abstract: In 12 conscious @entity235 on a normal @entity1372 diet the renal venous-arterial plasma @entity1122 activity-difference as a function of mean renal artery pressure ( @entity1122 stimulus-response curve; RSRC) as well as long-term mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; pressure-histograms) were measured repeatedly. The RSRC @entity73186 ) a threshold pressure ( @entity38911 ), 2) a flat section above @entity38911 (plateau-level), and 3) a steep slope below @entity38911 . From @entity235 to @entity235 the slope varied from -0.20 to -0.54 ng AI/ml/h/mmHg and @entity38911 from 78.4 to 107.1 mmHg. In every @entity235 MAP was higher than @entity38911 (MAP- @entity38911 :12.8 +/- 1.58 mmHg). @entity235 with a higher @entity38911 regularly showed a higher MAP (r = 0.76; P less than 0.005). Due to its normal variability arterial pressure occasionally falls below @entity38911 and thus causes @entity1122 release. Therefore MAP will stabilize at a level above @entity38911 . The pressor effect (MAP- @entity38911 ) of this feedback system should depend on the sensitivity of the pressure-dependent @entity1122 release mechanism (slope of RSRC). Accordingly we observed a close correlation between the slope of the RSRC and the MAP- @entity38911 difference (r = 0.93; P less than 0.0001). We conclude that in healthy @entity235 the level of long-term blood pressure can be explained almost completely by @entity38911 and the slope of the pressure-dependent @entity1122 release. Our findings may offer new perspectives to the pathogenesis of @entity101 .

title: Pressure-dependent XXXX release: the kidney factor in long-term control of arterial blood pressure in conscious @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1122 :: (403838(Tax:9615),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We examined the effects of @entity38001 in @entity35 subjected to @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ). @entity38001 (50, 100, and 200   mg/kg, i.p.), was administered from the day of surgery for 14   days. Spinal cord levels of apoptotic factors and glia markers were quantified on days 3, 7, and 14 post- @entity8638 . Oxidative stress markers were assessed on days 7 and 14. @entity8638 @entity35 exhibited a marked mechanical @entity1931 , @entity1931 , and thermal @entity1931 on days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 post- @entity8638 . A significant increase in the levels of Iba (a marker of microglia activation) and @entity2310 (a proapoptotic factor) was observed on day 3. Iba remained high on day 7. In contrast, there were no differences in glial fibrillary acidic protein contents between sham and @entity8638 animals. @entity1234 increased and reduced @entity2041 decreased on day 14. @entity38001 significantly attenuated behavioral changes associated with @entity16 . @entity2310 decreased, while @entity1976 was increased by @entity38001 on day 3. @entity38001 also reduced Iba protein on days 3 and 7. The results support evidence that microglial activation, apoptotic factors, and oxidative stress may have a pivotal role in the @entity9 pathogenesis. It is suggested that antinociceptive effects elicited by @entity38001 might be through the inhibition of microglia activation, apoptotic pathways, and antioxidant properties. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: The Effect of @entity38001 in XXXX Induced by Chronic Constriction Injury in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['allodynia', 'cold allodynia', 'hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['glutathione']

entities_list: @entity38001 :: ('MESH:C058956', 'Chemical') :: ['Verbascoside', 'verbascoside']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['Malondialdehyde']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['chronic constriction injury', 'CCI']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity9 :: (MESH:D009437,Disease) :: ['Neuropathic Pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that drugs comprise a group of non-peptide antigens that can be recognized by @entity1 T cells in the context of HLA class II and that this recognition is involved in @entity56 . Recent studies have demonstrated a MHC-restricted but processing- and metabolism-independent pathway for the presentation of allergenic drugs such as @entity3303 and @entity207 ( @entity1598 ) to drug-specific T cells. However, there is little information so far on the precise molecular mechanisms of this non-covalent drug presentation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the requirements for a specific peptide occupying the groove of the MHC class II molecule for the efficient presentation of non-covalently bound drugs to @entity404 + T cells. METHODS: We analysed the effect of coincubation or prepulse of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with different peptides on the proliferative responses of @entity1598 -specific @entity404 + T cell clones. In a second series of experiments, we eluted HLA-bound peptides from the surface of @entity1358 by mild acid treatment. Successful removal of peptides was tested directly using labelled peptides and functionally by monitoring activation and proliferation of peptide-specific T cell clones. Finally, the presentation of @entity1598 to @entity1598 -specific T cell clones before and after elution of MHC class II bound peptides was tested. RESULTS: We found that neither peptide coincubation nor peptide prepulse of @entity1358 altered the proliferative response of @entity1598 -specific T cells. @entity1358 treated with the acid for a short time retained cell viability, MHC class II expression and antigen presenting cell function. However, defined peptides could be eluted from surface MHC class II molecules nearly quantitatively. Nevertheless, the chemically non-reactive drug @entity1598 could still be presented to specific T cells independent of the presence of distinct self-peptides. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that small molecules like drugs can bind to a multitude of HLA-bound peptides or that, similar to superantigens, they might bind directly to HLA.

title: Non-covalent presentation of @entity207 to @entity1 XXXX + T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen-bound peptides.

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity207 :: ('MESH:D013420', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfamethoxazole']

answer: @entity404 :: (920,Gene) :: ['CD4']


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the thicknesses of the inner layers of the macula in both eyes of @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and compare them with normal control eyes. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional pilot study enrolled @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 , who had @entity227 in only 1 eye, and controls with a normal eye examination. Horizontal and vertical B-scan images centered on the fovea were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence. Semiautomatic delineation and segmentation of the inner layers of the retina were performed to evaluate macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), @entity1358 (GC-IPL) thicknesses. Mean, superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal inner macular layer thicknesses were compared between affected eyes, @entity735 without @entity227 , and control eyes. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 and 14 normal control eyes were enrolled. In the affected @entity725 eyes, thinning of the mRNFL, GCC, and GC-IPL layers on horizontal and vertical scans were significant when compared with controls (P<0.05), particularly on vertical scans (P<0.001). The mean regional macular GCC and GC-IPL were most severely thinned in the inferior and temporal perifoveal regions. The unaffected eye of @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 showed significant thinning of the mRNFL only in the vertical scan when compared with normal controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Spectral domain optical coherence tomography detected significant thinning of the mRNFL, GCC, and GC-IPL in the affected eyes of @entity1 with unilateral @entity725 . @entity735 showed early structural changes only in the vertical mRNFL scans when compared with normal controls.

title: Segmental Analysis of Macular Layers in XXXX With Unilateral Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity725 :: ('MESH:C562750', 'Disease') :: ['primary open-angle glaucoma', 'POAG']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field defect']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['fellow eyes', 'Fellow eyes']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['ganglion cell complex (GCC) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Combination of tumor antigens with immunostimulants is a promising approach in @entity5 immunotherapy. We assessed animal model @entity137 of AS15 combined with various tumor antigens: @entity70662 ( @entity95 ), or p501, dHER2 and recPRAME ( @entity5434 ), administered in seven or 20 dose regimens versus a saline control. Clinical and ophthalmological examinations, followed by extensive post-mortem pathological examinations, were performed on all animals. Blood hematology and biochemistry parameters were also assessed. Antigen-specific antibody titers were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additional assessments in monkeys included electrocardiography and immunohistochemical evaluations of the p501 expression pattern. Transient increases in body temperature were observed 4 h or 24 h after injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and dHER2   +   AS15. @entity4 and erythema were observed up to 1 week after most injections of recPRAME   +   AS15 and all injections of dHER2   +   AS15. No treatment-related effects were observed for electrocardiography parameters. Mean fibrinogen levels were significantly higher in all treated groups compared to controls, but no differences could be observed at the end of the treatment-free period. Transient but significant differences in biochemistry parameters were observed post-injection: lower albumin/globulin ratios (p501   +   AS15), and higher @entity648 , @entity1133 and @entity1011 (dHER2   +   AS15). Pathology examinations revealed significant increases in axillary lymph node mean weights (recPRAME   +   AS15) compared to controls. A 100% seroconversion rate was observed in all treated groups, but not in controls. p501 protein expression was observed in prostates of all monkeys from studies assessing p501   +   AS15. These results suggest a favorable safety profile of the AS15-containing candidate vaccines, supporting the use of AS15 for clinical development of potential anticancer vaccines. Copyright    2015 The Authors. Journal of Applied Toxicology Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Non-clinical safety evaluation of repeated intramuscular administration of the AS15 immunostimulant combined with various antigens in @entity95 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity5434 :: ('9541', 'Species') :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity5434 :: (9541,Species) :: ['cynomolgus monkeys']


abstract: The neurosurgeon has a great deal to offer in the therapy of @entity5 . Dr. Dandy's supposition that all @entity5 could be approached by the intracranial route is certainly correct, but technical advances have made the medial and lateral approaches to the orbit more useful for most @entity5 which are confined to the orbit (22, 25). For those which involve the posterior orbit and canal and have intracranial extensions, the intracranial approach is excellent. Since Dandy's first description of the procedure in 1922, there have been 29 @entity1 reports concerning the results of transcranial canalicular decompression for non-traumatic causes. The most common diagnosis was @entity1653 (15), and other @entity5 diagnoses were @entity82 (7) and @entity2695 (2). One-third of the @entity1 were improved; one-third had vision stabilized; and one-third were made worse by surgery. Modern techniques with the @entity3178 and high speed drill have greatly improved these results. Our own experience in the decompression of 15 canals in 11 @entity1 is as follows. There were six @entity1 with @entity1653 , and two were bilateral. Three @entity1 were found to have a vascular dolichoectasis and one @entity1 had an @entity2695 , and in two @entity1 no compression was identified. Immediately postoperatively, two-thirds of the @entity1 were improved, and only one eye (representing 6.7% of the nerves decompressed) was worsened. This resulted from an attempt to totally remove an adherent @entity1653 . Long-term follow-up median 34 months has demonstrated maintenance of these gains. Eighty percent of the @entity1 have improved or remained stable. These data indicate that the procedure described can be done safely without major risk of @entity227 . The neurosurgeon should play an increasingly important role in the evaluation and therapy of posteriorly placed @entity5 and unexplained @entity1781 .

title: Neurosurgical involvement in XXXX of the orbit.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrous dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity2695 :: ('MESH:D006391', 'Disease') :: ['hemangioma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['orbital tumors', 'tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity3178 :: ('MESH:D046728', 'Disease') :: ['microscope']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['sheath meningioma', 'meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['compressive optic neuropathy']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumors']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1751 ( @entity1751 ) is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease typically characterized by recurrent painful, deep inflammatory nodules of the axillary, breast, groin and gluteal areas. European recommendations are mainly based on expert opinion. Drug treatments are heterogenous (e.g., antibiotics, @entity288 , @entity4878 ) and lack consensus among expert centres. The most severe disease forms or those failing to respond to conventional drugs may be associated with worsened functional prognosis. Anti- @entity5 @entity39 factor a (anti- @entity310 ) drugs have been prescribed in these cases. The results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are discordant. Three RCTs concluded to the efficacy of adalimumab (ADA), and two others did not detect any difference between infliximab (IFX) or etanercept (ETA) and placebo. Finally, data from the literature and reported experiences do not conclude on the efficacy of anti- @entity310 drugs for @entity1751 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Anti- XXXX therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa. Results from a national cohort study between 2000 and 2013.

entities_list: @entity1751 :: ('MESH:D017497', 'Disease') :: ['HS', 'Hidradenitis suppurativa']

entities_list: @entity4878 :: ('MESH:D012176', 'Chemical') :: ['retinoids']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['corticosteroids']

answer: @entity310 :: (7124,Gene) :: ['TNFa']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) on @entity3034 -induced peak-dose @entity910 in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted on @entity1 who underwent STN DBS for @entity191 from May 2000 to July 2012. Only @entity1 with @entity3034 -induced @entity910 prior to surgery and more than 1 year of available follow-up data after DBS were included. The outcome measures included the @entity910 subscore of the Unified @entity191 Rating Scale (UPDRS) part IV (items 32 to 34 of UPDRS part IV) and the @entity3034 equivalent daily dose (LEDD). The @entity1 were divided into two groups based on preoperative to postoperative LEDD change at 12 months after the surgery: Group 1, LEDD decrease >15%; Group 2, all other @entity1 . Group 2 was further divided by the location of DBS leads. RESULTS: Of the 100 @entity1 enrolled, 67 were in Group 1, while those remaining were in Group 2. Twelve months after STN DBS, Groups 1 and 2 showed improvements of 61.90% and 57.14%, respectively, in the @entity910 subscore. Group 1 was more likely to experience @entity910 suppression; however, the association between the groups and @entity910 suppression was not statistically significant (p=0.619). In Group 2, @entity910 was significantly decreased by stimulation of the area above the STN in 18 @entity1 compared to stimulation of the STN in 15 @entity1 (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: @entity3034 -induced @entity910 is attenuated by STN DBS without reducing the @entity3034 dosage.

title: Effect of Subthalamic Deep Brain Stimulation on XXXX -Induced @entity910 in @entity191 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3034 :: ('MESH:D007980', 'Chemical') :: ['Levodopa', 'levodopa']

entities_list: @entity910 :: ('MESH:D004409', 'Disease') :: ['dyskinesia']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity3034 :: (MESH:D007980,Chemical) :: ['Levodopa']


abstract: The growth pattern of bone marrow cells in agar culture was studied in 56 @entity1 with untreated @entity981 . 4 different growth patterns were recognized: (A) colony and cluster formation, (B) growth of small clusters (3-20 cells) only but less than 600/10(5) cells, (C) growth of small clusters only but more than 600/10(5) cells, and (D) no growth in vitro. @entity1 in group A and B had a significantly higher remission rate (23/34) than @entity1 in group C and D (3/22). This was true also when only @entity1 below 60 years of age were considered. The median survival time of @entity1 in group A and B was 7.3 months and 9.4 months, and in group C and D 4.0 months and 3.3 months. Identical growth patterns were found for marrow and blood cells in 21 of 27 @entity1 studied and the number of clusters in blood and marrow showed a significant correlation (r = +0.96, P less than 0.001). The mean @entity894 ( @entity894 ) of myeloblasts determined in 32 @entity1 was 14.8 +/- 7.8% (SD). @entity1 with @entity894 below 15% tended to have a higher remission rate than @entity1 with @entity894 above 15%. It is concluded that the in vitro growth pattern at diagnosis of bone marrow cells from @entity1 with ANLL is of value in detecting @entity1 with a poor response to current therapeutic protocols. Such information could possibly lead to alternative cytostatic regimes in these @entity1 .

title: The prognostic significance of in vitro bone marrow growth pattern in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity894 :: ('MESH:C566784', 'Disease') :: ['3H-labelling index', 'LI']

answer: @entity981 :: (MESH:D054198,Disease) :: ['acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to particulate matter is a risk factor for @entity66 but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In the present study we sought to investigate the cardiopulmonary responses on spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHRs) following inhalation of UfCPs (24 h, 172 mug.m-3), to assess whether compromised animals (SHR) exhibit a different response pattern compared to the previously studied healthy @entity35 (WKY). METHODS: Cardiophysiological response in SHRs was analyzed using radiotelemetry. Blood pressure (BP) and its biomarkers plasma @entity3449 -angiotensin system were also assessed. Lung and cardiac mRNA expressions for markers of oxidative stress ( @entity22456 ), @entity1003 (tissue factor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1), and endothelial function ( @entity1827 , and endothelin receptors A and B) were analyzed following UfCPs exposure in SHRs. UfCPs-mediated inflammatory responses were assessed from broncho-alveolar-lavage fluid (BALF). RESULTS: Increased BP and heart rate (HR) by about 5% with a lag of 1-3 days were detected in UfCPs exposed SHRs. Inflammatory markers of BALF, lung (pulmonary) and blood (systemic) were not affected. However, mRNA expression of @entity22456 , @entity1827 , endothelin receptors A and B, tissue factor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor showed a significant induction (~2.5-fold; p < 0.05) with @entity1827 being the maximally induced factor (6-fold; p < 0.05) on the third recovery day in the lungs of UfCPs exposed SHRs; while all of these factors - except @entity22456 - were not affected in cardiac tissues. Strikingly, the UfCPs-mediated altered BP is paralleled by the induction of @entity3449 -angiotensin system in plasma. CONCLUSION: Our finding shows that UfCPs exposure at levels which does not induce detectable @entity55 , triggers distinct effects in the lung and also at the systemic level in compromised SHRs. These effects are characterized by increased activity of plasma @entity3449 -angiotensin system and circulating white blood cells together with moderate @entity101 and decreases in heart rate variability. This systemic effect is associated with pulmonary, but not cardiac, mRNA induction of biomarkers reflective of oxidative stress; activation of vasoconstriction, stimulation of @entity1003 factors, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Thus, UfCPs may cause @entity65 , in the absence of detectable @entity55 , in individuals suffering from preexisting @entity65 .

title: Exposure to ultrafine carbon particles at levels below detectable @entity55 affects cardiovascular performance in spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increases in the BP, HR', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation', 'pulmonary inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular and pulmonary impairment', 'cardiovascular diseases']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: Since a report in 1996 of 10 cases of @entity3605 ( @entity3605 ) with onset in a younger than usual age, a pattern of the disease has emerged. This includes early @entity146 and sensory symptoms and neurological signs such as ataxia and @entity2358 later in the course of the disease. Three @entity1 with varied clinical presentations and disease course seen at a single neurology unit are described. The first @entity1 was characterised by cognitive and @entity146 symptoms together with neurological signs. The second @entity1 presented with unusual behavioural disturbance and episodes of collapse. The third @entity1 exhibited striking @entity1155 and had abnormal CSF and MRI findings. All @entity1 succumbed in a state of @entity2845 mutism and @entity2045 . All three @entity1 had the @entity1853 / @entity1853 genotype at codon 129 of the @entity3669 gene and in two of the three @entity1 a tonsil biopsy was performed with positive results. These two @entity1 also tested positive for the 14.3.3. protein in the CSF. Whereas late features of the disease seem very similar in all cases, the initial presentation was variable and underlines the uncertainty of the range of the clinical phenotype. Successful diagnosis demands a high index of clinical suspicion.

title: New variant XXXX : three case reports from Leicestershire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'neuropsychiatric features']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonus']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movements']

entities_list: @entity3605 :: ('MESH:D007562', 'Disease') :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease', 'CJD']

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['methionine']

entities_list: @entity1155 :: ('MESH:D011596', 'Disease') :: ['psychomotor retardation']

answer: @entity3605 :: (MESH:D007562,Disease) :: ['Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease']


abstract: The discriminative stimulus properties of @entity2254 , @entity2072 , and @entity3826 were assessed in @entity35 trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg @entity2254 from saline. After determination of these dose-response relationships, the @entity35 were divided into two groups. One group ( @entity2955 ) was given injections of @entity5829 ( @entity9956 , 30 mg/kg, IP) and @entity2955 ( @entity2955 , 100 micrograms/10 microliters each ventricle), while the other group (sham) was given the same dose of @entity9956 and @entity2955 vehicle (intraventricularly). Beginning approximately 45 days after intraventricular injections, dose-response relationships were redetermined for all three drugs. Larger doses of @entity2254 were required to elicit the same response in the @entity2955 group (i.e. the dose-response relationship was shifted to the right), while no change was observed in the sham group. Any changes in the dose-response relationships for @entity2072 and @entity3826 were comparable in the @entity2955 and sham group. The rate-decreasing effects were not altered in either group for any of the drugs. Upon sacrifice, @entity935 (DA) was found to be significantly depleted in the accumbens, caudate and rest of brain of the @entity2955 group. Levels of @entity1063 and @entity750 were unaltered. These data suggest that central DA-containing neurons play a role in the discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in @entity35 .

title: Effects of central @entity935 depletion on the @entity2254 discriminative stimulus in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2254 :: ('MESH:D003913', 'Chemical') :: ['d-amphetamine']

entities_list: @entity5829 :: ('MESH:D003891', 'Chemical') :: ['desmethylimipramine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity3826 :: ('MESH:D001058', 'Chemical') :: ['apomorphine']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2955 :: ('MESH:D016627', 'Chemical') :: ['6-hydroxydopamine', '6-OHDA']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: Because of a family history of @entity0 , a 51-year-old @entity1 underwent bilateral subcutaneous mammectomy in 1988. In February 1994 she presented with a nodule in the supramedial quadrant on the left. Needle biopsy suggested @entity420 which was confirmed histologically. A 1.5 cm @entity5 was removed together with a 3 cm reliquat of glandular tissue. Twelve axillary nodes were dissected and were found to be free of @entity5 . Hormone receptors were positive. Post-operative radiotherapy was performed. The outcome is unchanged at 6 months. Bilateral subcutaneous mammectomy can be proposed as a preventive measure in @entity1 at risk, but as demonstrated by this case, exeresis is usually incomplete. The level of protection actually achieved is thus questionable. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of @entity0 developing after such elective operations since early screening programmes and the development of genetic methods based on the search for @entity5345 and @entity2674 genes will undoubtedly increase the number of @entity1 requesting preventive measures.

title: [ XXXX after preventive subcutaneous mastectomy].

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic infiltration', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['galactophoric adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity191 is a @entity179 for which @entity1 present many symptoms, @entity400 being the main one. In advanced stages of the disease, Deep Brain Stimulation is a generalized therapy which can significantly improve the motor symptoms. However despite its beneficial effects on treating the symptomatology, the technique can be improved. One of its main limitations is that the parameters are fixed, and the stimulation is provided uninterruptedly, not taking into account any fluctuation in the @entity1 state. A closed-loop system which provides stimulation by demand would adjust the stimulation to the variations in the state of the @entity1 , stimulating only when it is necessary. It would not only perform a more intelligent stimulation, capable of adapting to the changes in real time, but also extending the devices battery life, thereby avoiding surgical interventions. In this work we design a tool that learns to recognize the principal symptom of @entity191 and particularly the @entity400 . The goal of the designed system is to detect the moments the @entity1 is suffering from a @entity400 episode and consequently to decide whether stimulation is needed or not. For that, local field potentials were recorded in the subthalamic nucleus of ten @entity191 @entity1 , who were diagnosed with @entity191 and who underwent surgery for the implantation of a neurostimulator. Electromyographic activity in the forearm was simultaneously recorded, and the relation between both signals was evaluated using two different synchronization measures. The results of evaluating the synchronization indexes on each moment represent the inputs to the designed system. Finally, a fuzzy inference system was applied with the goal of identifying @entity400 episodes. Results are favourable, reaching accuracies of higher 98.7 % in 70 % of the @entity1 .

title: A Fuzzy Inference System for Closed-Loop Deep Brain Stimulation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['complex neurodegenerative disorder']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['Parkinsons disease', 'Parkinsonian', 'tremor-dominant Parkinsons disease']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's Disease']


abstract: High-grade @entity242 have a high rate of local recurrence as well as distant metastases. This has led to the development of intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) as part of a multimodal approach to control @entity66 and/or reduce the extent of surgical resection. Intra-arterial catheters are positioned by an interventional radiologist into the feeding vessels of the @entity5 . @entity632 and @entity10049 are infused intra-arterially. @entity900 , with or without @entity1261 , is given systemically. @entity1 usually experience acute self-limited soft-tissue inflammation in the treated area. In our experience of 118 @entity1 , 3 @entity1 experienced soft-tissue @entity39 that required excision and reconstruction. The first was treated for @entity1352 of a metatarsal. After IAC with @entity632 , she sloughed the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and some of the posterior compartment musculature of her @entity291 . This tissue was debrided. @entity1129 and skin graft were used for coverage. She is free of disease and ambulatory. The second @entity1 was treated with IAC @entity632 for a radial head @entity511 . She developed soft-tissue slough, which became infected with Pseudomonas. She required extensive debridement of the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle, and was subsequently reconstructed with a latissimus flap and a split-thickness skin graft (STSG). She later developed a local recurrence requiring amputation. The latissimus was elevated and used to cover the distal stump. She also is free of disease. The third @entity1 was treated with IAC @entity632 for @entity2828 of the right femur. This was complicated by fat @entity39 and persistent @entity158 . Subsequent radiotherapy only worsened her symptoms. She underwent wide excision and muscle flap/STSG repair, which relieved her @entity158 . She is currently ambulatory and free of disease. In conclusion, as the use of IAC continues, its complications may become more common. Our experience with this previously unknown entity is illustrated and therapeutic options are discussed.

title: Soft-tissue complications of intra-arterial chemotherapy for extremity XXXX .

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2828 :: ('MESH:D012512', 'Disease') :: ["Ewing's sarcoma"]

entities_list: @entity511 :: ('MESH:D002813', 'Disease') :: ['chondrosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['local disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['Cisplatinum']

entities_list: @entity10049 :: ('MESH:D005467', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity1352 :: ('MESH:D013584', 'Disease') :: ['synovial sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['A gastrocnemius flap']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of high-dose intravenous @entity134 pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' @entity6875 . METHODS: We selected 41 Japanese @entity1 (age range, 21-76 years; mean = 49 years) who had active Graves' @entity6875 among 205 consecutive @entity1 examined at Sapporo Medical University Hospital between 1997 and 1999. In a prospective study, we investigated the effect on the 41 @entity1 of high-dose intravenous @entity1667 pulse therapy (1 g/day x 3 days x 3 times) followed by 3-month oral @entity229 therapy. Coronal computed tomography (CT) of the orbit, exophthalmometry and monocular fixation field measured by Goldmann perimetry were carried out before the @entity134 pulse therapy, and 1 and 6 months after the @entity134 pulse therapy. The maximum coronal section area of the rectus muscle in each eye was measured using an orbital CT image. RESULTS: Extraocular muscle @entity1184 was significantly reduced 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy (paired t-test, P <.01), and was not significantly different between 1 and 6 months after the pulse therapy. Proptosis was not significantly reduced by the pulse therapy. Monocular fixation fields were measured in 34 @entity1 with @entity892 , and limitation of eye movements was improved in 15 @entity1 (44%) by the pulse therapy. In the other @entity1 , improvement of the limitation was not detectable by the test of the monocular fixation field. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment in this study is effective for extraocular muscle @entity1184 , and relapse was minimum within 6 months. However, this treatment has limited effect on limitation of eye movements and less effect on proptosis.

title: Effect of high-dose intravenous XXXX pulse therapy followed by 3-month oral @entity134 therapy for Graves' @entity6875 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity892 :: ('MESH:D004172', 'Disease') :: ['diplopia']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmopathy']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of symptomatic and @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) in Jordan, with some emphasis on age distribution and its potential effect in defining groups of @entity1 that may benefit from early detection programs. We compared our results with the published western figures. METHODS: Records of 119 @entity1 with @entity703 diagnosed during the period January 1992 to December 2001 at Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan were reviewed. Age, gender, discovery circumstances of the @entity5 , radiologic and biologic workup, treatment, @entity5 node metastasis classification, and histologic features of the @entity5 were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 age was 54, and the male to female ratio was 3.4:1. The annual frequency rate for @entity1358 per 100,000 population was 1.2 for both sexes, while for @entity1 was 1.8 and for @entity1 was 0.5. Twenty-six percent of @entity5 were discovered accidentally. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was not influenced by the discovery circumstances. The incidental detection group had significantly small size of @entity5 (5.6 cm circumference (c.f) 8.1 cm), lower stage and lower histological grading. In the symptomatic group; @entity1 have significantly lower mean size of @entity5 than @entity1 (5.5 cm c.f. 7.7 cm; p = 0.005; t-test), while there is no significant difference among the incidental group. A radical nephrectomy was performed in 92% of the cases, and in 8% of the cases, conservative management was adopted. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that the incidence rates of @entity1358 in Jordan and other Middle East countries were less than most of the western countries. @entity703 in Jordan tend to affect @entity1 at a remarkably young age. This is mostly a reflection of the high proportion of young @entity1 in this country. This high portion of young @entity1 may explain the low incidence as @entity703 is known to increase with age. Significant numbers of @entity1358 were detected incidentally with lower pathological stage and grade. Subsequently these clinically and histologically less @entity146 lead to better survival and decreased recurrence. These data efforts should be directed to the development of a screening protocol to detect these lesions early, so that they may be prevented from progressing to the point when symptoms are apparent and prognosis becomes worse.

title: Detection, staging and clinical implications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['incidental renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['kidney cancer', 'Malignant renal tumors', 'renal tumors']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Local recurrence (LR) after radical cystectomy (RC) for @entity150 has a bad prognosis. Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgical excision, but few data is available on the advantages of surgery for these @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We evaluated our series of 8 selected @entity1 who underwent surgery for locally recurrent @entity150 after RC. RESULTS: The median time to recurrence after cystectomy was 20.8 months. The complications rate and severity were not negligible. Pathology report confirmed @entity189 with negative margins in all @entity1 . After LR treatment, 4 @entity1 recurred locally for a second time and 3 developed distant @entity3 . They all died after a median follow-up of 10.4 months. One @entity1 remained disease free after 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis of @entity1 with LR is poor regardless of surgical treatment and reflects the aggressive biological nature of @entity5 .

title: The Role of Surgery in Local Recurrences after Radical Cystectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial tumors']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: @entity64 is a leading cause of @entity204 and disability worldwide. @entity385 is the dominant subtype of @entity64 and results from focal @entity2806 due to occlusion of major cerebral arteries. Thus, the restoration or improvement of reduced regional cerebral blood supply in a timely manner is very critical for improving @entity64 outcomes and poststroke functional recovery. The recovery from @entity385 largely relies on appropriate restoration of blood flow via angiogenesis. Newly formed vessels would allow increased cerebral blood flow, thus increasing the amount of @entity26 and nutrients delivered to affected brain tissue. Angiogenesis is strictly controlled by many key angiogenic factors in the central nervous system, and these molecules have been well-documented to play an important role in the development of angiogenesis in response to various pathological conditions. Promoting angiogenesis via various approaches that target angiogenic factors appears to be a useful treatment for experimental @entity385 . Most recently, microRNAs (miRs) have been identified as negative regulators of gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. Accumulating studies have demonstrated that miRs are essential determinants of vascular endothelial cell biology/angiogenesis as well as contributors to @entity64 pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize the knowledge of @entity64 -associated angiogenic modulators, as well as the role and molecular mechanisms of @entity64 -associated miRs with a focus on angiogenesis-regulating miRs. Moreover, we further discuss their potential impact on miR-based therapeutics in @entity64 through targeting and enhancing post-ischemic angiogenesis.

title: Angiogenesis-regulating microRNAs and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral ischemia']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: @entity1 become @entity308 more frequently than @entity1 , a consistent pattern across cultures. @entity32 plays a key role in initiating @entity308 among a subset of individuals, and @entity308 also has inflammatory consequences. Notably, @entity1 experience higher levels of @entity32 and greater autoimmune disease risk compared to @entity1 . In the current review, we explore the bidirectional relationship between @entity32 and @entity308 and describe how this link may be particularly relevant for @entity1 . Compared to @entity1 , @entity1 may be more vulnerable to @entity32 -induced mood and behavior changes. For example, transient elevations in @entity32 prompt greater feelings of loneliness and social disconnection for @entity1 than for @entity1 , which can contribute to the onset of @entity308 . @entity1 also appear to be disproportionately affected by several factors that @entity32 , including prior @entity308 , somatic symptomatology, interpersonal stressors, childhood adversity, @entity28 , and physical inactivity. @entity147 and @entity28 , both of which elevate @entity308 risk, are also more strongly tied to @entity32 for @entity1 than for @entity1 . Taken together, these findings suggest that @entity1 's susceptibility to @entity32 and its mood effects may contribute to sex differences in @entity308 . @entity308 continues to be a leading cause of disability worldwide, with @entity1 experiencing greater risk than @entity1 . Due to the @entity308 connection, these patterns may promote additional health risks for @entity1 . Considering the impact of @entity32 on @entity1 's mental health may foster a better understanding of sex differences in @entity308 , as well as the selection of effective @entity308 treatments.

title: Sex Differences in @entity308 : Does XXXX Play a Role?

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammation', 'elevate inflammation', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressed', 'depression', 'depression-inflammation']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity147 :: ('MESH:D005316', 'Disease') :: ['Relationship distress']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['Inflammation']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Serological proinflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) have been associated with reduced survival for many different types of @entity5 . This study determined the prognostic value of the preoperative value of these markers in @entity1 with resectable @entity788 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity1124 were entered into our database from 2001 to the present day. CRP, NLR, and PLR at the time of presentation were recorded as well as overall and disease-free survival. RESULTS: Seventy-four @entity1 were identified. Overall median survival was 35.0 months and median disease-free survival was 27.0 months. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 125.8 months. Preoperative NLR was significantly greater in those @entity1 who developed recurrence in the follow-up period (4.5 vs. 3.1). CRP and PLR were not found to differ significantly between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of @entity1 with NLR > 5 demonstrated a disease-free survival of 12 months compared with 52 months for those @entity1 with NLR < 5 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Preoperative NLR offers important prognostic information regarding disease-free survival following curative resection of @entity1124 .

title: Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with reduced disease-free survival following curative resection of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mortality figures become available after some years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using the World Health Organization mortality and population data, we estimated numbers of @entity204 in 2011 from all @entity5 and selected sites for the European Union (EU) and six major countries, by fitting a joinpoint model to 5-year age-specific numbers of @entity204 . Age-standardized rates were computed using EUROSTAT population estimates. RESULTS: The predicted number of @entity5 @entity204 in the EU in 2011 was 1,281,436, with standardized rates of 143/100,000 @entity1 and 85/100,000 @entity1 . Poland had the highest rates, with smaller falls over recent periods. Declines in mortality for major sites including stomach, colorectum, breast, uterus, prostate and @entity1778 , plus @entity2 , will continue until 2011, and a trend reversal or a leveling off is predicted where upward trends were previously observed. @entity2 rates are increasing in all major EU countries except the UK, where it is the first cause of @entity5 death, as now in Poland. The increasing @entity788 trends in @entity1 observed up to 2004 have likely leveled off. CONCLUSIONS: Despite falls in rates, absolute numbers of @entity5 @entity204 are stable in Europe. The gap between Western and former nonmarket economy countries will likely persist.

title: XXXX mortality predictions for the year 2011.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['male lung cancer', 'Female lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemias']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['European cancer']


abstract: Multiparameter immunophenotypic analysis of neoplastic cells has proven to be of great help for the investigation of minimal @entity66 in @entity3052 ; however, its utility has not been systematically explored in B cell @entity1071 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the incidence of phenotypic aberrations in a series of 467 consecutive @entity1072 through the comparison of the phenotypic characteristics of @entity5 vs normal peripheral blood (n = 10) and bone marrow (n = 10) B cells, in order to explore the applicability of this strategy for minimal @entity66 monitoring. An additional goal of our study was to evaluate the sensitivity of multiparameter flow cytometry for the detection of minimal @entity66 in @entity1072 through dilutional experiments (n = 19). From the @entity1 analyzed 382 corresponded to @entity1072 /small @entity1072 (353 typical and 29 atypical); five to @entity6491 ; 13 to @entity5734 ; 12 to @entity706 ; 14 to @entity1074 ; 22 were @entity706 ; and 19 @entity1073 . The following triple stainings were systematically applied to both normal and leukemic samples: FMC7/ @entity5893 / @entity1075 , @entity10317 / @entity7527 / @entity1075 , @entity19002 / @entity2902 / @entity1075 , @entity2282 / @entity2935 / @entity1075 and sIg/sIg(lambda)/ @entity1075 . Overall, 98% of the @entity1072 cases displayed aberrant phenotypes at diagnosis with no significant differences being found between cases analyzed in peripheral blood vs bone marrow samples. The most common types of aberrant criteria detected included asynchronous antigen expression (92%) and antigen over-expression (54%); abnormally light scatter characteristics were found in 17% of the cases. Most of the cases studied (90%) displayed four or more phenotypic aberrations. Once @entity1 were divided according to the different diagnostic subgroups, the overall incidence of aberrant phenotypes ranged from 79 to 80% among atypical @entity1072 /small @entity1072 and @entity6491 to 97% of @entity706 and 100% of typical @entity1072 /small @entity1072 , @entity5734 , @entity706 , @entity1074 and @entity1073 . Based on the aberrant phenotypes detected unique four-color stainings could be built for the specific identification of aberrant phenotypes. These include @entity10317 / @entity7527 / @entity1075 / @entity5893 and sIg(kappa)/sIg(lambda)/ @entity1075 / @entity5893 for @entity2214 /small @entity1072 and @entity6491 , @entity19002 / @entity2902 or @entity10317 / @entity1075 / @entity2935 for @entity5734 , FMC7/ @entity10317 / @entity1075 / @entity19002 and sIg(kappa)/sIg(lambda)/ @entity10317 / @entity1075 for @entity1074 , @entity10317 / @entity7527 / @entity1075 / @entity2282 for @entity706 and @entity2282 / @entity10317 / @entity1075 / @entity5893 for @entity1073 . Serial dilutional experiments showed that the sensitivity level of immunophenotyping ranges between 10(-4) and 10(-5). In summary, the present study shows that immunophenotypic analysis allows the identification of aberrant phenotypes in 98% of @entity1072 and these phenotypes can be used for minimal @entity66 monitoring with a sensitivity limit of 10(-4)-10(-5).

title: Incidence of phenotypic aberrations in a series of 467 @entity1 with B @entity1071 : basis for the design of specific four-color stainings to be used for minimal XXXX investigation.

entities_list: @entity2214 :: ('MESH:D007945', 'Disease') :: ['lymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['chronic lymphoproliferative disorders']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas', 'follicular lymphoma', 'follicular lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5734 :: ('MESH:D007943', 'Disease') :: ['hairy cell leukemias', 'hairy cell leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1074 :: ('MESH:D018442', 'Disease') :: ['splenic marginal zone lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity1072 :: ('MESH:D015451', 'Disease') :: ['leukemic B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders', 'B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia', 'lymphocytic lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity6491 :: ('MESH:D015463', 'Disease') :: ['prolymphocytic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute leukemias']

entities_list: @entity1073 :: ('MESH:D020522', 'Disease') :: ['mantle cell lymphomas']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['residual disease']


abstract: Multimodality management of soft-tissue @entity242 of the extremity is often based on the presence or absence of residual primary disease. Reoperation is warranted or radiotherapy doses altered if the physician is aware that the @entity5 was incompletely excised. Most @entity1 with soft-tissue masses undergo an initial excision before definitive therapy. These initial unplanned total excisions are usually excisional biopsies for presumably benign disease. Ninety @entity1 were reviewed to evaluate the adequacy of unplanned total excision. All @entity1 underwent unplanned supposed total excisions. Most @entity1 were then treated with preoperative intraarterial @entity632 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio) and radiation therapy, followed by wide reexcision of the prior operative field. Forty-six @entity1 (51.1%) had no gross @entity41 in the reoperative specimen. In two @entity1 , there was microscopic but not macroscopic disease. Forty-four @entity1 (48.9%) had identifiable macroscopic @entity66 in the reoperative specimen. When comparing these 44 @entity1 with visible (macroscopic) @entity41 to the remaining 46, no differences were seen in age, sex, stage, histologic type, time from excision to reoperation, or size of @entity75 . This previously unrecognized high incidence of gross @entity66 must be considered when planning definitive therapy. Unplanned total excisions are inadequate to remove @entity66 and, despite multimodality therapy, may result in local failure. Reoperation should be a planned part of definitive management for @entity1 with soft-tissue @entity242 of the extremity whenever the initial surgical procedure was done without a histologic diagnosis or was not planned to be a wide excision. If reoperation cannot be performed, radiotherapy doses to treat gross @entity66 should be used.

title: The rationale for planned reoperation after unplanned total excision of soft-tissue XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease', 'local disease']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas', 'sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity41 :: ('MESH:D018365', 'Disease') :: ['residual tumor']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['initial lesion']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['sarcomas']


abstract: @entity375 RNA polymerase C purified by a simple large scale method was resolved into multiple components by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis. Specific antibodies directed against each polypeptide chain were prepared in @entity95 and used as @entity2383 . With minor exceptions, each antibody recognized specifically the corresponding polypeptide by blot-immunodetection. Cross-reactions with purified RNA polymerases A and B confirmed our previous description of the subunits shared by the three nuclear RNA polymerases. Immunoadsorption of RNA polymerase C at different stages of purification using antibodies to subunits C160 and C128 yielded the same collection of polypeptides as found in the purified enzyme: C160, C128, C82, C53, C40, C37, C34, C31, C27, C25, C23, C19, C14.5, C12.5, and C10. Subunit-specific antibodies were used to probe the activity of RNA polymerase C in a specific, reconstituted transcription system as well as on a nonspecific template. Transcription of the tRNAGlu3 gene in vitro was inhibited when RNA polymerase C was preincubated with antibodies directed to C128, C82, C53, C34, C23, or C19. Antibodies to C82, C53, and C34 were much less inhibitory in the nonspecific assay. Inhibition by anti-C128 or anti-C23 was relieved by preincubation of enzyme C with plasmid DNA prior to antibody addition. These results are discussed in terms of the participation of these polypeptides to the active enzyme molecule, and of their possible role in DNA binding or transcription factor recognition.

title: XXXX RNA polymerase C and its subunits. Specific antibodies as @entity2383 .

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural and functional probes']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Yeast']


abstract: Evidence for the existence of @entity1 @entity99 agents besides HAV and @entity97 is compelling. Transmitted predominantly by transfusion and percutaneous inoculation, the type of NANB @entity99 encountered most frequently is epidemiologically similar to type B @entity99 . NANB @entity99 accounts for more than 90% of TAH, but can be transmitted by nonpercutaneous routes as well. Approximately 15 to 30% of @entity99 cases are attributable by serologic exclusion to NANB @entity99 agents, and, in addition, there is an epidemic form of NANB @entity99 that resembles @entity99 epidemiologically in its transmission by the enteric route. Clinical features of the predominantly percutaneously transmitted forms of NANB @entity99 are similar to those of @entity1956 , but tend to be less severe during acute illness, on the one hand, but to lead more frequently to @entity3619 , on the other; 40 to 60% of @entity1 with TAH have chronic elevations of aminotransferase activity, often in an episodic, fluctuating pattern. CAH can be identified histologically in a majority of @entity1 with chronic NANB TAH. Despite a relatively quiescent course, progression of such chronic cases may be quite insidious; @entity82 occurs in 10 to 20% of @entity1 with @entity3619 after acute TAH. The frequency of @entity409 after nonpercutaneously acquired sporadic NANB @entity99 tends to be lower, on the order of 10% or less, and @entity3619 has not been recorded after the epidemic type of NANB @entity99 . Evidence supports the existence of an asymptomatic @entity3619 carrier state that is several-fold more frequent than the chronic @entity97 carrier state. Neither viruses nor virus markers have been described that fulfill accepted criteria reproducibly for a specific causal association with NANB @entity99 ; on the other hand, evidence suggests (but does not prove) the existence of two different blood-borne NANB @entity99 agents and, in addition, an enterically transmitted NANB @entity99 agent. Effective therapy for and immunoprophylaxis against NANB @entity99 are lacking. Until specific screening tests are developed, interim screening based on indirect, nonvirus-specific tests may be the only practical approach to minimizing the frequency of NANB @entity99 after transfusion. Identification of virus-specific serologic markers remains a high priority.

title: Non-A, XXXX : evolving epidemiologic and clinical perspective.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['chronic liver disease']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic NANB hepatitis', 'chronic hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis A', 'hepatitis', 'sporadic hepatitis']

answer: @entity1956 :: (MESH:D006509,Disease) :: ['non-B hepatitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim was to describe and analyze the management of hemothorax (HTX) and the occurrence of @entity1576 after endovascular repair of thoracic @entity1755 (TEVAR). METHODS: This was a multicenter study with retrospective analysis. Between November 2000 and December 2012, all @entity1 with confirmed HTX due to rupture of the descending thoracic aorta treated with TEVAR were included. Respiratory function (acid base status, Pao2, Paco2, @entity880 , and respiratory index) was monitored throughout hospitalization. Primary endpoints were survival and post-operative @entity1576 . RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity1 were treated. The mean age was 62      21 years (range 18-92 years). Etiology included @entity397 (n  =  23, 41%), @entity731 (n  =  20, 36%), Debakey type IIIa dissection (n  =  8, 14%), and penetrating aortic @entity1066 (n  =  5, 9%). The primary technical success of TEVAR was 100%. The in hospital mortality rate was 12.5% (n  =  7). Hemothorax was drained in 21 (37.5%) cases. In hospital @entity1576 occurred in 23 (41%) @entity1 who required a longer intensive care unit stay (days 2.3      0.7 vs. 1.9      0.8, p  =  .017), and hospitalization (26      17 vs. 19      17, p  =  .021). Those who developed post-operative @entity1576 had lower pre-operative @entity4095 values (mmHg, 80      24 vs. 91      21, p  =  .012). @entity1576 and in hospital mortality did not differ among aortic pathologies (p  =  .269 and p  =  1.0, respectively), nor did in hospital mortality differ between @entity1 with and without @entity1576 (13% vs. 12%; p  =  .990). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1755 still has a high mortality rate. @entity1576 have not been eliminated by endovascular repair. HTX evacuation may have had a positive influence on the survival in these @entity1 . Although traumatic and degenerative @entity397 are two significantly different scenarios, survival and respiratory outcomes were similar and were not affected by the underlying @entity2333 .

title: Hemothorax Management After Endovascular Treatment For XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1755 :: ('MESH:D001019', 'Disease') :: ['aortic rupture', 'Thoracic aortic rupture']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'traumatic rupture']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['Respiratory complications', 'respiratory complications']

entities_list: @entity2333 :: ('MESH:D001018', 'Disease') :: ['aortic disease']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic aneurysm']

answer: @entity1755 :: (MESH:D001019,Disease) :: ['Thoracic Aortic Rupture']


abstract: Objective of this study to investigate the impact of NCC upon the quality of life (QoL) compared to other chronic @entity16 , @entity302 and @entity10 . The study group consisted of 114 @entity1 subdivided into four groups: NCC with @entity302 (n  =  48), NCC without @entity302 (n  =  17), @entity302 without NCC (n  =  25) and chronic @entity10 (n  =  24). The QoL was evaluated by direct subjective quantification (scale of 0-10) and FACT-HN IV. NCC had impact on QoL, 53.8% @entity1 dependent and needing help. The impact on QoL did not correlate with the classification of NCC, presence of cysts or @entity730 and with CSF TP or number of WBCs. The presence of @entity308 had a significant impact on the QoL of @entity1 with NCC. Lack of @entity410 control tended to produce an adverse effect on the QoL in the group of NCC and @entity302 . NCC is not a benign disease; it has greater adverse effects on QoL of @entity1 than @entity302 and @entity10 , although without statistical significance. The presence of @entity308 and uncontrolled @entity410 may have impact on QoL. Since asymptomatic @entity1 were not evaluated, the results of this study are not applicable to all individuals with NCC.

title: Quality of life assessment in XXXX with neurocysticercosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological diseases']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcifications']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11102 ( @entity11102 ) is a systemic @entity166 . The most well-known posterior segment presentation is @entity2479 with a macular star. In this study, we present a case series emphasising the heterogeneity of the disease and the various posterior segment manifestations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case series of consecutive @entity1 presenting with posterior segment @entity11102 , over a 5-year period (2010 to 2015), at two ophthalmological centres in Midi-Pyr  n  es. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 (17 eyes) were included, of whom 11 (92%) presented with rapidly decreasing visual acuity, with 6 of these (50%) extremely abrupt. @entity11102 was bilateral in 5 (42% of all @entity1 ). Posterior manifestations were: 12 instances of @entity4 (100%), 8 of focal @entity6519 (67%) and only 6 of the classic @entity1103 with macular star (25% at first examination, but 50% later). Other @entity532 developed in three @entity1 ; one developed acute @entity6810 , one a @entity548 and one a branch retinal @entity432 , all secondary to occlusive @entity1333 adjacent to focal @entity6519 . CONCLUSION: Classical @entity2479 with macular star is not the only clinical presentation of @entity11102 . Practitioners should screen for @entity2711 in all @entity1 with @entity1829 or focal @entity6519 .

title: Posterior segment involvement in XXXX : A case series.

entities_list: @entity6810 :: ('MESH:D018917', 'Disease') :: ['anterior ischemic optic neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity2479 :: ('MESH:D012173', 'Disease') :: ['neuroretinitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['retrohyaloid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve edema']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['focal vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['ophthalmological complications']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2711 :: ('38323', 'Species') :: ['Bartonella henselae']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['papillitis']

entities_list: @entity11102 :: ('MESH:D002372', 'Disease') :: ['CSD', 'Cat-scratch disease']

entities_list: @entity6519 :: ('MESH:D002825', 'Disease') :: ['chorioretinitis']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious disease']

answer: @entity11102 :: (MESH:D002372,Disease) :: ['cat-scratch disease']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin (Ang)-(1-7) generated from @entity1808 is reported to act as an endogenous @entity1811 ( @entity1811 ) inhibitor and angiotensin type 1 ( @entity1809 )-receptor antagonist in vitro and in vivo. Ang-(1-7) has been suggested to play an important role in @entity101 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Therefore, we tested whether Ang-(1-7) differentially modulates vascular resistance and neurotransmission in isolated kidneys of spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 stroke prone (SHR-SP) and @entity35 -Kyoto @entity35 (WKY). Ang-(1-7) was administered in three concentrations (0.1, 1 and 10 micromol/l) to prevent Ang I- and Ang II-induced pressor responses and facilitation of @entity1063 release. There were indeed concentration-dependent strain differences. Ang-(1-7) prevented Ang I- and Ang II-mediated changes in vascular resistance more potently in SHR-SP than in WKY by inhibiting @entity1811 and by blocking @entity1809 -receptors. Ang-(1-7) by itself had no influence on renal vascular tone in both strains. Ang-(1-7) inhibited Ang I-mediated facilitation of @entity1063 release more potently than Ang II-mediated facilitation of @entity1063 release. Ang-(1-7) by itself enhanced @entity1063 release from SHR-SP, but not from WKY kidneys. CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) had a greater impact on Ang I and Ang II modulation of renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP than in normotensive @entity35 . Furthermore, Ang-(1-7) by itself has facilitatory presynaptic effects on @entity1063 release but no postsynaptic effects on renal vascular resistance in SHR-SP. Since plasma levels of Ang-(1-7) accumulate during @entity1811 -inhibitor or @entity1809 -receptor antagonist therapy, Ang-(1-7) could contribute to antihypertensive effects of these agents.

title: Angiotensin-(1-7) modulates vascular resistance and sympathetic neurotransmission in kidneys of spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity1811 :: ('24310(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['ACE', 'angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: The immunoperoxidase technique, using antibodies against @entity1 urinary urokinase (Mr 55,000), was used for the localization of this enzyme in histological preparations of @entity1 @entity694 and normal colon tissue. The localization of tissue (vascular) activator was also investigated using antibodies against enzyme purified from @entity1 @entity320 . Both the "indirect method" and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique were found to be useful. Urokinase-reactive material was found in all tissues examined (33 primary @entity5 , 11 @entity3 , and 8 @entity652 ). In the normal colon, urokinase was found only in some of the goblet cells of the mucosal epithelium. In @entity694 , diffuse specific staining was observed in the cytoplasm, but the most intense staining was localized at the edge of the @entity5 cells bordering the lumen of the glands. In some cases, intense supranuclear staining could be observed in a location corresponding to the Golgi apparatus. In a few instances, urokinase could be seen associated with fibroblasts near the advancing front of an invading @entity5 . @entity652 , a @entity5 but often a precursor of @entity5 , also showed the presence of urokinase. Most significant were the observations showing that, in regions of the mucosal glands where normal epithelial cells were abruptly replaced by @entity5 cells, the appearance of cytoplasmic urokinase showed strict and exclusive association with the malignant cells, and the same was the case in transitions from normal epithelium to @entity652 . In contrast to urokinase, @entity1456 was not associated with @entity5 cells, but was consistently present in the stroma which separates the @entity5 glands and was localized in the endothelium of the blood vessels. This visual evidence was supported by results of extraction of plasminogen activators from @entity5 , and from the separated mucosal and submucosal layers of the normal colon of the same @entity1 , which showed that urokinase is most abundant in the @entity5 tissue and least abundant in the submucosa, while tissue activator is most prevalent in the well-vascularized mucosa and submucosa and scarce in the usually poorly vascularized @entity420 .

title: Localization of plasminogen activators in XXXX @entity694 by immunoperoxidase staining.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'benign tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1456 :: ('100128998', 'Gene') :: ['tissue plasminogen activator']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['Adenoma', 'adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon tumors', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Fifty-seven @entity1 with @entity2971 (GCTs) treated at our center between 1962 and 1979 were evaluated to determine 1) the prognostic value of disease stage, @entity5 histology, primary site, and @entity1 age; 2) results of therapy; and 3) patterns of @entity3 . The 35 @entity1 and 22 @entity1 were from 1 week to 18 years old (median 5 yr). Primary sites were ovarian (20), testicular (10), sacrococcygeal (12), retroperitoneal (7), mediastinal (5), and other (3). Cox regression analysis indicated that stage was the most important prognostic variable. @entity5 were usually advanced at diagnosis, but @entity5 site did not have prognostic value independent of disease stage. Neither @entity1 age nor @entity5 histology significantly influenced outcome. Drugs active against malignant GCTs included @entity1891 , @entity786 , and @entity4316 in combination and @entity5713 , @entity1732 , and @entity900 . Radiation alone cured nondisseminated @entity3438 . The most common sites of @entity3 were lungs, liver, central nervous system, and bone; other sites were infrequently involved. We conclude that stage was the most important prognostic variable, extragonadal @entity5 were usually advanced at diagnosis, and similarities in the histogenesis, metastatic pattern, and response to therapy, regardless of primary site, justify the consideration of childhood malignant GCTs as one group.

title: @entity2971 in 57 XXXX and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity2971 :: ('MESH:D009373', 'Disease') :: ['malignant germ cell tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Extragonadal tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cis-platinum']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['dactinomycin']

entities_list: @entity3438 :: ('MESH:D018237', 'Disease') :: ['germinomas']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity5713 :: ('MESH:D014747', 'Chemical') :: ['vinblastine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity49386 addition to soil at a remediation site was observed to sufficiently reduce @entity4966 levels, but the cause of the removal could not be confirmed with the field data collected. Potential mechanisms for @entity25053 treatment of @entity4965 ( @entity4966 ) in soil include degradation and volatilization. Since earlier studies found @entity4966 degradation to occur during the hydration of @entity25053 under conditions where volatilization was limited, research was conducted on mechanisms of @entity4966 removal from soil by @entity25053 application under conditions where volatilization was allowed to occur. @entity4966 volatilization in soil treated with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 20% @entity25053 doses was measured in experiments where the degree of volatilization could be tracked. The total @entity4966 removal from soil spiked with @entity4966 at @entity25053 doses from 5% to 20% ranged from 97% to 99% of the initial @entity4966 mass. Volatilization accounted for 64.4-92.5% of the @entity4966 removal, with unrecovered @entity4966 and @entity4966 degradation accounting for the remaining fraction. The greater heat encountered with higher @entity25053 doses helped minimize obstacles to @entity4966 volatilization, such as high soil organic and clay content. Treatment with a 20% @entity25053 dose, however, led to the formation of byproducts such as @entity72651 . @entity4966 degradation to @entity72651 at the 20% @entity25053 dose ranged from 2.7% to 6.4% of the initial @entity4966 . Volatilization was concluded to be the dominant process for @entity4966 removal from soil during @entity25053 treatment.

title: Removal of XXXX from soil using the hydration of @entity49386 .

entities_list: @entity49386 :: ('MESH:C016538', 'Chemical') :: ['Quicklime']

entities_list: @entity72651 :: ('MESH:C002978', 'Chemical') :: ['dichloroacetylene']

entities_list: @entity4965 :: ('MESH:D014241', 'Chemical') :: ['trichloroethylene']

answer: @entity4965 :: (MESH:D014241,Chemical) :: ['trichloroethylene']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During male gametophyte development in @entity958 , the microspores undergo an asymmetric division to produce a vegetative cell and a generative cell, which undergoes a second division to give rise to two sperm cells. SIDECAR @entity347 ( @entity347 ) 27 plays a key role in the asymmetric division of microspores. Here we provide molecular genetic evidence that a combinatorial role of @entity71881 with @entity71882 is crucial for male gametophyte development in @entity958 . Expression analysis, genetic transmission and pollen viability assays, and pollen development analysis demonstrated that @entity71881 plays a role in the male gametophyte function primarily at germ cell mitosis. In the mature pollen of @entity71881 and @entity71881 expressing a dominant negative version of @entity71881 , @entity71881 :SRDX, aberrant microspores such as bicellular and smaller tricelluar pollen appeared at a ratio of 10 to 15% with a correspondingly decreased ratio of normal tricellular pollen, whereas in @entity71882 mutants, 70% of the pollen was aborted. All pollen in the @entity71881 @entity71882 double mutants was aborted and severely shriveled compared with that of the single mutants, indicating that @entity71881 and @entity71882 are essential for pollen development. Gene expression and subcellular localization analyses of @entity71881 :GFP and @entity71882 :RFP during pollen development indicated that posttranscriptional and/or posttranslational controls are involved in differential accumulation and subcellular localization of @entity71881 and @entity71882 during pollen development, which may contribute in part to combinatorial and distinct roles of @entity71881 with @entity71882 in microspore development. In addition, we showed that @entity71881 and @entity71882 interact to form a heterodimer for nuclear localization. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN( @entity347 )10 interacts with SIDECAR POLLEN/ XXXX to control pollen development in @entity958 .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana', 'Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['LBD', 'POLLEN/LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN']

answer: @entity71882 :: (823943(Tax:3702),Gene) :: ['LBD27']


abstract: Protein aggregation is the hallmark of several @entity179 . These @entity6960 (fibrillization) disorders are also known as @entity74 . The mechanism of @entity6960 involves conformation switch of the native protein, oligomer formation leading to protofibrils and finally mature fibrils. Mature fibrils have long been considered as the cause of disease pathogenesis; however, recent evidences suggest oligomeric intermediates formed during fibrillization to be toxic. In this review, we have tried to address the ongoing debate for these toxic amyloid species. We did an extensive literature search and collated information from Pubmed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. @entity26548 ) and Google search using various permutations and combinations of the following keywords: @entity179 , @entity6960 , fibrils, oligomers, @entity137 , @entity195 , @entity191 . We describe different instances showing the @entity137 of mature fibrils as well as oligomers in @entity195 and @entity191 . Distinct structural framework and morphology of amyloid oligomers suggests difference in toxic effect between oligomers and fibrils. We highlight the difference in structure and proposed @entity137 pathways for fibrils and oligomers. We also highlight the evidences indicating that intermediary oligomeric species can act as potential diagnostic biomarker. Since the formation of these toxic species follow a common structural switch among @entity74 , the @entity6960 events can be targeted for developing broad-range therapeutics. The therapeutic trials based on the understanding of different protein conformers (monomers, oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils) in amyloid cascade are also described.

title: Toxic species in XXXX : Oligomers or mature fibrils.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's Disease"]

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['Neurodegeneration, amyloid disorders', 'neurodegenerative disorders']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['various amyloid disorders', 'amyloid disorders']

entities_list: @entity6960 :: ('MESH:D001796', 'Disease') :: ['protein aggregation']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's Disease"]

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['amyloid disorders']


abstract: Percussive technology is part of the behavioural suite of several fossil and living primates. Stone Age ancestors used lithic artefacts in pounding activities, which could have been most important in the earliest stages of stone working. This has relevant evolutionary implications, as other primates such as @entity831 and some monkeys use stone hammer-and-anvil combinations to crack hard-shelled foodstuffs. Parallels between primate percussive technologies and early archaeological sites need to be further explored in order to assess the emergence of technological behaviour in our evolutionary line, and firmly establish bridges between Primatology and Archaeology. What are the anatomical, cognitive and ecological constraints of percussive technology? How common are percussive activities in the Stone Age and among living primates? What is their functional significance? How similar are archaeological percussive tools and those made by non- @entity1 primates? This issue of Phil. Trans. addresses some of these questions by presenting case studies with a wide chronological, geographical and disciplinary coverage. The studies presented here cover studies of Brazilian capuchins, captive @entity831 and @entity831 in the wild, research on the use of percussive technology among modern @entity1 and recent hunter-gatherers in Australia, the Near East and Europe, and archaeological examples of this behaviour from a million years ago to the Holocene. In summary, the breadth and depth of research compiled here should make this issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, a landmark step forward towards a better understanding of percussive technology, a unique behaviour shared by some modern and fossil primates.

title: Percussive technology in XXXX evolution: an introduction to a comparative approach in fossil and living primates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity154 present a rare but important physical and emotional challenge for @entity1 and parents. Radiological imaging is important for accurate diagnosis, to aid decision making and to monitor changes in the growing hand. The goal of any treatment is to help the @entity1 achieve his/her maximum potential, to provide a useful hand with attention to cosmesis. We investigated the range of @entity154 imaged in a tertiary referral centre. We examined the timing of imaging and the key clinical questions. METHODS: The radiology imaging system was searched retrospectively for radiographs of @entity154 over a 6-year period. The images were reviewed and @entity1 demographics, diagnosis and other imaging recorded. RESULTS: Over 6  years, 85 @entity1 had imaging. Twenty-three @entity1 had bilateral problems and 11 had recognised syndromes. The most common abnormalities imaged were duplicated thumbs (28  %), followed by syndactyly (18  %). @entity1 were first imaged as early as 1  day old, with the median age of initial imaging 12  months. CONCLUSIONS: Thumb duplication and syndactyly are the most common conditions for which radiographs are requested at our hospital, although overall syndactyly is considered the most common @entity154 . For a variety of reasons, @entity1 are often imaged very early, before review by the Specialist in @entity1 's Hand Surgery (despite surgery being unlikely before 1  year of age.) We discuss the classification systems and specific issues that hand surgeons want to know from the radiologists.

title: Radiological imaging of XXXX -a 6-year single-centre experience and what the hand surgeons want to know.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital hand anomalies', 'congenital hand anomaly', 'congenital hand anomalies']

answer: @entity154 :: (MESH:D000013,Disease) :: ['congenital hand anomalies']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The composition of @entity731 coronary plaque is a major determinant of future clinical events. Spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data has demonstrated potential to provide detailed quantitative information on plaque composition. We prospectively assessed plaque composition in matched coronary segments at a six-month interval and sought to explore correlations between temporal changes in plaque composition and circulating biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty coronary segments (mean baseline length, 29.9+/-14.1mm) with non-significant angiographic (<50 % diameter) stenosis, in non-culprit vessels of @entity1 (n=20) referred for percutaneous intervention, were studied at baseline and six-month follow-up. Spectral analysis of IVUS radiofrequency data, obtained with a 30 MHz catheter in segments matched on predefined anatomic landmarks, was performed with IVUS-Virtual Histology software. After 6 months, an overall decrease in the level of different biomarkers of instability was present. There were no significant changes in absolute values (mm2) of plaque components; @entity460 (0.036+/-0.05 vs. 0.033+/-0.04), fibrous (2.68+/-1.5 vs. 2.90+/-1.5), fibrolipidic (0.77+/-0.4 vs. 0.73+/-0.4), and lipid core (0.42+/-0.4 vs. 0.52+/-0.5), between baseline and six-months. Nor did any conventional IVUS variable (lumen, vessel, or plaque cross-sectional area, or percent area stenosis). Change in lipid core area (r=0.51, p=0.024), fibrous area (r=0.49, p=0.033) and @entity460 area (r=0.63, p=0.004), were significantly correlated with change in @entity6511 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Routine medical care does not result in significant overall changes in IVUS-derived plaque size or composition over a 6-month period. This study provides indication of quantifiable boundaries beyond which modifications in tissue composition might be interpreted as statistically significant.

title: First-in- XXXX prospective evaluation of temporal changes in coronary plaque composition by in vivo intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis: an Integrated Biomarker and Imaging Study (IBIS) substudy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['man']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: The amygdala and hippocampus are recognized as the two important structures in the brain involved in the development and control of kindled @entity410 . The study on the precise interconnection between these two regions can provide important insights into the functional anatomy of complex partial @entity410 . In this study the effect of an experimentally increased excitability in hippocampal neurons, via hippocampal kindling, on the amygdala kindling rate was investigated in @entity35 . METHODS: Animals were divided into four groups. Tripolar electrodes were implanted in the amygdala and @entity1249 region of the dorsal hippocampus of animals of Groups 1, 3 and 4. In Group 2 animals, tripolar electrodes were only implanted in the amygdala. In Group 1, one week after surgery, the @entity35 were kindled first from the hippocampus and the next day kindled by amygdala stimulation. In Groups 2 and 3, one week after surgery, @entity35 were kindled from the amygdala. Group 4 animals had a recovery period of one week plus 32 days, which was the mean of the hippocampal kindling rate in Group 1, and then were kindled from the amygdala. RESULTS: In Group 1, the amygdala kindling rate (n; number of days for which animals were stimulated before a stage 5 motor @entity410 is triggered) and @entity410 stage at day n/2 were significantly facilitated and increased respectively. There was also a significant positive correlation between hippocampal and amygdala kindling rates. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Results obtained show that an increase in hippocampal excitability can facilitate kindling from the amygdala. Thus, it is suggested that the hippocampus has an important role in the development and propagation of @entity410 from the amygdala.

title: Hippocampal hyperexcitability facilitates amygdala kindling in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'convulsion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the predictive capacity of several markers of reproductive age in normal @entity1 . METHODS: Healthy female volunteers (n = 162) aged 25-46 years with proven, normal fertility and regular menstrual cycles were recruited. In this selected group, chronological age was assumed to approximate reproductive age and, therefore, was taken as the proxy-variable for reproductive age. The number of antral follicles with 2-10 mm diameter, total ovarian volume, total follicular volume, mean follicular volume, and volume of either the smallest or largest ovary were estimated by transvaginal sonography of the ovaries. Serum levels of early follicular FSH, @entity53 and inhibin B, as well as the response of @entity53 and inhibin B to exogenous @entity1176 agonist administration (GAST), were also evaluated. RESULTS: Regression analysis revealed that the antral follicle number showed the highest correlation with age (r = -0.68, P = 0.001), and explained 46% of its variance. All other variables, except inhibin B, were moderately correlated with age. Responses of @entity53 and inhibin B to the GnRH agonist were moderately correlated with age, but highly correlated with the number of antral follicles. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the number of antral follicles has the closest association with chronological age in normal @entity1 with proven fertility. As stimulated @entity53 and @entity25086 clearly reflect the size of the antral follicle cohort, the GAST may be considered the second best single test to predict reproductive age.

title: The number of antral follicles in normal XXXX with proven fertility is the best reflection of reproductive age.

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['estradiol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: "Gamma-type carbonic anhydrase-like" (CAL) proteins form part of complex I in plants. Together with " @entity71169 (CA) proteins they form an extra domain which is attached to the membrane arm of complex I on its matrix exposed side. In @entity958 two CAL and three CA proteins are present, termed @entity71170 , CAL2, @entity45994 , @entity45995 and CA3. It has been proposed that the carbonic anhydrase domain of complex I is involved in a process mediating efficient recycling of mitochondrial @entity3158 for photosynthetic @entity505 fixation which is especially important during growth conditions causing increased photorespiration. Depletion of CAL proteins has been shown to significantly affect plant development and photomorphogenesis. To better understand CAL function in plants we here investigated effects of CAL depletion on the mitochondrial compartment. In mutant lines and cell cultures complex I amount was reduced by 90-95% but levels of complexes III and V were unchanged. At the same time, some of the CA transcripts were less abundant. Proteome analysis of CAL depleted cells revealed significant reduction of complex I subunits as well as proteins associated with photorespiration, but increased amounts of proteins participating in @entity3689 catabolism and stress response reactions. @entity245 of the mutants was slightly alleviated if plants were cultivated at high @entity3158 . Profiling of selected metabolites revealed defined changes in intermediates of the @entity1792 cycle and @entity3689 catabolism. It is concluded that CAL proteins are essential for complex I assembly and that CAL depletion specifically affects central mitochondrial metabolism.

title: Depletion of the "gamma-type carbonic anhydrase-like" subunits of complex I affects central mitochondrial metabolism in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity958 :: ('3702', 'Species') :: ['Arabidopsis']

entities_list: @entity1792 :: ('MESH:D019343', 'Chemical') :: ['citric acid']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['Developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity71169 :: ('841129(Tax:3702)', 'Gene') :: ['gamma carbonic anhydrase"']

answer: @entity958 :: (3702,Species) :: ['Arabidopsis thaliana']


abstract: Long-term follow-up examination with esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed on seven @entity1 who had undergone successful delayed @entity254 for isolated @entity1152 . The follow-up period ranged from 1.2 to 11.3 years (mean, 5.3). All @entity1 had undergone fundoplication because of symptomatic @entity354 ( @entity354 ). Three anastomotic strictures had to be resected. At the time of the last follow-up examination, the subjective results were excellent for five @entity1 and good for two. The last endoscopy showed @entity2910 in three and normal mucosa in four. The fundoplication was partly disrupted in two @entity1 . In three @entity1 the fundoplication was competent but partly intrathoracic. Histological examination showed moderate @entity2910 in one, mild @entity2910 in one, and normal mucosa in five @entity1 ; however, four @entity1 were on continuous medication for @entity2910 . In conclusion, the subjective results of @entity1 with isolated @entity1152 treated with esophageal @entity254 are good. However, long-term complications caused by @entity354 are common in these @entity1 . Therefore, active search and treatment of reflux is necessary for these @entity1 .

title: Long-term complications in cases of isolated XXXX treated with esophageal @entity254 .

entities_list: @entity1152 :: ('MESH:D004933', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal atresia']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['macroscopic esophagitis', 'esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal reflux', 'GER']

answer: @entity1152 :: (MESH:D004933,Disease) :: ['esophageal atresia']