abstract: BACKGROUND: Heparins substantially reduce the risk of @entity1031 after total hip or knee replacement. However, they can be given only by injection and have several other drawbacks. We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind study to examine the dose-response relation of subcutaneous @entity18422 , a direct @entity556 inhibitor, followed by oral @entity24772 as thromboprophylaxis after total hip or knee replacement. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety with that of @entity16960 . METHODS: Of 1900 @entity1 , 1495 were assigned to four dose categories of subcutaneous @entity18422 from just before surgery (1.00 mg, 1.50 mg, 2.25 mg, or 3.00 mg twice daily) followed from the day after surgery by oral @entity24772 (8 mg, 12 mg, 18 mg, or 24 mg twice daily). 381 @entity1 were assigned subcutaneous @entity16960 5000 IU once daily, from the evening before surgery. Bilateral venography was done at 7-10 days, and clinically suspected @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) was confirmed radiologically. The primary endpoint was the rate of @entity1150 and @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). Analyses were by intention to treat. FINDINGS: 1876 @entity1 underwent total replacement of hip (n=1270) or knee (n=606); evaluable venograms were obtained in 1473 (79%). Four @entity1 without evaluable venograms had @entity1151 . Overall, a significant dose-dependent decrease in @entity1211 was seen with @entity18422 / @entity24772 (lowest to highest group: 111 [37.8%], 70 [24.1%], 71 [23.7%], and 43 [15.1%]; p=0.0001); there were also significant relations for both total hip and total knee replacement individually. The frequency of @entity1211 was significantly lower with the highest dose of @entity18422 / @entity24772 than with @entity16960 (15.1% vs 28.2%, p<0.0001). There were no reoperations due to @entity548 and no critical @entity548 . @entity954 was uncommon but more frequent in the highest dose group. INTERPRETATION: This sequential therapy was effective and safe in @entity1 undergoing major joint replacement surgery. The findings should be confirmed in a large phase III trial.

title: XXXX and @entity18422 compared with @entity16960 for prevention of @entity1211 after total hip or knee replacement: the METHRO II randomised trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['organ bleeding', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity16960 :: ('MESH:D017985', 'Chemical') :: ['dalteparin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep-vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic complications']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['Excessive surgical bleeding']

entities_list: @entity18422 :: ('MESH:C109573', 'Chemical') :: ['melagatran']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

entities_list: @entity24772 :: ('MESH:C426686', 'Chemical') :: ['ximelagatran']

answer: @entity24772 :: (MESH:C426686,Chemical) :: ['Ximelagatran']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5815 ( @entity5815 ) is a debilitating illness with no known cause or effective therapy. Population-based epidemiologic data on @entity5815 prevalence and incidence are critical to put @entity5815 in a realistic context for public health officials and others responsible for allocating resources and for practicing physicians when examining and caring for @entity1 . METHODS: We conducted a random digit-dialing survey and clinical examination to estimate the prevalence of @entity5815 in the general population of Wichita, Kan, and a 1-year follow-up telephone interview and clinical examination to estimate the incidence of @entity5815 . The survey included 33 997 households representing 90 316 residents. This report focuses on 7162 respondents aged 18 to 69 years. Fatigued (n = 3528) and randomly selected nonfatigued (n = 3634) respondents completed telephone questionnaires concerning fatigue, other symptoms, and medical history. The clinical examination included the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity146 , Fourth Edition, laboratory testing, and a physical examination. RESULTS: The overall weighted point prevalence of @entity5815 , adjusted for nonresponse, was 235 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 142-327 per 100,000 @entity1 ). The prevalence of @entity5815 was higher among @entity1 , 373 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 210-536 per 100,000 @entity1 ), than among @entity1 , 83 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 15-150 per 100,000 @entity1 ). Among subjects nonfatigued and fatigued for less than 6 months, the 1-year incidence of @entity5815 was 180 per 100,000 @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 0-466 per 100,000 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5815 constitutes a major public health problem. Longitudinal follow-up of this cohort will be used to further evaluate the natural history of this illness.

title: Prevalence and incidence of XXXX in Wichita, Kansas.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'persons', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5815 :: ('MESH:D015673', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic fatigue syndrome', 'CFS']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['Mental Disorders']

answer: @entity5815 :: (MESH:D015673,Disease) :: ['chronic fatigue syndrome']


abstract: Embryonic, @entity1 spinal ganglion explants were plated at 5-12 weeks postconceptional age and cultured for 5-50 days on a semisynthetic substrate in a serum-containing culture medium without addition of antibiotics or preconditioned medium. The growth pattern in vitro was found to be age dependent. Five- to 6-week ganglia showed a characteristic semicircular growth pattern with bidirectional extension of neurites on top of a monolayer of supportive cells. Explanted 9- to 10-week ganglia showed an extensive, multidirectional neurite outgrowth with less pronounced proliferation of nonneuronal cells. Neurite extension, @entity2901 , cell migration and morphology were studied immunohistochemically with antibodies to neurofilament (NF), @entity2281 , and the @entity5399 glycoprotein. Both NF and @entity2281 were expressed at 5 weeks gestational age in ganglionic neurons and in proliferating Schwann cells in contact with axonal processes, respectively. NF was homogeneously distributed in both cell somata and neurites, whereas @entity2281 immunoreactivity showed an intense nuclear and a weaker cytoplasmic distribution in spindle-shaped, bipolar Schwann cells. This staining pattern was conserved during differentiation in long-term culture. @entity5399 was expressed on ganglionic neurites forming fascicles by the third week in culture. However, @entity5399 was never expressed until the total age of 10 weeks. In addition, @entity5399 was found on fibroblasts from the first week in culture. The distribution of @entity5399 on the cytoplasmic membrane was similar in both cell types, showing a coarsely granulated membrane staining. The temporal as well as the spatial expression of differentiation antigens in tissue sections of early embryonic spinal cord and spinal ganglia were very similar to what was observed in vitro.

title: Morphology and growth of embryonic, XXXX dorsal root ganglion explants in long-term culture: expression of cell type-specific markers during early differentiation.

entities_list: @entity2901 :: ('MESH:D005207', 'Disease') :: ['fasciculation']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and @entity5 development. A rare population of @entity96 stem cells (HSCs) holds the extensive proliferative and self-renewal potential necessary to form a @entity96 . We postulated that specific transcriptional factors might regulate the expression of microRNAs and subsequently modulate the expression of gene products involved in phenotypic characteristics of HSCs. We evaluated the expression of microRNA in @entity1 HSCs by microarray profiling, and defined the target genes and functional effects of two groups of microRNA regulated by @entity650 and transcriptional factor Twist. A subset of highly chemoresistant and invasive HSCs was screened with aberrant expressions of cytokine @entity650 and Twist. We demonstrated that conserved let-7 and miR-181 family members were up-regulated in HSCs by global microarray-based microRNA profiling followed by validation with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Importantly, inhibition of let-7 increases the chemosensitivity of HSCs to @entity2857 and @entity632 whereas silencing of miR-181 led to a reduction in HSCs motility and invasion. Knocking down @entity650 and Twist in HSCs significantly reduced let-7 and miR-181 expression and subsequently inhibited chemoresistance and cell invasion. We showed that let-7 directly targets @entity4635 and @entity522 , whereas miR-181 directly targets @entity15893 , @entity8111 as well as @entity13058 ( @entity13058 ). In conclusion, alterations of @entity650 - and Twist-regulated microRNA expression in HSCs play a part in @entity5 spreading and responsiveness to chemotherapy. Our results define a novel regulatory mechanism of let-7/miR-181s suggesting that let-7 and miR-181 may be molecular targets for eradication of hepatocellular @entity5 .

title: Functional analysis of microRNAs in XXXX @entity96 stem cells.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumour', 'hepatocellular cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'malignancies', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity2857 :: ('MESH:C471405', 'Chemical') :: ['sorafenib']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: @entity101 is a rare but serious syndrome complicating 1% of essential @entity101 and causing @entity299 . Despite improved anti- @entity101 medication, the incidence of this condition fails to decline. In the first part of this review, we discuss transgenic @entity35 models of @entity101 , generated by over-expressing @entity3449 , to illustrate the role of the @entity3449 -angiotensin system in the development of @entity101 and @entity101 . In the second part, we focus on the cerebrovascular response to @entity101 and discuss new data using a conditional, transgenic model of @entity101 , the inducible @entity101 @entity35 (IHR). @entity385 associates strongly with @entity101 in @entity1 and the mechanisms by which @entity101 predisposes to different types of @entity64 remains poorly understood. @entity35 have similar cerebrovascular anatomy and structure to @entity1 and as such provide a good experimental tool. To date, such models lack controllability and blood-pressure matched controls. Using the IHR, we have manipulated dietary salt and water intake to generate a novel, controllable @entity64 phenotype. @entity101 develops over a predictable time period, permitting the study of developing @entity75 . @entity1317 and @entity101 are not affected. Dissociation of the systemic and central vascular responses in this way, will allow for comparative study of animals with equivalent @entity101 , genetic background and systemic features of @entity101 with or without @entity64 .

title: The role of the XXXX -angiotensin system in @entity1317 affecting the systemic and cerebral circulations.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Hypertensive small-vessel stroke', 'hypertension', 'systemic hypertensive vascular remodelling', 'Malignant hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'malignant hypertension']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cerebrovascular lesions']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['Systemic end-organ injury']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['neurological, renal and cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarction']

answer: @entity3449 :: (24715(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['renin']


abstract: In September 1985, an outbreak of @entity526 O157:H7 @entity1681 affected 55 of 169 residents and 18 of 137 staff members at a nursing home. The outbreak was characterized by two phases: a primary wave whose source was probably a contaminated sandwich meal and a secondary wave compatible with @entity1 -to- @entity1 transmission of @entity281 . Among the elderly residents, the incubation period was 4 to 9 days (mean, 5.7 +/- 1.2). Older age and previous gastrectomy increased the risk of acquiring the @entity281 (P = 0.01 and 0.03, respectively). Antibiotic therapy during exposure was associated with acquiring a secondary @entity281 (P = 0.001). @entity1381 developed in 12 affected residents (22 percent), 11 of whom died. Overall, 19 (35 percent) of the affected residents died, 17 (31 percent) from causes attributable to their @entity281 . Antibiotic therapy after the onset of symptoms was associated with a higher case fatality rate in the more severe cases, possibly because @entity1 with more severe disease tended to be treated with antibiotics. There were no complications or @entity204 among the affected members of the staff. Evidence of @entity281 by verotoxin-producing @entity526 O157:H7 was detected in 30 of 70 cases on the basis of isolation of this organism or demonstration of free @entity6846 in stools. All isolates belonged to the same phage type. The high morbidity and mortality associated with this condition emphasize the need for proper food hygiene, rapid identification of outbreaks of disease, and prompt institution of @entity281 -control techniques among the institutionalized elderly.

title: A severe outbreak of XXXX O157:H7--associated hemorrhagic colitis in a nursing home.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6846 :: ('MESH:D022603', 'Chemical') :: ['verotoxin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1381 :: ('MESH:D006463', 'Disease') :: ['Hemolytic uremic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli', 'E. coli']

entities_list: @entity1681 :: ('MESH:D004751', 'Disease') :: ['enteritis']

answer: @entity526 :: (562,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cloth masks to medical masks in hospital @entity12767 ( @entity12767 ). The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between medical masks and cloth masks. SETTING: 14 secondary-level/tertiary-level hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. @entity1 : 1607 hospital @entity12767 aged >= 18   years working full-time in selected high-risk wards. INTERVENTION: Hospital wards were randomised to: medical masks, cloth masks or a control group (usual practice, which included mask wearing). @entity1 used the mask on every shift for 4 consecutive weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Clinical @entity1576 (CRI), @entity683 ( @entity683 ) and laboratory-confirmed @entity1729 . RESULTS: The rates of all @entity281 outcomes were highest in the cloth mask arm, with the rate of @entity683 statistically significantly higher in the cloth mask arm (relative risk (RR)=13.00, 95% CI 1.69 to 100.07) compared with the medical mask arm. Cloth masks also had significantly higher rates of @entity683 compared with the control arm. An analysis by mask use showed @entity683 (RR=6.64, 95% CI 1.45 to 28.65) and laboratory-confirmed virus (RR=1.72, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.94) were significantly higher in the cloth masks group compared with the medical masks group. Penetration of cloth masks by particles was almost 97% and medical masks 44%. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first RCT of cloth masks, and the results caution against the use of cloth masks. This is an important finding to inform occupational health and safety. Moisture retention, reuse of cloth masks and poor filtration may result in increased risk of @entity281 . Further research is needed to inform the widespread use of cloth masks globally. However, as a precautionary measure, cloth masks should not be recommended for @entity12767 , particularly in high-risk situations, and guidelines need to be updated. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12610000887077.

title: A cluster randomised trial of cloth masks compared with medical masks in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity12767 :: ('MESH:D000382', 'Disease') :: ['HCWs', 'healthcare workers']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza-like illness', 'ILI']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory virus infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity12767 :: (MESH:D000382,Disease) :: ['healthcare workers']


abstract: The effect of @entity13785 on the nucleolus and on melanogenesis in differentiating pigment cells of @entity1238 was investigated in cultured neural crest cells. Cultures were treated with either 2 or 10 microgram/ml @entity13785 for 41/2 hours. Following treatment the antibiotic was removed. Observations of the cells were made with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. @entity4316 almost entirely stopped pigment formation in neural crest cultures during treatment. The morphological sequence in the formation of melanin granules in the untreated pigment cells appears to be as follows: The earliest identifiable premelanosome is membrane-bound and contains very thin laminae and/or small vesciles. The premelanosomes become until they are approximately the size of mature melanin granules and there is thickening of the laminae, which appear to have a periodic substructure. The cells eventually become packed with electron-dense melanin granules. Compared with controls, the cytoplasm of treated cells showed a greater abundance of smooth- than of fuzzy-membraned vesicles, less rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi cisternae, and a smaller number of premelanosomes. The necleolus showed segregation and blebbing of its components, decrease in size and even disappearance; sometimes confluence of the components occurred. The most consistent morphological effect of @entity13785 on the nucleolus was the separation of the fibrillar and granular areas. The granular component appeared to undergo marked changes in size and arrangement and is thought to be the source of ribosomal RNA precursors. The alteration in size of the outer component of the nucleolus went hand in hand with disappearance of free ribosomes from the cytoplasm of treated cells and inhibition of pigment synthesis.

title: The effect of XXXX on the nucleolus and on pigment synthesis in pigment cells of @entity1238 : an ultrastructural study.

entities_list: @entity1238 :: ('8355', 'Species') :: ['Xenopus laevis']

entities_list: @entity4316 :: ('MESH:D003609', 'Chemical') :: ['Actinomycin D']

answer: @entity4316 :: (MESH:D003609,Chemical) :: ['actinomycin D']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous manifestations are the most frequent, and often the initial feature of extra-articular involvement in @entity1 with @entity12299 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histological spectrum of @entity1333 and the associated systemic involvement in @entity1 with @entity12299 . METHODS: Among 525 @entity1 with @entity309 , 20 tissue specimens with histologically proven @entity1333 from 11 @entity1 were investigated by studying the types and levels of affected vessels and related clinical features. RESULTS: Small-vessel @entity1333 identified as dermal necrotizing venulitis was found in 10 @entity1 , clinically characterized by palpable @entity4125 , @entity5105 , @entity3144 diutinum and @entity548 . @entity3468 histologically resembling @entity11657 , clinically characterized by subcutaneous nodules, @entity12288 , @entity194 and deep @entity1066 was identified in four @entity1 all with systemic complications. Coexistence of venulitis and @entity3468 was identified in three @entity1 . Different cutaneous vasculitic manifestations often coexisted and recurred in the same @entity1 . Three @entity1 with systemic complications of @entity4216 multiplex (two of three), @entity3794 (two of three) and @entity1661 (one of three) died within 1 year of onset of the @entity1333 . Immunofluorescence demonstrated vessel wall deposition of IgM and/or complement in six of the seven @entity1 examined. CONCLUSIONS: Features of cutaneous @entity12299 overlapping both the characteristics of @entity39 and @entity11657 together with coexistence of these different type of @entity1333 in the same or different lesional skin account for the associated diverse cutaneous vasculitic manifestations. Although @entity7674 ( @entity1333 ) was the most common presentation, the presence of @entity1333 in @entity309 @entity1 did not necessarily indicate a favourable prognosis. Associations with @entity4216 multiplex and bowel involvement had a fatal prognosis, while @entity1 with superficial @entity7674 without other extra-articular involvement may follow a favourable prognosis.

title: Clinical and histopathological spectrum of @entity1333 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity12288 :: ('MESH:D054068', 'Disease') :: ['livedo reticularis']

entities_list: @entity7674 :: ('MESH:D016136', 'Disease') :: ['dermal venulitis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhagic blisters']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis', 'cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis', 'cutaneous vasculitis', 'leucocytoclastic vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous necrotizing venulitis']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal microaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity3794 :: ('MESH:D011658', 'Disease') :: ['interstitial pulmonary fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity12299 :: ('MESH:D056653', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity3468 :: ('MESH:D001167', 'Disease') :: ['Arteritis', 'arteritis']

entities_list: @entity5105 :: ('MESH:D004890', 'Disease') :: ['maculopapular erythema']

entities_list: @entity11657 :: ('MESH:D010488', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous polyarteritis nodosa']

entities_list: @entity194 :: ('MESH:D001284', 'Disease') :: ['atrophie blanche']

entities_list: @entity4216 :: ('MESH:D020422', 'Disease') :: ['mononeuritis']

entities_list: @entity3144 :: ('MESH:C535509', 'Disease') :: ['erythema elevatum']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'rheumatoid']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fracture of the hip (HF) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals. HF is an acute stress that triggers a state of @entity32 which may affect immune responses and physical recovery. METHODS: Longitudinal study of the impact of HF on the functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in elderly subjects. Data were recorded prior to surgery, 6weeks and 6months later. RESULTS: PMN functions were severely impaired shortly after HF ( @entity6722 , phagocytosis, @entity224 production) but there was a time-related recovery of some PMN functions ( @entity6722 , phagocytosis) over time, except in the case of @entity224 production. Whereas FcyRII ( @entity222 ) expression remained unchanged, FcyRIII ( @entity4071 ) increased from low values before surgery to levels of controls 6months post-surgery. This was also the case for the C5a complement receptor and @entity9536 . @entity2938 and @entity2939 expressions were unchanged. Cytokine and chemokine secretions by stimulated PMN were altered. @entity310 and @entity688 secretions were increased following HF but @entity687 secretion was decreased. @entity73 prior to surgery were related to alterations in PI3K and NF-kB signaling pathways. Recovery of these functions paralleled increased PI3K activity, although @entity224 production remained low. Sustained activation of the NF-kB pathway by @entity310 has been reported to involve upregulation of IKKb kinase activity. Activated IKKb kinase inhibits @entity1366 and results in concomitant downstream inhibition of @entity1110 oxidase complex which can account for sustained impaired production of ROS in HF @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our data showed that the stress caused by HF negatively affects initial PMN responses shortly after the event and that may negatively influence clinical outcomes such as resolving long-term @entity32 and recovery, as well as explaining susceptibility to @entity1292 .

title: Altered neutrophil functions in elderly XXXX during a 6-month follow-up period after a hip fracture.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity6722 :: ('MESH:C565534', 'Disease') :: ['chemotaxis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired PMN functions']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1292 :: ('MESH:D009894', 'Disease') :: ['opportunistic infections']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity505 nanotubes- @entity3440 (CNTs- @entity3758 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity5139 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity413 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3758 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3758 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity16549 , and @entity16549 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: @entity505 nanotubes@ XXXX nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of @entity5139 pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

entities_list: @entity3440 :: ('MESH:D012822', 'Chemical') :: ['silicon dioxide']

entities_list: @entity5139 :: ('D010755', 'Chemical') :: ['organophosphorus']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['Glucose']

answer: @entity3440 :: (MESH:D012822,Chemical) :: ['silicon dioxide']


abstract: Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) by G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) is proposed to be a key event initiating homologous receptor desensitization. A technical limitation hindering identification of GPRs as GRK substrates has been the necessity to use purified and reconstituted receptors in GRK assays. Here, the @entity1 m2 and @entity1 m3 ( @entity16237 ) muscarinic cholinergic receptors (mAChRs), which couple to attenuation of adenylyl cyclase and stimulation of phospholipase C, respectively, were expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells and an in vitro approach to studying GPR phosphorylation by GRKs in crude membranes was developed. The m2 mAChR, a known substrate of certain GRKs, was used to validate the approach. The GRK isoform @entity437 phosphorylated the membrane-bound @entity1 m2 mAChRs in an agonist-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that endogenous membrane-bound beta gamma subunits of G proteins stimulated the phosphorylation of the membrane-bound m2 mAChR. To reveal new GRK substrates, we tested the expressed @entity16237 mAChRs. The membrane-bound @entity16237 mAChRs were phosphorylated by @entity437 in an agonist-dependent, G beta gamma-enhanced manner. This is the first demonstration that @entity16237 mAChRs can serve as substrates for GRKs. The stoichiometry of receptor phosphorylation was approximately 2 mol of @entity1391 /mol of receptors in the absence of G beta gamma and approximately 4 mol of @entity1391 /mol of receptors upon addition of G beta gamma. When the specificity of various GRKs towards mAChRs was assessed, @entity47643 phosphorylated the agonist-activated @entity16237 mAChRs as efficiently as did @entity437 ; however, neither @entity47644 nor @entity47645 significantly phosphorylated the @entity16237 mAChRs under similar conditions. The approach of studying GRK-mediated phosphorylation of GPRs in their membrane-bound state identified the @entity16237 mAChRs as new substrates for GRKs. This approach should be valuable in identifying other new substrates of GRKs and should aid in studies that elucidate GRK/GPR pairing.

title: Agonist-dependent phosphorylation of XXXX muscarinic receptors in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cell membranes by G protein-coupled receptor kinases.

entities_list: @entity437 :: ('156', 'Gene') :: ['beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (beta ARK)1', 'beta ARK1']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adenectomy via transsphenoidal surgery is considered the treatment of choice for @entity699 . It is successful in about 80% of @entity1 in the hands of an experienced surgeon. When transsphenoidal surgery fails or is contraindicated, a second-line treatment must be chosen. The review focuses on second-line treatment options. RECENT FINDINGS: Repeat pituitary surgery results in the cure of @entity699 in about 50% of cases. Bilateral adrenalectomy results in resolution of hypercortisolemia in almost all @entity1 , but leaves the @entity1 glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficient. @entity2014 , depending on the definition, occurs in up to 35% of these @entity1 . Irradiation of the residual @entity977 typically takes several years before the full effect is realized; it can cause @entity7961 . Finally, pharmacologic treatment of persistent hypercortisolemia can be effective, but is often associated with untoward side effects. These side effects are a powerful deterrent to its use. Several new pharmacologic agents are being studied and show some promise. SUMMARY: Each of the second-line treatments for @entity699 currently available can be effective at treating @entity699 , but each has significant limitations. New pharmacologic agents may soon offer some very exciting treatment options.

title: Second-line treatment for XXXX when initial pituitary surgery is unsuccessful.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["Cushing's disease", 'hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary tumor']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity2014 :: ('MESH:D009347', 'Disease') :: ["Nelson's syndrome"]

answer: @entity699 :: (MESH:D003480,Disease) :: ['Cushing's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK prevalence of @entity439 is estimated at 10.4 per 100,000 @entity1 -years. Progressive and unpredictable enlargement can lead to @entity397 . Endovascular repair of @entity2334 involves a stent graft system being introduced via the femoral artery and manipulated within the aorta under radiological guidance. Following endograft deployment, a seal is formed at the proximal and distal landing zones to exclude the @entity439 sac from the circulation. With the increasing popularity of endovascular repair there has been an increase in the number of commercially available stent graft designs on the market. This is an update of the review first published in 2013. OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to assess the different stent graft types for endovascular repair of @entity2334 . SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane Vascular Group @entity325 ( @entity325 ) searched the Specialised Register (last searched February 2015) and the Cochrane Register of Studies CENTRAL (2015, Issue 1). Trial databases were searched by the @entity325 for details of ongoing and unpublished studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: All published and unpublished randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of stent graft types in the repair of @entity2334 were sought without language restriction. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data collection and analysis was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. MAIN RESULTS: No studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. It was not possible to assess the quality of the evidence in the absence of studies eligible for inclusion in the review. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Unfortunately, no data exist regarding direct comparisons of the performance of different stent graft types. High quality RCTs evaluating stent graft types in @entity439 repair are required.

title: Stent graft types for endovascular repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2334 :: ('MESH:D017545', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic aneurysm', 'thoracic endovascular aneurysm', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['Trials Search Co-ordinator', 'TSC']

answer: @entity2334 :: (MESH:D017545,Disease) :: ['thoracic aortic aneurysms']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11544 transdermal patch has shown higher caregiver satisfaction and greater preference than oral formulation in @entity1 with @entity195 . However, there is limited literature available related to caregiver preference or treatment compliance in real-world clinical settings. To date, no such data are available from Asia and the Middle East, which account for a sizeable proportion of @entity1 with @entity195 . The objective of this study was to evaluate treatment preference and compliance with oral and transdermal medications in daily clinical practice in an ethnically diverse @entity1 population from Asia and the Middle East with mild-to-moderate @entity195 . @entity1 AND METHODS: RECAP (Real-world Evaluation of Compliance And Preference in the treatment of @entity195 ) was a 24-week, multicenter, prospective, noninterventional study. Two treatment cohorts were observed during the study: oral (cholinesterase inhibitors or @entity3393 ) and transdermal ( @entity11544 patch). Caregiver preference, physician preference, and @entity1 compliance were evaluated at week 24. RESULTS: A total of 978 of 1,931 enrolled @entity1 (mean age: 72.8 years; 50.5% female) were in the transdermal cohort. For @entity1 with exposure to both oral and transdermal monotherapy (n=330), a significant caregivers' preference for the transdermal monotherapy was observed (82.7%; P<0.0001). Of the 89 participating physicians, 71 indicated preference for transdermal monotherapy. @entity1 compliance was also significantly higher for transdermal than oral monotherapy (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our study showed higher caregiver and physician preference and greater @entity1 compliance with transdermal monotherapy in daily practice.

title: Real-world evaluation of compliance and preference in XXXX treatment.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3393 :: ('MESH:D008559', 'Chemical') :: ['memantine']

entities_list: @entity11544 :: ('MESH:C072506', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivastigmine', 'rivastigmine']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's disease"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['Alzheimer's disease']


abstract: Forty-five @entity1 with @entity1358 were treated with @entity1524 ( @entity1524 ) and @entity4444 . @entity1 received @entity1524 , 100 mg orally daily; @entity4444 administration, 300 mg orally four times daily, was initiated on day 15 of therapy, and treatment with both drugs was continued until progression of disease. Three @entity1 are too early to evaluate (on study less than or equal to 2 months with no change in @entity5 status). Objective responses (greater than or equal to 50% reduction in measurable disease) occurred in 14 of 42 evaluable @entity1 (33.3%) (the 95% confidence interval based on this rate is +/- 14.3%), with three complete responses and 11 partial responses (PR). Complete responses lasted 9.5, 4+, and 9.5+ months. The median duration of response for the PR group was 5 months (range, 4 to 21+ months). Twelve @entity1 experienced stabilization of disease ranging from 4 to 16.5+ months. No response was seen in 16 @entity1 . There was no symptomatic, hematologic, or chemical (organ dysfunction) @entity137 among the 45 @entity1 treated. @entity1524 and @entity4444 appear to be safe and active agents in the treatment of metastatic @entity703 . Further studies are required to determine the optimal dose and scheduling of these agents.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity1524 ( @entity1524 ) and @entity4444 : a pilot study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4444 :: ('MESH:D002927', 'Chemical') :: ['cimetidine']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1524 :: ('MESH:C030123', 'Chemical') :: ['Coumarin', 'coumarin', '1,2-benzopyrone']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal carcinoma']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['metastatic renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The pharmacological specificity of alpha-2 adrenoceptor involvement in the modulation of rough-and-tumble play behavior was assessed in juvenile @entity35 . The alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists @entity9006 and @entity23190 both increased the frequency of pinning in individually housed @entity35 that were given a brief opportunity to play. Dorsal contacts, a measure of play solicitation, were not consistently affected by these compounds. Since @entity23190 shows little affinity for non-adrenoceptor @entity947 binding sites, it is likely that the facilitation of play following administration of these two compounds is due to blockade of alpha-2 receptors. The effect of @entity23190 and @entity9006 is unlikely to be an artifact associated with using @entity35 that are reared in isolation, as @entity23190 also increased pinning, as well as dorsal contacts, in group-housed @entity35 that were isolated for a short period (4h) before the play session. The alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist @entity3159 , which also binds to alpha-2B receptors, reduced the frequency of both pinning and dorsal contacts. There was a strong trend for @entity29749 , a centrally active alpha-1 agonist, to attenuate the effect of @entity3159 on play. While this leaves open the possibility that @entity3159 may be reducing play through alpha-1 blockade, antagonist activity at alpha-2B receptors cannot be ruled out. From these data, we conclude that the facilitation of play following @entity9006 and @entity23190 is likely due to blockade of alpha-2A adrenoceptors. These findings add further support for a specific role of alpha-adrenoceptors in the modulation of playfulness in the juvenile @entity35 .

title: Effects of alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonists on rough-and-tumble play in juvenile @entity35 : evidence for a site of action independent of non-adrenoceptor XXXX binding sites.

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

entities_list: @entity9006 :: ('MESH:D019329', 'Chemical') :: ['idazoxan']

entities_list: @entity947 :: ('CHEBI:53094', 'Chemical') :: ['imidazoline']

answer: @entity947 :: (CHEBI:53094,Chemical) :: ['imidazoline']


abstract: A 67-year-old male @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity751 under @entity821 treatment was admitted to our hospital with @entity221 and severe @entity158 . Upon physical examination, a @entity733 was identified. Furthermore, the scrotum was gangrenous with extensive @entity2688 and left lower abdominal wall. Crepitations between the skin and fascia were palpable. A diagnosis of @entity18450 was made. He was treated with immediate extensive surgical debridement under general anesthesia. The @entity1 received broad-spectrum antibiotics, and repeated extensive debridements were performed until healthy granulation was present in the wound. Due to the fact that his left testicle was severely exposed, it was transpositioned into a subcutaneous pocket in the inner side of the left thigh. He was finally discharged on the 57th postoperative day. @entity18450 is characterized by high mortality rates, ranging from 15% to 50% and is an acute surgical emergency. The mainstay of treatment should be open drainage and early aggressive surgical debridement of all @entity39 tissue, followed by broad-spectrum antibiotics therapy.

title: Successful Treatment of a Severe Case of XXXX Complicating a @entity733 .

entities_list: @entity821 :: ('MESH:D003348', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisone']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity18450 :: ('MESH:D018934', 'Disease') :: ["Fournier's gangrene"]

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity2688 :: ('MESH:D002481', 'Disease') :: ['cellulitis of the perineum']

entities_list: @entity733 :: ('MESH:D000038', 'Disease') :: ['perianal abscess']

entities_list: @entity751 :: ('MESH:D013577', 'Disease') :: ['nephritic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['perianal pain']

answer: @entity18450 :: (MESH:D018934,Disease) :: ['Fournier's Gangrene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, two simple clinical scores were published to predict survival in @entity130 @entity1 . Both scores may successfully guide major @entity130 triage, but neither has been independently validated in a hospital setting. METHODS: This is a cohort study with 30-day mortality as the primary outcome to validate two new @entity130 scores-Mechanism, Glasgow @entity772 Scale (GCS), Age, and Pressure (MGAP) score and GCS, Age and Pressure (GAP) score-using data from the UK @entity130 Audit and Research Network. First, an assessment of discrimination, using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and calibration, comparing mortality rates with those originally published, were performed. Second, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratios for prognostic score performance. Third, we propose new cutoffs for the risk categories. RESULTS: A total of 79,807 adult (>= 16 years) major @entity130 @entity1 (2000-2010) were included; 5,474 (6.9%) died. Mean (SD) age was 51.5 (22.4) years, median GCS score was 15 (interquartile range, 15-15), and median Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 9 (interquartile range, 9-16). More than 50% of the @entity1 had a low-risk GAP or MGAP score (1% mortality). With regard to discrimination, areas under the ROC curve were 87.2% for GAP score (95% confidence interval, 86.7-87.7) and 86.8% for MGAP score (95% confidence interval, 86.2-87.3). With regard to calibration, 2,390 (3.3%), 1,900 (28.5%), and 1,184 (72.2%) @entity1 died in the low, medium, and high GAP risk categories, respectively. In the low- and medium-risk groups, these were almost double the previously published rates. For MGAP, 1,861 (2.8%), 1,455 (15.2%), and 2,158 (58.6%) @entity1 died in the low-, medium-, and high-risk categories, consonant with results originally published. Reclassifying score point cutoffs improved likelihood ratios, sensitivity and specificity, as well as areas under the ROC curve. CONCLUSION: We found both scores to be valid triage tools to stratify emergency department @entity1 , according to their risk of @entity204 . MGAP calibrated better, but GAP slightly improved discrimination. The newly proposed cutoffs better differentiate risk classification and may therefore facilitate hospital resource allocation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, level II.

title: Validation and reclassification of MGAP and GAP in hospital settings using data from the XXXX Audit and Research Network.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['Trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis is fundamental in @entity1 with @entity191 ( @entity191 ) to improve their quality of life. AIM: To determine the latency in the diagnosis of @entity191 ( @entity191 ) after the onset of motor symptoms. @entity1 AND METHODS: Prospective study carried out during 16 months in a public hospital. Two hundred newly diagnosed @entity1 aged 41 to 90 years (50% @entity1 ), were included and analyzed. RESULTS: The lapse between the first symptom -more commonly tremor- and the diagnosis made by a neurologist ranged from 1 to 84 months (19.1    13.8). In 39% of @entity1 , it was done in the first year, in 26% during the second year and in 35% of @entity1 , it took more than two years. The referral by a general practitioner had a delay ranging from 1 to 36 months. Sixty nine and 95% of @entity1 were evaluated within the first 6 months after referral if they came from primary care or the same hospital, respectively. Twenty six percent of @entity1 were classified in stages III to V of Hoehn _ Yahr's staging and the @entity191 Rating Scale motor examination ranged from 5 to 81 points, mean 24 (   12.8). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of @entity191 has a delay in a public hospital that could be influenced by the referral system.

title: [Delay in the diagnosis of XXXX in a Chilean public hospital].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", "Parkinson's Disease", 'PD']

answer: @entity191 :: (MESH:D010300,Disease) :: ['Parkinson's disease']


abstract: The word "serious" appears in laws and policies regarding genetics services but is not defined. Genetics professionals would most likely be consulted if definitions are made. We surveyed all U.S. board-certified genetics services providers and all members of the European Society of @entity1 Genetics (ESHG), Canadian College of Medical Geneticists (CCMG), and Ibero-American Society of @entity1 Genetics (IASHG), using anonymous, mailed questionnaires. Respondents were asked to list three conditions they considered lethal, three that were serious but not lethal, and three that were not serious. Of 3,317 asked to respond, 1,481 (45%) returned questionnaires. Analysis was limited to responses of the 1,264 (85%) who saw @entity1 . Respondents listed 537 conditions, with extensive overlap between categories; 46% of conditions listed as serious were also listed as not serious and 41% were listed as lethal. Respondents did not want professional societies, laws, or national ethics committees to define serious. They favored individual @entity1 as decision makers, with the help of individual doctors. Their reasons were that @entity74 vary in expression, individuals perceive @entity74 could be unfair to minority groups, definitions tend to be inflexible when new treatments appear. In the United States, most would not use a definition of serious to limit reproductive services, carrier screening, or neonatal intensive care; outside the United States, more supported limitations. There is not sufficient consensus among experienced genetics professionals to define serious genetic conditions for purposes of law or policy. Responses point to social and economic influences on perceptions of what constitutes a serious @entity74 .

title: XXXX : can or should they be defined?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['genetic disorders', 'disorders differently, professional or legal definitions', 'genetic disorder']

answer: @entity74 :: (MESH:D030342,Disease) :: ['Serious genetic disorders']


abstract: Melphalan combined with @entity229 (MP) has been accepted as the standard therapy for previously untreated @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) because most studies demonstrate only a modest survival benefit of combination chemotherapy regimens when compared with MP. There have been modest gains with more intensive myeloablative regimens in combination with blood stem cell support, particularly for @entity1 with early primary @entity66 who subsequently achieve partial remission, and for the approximately 25% to 35% of @entity1 achieving complete remission. To preserve the ability to adequately collect stem cells, the use of alkylating agents, such as melphalan, should be limited in the previously untreated @entity1 with @entity1582 (including those older than 65 years of age) who is a candidate for myeloablative therapy. Pulse @entity619 -containing regimens provide rapid responses and may be considered the first regimens of choice. Although @entity1891 / @entity632 / @entity619 (VAD) produces responses in approximately 50% to 70% of @entity1 with previously untreated @entity1582 , use early in the disease has not improved survival. Outside of a specific study protocol, this regimen may be best reserved for @entity1 with refractory (particularly relapsing) disease. Notable exceptions include @entity1 with @entity177 or @entity9865 in whom the rapid responses provided by VAD may avoid potentially permanent, serious complications. Recently, new agents with novel mechanisms of action (ie, @entity2816 , immunomodulatory drugs, proteosome inhibitors) have demonstrated activity in resistant @entity1582 . Because these agents are likely to show activity alone or in combination, newly diagnosed @entity1 and previously untreated @entity1 should be considered for clinical trials. @entity2816 / @entity619 has already produced response rates of 65% to 75% in previously untreated @entity1 . Its ease of administration along with stem cell preservation are likely to make this, followed by myeloablative therapy with stem cell support, the treatment of choice for untreated @entity1582 as confirmatory studies are completed.

title: Newly diagnosed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['refractory disease']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2816 :: ('MESH:D013792', 'Chemical') :: ['Thalidomide', 'thalidomide']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity9865 :: ('MESH:D007952', 'Disease') :: ['plasma cell leukemia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the use of @entity1138 ( @entity1139 ) or bevacizumab ( @entity1493 ) as adjunctive in the needling revision of failed trabeculectomy blebs. METHODS: @entity726 @entity1 with failed trabeculectomy were included. @entity4530 were excluded. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon at the operating room under peribulbar blockade. Rate of success, intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of antiglaucoma drugs in use were compared before and after the procedures. The IOP was measured postoperatively at days 1, 30, 90, and 180. Absolute success was defined as IOP  <=18 mm Hg, without any complication or use of any antiglaucomatous drugs. Qualified success was the same criteria, but with the use of any antiglaucomatous drugs. RESULTS: Twenty-nine eyes of 29 @entity1 were included: 15 eyes with @entity1139 and 14 eyes with @entity1493 . There was no statistical difference in the IOP reduction between the groups ( @entity1139 32.6    16.1% vs @entity1493 30.1    12.0%, p = 0.6).  The @entity1493 group showed similar reduction in the number of antiglaucoma drugs compared to the @entity1139 group (p = 0.6). Absolute success was found in 28.5% of the @entity1493 group and in 6.6% of @entity1 with @entity1139 . Qualified success was found in 64.3% and 73.4%, respectively, both limited to 180 days. CONCLUSIONS: In this selected and limited group of @entity1 , bevacizumab can be considered as an alternative to @entity1139 in the needling revision of failed trabeculectomy. Studies with a larger number of @entity1 and longer follow-up are needed to confirm the hypothesis suggested here.

title: Prospective study comparing XXXX or bevacizumab as adjuvant in trabeculectomy revision by needling.

entities_list: @entity4530 :: ('MESH:D001768', 'Disease') :: ['Cystic blebs']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['Glaucoma']

answer: @entity1138 :: (MESH:D016685,Chemical) :: ['mitomycin C']


abstract: The blockade of @entity4458 ( @entity4458 ) is effective in @entity792 prevention. Recently, a brief period of @entity4458 mAb treatment was reported to induce tolerance and enhancement of @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) regulatory T cell activity. We therefore determined the efficacy of @entity4458 mAb treatment in autoimmunity that resulted from @entity1961 (+) @entity3783 (+) regulatory T cell deficiency. @entity2670 ( @entity2670 ) and oocyte autoantibody response of day 3-thymectomized (d3tx) @entity19 were inhibited by continuous @entity4458 mAb treatment from day 3, or from days 10-14, whereas @entity4458 mAb treatment confined to the neonatal week was ineffective. The enhanced expression of memory markers ( @entity3844 and @entity6232 (low)) on @entity1961 (+) T cells of the d3tx @entity19 was unaffected by @entity4458 mAb treatment. In contrast, their increased T cell activation markers ( @entity26490 and @entity3783 ) were eliminated by @entity4458 mAb treatment. Moreover, ex vivo activated T cells of d3tx @entity19 expressed elevated intracellular @entity60 , and this was also blocked by @entity4458 mAb. The memory T cells, although nonpathogenic in @entity4458 mAb-positive environment, transferred severe @entity2670 to @entity4458 mAb(-) neonatal recipients. Most importantly, @entity4458 mAb treatment inhibited @entity2670 in recipients of T cells from d3tx donors with severe @entity2670 and led to regression of @entity2670 in d3tx @entity19 documented at 4 wk. Therefore, 1) the continuous presence of @entity4458 mAb both prevents and causes regression of @entity2670 in the d3tx @entity19 ; and 2) the multiple steps of the d3tx @entity792 , including T cell activation, cytokine production, T cell-mediated @entity32 , and tissue injury, are @entity4458 dependent.

title: CD40 ligand in pathogenesis of XXXX of day 3-thymectomized @entity19 : implication for CD40 ligand antibody therapy.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['AOD', 'Autoimmune ovarian disease']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['autoimmune ovarian disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic anticancer chemotherapy affects pituitary-testicular hormonal axis in @entity1 and in animals. This study investigated the effects on Leydig cells of three cycles of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 (0.75, 7.5, and 1.5mg/kg, respectively; @entity12962 ) chemotherapy in @entity35 testis. The chemotherapy has induced @entity1373 of and degenerative changes in Leydig cells at the end of @entity12962 exposure, which remained so even after a recovery time of 63 days. The increased testicular oxidative stress at the end of the chemotherapy returned to normal level after the recovery time. The chemotherapy has stimulated the transcription of @entity15090 ( @entity15090 ), @entity24097 ( @entity24097 ), cytochrome P450 @entity165 side-chain cleavage ( @entity7816 ), @entity31018 , and inhibited that of 17b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase ( @entity71789 ) and @entity18946 in association with increased @entity165 and decreased @entity251 levels. Even after the recovery time, the chemotherapy still had inhibitory effects on the transcription of all of the above genes in addition to luteinizing hormone receptor and @entity71790 , but not on the @entity24097 gene. The @entity165 and @entity251 levels also did not show any significant differences with the control group. The decreased @entity251 level at the end of chemotherapy was probably due to inhibition of @entity71790 and @entity71789 genes. In conclusion, clinically relevant dose-levels and treatment protocols of @entity12962 chemotherapy adversely affect Leydig cell function. The @entity12962 chemotherapy inhibits the transcription of steroidogenic enzymes and that these effects sustain over an extended period of time without returning to normal levels.

title: Effects of @entity1732 , @entity2879 and @entity900 treatment on Leydig cell structure and transcription of steroidogenic enzymes in XXXX testis.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity2879 :: ('MESH:D005047', 'Chemical') :: ['etoposide']

entities_list: @entity15090 :: ('25073(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['scavenger receptor class type-B1', 'SCARB1']

entities_list: @entity24097 :: ('25557(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['StAR', 'steroidogenic acute-regulatory protein']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: The morphogenesis of hepatocytes after @entity11659 to recovery through liver cell regeneration has not been fully understood. Sequential biopsies were performed on the native liver of a 22-year-old @entity1 who underwent @entity409 transplantation 1 month after fulminant @entity99 . Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation was successful, and the biopsy samples permitted us to examine the regenerating process of hepatocytes after massive @entity39 . At the time of @entity409 transplantation (postoperative day 0), 95% of hepatocytes were lost and a few ductules were found in the portal areas. The ductules stained with @entity4166 . At postoperative day 7, the ductules began to increase in size and number and became dilated over a period of 1 month, when individual hepatocytes with clear cytoplasm appeared from the ductules. As the differentiation of hepatocytes increased, the expression of @entity4166 was found to decrease. From 2 to 3 months, all of the ductules were transformed into hepatocytes, and they began to form round cell clusters. From 3 to 6 months, the round cell clusters became organized into trabecula with @entity82 . From 6 to 12 months, a lobular architecture was established, and by 14 months, the necrotic liver was fully recovered to normal. This study by examination of sequential biopsies demonstrates the progression of the regenerating process from total @entity99 to complete recovery.

title: Sequential observation of liver cell regeneration after @entity11659 in XXXX transplantation.

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['auxiliary partial orthotopic liver']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis', 'hepatic necrosis']

entities_list: @entity11659 :: ('MESH:D047508', 'Disease') :: ['massive hepatic necrosis']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['auxiliary partial orthotopic liver']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a procedure for establishing treatment guidelines during pregnancy and, as an application of the method, the recommendations for treatment of @entity111 . DESIGN: A preliminary survey was carried out among @entity1 of the study group to determine drug choices for treatment of @entity111 during pregnancy. Literature data on the selected drugs were analyzed. Recommendations for treatment were proposed, taking into account for most efficient agents and the least toxic for the fetus. This draft was submitted to all @entity1 of the study group; criticism and suggestions were gathered. A new draft was evolved and repeatedly submitted to @entity1 until consensus was reached. SETTING: Study group set up in southwestern France, with the help of national experts. @entity1 : Forty-three general practitioners, six gynecologists and/or obstetricians, five pharmacologists, two dermatologists, and an embryologist. RESULTS: The main recommendations for treatment of @entity111 during pregnancy are to begin with topical treatment; emollient bath additives, moisturizing cream, talc. If insufficient, a systemic treatment should be added. @entity8610 are prescribed first: @entity5774 or @entity38206 is used during the first 2 months. From the third month, the same agents can be used, as can @entity40082 . The duration of treatment can be up to 10 days. The group's second choice was @entity1245 ( @entity6720 ) as second-line treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for treatment of diseases during pregnancy are not always well defined. For many common diseases, very few data are available concerning drug use in pregnant @entity1 . The study group, based on consensus among @entity1 , proposed treatment guidelines.

title: Strategy of treatment of XXXX during pregnancy. The Drugs and Pregnancy Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity40082 :: ('MESH:C006069', 'Chemical') :: ['mequitazine']

entities_list: @entity8610 :: ('MESH:D006633', 'Chemical') :: ['Antihistamines']

entities_list: @entity5774 :: ('MESH:D006919', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyzine']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritus']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity38206 :: ('MESH:C018904', 'Chemical') :: ['dexchlorpheniramine']

answer: @entity111 :: (MESH:D011537,Disease) :: ['pruritus']


abstract: @entity2661 act as neurotransmitters and hormones. Studies conducted to understand the synthesis and metabolism of these @entity1154 during stress have been the main concern of many authors. This work proposes to investigate the time course of changes in @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentration in adrenal gland obtained from @entity35 submitted to acute immobilization stress. The results of the present study indicate that acute immobilization stress during 5 and 15 min did not provoke changes in @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in adrenal gland in relation to the control group. Such results are justified due to the short time of the stress, showing that the stress did not provoke physiological alteration. The @entity1425 and @entity1063 concentrations in adrenal gland increased significantly after the immobilization session in stressed groups during 30 and 50 min as compared to control group. This increase probably is due to the emotional component of the immobilization stress. In this way, we suggested that the immobilization stress provoke increase in the biosynthesis of @entity2661 in the adrenal gland from @entity35 . However, the results shows that a maximum increase is reached at 30 min of immobilization stress and then a decrement of @entity2661 levels starts at 50 min of the experimental design. This decline in @entity2661 level may be consequence of adaptation to stress situations, an increase of the activity of the uptake systems and/or metabolization of @entity2661 . In conclusion, these results suggest an effective participation of the adrenal glands to maintain the homeostasis of organism to the stressful conditions.

title: Changes in XXXX and @entity1425 concentrations in adrenal gland of the @entity35 submitted to acute immobilization stress.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines', 'Catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: In @entity329 , socially relevant information is communicated with a form of scent marking known as flank marking. There is substantial evidence that @entity369 - @entity1951 acting on V1a @entity1951 receptors (V1aR) in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) regulates the expression of flank marking. Previous studies have shown that the expression of flank marking is also influenced by the circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones. In hamsters housed in long 'summer-like' photoperiods (i.e. >12.5 h of light/day), castration reduces flank marking and administration of @entity251 restores precastration levels of flank marking. When exposed to short 'winter-like' photoperiods (i.e. <12.5 h of light/day), hamsters undergo gonadal regression and the circulating levels of @entity251 decline. Surprisingly, flank marking induced during social encounters is not reduced in hamsters exposed to short photoperiods despite the low circulating concentrations of @entity251 . In the present study, it was hypothesized that reductions in @entity251 , caused by exposure to short photoperiod, would not reduce the ability of @entity1951 to stimulate flank marking by its actions in the MPOA-AH. The amount of flank marking induced by @entity1951 injected into the MPOA-AH did not significantly differ between hamsters housed in long and short photoperiods; however, short photoperiod-exposed males had significantly less V1aR binding in the MPOA than long photoperiod-exposed males. These results support the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the MPOA-AH to @entity1951 is not reduced in short photoperiod-exposed males, despite decreases in serum @entity251 . However, by contrast to our predictions, short photoperiod-exposed males have significantly reduced V1aR binding in the MPOA-AH compared to long photoperiod-exposed males.

title: Short-photoperiod exposure reduces @entity1951 (V1a) receptor binding but not @entity369 - @entity1951 -induced flank marking in male XXXX .

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

entities_list: @entity1951 :: ('MESH:D014667', 'Chemical') :: ['vasopressin']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['Syrian hamsters']

answer: @entity329 :: (10036,Species) :: ['Syrian hamsters']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity579 bean (Vigna umbellata) root apex specifically secretes @entity3736 through expression activation of Vigna umbellata Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion 1 (VuMATE1) under @entity3775 ( @entity18839 ) stress. However, the underlying mechanisms regulating VuMATE1 expression remain unknown. We isolated and characterized a gene encoding Sensitive to Proton Rhizotoxicity1 (STOP1)-like protein, VuSTOP1, from @entity579 bean. The role of VuSTOP1 in regulating VuMATE1 expression was investigated using the @entity375 one-hybrid assay. We characterized the function of VuSTOP1 in @entity18839   - and @entity8108 -tolerance using in planta complementation assays. We demonstrated that VuSTOP1 has transactivation potential. We found that VuSTOP1 expression is inducible by @entity18839 and @entity8108 stress. However, although VuSTOP1 binds to the promoter of VuMATE1, the inconsistent tissue localization patterns of VuSTOP1 and VuMATE1 preclude VuSTOP1 as the major factor regulating VuMATE1 expression. In addition, when a protein translation inhibitor increased expression of VuSTOP1, VuMATE1 expression was inhibited. In planta complementation assay demonstrated that VuSTOP1 could fully restore expression of genes involved in @entity8108 tolerance, but could only partially restore expression of AtMATE. We conclude that VuSTOP1 plays a major role in @entity8108 tolerance, but only a minor role in @entity18839 tolerance. The differential transcriptional regulation of VuSTOP1 and VuMATE1 reveals a complex regulatory system controlling VuMATE1 expression.

title: Characterization of an inducible C2 H2 -type zinc finger transcription factor VuSTOP1 in @entity579 bean (Vigna umbellata) reveals differential regulation between low pH and XXXX tolerance mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity3775 :: ('MESH:D000535', 'Chemical') :: ['aluminum']

answer: @entity3775 :: (MESH:D000535,Chemical) :: ['aluminum']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Worldwide, there has been a startling increase in the number of @entity1 who are obese or overweight. Obesity increases the risk of @entity65 and overall mortality. Mobile phone messaging is an important means of @entity1 communication globally. Because the mobile phone can be used anywhere at any time, mobile phone messaging has the potential to manage @entity28 . We investigated the effectiveness of a one-way text messaging intervention for @entity28 . METHODS: @entity1 ' body mass index and waist circumference were measured at the beginning of the programme and again after 12 weeks. The text message group received text messages about exercise, dietary intake, and general information about @entity28 three times a week, while the control group did not receive any text messages from the study. RESULTS: Of the 80 @entity1 , 25 subjects in the text message group and 29 @entity1 in the control group completed the study. After adjusting for baseline body mass index, the body mass index was significantly lower in the text message group than in the control group (27.9 vs 28.3; p   =   0.02). After adjusting for the baseline waist circumference, the difference of waist circumference between the text message group and control group was not significant (93.4 vs 94.6; p   =   0.13). DISCUSSION: The one-way text messaging intervention was a simple and effective way to manage @entity28 . The one-way text messaging intervention may be a useful method for lifestyle modification in obese subjects.

title: A one-way text messaging intervention for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'Participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obesity']


abstract: Behaviour of the filtration of red blood cells (rbc) passed through a filter paper was investigated. The rbc were incubated in fractions of blood plasma with different molecular mass (MM). By means of an Amicon membrane XM-50 the separation of plasma from healthy and @entity1381 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was performed into two parts of different molecular sizes one of these was the concentrate (MM more than 50 000 = K) and the other was the ultrafiltrate (MM below 50 000 = UF). By a second step the UF was divided (Amicon membrane UM-50 into an UF1 (MM below 500) and into an UF2 (MM 500 to 50 000). In addition a hemofiltrate (MM below 5 000) was used for the incubation too. This hemofiltrate was made form pooled plasma of healthy and @entity1381 @entity1 , respectively. Rbc was incubated in both different fractions of plasma and hemofiltrate at a temperature of 37 degrees C and for a duration of 60 min. The pH-level and the osmolality were physiological. Under the influence of @entity1381 UF the flexibility of rbc was clearly decreased. The UF1 had the most effect of the decrease of flexibility. Therefore the small substances which are easy dialysable play also an important role in the damage of rbc in the @entity5507 .

title: [Effect of XXXX plasma fractions of different molecular sizes on the filterability of red blood cells].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'children']

answer: @entity1381 :: (MESH:D006463,Disease) :: ['uremic']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Comparisons were made between two groups of anorectic @entity1 , 'non-white' and 'white', on a variety of clinical and social characteristics. METHOD: The study is based on a 34-year long database (1960-93) associated with a national tertiary referral centre. Thirty-six non-white @entity1 meeting DSM-III-R criteria for @entity1278 ( @entity1278 ) and five with 'partial syndrome' are compared with a white group comprising 944 @entity1 with full syndrome. RESULTS: The main finding is clinical similarity between the two groups, extending to social class and pathological patterns of family relationship. The non-whites are shorter in stature (P = 0.004) and report earlier menarche (P = 0.004); they are younger at presentation (P < 0.001), somewhat less emaciated, and practice veganism slightly more commonly; they less often acknowledge sensitivity to 'fatness' (P < 0.003). This sensitivity was exposed later whenever treatment involved substantial @entity1017 . The proportion of non-white cases accepted for assessment has not changed in respect of year of onset (around 6%) for the last 20 years, or year of presentation (around 6-7%) over the last 15 years. There was a tendency for non-white @entity1 to be referred earlier in their illness. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical and background profiles of non-white and white anorectics are generally similar. The numbers arising and presenting have not changed recently. Non-white @entity1 apparently have as ready access as white @entity1 to assessment and treatment by us.

title: XXXX in 'non-white' populations.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['weight gain']

entities_list: @entity1278 :: ('MESH:D000856', 'Disease') :: ['AN', 'anorexia nervosa']

answer: @entity1278 :: (MESH:D000856,Disease) :: ['Anorexia nervosa']


abstract: The incidence and severity of abnormalities of the coronary arteries were evaluated in 35 necropsy @entity1 with @entity1146 and an intact @entity67 . Right ventricular to coronary artery fistulous connections were found in more than 60% of the cases. All @entity1 with fistulous connections had histologic abnormalities of the coronary arteries. In 50% the lesions were mild, with medial and intimal thickening producing up to moderate @entity850 . In 50% there was loss of normal arterial wall structure and severe @entity543 or obliteration of the arterial lumen. The coronary arterial fistulas and histologic abnormalities were prevalent in those with underdevelopment of the tricuspid valve and right ventricular cavity but were not found in @entity1 with a normal or dilated tricuspid valve anulus. The @entity453 were found in more than 80% of @entity1 with a tricuspid valve/mitral valve ratio less than 1. A single coronary artery occurred in 6 @entity1 (17%) of this series. In 80% of those with 1 coronary artery arising from the other, the aberrantly arising coronary artery crossed anteriorly to the pulmonary artery and could be at risk in surgical attempts to reconstruct the right ventricular outflow. Aortography is recommended if the coronary arteries are not clearly delineated on @entity67 .

title: @entity453 in @entity1146 with intact XXXX .

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['luminal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary arterial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cineangiocardiography', 'ventricular septum']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['narrowing']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular septum']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have reported the association of gamma-glutamyltransferase ( @entity53139 ) or ferritin with @entity209 . However, there has been no large population-based study assessing the interrelationship of these two biomarkers and their association with @entity2690 resistance. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the Chinese Liangshan Yi ethnic group. 756 eligible subjects, aged 20 - 74 years, were included. Demographic characteristics, medical history, and lifestyle data were collected through questionnaires. An oral @entity413 tolerance test was performed. Laboratory tests, including @entity53139 and ferritin measurements, were conducted. Spearman's rank-order correlation and multiple linear regression were used to calculate the correlation of @entity53139 with ferritin and their relationship to the @entity2690 resistance index determined by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). RESULTS: A significant correlation between serum @entity53139 and ferritin levels was found (r = 0.393, p < 0.05). @entity53139 was independently correlated with ferritin after adjustment for age, gender, place of residence, education, income, leisure-time physical activity, drinking, smoking, body mass index, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, @entity23109 , @entity10745 , @entity5906 aminotransferase, @entity3929 aminotransferase, total @entity165 , low density lipoprotein- @entity165 , @entity412 , high density lipoprotein- @entity165 , fasting plasma @entity413 , 2-hour postprandial plasma @entity413 , @entity414 , and urinary albumin to @entity1011 ratio (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were established between @entity53139 (standard b = 0.252) or ferritin (standard b = 0.181) after adjustment for multiple confounders (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2690 resistance is associated with elevated serum @entity53139 and ferritin. A combined determination of @entity53139 and ferritin might lead to better predictions in @entity1 with @entity2690 resistance.

title: Serum Gamma-Glutamyltransferase and Ferritin are Related to XXXX Resistance: A Population-Based Study.

entities_list: @entity23109 :: ('MESH:D006514', 'Chemical') :: ['hepatitis B surface antigen']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['anti-hepatitis C virus']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity2690 :: (3630,Gene) :: ['Insulin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on the prognosis of @entity370 . METHOD: There were analysis and comparison on the prognosis of natural course and corticosteroids therapy of 133 @entity1 with @entity370 diagnosed by biopsy pathologic histology follow-up over 4 years. RESULTS: Six of the 7 @entity1 with @entity2194 were cured by oral @entity229 (PRED), and 1 @entity1 receiving intraocular @entity619 lost his sight. In @entity1 with extra- @entity10070 who were not treated, 33 of the 38 cases underwent spontaneous remission, but another 5 cases progressed. Twenty-two of the 26 @entity1 with stage I @entity358 underwent spontaneous remission, 3 progressed, with only one case cured by PRED therapy. In the 55 @entity1 with stage II @entity10070 who received PRED therapy, the chest roentgenogram and lung function were back to normal in 45 cases, but 10 cases failed. One @entity1 with @entity2 without treatment progressed to stage IV. Three @entity1 with stage III @entity10070 were cured by PRED therapy, but III @entity1 with stage IV @entity370 failed to respond to PRED therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic therapy with oral corticosteroids for ocular and stage II approximately III @entity10070 is a curative intervention. @entity288 can relieve symptoms, reduce @entity32 , and improve the prognosis of ocular and @entity10070 .

title: [The effect of therapeutic intervention with XXXX on outcome and prognosis of @entity370 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2194 :: ('MESH:D005128', 'Disease') :: ['ocular sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['stage II pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary disease']

entities_list: @entity370 :: ('MESH:D012507', 'Disease') :: ['sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity10070 :: ('MESH:D017565', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary sarcoidosis']

entities_list: @entity288 :: ('MESH:D000305', 'Chemical') :: ['Corticosteroids']

answer: @entity288 :: (MESH:D000305,Chemical) :: ['corticosteroids']


abstract: The study was undertaken to determine the pharmacokinetic values for half-life, volume of distribution, and clearance for @entity2900 (SCh) based on measurements of the drug in plasma. Three intravenous (i.v.) doses (0.5, 1.0, and 5.0 mg/kg) were compared to study the time course of @entity912 and recovery and to describe the relationship of plasma concentration (Cp) and the pharmacologic effects of SCh in @entity235 . The physiologic response to the neuromuscular blocking drug was monitored using train-of-four stimulation of the left sciatic nerve and recording the response of the corresponding gastrocnemius muscle. Time courses for @entity912 and recovery were monitored, and the results were used to predict the kinetic values for the pharmacologic effects. Blood samples were taken following drug administration for direct pharmacokinetic estimations. SCh determinations were performed using ion-pair extraction, chemical demethylation, and gas chromatography with @entity1568 phosphorous detection. Both kinetic analyses showed the beta half-life for SCh to be approximately 5 min for all doses. SCh has a distribution half-life of less than 1 min. There appears to be a threshold Cp below which neuromuscular function returns. Recovery following SCh induced @entity912 had a rapid onset, but the duration of @entity912 and the rate of recovery were especially prolonged for the 5.0-mg/kg treatment group.

title: Correlation of plasma concentration and effects of @entity2900 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity2900 :: ('MESH:D013390', 'Chemical') :: ['succinylcholine']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity8586 -octapeptide receptor (CCK-R) mRNA, and observe the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA expression in ECV-304. METHODS: The @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV-304 was cultured and treated with LPS in dosage of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L for 2 hours, or treated with LPS in dosage of 1 mg/L for 0.5, 2, 6, 12 hours. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to examine the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA in ECV-304, and to analyse the sequences of the amplification products. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA was significantly upregulated in a dose-dependence manner after incubated with 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/L LPS for 2 hours (all P<0.05). However, the expression of @entity30248 mRNA showed no significant increase,while that of @entity30247 mRNA was increased, after being incubated with 0.01 mg/L LPS. The expressions of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA in the 10 mg/L LPS group showed no significant difference compared with 1 mg/L LPS group (both P>0.05). The expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA was significantly upregulated in a time-dependence manner after incubated with 1 mg/L LPS from 0.5 hour to 2 hours compared with control group (all P<0.05). After incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 6 hours, the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA was significantly decreased compared with 2-hour group, but was still higher than that of control group (both P<0.05). Its expression was decreased further after being incubated with 1 mg/L LPS for 12 hours compared with the 6 hours group (both P<0.05), but showed no significant difference compared with the control group (both P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Both @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA are expressed in ECV-304. LPS can up-regulate the expression of @entity30248 mRNA and @entity30247 mRNA.

title: [The expression of XXXX -octapeptide receptor in vascular endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide].

entities_list: @entity8586 :: ('MESH:D002766', 'Chemical') :: ['cholecystokinin']

answer: @entity8586 :: (MESH:D002766,Chemical) :: ['cholecystokinin']


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity1534 infection in 382 @entity1 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity1 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3621 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3621 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1066 following colloidal @entity26586 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity1534 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity1534 . Seventy four infected @entity1 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4140 (11 @entity1 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity1 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity1 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity1 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity1 ). All @entity1 treated with @entity4140 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity1 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity1 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3621 was observed only in those @entity1 apparently cleared of @entity1534 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity1 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity1534 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of XXXX @entity3621 : a pilot study using @entity4140 ( @entity4140 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity26586 ( @entity26586 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity26586 :: ('MESH:C002791', 'Chemical') :: ['bismuth subcitrate']

entities_list: @entity3621 :: ('MESH:D005756', 'Disease') :: ['gastritis']

entities_list: @entity1534 :: ('210', 'Species') :: ['C pylori', 'Campylobacter pylori']

entities_list: @entity4140 :: ('MESH:D010890', 'Chemical') :: ['pirenzepine']

answer: @entity1534 :: (210,Species) :: ['Campylobacter pylori']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity15 ( @entity15 ) is a chronic @entity17 that affects the central nervous system. Researchers have looked for an association between @entity3780 ( @entity3780 ) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) as risk or protective factor associated to ethnicity, which may add a partial explanation to disease heterogeneity and geographical variations. We described the frequency of the HLA-DR alleles in Mexican Mestizo ( @entity3780 ) @entity1 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We included 143 @entity3780 @entity1 and 377 healthy controls, both Mexican Mestizos. Previous signing informed consent, we record demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity1 . Genetic profile was made, and HLA frequencies in both groups were compared. RESULTS: @entity3780 @entity1 were 39.8% male and 60.2% female, mean age was 35 years. While, controls were 48%male and 52% @entity1 , mean age was 38 years. The most frequent allele found in subjects with @entity3780 was DR 15 (p=0.006, OR=2.2, 95% CI: 1.3-3.6). DR 13 allele was more frequent among healthy subjects than @entity3780 @entity1 (p=0.050) with a protective OR 2.6, (95% CI: 1.3-5.2, p=0.050). CONCLUSION: In our study we found HLA DR 13 was more frequent in healthy controls than in @entity3780 @entity1 , suggesting a protective factor among Mexican Mestizo population.

title: Presence of the HLADR13 allele among Mexican Mestizos suggests a protective factor against relapsing-remitting XXXX ( @entity3780 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity3780 :: ('MESH:D020529', 'Disease') :: ['relapsing-remitting MS', 'RRMS']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['demyelinating disease']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'MS']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: @entity24585 secretion is tightly regulated by extracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]e) and in turn regulates @entity460 homeostasis through its action on target tissues. We investigated the mechanism and physiological significance of intracellular @entity460 ([ @entity141 ]i) levels in relation to the secretion of @entity24585 in single @entity291 parathyroid cells. [ @entity141 ]i was recorded using digital imaging microscopy, and secretion of @entity24585 was correlated in the same cell using the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. In individual parathyroid cells, oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i were present in response to specific stimuli. Like secretory activity, response to [ @entity141 ]e concentrations was heterogeneous. Oscillations of [ @entity141 ]i occurred spontaneously in 22% of cells at inhibitory concentrations of [ @entity141 ]e. Oscillations were present only in high [ @entity141 ]e (> or = 1.8 mM) and not noted at lower concentrations of [ @entity141 ]e. The interval and amplitude of [ @entity141 ]i oscillations were 42 +/- 2 sec, and 20 +/- 1 nM (mean +/- SE), respectively. Oscillations were rapidly abolished when [ @entity141 ]e was removed by EGTA, and this effect was reversible. Addition of Mg2+ or polycationic antibiotics such as @entity5154 resulted in an [ @entity141 ]i spike, but oscillations were absent. @entity3740 , which blocks @entity141 influx through @entity460 channels in various cells, rarely caused oscillations even in the presence of high concentrations of [ @entity141 ]e. To test the role of @entity268 in [ @entity141 ]i oscillations, we added the beta-agonist @entity3044 . The addition of @entity3044 , however, did not cause oscillations. The number of cells that released @entity24585 was significantly lower in cells with oscillations compared with cells without oscillations. We suggest that spontaneous [ @entity141 ]i oscillations are due to the influx of [ @entity141 ]e through ion channels rather than release from [ @entity141 ]i stores and may be a specific intracellular signal associated with inhibition of @entity24585 secretion.

title: Spontaneous oscillations of intracellular @entity460 in single XXXX parathyroid cells may be associated with the inhibition of parathyroid hormone secretion.

entities_list: @entity3740 :: ('MESH:D007811', 'Chemical') :: ['Lanthanum']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cranioplasty is considered as a routine procedure in everyday neurosurgical practice for the @entity1 with @entity129 , however, there is no established consensus on optimal surgical timing. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of early cranioplasty (1-3 months after DC) and late cranioplasty (3-6 months after DC) on the complications and recovery of neurological function in the management of @entity1 who received decompressive craniotomy. METHODS: In this paper, the authors report a systematic review and meta-analysis of operative time, complications and neurological function outcomes on different timing of cranioplasty. Randomized or non-randomized controlled trials of early cranioplasty and late cranioplasty surgery were considered for inclusion. RESULTS: Nine published reports of eligible studies involving 1209 @entity1 meet the inclusion criteria. Compared with late cranioplasty, early cranioplasty had no significant difference in overall complications [RR=1.14, 95%CI (0.83, 1.55), p>0.05], infection rates [RR=0.87, 95%CI (0.47, 1.61), p>0.05], @entity2075 [RR=1.09, 95%CI (0.53, 2.25), p>0.05]; subdural fluid collection [RR=0.47, 95%CI (0.15, 1.41), p>0.05]. However, early CP significantly reduced the duration of cranioplasty [mean difference=-13.46, 95%CI (-21.26, 5.67), p<0.05]. The postoperative @entity1276 rates were significant higher in the early cranioplasty group [RR=2.67, 95%CI (1.24, 5.73), p<0.05]. CONCLUSION: Early CP can only reduce the duration of operation, but cannot reduce the complications of @entity1 and even increase the risk of @entity1276 . More evidence from advanced multi-center studies is needed to provide illumination for the timing selection of CP surgery.

title: Early cranioplasty vs. late cranioplasty for the treatment of XXXX : A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial defect']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

answer: @entity129 :: (MESH:D003389,Disease) :: ['cranial defect']


abstract: Endocrine control of cardiovascular function is probably immature in the preterm @entity1 ; thus, it may contribute to the relative ineffectiveness of current adrenergic treatments for preterm cardiovascular compromise. This study aimed to determine the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to stress in the preterm piglet. Piglets were delivered by cesarean section either preterm (97 of 115 days) or at term (113 days). An additional group of preterm piglets received maternal glucocorticoids as used clinically. Piglets were sedated and underwent @entity519 (4% FiO2 for 20 min) to stimulate a cardiovascular response. @entity551 , skin blood flow, heart rate and plasma levels of @entity1425 , @entity1063 , @entity2178 ( @entity2178 ), angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), and @entity701 were measured. Term piglets responded to @entity519 with vasoconstriction; preterm piglets had a lesser response. Preterm piglets had lower blood pressures throughout, with a delayed blood pressure response to the @entity519 stress compared with term piglets. This immature response occurred despite similar high levels of circulating @entity2661 , and higher levels of @entity2178 compared with term animals. Prenatal exposure to glucocorticoids increased the ratio of Ang-(1-7): @entity2178 . Preterm piglets, in contrast to term piglets, had no increase in @entity701 levels in response to @entity519 . Preterm piglets have immature physiological responses to a @entity519 stress but no deficit of circulating @entity2661 . Reduced vasoconstriction in preterm piglets could result from vasodilator actions of @entity2178 . In glucocorticoid exposed preterm piglets, further inhibition of vasoconstriction may occur because of an increased conversion of @entity2178 to Ang-(1-7).

title: Endogenous angiotensins and XXXX do not reduce skin blood flow or prevent @entity551 in preterm piglets.

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II', 'Ang II']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Arterial blood pressure']

answer: @entity2661 :: (MESH:D002395,Chemical) :: ['catecholamines']