abstract: AIMS: To determine the prevalency of risk factors for @entity2412 in @entity6 @entity1 free of active @entity1066 in a hospital setting and to investigate the knowledge of foot care of the @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on a cohort of 296 @entity1 with @entity6 hospitalized in a tertiary hospital. A convenience sampling was adopted to recruit subjects during 2012/2013. All completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire and underwent medical assessment including foot examination and assessment of presence of @entity1897 ( @entity1897 ) and @entity3657 (PVD). The @entity1 were assigned to a foot risk category which was developed by the International Working Group on the @entity6 (IWGDF). RESULTS: 296 inpatients were evaluated. @entity5109 was noticed in 124 @entity1 (42%), @entity4553 was the most prevalent abnormality, found in 65% of @entity1 . Prevalency of @entity101 , @entity8 and @entity989 were 66.2%, 57.1%, 48.3% and 44.9% respectively. 37 (12.5%) @entity1 had a history of @entity1066 (n = 33) and/or toe amputation (n = 4). According to the classification system of the IWGDF, 35.1% of @entity1 were considered as having low-risk by the modified IWGDF classification (group 0), and 49% of the study population were at high risk for pedal @entity1066 (group 2 and 3). There was a clear trend between the increasing severity of the staging and HbA1c, duration of @entity6 , prevalence of @entity101 , @entity8 and @entity989 and absent of physical activity. The mean knowledge score of foot care was 21.21  3.84. CONCLUSION: The risk factors for foot @entity1066 and lack of fool care knowledge was rather common in a hospital-based @entity6 population, emphasizing the importance of implementing simple and affordable screening tools and methods to identify high-risk @entity1 and providing foot care education for them.

title: Prevalence of risk factors for XXXX in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['Foot deformity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy hypertension', 'hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetic Foot']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity989 :: ('MESH:D012164', 'Disease') :: ['retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity1066 :: ('MESH:D014456', 'Disease') :: ['ulceration']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral sensory neuropathy', 'PSN']

entities_list: @entity4553 :: ('MESH:D006215', 'Disease') :: ['hallux valgus']

entities_list: @entity2412 :: ('MESH:D048909', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot complications']

answer: @entity2412 :: (MESH:D048909,Disease) :: ['diabetic foot complications']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic appendectomy. DESIGN: A review of a case series. SETTING: A single teaching and referral centre in Vancouver. @entity1 : Ninety-five consecutive @entity1 referred to the Division of General Surgery with suspected @entity698 requiring surgical intervention. The @entity1 ranged in age from 15 to 85 years. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy or open appendectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Feasibility of laparoscopic appendectomy, duration of operation, intraoperative and postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Of the 95 @entity1 , 9 had contraindications to laparoscopic appendectomy and underwent an open operation. Of the 86 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopy, the diagnosis of @entity698 was confirmed in 69 (80%). Following this, 61 (88%) @entity1 underwent laparoscopic appendectomy, and in 8 the procedure was converted to open appendectomy because of periappendiceal @entity733 or an immobile or perforated appendix. The mean duration of operation was 78.5 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. The mean duration of postoperative hospital stay was 2.8 days. @entity260 consisted of ileus in two @entity1 and @entity294 in two @entity1 . There were no wound @entity281 . CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic appendectomy can be performed safely, with minimal complications on most @entity1 with @entity698 ; hospital stay is reduced. Laparoscopy allows accurate diagnosis.

title: Laparoscopic appendectomy: a review of 95 consecutive suspected cases of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity698 :: ('MESH:D001064', 'Disease') :: ['appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

answer: @entity698 :: (MESH:D001064,Disease) :: ['appendicitis']


abstract: This study describes the role of lymphatics in the removal of macrophages from inflammatory lesions in the heart of @entity8598 @entity35 and @entity35 recovering from @entity1371 . The inflammatory lesions are characterized by focal cardiomyocyte @entity39 , @entity4 , and mononuclear infiltrate. The vascular and lymphatic capillaries are maintained along with the basement membrane of the @entity39 . Through prior investigation, it was revealed that refeeding @entity972 led to a rapid reduction in lesion area. The purpose of the current investigation was to establish the role of the lymphatics as a means of reducing the lesion area by removal of the cellular infiltrate and @entity4 . Using a limited @entity972 diet, @entity8598 @entity35 were sacrificed via perfusion fixation during the @entity8598 and the @entity972 re-supplementation periods. Heart tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. During the @entity8598 period, phagocytic mononuclear cells were found engulfing necrotic cardiac muscle cells. With refeeding of @entity972 , these phagocytic cells appeared to be diminished in number, a reduction that coincided with a decrease in the lesion size. Lymphatic channels were dilated and full of mononuclear cells. These channels were differentiated from the vascular capillaries by standard morphological criteria. In conclusion, the lymphatics play an important role in the healing process by reducing the lesion size through the removal of phagocytic cells and the uptake of proteinaceous material.

title: The role of the lymphatics in aiding regression of hypokalemic lesions in XXXX cardiac muscle.

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis', 'necrotic cardiomyocyte']

entities_list: @entity8598 :: ('MESH:D020514', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemic']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Purpose. Our aim is to evaluate the results of treatment with computed tomography (CT) guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for @entity10545 which were localized in a difficult area for operation. Materials and Methods. Glenoid, distal tibia, humerus shaft, proximal humerus, and in third finger of the hand proximal phalanx were involved in one @entity1 . Proximal femur was involved in three @entity1 , distal femur was involved in three @entity1 , and proximal tibia was involved in two @entity1 . 9 males and 4 females were aged 4 to 34 years (mean age: 18.5 years). All @entity1 had @entity158 and were evaluated with X-rays, CT, bone scintigraphy, and MRI. In all @entity1 , @entity6470 ablation was performed with local anesthesia. The lesion heated to 90  C for 6 minutes. Results. All of the @entity1 achieved complete @entity158 relief after ablation and were fully weight bearing without any support. In all @entity1 , there was soft tissue @entity4 after the procedure. During follow-up, all @entity1 were free from the @entity158 and there was no sign about the @entity5 . There was no other complication after the process. Conclusion. CT guided RFA is a minimally invasive, safe, and cost-effective treatment for @entity10545 placed in difficult area for surgery.

title: XXXX treated with radiofrequency ablation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity10545 :: ('MESH:D010017', 'Disease') :: ['osteoid osteoma', 'osteoid osteomas']

answer: @entity10545 :: (MESH:D010017,Disease) :: ['Osteoid osteoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Screening for @entity1317 ( @entity1317 ) following cervical spine fractures is routinely performed across @entity130 centers in North America. From 2002 to 2007, the total number of neck CT angiography (CTA) studies performed in the Medicare population after @entity130 increased from 9796 to 115,021. In the era of cost-effective medical care, the authors aimed to evaluate the utility of CTA screening in detecting @entity1317 and reduce chances of posterior circulation @entity64 after traumatic cervical spine fractures. METHODS A retrospective review of all @entity1 presenting with cervical spine fractures to Northeast Ohio's Level I @entity130 institution from 2002 to 2012 was performed. RESULTS There was a total of 1717 cervical spine fractures in @entity1 presenting to Northeast Ohio's Level I @entity130 institution between 2002 and 2012. CTA screening was performed in 732 @entity1 , and 51 @entity1 (0.7%) were found to have a @entity1317 . @entity174 patterns with increased odds of @entity1317 were @entity6746 and @entity3627 combined fractures, @entity174 , and subluxation of adjacent vertebral levels. Ten posterior circulation @entity64 were identified in this @entity1 population (0.6%) and found in only 4 of 51 cases of @entity1317 (7.8%). High-risk fractures defined by Denver Criteria, @entity1317 , and antiplatelet treatment of @entity1317 were not independent predictors of @entity64 . CONCLUSIONS Cost-effective screening must be reevaluated in the setting of blunt cervical spine fractures on a case-by-case basis. Further prospective studies must be performed to elucidate the utility of screening for @entity1317 and posterior circulation @entity64 prevention, if identified.

title: Screening via CT angiogram after traumatic cervical spine fractures: narrowing imaging to improve cost effectiveness. Experience of a Level I XXXX center.

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['Fracture', 'transverse foramen fractures']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral artery injury', 'VAI']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: AIM: @entity1149 is the leading cause of @entity5 related to @entity204 in the world. @entity957 ( @entity957 ) is the second most frequent histological @entity2 . Recently, growth factors, growth factor receptors, and signal transduction system-related gene amplifications and mutations are extensively under investigation to estimate the prognosis and to develop individualized therapies in @entity957 . In this study, besides the signal transduction molecule @entity8736 kinase ( @entity13344 ) p110a, we explored the expressions of @entity540 ( @entity540 ) and receptor-1 ( @entity7167 ) in @entity5 tissue and also their clinical and prognostic significance in @entity1 with early/advanced @entity957 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2013, 129 @entity1 (23 early, 106 @entity1442 ) with a histopathological @entity957 diagnosis were selected from the hospital files of Cukurova University Medical Faculty for this study. Two independent pathologists evaluated @entity7167 , @entity540 , and @entity10412 (p110a) expressions in both @entity5 and stromal tissues from 99 of the @entity1 with sufficient tissue samples, using immunohistochemistry. Considering survival analysis separately for @entity1 with both early and advanced stage diseases, the relationship between the clinical features of the @entity1 and expressions were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: @entity7167 expression was found to be low in 59 (60%) @entity1 and high in 40 (40%) @entity1 . For @entity540 ; 12 (12%) @entity1 had high, 87 (88%) @entity1 had low expression and for @entity13344 ; 31 (32%) @entity1 had high and 66 (68%) @entity1 had low expressions. In univariate analysis, overall survival (OS) was significantly associated with stage of the disease and the performance status of the @entity1 (P<0.0001 and P<0.001). There was no significant difference in OS of the @entity1 with either low or high expressions of @entity7167 , @entity540 , and @entity13344 . When the @entity1 with early or advanced stage disease were separately taken into consideration, the relationship did not differ, either. Any of @entity7167 , @entity540 or @entity13344 expressions was not found predictive for the treatment of early or advanced staged @entity1 . On the other hand, the expressions of both @entity7167 and @entity540 were significantly different with respect to smoking, scar of @entity378 and scar of radiotherapy (P=0.002; P=0.06 and P=0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION: There has not been identified an effective individualized treatment for @entity957 yet. Therefore, in order to be able to develop such a treatment in the future, it is essential to identify the @entity74 that are responsible for the biological behaviors and carcinogenesis of @entity957 . Although we could not show the prognostic and predictive significance of @entity7167 , @entity540 and @entity13344 expressions in @entity957 , we determined the expression rates of @entity7167 , @entity540 and @entity13344 as a reference for Turkish @entity1 . In conclusion, we want to put some emphasis on the fact that, @entity3794 which is a late complication of radiotherapy at @entity5 , and the scar of @entity378 could be associated with @entity7167 and @entity540 expressions.

title: Expression of @entity7167 , @entity540 , phosphatidyl inositol 3 phosphate kinase and their clinical and prognostic significance in early and advanced stage of squamous cell XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8736 :: ('MESH:C055525', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidyl inositol-3-phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III disease', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SqCLC', 'Squamous cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['Non-small cell lung carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['subtype of lung carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['fibroblast growth factor 2', 'FGF2']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the lung']


abstract: @entity52362 is a rare @entity5 with (immuno-) histological features of epithelial cells, surrounded by various amounts of osteofibrous tissue. Recent studies have indicated that cells with an epithelial phenotype are most probably the malignant element. There is still debate as to whether the fibrous part should be designed as a benign neoplastic element of a @entity5 or as a reactive non-neoplastic tissue next to an epithelioid @entity5 . The expression of @entity540 ( @entity540 ), @entity4179 ( @entity4179 ), and their respective receptors @entity7167 and @entity470 , as well as the proliferation marker Ki-67, was studied in both constituents of @entity7197 in serial sections of 25 cases by immunohistochemistry. Expression of @entity540 and its receptor was present in both constituents of @entity7197 , but predominated in the epithelial component. Expression of @entity4179 and its receptor was restricted to the epithelial component of @entity7197 . Comparing @entity9051 ( @entity9051 )-like @entity7197 with classic epithelial cell-rich @entity7197 , the expression of @entity540 , @entity4179 , and @entity470 was more intense and in a higher percentage of cells in classic @entity7197 . Proliferative activity was found nearly exclusively in the epithelial component. These data further substantiate the hypothesis that epithelial cells constitute the proliferating @entity5 cell population responsible for the malignant behaviour of @entity7197 . The data indicate that during progression, the epithelial cells acquire expression of @entity540 , @entity4179 , and @entity470 , accompanied by a higher proliferative activity. Within the epithelial cell population, there exists an autocrine pathway of growth stimulation. Furthermore, these data point to an interaction between the epithelial and fibrous components, in which the epithelial cells additionally stimulate fibrous cell growth via a paracrine pathway involving @entity540 .

title: Expression of growth factors and their receptors in XXXX and the implication for its histogenesis.

entities_list: @entity7197 :: ('MESH:D050398', 'Disease') :: ['adamantinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['bone tumour', 'biphasic tumour', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity52362 :: ('MESH:C562741', 'Disease') :: ['Adamantinoma of long bones']

entities_list: @entity540 :: ('2247', 'Gene') :: ['FGF-2', 'fibroblast growth factor type 2']

entities_list: @entity4179 :: ('1950', 'Gene') :: ['epidermal growth factor', 'EGF']

entities_list: @entity9051 :: ('MESH:C563276', 'Disease') :: ['osteofibrous dysplasia', 'OFD']

answer: @entity52362 :: (MESH:C562741,Disease) :: ['adamantinoma of long bones']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3065 is malpositioning of the eyelids that, when moderate or severe, can negatively affect visual development during its critical period, resulting in @entity4457 : diminished visual acuity with no apparent organic cause. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential for preventing @entity4457 . @entity3065 is uncommon but poses a challenge to any ophthalmologist; the only treatment is surgical. Among these @entity1 in Cuba, those with the most complex clinical characteristics are generally referred to the Ram  n Pando Ferrer Ophthalmology Institute in Havana. OBJECTIVE: Characterize visual acuity outcomes obtained in @entity1 seen at this Institute who received surgery for simple @entity3065 using the frontalis sling procedure. METHOD: A descriptive prospective longitudinal study was conducted to describe visual acuity outcomes in 11 @entity1 with a diagnosis of isolated @entity3065 seen in the Oculoplastic Service of the Ram  n Pando Ferrer Ophthalmology Institute between January and July 2009 and operated on using the frontalis sling procedure. The majority exhibited severe @entity227 (0.1-0.5) prior to surgery. Variables employed were age, sex, degree of @entity1736 , degree of @entity1736 correction, visual acuity, and complications during surgery and postoperatively. RESULTS: Male @entity1 aged 1-4 years predominated. Visual acuity improved in 100% of @entity1 , to varying degrees. Prior to surgery, 72% had visual acuity of 0.1-0.5. Six months post-surgery, with visual rehabilitation, 90.9% exhibited visual acuity of >0.5. In 81.8% of @entity1 , @entity1736 was fully corrected. Complications were minimal: injury to the palpebral tarsus and undercorrection were the most common and did not affect final surgical outcome or interfere with rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: Correction of @entity3065 using the frontalis sling technique yielded satisfactory visual acuity outcomes, contributing to visual rehabilitation of the affected @entity1 .

title: Improved visual acuity after frontalis sling surgery for simple XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual acuity impairment']

entities_list: @entity3065 :: ('MESH:C566737', 'Disease') :: ['congenital ptosis', 'Congenital ptosis']

entities_list: @entity1736 :: ('MESH:D001763', 'Disease') :: ['ptosis', 'palpebral ptosis']

entities_list: @entity4457 :: ('MESH:D000550', 'Disease') :: ['amblyopia']

answer: @entity3065 :: (MESH:C566737,Disease) :: ['congenital ptosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term visual and anatomical outcomes for @entity1 treated with submacular surgery for @entity1940 associated with endogenous @entity3225 . METHODS: Review of the medical records, @entity941 angiograms, fundus photographs, and histopathologic specimens of @entity1 treated with submacular surgery for @entity1940 following @entity3225 . RESULTS: This series included 3 @entity1 (1 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 ) who were 26, 30, and 60 years of age. Each @entity1 had received systemic antifungal treatment for culture-proven @entity295 before the development of @entity1940 . Each @entity1 had bilateral @entity1940 diagnosed by biomicroscopic examination and angiographic appearance: 2 eyes had an active subfoveal membrane; 2, an active juxtafoveal subretinal membrane; and 2, a mixture of active @entity2295 with subfoveal @entity82 . Submacular surgery was performed on five eyes with @entity1940 ; one eye with subfoveal @entity82 was observed. Visual acuity improved substantially in 4 eyes of 3 @entity1 treated with submacular surgery. Visual improvement was limited in the two eyes with preexisting submacular @entity82 . During 13-month to 82-month follow-ups, vision remained stable, with no recurrence of @entity2295 . CONCLUSION: @entity1940 can cause severe @entity227 in @entity1 with endogenous @entity281 . Submacular surgery with removal of @entity1940 may restore vision in selected @entity1 . Subfoveal @entity82 may limit visual improvement.

title: Visual and anatomical outcome following submacular surgery for XXXX secondary to @entity3225 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['candidal septicemia']

entities_list: @entity1940 :: ('MESH:D020256', 'Disease') :: ['Choroidal neovascularization', 'choroidal neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['subfoveal neovascularization', 'neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['candidal infection']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity3225 :: ('MESH:D009877', 'Disease') :: ['candidal endophthalmitis']

answer: @entity1940 :: (MESH:D020256,Disease) :: ['choroidal neovascularization']


abstract: @entity1 colon @entity420 have histological parameters that are clearly associated with prognosis. These include @entity5 grade, pattern of invasion, presence of lymphocytes, and vascular involvement by @entity5 . The latter remains controversial with respect to the relative importance of intramural and extramural vascular involvement. Some studies show a poor prognosis for intramural invasion of capillary size vascular channels by @entity5 . On the other hand, when veins are involved by @entity5 , the presence of @entity5 in large extramural veins appears to have a much more ominous effect than intramural @entity5 involvement of small veins. The results of DNA analysis of @entity14 varied greatly depending on study methodology but several important points can be summarized: (1) higher stage @entity5 have a greater proportion of @entity5 ; (2) @entity5 tend to have a higher growth rate (SPF) and poorer survival than @entity5 ; and (3) @entity5 are associated with histological parameters indicative of a poor prognosis such as vascular invasion, but ploidy is not related to @entity5 grade. One of the major problems in drawing firm conclusions about the relationship of flow cytometric DNA measurements to prognosis is great variability among the reported studies. The types of variation appear to fall into two major categories: @entity1 selection and technical problems. The former are especially relevant in retrospective studies in which there is poor @entity1 definition (site, grade, stage, and other @entity5 ) and a bias for selecting early stage @entity5 which have improved survivals. The latter includes a spectrum of technical problems inherent in this widely but not necessarily uniformly applied laboratory procedure. This is particularly true for DNA analysis of nuclei removed from paraffin tissue blocks. For the most part, quality control measurements including cell yields, the efficiency of extraction or disaggregation of aneuploid cells, exclusion of non-neoplastic cells, and other features characteristic of the scientific method are seldom included in studies of DNA analysis of solid @entity5 . Hopefully, a consensus regarding optimum technical and analytic methods will evolve, followed by the careful definition of @entity1 @entity694 cohorts. The importance of further studies is suggested by the results of this review which indicated that the presence of an aneuploid cell population is associated with a less favorable prognosis for all @entity14 .

title: Histopathologic parameters and DNA analysis in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'standard tumor definitions', 'diploid tumors', 'aneuploid tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas', 'colorectal tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenocarcinomas']


abstract: Stored sera from 466 @entity1 with @entity1723 and from 144 controls were examined for organ-specific antibodies to @entity1 adrenal cortex. Adrenal antibodies were found in seven of the @entity1 with @entity1723 (1.5%) and in one control (0.7%). None of 91 black @entity1 with @entity1723 had adrenal antibodies. All of the seven @entity1 with adrenal antibodies had other organ-specific antibodies. Three had clinical @entity1375 and one was @entity3935 . All of these seven @entity1 had a HLA-B8-bearing haplotype, suggesting that the B8-bearing haplotype confers an extremely high "relative risk" for adrenal autoimmunity in @entity1723 . Organ-specific @entity792 and/or organ-specific antibodies were found in 30% of the first-degree relatives of these eight probands with the adrenal antibodies (seven with @entity1723 and one control). We conclude that screening @entity1 with @entity1723 for adrenal antibodies of low yield (1.9% among white @entity1 ). Further, adrenal antibodies may be present for at least two years without the development of @entity5343 . Antibodies reactive only to the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex may be benign. @entity1 with @entity1723 and thyroid microsomal antibodies are more likely to have adrenal antibodies (6.5%), as are @entity1 with @entity1723 and a B8-bearing haplotype and those with @entity1723 and family histories of organ-specific autoimmunity.

title: Adrenal autoantibodies and XXXX in @entity1723 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1375 :: ('MESH:D007037', 'Disease') :: ['hypothyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxic']

entities_list: @entity5343 :: ('MESH:D000224', 'Disease') :: ['Addison disease']

entities_list: @entity1723 :: ('MESH:D003922', 'Disease') :: ['IDDM', 'insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity5343 :: (MESH:D000224,Disease) :: ['Addison disease']


abstract: This article presents a preliminary analysis of 118 @entity791 ( @entity791 ) @entity1 with @entity16 . 86% of @entity1 in this series were homosexual, and the @entity791 diagnosis was made on the basis of @entity1292 in almost 50% and of @entity2826 with or without @entity1292 in 38%. @entity4767 (e.g., subacute @entity198 , @entity3252 , primary @entity149 ) were the most common group of complications, and autopsy findings indicated that 87% of @entity1 eventually developed CNS complications. Subacute @entity198 was found alone or with other pathology in over 2/3 of autopsied brains. Principal neuropathologic changes in @entity791 include the presence of scattered glial nodules, especially in gray matter. To define the clinical features of the glial nodule subacute @entity198 , the clinical features of 18 @entity1 exhibiting these changes at postmortem examination were further analyzed. With the exception of @entity410 , clinical manifestations were nonfocal, correlating with the diffuse distribution of the microscopic pathology. CNS symptoms most commonly followed the diagnosis of @entity791 by 2-9 months, and 11 of these 18 @entity1 died within 6 months of onset of @entity6220 . The electroencephalogram (EEG) was abnormal in 100% of @entity1 tested, while computerized tomographic (CT) scans were abnormal in 70%, with @entity194 being the most common finding. The cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) was abnormal in 67%. Early complaints were difficulty in concentration or @entity2414 which progressed in some to severe global @entity303 or @entity772 . Neither the etiology nor the pathogenesis of subacute @entity198 have been established, although cytomegalovirus is regarded as a prime etiologic candidate.

title: XXXX complicating @entity791 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2826 :: ('MESH:D012514', 'Disease') :: ["Kaposi's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity4767 :: ('MESH:D002494', 'Disease') :: ['Central nervous system (CNS) infections']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity6220 :: ('MESH:D020279', 'Disease') :: ['CNS dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity198 :: ('MESH:D004660', 'Disease') :: ['encephalitis']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic disease']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['CNS lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['cortical atrophy']

entities_list: @entity3252 :: ('MESH:D014123', 'Disease') :: ['toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infection']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['memory loss']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome', 'AIDS']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['Neurological syndromes']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the safety and efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for the treatment of @entity263 as assessed in a Phase II/III prospective multicentric clinical trial. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 (N = 402) presenting with localized (stage T(1-2)N(0-x)M(0)) @entity263 between 1995 and 1999 at six European sites who were not candidates for radical prostatectomy were treated with HIFU under general or spinal anesthesia. Their mean age was 69.3 +/- 7.1 (SD) years, the mean prostate volume 28.0 +/- 13.8 cc, and the mean serum @entity1486 (PSA) concentration 10.9 +/- 8.7 ng/mL. Nearly all (92.2%) of the @entity1 had one to four positive biopsy samples at baseline. The Gleason scores were 2 to 4 for 13.2% of the @entity1 , 5 to 7 for 77.5%, and 8 to 10 for 9.3%. During the follow-up, random sextant biopsies and serum PSA measurements were performed. Any positive sample in biopsies performed after the last treatment session resulted in a "HIFU failure" classification. RESULTS: The @entity1 received a mean of 1.4 HIFU sessions. The mean follow-up duration was 407 days (quartile 1 135 days, median 321 days, quartile 3 598 days). The negative biopsy rate observed in the T1-2 primary-care population was 87.2%. These results were also stratified according to the usual disease-related risk classification, and as much as a 92.1% negative biopsy rate was observed in low-risk @entity1 . Nadir PSA results correlated with prostate size and the clinical procedure. CONCLUSION: These short-term results obtained on a large cohort confirm that HIFU is an option to be considered for the primary treatment of @entity263 .

title: High-intensity focused ultrasound and XXXX : efficacy results from the European multicentric study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['localized prostate cancer', 'prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate specific antigen']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['localized prostate cancer']


abstract: @entity1 plasma cholinesterase was found to be inhibited by @entity12259 in a biphasic manner. The faster phase of the inhibition led to loss of approximately 50% of the activity (measured at pH 7.0, 30 degrees C, using 2.5 mM @entity1387 ) and was irreversible. Inhibition in the slower phase was reversible by 0.25 M @entity8696 . The protective effect of 1 mM @entity1169 indicated that the target residue in both phases was localized at the active site. Lineweaver-Burk plots for @entity1387 were obtained at different times during the course of inactivation. It was found that for both native and partially inactivated enzymes the plots could be analyzed in terms of two activities showing hyperbolic saturation with the substrate, with Km values of 0.055 +/- 0.015 and 2.0 +/- 0.2 mM. The @entity26408 affected the maximal velocities of the component activities, leaving the Km's unchanged. The low-Km component was lost in the first phase of the inactivation. The loss of the high-Km component paralleled the second phase. It was concluded that the active sites in the tetrameric enzyme form two classes, differing in their affinity for @entity1387 and their susceptibility to inhibition by the active site-directed @entity26408 .

title: Differential reactivity of active sites in @entity1 plasma cholinesterase toward XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity12259 :: ('MESH:D005022', 'Chemical') :: ['1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity26408 :: ('CHEBI:53091', 'Chemical') :: ['carbodiimide']

entities_list: @entity8696 :: ('MESH:D019811', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxylamine']

entities_list: @entity1387 :: ('MESH:D002092', 'Chemical') :: ['butyrylthiocholine']

answer: @entity12259 :: (MESH:D005022,Chemical) :: ['1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide']


abstract: We recently experienced two @entity1 with @entity64 -like symptoms and ascending @entity1580 (AAD) in our outpatient department. Both @entity1 were transferred to our hospital presenting with @entity51 such as @entity1269 and conjugate deviation. They did not complain from any chest or @entity490 . Their MRI did not show fresh @entity1188 or main @entity732 . A chest CT image showed AAD. The former @entity1 was immediately transferred to a tertiary hospital and the latter received conservative management in the cardiovascular department. Discussion. As neither @entity1 was experiencing any @entity158 , we initially diagnosed them with @entity385 and began treatment. Fortunately, @entity548 complications did not occur. In such cases, problems are caused when intravenous @entity3479 ) injection is administered with the aim of reopening the occluded intracranial arteries. In fact, @entity1 with AAD undergoing t-PA injection have been reported to die from @entity548 complications without any recognition of the dissection. These findings suggest that confirmation using carotid ultrasound, carotid MR angiography, and a D-dimer test is crucial and should be adopted in emergency departments.

title: Consideration of two cases of ascending @entity1580 that began with XXXX -like symptoms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity732 :: ('MESH:D015356', 'Disease') :: ['branch occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3479 :: ('5327', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) in @entity85 ( @entity85 ) surgery. METHODS @entity1 undergoing single-stay @entity85 reconstructions were identified in a multicenter database. @entity1 were divided into groups according to PABD (either PABD or NoPABD). Propensity weighting was used to create matched cohorts of PABD and NoPABD @entity1 . Allogeneic (ALLO) exposure, autologous (AUTO) wastage (unused AUTO), and complication rates were compared between groups. RESULTS Four hundred twenty-eight @entity1 were identified as meeting eligibility criteria. Sixty @entity1 were treated with PABD, of whom 50 were matched to 50 @entity1 who were not treated with PABD (NoPABD). Nearly one-third of @entity1 in the PABD group (18/60, 30%) did not receive any autologous transfusion and donated blood was wasted. In 6 of these cases (6/60, 10%), @entity1 received ALLO blood transfusions without AUTO. In 9 cases (9/60, 15%), @entity1 received ALLO and AUTO blood transfusions. Overall rates of transfusion of any type were similar between groups (PABD 70% [42/60], NoPABD 75% [275/368], p = 0.438). Major and minor in-hospital complications were similar between groups (Major PABD 10% [6/60], NoPABD 12% [43/368], p = 0.537; Minor PABD 30% [18/60], NoPABD 24% [87/368], p = 0.499). When controlling for potential confounders, PABD @entity1 were more likely to receive some transfusion (OR 15.1, 95% CI 2.1-106.7). No relationship between PABD and ALLO blood exposure was observed, however, refuting the concept that PABD is protective against ALLO blood exposure. In the matched cohorts, PABD @entity1 were more likely to sustain a major perioperative @entity299 (PABD 8/50 [16%], NoPABD 1/50 [2%], p = 0.046). No differences in rates of @entity2737 were observed between cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative autologous blood donation was associated with a higher probability of perioperative transfusions of any type in @entity1 with @entity85 . No protective effect of PABD against ALLO blood exposure was observed, and no risk of perioperative @entity166 complications was observed in @entity1 exposed to ALLO blood only. The benefit of PABD in @entity1 with @entity85 remains undefined.

title: Effectiveness of preoperative autologous blood donation for protection against allogeneic blood exposure in XXXX surgeries: a propensity-matched cohort analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['infection or wound-healing complications']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complication']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['adult spinal deformity', 'ASD']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['adult spinal deformity']


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and compare the costs of first-line monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) treatment protocols in @entity0 , @entity1893 and @entity14 in South-Eastern Europe. METHODS: A retrospective, bottom-up case series study design was implemented with one-year time horizon and payer's perspective. The study sample size was 265 @entity1 ( @entity0 , N=137; @entity14 , N=44; and @entity1893 , N=84), while treatment protocols included adjuvant mAbs: trastuzumab (N=137), bevacizumab (N=28), rituximab (N=16) and cetuximab (N=84). ICD-10 related resources use included history of medical services utilization, chronology (time out of service provision) and unit consumption of examinations, drugs prescribed, imaging, radiotherapy and surgical procedures provided etc., direct medical and lost productivity costs (   ) across treatment groups during 2010-2013. RESULTS: The average length of observation was 125+97 days per @entity1 . Total mean direct and indirect costs of care were: trastuzumab for @entity0 group     17,740 per @entity1 ; bevacizumab for @entity14 group    8,775 per @entity1 ; cetuximab for @entity14 group     27,181 per @entity1 ; and rituximab for @entity1893 group    19,431 per @entity1 . An average mAbs-treated @entity1 incurred    17,897 costs of medical care. The total combined budget of these 330 @entity1 was    4,742,775. CONCLUSIONS: The use of mAbs strongly correlated with high costs in @entity5 medical care and dominated other cost domains. Cetuximab-based treatment protocols in @entity14 @entity1 was substantially more expensive compared to trastuzumab (C50), bevacizumab (C20), and rituximab (C80) alternatives. Extremely high costs of mAbs are the key-issue for Eastern European policy makers by crossing the upper limits of affordability in middle-income economies.

title: Costs differences among monoclonal antibodies-based first-line oncology XXXX protocols for @entity0 , @entity14 and @entity1893 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['first-line cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about @entity1 ' views on taking selective @entity750 -reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and their decision-making processes regarding either continuation or discontinuation within a few months of initiating therapy. OBJECTIVE: To explore the experiences and beliefs of SSRI users in relation to initiation and execution of treatment, with the intention to identify patterns leading to discontinuation or continuation of treatment. METHODS: Semistructured qualitative interview study. Eighteen @entity1 , older than 18 years, were interviewed 3 months after starting SSRI treatment prescribed by a general practitioner (GP), 9 of whom had discontinued (discontinuers) and 9 of whom continued treatment (continuers). RESULTS: Two main patterns lead to either discontinuation or continuation of use. Continuers were satisfied with the GP's role during initiation and execution of SSRI treatment and fully trusted their decision. Continuers' attitudes toward treatment were predominantly positive; they seemed to have little doubt about the necessity of using an SSRI and hardly considered discontinuing for fear of relapse. Discontinuers, on the other hand, seemed to be less involved in decision making and often appeared to have little confidence in their GPs. Most discontinuers felt that they lacked knowledge, and their attitude toward taking SSRIs was rather negative. Discontinuers often were unconvinced about the necessity of using an SSRI and appeared to have a strong desire to discontinue treatment. CONCLUSION: Lack of shared decision making between @entity1 and GP, limited counseling during treatment, lack of knowledge, and @entity1 ' negative attitudes toward SSRI use and the disease itself, hampered the acceptance of the SSRI and brought on the decisional conflict to discontinue treatment. Health care professionals could be more supportive during the initial months of SSRI treatment by eliciting @entity1 ' considerations for continuing or discontinuing treatment.

title: The decision to continue or discontinue treatment: experiences and beliefs of users of selective XXXX -reuptake inhibitors in the initial months--a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity750 :: (MESH:D012701,Chemical) :: ['serotonin']


abstract: Analysis of base composition has proven important for functional gene analysis. By comparing base composition and codon usage between two specific @entity1 gene families we were able to show a highly conserved @entity377 distribution among the members of one gene family and a significant difference between the two families. The two groups selected for analysis were the @entity1 @entity4050 gene family, which represents six secreted @entity1 plasma proteins with functions in immune defense, and a class of four @entity1 @entity219 finger proteins, termed early growth response (EGR) proteins, which represent DNA-binding transcription factors. The @entity377 distribution of each gene family is distinct: members of the @entity4050 gene family represent @entity1129 -rich genes, displaying an overall @entity1129 @entity377 content of 62.8% and a particular preference for A @entity2036 (33.9%). In contrast, the EGR genes are GC-rich (55.9%) and C @entity2036 are used in 31.2%. This @entity377 difference affects codon usage among synonymous codons and is considered of biological significance, as it affects DNA stability. The codon preference is particularly high at codon position 3, where each family selects for codons which have the preferred @entity377 at this silent third position. At position 3, A @entity2036 are preferred by @entity4050 genes in 36.3% of the 2, 503 codons analyzed, compared to 10% of the 1,876 codons analyzed for the EGR family. In contrast, C @entity2036 are used by the EGR family in 48.1%, compared to 16% of the triplets used by the @entity4050 gene family. This comparison of two @entity1 gene families shows that @entity377 distribution and codon usage is not uniform within the @entity1 organism and the described differences most likely represent selection constraints between the polymorphic @entity4050 and highly conserved EGR genes.

title: Two @entity1 gene families display preferences for different XXXX and have distinct codon usage patterns.

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

answer: @entity2036 :: (MESH:D009711,Chemical) :: ['nucleotides']


abstract: We performed a population-based case-control study of risk factors for primary invasive @entity327 type b (Hib) disease in metropolitan Atlanta from July 1, 1983, through June 30, 1984. Active surveillance identified 102 cases in @entity1 less than 5 years of age, 89 of whom lived in households with telephones. We used random digit dialing to select 530 controls who were postmatched to cases by age. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between @entity6932 and two independent exposure factors, household crowding (odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95% confidence limits (CL) 1.3 to 5.6) and day-care attendance. For day-care attendance, relative risk was highest in 2- to 5-month-old @entity1 (OR 17.7, 95% CL 5.8 to 54.4) and declined to 9.4 (4.3 to 20.9) at ages 6 to 11 months, 5.0 (2.7 to 9.3) at 12 to 23 months, 2.7 (1.3 to 5.5) at 24 to 35 months, and 1.4 (0.5 to 4.0) in 36- to 59-month-old @entity1 . Fifty percent of all invasive @entity6932 that occurred during the study period was attributable to exposure to day-care; the attributable risk for household crowding was 18%. Dose-response effects were observed for hours per week of day-care attendance and extent of household crowding. Breast-feeding was protective for @entity1 less than 6 months of age (OR 0.08, 95% CL 0.01 to 0.59). After controlling for socioeconomic and other confounding factors, we could demonstrate no effect of black race on cumulative risk of invasive @entity6932 . Our study defines high-risk groups and provides a population-based model of the interrelationship between risk factors associated with invasive @entity6932 .

title: Primary invasive XXXX type b disease: a population-based assessment of risk factors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'children']

entities_list: @entity327 :: ('727', 'Species') :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']

entities_list: @entity6932 :: ('MESH:D008583', 'Disease') :: ['Hib disease']

answer: @entity327 :: (727,Species) :: ['Haemophilus influenzae']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aortic valve interstitial cell (AVIC) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity472 . In response to proinflammatory stimulation, the AVIC undergoes a phenotypic change from that of a myofibroblast phenotype to that of osteoblast-like cell. @entity9198 ( @entity9198 ) has been identified as an important inhibitor of @entity729 . We therefore hypothesized that @entity9198 expression is reduced in diseased AVICs, and loss of this protective protein contributes to @entity730 of the aortic valve. Our purpose was to compare @entity9198 expression in normal versus diseased AVICs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 AVICs were isolated from normal aortic valves from explanted hearts (n  =  6) at the time of heart transplantation. AVICs were also isolated from calcified, diseased valves of @entity1 (n  =  6) undergoing aortic valve replacement. AVICs were grown in culture until they reached passages 2-6 before experimentation. Immunofluorescent staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to compare levels of @entity9198 in normal and diseased AVICs. Statistics were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test (P  <  0.05). RESULTS: @entity9198 expression was significantly decreased in diseased AVICs relative to normal AVICs by immunofluorescent staining, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS: An important anti- @entity730 defense mechanism is deficient in calcified aortic valves. @entity9198 expression is significantly lower in diseased relative to normal AVICs. Lack of this important "anti- @entity730 " protein may contribute to @entity730 of the aortic valve.

title: Matrix Gla protein regulates XXXX of the aortic valve.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity9198 :: ('4256', 'Gene') :: ['MGP', 'Matrix Gla-protein']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity729 :: ('MESH:D061205', 'Disease') :: ['vascular calcification']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity730 :: (MESH:D002114,Disease) :: ['calcification']


abstract: AIMS: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is considered to be one of the important risk factors for @entity299 . Frank @entity6 is usually preceded by long term abnormality in @entity413 homeostasis which is called pre- @entity6 . The hypothesis that @entity6 @entity1 have greater risk and worse prognosis of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) than pre- @entity6 is controversial. Considering that India has been declared as a @entity6 capital of the world, the study aimed to assess the load of pre @entity6 , @entity6 and non- @entity6 landing in @entity583 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of through physiological and biochemical evaluation of 200 @entity1 of newly diagnosed @entity583 and evaluating the load of non- @entity6 , pre- @entity6 and @entity6 among them. RESULT: It was found that the total non- @entity6 population (normoglycaemic and pre- @entity6 ) formed the bulk of @entity583 @entity1 (69%) in our study. The degree of biochemical alterations seen among the three groups suggests that abnormal @entity413 homeostasis is not the sole determinant of the severity of @entity583 . The study data also suggests that glycaemic status, which poses a risk for @entity583 , differs in male and female individuals. Males even with normal @entity413 level are at increased risk to develop MI. CONCLUSION: The study concludes that both males and females with their blood @entity413 in pre- @entity6 range are seen to be vulnerable to develop @entity583 . Thus all individuals irrespective of their glycaemic status around the age of forty should be screened and individuals with fasting sugar in pre- @entity6 range should take extra precaution in terms of healthy diet, life style and regular check up.

title: Glycaemic status in XXXX of @entity583 : A detailed analysis.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetic', 'diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['Acute Myocardial Infarction', 'AMI', 'myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: The role of laparoscopic surgery in @entity1 with @entity30 remains to be defined, although increasingly difficult cases are being treated using minimally invasive techniques. We examined technical feasibility in 20 @entity1 with @entity30 associated with @entity292 . METHODS: Laparoscopic surgery was attempted in 37 @entity1 with stricturing @entity4628 or @entity30 from 1994 to 2000 after failure of strict nutritional therapy. Twenty of these @entity1 with a total of 31 intestinal @entity292 (14 ileoileal, 6 ileocolonic, 5 ileorectal, 2 ileovesical, 2 ileocutaneous, 1 gastrocolic, and 1 ileoduodenal) underwent 25 operations. Fistulas were divided intracorporeally, except for @entity292 . Fifteen @entity1 underwent ileocecal resection; six underwent strictureplasty; six underwent partial resection of the small intestine; three underwent segmental colonic resection; and one underwent resection of anastomotic recurrence. Median follow-up was 48 (range, 5-77) months. RESULTS: Oral intake was started a median of 1 (range, 1-9) day after operation, and @entity1 were discharged a median of 8 (range, 6-21) days after surgery. Four complications were observed in 25 operations (16 percent), including 1 @entity1321 , and 1 @entity6177 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative deaths. Four of the 5 operations were converted to open surgery (16 percent). Three of the 5 @entity1 (60 percent) who required reoperation for anastomotic recurrence underwent repeated laparoscopic surgery using the same small incision. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic treatment for @entity30 complicated by @entity292 is feasible without high complication or conversion rates. Recurrent disease requiring reoperation can also be successfully treated using laparoscopic methods.

title: Successful application of laparoscopic surgery to the treatment of XXXX with @entity292 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal disease']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['ileoileal fistulas', 'fistulas']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction/ileus, 2 wound infections']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ["ileocolonic Crohn's disease", "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity30 :: (MESH:D003424,Disease) :: ['Crohn's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mean platelet component (MPC) is a new platelet variable, measured by modern commercial complete blood count analyzers, that is reduced during platelet activation in @entity1 and small animals. HYPOTHESIS: MPC decreases in @entity1641 with clinical conditions that cause platelet activation and @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ). ANIMALS: We obtained 418 CBCs from 100 sick and 20 healthy neonates and 178 sick and 45 sound adult @entity1641 . Sick neonates were classified into septic and nonseptic, and @entity5642 and non- @entity5642 groups. Adults were grouped by diagnoses (systemic inflammatory disorders, @entity344 , and @entity882 ). METHODS: MPC together with platelet count, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width, and platelet component distribution width were measured with a commercial analyzer and compared between the different disease and control groups in neonates and in adults. RESULTS: MPC values were significantly lower in the septic and nonseptic neonates (24.0 +/- 3.5 g/dL and 26.6 +/- 2.6 g/dL, respectively) than in the control group (28.1 +/- 1.7 g/dL). Neonates with @entity5642 had the lowest MPC values (23.8 +/- 6.3 g/dL). MPC values in adult @entity1641 were significantly lower in the inflammatory (23.5 +/- 4.7 g/dL), @entity344 (23.0 +/- 5.0 g/dL), @entity1681 (23.6 +/- 4.6 g/dL), @entity63 (23.9 +/- 5.1 g/dL), and @entity882 (20.2 +/- 5.7 g/dL) groups when compared with control @entity1641 (26.2 +/- 3.5 g/dL). Other platelet variables were not different between the control and the disease groups. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: MPC might be a useful variable for quickly and easily detecting platelet activation in sick neonates and adult @entity1641 .

title: Mean platelet component as an indicator of platelet activation in foals and adult XXXX .

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal obstruction', 'gastrointestinal problems']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['DIC', 'disseminated intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['horses']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics of bevacizumab following @entity7173 and IV administration, and to investigate combined bevacizumab therapy ( @entity7173 or IV) with @entity7173 @entity1311 or @entity3003 in a @entity19 model of @entity43 . METHODS: Bevacizumab pharmacokinetics were investigated following IV or @entity7173 dosing, and @entity19 bearing peritoneal A2780 xenografts were treated with vehicle, IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity1311 , @entity7173 @entity1311 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab, @entity7173 @entity3003 , and @entity7173 @entity3003 with co-administration of IV or @entity7173 bevacizumab. Survival time was defined as the time to @entity204 or the time to reach 120% of baseline body weight. RESULTS: Following @entity7173 administration, bevacizumab was rapidly absorbed and bioavailability was 92.8%. Median survival time, which was 33  days for control @entity19 , was increased by 24% with @entity7173 @entity1311 . @entity7173 @entity3003 failed to increase survival time when administered alone. IV and @entity7173 bevacizumab increased survival time by 42 and 33%. Combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity1311 was superior to @entity1311 alone (P  =  0.01 for IV and P  =  0.04 for @entity7173 bevacizumab), and combined bevacizumab and @entity7173 @entity3003 was superior to @entity3003 alone (P  =  0.002 for IV and P  =  0.02 for @entity7173 bevacizumab). There were no significant differences in survival between groups receiving bevacizumab IV or @entity7173 , either alone (P  =  0.586), in combination with @entity1311 (P  =  0.467), or in combination with @entity3003 (P  =  0.149). CONCLUSIONS: Following @entity7173 administration to @entity19 , bevacizumab demonstrates rapid and near complete absorption. Bevacizumab therapy, initiated prior to @entity7173 @entity3003 or @entity1311 administration, increased survival time significantly in @entity19 , and results were not dependent on the route of bevacizumab administration (IV vs. @entity7173 ).

title: Evaluation of combined bevacizumab and intraperitoneal @entity3003 or XXXX therapy in a @entity19 model of @entity43 .

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The onset of acute @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is accompanied by a rapid increase in electrical instability and often fatal @entity943 . The aim of this study was to assess the continuous @entity943 profile during the initial 48 hours after coronary artery ligation in the @entity35 in relation to time course, mortality, and @entity1188 size. METHODS AND RESULTS: Continuous ECG recording were obtained in 26 conscious, untethered @entity35 for 24 hours before and 48 hours after coronary ligation by use of an implantable telemetry system. All episodes of @entity1165 and @entity955 were counted and their durations summed. @entity1188 size was measured at 48 hours after @entity583 or after spontaneous @entity204 . After ligation, two distinctly active arrhythmogenic periods developed (A1, 0 to 0.5 hours; A2, 1.5 to 9 hours), each followed by a quiescent phase of low ectopy (Q1, 0.5 to 1.5 hours; Q2, 10 to 48 hours). The total mortality rate of 65% was found within the two active periods, with 13 of 15 @entity204 occurring in A2. @entity35 with larger @entity1188 (> or = 50%) and nonsurvivors tended to have increased @entity943 frequency and duration compared with both animals with smaller MIs (< 50%) and survivors. CONCLUSIONS: Two distinct arrhythmogenic periods occur in @entity35 with @entity583 that may be caused by different mechanisms and correspond to the bimodal @entity943 time course seen in @entity235 and @entity1 after @entity583 . Telemetric monitoring of the ECG in the conscious @entity35 after @entity1188 will be useful in assessment of the differential effects of therapeutic interventions on these two arrhythmogenic periods and in the study of potential mechanisms for the spontaneous resolution of @entity1540 and risk of @entity944 .

title: @entity943 and XXXX after coronary artery occlusion in the @entity35 . Continuous telemetric ECG monitoring in conscious, untethered @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Infarct', 'infarcts', 'infarction', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular ectopy']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['acute MI', 'myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['deaths', 'death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation (DCA) is the continuous counterregulation of cerebral blood flow to fluctuations in blood pressure. DCA can become impaired after @entity64 , but it remains unclear to what extent and over what interval this occurs. METHODS: We included 28 @entity1 (NIHSS = 12    6.5, age = 68.4    17.1, 16F) with acute large-vessel @entity385 in the middle cerebral artery territory and 29 healthy controls (mean age 54.9    9, 16F). DCA was assessed by simultaneous measurement of blood pressure together with blood flow velocities using finger plethysmography/arterial catheter and transcranial Doppler over three 10-minute recordings on days 0-2, 3-6 and >= 7 days after @entity64 . Transfer function analysis was applied to calculate average phase shift (PS) in the low frequency range (0.06-0.12 Hz). Less PS indicated poorer autoregulation. The affected side was compared with the unaffected side and controls. Univariate comparisons of data were performed using t tests at single time points, and generalized estimating equations with an exchangeable correlation matrix to examine the change in PS over time. RESULTS: At mean 1.3    0.5 days after @entity64 the average PS in the affected hemisphere was 29.6    10.5 vs. 42.5    13 degrees in the unaffected hemisphere (p = 0.004). At 4.1    1 days, the PS in affected and unaffected hemisphere was 23.2    19.1 vs. 41.7    18.5 degrees, respectively (p = 0.003). At mean 9.75    2.2 days @entity64 there was no difference between the affected and the unaffected hemisphere (53.2    28.2 vs. 50.7    29.2 degrees, p = 0.69). Control subjects had an average PS = 47.9    16.8, significantly different from @entity1 ' affected hemisphere at the first two measurements (p = 0.001), but not the third (p = 0.37). The PS in controls remained unchanged on repeat testing after an average 19.1 days (48.4    17.1, p = 0.61). Using the last recording as the reference, the average PS in the affected hemisphere was -23.54 (-44.1, -3) degrees lower on recording one (p = 0.025), and -31.6 (-56.1, -7.1) degrees lower on recording two (p < 0.011). Changes in the unaffected hemisphere over time were nonsignificant. DISCUSSION: These data suggest that dynamic cerebral autoregulation is impaired in the affected hemisphere throughout the first week after large-vessel @entity385 , and then normalizes by week two. These findings may have important implications for acute blood pressure management after @entity64 .

title: Dynamic cerebral autoregulation is transiently impaired for one week after large-vessel acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: @entity5406 ( @entity5406 ) is an immune complex-mediated reaction that may complicate the course of @entity1202 . @entity4530 in @entity1605 , though reported, are exceedingly rare. We report the case of a 32 year old female @entity1 who presented initially at our OPD with @entity5406 . Cutaneous examination revealed @entity1183 over dorsum of right foot and thickened right lateral popliteal nerve. Slit skin smear (SSS) from ear lobes revealed AFB with a bacteriological index of 2+. She was started on MDT, tablet @entity800 200 mg twice a day, and 30 mg oral @entity617 . Two months later, she presented with generalised @entity111 , large target lesions over the back, and @entity548 over lower extremities and annular pattern of bullae, over both arms. A SSS was repeated which was positive for AFB. Histopathology from @entity4530 was consistent with @entity5406 . Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) study was negative. Our @entity1 improved rapidly after she was started on @entity2816 100 mg twice daily, with withdrawal of @entity800 . @entity9374 ( @entity9374 ) and annular @entity4530 have been reported in @entity1 on treatment with @entity800 . This case is being presented due to the unusual and varied manifestation of @entity1605 in a 34 year old female @entity1 .

title: Annular XXXX with atypical @entity9374 in leprosy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1605 :: ('OMIM:217000', 'Disease') :: ['Type II reaction', 'Type II lepra reaction']

entities_list: @entity1183 :: ('MESH:D006987', 'Disease') :: ['impaired sensation']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic bullae']

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Bullous lesions', 'bullous lesions']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1202 :: ('MESH:D056006', 'Disease') :: ['multibacillary leprosy']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

entities_list: @entity800 :: ('MESH:D015242', 'Chemical') :: ['ofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity5406 :: ('MESH:D004893', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema nodosum leprosum', 'erythema nodosum', 'ENL']

entities_list: @entity9374 :: ('MESH:D004892', 'Disease') :: ['Erythema Multiforme', 'EMF']

answer: @entity4530 :: (MESH:D001768,Disease) :: ['bullous lesions']


abstract: Surveillance following orchiectomy alone has gained popularity in the management of clinical stage I non-seminomatous germ cell @entity5 (NSGCT) of the testis. However, long-term follow-up of the retroperitoneal nodes can be difficult. We analysed the results of 71 consecutive @entity1 followed for more than 1 year. Fifty @entity1 (70.5%) remain disease-free and 21 (29.5%) have relapsed. Relapses occurred 2 to 36 months after orchiectomy (median 6 months). Retroperitoneal nodes were involved in 12 cases (17%). In only one @entity1 were retroperitoneal @entity3 diagnosed when smaller than 2 cm and in four they were diagnosed when larger than 5 cm. Furthermore, the late relapses occurred in the retroperitoneal nodes. After treatment of @entity3 , 69 @entity1 (97%) are alive, disease-free and off therapy. As retroperitoneal relapses do not occur after a properly executed retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and ejaculation problems can be avoided with unilateral RPLND, it is suggested that RPLND can be used for clinical stage I NSGCT of the testis in experienced surgical centres, with the advantage of an easier follow-up.

title: Surveillance or lymph node dissection in clinical stage I non-seminomatous XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['germinal testis cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity2239 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity1311 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity1 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity204 , @entity583 ( @entity583 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity1 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity583 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity1 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity715 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity583 , and stent @entity715 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity2239 - and XXXX -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity2239 -Eluting Stents and @entity1311 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel', 'Paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity2239 :: ('MESH:C107135', 'Chemical') :: ['Everolimus', 'everolimus']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['Paclitaxel']


abstract: @entity1 with @entity10870 ( @entity10870 ) show @entity73 and production of spoken language, and can also present with motor, auditory, and phonological difficulties. Recent auditory studies have shown impaired sensitivity to amplitude rise time (ART) in @entity1 with @entity10870 , along with non-speech rhythmic timing difficulties. Linguistically, these @entity73 should affect sensitivity to speech prosody and syllable stress. Here we used two tasks requiring sensitivity to prosodic structure, the DeeDee task and a stress misperception task, to investigate this hypothesis. We also measured auditory processing of ART, rising pitch and sound duration, in both speech ("ba") and non-speech (tone) stimuli. @entity1 were 45 @entity1 with @entity22294 aged on average 9 years and 50 age-matched controls. We report data for all the @entity22294 @entity1 (N = 45, IQ varying), as well as for two independent @entity22294 subgroupings with intact IQ. One subgroup, "Pure @entity22294 ," had intact phonology and reading (N = 16), the other, " @entity22294 @entity11595 " (N = 15), had impaired phonology and reading. Problems with syllable stress and prosodic structure were found for all the group comparisons. Both sub-groups with intact IQ showed reduced sensitivity to ART in speech stimuli, but the @entity11595 subgroup also showed reduced sensitivity to sound duration in speech stimuli. Individual differences in processing syllable stress were associated with auditory processing. These data support a new hypothesis, the "prosodic phrasing" hypothesis, which proposes that grammatical difficulties in @entity22294 may reflect perceptual difficulties with global prosodic structure related to @entity1650 in processing amplitude rise time and duration.

title: Basic auditory processing and sensitivity to prosodic structure in @entity1 with XXXX : a new look at a perceptual hypothesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['perceptual impairments', 'impaired perception']

entities_list: @entity1650 :: ('MESH:D001308', 'Disease') :: ['auditory impairments']

entities_list: @entity10870 :: ('OMIM:606712', 'Disease') :: ['SLIs', 'specific language impairments']

answer: @entity10870 :: (OMIM:606712,Disease) :: ['specific language impairments']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study to evaluate the efficacy and side effects of linear accelerator radiosurgery in the treatment of cavernous @entity50 . METHODS: Between 1993 and 2001, 42 @entity1 with @entity1653 involving the cavernous sinus underwent linear accelerator radiosurgery at our institution. A mean radiation dose of 14 Gy was delivered to the @entity5 margin. The median @entity5 volume was 8.2 cm3 (mean, 8.4 cm3). Median follow-up was 36 months (mean, 38 mo). RESULTS: Control of @entity5 growth was achieved in 97.5% of the @entity1 . There was no mortality or permanent extraocular motor or @entity4611 . Treatment-related complications included new @entity16 in 4.7% and a new @entity227 in 2.8%. Two @entity1 required shunt placement after developing @entity1276 . One @entity1 with symptomatic temporal lobe @entity4 underwent partial excision of the @entity5 . Improvement of existing @entity129 was noted in 29% of affected trigeminal nerves, in 22% of oculomotor nerves, and in 13% of Cranial Nerves IV and VI. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that linear accelerator radiosurgery can achieve a high control rate of @entity1653 involving the cavernous sinus with no mortality and a low incidence of morbidity.

title: Linear accelerator radiosurgery for XXXX in and around the cavernous sinus.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['trigeminal neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['sinus meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['meningiomas']


abstract: Chemotherapy remains a commonly used therapeutic approach for many @entity5 . Indeed chemotherapy is relatively effective for treatment of certain @entity5 and it may be the only therapy (besides radiotherapy) that is appropriate for certain @entity5 . However, a common problem with chemotherapy is the development of drug resistance. Many studies on the mechanisms of drug resistance concentrated on the expression of membrane transporters and how they could be aberrantly regulated in drug resistant cells. Attempts were made to isolate specific inhibitors which could be used to treat drug resistant @entity1 . Unfortunately most of these drug transporter inhibitors have not proven effective for therapy. Recently the possibilities of more specific, targeted therapies have sparked the interest of clinical and basic researchers as approaches to kill @entity5 cells. However, there are also problems associated with these targeted therapies. Two key signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cell growth are the Ras/ @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 / @entity983 / @entity584 / @entity3470 pathways. Dysregulated signaling through these pathways is often the result of genetic alterations in critical components in these pathways as well as mutations in upstream growth factor receptors. Furthermore, these pathways may be activated by chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation. This review documents how their abnormal expression can contribute to drug resistance as well as resistance to targeted therapy. This review will discuss in detail @entity983 regulation as this is a critical @entity5 suppressor gene frequently dysregulated in @entity1 @entity5 which contributes to therapy resistance. Controlling the expression of these pathways could improve @entity5 therapy and ameliorate @entity1 health.

title: Therapeutic resistance resulting from mutations in @entity8496 / @entity8047 / @entity3963 and @entity10412 / @entity983 / @entity584 / XXXX signaling pathways.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

answer: @entity3470 :: (21977(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['mTOR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of sub-Tenon anesthesia for @entity1347 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1713 were treated with @entity1347 under sub-Tenon anesthesia. After topical anesthesia, a buttonhole was made through the conjuntiva and Tenon's capsule 4 mm posterior to the limbus. Four milliliters of anesthetic solution was then delivered into the posterior sub-Tenon space using a blunt cannula. The buckling procedure was done immediately after the completion of anesthesia. We evaluated @entity910 and recorded the @entity158 with a visual analogue scale after surgery. RESULTS: There were no anesthesia related complications. Twenty-two @entity1 (69%) reported no @entity158 during surgery. Nine @entity1 (28%) felt @entity158 during surgery. However, the @entity158 was tolerable and the surgeries were finished smoothly with or without a supplemental anesthetic solution. One @entity1 (3%) experienced uncomfortable @entity158 and needed an additional retrobulbar block. Five @entity1 (16%) retained @entity1319 5 min after anesthesia, and only 4 @entity1 (13%) experienced total @entity910 . At the end of the surgery, 16 @entity1 (50%) had total @entity910 and 2 @entity1 (6%) retained @entity1319 . CONCLUSIONS: Sub-Tenon anesthesia is efficient and safe in @entity1347 . It can prevent the complications of peribulbar or retrobulbar anesthesia and is a good alternative to both methods of anesthesia, especially in highly myopic eyes.

title: Sub-tenon anesthesia for XXXX and assessment of postoperative pain.

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['rhegmatogenous retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['segmental scleral buckling']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['akinesia']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['complete eye movement']

answer: @entity1347 :: (MESH:C537775,Disease) :: ['segmental scleral buckling']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) and dose-limiting @entity137 (DLT) of weekly Irinotecan ( @entity2600 ) plus UFT, and to assess the antitumour activity of this combination as second-line chemotherapy in @entity1 with advanced @entity14 , 31 @entity1 with measurable advanced @entity14 were treated. Cohorts of 3 @entity1 received increasing dose levels of the combination. Levels 1 to 4 included a fixed dose of oral (p.o.) UFT (250 mg/m(2)/day) for 21 days of a 28-day cycle combined with increasing intravenous (i.v.) doses of @entity2600 (80, 100, 110 and 120 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8 and 15. Levels 5 and 6 included a higher fixed dose of oral UFT (300 mg/m(2)) combined with increasing i.v. doses of @entity2600 (100 and 110 mg/m(2)) on days 1, 8 and 15. 147 courses were administered. MTD were reached at level 4 (2 cases of grade 4 @entity294 and 1 grade 3 @entity1395 ), and level 6 (1 grade 4 @entity294 , 1 grade 3 @entity294 and 1 grade 3 @entity1398 ). Responses in 30 evaluable @entity1 were: 3 partial responses (10%), 15 stable disease (50%) and progressive disease in 12 @entity1 (40%). Median time to progression was 4.5 months (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3.4-6.6 months) and median survival was 11 months (95% CI: 7.9-14.1 months). The recommended doses for phase II trials are: (a) @entity2600 110 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1, 8 and 15 every 28 days plus UFT 250 mg/m(2) p.o. on days 1 through to 21 or (b) @entity2600 100 mg/m(2) and UFT 300 mg/m(2).

title: Phase I trial of weekly @entity2600 combined with UFT as second-line treatment for advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal carcinoma']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: Positive skin tests or elevated levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the serum define IgE sensitization or "atopy." The term " @entity566 " refers to the clinical expression of @entity2015 . Genetic predisposition and @entity281 in early childhood, together with exposure and sensitization to environmental allergens, fix the basis for the elevation of IgE in infancy. Elevated IgE shortly after birth is associated with later onset of @entity56 . IgE participates both in the immediate @entity56 response and in the induction of @entity32 . The @entity56 response is distinct from other immune reactions in its reliance on IgE, its high-affinity receptor @entity220 , and the primary effector cell-the tissue mast cell. IgE initiates the process of @entity32 by binding to @entity220 on inflammatory cells in the airways, the gut, and the skin. Cross-linking of the IgE molecules bound to @entity220 on the surface of mast cells by allergen initiates the early-phase @entity56 . IgE bound to @entity220 sets off the release of inflammatory mediators, including @entity112 , @entity4443 and cytokines, and leads to eosinophilic infiltration and @entity32 in the affected mucosa or skin. IgE, attached to the low-affinity receptor FcepsilonRII on activated B cells and antigen-presenting cells, enhances allergen capture and type 2 helper T (Th2) cell activation, and may trigger other immunoregulatory pathways. Considerable effort in therapeutic research has focused on interference with IgE function because of its position high in the @entity56 cascade. Therapy with anti-IgE is one such approach that shows much promise. Large clinical studies of anti-IgE in adults and @entity1 have documented its safety and effectiveness by demonstrating the reduction of free IgE in circulation, inhibition of both early- and late-phase @entity56 reactions, @entity134 sparing, and protection against exacerbation of @entity565 and @entity2023 .

title: Attainments in atop: special aspects of XXXX and IgE.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation', 'chronic allergic inflammation', 'allergic inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2023 :: ('MESH:D006255', 'Disease') :: ['allergic rhinitis']

entities_list: @entity4443 :: ('MESH:D015289', 'Chemical') :: ['leukotrienes']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['decreased infections']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic disorders', 'allergic', 'allergic reaction', 'hypersensitivity']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity2015 :: ('MESH:D004406', 'Disease') :: ['atopic IgE-mediated disease']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: Advanced @entity453 ( @entity453 ), @entity1162 are considered risk factors for @entity1164 in @entity453 - @entity1 . So far, however, there are no studies investigating in detail whether there is a correlation between the QT-interval and changes in coronary anatomy or changes in left ventricular function. Therefore, coronary angiographic data were related to @entity1162 in 304 @entity1 , who were catheterized because of suspected @entity453 . @entity1162 were expressed as QTc = QT/square root RR (Bazett's correction for heart rate), left ventricular function was assessed by the ejection fraction of the ventricular angiogram, and coronary angiograms were classified according to the Gensini score as well as into 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease ( @entity850 greater than or equal to 50%). A multidimensional linear regression model was employed to eliminate the effects of varying mean rates still present after application of Bazett's formula. In @entity1 with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease, significant changes of QTc were observed only in @entity1 with @entity1002 (EF less than 60%). In these @entity1 the QTc-interval increased significantly from 1- to 3-vessel disease. If the critical degree of @entity3979 was changed from greater than or equal to 50% to greater than or equal to 90% further prolongations of QTc were noted. In @entity1 with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease the QTc-duration difference was further enhanced if either the proximal part of the descending branch of the left coronary artery ( @entity3980 ) or the left main stem were affected ( @entity850 greater than or equal to 50%). The data reveal that prolongation in the duration of electrical systole correlates with known cardiac risk factors for @entity944 , i.e. 3-vessel-disease, proximal @entity3980 or left main stem @entity850 and @entity1002 . In the individual @entity1 , however, the prognostic value of a single @entity204 is limited because of a large interindividual variation of the data.

title: Relationship between the degree of XXXX and of left ventricular function and the duration of the QT-interval in ECG.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1162 :: ('MESH:D008133', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function and prolongation of the QT-interval', 'QT-intervals']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenoses', 'stenosis']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['QTc-determination']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['impaired left ventricular function']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, new catheter technologies have been developed for @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. We investigate the diagnostic accuracy of a circular mapping and pulmonary vein ablation catheter ( @entity8909 ) compared with a standard circular mapping catheter (Orbiter) and the influence of filter settings on signal quality. METHODS: After reconstruction of the left atrium by three-dimensional atriography, baseline @entity4406 potentials ( @entity12468 ) were recorded consecutively with @entity8909 and Orbiter in 20 @entity1 with paroxysmal @entity955 . PVPs were compared and attributed to predefined anatomical @entity4406 segments. Ablation was performed in 80 PVs using the @entity8909 . If isolation of the PVs was assumed, signal assessment of each @entity4406 was repeated with the Orbiter. If residual @entity4406 potentials could be uncovered, different filter settings were tested to improve mapping quality of the @entity8909 . Ablation was continued until complete @entity4406 isolation (PVI) was confirmed with the Orbiter. RESULTS: Baseline mapping demonstrated a good correlation between the Orbiter and @entity8909 . Mapping accuracy using the @entity8909 for mapping and ablation was 94% (74 of 79 PVs). Additional mapping with the Orbiter improved the @entity4406 isolation rate to 99%. Adjustment of filter settings failed to improve quality of the @entity4406 signals compared with standard filter settings. CONCLUSIONS: Using the @entity8909 as a stand-alone strategy for mapping and ablation, one should be aware that in some cases, different signal morphology mimics PVI isolation. Adjustment of filter settings failed to improve signal quality. The use of an additional mapping catheter is recommended to become familiar with the particular signal morphology during the first @entity8909 cases or whenever there is a doubt about successful isolation of the pulmonary veins.

title: Comparison of XXXX signal quality using a novel circular mapping and ablation catheter versus a standard circular mapping catheter.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

answer: @entity4406 :: (MESH:D011087,Disease) :: ['PV']


abstract: In this paper we report the characterization of three novel members of the @entity958 shaggy-related protein kinase (ASK) multigene family, named ASKdzeta (ASKzeta), ASKetha (ASKeta) and ASKiota (ASKiota). The proteins encoded by the ASK genes share a highly conserved catalytic protein kinase domain and show about 70% identity to @entity22596 ) from @entity238 and @entity35 respectively. SGG is an ubiquitous intracellular component of the wingless signalling pathway that establishes cell fate and/or pattern formation in @entity238 . At least ten different ASK genes are expected to be present per haploid genome of A. thaliana. Different @entity1472 - and @entity1473 -terminal extensions distinguish different ASK family members. Five ASK gene sequences were analysed and shown to be present as single-copy genes in the @entity958 genome. A comparison based on the highly conserved catalytic domain sequences of all known sequences of the GSK-3 subfamily of protein kinases demonstrated a clear distinction between the plant and the animal kinases. Furthermore, we established the presence of at least three distinct groups of plant homologues of SGG/GSK-3. These different groups probably reflect biochemical and/or biological properties of these kinases. The differential expression patterns of five ASK genes were accessed by northern and in situ hybridization experiments using gene-specific probes. While ASKzeta is expressed in the whole embryo during its development, ASKeta expression is limited to the suspensor cells. No signal was detected for ASKalpha, ASKgamma and ASKiota in developing embryos.

title: Characterization of three novel members of the XXXX SHAGGY-related protein kinase (ASK) multigene family.

entities_list: @entity22596 :: ('31248(Tax:7227)', 'Gene') :: ['SHAGGY (SGG) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3']

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity1473 :: ('CHEBI:46883', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxy']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis']


abstract: Now that the radical treatment of the @entity3153 is established, it is essential to evaluate the prognosis of this condition accurately. Initiation of @entity955 is one of the factors which influence the prognosis. The aim of this study was to compare the results of electrophysiological studies performed by the endocavitary and transoesophageal approaches in the measurement of the initiation of @entity955 . Twenty-six @entity1 with a patent @entity3153 were studied by the two methods with a similar protocol: incremental atrial pacing to the Wenckebach point, programmed atrial stimulation using up to two extrastimuli, repeated with an infusion of 20 to 30 ug of @entity3044 . Sixteen @entity1 had reciprocating @entity591 or were asymptomatic (group I) and the other 10 had spontaneous @entity955 (group II). In group I, @entity955 was induced in 9 cases (56%) by the endocavitary and in two cases (12.5%) by the transoesophageal method. In group II, spontaneous @entity955 was reproduced in all cases by the endocavitary and transoesophageal protocols. None of the @entity1 in group I developed @entity955 during follow-up (average 2 years +/- 9 months). The authors observe that all spontaneous @entity955 of the @entity3153 can be triggered by oesophageal stimulation. The prevalence of @entity955 was overestimated by endocavitary studies in asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic @entity1 . The assessment of atrial vulnerability of a @entity3153 may therefore be performed by transoesophageal electro-physiological studies.

title: [Is the transesophageal approach preferable to endocavitary approach in the evaluation of XXXX ?].

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['nodal tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']

answer: @entity3153 :: (MESH:D014927,Disease) :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: The present study determined the pattern of cytokine secretion (interleukin [IL]-1beta, @entity5 @entity39 factor [TNF]-alpha, interferon [IFN]-gamma and IL-10) and their cellular sources in mononuclear cells isolated from colonic mucosa from normal and @entity31 ( @entity31 ) in response to probiotic and pathogenic bacteria. METHODS: Mononuclear cells were extracted from normal and active @entity31 colonic mucosa and incubated with pure sonicates of probiotic, commensal, and pathogenic bacteria. Cytokine secretion was measured in culture supernatant and intracellular cytokine staining measured using fluorescent-activated cytometry. RESULTS: In mononuclear cells isolated from normal mucosa, significant increases in mean IL-1beta were observed with enteropathogenic @entity526 (286.3 +/- 138.7 pg/mL P < 0.05) and @entity526 (440.5 +/- 194.0 pg/mL P < 0.01) compared with unstimulated control cells (16.7 +/- 4.8 pg/mL). In contrast, mononuclear cells isolated from active @entity31 mucosa produced significant increases in mean IL-1beta in response to stimulation with @entity38740 (230.5 +/- 38.8 pg/mL P < 0.05), enteropathogenic @entity526 (231.7 +/- 45.3 pg/mL P < 0.05) and @entity526 (465.4 +/- 60.2 pg/mL P < 0.001) compared with unstimulated control cells (60.7 +/- 17.1 pg/mL). @entity526 also produced significant mean increases of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma compared with unstimulated control cells. No significant increases in IL-1beta, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma were observed with @entity1336 in cells derived from normal or inflamed mucosa. Strikingly, incubation of @entity1336 with mononuclear cells isolated from active @entity31 mucosa resulted in significant increases of mean IL-10 (327 +/- 53.5 pg/mL, P < 0.05) compared with unstimulated control cells (29.7 +/- 13.2 pg/mL). Intracellular cytokine staining confirmed T-cell and macrophage IL-10 production after @entity1336 stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1336 demonstrates beneficial immunomodulatory activity by increasing IL-10 synthesis and secretion in macrophages and T-cells derived from the inflamed colon. This may provide a mechanism through which probiotic bacteria ameliorate inappropriate @entity32 and induce tolerance.

title: XXXX 299: beneficial in vitro immunomodulation in cells extracted from inflamed human colon.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity31 :: ('MESH:D003093', 'Disease') :: ['ulcerative colitis', 'UC']

entities_list: @entity38740 :: ('98360', 'Species') :: ['Salmonella dublin']

entities_list: @entity1336 :: ('1590', 'Species') :: ['L. plantarum', 'Lactobacillus plantarum']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

answer: @entity1336 :: (1590,Species) :: ['Lactobacillus plantarum']