abstract: @entity740 is a major contributor to @entity1 and companion animal morbidity and mortality. Renal complications are sequelae of @entity235 and @entity1 @entity234 ( @entity234 ). Despite the high incidence of @entity281 -mediated @entity631 , little is known about pathogenesis of @entity8 . @entity13556 -infected @entity235 are a naturally occurring model of @entity234 -associated @entity631 . @entity631 type I [24 of 25 (96%)], with interstitial lymphoplasmacytic @entity1310 [23 of 25 (92%)], and glomerular and interstitial @entity82 [12 of 25 (48%)] were predominant lesions. An ultrastructural evaluation of glomeruli from animals with @entity234 identified mesangial cell proliferation and interposition. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated significant @entity13556 antigen, IgG, and C3b deposition in @entity234 @entity235 glomeruli. Asymptomatic and symptomatic @entity235 had increased glomerular @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 and autophagosome-associated microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 associated with @entity8 severity. Transcriptional analyses from symptomatic @entity235 confirmed induction of autophagy and inflammasome genes within glomeruli and tubules. On the basis of temporal @entity234 staging, @entity631 was initiated by IgG and complement deposition. This deposition preceded presence of @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3-associated inflammasomes and increased light chain 3 puncta indicative of autophagosomes in glomeruli from @entity235 with clinical @entity234 and @entity177 . These findings indicate potential roles for inflammasome complexes in @entity8 during @entity234 and autophagy in ensuing cellular responses.

title: Activation of autophagy and @entity4334 -binding domain @entity368 -rich repeat-containing-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 inflammasome during XXXX -associated @entity631 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['VL-associated renal disease', 'glomerular lesion', 'glomerular damage']

entities_list: @entity1310 :: ('MESH:D009393', 'Disease') :: ['nephritis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity234 :: ('MESH:D007898', 'Disease') :: ['VL', 'visceral leishmaniasis']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity13556 :: ('5671', 'Species') :: ['Leishmania infantum', 'Leishmania']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis', 'Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity13556 :: (5671,Species) :: ['Leishmania infantum']


abstract: 1. In helically cut strips of aorta from @entity2515 -treated @entity840 , cumulative concentrations (30 microM, 0.3 mM and 3 mM) of @entity11073 progressively reduced the basal tone of the preparations and relaxed the smooth muscle contracted by 1 microM @entity1063 or by 20 mM K+. 2. The relaxing effect was completely suppressed by tissue pretreatment with @entity859 deaminase (1 U ml-1). 3. Relaxation induced by @entity11073 was not affected by 50 microM @entity3352 or by 0.1 mM @entity14922 and was potentiated by 5 microM @entity5126 . 4. Like @entity11073 , exogenous @entity859 reduced the basal tone of the @entity840 aorta strips and relaxed the preparations contracted by 1 microM @entity1063 or by 20 mM k+ in a concentration-dependent manner. 5. The relaxing activity of exogenous @entity859 was not affected by 50 microM @entity3352 , was potentiated by 5 microM @entity5126 and was partially antagonized by 0.1 mM @entity14922 . 6. These results indicate the involvement of endogenous @entity859 in the relaxing effect of @entity11073 on @entity840 aorta strips, but the specific mechanism of @entity11073 - @entity859 interaction remains to be elucidated.

title: The response of isolated @entity840 aorta to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity859 :: ('MESH:D000241', 'Chemical') :: ['adenosine']

entities_list: @entity2515 :: ('MESH:D012110', 'Chemical') :: ['reserpine']

entities_list: @entity840 :: ('10141', 'Species') :: ['guinea-pig', 'guinea-pigs']

entities_list: @entity14922 :: ('MESH:C028322', 'Chemical') :: ['8-phenyltheophylline']

entities_list: @entity5126 :: ('MESH:D011802', 'Chemical') :: ['quinidine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity11073 :: (MESH:D000676,Chemical) :: ['amrinone']


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is a @entity3774 analog prodrug which is activated when hydrolyzed in the @entity267 and plasma. Latanoprost reduces the intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. Other locally applied medications reduce IOP either by increasing the outflow of fluid through the trabecular drainage system or by reducing the production of fluid in the eye. Latanoprost, which is used topically in the eye at the low dose of 0.005% once daily, has been shown in phase III studies carried out in Scandinavia, the U.K. and the U.S. to be capable of lowering the IOP in @entity1 with @entity1538 and @entity2790 by 35%. This low IOP is maintained over at least a 2-year period. Latanaprost is as effective, or possible slightly more effective than @entity6839 in its pressure reducing effects. Additional pressure reduction can be achieved by adding latanoprost to existing @entity726 medications. Because latanoprost is rapidly metabolized outside the eye, systemic side effects do not occur. Increased iris pigmentation occurs in at least 10% of hazel (but not blue or dark-eyed @entity1 ). So far no ocular problem has occurred because of the increased production of pigment which is not released from the iris. Isolated cases of @entity1103 have occurred, so that anyone complaining of @entity227 while using the drug should be fully investigated.

title: Latanoprost in the treatment of XXXX and @entity2790 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['reduction of vision']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['cystoid macular edema']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F(2alpha)']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['glaucoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics of @entity146 comorbidity in @entity7551 @entity1 . METHOD: The psychological investigation and evaluation were done in 100 @entity7551 @entity1 by using self-reporting inventory 90 (SCL-90). All the results were compared with healthy Chinese population, including factors of gender, age, course of disease and education level, using rank-sum test analysis, SPSS 19.0. RESULT: Mild and moderate levels of @entity716 were respectively noted in 65% and 14%, with high score of somatization (P < 0.05), obsession (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) and other (sleep, diet, P < 0.05) compared with control group. The factor scores of obsession (P < 0.05), @entity148 (P < 0.05) in male group were higher than female group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05) and obsession (P < 0.05) in junior group were higher than senior group. The factor scores of somatization (P < 0.05), interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) and @entity148 (P < 0.05) in long course group were higher than short course group. The factor score of interpersonal sensitivity (P < 0.05) in low educated group was higher than highly educated group. CONCLUSION: @entity146 are prevalent in @entity7551 @entity1 , especially upon the factors of somatization, obsession, interpersonal sensitivity, @entity148 and other (sleep, diet). Male, junior, long course @entity1 and low educated are in high risk group.

title: [ @entity146 in @entity7551 XXXX and its associated factor analysis].

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'Psychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity7551 :: ('MESH:D010612', 'Disease') :: ['pharyngitis']

entities_list: @entity716 :: ('MESH:D011605', 'Disease') :: ['psychosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We recently published analyses regarding the predictive performance of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), for the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of substrate drugs. We now analyze and summarize the predictive performance of PBPK models for the effect of @entity5322 inducers on a substrate's pharmacokinetics. METHODS: This analysis was based on 11 substrate PBPK models, developed by six sponsors, using a commercial PBPK software, with 13 clinical interaction studies. Four @entity5322 inducers were used: @entity1215 , @entity17208 , @entity2049 , and @entity488 . Sponsors either directly used the software-provided inducer models or verified these models' induction magnitude prior to use. The metric for assessing predictive performance was the R predicted/observed value [R predicted/observed  =  (predicted mean exposure ratio)/(observed mean exposure ratio)], with the exposure ratio defined as maximum plasma concentration (C max) or area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) with and without an inducer. RESULTS: In 77  % (10/13; AUCR) and 83  % (10/12; C max R) of the cases, the R predicted/observed values were within 1.25-fold of the observed data. Cases with R predicted/observed values >1.25-fold (>twofold for all three AUCR) were under-predictions as a result of using the PBPK software's default @entity1215 model. Improved predictions were observed when the @entity1215 model was modified by increasing the induction potency. CONCLUSION: Based on submissions to the FDA, and similar to our previous findings for CYP inhibition, we observed good agreement between PBPK-predicted and observed effect of @entity5322 inducers on substrate pharmacokinetics. Verification of the inducer model appears to be crucial for improved predictive performance.

title: Predicting the Effect of XXXX Inducers on the Pharmacokinetics of Substrate Drugs Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling: An Analysis of PBPK Submissions to the US FDA.

entities_list: @entity17208 :: ('MESH:D017828', 'Chemical') :: ['rifabutin']

entities_list: @entity488 :: ('MESH:C098320', 'Chemical') :: ['efavirenz']

entities_list: @entity1215 :: ('MESH:D012293', 'Chemical') :: ['rifampicin']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity5322 :: (1576,Gene) :: ['CYP3A']


abstract: Covalent and reversible post-translational modifications of proteins are a common theme in signaling. Ubiquitin conjugation was originally described to target proteins to proteasomal degradation by ubiquitin polymerization involving @entity376 (K) 48 residues. Differently linked polymers of polyubiquitin have been found that modify proteins without targeting to proteasomal degradation. Instead this pathway creates docking sites for signaling scaffolds that are key to control the @entity1991 ( @entity1991 ) pathway. Indeed @entity71112 , @entity25433 , and @entity71113 are E3 ubiquitin ligases that form K63-linked ubiquitin polymers. Therefore signaling via TNF family receptors, IL1R, IL-18R, T-cell receptor (TCR), and Toll-like receptors (TLR) use this type of post-translational modification. Specific enzymes exist (DUBs) that deactivate this system, degrading K63 polyubiquitin chains. Interestingly, @entity19 deficient in these deubiquitinases develop @entity792 and @entity32 . In @entity105 , the K63 polyubiquitin pathway is possibly critical for @entity5 . The pathway is also critically involved in costimulation of @entity5 immunity/immunotherapy as well as in the biology of malignant cells themselves. The elements of this new signaling paradigm offer the opportunity for therapeutic exploitation and drug discovery.

title: @entity376 63 polyubiquitination in immunotherapy and in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1991 :: ('18033(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['nuclear factor-kappaB', 'NF-kappaB']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'inflammation-driven tumor promotion']

entities_list: @entity376 :: ('CHEBI:25094', 'Chemical') :: ['lysine']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer-promoting inflammation']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background/Aim: We investigated the clinical efficacy of @entity400 ( @entity400 ) with AN69ST hemofilter (AN69ST- @entity400 ) in @entity1 with @entity326 . Materials and Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm study was conducted. @entity1 with @entity295 and @entity1457 defined by hyperlactemia were enrolled. The @entity1 were treated with @entity400 and in accordance with the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines (SSCG). Results: Thirty-four @entity1 were enrolled. On ICU admission, the mean blood @entity650 level was 44,800    77,700 pg/ml, and the mean blood @entity880 level was 69.0    49.4 mg/dl. Both the mean blood @entity650 and @entity880 levels had significantly decreased to normal ranges after 72 h of AN69ST- @entity400 . Though the mean APACHE II score was 32.7    9.8, 28-day survival was 73.5%. Conclusion: The current study suggested that adding AN69ST- @entity400 to the treatments outlined in the SSCG might lead to good outcomes for @entity1 with @entity326 , probably via the removal of cytokines from the bloodstream.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Continuous Hemodiafiltration with a Cytokine-Adsorbing Hemofilter in XXXX with @entity326 : A Preliminary Report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity326 :: ('MESH:D012772', 'Disease') :: ['septic shock']

entities_list: @entity400 :: ('MESH:D014202', 'Disease') :: ['CHDF', 'continuous hemodiafiltration']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity472 shares some ethiopathological features with @entity731 and increasing evidence links Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to atherogenesis. METHODS: TLR-mediated @entity32 and osteogenesis were investigated in @entity1 interstitial cells isolated from stenotic and non-stenotic aortic valves. TLR expression and signalling were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR, flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and cytokine arrays. Osteogenesis was evaluated by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity. RESULTS: Interstitial cells from control valves express most TLRs, being @entity2939 the most abundant, whereas cells from stenotic valves express higher @entity2939 and @entity2938 and lower @entity20040 and @entity6801 transcript levels. When pro-inflammatory pathways were analyzed, we observed that @entity2939 , @entity2938 and @entity6800 ligands induced an early activation of NF-kB and @entity1435 MAPK activation in cells from control and stenotic valves. Strikingly, when TLRs sensing viral patterns were studied, a sustained @entity6800 -mediated activation of NF-kB, a kB-independent induction of catalytically active @entity2247 and @entity2071 expression, and induction of expression of several chemokines were observed. @entity2939 , but not @entity2938 , engagement produced a similar but NF-kB-dependent effect. Moreover, @entity6800 and @entity2939 agonists induced alkaline phosphatase expression and activity. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure of aortic valve interstitial cells to viral and Gram-negative bacteria molecular patterns induces distinct and long-term TLR-mediated pro-inflammatory and pro-osteogenic responses that might be relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity472 .

title: Viral and bacterial patterns induce TLR-mediated sustained XXXX and calcification in aortic valve interstitial cells.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic stenosis', 'degenerative aortic stenosis']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: Many developed countries are faced with the problem of reorganizing their @entity378 -control programme to bring it into line with modern conditions. The study reported was undertaken to provide guidelines for this reorganization. It was begun in the district of Kol  n, Czechoslovakia, with a population of some 100 000, in 1961 and is still in progress. The paper covers the first 4 years of the study.In 1961 a thorough check-up was made on all @entity1 registered as having active or inactive @entity378 , or @entity358 . In 1961 and 1963 a mass X-ray and tuberculin-testing campaign, with 95% coverage, was carried out for all @entity1 over 14 years of age. All @entity1 with active @entity378 received adequate treatment. @entity1 registered as having @entity378 or suspected @entity378 were subjected to regular photofluorographic and bacteriological investigations. Newborn @entity1 were given BCG vaccination, and @entity1 aged 14 years and 19 years with negative tuberculin reactions were vaccinated.The prevalence of bacillary @entity378 fell from 150 cases in 1960 to 91 in 1964, mainly owing to a decrease in the number of chronic cases. The incidence of bacillary @entity378 detectable by direct smear microscopy, however, remained at about 25 cases throughout the period 1961-64. The risk of developing @entity378 was found to be highest in @entity1 with @entity358 or inactive @entity378 , and in @entity1 above 45 years of age and @entity1 above 65 with previously normal photofluorograms.It is concluded from the study that in developed countries priority should be given to adequate treatment of all @entity1 with active @entity378 , and to early diagnosis in @entity1 consulting physicians and in the high-risk population groups.

title: Epidemiological and clinical study of XXXX in the district of Kolin, Czechoslovakia. Report for the first 4 years of the study (1961-64).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'Persons', 'women', 'infants', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['fibrotic lung lesions']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity788 ( @entity788 ) are often treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation (NACRT) in hopes of downstaging their disease for potential surgical resection. We hypothesized that increasing the radiation dose to the area of the @entity5 abutting the vessel(s) of concern would increase the rate of surgical resection in @entity1 with borderline resectable @entity788 (BRPAC) and locally advanced @entity788 (LAPAC) treated with NACRT. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases of BRPAC and LAPAC treated with NACRT from January 2006 to December 2013, with or without a vessel boost (VB), at a single institution. The primary endpoints were rate of R0/R1 potentially curative surgical resection and acute @entity137 . Univariate analysis with the Fisher exact test was performed to evaluate the effect of each variable. Multiple logistic regression was used to adjust for the following covariates: year of diagnosis, age, sex, @entity1735 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level at diagnosis, and BRPAC or LAPAC. RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity1 identified, 22% (n = 23) received a VB (median, 54 Gy; range, 54-64 Gy), and 78% (n = 81) received no boost (median, 50.4 Gy; range, 48.6-52.2 Gy). More @entity1 in the VB group were treated from 2010 to 2013 (P < .001) and with intensity modulated radiation therapy (P = .002). Other baseline characteristics were balanced. After adjustment for covariates, there was a statistical trend toward increased surgical resection in @entity1 who received a VB (odds ratio [OR], 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-8.57; P = .077). Age (>= 70 years; OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.16-1.05; P = .064) and LAPAC (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.09-1.09; P = .068) also trended toward significance. CA19-9 >= 47.9 U/mL (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.08-0.71; P = .010) was significant on multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference in acute or late @entity137 between groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our retrospective series, dose escalation was associated with an improved surgical resection rate in BRPAC and LAPAC @entity1 treated with NACRT, although this improvement was not statistically significant.

title: Dose escalation with a vessel boost in XXXX treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['PAC', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic adenocarcinoma']


abstract: An 11-year-old @entity1 was evaluated for mild periodic @entity425 exacerbated on separate occasions by @entity7306 and @entity1818 . He and his mother both had bidirectional ventricular tachydysrhythmia (BVT), @entity851 , @entity4242 , and @entity7731 . The mother, but not the @entity1 , had @entity8525 . The two antiarrhythmic drugs worsened the @entity425 without benefiting the @entity943 . @entity972 loading produced skeletal @entity425 and transient conversion of the BVT to normal sinus rhythm. @entity1371 aggravated the BVT without causing @entity425 . @entity3791 had no effect. The @entity1 suffered a nonfatal @entity1167 after several days of increased @entity1735 intake. @entity2645 controlled the @entity943 without inducing @entity425 . @entity912 should be considered as the diagnosis in @entity1 with BVT, a potentially fatal condition.

title: Potentially fatal XXXX and hyperkalemic periodic @entity912 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'child', 'children', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['Potassium']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['dysrhythmia', 'cardiac dysrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity3791 :: ('MESH:D000086', 'Chemical') :: ['Acetazolamide']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['muscular weakness', 'muscle weakness', 'weakness']

entities_list: @entity7731 :: ('MESH:C536852', 'Disease') :: ['clinodactyly']

entities_list: @entity8525 :: ('MESH:D009222', 'Disease') :: ['lingual myotonia']

entities_list: @entity7306 :: ('MESH:D004206', 'Chemical') :: ['disopyramide phosphate']

entities_list: @entity2645 :: ('MESH:D007099', 'Chemical') :: ['Imipramine']

entities_list: @entity4242 :: ('MESH:D008831', 'Disease') :: ['microcephaly']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity1818 :: ('MESH:D011342', 'Chemical') :: ['procainamide']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['Hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['Periodic paralysis']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['cardiac dysrhythmia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The literature investigating pancreatic invasive @entity4929 ( @entity4929 ) has largely come from small institutional studies, preventing adequately powered comparisons of adjuvant therapy versus surgery alone (SA) within specific @entity1 subgroups. METHODS: @entity1 with resected, stage I through IV, invasive @entity4929 and conventional @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) were identified in the National @entity5 Data Base (1998-2010). Cox modeling of @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 was used to compare @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) between @entity1 who received adjuvant therapy and those who underwent SA. A second model was used to compare @entity1349 between @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 and those with @entity1124 . RESULTS: For the 1220 @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 , the median @entity1349 was 28.9 months; the 1-year and 5-year actuarial survival rates were 76% and 17%, respectively; and 47% received adjuvant therapy. Cox modeling associated SA with worse @entity1349 (hazard ratio, 1.36; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.58; P   =   .00005) as well as American Joint Committee on @entity5 (AJCC) TNM stage III/IV disease, positive lymph node status, positive margins, and poor @entity5 differentiation (all P    <=   .05). In addition, Cox modeling stratified by the following characteristics demonstrated improved @entity1349 with adjuvant therapy: AJCC TNM stage II or III/IV, positive lymph node status, positive margins, and poorly differentiated @entity5 . There was no survival advantage from adjuvant therapy for @entity1 who had AJCC TNM stage I or lymph node-negative disease. @entity1 who had invasive @entity4929 had improved risk-adjusted @entity1349 compared with those who had @entity1124 (hazard ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.78; P   <   .00001). CONCLUSIONS: Invasive @entity4929 appears to be more indolent than conventional @entity1124 . Adjuvant therapy is associated with improved @entity1349 compared with SA in @entity1 with invasive @entity4929 , especially for those with higher stage disease, positive lymph nodes, positive margins, or poorly differentiated @entity5 . Conversely, this benefit does not extend to @entity1 with stage I or lymph node-negative disease. @entity5 2016;122:521-533.    2015 American @entity5 Society.

title: The efficacy of adjuvant therapy for pancreatic invasive XXXX ( @entity4929 ).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4929 :: ('MESH:C565310', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm', 'IPMN']

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity4929 :: (MESH:C565310,Disease) :: ['intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine an effective diagnostic method of detecting all cases of @entity66 in @entity1 referred for gastroscopy without performing routine duodenal biopsy. DESIGN: An initial retrospective cohort of @entity1 attending for gastroscopy was analysed to derive a clinical decision tool that could increase the detection of @entity66 without performing routine duodenal biopsy. The tool incorporated serology (measuring antibodies to @entity8265 ) and stratifying @entity1 according to their referral symptoms ( @entity1 were classified as having a "high risk" or "low risk" of @entity66 ). The decision tool was then tested on a second cohort of @entity1 attending for gastroscopy. In the second cohort all @entity1 had a routine duodenal biopsy and serology performed. SETTING: Teaching hospital in Sheffield. @entity1 : 2000 consecutive adult @entity1 referred for gastroscopy recruited prospectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Evaluation of a clinical decision tool using @entity1 ' referral symptoms, @entity8265 antibody results, and duodenal biopsy results. RESULTS: No cases of @entity66 were missed by the pre-endoscopy testing algorithm. The prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1 attending for endoscopy was 3.9% (77/2000, 95% confidence interval 3.1% to 4.8%). The prevalence in the high risk and low risk groups was 9.6% (71/739, 7.7% to 12.0%) and 0.5% (6/1261, 0.2% to 1.0%). The prevalence of @entity66 in @entity1 who were negative for @entity8265 antibody was 0.4% (7/2000). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for a positive antibody result to diagnose @entity66 was 90.9%, 90.9%, 28.6%, and 99.6%, respectively. Evaluation of the clinical decision tool gave a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100%, 60.8%, 9.3%, and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-endoscopy serological testing in combination with biopsy of high risk cases detected all cases of @entity66 . The use of this decision tool may enable the endoscopist to target @entity1 who need a duodenal biopsy.

title: Pre-endoscopy serological testing for XXXX : evaluation of a clinical decision tool.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['coeliac disease']

entities_list: @entity8265 :: ('7052', 'Gene') :: ['tissue transglutaminase']

answer: @entity66 :: (MESH:D004194,Disease) :: ['coeliac disease']


abstract: @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 (TML) have medium- and long-chain @entity1718 in the same molecule. The effects of dietary TML on serum lipid levels and body fat were studied in six young @entity1 belonging to a university rowing club. A double-blind crossover study was performed in which for 3 wk the subjects ingested a liquid diet containing 20 g/d of @entity1460 oil or TML in addition to their regular diets. Throughout the study, they were asked to keep their usual lifestyle, including diet and physical activity. The body composition of the subjects was measured weekly. Blood samples were taken at 0, 2, and 3 wk of each treatment period. There was no significant difference in energy intake between the @entity1460 oil diet period and the TML diet period. The rate of variation of serum @entity1674 concentration was significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. The rate of variation of body fat mass was also significantly lower after a consumption of the TML liquid diet for 3 wk compared with the @entity1460 oil liquid diet. However, the serum @entity165 concentration did not change significantly during either dietary treatment. These results suggest that TML, compared with @entity1460 oil, may have the potential to prevent @entity2298 and @entity28 caused by consumption of a high-fat diet.

title: Effect of @entity1674 containing medium- and long-chain @entity1718 on serum XXXX levels and body fat in college athletes.

entities_list: @entity2298 :: ('MESH:D015228', 'Disease') :: ['hypertriglyceridemia']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol', 'Triacylglycerols']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1674 :: (MESH:D014280,Chemical) :: ['triacylglycerol']


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between several physical fitness parameters and eyesight divided into 3 grades in @entity227 @entity1 and young male adults, and to investigate the effect of mild exercise training on physical and @entity1109 as well as @entity410 . Four subjects were @entity1939 ( @entity1939 ), 6 were semi-blind (SB) and 27 had amblyopia (AM). Physical fitness tests consisted of maximal @entity26 uptake (Vo2max), maximal pedalling speed and power, maximal stepping rate, and isometric knee extension strength. Compared with AM and SB groups, the @entity1939 group was inferior in all physical fitness parameters. Especially, Vo2max, in @entity1939 (26 ml.kg-1. @entity1009 ) was about 56% of that in age-matched Japanese sighted subjects and was significantly low compared with the AM and SB groups. Both muscle strength and maximal pedalling power corresponded to about 50% that of the age-matched sighted group. Six SB and 4 @entity1939 students (mean = 17.7 years) were trained for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 50% VO2max. Training was undertaken for 3 days per week and maintained for 60 min per session. After training, physical and @entity1109 determined by the Cornell Medical Index improved significantly. These results indicate that low physical work capacity in @entity227 @entity1 and young male adults is due to the lack of physical activity, and that mild endurance training is effective in improving physical and @entity1109 as well as @entity410 .

title: Physical work capacity and effect of endurance training in XXXX @entity1 and young male adults.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visually handicapped']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['psychic symptoms']

entities_list: @entity1939 :: ('MESH:D001766', 'Disease') :: ['totally blind', 'TB']

answer: @entity227 :: (MESH:D014786,Disease) :: ['visually handicapped']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-12 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that mediates T-helper type 1 responses and cytotoxic T-cell activation, contributing to its utility as anti- @entity5 agent. Systemic administration of IL-12 often results in unacceptable @entity137 ; therefore, strategies to direct delivery of IL-12 to @entity5 are under investigation. The objective of this study was to assist the preclinical development of NHS-IL12, an immunocytokine consisting of an antibody, which targets @entity5 regions, linked to IL-12. Specifically this study sought to evaluate the safety, serum pharmacokinetics, anti- @entity5 activity, and immune modulation of NHS-IL12 in @entity235 with naturally occurring @entity5 . METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A rapid dose-escalation study of NHS-IL12 administered subcutaneously to @entity235 with @entity320 was conducted through the Comparative Oncology Trials Consortium (COTC). Eleven @entity235 were enrolled in four dose-escalation cohorts; thereafter, an additional seven @entity235 were treated at the defined tolerable dose of 0.8 mg/m2. The expanded cohort at this fixed dose (ten @entity235 in total) was accrued for further pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics assessment. NHS-IL12 levels, serum cytokine concentrations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell characterization (post-treatment) and draining lymph node immune profiling, and @entity5 biopsies (pre- and post-treatment) were collected. Adverse events included @entity882 , liver enzymopathies, fever, and @entity1333 . Correlation between interferon (IFN)-y induction, adverse events, and NHS-IL12 exposure (maximum concentration and area under the concentration-time curve) were dose-dependent. Serum @entity14121 levels and intratumoral CD8+ populations increased after treatment. Partial responses, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria, were observed in two @entity235 treated with NHS-IL12 0.8 mg/m2 and 1.6 mg/m2. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: NHS-IL12 was administered safely to @entity235 with @entity320 and both immunologic and clinical activity was observed. This study successfully defined a narrow therapeutic window for systemic delivery of NHS-IL12 via the subcutaneous route. Results will inform the design and implementation of first-in- @entity1 clinical trials of NHS-IL12 in @entity5 @entity1 .

title: Defining the Pharmacodynamic Profile and Therapeutic Index of NHS-IL12 Immunocytokine in @entity235 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Solid Tumors', 'necrotic tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['Malignant Melanoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mechanisms behind the emergence of brown adipocyte-like (brite or beige) adipocytes within @entity1386 ( @entity1386 ) are of interest. @entity995 protein gene (Rb) haploinsufficiency associates in @entity19 with improved metabolic regulation linked to a greater capacity for @entity844 oxidation and thermogenesis in @entity1386 . We aimed to explain a feasible mechanism of @entity1386 -to-BAT remodeling in this model. Differentiated primary adipocytes and @entity17776 -positive preadipocytes derived from adipose depots of Rb(+/-) @entity19 and wild-type siblings were compared. Primary white Rb(+/-) adipocytes displayed under basal conditions increased @entity413 uptake and an enhanced expression of brown adipocyte-related genes ( @entity12097 , @entity7111 , @entity34616 , @entity10350 , @entity4063 ), but not of purported beige/brite transcriptional markers ( @entity23918 , @entity72620 , @entity26385 , @entity55986 , @entity72621 , @entity39065 ). Lack of induction of beige markers phenocopied results in @entity1386 of adult Rb(+/-) @entity19 . Flow cytometry analysis evidenced an increased number of preadipocytes in @entity1386 depots of Rb(+/-) @entity19 . @entity17776 (+) preadipocytes from @entity1386 of Rb(+/-) @entity19 displayed increased gene expression of several transcription factors common to the brown and beige adipogenic programs ( @entity10350 , @entity12097 , @entity7111 ) and of receptors of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); however, amongst the recently proposed beige markers, only @entity26385 was upregulated. Adult Rb(+/-) @entity19 had increased circulating levels of @entity17736 . These results indicate that preadipose cells resident in @entity1386 depots of Rb(+/-) @entity19 retain an increased capacity for brown-like adipogenesis that appears to be different from beige adipogenesis, and suggest that the contribution of these precursors to the Rb(+/-) adipose phenotype is driven, at least in part, by interaction with @entity17736 pathways. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Cell-Autonomous Brown-Like Adipogenesis of Preadipocytes from @entity995 Haploinsufficient XXXX .

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1386 :: ('MESH:D018205', 'Disease') :: ['white adipose tissue', 'WAT']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['Retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['Mice']


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a family pedigree with a previously undescribed association of autosomal dominantly @entity2788 . METHODS: Case series study performed on 15 family members. Examination included history taking, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp, gonioscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy (10 members), @entity941 angiography (5 members), general examination and renal ultrasound (4 members), and hemoglobin electrophoresis for the proband and another member. RESULTS: Family pedigree revealed @entity74 . Visual acuity ranged from 6/36 to no light perception. Examination revealed @entity735 and @entity5066 bulbi in 11 eyes. Indirect ophthalmoscopy for 11 eyes revealed evidence of an ocular triad of peripheral @entity2530 , disk anomaly (cavitary @entity1781 or @entity1797 ), and tessellated fundus of @entity1714 . The authors also observed new vessels elsewhere with or without extensive subretinal exudations in 6 eyes. All @entity1 with any residual vision (up to perception of light) had @entity346 . Four affected members underwent general examination, renal ultrasound, and serum @entity1011 level (to exclude @entity18241 ), and all were normal. Hemoglobin electrophoresis (to exclude @entity3458 ) revealed within normal values. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, the aforementioned ocular triad has not been previously described, in association, with an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance.

title: PERIPHERAL AVASCULAR RETINA WITH DISK ANOMALY AND HIGH MYOPIA: A Novel Association in a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disk dysplasia']

entities_list: @entity18241 :: ('MESH:C537168', 'Disease') :: ['papillorenal syndrome']

entities_list: @entity3458 :: ('MESH:D000755', 'Disease') :: ['sickle cell retinopathy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['rubeosis in 7 eyes']

entities_list: @entity2788 :: ('MESH:D015785', 'Disease') :: ['inherited ocular abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic disk anomaly']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal-dominant inheritance']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity346 :: ('MESH:D009759', 'Disease') :: ['nystagmus']

entities_list: @entity1714 :: ('MESH:D009216', 'Disease') :: ['high myopia']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular retina']

answer: @entity2788 :: (MESH:D015785,Disease) :: ['Hereditary Isolated Ocular Disorder']


abstract: The management of small pulmonary artery in @entity215 ( @entity215 ) with @entity1146 ( @entity1146 ) is complicated. Our strategy is palliative right ventricle outflow tract reconstruction (RVOTR). The aim of this study is to determine whether palliative RVOTR is useful as the first stage operation. Since 1994, 7 @entity1 with @entity215 , @entity1146 and @entity2150 pulmonary arteries underwent palliative RVOTR. All @entity1 survived operation without complication except for 1. He had @entity2849 at right ventricular outflow patch requiring aneurysmectomy and re-RVOTR 1.5 months after the initial RVOTR. Nine months after RVOTR in the average, pulmonary artery index (PAI) increased from 139 +/- 87 to 306 +/- 156 (p < 0.05). No @entity1 had pulmonary high flow or @entity120 . Two of them had pulmonary coractation due to ductal tissue in the pulmonary artery, necessitating additional modified Blalock-Taussig shunts at 8 and 10 months old. One @entity1 with @entity215 , @entity1146 , major @entity2009 (MAPCA) had corrective surgery after 2 additional operations and interventional catheterization. Five @entity1 of this series already have undergone corrective surgery, whereas 1 is waiting for it. RVOTR is a useful method for pulmonary artery growth in @entity1 with @entity215 , @entity1146 and diminutive pulmonary artery.

title: [Palliative right ventricle outflow reconstruction in @entity215 with @entity1146 and XXXX pulmonary artery].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2009 :: ('MESH:C537782', 'Disease') :: ['aorto-pulmonary collateral artery']

entities_list: @entity215 :: ('MESH:D013771', 'Disease') :: ['TOF', 'tetralogy of Fallot']

entities_list: @entity2150 :: ('MESH:D000741', 'Disease') :: ['hypoplastic']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1146 :: ('MESH:D018633', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary atresia', 'PA']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm']

answer: @entity2150 :: (MESH:D000741,Disease) :: ['hypoplastic']


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: Previous studies have shown that diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DW-CMR) is highly sensitive to replacement @entity82 of chronic @entity583 . Despite this sensitivity to @entity583 , DW-CMR has not been established as a method to detect @entity296 . We propose the application of a recently developed DW-CMR technique to detect @entity296 in @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) @entity1 and compare its performance with established CMR techniques. METHODS: @entity1121 @entity1 (N   =   23) were recruited and scanned with the following protocol: standard morphological localizers, DW-CMR, extracellular volume (ECV) CMR, and late @entity2287 enhanced (LGE) imaging for reference. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ECV maps were segmented into 6 American Heart Association (AHA) segments. Positive regions for @entity296 were defined as: ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms and ECV   >   30  %. Fibrotic and non-fibrotic mean ADC and ECV values were compared as well as ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity82 burden. In addition, @entity82  regional detection was compared between ADC and ECV calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) using ECV as the gold-standard reference. RESULTS: ADC (2.4        0.2   m(2)/ms) of fibrotic regions (ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ADC (1.5        0.2   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. Similarly, ECV (35        4  %) of fibrotic regions (ECV   >   30  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (26        2  %) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ECV, ADC (2.2        0.3   m(2)/ms) was again significantly (p   <   0.05) higher than ADC (1.6        0.3   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ADC criterion, ECV (34        5  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (28        3  %) in non-fibrotic regions. ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity82 burdens were in substantial agreement (intra-class correlation   =   0.83). Regional detection between ADC and ECV of diffuse @entity82 yielded substantial agreement (k   =   0.66) with high sensitivity, specificity, @entity2286 , NPV, and accuracy (0.80, 0.85, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively). CONCLUSION: DW-CMR is sensitive to @entity296 and is capable of characterizing the extent of @entity82 in @entity1121 @entity1 .

title: Contrast-free detection of @entity296 in @entity1121 XXXX with diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse myocardial fibrosis', 'myocardial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2287 :: ('MESH:D005682', 'Chemical') :: ['gadolinium']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the structure-function relationship between disc margin-based rim area (DM-RA) obtained with confocal scanning laser tomography (CSLT), Bruch's membrane opening-based horizontal rim width (BMO-HRW), minimum rim width (BMO-MRW), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) obtained with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and @entity227 . METHODS: We examined 151 @entity726 @entity1 with CSLT, SD-OCT, and standard automated perimetry on the same day. Optic nerve head (ONH) and RNFL with SD-OCT were acquired relative to a fixed coordinate system (acquired image frame [AIF]) and to the eye-specific fovea-BMO center (FoBMO) axis. @entity227 were mapped to ONH and RNFL sectors with fixed Garway-Heath (VFGH) and @entity1 -specific (VFPS) maps customized for various biometric parameters. RESULTS: Globally and sectorally, the structure-function relationships between DM-RA and VFGH, BMO-HRWAIF and VFGH, and BMO-HRWFoBMO and VFPS were equally weak. The R(2) for the relationship between DM-RA and VFGH ranged from 0.1% (inferonasal) to 11% (superotemporal) whereas that between BMO-HRWAIF and VFGH ranged from 0.1% (nasal) to 10% (superotemporal). Relatively stronger global and sectoral structure-function relationships with BMO-MRWAIF and with BMO-MRWFoBMO were obtained. The R(2) between BMO-MRWAIF and VFGH ranged from 5% (nasal) to 30% (superotemporal), whereas that between BMO-MRWFoBMO and VFPS ranged from 5% (nasal) to 25% (inferotemporal). The structure-function relationship with RNFLT was not significantly different from that with BMO-MRW, regardless of image acquisition method. CONCLUSIONS: The structure-function relationship was enhanced with BMO-MRW compared with the other neuroretinal rim measurements, due mainly to its geometrically accurate properties.

title: Enhanced Structure-Function Relationship in XXXX With an Anatomically and Geometrically Accurate Neuroretinal Rim Measurement.

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual field sensitivity', 'Visual field locations']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

answer: @entity726 :: (MESH:D005901,Disease) :: ['Glaucoma']


abstract: The gene encoding proglucagon is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and intestine. The physiological importance of glucagon secreted from the islets of Langerhans has engendered considerable interest in the molecular control of proglucagon gene transcription in the endocrine pancreas. In contrast, little is known about the molecular control of proglucagon gene expression in the intestine. The recent demonstration that @entity20647 ( @entity20647 ) secreted from the intestine is a potent regulator of insulin secretion and @entity413 homeostasis has stimulated renewed interest in the factors that control @entity20647 synthesis in the intestinal L-cell. To develop a model for the analysis of intestinal proglucagon gene expression, we have targeted expression of a proglucagon gene- @entity2235 large T-antigen fusion gene to enteroendocrine cells in @entity19 . These @entity19 develop @entity4056 that were used to derive a novel cell line, designated GLUTag, that expresses the proglucagon gene and secretes immunoreactive @entity20647 in vitro. GLUTag cells demonstrate morphological characteristics of enteroendocrine cells by electron microscopy and are plurihormonal, as shown by immunocytochemistry and RNA analyses. GLUTag cells express the proglucagon and cholecystokinin genes, consistent with the pattern of lineage-specific enteroendocrine differentiation described for @entity19 intestine. Proglucagon gene expression was induced by activators of the protein kinase-A pathway, and a combination of messenger RNA half-life and nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that the protein kinase-A-induction is mediated by an increase in proglucagon gene transcription. In contrast, activators of protein kinase-C stimulated secretion, but not biosynthesis of the PGDPs in GLUTag cell cultures. Analysis of proglucagon processing in GLUTag cells demonstrated the liberation of glucagon, oxyntomodulin, @entity54218 , and multiple forms of @entity20647 . These observations provide evidence for the direct induction of proglucagon gene transcription by a @entity268 -dependent pathway and suggest that the GLUTag cell line represents a useful model for the analysis of the molecular determinants of enteroendocrine gene expression.

title: Activation of proglucagon gene transcription by protein kinase-A in a novel XXXX enteroendocrine cell line.

entities_list: @entity54218 :: ('MESH:D053771', 'Chemical') :: ['glicentin']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mouse']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) were designed for permanent implant, but we began their use for bridge-to-transplant (BTTx) to study their safety and effectiveness. We review our experience in order to compare the BTTx lessons learned with the outcomes and goals of permanent implants. METHODS: From December 1991 until January 2002, 264 @entity1 received 277 LVADs for BTTx. We analyzed temporal trends in pre- @entity1002 @entity1 factors and device-specific time-related complications. RESULTS: Survival to transplant was 69%. Adverse event analysis demonstrated a high risk of @entity281 (0.56, 1.28, and 1.88 per @entity1 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months). HeartMate devices were more prone to @entity281 than Novacor devices (p < 0.0001). @entity385 occurred less commonly than @entity281 (0.15, 0.25, 0.30 at 30 days and 3 and 6 months), were more common in Novacor than HeartMate (p = 0.0001), and were decreased by the new Novacor Vascutek conduit (p = 0.07), but these were still slightly higher than the HeartMate (p = 0.04). @entity177 occurred in 21 instances (all but one were in HeartMate devices [p = 0.04 vs Novacor]), but have significantly decreased (p < 0.0001) in HeartMate since 1998. CONCLUSIONS: Infections and device durability limit the chronic use of the HeartMate device, but device failures are decreasing. Novacor has fewer problems with @entity281 and durability, and the new Vascutek conduit will reduce, but not eliminate, @entity64 .

title: Do @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) bridge-to-transplantation outcomes predict the results of permanent XXXX implantation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Device failures']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['Cerebral infarctions']

answer: @entity1002 :: (MESH:D018487,Disease) :: ['LVAD']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To establish a community health care system for screening community-dwelling older @entity1 with @entity73 ( @entity73 ) and early diagnosis by a medical specialist. METHODS: Out of all the elderly residents aged 65 years and over living in Yoita town in 2000 (n = 1673), 1544 participated in the interview survey held at community halls or at home (92.3% response). They underwent a Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) for assessment of cognitive function and answered questionnaires covering socio-demographic, psychological, physical and medical, and social activity items (2000/11). We defined @entity73 as an MMSE < or = 1 SD below the age-specific mean (n = 371). Out of a total eligible population of 332, 158 pairs of subjects and their proxies participated in a follow-up survey (2001/11). The subjects themselves underwent MMSE again, and were asked for complaints of memory-related problems. Proxies answered about functional capacity and memory-related problems of subjects, for which we assessed the level of @entity303 with the Clinical @entity303 Rating (CDR). We established criteria for encouragement to undergo detailed examination by a medical specialist as follows. 1) MMSE scores < or = 1 SD below age-specific means at both baseline and follow-up surveys, or 2) CDR > or = 0.5, and 3) not due to @entity1032 . RESULTS: Non- @entity1 had significant higher MMSE scores but were younger in the follow-up survey. Out of 96 subjects eligible for the detailed examination, 47 @entity1 showed a tendency for older age with lower MMSE scores or younger age with higher MMSE scores than the average in the follow-up survey. The detailed examinations confirmed @entity303 of @entity195 in 22 and @entity1294 in 13 on DSM-IV or magnetic resonance imaging. During our screening, 8 community care saloons were opened and the number of facilities for older @entity1 with @entity73 is increasing. CONCLUSIONS: To establish a community health care system to screen and cope with community-dwelling older @entity1 with @entity73 in earlier stages, increased awareness of residents with slight @entity73 is especially important. Our attempt also suggested the importance of educational lectures, methods for testing cognitive function, and @entity303 care activity.

title: [Toward constructing a system for detecting and coping with XXXX in early stages among community-dwelling older @entity1 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'people']

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['mental retardation']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['Dementia', 'dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['mild cognitive decline', 'MCD', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity1294 :: ('MESH:D015140', 'Disease') :: ['vascular dementia']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ["Alzheimer's type"]

answer: @entity195 :: (MESH:D000544,Disease) :: ['senile dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The impaired @entity410 ( @entity410 ) status is a hallmark in @entity28 individuals, especially in @entity1 around the world. Some field tests have been proposed to evaluate functional capacity in this population. The Six-Minute Step Test (6MST) could be a feasible alternative to @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) if the resources and space are limited. However, an optimal performance cutoff using the 6MST as well as predictive equations of metabolic and cardiovascular responses to @entity1167 from 6MST data have to not been established. AIM: To assess the 6MST accuracy to determinate @entity410 and its ability to predict peak @entity26 consumption (VO2) and @entity299 ( @entity299 ) achieved during @entity1167 in @entity28 @entity1 . DESIGN: Observational and cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was performed at a Physiotherapy Department of a public University and enrolled individuals from the community. POPULATION: Fifty-six @entity28 @entity1 (35  7 years old). METHODS: Subjects underwent a clinical evaluation, @entity1167 , and the 6MST. We applied Bland-Altman plots to assess concurrent validity between exercise tests regarding peak VO2 and @entity299 . Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis assessed the predictive accuracy of the 6MST; specifically the ability to predict peak VO2 and @entity299 achieved during @entity1167 . Significance level was P<0.05. RESULTS: There was a satisfactory concurrent validity between the @entity1167 and 6MST, with a mean difference of 5.1  3.6 mL  kg-1  @entity1009 and 23  13 bpm in relation to peak VO2 and @entity299 , respectively. The 6MST demonstrated moderate accuracy in predicting @entity1167 responses (area under the curve: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.83). The number of step cycles and peak @entity299 during the 6MST explained 31% and 39% of the total variance in peak VO2 and @entity299 obtained during @entity1167 , respectively. CONCLUSION: The 6MST is accurate to discriminate @entity28 @entity1 with an adequate @entity410 from @entity1 with a poor status and it can predict metabolic and cardiovascular maximal exercise values. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Our findings indicate the 6MST is a simple and inexpensive functional evaluation tool and may be a valid means of assessing @entity410 in @entity28 @entity1 , particularly in clinical settings where space and resources are limited.

title: The six-minute step test as a predictor of @entity410 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'sedentary obese']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart rate', 'HR']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary exercise testing', 'CPX']

answer: @entity28 :: (MESH:D009765,Disease) :: ['obese']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although extracellular @entity2036 have been shown to confer mitogenic effects in cultured @entity35 mesangial cells through activation of purinergic P2 receptors (P2Y receptors), thus far the in vivo relevance of these findings is unclear. Virtually all cells and in particular the dense granules of platelets contain high levels of @entity2036 that are released upon cell injury or @entity1423 . In experimental mesangial proliferative @entity631 in the rat (anti- @entity18715 model), mesangiolysis and glomerular @entity1423 are followed by a pronounced mesangial cell (MC) proliferative response leading to @entity8 . Therefore, we examined the role of extracellular @entity2036 and their corresponding receptors in @entity377 -stimulated cultured mesangial cells and in @entity8 using the P2 receptor antagonist PPADS. METHODS: The effects of @entity38557 on @entity377 - or fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated proliferation of cultured MC were measured by cell counting and @entity665 incorporation assay. After induction of the anti- @entity18715 model, @entity35 received injections of the P2-receptor antagonist PPADS at different doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg BW). Proliferating mesangial and non-mesangial cells, mesangial cell activation, matrix accumulation, influx of inflammatory cells, mesangiolysis, microaneurysm formation, and renal functional parameters were assessed during anti- @entity18715 disease. P2Y-mRNA and protein expression was assessed using RT-PCR and real time PCR, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In cultured mesangial cells, PPADS inhibited @entity377 , but not FCS-stimulated proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In the anti- @entity18715 model, PPADS specifically and dose-dependently reduced early (day 3), but not late (day 8), glomerular mesangial cell proliferation as well as phenotypic activation of the mesangium and slightly matrix expansion. While no consistent effect was obtained in regard to the degree of mesangiolysis, influx of inflammatory cells, @entity644 or blood pressure, PPADS treatment increased serum @entity1011 and @entity1133 in anti- @entity18715 @entity35 . P2Y receptor expression ( @entity12700 and @entity12702 ) was detected in cultured MC and isolated glomeruli, and demonstrated a transient marked increase during anti- @entity18715 disease. CONCLUSION: These data strongly suggest an in vivo role for extracellular @entity2036 in mediating early MC proliferation after @entity7622 .

title: P2 receptor antagonist PPADS inhibits mesangial cell proliferation in experimental mesangial proliferative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory glomerular disease', 'glomerular hypercellularity']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity2036 :: ('MESH:D009711', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotides']

entities_list: @entity377 :: ('CHEBI:36976', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleotide']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['glomerulonephritis']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficiency, feasibility, and surgical outcomes of microlaparoscopy-assisted pull-through (MAPT) for @entity1963 . METHODS: Starting in 2005, pull-through procedures for @entity1963 were performed exclusively using 2-mm instruments and miniscopes (microlaparoscopy). Three miniports were inserted laterally in the right abdominal wall in one line, with the miniscope at the level of the umbilicus and the working trocars cranially/caudally of the scope. The left colon was dissected, and transanal pull-through was performed. RESULTS: MAPT was performed in 16 @entity1 (10 @entity1 and 6 @entity1 ; average age: 5.7 months). Six @entity1 had previous abdominal surgeries. A 1.9-mm cystoscope or a 2.4-mm arthroscope was used in the first 5 cases. In the remainder, a recently developed 2.4-mm miniscope was used for visualization. The length of the resected colon segment was up to the left colonic flexur in 5 @entity1 , up to the middle of the descending colon in 4 cases and up to the sigmoid-descending segment in 7 @entity1 . The average operation time was 185 minutes (range: 120-330 minutes). The only intraoperative complication that occurred was an injury of the right iliac vein by inadvertent slippage of an electrocautery hook requiring laparotomy. At follow-up, 80% of the parents were unable to identify the scars after microlaparoscopy. CONCLUSION: MAPT is a safe and practical procedure regardless of age or previous surgery.

title: A microlaparoscopically assisted pull-through procedure for XXXX : initial experiences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'girls', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity1963 :: ('MESH:D006627', 'Disease') :: ["Hirschsprung's disease"]

answer: @entity1963 :: (MESH:D006627,Disease) :: ['Hirschsprung's disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of displaced middle-third @entity174 resulted in shorter complete return to work periods with earlier consolidation documented on computed tomography (CT) scans in this prospective, randomized controlled trial. METHODS: The study randomized 76 consecutive @entity1 with displaced @entity174 (2B1-2B2 according to Robinson) to conservative (C, n =  42) and surgical (S, n  =  34) treatment with plates and screws. Bone union was documented with CT scans at 6 and 12 weeks. RESULTS: Risk factors known to increase the risk of nonunion were similar between groups. Time until discharge for complete return to work was 3.7      1.1 months for C and 2.9      0.8  months for S (P  =  .003). On the CT scan at 6 weeks, 24.1% of the @entity1 presented advanced bone union in S vs 5.3% in C (P  =  .05). At 12 weeks, 81% of the @entity1 presented advanced bone union in S vs 16.7% in C (P  =  .005). At final follow-up, 4 nonunions were present in the C group that required surgery; in the S group, 4 @entity1 underwent revision surgery for plate removal. At 6 and 12 months of follow-up, Constant scores were higher for the S group. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment with ORIF of displaced middle-third @entity174 achieved good and excellent functional results, shorter time to complete return to work, earlier bone union, and fewer cases of nonunions in a working population under @entity130 .

title: Surgical treatment of displaced middle-third XXXX : a prospective, randomized trial in a working compensation population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury compensation']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'clavicular fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['clavicular fractures']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the relationship of contractile function to the transmural extent of @entity1188 (TEI) in @entity1 with chronic @entity453 . BACKGROUND: In the setting of reperfused, chronic @entity583 ( @entity583 ), the relationship of contractile function to the TEI has not been established. METHODS: We studied function by cine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the TEI by contrast-enhanced MRI in 31 @entity1 with @entity66 162 +/- 62 days after reperfused first @entity583 . RESULTS: Of all 516 segments with @entity583 , blinded observers were unable to detect abnormal thickening in 193 (37%), and wall thickening measured quantitatively in these segments was 66 +/- 28%. Of the 193 segments, 163 (84%) were @entity1188 limited to the subendocardium. The average TEI reached 53% before half of the @entity1 had abnormal contractile function. When @entity1 with small @entity583 (< or =5% of total left ventricular [LV] mass) were excluded, the average TEI reached 43% before half the @entity1 had abnormal function. In subjects with small @entity583 (< or =5% of total LV mass [n = 13]), even segments with TEI >75% had normal function (14 of 14) because they were surrounded by normally moving neighbor segments. CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of reperfused chronic @entity583 , the TEI approaches 50% before contractile dysfunction can be systematically identified. Contractile function cannot be used to rule out chronic @entity583 .

title: Relationship of contractile function to transmural extent of @entity1188 in @entity1 with chronic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['single-vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity72 ( @entity72 ) likely involve dysregulation of multiple genes related to brain function and development. Abnormalities in individual regulatory small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), including microRNA (miRNA), could have profound effects upon multiple functional pathways. We assessed whether a brain region associated with @entity73 in @entity2438 , the superior temporal sulcus (STS), would evidence greater transcriptional dysregulation of sncRNA than adjacent, yet functionally distinct, primary auditory cortex (PAC). METHODS: We measured sncRNA expression levels in 34 samples of postmortem brain from STS and PAC to find differentially expressed sncRNA in @entity2438 compared with control cases. For differentially expressed miRNA, we further analyzed their predicted mRNA targets and carried out functional over-representation analysis of KEGG pathways to examine their functional significance and to compare our findings to reported alterations in @entity2438 gene expression. RESULTS: Two mature miRNAs (miR-4753-5p and @entity9630 ) were differentially expressed in @entity2438 relative to control in STS and four (miR-664-3p, miR-4709-3p, miR-4742-3p, and @entity71355 ) in PAC. In both regions, miRNA were functionally related to various nervous system, cell cycle, and canonical signaling pathways, including PI3K-Akt signaling, previously implicated in @entity2438 . Immune pathways were only disrupted in STS. @entity14066 and pre-miRNA were also differentially expressed in @entity2438 brain. CONCLUSIONS: Alterations in sncRNA may underlie dysregulation of molecular pathways implicated in @entity2438 . sncRNA transcriptional abnormalities in @entity2438 were apparent in STS and in PAC, a brain region not directly associated with core @entity146 . Disruption of miRNA in immune pathways, frequently implicated in @entity2438 , was unique to STS.

title: Atypical miRNA expression in temporal cortex associated with dysregulation of immune, cell cycle, and other pathways in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral impairments']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['core social impairments']

entities_list: @entity72 :: ('MESH:D002659', 'Disease') :: ['ASDs', 'Autism spectrum disorders']

answer: @entity72 :: (MESH:D002659,Disease) :: ['autism spectrum disorders']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1017 at 7q21 is a frequent event in @entity420 ( @entity420 ). However, this event has not been mapped with fine resolution in a large @entity420 cohort, and its association with clinical endpoints and functional relevance are unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used a cohort of 116 @entity1 to fine map the 7q21 amplification using SNP microarrays. Prognostic significance and functional role of 7q21 amplification and its gene expression were explored. RESULTS: Amplification of the 7q21 region was observed in 35% of @entity5 with a focal, minimal amplicon containing six genes. 7q21 amplification was associated with poor survival and analysis of gene expression identified @entity14107 ( @entity14107 ) as the only gene in the minimal amplicon whose expression was also associated with poor survival. A low-level amplification (10%) was observed at the 12q13 region containing the @entity14107 homologue @entity8985 ( @entity8985 ). Both amplification and expression of @entity8985 correlated with poor survival. A combined model of both @entity14107 and @entity8985 expressions is a superior predictor of survival than either alone. Specific knockdown of @entity8985 and/or @entity14107 by siRNAs shows that they are required for proliferation of @entity420 cells and that their function is additive. @entity20406 targets the kinase activity of both molecules and suppresses proliferation and anchorage independence of @entity420 cells through activation of the @entity996 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that @entity14107 is the driver of 7q21 amplification and that both @entity8985 and @entity14107 are prognostic markers and bona fide oncogenes in @entity420 . Targeting these molecules may constitute a viable new therapy for this disease.

title: Early G    cyclin-dependent kinases as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity14107 :: ('1021', 'Gene') :: ['CDK6', 'cyclin-dependent kinase 6']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity8985 :: ('1019', 'Gene') :: ['CDK4', 'cyclin-dependent kinase 4']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Chromosomal gain']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma', 'EAC']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['esophageal adenocarcinoma']


abstract: Two synthetic peptides, P354-14 ( @entity535 nos. 354 to 367) and P338-16 (nos. 338 to 353), corresponding to the partial @entity535 sequences of the hTSH receptor structure were studied for their ability to bind specifically serum IgGs from @entity1 with @entity2743 and to inhibit thyroid stimulating TSH receptor antibody ( @entity5010 SAb) activity. IgG binding was measured by an ELISA using sera from 102 Graves', 20 @entity2621 @entity1 , and 9 normal subjects. Both peptides showed significantly increased IgG binding of Graves' sera compared with those of @entity2621 and normal sera. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.529) between the amount of IgG bound by the two peptides, but neither of these values correlated well with their @entity5010 SAb activity nor thyrotropin-binding inhibitor TSH receptor antibody ( @entity5010 IAb) activity. @entity5010 SAb inhibiting effects of these peptides were then analysed by measuring @entity5010 SAb activity after incubation with the peptides. Among eight Graves' IgGs tested the @entity5010 SAb activity of three was inhibited by both peptides, two were inhibited only by P354-14 and three were not affected by either. These @entity5010 SAb inhibiting effects were dose-dependent and reproducible. To confirm these findings, a peptide-sepharose gel affinity absorption study was performed. Eleven Graves' IgGs were applied to both peptide gels and the @entity5010 SAb activity of the unabsorbed fraction was measured. The @entity5010 SAb activity of five IgGs was strongly absorbed only by P354-14 and five others were absorbed by both peptides to an almost similar extent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thyroid-stimulating antibodies in sera from @entity1 with XXXX are heterogeneous in epitope recognition.

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ['Hashimoto']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: @entity1 @entity2525 is a rare @entity74 caused by @entity177 , which ranges widely in severity. In the most severe forms, @entity2527 prevents @entity79 , impairing development of bone marrow, leading to hematological failure. Closure of bone foramina causes @entity2850 with @entity227 . @entity1 also present with @entity16455 , @entity851 , @entity600 and brittle bones. This form is fatal in infancy, has an autosomal recessive inheritance and is cured with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with a rate of success <50% and unsatisfactory rescue of growth and @entity227 . It relies on loss-of-function mutations of various genes, including the @entity25015 gene, encoding for the a3 subunit of the H+ATPase and accounting for >50% of cases, the @entity50849 and the @entity61350 genes, which have closely related function and account for approximately 10% of cases, also presenting with @entity179 . Further genes are implicated in rare forms with various severities and association with other syndromes and, recently, the @entity5298 gene has been found to be mutated in a subset of @entity1 lacking osteoclasts. @entity74 may also have intermediate severity, with a small number of cases due to loss-of-function mutations of the @entity7464 or the @entity34185 genes. Dominant negative mutations of the @entity50849 gene cause the so-called Albers-Sch  nberg disease, which represents the most frequent and heterogeneous form of @entity2525 , ranging from asymptomatic to intermediate/severe, thus suggesting additional genetic/environmental determinants affecting penetrance. Importantly, recent work has demonstrated that osteoblasts may also contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, either because they are affected by @entity154 , or because their activity may be enhanced by deregulated osteoclasts abundantly present in most forms. Therapy is presently unsatisfactory and effort is necessary to unravel the gene defects yet unrecognized and identify new treatments to improve symptoms and save life.

title: Genetics, pathogenesis and complications of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Human', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['intrinsic defects']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual and hearing deterioration', 'visual deterioration']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['short stature']

entities_list: @entity2850 :: ('MESH:D009408', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve compression']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['osteoclast failure']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of bone cavities']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformations']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis', 'genetic disorder']

entities_list: @entity2527 :: ('MESH:D001862', 'Disease') :: ['deficient bone resorption']

entities_list: @entity16455 :: ('MESH:D010026', 'Disease') :: ['osteosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2525 :: ('MESH:D010022', 'Disease') :: ['osteopetrosis']

answer: @entity2525 :: (MESH:D010022,Disease) :: ['osteopetrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that a history of @entity130 (especially sexual @entity130 ) was associated with a reduced likelihood of having had medically appropriate @entity5 screening. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study using mailed self-report questionnaires. POPULATION: The questionnaires were completed by an age-stratified random sample of adult @entity1 members of a large health maintenance organization. The sample included 364 @entity1 who had received medically appropriate @entity5 screening and 372 who had not. OUTCOMES MEASURED: We defined cases as @entity1 who, according to their medical record, had not had @entity5 screening within 2 years before the study. Controls were defined as @entity1 who had been screened. We evaluated exposures to @entity130 that we hypothesized to be associated with the case/control state. RESULTS: @entity1 who had been sexually abused in childhood were less likely to have had a Pap smear within the past 2 years (36.0% vs. 50.4%, P =.050). Other traumatic events were associated with Pap testing in bivariate analyses but not when demographic characteristics and clinic location were controlled. Childhood @entity458 remained associated with reduced odds of Pap screening in logistic regression analyses that controlled for clinic location, demographics, attitudes about Pap screening, and @entity1005 (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that childhood @entity458 may lead to decreased probability of screening for @entity5 , potentially contributing to the poorer health seen in other studies of @entity1 who have been sexually abused.

title: Is a history of XXXX associated with a reduced likelihood of @entity5 screening?

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual abuse']

entities_list: @entity1005 :: ('MESH:D013313', 'Disease') :: ['posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['trauma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 affects an increasing percentage of the population as the incidence and prevalence of @entity6 increases. In some cases of the disease, @entity7592 complications can be observed to the extent that they require acute and extensive surgery debridement, often across anatomical structures. Local treatment is always preceded by vascular examination, possibly limb revascularization. METHODS: After open necrectomy, which frees the @entity1 from infectious focus and @entity39 tissue, and which, in some cases, is the last resort to preserve the limb's length, there is, in the second period (after the acquisition of granulation tissue in the defect), a need to close the defect. It is possible to let small areas heal spontaneously through epithelialisation from the edges of the wound, however, @entity4696 have to be close either operationally with secondary suture or with dermoepidermal skin-grafting. Secondary suture requires a local shift or additional resection of the bone to obtain sufficient material for wound closure. Skin graft respects the requirement to preserve the maximum of healthy tissue while not slowing down the closure of the wound in large defects. RESULTS: Autotransplantation of secondary wound with dermoepidermal skin-graft after the debridement of @entity39 tissue was performed in 16 @entity1 . The average age was 58 years, the average surface of skin-grafting was 100 cm2, the interval between transplantation and debridement was on average 21 days and from skin-grafting to the healing, of 62 days. 14 @entity1 were completely healed; one @entity1 suffers chronic @entity4034 , and another one a smack chronic defect in the periphery of the graft. Transplants affecting the plant were localized outside the zone of the foot that bears the most of the body's weight. CONCLUSION: Local treatment of @entity166 in necrotizing @entity6 is important for managing the acute condition and preservation of limb function. It is appropriate to centralize the treatment to podiatric centers cooperating closely with the surgeon specializing on wound healing and @entity6 foot.

title: [Necrotizing XXXX in @entity6 and their solutions].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic foot syndrome', 'Diabetic foot syndrome', 'diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity7592 :: ('MESH:D015882', 'Disease') :: ['acute necrotizing infectious']

entities_list: @entity4696 :: ('MESH:D003865', 'Disease') :: ['major defects']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious complications']

answer: @entity166 :: (MESH:D003141,Disease) :: ['infectious complications']


abstract: @entity298 ( @entity298 ) shunting used in the treatment for @entity1276 is associated with several complications. Mechanical failure of shunt is the commonest complication of all. Visceral/bowel perforation is an unusual but serious complication of @entity298 shunting. This article reports our experience in the management of ten @entity1 who had @entity298 Shunt catheter protrusion from anus. This is a retrospective study of ten @entity1 who had @entity298 shunt catheter protrusion from anus, admitted in the department of paediatric surgery between Jan 1996 and Dec 2005. The records of above ten cases were reviewed for their clinical presentation and management, etc. We had performed 398 @entity298 shunt operations in the last 10 years. Two hundred and seventy one (68.09%) @entity298 Shunts were done for congenital @entity1276 of which 164 were done in infancy/neonatal period and 107 @entity298 shunts were done in the age group of >1-12 years. One hundred and twenty-seven (31.90%) @entity298 shunt operations were done for @entity1 who had @entity1276 as a complication following @entity1906 ( @entity1906 ). Out of 398 @entity298 shunts, ten @entity1 (2.51%) had protrusion of the distal end of peritoneal catheter from anus without causing/leading to @entity298 . We observed a 08.29% mortality of all @entity298 shunt operations. Protrusion of @entity298 shunt catheter per rectum can occur without producing @entity298 . Formal exploration and localization of entry of @entity298 shunt catheter in bowel is not mandatory. Mini laparotomy and revision of peritoneal part of shunt can be done if there is no @entity281 .

title: Trans-anal protrusion of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt catheter with silent bowel perforation: report of ten cases in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['shunt infection']

entities_list: @entity1906 :: ('MESH:D014390', 'Disease') :: ['TBM', 'tubercular meningitis']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['VP', 'Ventriculo-peritoneal', 'peritonitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity779 is probably the most important arthropod-borne @entity1800 worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates an incidence of 100 million cases per year. @entity779 is of clinical importance mainly in tropical and subtropical zones, but the increasing number of travellers visiting these endemic areas means that physicians in temperate zones will meet this @entity166 more frequently. To estimate the frequency of @entity779 in Switzerland, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of @entity1 in whom clinicians wished to rule out a case of @entity311 on the assumption that some of these @entity1 may have been exposed to @entity778 while travelling in tropical and subtropical areas. @entity779 was diagnosed by serology on contemporary stored serum samples with a commercially available assay that has been evaluated before. During the study period (1.1.93 to 1.7.94) a @entity311 diagnosis was requested by the physicians in our center in 87 cases and @entity311 was diagnosed in 10 (11.5%). In 38 of these 87 cases a stored serum sample was available for dengue serology. All of these @entity1 had visited an area where not only @entity311 but @entity778 was endemic. In 7 of these 38 cases (18%) @entity311 was diagnosed. In 3 @entity1 (8%) the dengue serology (IgM and IgG) was indicative of @entity779 . All 3 cases had clinical findings compatible with the disease. In 4 more patients (10%) anti-dengue IgG antibodies were found. All of these 4 @entity1 had previous exposure to @entity778 but no acute clinical illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Imported XXXX in Switzerland--serological evidence for a hitherto unexpectedly high prevalence].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['dengue virus']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity779 :: ('MESH:D003715', 'Disease') :: ['Dengue fever', 'Dengue', 'dengue fever', 'acute dengue fever']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['tropical infectious disease']

answer: @entity779 :: (MESH:D003715,Disease) :: ['dengue fever']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of lymph node @entity3 along the superior mesenteric vein (station 14v) to determine the need for 14v dissection in @entity356 surgery. METHODS: A total of 1104 @entity1 with @entity356 who underwent gastrectomy including 14v dissection were enrolled. @entity1 were categorized into two groups: those with and those without 14v lymph node involvement by @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the total study population, 73 @entity1 (6  6 per cent) had 14v-positive @entity356 . These @entity1 were more likely to have advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ), node (N) and distant metastatic (M) status, and histologically undifferentiated @entity356 . The 3- and 5-year survival rates of @entity1 with 14v-positive disease were 24 and 9 per cent respectively. Survival in this group was similar to that of @entity1 who had @entity356 with distant @entity3 (M1). Multivariable analysis demonstrated that 14v status was a significant prognostic factor for @entity356 (hazard ratio 2  13; P < 0  001). After histologically complete (R0) resection, the overall survival of 14v-positive @entity1 with any stage of @entity5 was significantly worse than that for 14v-negative @entity1 with stage IV @entity5 (P = 0  006). CONCLUSION: 14v status is an independent prognostic factor for @entity356 , with 14v-positive @entity356 having a poor prognosis, similar to that of M1 disease. The exclusion of 14v in regional lymph node dissection should be considered.

title: Relevance of lymph node @entity3 along the superior mesenteric vein in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['T', 'cancer', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer', 'gastric cancers']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased risk of @entity1892 in @entity1 with @entity792 is well known. Medical literature also links various autoimmune conditions with @entity784 ( @entity784 ), a rarer but very heterogeneous group of generally aggressive @entity5 . METHODS: Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the available peer-reviewed literature on epidemiology, clinico-laboratory features and management of @entity792 in @entity1 with @entity41025 . Most relevant publications were identified through searching the PubMed/Medline database for articles published from inception to June 2014. FINDINGS: Prevalence of various hematologic and non-hematologic autoimmune conditions in @entity1 with @entity41025 appears to be increased. Due to the rarity of @entity41025 , scientific literature on autoimmune conditions in these @entity1 consists mainly of case series and isolated reports. CONCLUSIONS: @entity792 can develop prior to, during or after the onset of @entity41025 . The diagnosis of @entity41025 should prompt early recognition of certain @entity792 if clinical suspicion exists. A dysfunctional immune response in these @entity1 may be responsible for the occurrence of @entity792 . Conversely, autoimmune conditions might create a favorable milieu for @entity784 pathogenesis. Therefore, their presence should increase the suspicion of @entity41025 in an appropriate clinico-laboratory context. There is need for larger studies to assess further the @entity41025 - @entity792 relationship as prognosis and management of these @entity1 can be considerably affected.

title: @entity792 in @entity1 with XXXX : a comprehensive review.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasms']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphomas', 'TCLs', 'T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmunity', 'autoimmune disorders', 'Autoimmune disorders', 'autoimmune diseases']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of operative failure in @entity1 who have undergone parathyroid surgery for @entity459 . DESIGN: Retrospective case review. @entity1 : @entity1 who had undergone a primary procedure for @entity459 between July 2003 and December 2007. Cases with incomplete post-operative serum @entity460 data were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Operative failure was defined as failure to achieve normalisation of serum adjusted @entity460 levels post-operatively. RESULTS: A total of 220 primary procedures were conducted over 4.5 years. Data were not available for 16 @entity1 . Thirteen procedures (6.4 per cent) were considered failures, and these cases were individually reviewed and classified according to the reason for failure. CONCLUSION: Establishing the cause of failure following surgery for @entity459 can be a complex task. In some instances, diagnostic uncertainty remains despite detailed biochemical and radiological assessment. This paper outlines our approach to maximising the cure rate at primary surgery.

title: Defining failure after parathyroidectomy for XXXX : case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity459 :: ('MESH:D049950', 'Disease') :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity459 :: (MESH:D049950,Disease) :: ['primary hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: AIM: To determine the clinical and laboratory characteristics of @entity1 diagnosed with pediatric @entity1252 (pSLE) in the general pediatrics department of a tertiary level hospital in southern India and compare them to data of case series from other parts of the country. METHODS: Retrospective chart review by two independent reviewers. All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1252 in the pediatrics department of the Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences hospital between 1 January 2004 and 31 September 2008, were included in the study. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 were diagnosed with pSLE in the above-mentioned period (female : male ratio 2.3 : 1.0). @entity221 (75% of @entity1 ) and @entity4841 (65%) were the most common clinical presenting features. Many @entity1 who were referred as ' @entity221 of unknown origin' (37.5%) or ' @entity3039 ' (15%) fulfilled the diagnosis of @entity1252 on detailed evaluation. Renal manifestations were present in 11 @entity1 , seven of whom underwent a biopsy. Class IV @entity1988 was the most common finding (4/7). A very high percentage of our @entity1 had hypocomplementemia (85%). The statistical significance of the differences between our cohort and previously reported cohorts could not be determined. CONCLUSIONS: pSLE @entity1 in our series, compared to previous literature from India had a much higher incidence of @entity221 , @entity882 and hypocomplementemia at presentation and much lower incidence of @entity625 . It is unclear whether these differences represent unique characteristics of ethnically dissimilar subsets of the Indian population. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in order to make an early diagnosis of pSLE, since the most common presenting features in our cohort were @entity4841 and @entity221 .

title: Case series of pediatric XXXX : comparison with other Indian series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity4841 :: ('MESH:D018771', 'Disease') :: ['arthralgia']

entities_list: @entity3039 :: ('MESH:D016553', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura']

answer: @entity1252 :: (MESH:D008180,Disease) :: ['systemic lupus erythematosus from Kerala']


abstract: Simple chromatographic methods were applied to @entity25164 resins used as gum bases. Five @entity14521 resins, mastic, dammar resin, olibanum, benzoin gum and elemi resin, and two @entity5730 resins, rosin and copal resin, were separated with normal-phase TLC. Characteristic patterns were observed for all resins. Different samples of the same resin gave identical patterns. The TLC method is a candidate for a simple identification test for @entity6399 resins. Samples were then @entity5498 -esterified and analyzed with GC/ @entity15 . All resins exhibited characteristic chromatograms for total ion current. Major constituents of all resins were detected. Unique constituents that can be used as indicators were found in every resin. Therefore, GC/ @entity15 of @entity5498 -esterified @entity25164 resins is a valuable identification method.

title: [Identification methods of XXXX gum bases using TLC and GC/ @entity15 ].

entities_list: @entity6399 :: ('MESH:D013729', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenoids']

entities_list: @entity5730 :: ('CHEBI:23849', 'Chemical') :: ['diterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity14521 :: ('CHEBI:36615', 'Chemical') :: ['triterpenoid']

entities_list: @entity25164 :: ('CHEBI:26873', 'Chemical') :: ['terpenoid']

answer: @entity25164 :: (CHEBI:26873,Chemical) :: ['terpenoid']