistant to vinca alkaloids and @entity8253 , respectively. We report a phase I trial of @entity5713 (1.5 mg/m2 daily as iv continuous infusion X 5 days) in 17 @entity1 and concurrent @entity1855 in escalating doses. @entity1855 was administered as a loading dose (0.02-0.1 mg/kg) followed by a maintenance infusion (0.036-0.18 mg/kg/hour) for 5 1/2 days with continuous cardiac monitoring. There was no apparent augmentation of @entity5713 @entity137 when @entity5713 and @entity1855 were given concurrently. ECG change was the dose-limiting @entity137 . At 0.12 mg/kg/hour, five of nine @entity1 developed first-degree @entity616 (mean P-R interval, 0.32 seconds; range, 0.23-0.52 seconds). Junctional rhythms were noted in two of 17 @entity1 . Reversible nonspecific T-wave changes were seen in four of 17 @entity1 . Blood pressure and left ventricular ejection fractions (ultrasonic) were not altered. Five of 17 @entity1 had wbc count nadirs less than 2000/mm3, and two of 17 @entity1 had platelet count nadirs less than 100,000/mm3. Four @entity1 experienced @entity2359 . A mean @entity5713 concentration of 2.2 ng/ml (0.55 nM) and a mean @entity1855 concentration of 290 ng/ml (0.45 microM) were achieved with the concurrent 5-day infusion. The tolerable levels of @entity1855 obtained appear to be less than those which were reported to inhibit @entity5713 efflux in vitro. Additional in vitro experiments at the tolerable doses of @entity5713 and @entity1855 are recommended.

title: Phase I study of @entity5713 and XXXX given by concurrent iv infusion.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity17074 :: ('MESH:D014748', 'Chemical') :: ['vinca alkaloids']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

entities_list: @entity8270 :: ('MESH:D002286', 'Disease') :: ['Ehrlich ascites tumor']

answer: @entity1855 :: (MESH:D014700,Chemical) :: ['verapamil']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Invasive assessment of pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity2786 ), via right heart catheterization, is part of the usual protocol prior to heart transplantation. Echocardiography is considered a valuable technique to evaluate @entity2786 . We sought to determine the reliability of measurements of @entity2786 via a noninvasive technique, echocardiography, in relation to the estimated @entity2786 via right catheterization. We also determined its safety when invasive procedures are restricted to just @entity1 with @entity120 ( @entity120 ) according to echocardiographic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 67 right catheterizations performed in our hospital, within the heart transplant study protocol, from January 2000 to December 2006. @entity2786 parameters were estimated by echocardiography and right catheterization. RESULTS: Hemodynamically, 57.1% of the @entity1 had severe @entity120 (more than 45 mm Hg mean @entity2786 ); 13.2% moderate @entity120 (between 35 and 45 mm Hg mean @entity2786 ); 12.1% had mild @entity120 (between 25 and 35 mm Hg mean @entity2786 ); and 17.6% of @entity1 showed no @entity120 . Pearson correlation index with systolic @entity2786 (estimated via echocardiography) and mean @entity2786 (calculated via invasive method) was 0.69 (P < .001). @entity120 was considered significant when systolic @entity2786 estimated via echocardiography reached more than 40 mm Hg and mean @entity2786 estimated via right catheterization reached more than 35 mm Hg, the value from which the vasodilator test was carried out. According to these parameters, echocardiography showed a sensitivity of 89% to diagnose significant @entity120 and 46% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 70% and 76%, respectively.

title: Correlation of echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in XXXX assessment prior to heart transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension', 'PHT']

answer: @entity120 :: (MESH:D006976,Disease) :: ['pulmonary hypertension']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physical activity improves @entity158 and function among individuals with @entity626 ( @entity571 ), but most @entity1 with this condition are inactive. Physical therapists play a key role in helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to increase appropriate physical activity. However, health care access issues, financial constraints, and other factors impede some @entity1 from receiving physical therapy (PT) for knee @entity571 . A need exists to develop and evaluate other methods to provide physical activity instruction and support to @entity1 with knee @entity571 . This study is examining the effectiveness of an internet-based exercise training (IBET) program designed for knee @entity571 , designed by physical therapists and other clinicians. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a randomized controlled trial of 350 @entity1 with symptomatic knee @entity571 , allocated to three groups: IBET, standard PT, and a wait list (WL) control group (in a 2:2:1 ratio, respectively). The study was funded by the @entity1 Centered Outcomes Research Institute, which conducted a peer review of the proposal. The IBET program provides @entity1 with a tailored exercise program (based on functional level, symptoms, and current activity), video demonstrations of exercises, and guidance for appropriate exercise progression. The PT group receives up to 8 individual visits with a physical therapist, mirroring standard practice for knee @entity571 and with an emphasis on a home exercise program. Outcomes are assessed at baseline, 4  months (primary time point) and 12  months (to assess maintenance of treatment effects). The primary outcome is the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity571 Index, and secondary outcomes include objective physical function, satisfaction with physical function, physical activity, @entity308 and global assessment of change. Linear mixed models will be used to compare both the IBET and standard PT groups to the WL control group, examine whether IBET is non-inferior to PT (a treatment that has an established evidence base for knee @entity571 ), and explore whether @entity1 characteristics are associated with differential effects of IBET and/or standard PT. This research is in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. DISCUSSION: The IBET program could be disseminated widely at relatively low cost and could be an important resource for helping @entity1 with knee @entity571 to adopt and maintain appropriate physical activity. This trial will provide an important evaluation of the effectiveness of this IBET program for knee @entity571 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02312713.

title: Physical therapy vs. internet-based exercise training (PATH-IN) for @entity1 with XXXX : study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'participant', 'Patient', 'people']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive symptoms']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity626 :: (MESH:D020370,Disease) :: ['knee osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In October 2009, a quadrivalent vaccine for @entity1082 ) was licensed in the United States for males aged 9 to 26 years. The attitudes and beliefs of parents play a critical role in uptake of this vaccine because parental consent is typically required for adolescent HPV vaccination. This study aimed to determine attitudes about, and intention for, male HPV vaccination among a national sample of parents and to evaluate the effect of different types of messages regarding benefits of male HPV vaccination on these outcomes. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of parents completed a cross-sectional survey shortly before licensure of the HPV vaccine for @entity1 . Parents of @entity1 (n = 1178) were asked questions about future intent to vaccinate their sons against HPV after randomly receiving one of 2 different messages about the potential benefits of male HPV vaccination. RESULTS: Survey completion rate was 62%. Most parents (90%) believed that male HPV vaccination was generally important. However, only 51% of parents of @entity1 intended to have their own sons vaccinated against HPV. The strongest predictors of vaccination intent included high perceived benefits of being vaccinated and low perceived barriers to vaccination. Black race and having less than a high school education were also associated with higher vaccination intent, but only among parents of adolescents (9-17 years), not among parents of younger @entity1 (0-8 years). There were no differences in parental intentions or beliefs between the different message groups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a significant discrepancy between parents' general support of male HPV vaccination and their intentions to have their own sons vaccinated. Our results highlight the beliefs and attitudes associated with increased parental intention for male HPV vaccination.

title: Factors associated with parental intentions for male XXXX vaccination: results of a national survey.

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['human papillomavirus (HPV']

answer: @entity1082 :: (10566,Species) :: ['human papillomavirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Among the rarest types of @entity5 found are the small intestine @entity5 , representing only 2% of all @entity1820 and 0.1-0.3% of all @entity5 . The most common subtype of this @entity5 is the @entity420 , which is located mainly in the duodenum, jejunum and, rarely, in ileum. CLINICAL CASE: A 75 year-old male, with no any surgical history, who in the previous three months, referred to two clinical episodes of @entity1744 and unquantified @entity353 . When admitted into the surgical service, the @entity1 referred to a @entity1744 of more than one week onset. A laparotomy was performed, finding 3 stenosis rings at the ileum end portion, carrying out an intestinal resection and enteral-enteral @entity254 . On the seventh day there was dehiscence of the @entity254 and @entity1661 . New surgery was performed with the resection of the intestinal @entity254 and an ileostomy. The pathologist report indicated a small bowel @entity420 moderately differentiated, ulcerated, and multifocal. It was classified as stage III or T3N1M0. The @entity1 progress was satisfactorily, managed as outpatient with postoperative chemotherapy with 5 @entity1487 and @entity900 . The @entity1 died a year later due to liver @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Due to the extreme rarity of the case, is very likely that general surgeons may find one or two cases of @entity420 in their professional career. Thus, they must suspect this pathology when faced with an episode of @entity1321 in the adult.

title: [Primary XXXX , synchronous].

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma of the ileum', 'adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1820 :: ('MESH:D005770', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['partial bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma of the terminal ileum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Airway smooth muscle infiltration by mast cells is a feature of @entity565 and not @entity1712 . In @entity565 , Th2 cytokines have been implicated as playing a critical role in the development of airway @entity32 and hyper-responsiveness. Whether inflammatory cells within the airway smooth muscle release these cytokines is unknown. METHODS: We have undertaken a comparative immunohistochemical study in bronchial biopsies from 14 subjects with @entity565 , 10 with @entity1712 and eight normal controls recruited from two centres. RESULTS: The median number of @entity3646 + cells/mm2 smooth muscle was significantly higher in subjects with @entity565 than @entity1712 and normal controls for both the anti- @entity3646 mAb 3H4 (2.4, 0, 0, respectively; P=0.001) and anti- @entity3646 mAb 4D9 (1.6, 0, 0, respectively; P=0.02). There were no group differences in the number of @entity225 + cells (P=0.31). In six subjects with @entity565 , @entity4047 expression by cells within the airway smooth muscle was studied. The median (range) of @entity4047 +cells was 2 (0.9-2.7). Ninety-four percent of the cells expressing @entity3646 (3H4), 92% of those expressing @entity3646 (4D9) and 100% expressing @entity4047 in the airway smooth muscle were mast cells. Fifty-five percent of the mast cells within the airway smooth muscle co-localized to @entity3646 (3H4), 29% to @entity3646 (4D9) and 17% to @entity4047 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity565 , @entity42482 + cells were present within the airway smooth muscle and were expressed predominantly by mast cells, suggesting that @entity3646 and @entity4047 may play an important role in mast cell-airway smooth muscle interactions.

title: XXXX expression is co-localized to mast cells within the airway smooth muscle in @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilic bronchitis']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

answer: @entity42482 :: (3565;3596,Gene) :: ['Interleukin-4 and -13']