abstract: 20 @entity1 with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) in first remission were given @entity786 , 120 mg/kg, followed by @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and an HLA-identical allogeneic marrow transplant (BMT). @entity348 was delivered in a single dose (10 Gy on day -1) in 2 @entity1 , or in fractionated doses (3.3 rad/day on days -3, -2, -1) in 18 @entity1 . The median age of @entity1 was 22 years (range 2-44). Median time from remission to BMT was 5 months (range 1-12). 5 @entity1 died of transplant-related @entity137 ( @entity2132 with or without @entity401 ) and 15 are alive 7-77 months post-BMT (median 20). The actuarial 72 months survival is 73%. There has been one relapse in a 2-year-old @entity1 , 4 months post-BMT, in the marrow and in the testis. The 72-month actuarial disease-free survival is 68%. The actuarial probability of relapse is 7%. This study indicates that a high proportion of @entity3052 @entity1 treated in first remission with fractionated @entity348 and allogeneic marrow transplantation can become long-term disease-free survivors.

title: Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) for @entity3052 ( XXXX ) in first remission.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute nonlymphoid leukemia', 'ANLL']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['graft-versus-host disease']

entities_list: @entity348 :: ('MESH:C535338', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'total body irradiation']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pneumonia']

answer: @entity3052 :: (MESH:D015470,Disease) :: ['ANLL']


abstract: The goal of treatment for @entity424 is complete removal with minimal postoperative @entity51 . The authors correlated the results of surgical management for @entity602 with the rate of postoperative disease progression and the prognostic factors. Thirty-one cases of @entity424 , surgically treated between 1979 and 1998, were retrospectively analyzed. The authors reviewed clinical features, radiological characteristics and operative findings for the surgical outcome analysis. Thirty-five percent of @entity1 with preoperative Nurick's grade better than grade 4 showed improvement in functional status, whereas no improvement was observed in @entity1 with preoperatively poorer functional status (P = 0.05). The proportion of @entity954 was influenced by @entity5 location (40% in cases around the conus versus 97% in other regions, P = 0.003) and histology (42% in the myxopapillary subtype versus 97% in the non-myxopapillary subtype, P = 0.001). Disease progression was observed in six cases, the mean progression free interval after surgical removal was 83 months and the 5-year progression free rate was 70%. Disease progression was found in two out of 23 cases from the complete removal group and in four out of eight cases from the incomplete removal group (P = 0.008). In the aspect of disease progression, the only statistically significant factor by multivariate analysis was the surgical extent of removal (P = 0.010). Of those @entity1 where there was incomplete removal, radiation therapy lead to improved clinical results, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.27). In the surgical treatment of @entity602 , preoperative functional status and the extent of removal were the significant prognostic factors influencing postoperative outcome. Early diagnosis is @entity5 should be attempted in all surgical treatment of @entity424 .

title: Surgical outcome and prognostic factors of spinal XXXX in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity424 :: ('MESH:D004806', 'Disease') :: ['spinal ependymomas', 'spinal ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'vital and complete removal of the tumor']

entities_list: @entity602 :: ('MESH:D013118', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord ependymoma']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['complete surgical removals']

answer: @entity424 :: (MESH:D004806,Disease) :: ['intramedullary ependymomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mitotic kinase-encoding gene @entity875 / @entity875 / @entity875 is associated with @entity2007 and transformation when overexpressed in @entity1 cells. @entity875 overexpression activates an unknown oncogenic pathway that involves centrosome amplification and results in missegregation of chromosomes. Because clinical prognosis and @entity5 @entity2007 are tightly linked in @entity1 @entity150 , we examined whether increased @entity875 copy number and protein levels are linked to @entity2007 in @entity150 . METHODS: @entity875 protein was visualized by immunohistochemistry in 205 @entity406 -fixed, @entity982 -embedded @entity1 @entity150 . @entity875 gene copy number was evaluated in 61 @entity5 by Southern blot hybridization and in 21 of these 61 @entity5 by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Copy numbers of chromosomes 3, 17, 20, and 21 were evaluated by FISH with chromosome-specific probes. @entity875 expression levels were related to histologic grade, stage, and DNA ploidy of the @entity5 and to the @entity1 ' follow-up data. The chi-square test for association was used to analyze the relationship between @entity875 expression and pathologic features. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: @entity5 with low levels of @entity875 amplification (3-4 copies) showed minimal deviation in their chromosome copy number and diploid or near-diploid total nuclear DNA content. @entity5 with higher levels of @entity875 amplification (>4 copies) had a major increase of chromosome copy number and of their total nuclear DNA content, i.e., exhibited pronounced @entity2007 . Elevated expression of @entity875 was strongly associated with parameters of clinical @entity146 including high histologic grade (P<.001), invasion (P<.001), increased rate of @entity3 (P<.001), and decreased @entity3 -free (P<.001) and overall (P<.001) survival of @entity1 with @entity150 . CONCLUSION: @entity875 gene amplification and associated increased expression of the mitotic kinase it encodes are associated with @entity2007 and @entity146 clinical behavior in @entity1 @entity150 .

title: Amplification/overexpression of a mitotic kinase gene in XXXX @entity150 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2007 :: ('MESH:D000782', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploidy']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness', 'aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity406 :: ('MESH:D005557', 'Chemical') :: ['formalin']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancers', 'bladder tumors', 'bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) are a major cause of adult morbidity worldwide. In 1991, the World Health Organization (WHO) introduced the concept of the "syndromic approach" to managing @entity2953 in low-income countries, however, there has been some controversy regarding the ongoing use of this approach. OBJECTIVES: (1) To understand the use of the syndromic approach to managing @entity2953 in low-income countries, and to determine if evidence supports its continued use. (2) To help Canadian doctors understand the past STD management of immigrant @entity1 from low-income countries, and evaluate the direct effect (if any) of such medical practices to the @entity1 's health and perception of health in Canada. METHODS: Medline was searched under the key words " @entity2953 ," "developing nations," and "syndrome," as well as "algorithms," "prevention and control," and "WHO." Research articles and data were also accessed from the Web sites of WHO, UNAIDS, Reproductive Health Online (JHSPH), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA). Data were selected based on the relevance to the topic, and research articles assessed from a methodological perspective. Most research articles were of Level II-2 evidence or lower as described using the Evaluation of Evidence criteria outlined in the Report of the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Exam. RESULTS: In resource-poor countries, the use of the syndromic approach is appropriate for high-risk groups and for symptomatic individuals. However, it is still a poor screening approach when applied to asymptomatic cases, particularly in @entity1 . Risk scoring and simple laboratory tests help to increase the algorithmic sensitivity of the syndromic approach. CONCLUSION: Syndromic management involves making clinical decisions based on a @entity1 's symptoms and signs. Until inexpensive, simple, and accurate STD diagnostics are developed and made available for use in low-income countries, a modified syndromic approach is the most feasible method of STD management in these countries. It is useful for Canadian physicians to be aware of this approach especially when caring for @entity1 from these countries.

title: The syndromic approach to treatment of XXXX in low-income countries: issues, challenges, and future directions.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2953 :: ('MESH:D012749', 'Disease') :: ['STDs', 'Sexually transmitted diseases', 'sexually transmitted diseases']

answer: @entity2953 :: (MESH:D012749,Disease) :: ['sexually transmitted diseases']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8932 ( @entity8932 )-mediated signaling cascades and gene regulation are mainly involved in diseases such as immunity and @entity32 . In this study microarray analysis was performed using bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and Raw 264.7 cells to identify novel proteins involved in the @entity8932 -mediated cellular response. We found that pleckstrin homology-like domain family, member 1 ( @entity72049 ) is a novel gene up-regulated by @entity8932 stimulation and determined the unique signaling pathway for its expression. Treatment with @entity8932 agonist Pam3 CSK4 increased mRNA, protein, and fluorescence staining of @entity72049 . Induction of @entity72049 by @entity8932 stimulation disappeared from @entity8932 KO @entity19 -derived BMDM. Among janus kinase (JAK) family members, @entity16404 was involved in @entity8932 -stimulated @entity72049 expression. @entity10433 ( @entity10433 ) also participated in @entity72049 expression downstream of the @entity16404 . Interestingly, @entity8837 was an intermediate between @entity16404 and @entity10433 . In silico analysis revealed the presence of highly conserved y-activated sites within @entity19 @entity72049 promoter and confirmed the @entity16404 - @entity10433 pathway is important to Pam3 CSK4 -induced @entity72049 transcription. These findings suggest that the @entity16404 - @entity8837 - @entity10433 pathway is an important signaling pathway for @entity72049 expression and that these proteins may play a critical role in eliciting @entity8932 -mediated immune and inflammatory response. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Regulation of XXXX Expression by @entity16404 - @entity8837 - @entity10433 Signaling Pathway.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity10433 :: ('20848(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3', 'STAT3']

answer: @entity72049 :: (21664(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['PHLDA1']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate expression and prognostic impact of @entity2440 , @entity4729 , @entity4731 , proliferation cell nuclear antigen ( @entity1364 ), Ki67 and @entity5962 in @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity356 ) by immunohistochemistry. A total of 69 @entity1 were recruited who underwent gastrectomy between 2008 and 2009. We found that expression levels of @entity2440 , @entity4729 , @entity4731 , @entity1364 , Ki67 and @entity5962 were 26.1, 53.6, 49.3, 52.2, 60.9 and 60.9  %, respectively. Co-expression of more than any two proteins (defined as high-risk group) was detected in 43 of 69 (62.3  %) @entity1 with @entity356 . Only positive expression of @entity4729 had relationship with lymphatic invasion (p  =  0.013), and positive expression of Ki67 was correlated with T classification (p  =  0.011). Furthermore, positive expression of @entity4729 (p  =  0.043), @entity1364 (p  =  0.035) and Ki67 (p  =  0.023) was significantly associated with poor 3-year disease-free survival (DFS). The same result was detected in @entity1 with @entity5962 reduced expression (p  =  0.022). But only @entity1364 positive expression predicted poor overall survival (p  =  0.042) in univariate analysis. In addition, 3-year DFS was 20  % in high-risk group and 71  % in low-risk group. The same tendency was found between @entity3012 and co-expression of proteins. There was a remarkable difference between DFS or @entity3012 and co-expression of more than two proteins (p  =  0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5962 and co-expression were independent prognostic factors of 3-year diseases-free survival. But only co-expression of more than two markers dramatically affected the survival of @entity356 @entity1 . These findings provide evidence that combined evaluation of @entity2440 , @entity4729 , @entity4731 , @entity1364 , Ki67 and @entity5962 may be a more powerful prognostic factor to predict relapse and distant @entity3 for @entity1 with @entity356 .

title: Prognostic evaluation of @entity2440 , @entity4729 , @entity4731 , XXXX , Ki67 and @entity5962 expression in @entity356 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'GC']

answer: @entity1364 :: (5111,Gene) :: ['PCNA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Functional or psychogenic @entity717 are common and disabling, and sometime difficult to diagnose. The history and physical exam can give positive features that will support the diagnosis, which should not be based solely on exclusion. Some clues in the history are sudden onset, intermittent time course, variability of manifestation over time, childhood @entity130 , history of other somatic symptom and secondary gain. @entity148 and @entity308 are common, but not necessarily more than the general population. On examination, distraction and suggestibility may be present. There are specific signs that should be looked for with different types of movements. For example, with @entity400 , change in frequency over time and entrainment are common features. With @entity2045 , the movements might be complex in type with long latencies to stimulus induced jerks. @entity426 show good balance despite claims to the contrary. Functional @entity3519 still remains a challenging diagnosis in many circumstances, although fixed @entity3519 is one sign more likely to be functional.

title: Functional (psychogenic) XXXX - Clinical presentations.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity426 :: ('MESH:D020233', 'Disease') :: ['Gait disorders']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['movement disorders']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['movement disorders']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Precocious cervical ripening, as defined by cervical @entity3207 on transvaginal sonography, has prompted a broad evaluation of secondary strategies (such as cerclage, vaginal @entity1420 , or a cervical pessary) to prevent @entity3152 . However, there is still a lack  of direct comparisons between individual treatments or their combinations. OBJECTIVE: We sought to compare at-risk @entity1 and screening @entity1 who had been treated with cervical pessary alone with @entity1 who had been treated with pessary plus vaginal @entity1420 . STUDY DESIGN: This is a pre- and postintervention cohort study from a @entity3152 clinic where placement of a cervical pessary has been the standard treatment since 2008 for at-risk @entity1 defined by (1) a history of spontaneous @entity600 at <37 weeks of gestation, (2) conization, or (3) a cerclage because of a previous short cervical length of <3rd percentile and, additionally, with a cervical length of <10th percentile in the ongoing pregnancy. @entity1 who did not meet the criteria for the "at risk" group, but who had a cervical length of <3rd percentile comprised the screening group. From July 2011 onward, vaginal @entity1420 (200 mg, suppositories) was prescribed in addition to the pessary. Both at-risk @entity1 (n  = 55) and screening @entity1 (n  = 51) were treated at the time of diagnosis. The primary outcome was the rate of preterm deliveries at <34 weeks of gestation. Secondary outcomes included deliveries at <28, <32, and <37 weeks of gestation, the days from start of therapy until delivery, a composite index of neonatal outcome, and the number of days in the neonatal intensive care unit. Primary and secondary outcomes were compared between groups with the use of multivariable models to adjust for possible confounders. RESULTS: Delivery at <34 weeks of gestation occurred in 17 of 53 @entity1 (32.1%) who were treated with pessary plus @entity1420 , compared with 13 of 53 @entity1 (24.5%) who were treated with pessary alone (P  = .57). Similarly, there was no difference in the rate of @entity3152 at <28, <32, or <37 weeks of gestation. The composite poor neonatal outcome was 15.1% in the pessary group vs 18.9% in the combined group (P  = .96). The mean duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit was 46.5 days (range, 9-130 days) in the combined vs  52.0 days (range, 3-151 days) in the pessary group (P < .001). CONCLUSION: In this cohort study, treatment of precocious cervical ripening with cervical pessary plus vaginal @entity1420 did not reduce the rates of @entity3152 at <28, <32, <34, or <37 weeks of gestation compared with pessary alone. The neonatal intensive care use was shorter in @entity1 who received additional vaginal @entity1420 , although there was no difference in composite poor neonatal outcome. These preliminary results may serve as a pilot for future trials and provide a basis for treatment until larger trials are completed.

title: Vaginal XXXX combined with cervical pessary: A chance for pregnancies at risk for @entity600 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3152 :: ('MESH:D007752', 'Disease') :: ['preterm delivery', 'preterm labor']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity3207 :: ('MESH:C535850', 'Disease') :: ['shortening']

answer: @entity1420 :: (MESH:D011374,Chemical) :: ['progesterone']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Histopathological variation has been demonstrated in grade 3 @entity4348 . We attempted to evaluate the clinicopathological features of grade 3 @entity5 by endometrial cytological features using a scoring system. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-one endometrial cytological samples were evaluated using 5 cytological features: rates of cluster formation in @entity5 cells; nuclear pleomorphism; nuclear dimension; size of nucleoli, and chromatin structure and distribution. The relationships between cytological scores and clinicopathological factors or prognosis were investigated. RESULTS: The median cytological score was 6 (range 4-14); therefore, samples with scores of 4-5 were defined as having low scores, while those with scores of 6-14 were defined as high scores. The accuracy of the cytological diagnosis for grade 3 @entity5 in the high score group (8/10 @entity1 , 80.0%) was significantly higher than that of the low score group (2/11 @entity1 , 18.2%; p = 0.009). Significant relationships between cytological scores and lymph node @entity3 or positive peritoneal cytology were observed (p = 0.03 and 0.035, respectively). The overall survival rate was significantly worse in the high score group (30.0%) than the low score group (88.9%; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Grade 3 @entity4348 varied in cytological features; according to the scoring system used, high scores were associated with worse clinicopathological factors and poorer prognosis than low scores.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Cytological Scoring and Prognosis of Poorly Differentiated XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

answer: @entity4348 :: (MESH:D018269,Disease) :: ['Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Scant literature investigates potential outcome differences between Level I @entity130 centers. We compared overall survival and survival after @entity649 ( @entity649 ) in @entity1 admitted to American College of Surgeons (ACS)-verified versus state-verified Level I @entity130 centers. Using the National @entity130 Data Bank Version 7.0, incident codes associated with admission to an ACS-verified facility were extracted and compared with the group admitted to state-verified centers. Overall, there were 382,801 (73.7%) @entity1 admitted to ACS and 136,601 (26.3%) admitted to state centers. There was no adjusted survival advantage after admission to either type (4.9% for ACS vs 4.8% for state centers; 1.014 [95% CI, 0.987 to 1.042], P = 0.311). However, in the 3,088 cases of @entity649 , mortality for admission to the ACS centers was 20.3 per cent (451 of 2,220) versus 27.1 per cent (235 of 868) for state centers. Adjusting for injury severity and facility size, admission to an ACS center was associated with a significantly greater survival after @entity649 (0.75 [0.654 to 0.860]; P < 0.001). Level I verification does not necessarily imply similar outcomes in all subgroups. Federal oversight may become necessary to ensure uniformity of care, maximizing outcomes across all United States @entity130 systems. Further study is needed.

title: Are all level I XXXX centers created equal? A comparison of American College of Surgeons and state-verified centers.

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['ARDS', 'acute respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: @entity26742 , a novel aminotetralin @entity935 D2 agonist, was shown to effectively reverse @entity304 in nine dopa/agonist-responsive @entity191 @entity1 . The drug was given up to 4.5 hours by continuous intravenous (i.v.) infusion using an i.v. pump. The onset of anti- @entity191 effect was seen within minutes of the initiation of the infusion and was absent within 90 minutes of cessation of the infusion. The short elimination half-life of @entity26742 (90 min) would allow for the rapid initiation of drug effect when necessary and at the same time permit the effect to be terminated quickly if necessary. The drug would be useful in situations where oral medication is not feasible or is associated with erratic absorption. The @entity1 tolerated the drug well. Dose escalation load was limited by @entity390 and @entity391 . It should be noted that the doses were increased until these symptoms occurred, but therapeutic effects were noted well before the side effects occurred. Using a modified Columbia scale, maximum improvement consisted of a 27-95% drop in score. Maximum response was obtained at infusion rates varying from 2-16 microg/kg per hour and at blood levels of 0.11-1.49 microg/mL.

title: XXXX , a novel soluble @entity935 D2 agonist in the treatment of @entity304 .

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian symptoms']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'parkinsonian']

answer: @entity26742 :: (MESH:C047508,Chemical) :: ['N-0923']


abstract: The polar lipid composition in membranes of @entity39045 is extensively regulated as a response to environmental changes. In particular, the ratio between the dominating lipids @entity43897 and @entity43898 is altered depending on temperature, configuration of incorporated @entity1718 , and membrane @entity165 content. Synthesis of @entity43897 is stimulated by low temperature and @entity1718 but diminished by the presence of @entity165 . These factors are likely to affect the molecular geometry of the membrane lipids. @entity43897 and @entity43898 have wedge- and rodlike molecular shapes, respectively, that are modifiable to a certain extent. The packing constraints of lipids in amphilphilic aggregates, i.e., @entity7294 -water interfacial area, @entity7294 chain volume, and @entity7294 chain length, are very important in determining the aggregate structure [Israelachvili, J. N. Mitchell, D. J., _ Ninham, B. W. (1976) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 272, 1525]. Pure @entity43897 forms a reversed hexagonal (HII) phase structure with different @entity844 contents, while @entity43898 forms a lamellar phase. However, the only lipid structure compatible with a functional biological membrane is the lamellar phase. Consequently, the balance between lipids forming lamellar and other mesophase structures must keep within certain limits. Here we show that the response in A. liaidlawii lipid metabolism following external and internal stimuli can be predicted on the basis of molecular shapes and is necessary for the cell in order to maintain optimal membrane stability. Furthermore, the reduced capacity of @entity39045 membranes to incorporate @entity165 is another consequence of this regulation, aiming at preservation of bilayer stability.

title: Lipid bilayer stability in membranes. Regulation of lipid composition in XXXX as governed by molecular shape.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity43897 :: ('MESH:C014571', 'Chemical') :: ['monoglucosyldiglyceride', 'Monoglucosyldiglyceride']

entities_list: @entity39045 :: ('2148', 'Species') :: ['Acholeplasma', 'Acholeplasma laidlawii']

entities_list: @entity43898 :: ('MESH:C025142', 'Chemical') :: ['diglucosyldiglyceride']

entities_list: @entity7294 :: ('CHEBI:24632', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrocarbon']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids', 'saturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity39045 :: (2148,Species) :: ['Acholeplasma laidlawii']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risks of second @entity5 and @entity65 associated with an optimized volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning solution in a selected cohort of stage I/II @entity978 ( @entity978 ) @entity1 treated with either involved-node or involved-site radiation therapy in comparison with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty-eight @entity1 (13 males and 25 females) were included. Disease extent was mediastinum alone (n=8, 21.1%); mediastinum plus unilateral neck (n=19, 50%); mediastinum plus bilateral neck (n=11, 29.9%). Prescription dose was 30 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. Only 5 @entity1 had mediastinal bulky disease at diagnosis (13.1%). Anteroposterior 3D-CRT was compared with a multiarc optimized VMAT solution. Lung, breast, and @entity259 risks were estimated by calculating a lifetime attributable risk (LAR), with a LAR ratio (LARVMAT-to-LAR3D-CRT) as a comparative measure. @entity1370 risks were estimated by calculating absolute excess risk (AER). RESULTS: The LAR ratio favored 3D-CRT for @entity2 induction risk in mediastinal alone (P=.004) and mediastinal plus unilateral neck (P=.02) presentations. LAR ratio for @entity0 was lower for VMAT in mediastinal plus bilateral neck presentations (P=.02), without differences for other sites. For @entity259 , no significant differences were observed, regardless of anatomical presentation. A significantly lower AER of cardiac (P=.038) and @entity340 (P<.0001) was observed for VMAT regardless of disease extent. CONCLUSIONS: In a cohort of @entity1 with favorable characteristics in terms of disease extent at diagnosis (large prevalence of nonbulky presentations without axillary involvement), optimized VMAT reduced @entity299 risk with comparable risks of @entity0 , with an increase in @entity2 induction probability. The results are however strongly influenced by the different anatomical presentations, supporting an individualized approach.

title: Optimized Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Versus 3D-CRT for Early Stage Mediastinal @entity978 Without Axillary Involvement: A XXXX and @entity299 Risk.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity340 :: ('MESH:D006349', 'Disease') :: ['valvular diseases']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'thyroid and breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['HL', 'Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac toxicity']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Comparison of Second Cancers']


abstract: Amale @entity1 in his 40s presented with @entity490 and mass palpitation. He was diagnosed with a submucosal @entity356 and referred to our clinic. Computed topography(CT)scan revealed a large @entity356 and multiple hepatic metastases. He was diagnosed with unresectable @entity674 ( @entity677 )and began @entity2213 treatment. However, 2 weeks later, the @entity1 developed a high fever and @entity490 . Tumor @entity39 and @entity733 formation was observed on the CT scan. We performed emergency surgery, which comprised partial gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and splenectomy, combined with radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for the hepatic metastases. Subsequently, he continued @entity2213 therapy. However, a new lesion developed in the liver and was diagnosed as @entity2213 -resistant disease. The new lesion was treated with RFA. Eight years after the treatment, a new lesion occurred in the liver, which was difficult to excise owing to the location. Accordingly, a right-hepatic lobectomy was performed. Currently, he is alive and continues on @entity2213 therapy.

title: [A Case of Giant XXXX with Multiple Hepatic Metastases with Long-Term Survival after Multimodal Therapy].

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal stromal tumor']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric tumor']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['Gastric GIST']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Donation after @entity204 (DCD) organs could alleviate the shortage of donor lungs. This study aimed to assess the influence on lung injuries of the way in which @entity1167 was induced and to investigate the mechanisms leading to any differences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity35 were allocated into three groups as follows: sham (no warm @entity63 ), @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ), and @entity1763 group. @entity1167 was induced by either @entity2224 by way of a fibrillator or @entity1763 caused by withdrawal of ventilation, which reflected uncontrolled and controlled DCD situations, respectively. The impact on lung flushing after 60  min of warm @entity63 time was evaluated (n  =  5, in each group). The physiological functions of the lungs in an isolated lung perfusion circuit were also evaluated with warm @entity63 time prolonged to 150  min (n  =  8, in each group). Messenger RNA expression levels of surfactant proteins (SPs) and inflammatory cytokines, pathologic findings, and high-energy phosphates of the lung tissues were investigated. RESULTS: In the @entity1763 group, flushing and physiological functions in the isolated lung perfusion circuit were the most severely affected. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and pathologic findings revealed depletion of @entity10459 in lung tissues of the @entity1763 group after reperfusion. The @entity2224 group was characteristic with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Lung injuries were mainly attributed to alveolar wall damage and depletion of SP in the @entity1763 group, and perivascular area prominent @entity4 in the @entity2224 group. DCD donor lungs were affected differently by the way in which @entity1167 was induced.

title: Impact of the @entity1167 mode on XXXX donor lungs.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest', 'Cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac death']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['cardiac death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity65 ( @entity65 ) is the leading cause of @entity204 in @entity1 with @entity454 ( @entity454 ). Disregulation of apoptosis within the vessel wall and upregulation of the @entity12 ( @entity12 ) system contribute to the development of @entity731 . Cross-sectional studies have suggested that elevated plasma levels of the soluble form of Fas (sFas) are associated with @entity65 . However, the role of sFas and sFas-L in predicting future cardiovascular events has yet to be defined. METHODS: We evaluated the role of plasma sFas and sFas-L levels as predictors of @entity65 in a prospective cohort of 107 chronic hemodialysis @entity1 . RESULTS: During the study period (27 months), 53 @entity1 (49.5%) presented with at least one cardiovascular end point. On univariate analysis, baseline sFas levels were significantly associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular end points, whereas sFas-L levels were not. Using Cox proportional hazards, increased sFas levels were associated with a significantly greater risk for cardiovascular end points (P = 0.03). This effect was independent of baseline @entity65 history, classic risk factors for @entity731 ( @entity6 , @entity1007 , @entity101 , and smoking), and markers of @entity32 (C-reactive protein [CRP], soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1). Increased CRP levels also were associated with cardiovascular end points (P = 0.04). In addition, increased cardiovascular mortality was found in @entity1 in the highest sFas tertile compared with those in the lowest tertile (27.8% versus 8.6%; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Increased plasma sFas levels are predictive of future @entity65 . These results suggest that sFas is a novel and independent predictor of active @entity731 in @entity1 with @entity454 .

title: Soluble Fas: a novel predictor of @entity731 in dialysis XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic disease']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiovascular disease', 'CVD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep dysfunction is extremely common in @entity1 with @entity161 . Recent research indicates that @entity22 may contribute to @entity716 experiences such as delusions and @entity1833 . OBJECTIVES: The review aims to evaluate the evidence for a relationship between @entity22 and individual @entity716 experiences, make links between the theoretical understanding of each, and highlight areas for future research. METHOD: A systematic search was conducted to identify studies investigating sleep and @entity716 experiences across clinical and non-clinical populations. RESULTS: 66 papers were identified. This literature robustly supports the co-occurrence of @entity22 and @entity716 experiences, particularly @entity22 with @entity10963 . Sleep dysfunction predicting subsequent @entity716 experiences receives support from epidemiological surveys, research on the transition to @entity716 , and relapse studies. There is also evidence that reducing sleep elicits @entity716 experiences in non-clinical individuals, and that improving sleep in individuals with @entity716 may lessen @entity716 experiences. @entity148 and @entity308 consistently arise as (partial) mediators of the sleep and @entity716 relationship. CONCLUSION: Studies are needed that: determine the types of @entity22 linked to individual @entity716 experiences; establish a causal connection between sleep and @entity716 experiences; and assess treatments for @entity22 in @entity1 with non-affective @entity914 such as @entity161 .

title: The role of @entity22 in the occurrence of delusions and XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity914 :: ('MESH:D011618', 'Disease') :: ['psychotic disorders']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis', 'psychotic']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia', 'sleep dysfunction']

answer: @entity1833 :: (MESH:D006212,Disease) :: ['hallucinations']


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity2918 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity1421 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity32589 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity3009 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity1421 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity3009 synthases, @entity21740 and @entity39979 , are involved in @entity3009 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity3009 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity398 or @entity1426 , and expression of @entity21740 and @entity39979 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity3009 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity21740 or @entity39979 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity1426 or @entity398 : @entity8726 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity62805 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity21740 inhibitor and @entity8228 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity39979 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity1426 or @entity398 , @entity3009 production and expression of @entity39979 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity3009 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity3009 production is probably processed through @entity39979 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity21740 and @entity39979 to the production of XXXX and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity291 endometrium.

entities_list: @entity398 :: ('MESH:D010121', 'Chemical') :: ['oxytocin']

entities_list: @entity62805 :: ('MESH:C401835', 'Chemical') :: ['valeryl salicylate']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandins']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity1421 :: (MESH:D015232,Chemical) :: ['PGE2']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) is one of the most common @entity209 ; however, its pathophysiology is still unclear. Certain polymorphisms of @entity6753 ( @entity6753 ) and @entity10548 ( @entity10548 ) genes may lead to changes in the bioactivity of this hormone. We aimed to investigate possible associations between polymorphisms in the @entity6753 and @entity10548 genes and @entity3610 among Egyptian @entity1 . We also aimed to shed light on the impact of these polymorphisms on LH level, hormonal, and metabolic features of @entity3610 . A case-control study included unrelated 210 @entity1 with @entity3610 and 200 healthy controls, and they were stratified according to their body mass index into two subgroups: lean and @entity28 . Polymorphisms of @entity6753 @entity57962 and @entity10548 [ @entity72935 , and ins18LQ] genes were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Our results revealed that @entity6753 @entity72936 GA genotype and A allele, @entity10548 @entity72935 GA, AA genotypes, or A allele were significantly associated with @entity3610 risk, while the @entity10548 ins18LQ polymorphism was not. Additionally, there is a synergism between @entity6753 @entity72936 minor A and minor A allele of @entity10548 @entity72935 or minor ins allele of @entity10548 ins18LQ and susceptibility to @entity3610 . When we stratified @entity3610 @entity1 or controls into @entity28 and lean subjects, we found that @entity6753 @entity57962 GA genotype and A allele being more frequent in the @entity28 group when compared with lean @entity1 with @entity3610 [The odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were 5.6 (1.30-24.56) and 5.15 (1.21-21.90), respectively, P   =   0.01, for each group.] These results suggested that @entity6753 @entity72936 and @entity10548 @entity72935 genes polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of @entity3610 in Egyptian @entity1 especially in @entity28 cases. There was a synergism between @entity6753 @entity72936 minor A allele and of @entity10548 @entity72935 minor A or minor ins alleles of @entity10548 ins18LQ and @entity3610 risk.    2015 IUBMB Life, 2015.

title: Association between genes encoding components of the Leutinizing hormone/Luteinizing hormone-choriogonadotrophin receptor pathway and @entity3610 in Egyptian XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3610 :: ('MESH:D011085', 'Disease') :: ['Polycystic ovary syndrome', 'PCOS']

entities_list: @entity6753 :: ('3972', 'Gene') :: ['LHb', 'luteinizing hormone beta-subunit']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['endocrine-metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity10548 :: ('3973', 'Gene') :: ['LH/choriogonadotrophin receptor', 'LHCGR']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Standard resection for benign and borderline @entity5 of the pancreas is associated with a substantial risk of postoperative morbidity and long-term functional impairment, whereas enucleation leads to less morbidity and preserves healthy parenchyma as well as pancreatic function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postoperative clinical outcomes and long-term functional and oncologic results after pancreatic enucleation, and to compare the clinical results of laparoscopic and open enucleation. METHODS: From March 2005 to December 2013, 65 cases of enucleation of @entity5 in the pancreas were identified through a retrospective review of medical records. RESULTS: Most of the @entity1 were @entity1 (73.8 %), and the median age was 52.7  years (interquartile range 43.1-60.9  years). Median @entity5 size was 2.5  cm (interquartile range 1.6-3.8  cm). The most common indication for enucleation was @entity788 (24, 36.9%). A clinically relevant @entity3472 (International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula grade B, C) was reported in 6 @entity1 (9.2%). The @entity1 with @entity5 of the pancreatic neck had more complications after enucleation than those with @entity5 at other locations (3/4, 75%). There were no differences of clinical outcomes between open and laparoscopic enucleation groups. At a median follow-up of 58.7  months there was one case of new-onset @entity6 , and there were no recurrences or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Enucleation is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of benign and borderline @entity788 . It preserves pancreatic function and is not associated with recurrence. The incidence of @entity260 , including @entity3472 , is acceptable. Laparoscopic enucleation seems to be a feasible and safe approach associated with favorable perioperative outcomes for the selected @entity1 .

title: Enucleation for benign or low-grade malignant lesions of the pancreas: Single-center experience with 65 consecutive XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic neoplasms', 'pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumors', 'neoplasms', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3472 :: ('MESH:D010185', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic fistula']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The evaluation of a @entity1 suspected of having an @entity4615 is based initially on a unique association of physical findings and symptoms referrable to obstructive, embolic, and/or constitutional manifestations of the @entity5 . Objective confirmation is sought with the use of M-mode and 2D echocardiography. A nondiagnostic echocardiogram, especially with recurrent or progressive symptoms and signs of @entity4615 , should prompt more invasive methods of confirmation. The hemodynamic and angiographic data previously discussed may provide the clues needed for diagnosis, especially with nonprolapsing @entity3291 . The use of other techniques, such as a gated blood pool scanning or computerized tomography, affects primarily the incidental discovery of a "silent" @entity5 . Urgent surgical @entity3291 is mandatory to avoid @entity887 . Postoperative examination should be directed specifically at evaluating the @entity1 for @entity5 recurrence or growth of a peripheral @entity887 . The incidence of these complications is small, but they are frequently overlooked. A second echocardiogram should be obtained as an initial baseline study. The asymptomatic @entity1 should have subsequent routine clinical examinations to detect the growth of @entity5 embolic fragments and an echocardiographic examination every year or two to detect @entity5 recurrence. Immediate evaluation is necessary should the @entity1 develop recurrent symptoms.

title: XXXX : overview, recognition, and management.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracardiac tumor']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['removal of the myxoma', 'myxomas']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['progressive obstructive and embolic complications', 'embolic fragment']

entities_list: @entity4615 :: ('MESH:C538262', 'Disease') :: ['atrial myxoma']

answer: @entity4615 :: (MESH:C538262,Disease) :: ['Atrial myxoma']


abstract: The ability of @entity2449 (MF) to acutely relax @entity2647 (PE)-induced contraction in the isolated @entity35 tail artery is reported to be accompanied by repolarization of the arterial smooth muscle cell (SMC) membranes. These membranes contain @entity972 (K) channels which if opened could mediate such repolarization and resultant relaxation. We have shown that the acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial tissue rings by graded levels of MF > or = 0.24 mmol/L is markedly antagonized by a high concentration of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ; 10 mmol/L) which nonselectively inhibits nearly all K channels. Thus, we tested effects of more selective inhibitors of K channels in the same tissue. We also tested MF for relaxation of @entity2472 induced by high levels of extracellular K. To avoid confounding variables, we also conducted these tests in arterial rings in which endothelium and sympathetic nerve endings had been removed. In the absence of K channel inhibition, half-maximal PE-induced @entity2472 were rapidly relaxed by all levels of MF with an EC50 of 1.7+/-0.2 mmol/L (n=8 rings). 1 mmol/L @entity973 ( @entity974 ) which only inhibits voltage-operated and @entity855 -sensitive K channels markedly antagonized this relaxation, shifting the EC50 for MF to 7.5+/-0.7 mmol/L (n=8; p < 0.05). TEA at 1 mmol/L (which only inhibits @entity460 -activated K channels), barium at 20 micromol/L (which only inhibits inward rectifier K channels) and glyburide at 5 micromol/L (which only inhibits @entity855 -sensitive K channels) did not alter this relaxation. Finally, MF failed to relax @entity2472 produced by elevations of extracellular K to levels high enough to abolish the K gradient across arterial SMC membranes. Thus, acute relaxation of @entity35 tail arterial smooth muscle by MF may be dependent on the transmembrane K gradient and mediated at least in part by specific activation of K efflux through 4AP-sensitive voltage-dependent K channels in arterial SMC membranes.

title: @entity973 antagonizes the acute relaxant action of @entity2449 on adrenergic contraction in the ventral tail artery of the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity2647 :: ('MESH:D010656', 'Chemical') :: ['phenylephrine']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity2472 :: ('MESH:C536214', 'Disease') :: ['contractions']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in @entity14 mortality in 34 European countries between 1970 and 2011. DESIGN: Retrospective trend analysis. DATA SOURCE: World Health Organization mortality database. POPULATION: Deaths from @entity14 between 1970 and 2011. Profound changes in screening and treatment efficiency took place after 1988; therefore, particular attention was paid to the evolution of @entity14 mortality in the subsequent period. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Time trends in rates of @entity14 mortality, using joinpoint regression analysis. Rates were age adjusted using the standard European population. RESULTS: From 1989 to 2011, @entity14 mortality increased by a median of 6.0% for @entity1 and decreased by a median of 14.7% for @entity1 in the 34 European countries. Reductions in @entity14 mortality of more than 25% in @entity1 and 30% in @entity1 occurred in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, the United Kingdom, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Luxembourg, and Ireland. By contrast, mortality rates fell by less than 17% in the Netherlands and Sweden for both sexes. Over the same period, smaller or no declines occurred in most central European countries. Substantial mortality increases occurred in Croatia, the former Yugoslav republic of Macedonia, and Romania for both sexes and in most eastern European countries for @entity1 . In countries with decreasing mortality, reductions were more important for @entity1 of all ages and @entity1 younger than 65 years. In the 27 European Union member states, @entity14 mortality fell by 13.0% in @entity1 and 27.0% in @entity1 , compared with corresponding reductions of 39.8% and 38.8% in the United States. CONCLUSION: Over the past 40 years, there has been considerable disparity in the level of @entity14 mortality between European countries, as well as between @entity1 and @entity1 and age categories. Countries with the largest reductions in @entity14 mortality are characterised by better accessibility to screening services, especially endoscopic screening, and specialised care.

title: Trends in XXXX mortality in Europe: retrospective analysis of the WHO mortality database.

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess if a 12-week exercise intervention to improve aerobic fitness, muscle strength, and core stability also had an impact on @entity1295 , @entity158 , activity, and participation in adults with @entity13785 , an @entity74 . DESIGN: Open-label trial. Change was assessed by the chi-square test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. SETTING: Physiotherapy practices. @entity1 : Mildly affected adult @entity1 with @entity13785 who were not dependent on ventilators and/or walking devices and were receiving enzyme replacement therapy. INTERVENTION: @entity1 participated in a 12-week exercise program, which included 36 sessions of standardized aerobic, resistance, and core stability exercises. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Before and after the training program we evaluated @entity1295 (Fatigue Severity Scale), @entity158 (yes/no), motor function (Quantitative Muscle Function Test, Rasch-built Pompe-specific Activity Scale), amount of physical activity (activity monitor), and health status (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey). RESULTS: Of the 25 @entity1 enrolled, 23 completed the program. At the end of the program, levels of @entity1295 (median, 5.33 to 4.78, P=.01) and @entity158 (56.5% to 21.7%, P=.04) improved. The quality of motor function and the amount of physical activity @entity1 engaged in did not change. Changes in @entity158 and @entity1295 were not related to improvements in aerobic fitness or muscle strength. CONCLUSIONS: This study in mildly affected adult @entity1 with @entity13785 suggests that a combined training program aiming to increase aerobic fitness, muscle strength, and core stability also leads to improvements in @entity1295 and @entity158 .

title: Exercise training in adults with @entity13785 : the effects on XXXX , @entity1295 , and functioning.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity13785 :: ('MESH:D006009', 'Disease') :: ['Pompe disease']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited neuromuscular disorder']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 8-year-old Chinese @entity1 with generalized @entity1569 (GPP) refractory to @entity205 and @entity1667 was treated successfully with two infusions of infliximab 3.3 mg/kg. He remained in remission for 21 months. Direct sequencing of @entity34693 gene showed a homozygous mutation, @entity71442 . Juvenile GPP is a rare severe form of @entity1569 occasionally associated with life-threatening complications. Like acitretin, @entity205 and @entity1499 , infliximab has been reported to be effective for juvenile GPP in case reports. However, there is a lack of data in the optimal treatment course of infliximab for juvenile GPP. Prolonged administration of these medications may cause @entity66 . We suggest that short-term infliximab regimen should be recommended as a choice for acute juvenile GPP refractory to traditional systemic therapies. WBC count and CRP are sensitive parameters to reflect the disease activity and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Monitoring @entity404 T lymphocyte count, preventing and correcting @entity404 @entity2905 are important in the treatment course of juvenile GPP.

title: Juvenile generalized @entity1569 with XXXX mutation treated with short-term infliximab.

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1569 :: ('MESH:D011565', 'Disease') :: ['psoriasis', 'pustular psoriasis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['toxic or fatal complications']

entities_list: @entity2905 :: ('MESH:D008231', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity34693 :: (26525,Gene) :: ['IL36RN']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity4140 and @entity9563 on the membrane and contractile properties of smooth muscle cells and on excitatory neuro-effector transmission in the @entity235 @entity825 were investigated by means of microelectrode, double @entity969 gap and tension recording methods. 2. @entity4140 (10(-7) M) and @entity9563 (10(-5) M) had no effect on the resting membrane potential or the input resistance of the smooth muscle cells. 3. @entity4140 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) and @entity9563 (10(-7) M) enhanced the amplitude of twitch contractions evoked by field stimulation in the combined presence of @entity3352 (10(-5) M) and @entity1169 (10(-6) M). At higher concentrations @entity4140 (10(-8) M) inhibited the twitch contractions in a dose-dependent manner. Both @entity4140 and @entity9563 in doses over 10(-7) and 10(-5) M, respectively, reduced muscle tone. 4. @entity4140 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) and @entity9563 (10(-7) M) enhanced the amplitude of excitatory junction potentials (e.j.ps) evoked by field stimulation (single or repetitive stimulation). However, a high concentration of @entity4140 (10(-8) M) reduced the amplitude of e.j.ps. In parallel with its action on e.j.ps, @entity4140 (over 10(-9) M) reduced the response of smooth muscle cells to @entity934 ( @entity1617 ), in a dose-dependent manner. @entity9563 (5 X 10(-5) M) markedly enhanced the amplitude of e.j.ps but also reduced the response of muscle cells to @entity1617 . 5. @entity1617 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) inhibited twitch contractions evoked by field stimulation, with a slight increase of resting tension. 6. @entity9563 enhanced the summation of e.j.ps during repetitive field stimulation at a high frequency (20 Hz), but was without effect on the @entity308 phenomena of e.j.ps observed during double stimulus experiments at different time intervals (5-60 s). 7. These results indicate that both @entity4140 and @entity9563 have dual actions on pre- and post-junctional muscarinic receptors in @entity235 tracheal tissue. At low concentrations both agents potentiate excitatory neuro-effector transmission, presumably due to enhancement of release of @entity1617 from vagal nerve terminals through blockade of a negative auto-regulatory process activated by endogenous @entity1617 . At higher concentrations, these agents inhibit the response of smooth muscle cells to @entity1617 through post-junctional muscarinic receptors and relaxation of the muscle tissue occurs.

title: Autoregulation of @entity934 release from vagus nerve terminals through activation of muscarinic receptors in the XXXX @entity825 .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['Gallamine', 'gallamine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['Pirenzepine', 'pirenzepine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: PURPOSE: Because evasion of @entity5 suppression is a critical step in @entity5 development, @entity5 cells have developed a variety of mechanisms to circumvent the influence of @entity5 suppressive pathways. Thus, genes that negatively regulate @entity5 suppressors could be considered novel types of oncogenes such as @entity3752 repressing @entity986 and inhibiting @entity876 and were found to be frequently up-regulated in a variety of @entity5 . @entity1435 (MAPK), which reportedly plays a crucial role as a @entity5 suppressor, is activated in number of @entity2220 , which is seemingly at odds with its role as a @entity5 suppressor. METHODS: We examined 10 @entity2220 and corresponding normal tissues and determined the expression levels of a variety of @entity5 suppressor proteins through real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry and measured @entity1435 MAPK activity by immunoblotting or immunohistochemistry analysis. In the in vitro cellular model, @entity1435 activation by @entity8498 and consequent senescence induction was achieved through retro-viral gene transduction. Similarly, the suppression of @entity986 by @entity3752 after the introduction of @entity8498 was achieved through transient transfection with cationic liposome. RESULTS: We detected several @entity2220 that were positive for activated @entity1435 MAPK but evidenced reduced levels of @entity986 expression. The suppression of @entity986 occurred in parallel with an increase in @entity3752 and/or @entity986 promoter hypermethylation. Consistent with these observations, the @entity8498 -stimulated induction of @entity986 was suppressed significantly through the coexpression of @entity3752 in vitro. DISCUSSION: These results demonstrate that the suppression of @entity986 by either the induction of @entity3752 or the hypermethylation of @entity986 may be an important step in avoiding @entity5 surveillance by @entity1435 MAPK during the development of @entity2 .

title: @entity986 XXXX by @entity3752 in the presence of @entity1435 activation.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1435 :: ('1432', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38']

entities_list: @entity2220 :: ('MESH:C538231', 'Disease') :: ['lung adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity2220 :: (MESH:C538231,Disease) :: ['suppression of lung adenocarcinoma']


abstract: In this paper we report the @entity943 recorded on basal ECG, on Holter monitoring or on exercise test, in 32 pts affected by arrhythmogenic right ventricle (ARV). A sustained @entity1165 ( @entity1165 ) was present in 11 pts a non sustained @entity1165 in 15 pts, a slow @entity1165 in 2 pts, a @entity2224 ( @entity2224 ) in 3 pts and both sustained @entity1165 and @entity2224 in 1 pt. All but 1 case of sustained @entity1165 showed a LBBB like pattern. The heart rate during @entity1165 ranged between 170 and 280 beats/min. The frontal axis of the @entity1165 showed a wide range of deviation. Among non sustained @entity1165 , 9 cases had LBBB like pattern and 6 cases had polymorphic configuration. The 2 cases of slow @entity1165 showed LBBB like pattern with right axis deviation. A comparison between @entity943 and @entity73 was made. The data obtained suggest that the effort plays an important role in the induction of @entity1165 in pts with localized @entity73 . In conclusion a wide spectrum of @entity1165 is present in the ARV. Probably the RV "arrhythmogenic" zones and the electrophysiological mechanism causing the @entity943 are various.

title: [Tachycardia and XXXX in the arrhythmogenic right ventricle (arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle). Clinical and electrocardiographic spectrum].

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['RV impairment']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias', 'VT', 'ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity2224 :: ('MESH:D014693', 'Disease') :: ['VF', 'ventricular fibrillation']

answer: @entity2224 :: (MESH:D014693,Disease) :: ['ventricular fibrillation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most commonly identified pathologies in @entity1 with medically intractable @entity302 include @entity10067 , @entity131 , @entity5 , and remote @entity2806 . Surgery has proven to be an effective therapeutic modality in most of such @entity1 . The coexistence of multiple pathologies in resected tissues is well documented, particularly @entity7667 and @entity10067 . Cases of triple pathology are, however, extraordinarily unusual. We report 2 cases of triple pathology including @entity131 , @entity7667 , and @entity10067 . Cases of pathologically confirmed @entity131 diagnosed between January 2000 to December 2012 (n= 349) were reviewed, and only 2 cases (0.6%) with triple pathology were identified. The histopathologic and clinical features of these 2 cases are reviewed. The @entity1 included a 6-year-old @entity1 and 10-year-old @entity1 . The former @entity1 presented with a 4-year history of @entity302 and @entity952 . Imaging identified a lesion in the left parahippocampal gyrus and posterior hippocampus. The latter @entity1 presented with an 8-year history of @entity302 , attention @entity2915 , and a @entity245 . Imaging identified a lesion in the left posterior temporal and occipital region. Resected tissues in both @entity1 showed a @entity7667 (World Health Organization grade I) with accompanying @entity10067 and @entity131 . Both @entity1 were @entity410 free on antiepileptic medication at last follow-up at 20 and 38 months, respectively. The prevalence of triple pathology including @entity131 is low (<1% in the current study). Surgical intervention for triple pathology cases anecdotally appears effective in achieving @entity410 control.

title: Coexistent @entity7667 , @entity10067 , and @entity131 (triple pathology) in chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['girl', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic damage']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['pervasive developmental disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['deficient hyperactivity disease']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['oppositional defiant disorder']

entities_list: @entity10067 :: ('MESH:C537067', 'Disease') :: ['focal cortical dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity7667 :: ('MESH:D018303', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglioma']

answer: @entity302 :: (MESH:D004827,Disease) :: ['epilepsy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Successful use of i.v. @entity3352 for urgent management of @entity428 ( @entity428 ) due to @entity879 is reported. SUMMARY: A 42-year-old @entity1 receiving intensive care for fulminant @entity1578 secondary to @entity1443 @entity137 developed @entity2657 and @entity428 refractory to standard pharmacotherapy and respiratory support measures. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the @entity1 's head was ordered as part of an evaluation for liver transplantation, but the @entity1 's severely elevated @entity428 precluded supine positioning for the CT study (throughout the hospital stay, the head of the @entity1 's bed was kept at a 30   angle to optimize cerebral venous outflow). With administration of @entity3352 10 mg by i.v. injection, the @entity428 decreased from 29 to 13 mm Hg and remained at goal after the @entity1 was placed in a fully supine position for a period long enough to permit the CT scan. @entity3352 was used a second time to facilitate CT imaging several days later. No adverse effects attributable to @entity3352 use were documented. Although the @entity1 underwent successful liver transplantation, her mental status and overall clinical status continued to deteriorate and she died on postoperative day 12. CONCLUSION: Despite the poor overall @entity1 outcome in this case, i.v. @entity3352 was successfully used to decrease @entity428 in order to facilitate CT imaging as part of a transplantation eligibility workup.

title: XXXX for treatment of refractory @entity428 secondary to @entity879 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity2657 :: ('MESH:D001929', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral edema']

entities_list: @entity428 :: ('MESH:D019586', 'Disease') :: ['elevated intracranial pressure', 'ICP', 'intracranial hypertension']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity1578 :: ('MESH:D017093', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic failure']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin', 'Indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity3352 :: (MESH:D007213,Chemical) :: ['Indomethacin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether bariatric surgery is associated with @entity1592 ( @entity1592 ). METHODS: We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study to estimate the relationship between prior bariatric surgery and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The data were collected from the 2012 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample (HCUP-NIS). Pregnancies in @entity28 @entity1 with a prior bariatric surgery were compared to those of @entity28 @entity1 without. Outcomes of interest were @entity1468 , @entity1592 , @entity5617 , large for gestational age, postpartum @entity548 , @entity2143 , cesarean delivery and operative vaginal delivery. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders. RESULTS: 186   605 @entity28 @entity1 with singleton gestations were identified. Among these, 1585 (0.8%) @entity1 had a prior bariatric surgery. Prior bariatric surgery was associated with an increased risk of @entity1592 (5.7% versus 2.2%, adjusted odds ratio 2.89, 99% CI 1.55-5.39, p   <   0.0001) even after adjusting for confounding factors. No differences were seen in our other outcomes of interest. CONCLUSION: Singleton gestations in @entity28 @entity1 with a prior bariatric surgery have an increased risk of @entity1592 . It may be reasonable screen these pregnancies for the development of growth restriction.

title: Bariatric surgery and associated adverse pregnancy outcomes among @entity28 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1592 :: ('MESH:D005317', 'Disease') :: ['IUGR', 'intrauterine growth restriction']

entities_list: @entity2143 :: ('MESH:D048949', 'Disease') :: ['failed induction of labor']

entities_list: @entity1468 :: ('MESH:D011225', 'Disease') :: ['pre-eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity5617 :: ('MESH:D005313', 'Disease') :: ['intrauterine fetal demise']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: Mortality rates in the United States from @entity453 are higher among blacks than whites at younger ages, with a crossover to lower rates above the age of 70. The factors that determine this crossover of age-specific death rates have not been elucidated. Selection from the black population of younger individuals who are sicker by virtue of being more coronary prone might leave a relatively healthier group of older @entity1 . Support for this hypothesis would consist in part of evidence that @entity453 has an earlier onset in the black population. We examined data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey for the years 1973-1984 to determine if age-related differences in case-fatality rates existed between whites and nonwhites. In-hospital case fatality rates were 10% to 70% higher for each of the 10 year age groups for nonwhites up to age 70, at which time a crossover occurred. The median age at death from @entity583 was approximately 5 years younger in nonwhites compared with whites. National estimates of hospitalization rates for @entity583 from these data likewise suggest that nonwhites receive less health care for @entity453 than whites relative to recorded fatal events. The age-specific trends in case-fatality support the hypothesis that a cohort selection effect in part determines the black/white differentials in @entity453 . Relative susceptibility of the black and white population is thus not appropriately estimated by age-adjusted rates, but should be examined on an age-specific basis within the framework of selection effects on a cohort.

title: In-hospital mortality rates from acute XXXX by race in U.S. hospitals: findings from the National Hospital Discharge Survey.

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the contribution of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy to intraoperative lymphatic mapping (ILM) in early cervical @entity5 METHODS: We conducted an ancillary analysis of the multicenter prospective SENTICOL study in early cervical @entity5 . Radiocolloid was injected intracervically on the day before (long protocol) or morning of (short protocol) surgery, lymphoscintigraphy was performed, and the results of a centralized image review were communicated to the surgeons. ILM was performed on combined radioactivity/patent blue detection. Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) were electively sampled before routine bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy by laparoscopy. RESULTS: Of 139 @entity1 in the modified intention-to-diagnose analysis, 114 had centrally reviewed lymphoscintigrams, which showed 352 SLNs in 100 @entity1 . Lymphoscintigraphy and ILM detection rates were 87.8% and 97.8%, respectively. Agreement between lymphoscintigraphy and ILM was low for the number of SLNs (k=0.23; -0.04; 0.49) and bilateral SLNs (k=0.36; 0.2; 0.52). No @entity1 without SLNs by ILM had SLNs by lymphoscintigraphy. Lymphoscintigraphy identified substantial proportions of unusual drainage pathways. No @entity1 with metastatic nodes had SLNs by lymphoscintigraphy but not by ILM in the relevant territory. In 1 of the 2 @entity1 with false-negative SLN results, SLNs were bilateral by lymphoscintigraphy and unilateral by ILM. CONCLUSION: Although the detection rate was lower by lymphoscintigraphy than by ILM, the substantial proportions of SLNs in unusual territories provided valuable guidance for the surgical exploration. Awareness of the limited agreement between lymphoscintigraphic and surgical detection might help surgeons decrease the false-negative rate.

title: Contribution of lymphoscintigraphy to intraoperative sentinel lymph node detection in early cervical XXXX : Analysis of the prospective multicenter SENTICOL cohort.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: At the beginning of the XXIst century the Internet became one of the most important sources of information. Medicine and health are the main topics of discussion on numerous forums and portals. Authors of the following article took the trouble to investigate Polish forums concerning Lyme disease. A typical Googlesearch of the Polish Internet reveals 77 forums with boreliosis threads. The largest (ca. 700 threads) and mostly quoted (26/77, which states for 34% all forums contained references to it) of all the forums is entitled 'borelioza' and it is hosted by Gazeta.pl (http:// forum.gazeta.pl/forum/71,1.html?f = 26140). It was founded and it is still run by the Boreliosis @entity1 Association. The Association disseminates ideas of ILADS, which presents boreliosis as a chronic, serious disease and also supports diagnostic and treating recommendations, contradictory to the standards of renowned medical authorities. @entity1 searching the Internet for the information on boreliosis are very likely to come across the webpages referring to the forum of the Association. As a result they might encounter faulty recommendations of ILADS. Members of the Association induce one another with hypochondriac fantasies of a disease, sometimes exceeding the limits of a delusion. The Association promotes faulty convictions about the internal "enemy"--boreliosis, incompetent and unfeeling doctors protecting it, and propose to unite in common defence. Such actions are a perfect encouragement for all somatization prone @entity1 to undertake activities destructive to their health. It also leads to irrational social behaviour, which can be described as an induced hypochondria. CONCLUSION: The Internet has become a source of many unreliable information on boreliosis, which may potentially impose a serious threat to @entity1 ' health. While counselling the @entity1 who affiliate their chronic symptoms with boreliosis, do not forget the possibility of induced @entity148 , hypochondria, or a propagated distrust to the doctors and pay more attention to the @entity1 .

title: [Growing boreliosis XXXX and its reasons].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'People', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety disorder']

answer: @entity148 :: (MESH:D001008,Disease) :: ['anxiety']


abstract: The structure of reparative tertiary dentin in @entity1 deciduous teeth has been studied. Reparative dentin is secreted by a new generation of odontoblast-like cells which have been subject to strong stimuli, e.g., @entity130 or deep active @entity75 with associated pulp @entity32 . Ground sections of 25 teeth were prepared, and contact microradiographs were produced. Another 30 teeth were demineralized, embedded in @entity982 , sectioned, and stained with @entity1710 and @entity1711 . Some demineralized sections from each tooth were also studied in the scanning electron microscope. Most of the teeth showed some type of tertiary dentin formation. Mineralized tissue with a varied morphology was observed. In teeth which had been subject to @entity130 , the entire pulp chamber was sometimes obliterated. Mineralization seemed to start in the incisal region, and the central part of the pulp was the last part to be obliterated. Radiolucent voids and canals were seen. The organic matrix was dense and fibrous. In the pulp chamber and especially in the root canals, resorption had often occurred, indicating that signals giving rise to odontoclasts were also present. Resorption was often followed by deposition of various amounts of cementum-like repair tissue. The cells responsible for the formation of reparative dentin are believed to be subodontoblasts or undifferentiated ectomesenchymal cells. The varied morphology of the reparative dentin, observed in the pulp of the teeth examined, indicates that different stimuli lead to induction of hard-tissue-forming cells which produce different types of hard tissue.

title: Further observations on tertiary dentin in XXXX deciduous teeth.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['caries lesions']

entities_list: @entity982 :: ('MESH:D010232', 'Chemical') :: ['paraffin']

entities_list: @entity1710 :: ('MESH:D006416', 'Chemical') :: ['hematoxylin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: The @entity19 @entity71865 -encoding gene (alpha B-cry) is highly expressed in the lens and expressed to lesser extents in other tissues. Here, we investigated alpha B-cry expression in @entity19 -lung-derived MLg cells. Two sizes of MLg alpha B-cry transcripts comigrated with alpha B-cry transcripts contained in total and poly(A)+RNA from @entity19 lung, with preference for the larger species in the MLg cells. Expression of both alpha B-cry promoter/cat reporter gene constructs and alpha B-cry enhancer (nt -427/-259)/herpes simplex virus (HSV) @entity1014 kinase promoter (ptk)/ @entity1 growth hormone reporter gene (hGH) constructs was studied in transfected MLg cells and the results compared with those obtained from alpha TN4-1 lens and C2C12 muscle cells. The alpha B-cry enhancer increased activity of the endogenous and tk promoters approx. 2-fold in the MLg cells, in contrast to its 3-7-fold effect in alpha TN4-1 cells and 17-20-fold effect in C2C12 myotubes. Site-specific mutagenesis of the previously identified enhancer control elements, alpha B-E-1 (nt -407 to -397), alpha BE-2 (-360 to -327) and @entity19577 (-300 to -288), decreased enhancer strength in transfected MLg cells. @entity9828 footprinting showed that MLg nuclear proteins occupy only alpha BE-1 and alpha BE-2. Previous data have shown that lens cells use alpha BE-1, alpha BE-2 and alpha BE-3, while muscle cells use, in addition, the @entity19577 ( @entity19577 ). Thus, the present experiments correlate tissue-specific enhancer strength and the number of control elements utilized.

title: Differential use of the regulatory elements of the @entity71865 enhancer in cultured XXXX lung (MLg), lens (alpha TN4-1) and muscle (C2C12) cells.

entities_list: @entity19577 :: ('225908(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['MRF', 'muscle regulatory factor-binding site']

entities_list: @entity1014 :: ('MESH:D013936', 'Chemical') :: ['thymidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: AIMS: To determine maternal and perinatal outcome of @entity3036 @entity1 over a decade. METHODS: Analysis of case records of all @entity3036 cases from January 2005 to December 2014. RESULTS: There were 30 cases of @entity3036 . The most significant risk factors for developing @entity1468 are unbooked cases (97%), nulliparity, young age, marriage    <=4 months, history of @entity1468 in previous pregnancy, remarriage, preexisting @entity6 , interval between pregnancies   >= 10 years, positive family history. The incidence of @entity3036 was 0.05%, @entity10267 (50%), intrapartum 6 (20%) and postpartum 9 (30%) with no maternal deaths, and 1 perinatal @entity204 . Perinatal mortality was 33.3/1000. 22 (73%) @entity1 received @entity2400 ( @entity2400 ) and 8 @entity1 (27%) received @entity3175 , of which 1 had recurrence of @entity410 . All 15 antepartum cases were delivered by cesarean section as were 2 intrapartum. 13 (43%) of @entity1 delivered vaginally. Only 6 (20%) @entity1 were of low socio-economic status and were primary school educated. Severe maternal complications occurred in 8 (27%), with abruptio placentae being the most common 3 (38%). CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of @entity3036 was low, with no maternal deaths. @entity2400 was found to be highly effective. Lack of antenatal care is a major risk factor.

title: Maternal and perinatal outcome of XXXX over a decade at a tertiary hospital in Kuwait.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsions']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity2400 :: ('CHEBI:32599', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulphate', 'MgSO4']

entities_list: @entity3036 :: ('MESH:D004461', 'Disease') :: ['eclampsia']

entities_list: @entity10267 :: ('MESH:C538037', 'Disease') :: ['antepartum eclampsia 15']

answer: @entity3036 :: (MESH:D004461,Disease) :: ['eclampsia']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity409 after severe @entity409 depends in part on proliferation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). Under these conditions they must be able to withstand the toxic milieu of the damaged liver. @entity855 binding cassette (ABC) transporters are cytoprotective efflux pumps that may contribute to the preservation of these cells. The aim of this study was to determine the ABC transporter phenotype of HPCs. METHODS: HPC activation was studied in @entity35 treated with @entity5997 ( @entity5997 ) followed by partial hepatectomy (PHx). ABC transporter gene expression was determined by real time detection reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in isolated HPCs, hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, and cultured progenitor cell-like RLF phi 13 cells and by immunohistochemistry of total liver samples. ABC transporter efflux activity was studied in RLF phi 13 cells by flow cytometry. RESULTS: 2-AAF/PHx treated animals showed increased hepatic mRNA levels of the genes encoding multidrug resistance proteins Mdr1b, @entity24071 , and @entity24072 . Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of @entity24071 and @entity24072 proteins in periportal progenitor cells and of the Mdr1b protein in periportal hepatocytes. Freshly isolated @entity18715 positive cells and cultured RLF phi 13 progenitor cells highly expressed @entity24071 and @entity24072 mRNA while the hepatocyte specific transporters @entity32224 , @entity30167 , @entity21998 , and @entity72274 were only minimally expressed. Blocking @entity24071 activity by @entity7359 resulted in accumulation of the @entity24071 specific substrate @entity12311 in RLF phi 13 cells. CONCLUSION: HPCs express high levels of active @entity24071 and @entity24072 . These may have a cytoprotective role in conditions of severe hepatotoxicity.

title: @entity855 binding cassette transporter gene expression in XXXX liver progenitor cells.

entities_list: @entity12311 :: ('MESH:C024098', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxyfluorescein']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver regeneration', 'liver damage']

entities_list: @entity5997 :: ('MESH:D015073', 'Chemical') :: ['2-AAF', '2- acetylaminofluorene']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Revision total hip arthroplasty is indicated for most @entity3564 that occur around the stem of the femoral implant. The purpose of the present study was to assess the results and complications of revision total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of @entity3330 . METHODS: We evaluated 118 hips in 116 @entity1 who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty because of an acute Vancouver type-B periprosthetic @entity3330 . The femoral implant used for the revision was a cemented stem in forty-two hips, a proximally porous-coated uncemented stem in twenty-eight, an extensively porous-coated stem in thirty, and an allograft-prosthesis composite or @entity5 prosthesis in eighteen. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the probability of survival was 90% at five years and 79.2% at ten years with revision or removal of the femoral implant for any reason as the end point. Sixteen femoral components were rerevised: ten were rerevised because of loosening; three, because of loosening in association with a @entity174 nonunion; two, because of recurrent dislocation; and one, because of a new @entity3564 . Additionally, six femoral implants were resected because of @entity281 (five) or prosthetic loosening (one). Radiographs of the ninety-six hips with a surviving implant showed that twenty-one had evidence of loosening of the femoral implant, four had a nonunion of the @entity3330 , and two had both a nonunion and loosening of the femoral implant. CONCLUSIONS: Revision total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of a @entity3564 around the stem of the femoral implant successfully restored function for most @entity1 . The greatest long-term problems were prosthetic loosening and @entity174 nonunion. Better results were seen when an uncemented, extensively porous-coated stem was used.

title: Treatment of XXXX following total hip arthroplasty with femoral component revision.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['deep infection']

entities_list: @entity3330 :: ('MESH:D005264', 'Disease') :: ['femoral fracture', 'periprosthetic femoral fractures']

entities_list: @entity3564 :: ('MESH:D057068', 'Disease') :: ['periprosthetic fractures', 'periprosthetic fracture']

answer: @entity3330 :: (MESH:D005264,Disease) :: ['periprosthetic femoral fractures']


abstract: The vascular endothelial function is altered in certain vascular pathology such as @entity101 . However, the endothelial effect of the pharmacologic treatment of this pathology with @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor is poorly understood. To evaluate the effects of long-term treatment of @entity3371 on the @entity35 aortic vascular reactivity, 2 groups of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) (n = 6) were studied for 12 weeks: the first group was treated with @entity3371 (CAP) (2 g/l of water) while group 2 (OCAP) received no treatment. A third group without @entity101 was considered as control group (CTL). At the end of the experiments, isolated aortic rings were studied in organ chambers for endothelial and smooth muscle vascular reactivity. The endothelial-dependent relaxations (EDR) to cumulative doses of @entity934 , @entity112 or @entity857 were significantly decreased in the aortic segments of CTL compared to CAP (p < 0.05). Aortic segments from OCAP group demonstrated intermediate EDR responses between CAP and CTL groups. Smooth muscle relaxation to @entity1854 was comparable among the 3 groups. Maximal smooth muscle contraction to progressive doses of @entity1063 was significantly higher in the CTL group compared to the @entity101 groups. CONCLUSION: Spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 have an increased basal vascular tone. The increased EDR observed with @entity101 partially compensates this hypercontractility. Chronic @entity101 treatment with @entity3371 partially normalizes EDR responses in the @entity35 aorta suggesting the lost of the endothelial compensatory mechanism by @entity1811 inhibitors.

title: [Effects of chronic administration of @entity3371 on vascular reactivity of the XXXX aorta].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'arterial hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1854 :: ('MESH:D009599', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium nitroprusside']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity857 :: ('MESH:D000244', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In vitro and animal model of @entity571 ( @entity571 ) studies suggest that @entity2533 signalling is involved in @entity571 , but @entity1 data is limited. We undertook this study to elucidate the role of @entity2533 signalling pathway in @entity571 by comparing the expression levels of @entity2533 and @entity1841 as ligands, @entity7379 as an intracellular mediator, and @entity1550 as a targeted gene between @entity1 osteoarthritic and healthy cartilage. METHODS: @entity1 cartilage samples were collected from @entity1 undergoing total hip/knee joint replacement surgery due to primary @entity571 or hip @entity174 as controls. RNA was extracted from the cartilage tissues. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to measure gene expression. Mann-Whitney test was utilized to compare the expression levels of @entity2533 , @entity1841 , @entity7379 and @entity1550 in @entity1 cartilage between @entity571 cases and controls. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) was calculated to examine the correlation between the expression levels of the four genes studied and non-parametric regression was used to adjust for covariates. RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity571 cases (25 hip @entity571 and 7 knee @entity571 ) and 21 healthy controls were included. The expression of @entity2533 , @entity7379 , and @entity1550 were on average 70  %, 46  %, and 355  % higher, respectively, whereas the expression of @entity1841 was 88  % lower, in @entity571 -affected cartilage than that of controls (all p   <   0.03), but no difference was observed between hip and knee @entity571 (all p   >   0.4). The expression of @entity2533 was correlated with the expression of @entity7379 (rho   =   0.50, p   =   0.003) and @entity1550 (rho   =   0.46, p   =   0.007) in @entity571 -affected cartilage and the significance became stronger after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI. The expression of @entity1841 was negatively correlated with both @entity2533 (rho   =   -0.50, p   =   0.02) and @entity1550 (rho   =   -0.48, p   =   0.02) in healthy cartilage, but the significance was altered after adjustment for the covariates. There was no correlation between the expression of @entity7379 and @entity1550 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that @entity1550 expression is associated with an increased expression of @entity2533 in @entity571 -affected cartilage, possibly through SMAD-independent @entity2533 pathway. Furthermore, @entity2533 / @entity7379 is overactivated in @entity571 cartilage; yet, the consequence of this overactivation remains to be established.

title: Overexpression of XXXX in @entity1 osteoarthritic cartilage is associated with the SMAD-independent @entity2533 signalling pathway.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'OA']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

answer: @entity1550 :: (4322,Gene) :: ['MMP13']


abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of carmofur ( @entity11221 ), a masked compound of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), in preventing postoperative recurrence of @entity5464 (especially in @entity150 ). Carmofur was given orally at the dose of 300 approximately 600 mg/day to 134 @entity1 (90 males and 44 females) after the resection. Out of 134 @entity1 , 121 @entity1 were evaluable and the rate of their recurrence was 10.7%. The rate of cumulative nonrecurrence for 65 @entity1 it was 96.0, 73.0 and 60.8% in 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The group of curative resection demonstrated a higher cumulative nonrecurrence rate than that of noncurative or palliative resection group. In considering the resection methods, transurethral resection of @entity150 group demonstrated a higher rate than partial or total cystectomy. The average concentration of @entity1487 in serum was 0.65 microgram/ml at 120 minutes after oral administration of 200 mg of carmofur. Moreover, the concentration of @entity1487 (15 approximately 35 micrograms/ml) in urine was higher than that of carmofur. The rate of side effects that appeared was 19.6%. The side effects were hot feeling (12.2%), pollakisuria (4.3%), @entity448 (4.3%), an antabuse-like reaction by drinking (3.8%) and so on. These results were similar to those already reported.

title: [Study on effectiveness of carmofur (Mifurol) in @entity5464 , especially XXXX , as a post-operative adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent].

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['bladder cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The treatment of long gap @entity1152 remains a major surgical challenge. The authors describe a modification of a lengthening technique based on tissue expansion to avoid sutures cutting through the esophagus. METHODS: Between January 2004 and August 2006, 4 @entity1 did not respond to stretching, and underwent this modified esophageal lengthening technique using silastic tubes. RESULTS AND FOLLOW-UP: All @entity1 recovered and have an intact esophagus. All @entity1 developed @entity354 . Thal antireflux procedure was performed in the first @entity1 . The other 3 @entity1 were managed conservatively. Follow-up ranged between 6 and 34 months. CONCLUSIONS: The tissue expansion principle can be successfully applied in the esophagus through external traction. Silastic tube fixation at esophageal ends may help to apply even traction and avoid sutures cutting through the esophageal tissue.

title: Long gap XXXX : lengthening technique and primary anastomosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux']

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']