abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical experience of using combined-modality [simultaneous hemodialysis (HD) and @entity298 ( @entity298 )] treatment in @entity1 with @entity454 . DESIGN: We reviewed data on 4 @entity1 from our center that were treated with "combined-mode therapy." We then conducted a retrospective survey by sending questionnaires to nephrologists in the US and Canada by mail and by posting the survey on the Internet. Data queried included number of @entity1 on combined modality, solute clearances, @entity2313 levels pre and post combined therapy, reasons for using combined therapy, duration and success of combined therapy, and reimbursement issues. SETTING AND @entity1 : Ours is a tertiary-care center. @entity1 that were not doing well on @entity298 alone were put on combined modality of treatment between 1992 and 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical improvement in the indication for which the @entity1 was started on combined modality. RESULTS: In response to the survey, data on 27 @entity1 were collected. These data were combined with data on 4 @entity1 from our unit that had previously been treated with combined HD and @entity298 . Most @entity1 were reported to have more than one clinical reason for changing from @entity298 to combined therapy. The main clinical reason for offering combined treatments was inadequate solute clearance (34%), followed by ultrafiltration problems (16%) and @entity16 (11%). Mean duration of time followed on combined treatment was 8.5 +/- 0.12 months. Most @entity1 tolerated combined treatment well and were reported to show improvement in the clinical reasons for which they needed the combined modality. Dual access and reimbursement issues were not a problem. There was no single method used for calculating total (HD, @entity298 , and residual renal) solute clearance. No universal total solute clearance goal was reported. CONCLUSION: Hemodialysis and @entity298 are not mutually exclusive. They can be used in combination to achieve targeted solute clearances, to improve certain clinical conditions, and to control volume and blood pressure in a subset of @entity1 . Further evaluation is needed to better establish the long-term outcomes of using combined modality. Total solute clearance goals and methods for determining total solute clearance need to be standardized.

title: Combined XXXX and hemodialysis: our experience compared to others.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'participant', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity298 :: ('MESH:D010538', 'Disease') :: ['peritoneal dialysis', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity298 :: (MESH:D010538,Disease) :: ['peritoneal dialysis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to estimate the clinical significance of the @entity16565 for prediction of postoperative survival in @entity1 with @entity14 ( @entity14 ). BACKGROUND: The @entity18880 ( @entity18880 ), calculated from the serum levels of @entity1851 and albumin, is well known to be a valuable @entity32 -based prognostic system for several types of @entity5 . A recent study has demonstrated that the @entity16565 is also useful for prediction of treatment outcome in @entity1 with @entity157 . METHODS: Uni- and multivariate analyses using the Cox proportional hazards model were performed to detect the clinical characteristics that were most closely associated with @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). All recommended cutoff values were defined using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare @entity1349 curves between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 627 @entity1 who had undergone elective @entity14 surgery were enrolled. Multivariate analysis using the results of univariate analyses demonstrated that @entity16565 (>0.038/ <=0.038) was associated with @entity1349 (hazard ratio 2.596; 95  % confidence interval 1.603-4.204; P  <  0.001) along with pathological differentiation (others/well or moderately), carcinoembryonic antigen level (>8.7/ <=8.7, ng/ml), stage (III, IV/0, I, II), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (>2.9/ <=2.9), and @entity18880 (2/0, 1). Kaplan-Meier analysis and log rank test demonstrated a significant difference in @entity1349 curves between @entity1 with low @entity16565 ( <=0.038) and those with high @entity16565 (>0.038; P  <  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity16565 is as useful for predicting the postoperative survival of @entity1 with @entity14 as previously reported @entity32 -based prognostic systems, such as @entity18880 and NLR.

title: Clinical Significance of the @entity1851 to Albumin Ratio for Survival After Surgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity18880 :: ('MESH:C536506', 'Disease') :: ['Glasgow Prognostic Score', 'GPS']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['CRC', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity16565 :: ('653108', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein (CRP)/albumin ratio (CAR)', 'CAR']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since anesthetics are widely used in critically ill @entity1 , this study investigates anesthetic effects on neutrophil and monocyte function concerning bacterial elimination in @entity1 whole blood. METHODS: The effects of thiopental (20 and 200 microg/ml), @entity1875 (5 and 50 microg/ml), @entity1363 (0.15 and 1.5 microg/ml) and @entity3652 (3 and 30 microg/ml) on elimination of @entity526 ( @entity526 from whole blood were investigated in vitro after incubation for 1 h in both clinical (1) (n=10) and 10-fold higher (h) (n=11) concentrations. These data were compared to neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis (1; n=6) and burst activity (1; n=10, h; n=11), measured by flow cytometry. To enable quantification of the clearance process, a defined number of 10(5) colony forming units of @entity526 were added to the blood assays and bacterial growth was determined. RESULTS: All anesthetics delayed bacterial clearance from the blood in the 10-fold concentration (P<0.05). Thiopental (1+h) and @entity1875 (h) suppressed neutrophil (59+/-3% and 38+/-6%) and monocytic (45+/-6% and 30+/-11%) oxidative burst (P<0.01). Phagocytosis was reduced even after @entity1875 (1) in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (34+/-9%; P<0.05) and monocytes (35+/-11%). @entity3652 (h) prolonged bacterial elimination (P<0.01), which did correlate with inhibition of monocytic phagocytosis, by 26+/-14%. @entity1363 application (h) resulted in an inhibition of PMN-respiratory burst by 19+/-6% (P<0.05) and impaired bacterial clearance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Thiopental, @entity1875 , @entity1363 and @entity3652 affect @entity526 clearance and neutrophil and monocyte oxidative burst and phagocytosis in vitro only in high concentrations, while thiopental inhibited monocytic burst and @entity1875 impaired PMN phagocytosis even in clinically used concentrations. These data suggest that i.v. anesthetics in concentrations recommended for general anesthesia seem to have minor influence on the investigated host defense mechanisms.

title: Effects of intravenous anesthetics on bacterial elimination in XXXX blood in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3652 :: ('MESH:D007649', 'Chemical') :: ['ketamine', 'Ketamine']

entities_list: @entity1875 :: ('MESH:D015742', 'Chemical') :: ['propofol']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['Midazolam', 'midazolam']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia', 'E. coli', 'E.) coli']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: To study the value of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) and the requirement for additional anti-inflammatory drugs for the treatment of severe @entity5502 associated with @entity4932 ( @entity4932 ). METHODS: Institutional study of 35 consecutive @entity1 with @entity4932 started on @entity1500 as the single systemic immunosuppressive drug for the treatment of associated @entity5502 . The clinical epidemiologic data, course of visual acuity (VA), development of complications, and the need for additional anti-inflammatory drugs were analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up with @entity1500 treatment was 27.6 months. @entity532 were present in 31 @entity1 before @entity1500 treatment. With @entity1500 , quiescence of @entity1596 was obtained with (n=21) or without (n=4) additional topical steroids. Additional systemic immunosuppressive drugs were required in another 7 @entity1 : @entity205 (n=4), @entity500 (n=1), infliximab (n=1), or etanercept (n=1). Three @entity1 had active @entity1596 at the end of the follow-up period. During @entity1500 therapy, @entity1596 first developed in the unaffected fellow eyes in 2 @entity1 , and secondary @entity726 or @entity2790 occurred in 7 @entity1 . The VA deteriorated in 6, improved in 13, and was stable in the remaining eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that @entity1500 is very effective in controlling inflammation of @entity1596 in @entity1 with @entity4932 . However, additional topical @entity230 or systemic immunosuppressive drugs are often required.

title: @entity1499 for XXXX associated with @entity4932 : value and requirement for additional anti-inflammatory medication.

entities_list: @entity500 :: ('MESH:D001379', 'Chemical') :: ['azathioprine']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Uveitic complications']

entities_list: @entity726 :: ('MESH:D005901', 'Disease') :: ['glaucoma']

entities_list: @entity4932 :: ('MESH:D001171', 'Disease') :: ['JIA', 'juvenile idiopathic arthritis']

entities_list: @entity5502 :: ('MESH:D015863', 'Disease') :: ['iridocyclitis', 'chronic iridocyclitis']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

answer: @entity1596 :: (MESH:D014605,Disease) :: ['uveitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The @entity1501 antagonist @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ) has become established as the most commonly used disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) in the treatment of @entity309 ( @entity309 ) but is commonly discontinued due to adverse effects. Adverse effects are thought to be mediated via @entity1501 antagonism. In this paper we summarize the current data on the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 use in @entity309 for the prevention of adverse effects and as a potential modulator of cardiovascular risk, and propose guidelines for standard practice. METHODS: A Medline search was performed using the search terms " @entity1499 ", " @entity1501 ", " @entity4181 ", " @entity1501 " and " @entity1255 ". Literature relevant to the use of @entity26457 as a supplement to @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 was reviewed and other papers referred to as references were explored. RESULTS: The use of supplemental @entity26457 , including folic and @entity4181 , in @entity309 @entity1 treated with @entity1500 has been shown to improve continuation rates by reducing the incidence of liver function test abnormalities and gastrointestinal intolerance. @entity1501 supplements do not appear to significantly reduce the effectiveness of @entity1500 in the treatment of @entity309 . Furthermore, supplemental @entity1501 offsets the elevation in plasma @entity1255 associated with the use of @entity1500 . This may in turn reduce the risk of @entity65 , which is over-represented amongst @entity1 with @entity309 , and for which hyperhomocysteinaemia is now recognized as an independent risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that @entity1501 supplements be prescribed routinely to all @entity1 receiving @entity1500 for the treatment of @entity309 . We recommend a pragmatic dosing schedule of 5 mg of oral @entity1501 given on the morning following the day of @entity1500 administration.

title: @entity1501 supplementation and XXXX treatment in @entity309 : a review.

entities_list: @entity1501 :: ('MESH:D005492', 'Chemical') :: ['Folate', 'folic acid', 'folate']

entities_list: @entity4181 :: ('MESH:D002955', 'Chemical') :: ['folinic acid']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1255 :: ('MESH:D006710', 'Chemical') :: ['homocysteine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

answer: @entity1499 :: (MESH:D008727,Chemical) :: ['methotrexate']


abstract: AIMS: Evaluation of the morphological damage to the ocular surface of @entity1 operated for biliopancreatic diversion for pathological @entity28 and the correlation of impression cytology with @entity904 plasma levels, adaptometry, and other general variables. METHODS: 48 @entity1 (15 males, 33 females, age range 21-73) and 34 normal subjects were examined with @entity941 and rose bengal, a plasma dose of @entity904 , and adaptometry. The results of the various tests were subdivided into three levels (0 = normal, 1 = moderately altered, 2 = seriously altered). The impression cytology and adaptometry results were correlated with @entity904 levels and other @entity1 data (age, nutritional condition, time since operation, percentage @entity353 ). All the examinations were repeated after intramuscular therapy with @entity904 . RESULTS: Corneoconjunctival alterations visible with @entity941 and rose bengal staining were present in 67.7% of cases, impression cytology alterations in 93.7%, adaptometric alterations in 82.2%; @entity904 plasma levels were below normal in 95.8% of cases. After the therapy with @entity904 a significant reduction was found for every examination. The correlation between impression cytology and adaptometry and @entity904 plasma levels and between corneoconjunctival alterations and @entity904 plasma levels was significant. There was no significant correlation between impression cytology and nutritional condition, age time since operation, and percentage @entity353 . CONCLUSION: These results show impression cytology is a specific indicator for @entity1129 because it is not influenced by other factors related to the general condition of the @entity1 . Many @entity1 with @entity1129 not demonstrating ocular symptoms of changes visible with @entity941 and rose bengal showed alterations with impression cytology.

title: Role of impression cytology during XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin A']

entities_list: @entity941 :: ('MESH:D019793', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorescein']

entities_list: @entity1129 :: ('MESH:D001260', 'Disease') :: ['hypovitaminosis A']

answer: @entity1129 :: (MESH:D001260,Disease) :: ['hypovitaminosis A']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to demonstrate the derivation and the preliminary validation of a brief screening score to improve recognition of @entity4697 -like @entity148 ( @entity341 ) @entity1 with unexplained @entity662 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 507 @entity341 @entity1 with unexplained @entity662 randomly assigned to the derivation condition (n = 201) or the validation condition (n = 306). The @entity148 Interview Schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV) acted as the criterion standard for @entity4697 diagnosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine which of the sociodemographic, medical, and questionnaire response variables best predicted the presence of @entity4697 -like @entity148 in the derivation condition. The selected predictors were entered in a logistic regression analysis to determine variables to be included in the screening score. The predictive validity of the resulting score was evaluated in both conditions. RESULTS: The four-item Panic Screening Score (PSS) identified @entity4697 -like @entity148 with a sensitivity of 63% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 52% to 73%) and a specificity of 84% (95% CI = 76% to 90%) in the derivation phase. The positive predictive value was 74% (95% CI = 62% to 93%) and the negative predictive value was 76% (95% CI = 68% to 89%). In the validation phase, the sensitivity and specificity were 53% (95% CI = 44% to 62%) and 85% (95% CI = 78% to 89%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 72% (95% CI = 62% to 80%) and the negative predictive value was 71% (95% CI = 65% to 77%). CONCLUSIONS: The PSS may be useful to identify @entity1 with unexplained @entity662 who could benefit from referral to mental health professionals or their primary care providers for evaluation of @entity4697 and @entity4697 . Prospective studies to improve and validate the PSS, followed by impact analysis, are mandatory before clinical implementation.

title: Preliminary investigation of the Panic Screening Score for XXXX @entity1 with unexplained @entity662 .

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity4697 :: ('MESH:D016584', 'Disease') :: ['panic', 'panic attack', 'panic disorder']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['anxiety in emergency department', 'Anxiety Disorders', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity341 :: (MESH:D004630,Disease) :: ['emergency department']


abstract: Short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial @entity841 ( @entity841 ) of the @entity35 distal colon mucosa are sensitive to acute @entity519 in vitro. The relative contribution of luminal and serosal oxygenation in sustaining Isc and @entity841 was assessed. @entity35 distal colon Isc and @entity841 responses to @entity519 and reoxygenation of preparations of @entity5932 (with and without the mucus gel layer), mounted in an Ussing chamber, and of sacs of everted and non-everted isolated mucosa, were measured. In Ussing chambers, a 5-min total (bilateral) @entity519 reduces Isc and @entity841 by 50 to 70%, while an overshoot was observed on reoxygenation. @entity519 caused about the same effect as total @entity519 , with complete recovery on reoxygenation. Luminal @entity519 had no effect in either Isc or @entity841 . After total @entity519 , selective serosal reoxygenation allowed complete recovery of Isc and @entity841 ; addition of luminal reoxygenation did not further increase Isc and @entity841 . Luminal reoxygenation after total @entity519 did not modify the decrease in Isc and @entity841 , but addition of serosal reoxygenation led to complete recovery. A similar behaviour was seen in isolated mucosa preparations without the mucus gel layer. Baseline Isc and @entity841 of everted sacs were about 45% of those of non-everted sacs, but their response to a @entity519 challenge was slightly attenuated. On reoxygenation, both everted and non-everted sacs showed complete recovery. Summing up: serosal oxygenation is both necessary and sufficient to sustain @entity35 distal colon Isc and @entity841 , while luminal oxygenation is not; there seems to exist a barrier, different from the mucus gel layer, for @entity26 access from the luminal side of the epithelium; and distal colon isolated mucosa everted sac preparations are suboptimally oxygenated.

title: Asymmetrical XXXX availability from serosal and luminal sides of @entity35 distal colon epithelium.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity5932 :: ('MESH:C565008', 'Disease') :: ['mucosa-submucosa, and of isolated mucosa']

entities_list: @entity841 :: ('MESH:C537245', 'Disease') :: ['potential difference', 'PD']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['hypoxic', 'hypoxia', 'Serosal hypoxia']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Activation of the Notch pathway has been reported in various types of @entity5 . However, the role of the hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 ( @entity21507 ) in @entity421 is unknown. We examined the function of @entity21507 in @entity421 . METHODS: Expression of @entity21507 was studied in @entity1 @entity421 . The effects of @entity21507 in @entity421 were evaluated in vitro and in a xenograft model. Moreover, we examined the function of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) as a downstream effector of @entity21507 . RESULTS: @entity21507 was upregulated in @entity1 @entity421 . Knockdown of @entity21507 inhibited the invasion of @entity421 cell lines. In contrast, the forced expression of @entity21507 increased the invasion of mesenchymal stem cell. In addition, lung metastases were significantly inhibited by the knockdown of @entity21507 . We found that @entity1495 was a downstream effector of @entity21507 that promotes the invasion of @entity421 cells. Knockdown of @entity21507 decreased the expression of @entity1495 . Addition of @entity1495 rescued the invasion of @entity421 cells that had been rendered less invasive by knockdown of @entity21507 expression. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that @entity21507 augmented the @entity3 of @entity421 via upregulation of @entity1495 expression. Therefore, inhibition of @entity21507 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing @entity3 .

title: Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 1 promotes XXXX via @entity1495 expression.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers']

entities_list: @entity421 :: ('MESH:D012516', 'Disease') :: ['osteosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity1495 :: ('4318', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metallopeptidase 9', 'MMP9']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis', 'osteosarcoma metastasis']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['osteosarcoma metastasis']


abstract: @entity2041 transferases (GST) are phase II enzymes catalyzing the detoxification of endogenous noxious compounds and xenobiotics. They also regulate phosphorylation activities of MAPKinases in a catalytic-independent manner. Previous studies have demonstrated the regulation of @entity14032 -dependent pathway by @entity71432 . Considering the crucial role of @entity14032 in the early steps of the hepatocyte cell cycle, we sought to determine whether @entity71432 were essential for hepatocyte proliferation following partial hepatectomy (PH). Using a conventional double knockout @entity19 model for the @entity71433 and @entity71434 genes, we found that the lack of @entity71433 reduced the rate of DNA replication and mitotic index during the first wave of hepatocyte proliferation. The lowered proliferation was associated with the decrease in @entity637 and @entity777 plasma concentrations, reduced hepatic @entity13765 expression and delayed and/or altered activation of @entity10433 , @entity14032 and @entity8837 signaling pathways. In addition, the expression and/or activation of cell cycle regulators such as @entity1896 , @entity11953 , @entity11319 and @entity12156 was postponed demonstrating that the absence of @entity71432 delayed the entry into and progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle and impaired the synchrony of proliferation in hepatocytes following PH. Furthermore, while @entity14032 and its downstream targets @entity9829 and @entity37362 were activated during the early steps of the liver regeneration in wild-type animals, the constitutively active @entity14032 found in the quiescent liver of @entity71432 knockout @entity19 underwent a decrease in its activity after PH. Transient induction of antioxidant enzymes and @entity842 synthase were also delayed or repressed during the regenerative response. Altogether our results demonstrate that @entity71432 are a critical regulators of hepatocyte proliferation in the initial phases of liver regeneration.

title: XXXX transferases P1/P2 regulate the timing of signaling pathway activations and cell cycle progression during @entity19 liver regeneration.

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['Glutathione']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity2041 :: (MESH:D005978,Chemical) :: ['Glutathione']


abstract: @entity4008 is frequently fatal or leads to severe @entity16 . Complications such as @entity1333 , resulting in @entity1188 , should be anticipated and dealt with promptly. Our aim was to demonstrate the complications of @entity693 by @entity353 ( @entity353 ) in @entity1 who deteriorated despite therapy. We studied 13 @entity1 between the ages of 1 day and 32 months who presented with symptoms ranging from @entity221 and @entity391 to @entity410 , @entity75 and @entity772 due to @entity4008 , performing MRI, including @entity353 , 2-5 days after presentation. @entity1188 were found on @entity353 in 12 of the 13, most commonly in the frontal lobes (in 10). Global involvement was seen in four @entity1 , three of whom died; the fourth had a very poor outcome. In one case abnormalities on @entity353 were due to @entity3553 . We diagnosed @entity1333 in three of five @entity1 studied with MRA. We think @entity353 an important part of an MRI study in @entity1 with @entity693 . Small @entity62 due to @entity1333 can lead to tissue damage not easily recognized on routine imaging and @entity353 can be used to confirm that extra-axial collections represent empyemas.

title: Diffusion-weighted imaging in acute XXXX in infancy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity3553 :: ('MESH:D013354', 'Disease') :: ['subdural empyemas']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion weighted imaging']

entities_list: @entity4008 :: ('MESH:D016920', 'Disease') :: ['bacterial meningitis', 'Bacterial meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1333 :: ('MESH:D014657', 'Disease') :: ['septic vasculitis', 'vasculitis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity693 :: ('MESH:D008581', 'Disease') :: ['meningitis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple infarcts', 'infarcts']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['cortical or deep white-matter infarcts']

answer: @entity4008 :: (MESH:D016920,Disease) :: ['bacterial meningitis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1577 is a characteristic feature of chronic @entity660 and is thought to result from a change in the balance between synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Recent studies suggest that activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) play a central role in pancreatic fibrogenesis via increased synthesis of ECM proteins. However, the role of these cells in ECM protein degradation has not been fully elucidated. AIMS: To determine: (i) whether PSCs secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and, if so (ii) whether MMP and @entity6930 secretion by PSCs is altered in response to known @entity991 activating factors such as @entity5 factor alpha ( @entity1505 ), @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ), @entity568 ( @entity568 ), @entity1068 , and @entity3094 . METHODS: Cultured @entity35 PSCs (n=3-5 separate cell preparations) were incubated at 37 degrees C for 24 hours with serum free culture medium containing @entity1505 (5-25 U/ml), @entity1810 (0.5-1 ng/ml), @entity568 (0.001-10 ng/ml), @entity1068 (10-50 mM), or @entity3094 (150-200 micro M), or no additions (controls). Medium from control cells was examined for the presence of MMPs by zymography using a 10% @entity2975 -0.1% gelatin gel. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine gene expression of @entity6929 and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases @entity6930 and @entity11018 . Western blotting was used to identify a specific MMP, @entity11017 (a gelatinase that digests basement membrane collagen and the dominant MMP observed on zymography) and a specific @entity6930 , @entity11018 . Reverse zymography was used to examine functional TIMPs in @entity991 secretions. The effect of @entity1505 , @entity1810 , and @entity568 on @entity11017 secretion was assessed by densitometry of western blots. The effect of @entity1068 and @entity3094 on @entity11017 and @entity11018 secretion was also assessed by this method. RESULTS: Zymography revealed that PSCs secrete a number of MMPs including proteinases with molecular weights consistent with @entity11017 , @entity6929 , and @entity12480 . RT-PCR demonstrated the presence of mRNA for metalloproteinase inhibitors @entity6930 and @entity11018 in PSCs while reverse zymography revealed the presence of functional @entity11018 in @entity991 secretions. @entity11017 secretion by PSCs was significantly increased by @entity1810 and @entity568 , but was not affected by @entity1505 . @entity1068 and @entity3094 induced secretion of both @entity11017 and @entity11018 by PSCs. CONCLUSIONS: Pancreatic stellate cells have the capacity to synthesise a number of matrix metalloproteinases, including @entity11017 , @entity6929 , and @entity12480 and their inhibitors @entity6930 and @entity11018 . @entity11017 secretion by PSCs is significantly increased on exposure to the proinflammatory cytokines @entity1810 and @entity568 . Both @entity1068 and its metabolite @entity3094 increase @entity11017 as well as @entity11018 secretion by PSCs. IMPLICATION: The role of pancreatic stellate cells in extracellular matrix formation and fibrogenesis may be related to their capacity to regulate the degradation as well as the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins.

title: XXXX pancreatic stellate cells secrete matrix metalloproteinases: implications for extracellular matrix turnover.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour necrosis']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic injury']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor beta1', 'TGF-beta1']

entities_list: @entity1068 :: ('MESH:D000431', 'Chemical') :: ['Ethanol', 'ethanol']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['Pancreatic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity3094 :: ('MESH:D000079', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The majority of @entity1 with @entity43 (EOC) relapse after initially responding to @entity902 -based chemotherapy, and develop resistance. The genomic features involved in drug resistance are unknown. To unravel some of these features, we investigated the mutational profile of genes involved in pathways related to drug sensitivity in a cohort of matched @entity5 obtained at first surgery (Ft-S) and second surgery (Sd-S). @entity1 AND METHODS: Matched biopsies (33) taken at Ft-S and Sd-S were selected from the 'Pandora' @entity5 tissue collection. DNA libraries for 65 genes were generated using the TruSeq Custom Amplicon kit and sequenced on MiSeq (Illumina). Data were analyzed using a high-performance cluster computing platform (Cloud4CARE project) and independently validated. RESULTS: A total of 2270 somatic mutations were identified (89.85% base substitutions 8.19% indels, and 1.92% unknown). Homologous recombination (HR) genes and @entity876 were mutated in the majority of Ft-S, while ATM, ATR, @entity14583 and @entity5255 were mutated in the entire dataset. Only 2% of mutations were conserved between matched Ft-S and Sd-S. Mutations detected at second surgery clustered @entity1 in two groups characterized by different mutational profiles in genes associated with HR, @entity10412 , miRNA biogenesis and signal transduction. CONCLUSIONS: There was a low level of concordance between Ft-S and Sd-S in terms of mutations in genes involved in key processes of @entity5 growth and drug resistance. This result suggests the importance of future longitudinal analyses to improve the clinical management of relapsed EOC.

title: Profiling @entity5 gene mutations in XXXX biopsies by targeted next-generation sequencing: a retrospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['stage III-IV epithelial ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['longitudinal epithelial ovarian cancer']


abstract: @entity302 may be the earliest and the sole clinical manifestation of @entity1313 . Different studies present @entity302 as the first symptom of a @entity1313 in adults in approximately 30-40% of cases and in @entity1 from 1-10%. In order to evaluate the incidence of @entity302 in @entity1 versus adults with @entity1313 , we investigated the group of 113 @entity1 and 578 adults who were hospitalized at the Departments of Neurology and Developmental Neurology between 1990-1999. Clinical presentation, imaging findings, EEG and pathology reports were collected by chart review and entered into computerized database. Of 113 @entity1 , @entity302 as a first symptom occurred in 14 @entity1 and in 211 adults. Histopathological origin and localization of @entity5 changed according to the age of @entity1 . In all @entity1 's @entity410 were caused by @entity5 originated from neuroepithelial tissue and mainly @entity816 . In adult @entity1 @entity410 were observed also mainly in @entity5 (5 cases infratentorial) which were of metasthatic origin (60%) others were @entity463 multiforme and @entity1653 . The types of @entity410 in both groups differ significantly. @entity1 had mainly secondary generalized @entity410 , while adults simple and complex partial @entity410 . Electroencephalographical findings showed paroxysmal activity always associated with @entity1313 with @entity410 ; however, we found also abnormal EEG patterns in @entity1 with @entity5 without @entity410 . Partial and secondary generalized @entity410 , especially when they are intractable, should be subjected to further investigation for exclusion of @entity1313 not only in adults but also in @entity1 . Normal EEG argues against the likehood of supratentorial lesions.

title: [ @entity302 as a manifestation of XXXX : clinical and electroencephalographic correlations].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['supratentorial brain tumours', 'brain tumours', 'brain tumour', 'brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours', 'infratentorial tumours', 'supratentorial tumours']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['sporadically meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epileptic seizures', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastomas']

answer: @entity1313 :: (MESH:D001932,Disease) :: ['brain tumors']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the useful role of intracardiac mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation in eliminating drug-refractory monomorphic @entity1540 in severely symptomatic @entity1 . BACKGROUND: @entity1540 is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Usually, it is not associated with life-threatening consequences in the absence of significant structural @entity299 . However, frequent @entity1540 can be extremely symptomatic and even incapacitating in some @entity1 . Currently, reassurance and pharmacologic therapy are the mainstays of treatment. There has been little information on the use of catheter ablation in such @entity1 . METHODS: Ten @entity1 with frequent and severely symptomatic monomorphic @entity1540 were selected from three tertiary care centers. The mean frequency +/- SD of @entity1540 was 1,065 +/- 631 beats/h (range 280 to 2,094) as documented by baseline 24-h ambulatory electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring. No other spontaneous @entity943 were documented. These @entity1 had previously been unable to tolerate or had been unsuccessfully treated with a mean of 5 +/- 3 antiarrhythmic drugs. The site of origin of @entity1540 was accurately mapped by using earliest endocardial activation time during ectopic activity or pace mapping, or both. RESULTS: During electrophysiologic study, no @entity1 had inducible @entity1165 . The ectopic focus was located in the right ventricular outflow tract in nine @entity1 and in the left ventricular posteroseptal region in one @entity1 . Frequent @entity1540 were successfully eliminated by catheter-delivered radiofrequency energy in all 10 @entity1 . The mean number of radiofrequency applications was 2.6 +/- 1.3 (range 1 to 5). No complications were encountered. During a mean follow-up period of 10 +/- 4 months, no @entity1 had a recurrence of symptomatic ectopic activity, and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring showed that the frequency of @entity1540 was 0 beat/h in seven @entity1 , 1 beat/h in two @entity1 and 2 beats/h in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be successfully used to eliminate monomorphic @entity1540 . It may therefore be a reasonable alternative for the treatment of severely symptomatic, drug-resistant monomorphic @entity1540 in @entity1 without significant structural @entity299 .

title: Radiofrequency catheter ablation for management of symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity1540 :: ('MESH:D018879', 'Disease') :: ['Ventricular ectopic activity', 'ventricular ectopic beats', 'ventricular ectopic activity']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

answer: @entity1540 :: (MESH:D018879,Disease) :: ['ventricular ectopic activity']


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of @entity1176 ( @entity1176 ) on the function of the @entity291 corpus luteum during the estrous cycle. In Experiment 1, 10 beef heifers were assigned randomly into two groups; each heifer served as her own control. Heifers in Group I (n = 5) were injected i.v. with vehicle (saline) on Day 2 of the cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus) followed by an i.v. injection of 100 micrograms @entity1176 on Day 2 of the subsequent estrous cycle. Group II (n = 5) heifers were treated similarly except injections were given on Day 10 of the estrous cycle. All heifers were bled via the jugular vein at 15 min intervals beginning 30 min prior to injection and for 3 h after injection. Blood samples were also taken on alternate days after injection through Day 16 of the cycle. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone caused a significant release of luteinizing hormone (LH) on both treatment days with the peak occurring at 15 to 30 min postinjection. Treatment with @entity1176 on either Day 2 or 10 caused a reduction in serum @entity1420 levels on Days 12, 14 and 16 of the cycle (Group I, control 3.99, 3.97; 4.07 vs. treated 2.63, 3.45, 2.87; Group II, control 3.18, 3.82, 4.13 vs. treated 2.50, 2.82, 3.17 ng/ml, respectively; common SE = 0.24 p less than 0.03). Length of the estrous cycle did not differ between groups (Group I, control 20.7 vs. treated 20.9; Group II, control 20.7 vs. treated 21.1 days, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced alteration of XXXX corpus luteum function.

entities_list: @entity1176 :: ('MESH:D007987', 'Chemical') :: ['GnRH', 'gonadotropin-releasing hormone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: A clinicopathological study of 56 pediatric @entity1 with non-ACTH-secreting @entity977 removed by a transsphenoidal neurosurgical approach was undertaken to better define the clinical presentation, to assess demographic factors, to determine the immunohistochemical staining characteristics of the @entity5 , and to evaluate the outcome of transsphenoidal surgical treatment and other adjuvant therapies. A separate analysis of @entity2013 @entity1 was performed. All @entity5 were confirmed histologically and immunophenotyped for pituitary hormones. Forty-one @entity1 had @entity5 that stained for PRL alone, eight @entity1 had @entity5 that stained for PRL and GH, six @entity1 had @entity652 , and one @entity1 had a @entity5 that stained for glycoprotein hormones. No @entity5 contained GH alone. Macroadenomas exceeded microadenomas (1.4:1). There were no male @entity1 with microadenomas of any type. Females outnumbered males (3.3:1). @entity1 presented most frequently with @entity10 , @entity1866 (in females), @entity6726 , and @entity4614 . All but one of the @entity1 with @entity4614 at presentation had macroadenomas. @entity5 staining characteristics did not always correlate well with clinical status, especially with regard to GH-containing @entity5 . Pediatric @entity977 did not appear to be more invasive or more @entity146 than adult @entity977 , contrary to some previous reports. The @entity1 with microadenomas had a 70% operative cure rate and a 65% long term cure rate; the recurrence rate for microadenoma @entity1 was 25%. Macroadenoma @entity1 had a 33% operative cure rate, a 55% long term cure rate, and a recurrence rate of 33%. Thus, microadenoma and macroadenoma @entity1 had similar long term cure rates, but macroadenoma @entity1 required more @entity146 adjuvant therapy (second surgery, radiation, or @entity2847 ) and had higher rates of @entity4614 (52% of macroadenoma @entity1 vs. 0% of microadenoma @entity1 required long term hormone replacement).

title: XXXX in childhood and adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity2013 :: ('MESH:D015175', 'Disease') :: ['prolactinoma']

entities_list: @entity6726 :: ('MESH:D005687', 'Disease') :: ['galactorrhea']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity1866 :: ('MESH:D008599', 'Disease') :: ['menstrual dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity4614 :: ('MESH:D007018', 'Disease') :: ['hypopituitarism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['plurihormonal adenomas']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['Pituitary adenomas']


abstract: Surfactant proteins (SPs) play an important role in surfactant metabolism and function. Understanding their relative contribution to clinical outcome remains incomplete. Exogenous surfactants differ in their SP content and physiologic effects. The aims of this study were to measure bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) SP concentrations from preterm @entity1 ventilated for @entity649 and to assess their association with clinical outcome. Fifty preterm @entity1 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant were lavaged each day for the first week and twice weekly thereafter using a standardized nonbronchoscopic technique. BAL @entity3231 , @entity25097 , and @entity9914 concentrations were measured using ELISA. Median BAL @entity3231 , @entity25097 , and @entity9914 concentrations for the whole cohort rose significantly during the first postnatal week (p < 0.05). @entity3231 concentration did not differ between outcome groups. BAL @entity25097 concentration rose significantly in lungs that were not supplemented with @entity25097 . @entity1 dying had significantly lower BAL @entity25097 concentrations on d 2 and 6 compared with survivors. BAL @entity9914 concentrations were significantly lower on d 2 and 3 among @entity1 in supplemental @entity26 on d 28 compared with those in air. BAL @entity3231 and @entity9914 concentrations did not differ significantly between @entity1 randomized to receive a natural or synthetic surfactant. Lower BAL @entity25097 and @entity9914 but not @entity3231 concentrations were associated with worse clinical prognosis.

title: Bronchoalveolar lavage surfactant protein a, B, and d concentrations in preterm XXXX ventilated for @entity649 receiving natural and synthetic surfactants.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'Infants']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory distress syndrome']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity571 ( @entity571 ) is one of the leading causes of @entity158 and disability. Given the constraint in the provision of care, there is a need to develop and assess effectiveness of new treatment models. The objective was to compare satisfaction with and effectiveness of a new integrated multidisciplinary outpatient program with usual care in an outpatient clinic for @entity1 with @entity571 . METHODS: @entity1 with clinical @entity571 referred to a rheumatology outpatient clinic were randomized to a 3.5-h multidisciplinary group-based educational program followed by individual consultations, or to usual care. The primary outcome was satisfaction with the health service evaluated on a numerical rating scale (0 = extremely unsatisfied, 10 = extremely satisfied) after 4 months. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life measures. RESULTS: Of 391 @entity1 , 86.4% (n = 338) were @entity1 , and mean age was 61.2 (SD 8.0) years. At 4 months, @entity1 who received integrated multidisciplinary care were significantly more satisfied with the health service compared with controls, with a mean difference of -1.05 (95% CI -1.68 to -0.43, p < 0.001). Among secondary outcomes, only self-efficacy with other symptoms scale (10-100) improved significantly in the multidisciplinary group compared with controls at 4 months (3.59, 95% CI 0.69-6.5, p = 0.02). At 12 months, the Australian/Canadian @entity571 Index @entity158 (0-10) were slightly worse in the multidisciplinary group with differences of 0.38 (95% CI 0.06-0.71, p = 0.02) and 0.55 (95% CI 0.02-1.07, p = 0.04), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 receiving an integrated multidisciplinary care model were more satisfied with healthcare than those receiving usual care, whereas there were no clinically relevant improvements in health outcomes.

title: Effectiveness of an Integrated XXXX Outpatient Program versus Outpatient Clinic as Usual: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['Hand Osteoarthritis', 'OA', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain (0-10) and fatigue scores', 'pain']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Multidisciplinary Osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity149 ( @entity149 ) is an aggressive extranodal @entity1893 confined to the central nervous system. In this article, we report the results of a pilot trial adding rituximab to the established regimen consisting of @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and @entity11770 (R-MCP). DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity149 @entity1 >= 65 years without Karnofsky performance score (KPS) limit were included. R-MCP regimen consisted of rituximab (375 mg/m(2) i.v. on days -6, 1, 15, and 29), @entity1499 (3 g/m(2) i.v., days 2, 16, and 30) followed by folinic rescue, @entity4174 (60 mg/m(2) orally, days 2-11), and @entity11770 (110 mg/m(2) orally, day 2). A maximum of three 43-day cycles were applied. Primary end point was response to treatment obtained by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary end points were @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity1 were included (median age 75, median KPS 60%). Best documented response: complete remission in 18 of 28 (64%), partial remission in 5 of 28 (18%), stable disease in 1 of 28 (4%), and progressive disease in 2 of 28 (7%) @entity1 . Response was not assessed in two @entity1 . Two treatment-associated deaths were observed. After a median follow-up of 36 months, the 3-year PFS and @entity1349 was 31%. CONCLUSION: R-MCP regimen is well tolerated and active in elderly @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity149 .

title: Immunochemotherapy with rituximab, @entity1499 , @entity4174 , and XXXX for primary CNS lymphoma ( @entity149 ) in the elderly.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4174 :: ('MESH:D011344', 'Chemical') :: ['procarbazine']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['PCNSL', 'Primary central nervous system lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity11770 :: ('MESH:D008130', 'Chemical') :: ['lomustine']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ['non-Hodgkin lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity11770 :: (MESH:D008130,Chemical) :: ['lomustine']


abstract: The significance of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes described in animals with @entity1526 is questionable in view that other non-invasive comparisons have been lacking. 12-lead ECG and two-dimensional echocardiography (echo) was performed in 17 seropositive and 13 seronegative @entity6599 . Similar to @entity1 , a wide variety of ECG outcomes were observed in the infected animals. Standard ECG measurements were not different between groups. Five seropositive (29%) and 3 seronegative (23%) animals had low voltage; 4 seropositives (24%) and 2 (15%) seronegatives had tall P-waves. Precordial Q waves were seen in 10 seropositives (59%) and in 7 (54%) seronegatives without septal abnormalities on two-dimensional echo. One seropositive animal had a 2(nd) degree (Wenckebach) @entity713 and @entity714 . Most animals in both groups had diffuse T-wave abnormalities. Echo evidence of @entity299 was found in 4 seropositives and in none of the controls; thus, chagasic @entity299 was present in 24% of naturally infected @entity6599 . Since most non- @entity1 primates, irrespective of their serology, have diffuse, nonspecific ECG changes not necessarily diagnostic of @entity296 , two-dimensional echo should be added to their non-invasive assessment.

title: Electrocardiographic findings in naturally acquired chagasic XXXX in nonhuman primates.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial disease']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left anterior fascicular block']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction', 'heart disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['heart disease']


abstract: Studies of experimental @entity5 in rodents indicate that there are morphological @entity5 microcirculation compared to normal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the structure of the microvasculature in benign and malignant @entity694 in @entity1 using microvascular casting techniques. There were 15 @entity420 , four @entity652 , and three specimens from @entity1 with @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ). A cast of the microvessels of these @entity5 was prepared by intraarterial administration of acrylic resin (Mercox) and the cast examined by scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative measures of the microvasculature were obtained from histological sections using stereological techniques in four @entity189 , two @entity652 , and 12 @entity652 from @entity1 with @entity1412 . Vascular casts of benign colonic @entity652 showed that the microvasculature had a similar organization to normal colon. However, capillaries and venules were elongated and had increased diameters compared to normal. In @entity652 greater than 3 mm in diameter, there was an increased density of microvessels in the spaces between @entity5 cells. Vascular casts of @entity694 were characterized by a disorganized structure and increased density of microvessels. The organization of microvessels within @entity189 had a similar overall pattern to normal colon. However, the increased number and density of microvessels resulted in formation of nodular clusters of capillaries, formation of "sheets" of frequently anastomosing capillaries, or almost complete packing of the interstitial spaces of the @entity5 by capillaries in places. Most capillaries had a long and tortuous course and numerous capillary sprouts were identified. Tumor microvessels had greater mean diameters than normal. Extravasation of resin from microvessels in @entity189 was frequently seen. The vascular volume of @entity189 (23.1% +/- 12.2), @entity652 (16.3% +/- 3.4), and @entity652 > 3 mm diameter in @entity1 with @entity1412 (17.7% +/- 3.0) were significantly greater than in normal colon (11.0% +/- 4.2). This study indicates that there is an increased vascular density in benign and @entity694 compared to normal colon. The presence of profusely anastomotic microvessels and frequent capillary sprouts is evidence of active neovascularization and suggests control of @entity5 growth could be achieved by modifiers of angiogenesis.

title: Microvascular structure of benign and XXXX in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abnormalities of the tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis', 'FAP']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['sporadic adenomas', 'benign sporadic adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['malignant tumors of the colon', 'colonic carcinomas', 'colonic tumors']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['malignant tumors of the colon']


abstract: An indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test for Legionella antibodies has been used since 1978 at Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen. An increasing annual number of blood specimens from all parts of the country has been tested by IF and the number of Legionella antigens in the test was increased from 4 over 10 to 13, resulting in an ever growing number of seropositive @entity1 over the years. We investigated the occurrence of serologically diagnosed @entity281 from November 1982 through February 1985, a period of 28 months during which the same 13 Legionella antigens were applied in the IF test. We used CDC's criteria for the serological diagnosis of a current @entity281 : a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in antibody titre to greater than or equal to 128 in the IF test. In a test of more than 5,000 blood specimens from 3,374 @entity1 , 69 were found to have diagnostic titre rises. When analysed according to serological reactions with three groups of antigens, seroconversion to a L. pneumophila antigen was found to be more frequent in @entity1 30-59 years old than seroconversion to a non-L. pneumophila Legionella antigen, while in the age group 60-69 this relation was reversed. Thirteen of the 69 @entity1 had acquired their infection abroad. Twelve of these were below the age of 60, and they had all seroconverted to a L. pneumophila antigen. Clinical data were in accordance with the assumption that Legionella may have been the aetiological agent of the disease in our @entity1 selected by serological criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Seroepidemiological study of XXXX in Denmark. A 28-month retrospective survey.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Legionella infection', 'Legionella infections']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Legionella infection']


abstract: @entity1373 after extensive loss of functioning small or large intestine might predispose to the development of @entity5 in the residual adapted bowel. To test this hypothesis, male Fischer @entity35 were randomized to receive 85 to 90% jejunoileal resection or bypass, subtotal colectomy, or no operation (controls). One week later, the first of six weekly s.c. injections of @entity2985 (15 mg/kg/week) was given. At the 36th week postoperatively, mean body weight after enterectomy or colectomy it was 78 to 79% of control. Adaptation after all three operations was characterized by 22 to 84% increments in villous height and crypt depth in the residual functioning ileum (p = 0.05 to 0.001); the depth of colonic crypts was unchanged. Fewer @entity35 developed @entity4056 after enteric bypass (36%) than after any of the other treatments (80 to 91%) (p = 0.01 to 0.001); the depth of colonic crypts was unchanged. Fewer @entity35 developed @entity4056 after enteric bypass (36%) than after any of the other treatments (80 to 91%) (p = 0.01 to 0.001). Compared with controls, bypass reduced the number of @entity694 by 77% (p less than 0.001). Although resection did not affect @entity694 yield, it tripled the incidence of @entity5 in the duodenum and jejunum (p = 0.025). Colectomy promoted @entity105 (p less than 0.05). @entity5 were commoner after intestinal resection. the lower frequency of @entity5 after jejunoileal bypass contrasts with enhanced @entity105 after enterectomy or colectomy. Profound reduction in body weight may prevent the promotional effect of @entity1373 .

title: Contrasting effects of subtotal enteric bypass, enterectomy, and colectomy on @entity2985 -induced intestinal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Anastomotic tumors', 'neoplasia', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity2985 :: ('MESH:D001397', 'Chemical') :: ['azoxymethane']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['Compensatory hyperplasia', 'adaptive hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity4056 :: ('MESH:D007414', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal tumors']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis', 'rectal carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colonic tumor', 'colonic tumors']

answer: @entity105 :: (MESH:D063646,Disease) :: ['carcinogenesis']


abstract: The 'epidemic' of @entity712 seems to be changing, but precise prevalence estimates of @entity712 and @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ) in older adults, based on adequate echocardiographic assessment, are scarce. Systematic reviews including recent studies on the prevalence of @entity712 and @entity1002 are lacking. We aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence of @entity1002 , and @entity712 with reduced (HFrEF) and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in the older population at large. A systematic electronic search of the databases Medline and Embase was performed. Studies that reported prevalence estimates in community-dwelling @entity1 >= 60   years old were included if echocardiography was used to establish the diagnosis. In total, 28 articles from 25 different study populations were included. The median prevalence of systolic and 'isolated' diastolic @entity1002 was 5.5% (range 3.3-9.2%) and 36.0% (range 15.8-52.8%), respectively. A peak in @entity299 prevalence seems to have occurred between 1995 and 2000. 'All type' @entity712 had a median prevalence rate of 11.8% (range 4.7-13.3%), with fairly stable rates in the last decade and with HFpEF being more common than HFrEF [median prevalence 4.9% (range 3.8-7.4%) and 3.3% (range 2.4-5.8%), respectively]. Both @entity1002 and @entity712 remain common in the older population at large. The prevalence of @entity67 is on the rise and currently higher than that of @entity299 . The prevalence of the latter seems to have decreased in the 21st century.

title: Epidemiology of @entity712 : the prevalence of @entity712 and XXXX in older adults over time. A systematic review.

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVD', 'left ventricular dysfunction']

answer: @entity67 :: (MESH:D018754,Disease) :: ['ventricular dysfunction']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VL-PAG) is a key component that mediates @entity158 modulation. Although spinal cord glial cells appear to play an important role in @entity1118 development, the precise mechanisms involving descending facilitation pathways from the PAG following @entity128 are poorly understood. This study shows that cellular events that occur during glial activation in the VL-PAG may promote descending facilitation from the PAG during @entity9 . @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ) was induced by ligature construction of the sciatic nerve in male @entity35 . Behavioral responses to noxious mechanical (paw withdrawal threshold; PWT) and thermal (paw withdrawal latency; PWL) stimuli were evaluated. After @entity8638 , immunohistochemical and Western blot analysis of microglia and astrocytes in the VL-PAG showed morphological and quantitative changes indicative of activation in microglia and astrocytes. Intra-VL-PAG injection of microglial or astrocytic inhibitors attenuated PWT and PWL at days 7 and 14, respectively, following @entity8638 . We also evaluated the effects of intra-VL-PAG administration of the phosphorylated @entity12220 (p- @entity12220 MAPK) inhibitor @entity1441 at day 7 after @entity8638 . This treatment abolished microglial activation and produced a significant time-dependent attenuation of PWT and PWL. Western blot analysis showed localized expression of p- @entity12220 in the VL-PAG after @entity8638 . P- @entity12220 was expressed in labeled microglia of the VL-PAG but was not present in astrocytes and neurons on day 7 after @entity8638 . These results demonstrate that @entity8638 -induced @entity9 is associated with glial activation in the VL-PAG, which likely participates in descending @entity158 facilitation through the @entity12220 MAPK signaling pathway.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Glial activation in the periaqueductal gray promotes descending facilitation of @entity9 through the XXXX MAPK signaling pathway.

entities_list: @entity128 :: ('MESH:D020209', 'Disease') :: ['nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity12220 :: ('81649(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase', 'p38']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CCI', 'Chronic constriction nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

entities_list: @entity9 :: ('MESH:D009437', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathic pain']

answer: @entity12220 :: (81649(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['p38']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several treatment options exist for uncomplicated @entity1491 . Standardized and effective informed consent is difficult in busy dermatology clinics. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether an educational video depicting 3 treatment options for uncomplicated @entity1491 -excision, electrodessication and curettage, and topical therapy-before standard in-office informed consent affected @entity1 knowledge and consent time compared with standard in-office consent alone. METHODS: @entity1 were randomized to receive video education plus verbal discussion (video) or standard verbal discussion alone (control). Both groups completed baseline and final knowledge assessments. The primary outcome measure was change in knowledge scores between groups. Secondary outcomes were @entity1 satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and informed consent time. RESULTS: In all, 32 eligible @entity1 (16 control, 16 video) from an academic institution and affiliate Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center dermatology clinics participated. The video group had significantly greater gains in knowledge compared with the control group (mean      SD: 9      3.6 vs 2.9      2.2) (P  =  .0048). There was no significant difference in total consent time between groups. @entity1 and physicians were highly satisfied with the video. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and slight methodological difference between recruitment sites are limitations. CONCLUSION: Video-based education for @entity1491 improved @entity1 knowledge with no  additional physician time when compared with standard communication.

title: A video-based educational pilot for XXXX ( @entity1491 ) treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['basal cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity130 is common, little is known about which factors lead to poor functional outcomes. We sought to determine which characteristics of @entity764 predict @entity358 or health-related quality of life. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial involving @entity1 with @entity764 at a Level I @entity130 center between December 2007 and July 2012. We evaluated the overall severity of the @entity764 -characterized primarily by the number of @entity174 -and rib @entity174 location (upper, middle, and lower; anterior, lateral, and posterior) as predictors of @entity1 -reported outcomes 60 days after injury: @entity1353 burden (0-40), Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (MMRC) (0-4), St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), and normalized Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scores. RESULTS: Of 189 evaluable subjects, the mean (SD) number of @entity174 was 5 (4). The number of @entity174 was not associated with @entity1353 burden, MMRC, or SGRQ scores. After adjustment for confounders, each additional fractured rib was associated with worse SF-36 Physical Functioning and Bodily @entity158 scores (-0.6 units [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.1 to 0.0] and -0.8 units [95% CI, -1.3 to -0.2], respectively). @entity174 were associated with worse @entity1353 burden (3.4 units; 95% CI, 1.0-5.9), MMRC score (0.4 units; 95% CI, 0.0-0.8), and SF-36 Physical Functioning, Role-Physical, Role-Emotional, and Physical Component Summary scores (-4 units [95% CI, -8 to 0], -5 units [95% CI, -8 to -1], -4 units [95% CI, -8 to 0], and -4 units [95% CI, -7 to -1], respectively). CONCLUSION: The overall anatomic severity of @entity764 does not predict @entity1109 60 days after injury, but it does predict increased @entity1 perceptions of @entity158 and physical function limitations. @entity174 predict both persistent respiratory symptoms and perception of decreased overall health. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.

title: Characteristics of XXXX that predict @entity358 : A secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'fractured ribs', 'Lower rib fractures']

entities_list: @entity1109 :: ('MESH:D012678', 'Disease') :: ['worse dyspnea symptoms']

entities_list: @entity764 :: ('MESH:D013898', 'Disease') :: ['chest wall injury', 'chest wall injuries']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['postrecovery pulmonary symptoms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['trauma', 'thoracic trauma']

answer: @entity764 :: (MESH:D013898,Disease) :: ['chest wall injuries']


abstract: PURPOSE: To document the evolution and functional and structural significance of parafoveal rings of high-density fundus autofluorescence (AF) in @entity1 with @entity6391 and preserved visual acuity. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity1 with @entity6391 or @entity15439 , who had a parafoveal ring of high-density AF and a visual acuity of 20/30 or better, were ascertained. All had international standard full-field electroretinography and pattern electroretinography. Autofluorescence imaging was repeated in 30 @entity1 after periods of up to 9.3 years. Of the 52 @entity1 , 35 underwent optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Progressive constriction of the ring was detected in 17 @entity1 . Ring radius reduced by up to 40% at a mean rate of between 0.8% and 15.8% per year. In 1 @entity1 , a small ring was replaced by irregular AF; visual acuity deteriorated over the same period. There was a high correspondence between the lateral extent of the preserved optical coherence tomography inner segment/outer segment band and the diameter of the ring along the same optical coherence tomographic scan plane (slope, 0.9; r = 0.97; P < 0.005; n = 35) and between preserved inner segment/outer segment lamina and the pattern electroretinography P50 measure of macular function (R = 0.72; P < 0.005; n = 34). CONCLUSION: Rings of increased AF surround areas of preserved outer retina and preserved photopic function. Serial fundus AF may provide prognostic indicators for preservation of central acuity and potentially assist in the identification and evaluation of @entity1 suitable for treatment aimed at preservation of remaining function.

title: Serial imaging and structure-function correlates of high-density rings of fundus autofluorescence in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity15439 :: ('MESH:D052245', 'Disease') :: ['Usher syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6391 :: ('MESH:D012174', 'Disease') :: ['nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa', 'retinitis pigmentosa']

answer: @entity6391 :: (MESH:D012174,Disease) :: ['retinitis pigmentosa']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Like menopause, during complete lactation, circulating @entity172 concentrations are markedly reduced, resulting in amplified bone resorption. AIM OF STUDY: To investigate the effects of soy @entity6400 , common dietary components used to mitigate the @entity604 of menopause, on the @entity604 associated with lactation. METHODS: Lactating @entity35 were randomized to one of four diets supplemented with different levels of soy @entity6400 (0, 2, 4, 8 mg aglycone @entity3093 /g protein). Milk was collected from all dams between days 12 and 15 of lactation and was analyzed for @entity460 , @entity3151 and @entity670 concentrations. Serum and bones from half of the animals from each diet group were taken at weaning and from the remaining half at 4 weeks post-weaning. Bones underwent histomorphometric analysis and serum was used for @entity670 determinations. RESULTS: Serum @entity670 and milk concentrations reflected dietary @entity3093 dose. @entity3093 intake had no effect on any of the bone changes associated with lactation or recovery. Milk @entity460 and mineral concentrations were unaffected by dietary @entity6400 . CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of soy @entity6400 , in levels that can be readily attained through soy foods, have neither protective effects on bone nor deleterious effects on milk quality or quantity during lactation.

title: Effects of soy @entity3093 consumption on bone structure and milk mineral concentration in a XXXX model of lactation-associated @entity604 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3093 :: ('CHEBI:18220', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavone', 'Isoflavone']

entities_list: @entity670 :: ('MESH:D019833', 'Chemical') :: ['genistein']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

entities_list: @entity6400 :: ('MESH:D007529', 'Chemical') :: ['isoflavones']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Advantages of new oral anticoagulations may be greater in @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 of poor anticoagulation control with @entity1229 . The SAMe-TT2R2 scoring system, based on clinical variables, was recently developed to aid in identifying these @entity1 . In this study, we investigated the association of this clinical composite score with genetic factors related @entity1229 dosing and the quality of anticoagulation control. METHODS: Clinical and genetic data were collected from 380 consecutive Korean @entity1 with @entity955 (CHA2DS2-VASc score, 3.5  1.8) who were followed for an average of 4 years. We evaluated factors associated with time in therapeutic range (TTR, INR 2-3), including the @entity5060 and @entity5058 genotypes and the SAMe-TT2R2 score (Sex female, Age <60 years, Medical history [>two co-morbidities], Treatment [interacting drugs, e.g., @entity2643 ], @entity286 use within 2 years [doubled], and Race non-white [doubled]). RESULTS: The average SAMe-TT2R2 score was 3.4  0.9, range 2-7; and 153 @entity1 (40.2%) had SAMe-TT2R2 scores >= 4. Time in specific INR ranges varied depending on the @entity5058 genotype but not with the @entity5060 genotype or the SAMe-TT2R2 score. TTR was higher in @entity1 with the @entity5058 @entity71120 than in @entity5058 TT (61.7  16% vs. 56.7  17.4%, P=0.031). Multivariate testing showed that @entity5058 genotype but not the SAMe-TT2R2 score was significantly associated with labile INRs. There was no correlation between the SAMe-TT2R2 scores and pharmacogenetic data. CONCLUSIONS: A genetic factor, but none of the common clinical and demographic factors, as combined in the SAMe-TT2R2 score, was associated with the quality of anticoagulation control in Korean @entity1 with @entity955 .

title: Lack of Association of Clinical Factors (SAMe-TT2R2) with XXXX / @entity5058 Genotype and Anticoagulation Control Quality.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2643 :: ('MESH:D000638', 'Chemical') :: ['amiodarone']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity5060 :: (1559,Gene) :: ['CYP2C9']


abstract: Cell-cycle induction in hepatocytes protects from prolonged @entity3145 after @entity99 . @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 exhibit @entity99 after @entity4314 ( @entity14605 ) exposure and reduced @entity637 production. Because @entity637 is required for prompt cell-cycle induction after @entity99 , here, we tested the hypothesis that @entity14745 is required for timely hepatocyte entry into the cell cycle after @entity14605 -induced @entity99 . @entity99 was induced by a single injection of @entity14605 . Assays were employed to assess indices of the cell cycle in liver after @entity14605 exposure. @entity1603 incorporation peaked in wild-type @entity19 at 48 h after @entity14605 but was reduced by 80% in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 . Proliferating-cell nuclear-antigen immunohistochemistry revealed blocks in cell-cycle entry and progression to DNA synthesis in @entity14745 -deficient @entity19 48 h after @entity14605 . @entity4698 D, important for G0/G1 progression, was reduced at baseline and 36 h after @entity14605 . @entity30516 , required for G1/S-phase transition, was reduced in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 24 and 48 h after @entity14605 exposure and was associated with reduced phosphorylation of the @entity995 protein. Proliferation in @entity14745 (-/-) @entity19 was delayed, rather than blocked, because indices of cell-cycle progression were restored 72 h after @entity14605 exposure. We concluded that @entity14745 was required for prompt cell-cycle entry (G0- to G1-phase) and G1/S-phase transition after @entity99 . These data support the hypothesis that @entity14745 provides hepatoprotection in the @entity14605 -injured liver, attributable, in part, to timely cell-cycle induction and progression.

title: @entity14745 is required for timely cell-cycle entry and progression in hepatocytes after acute @entity4314 exposure in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1603 :: ('MESH:D001973', 'Chemical') :: ['Bromodeoxyuridine']

entities_list: @entity4314 :: ('MESH:D002251', 'Chemical') :: ['carbon tetrachloride']

entities_list: @entity3145 :: ('MESH:D017695', 'Disease') :: ['tissue damage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver injury', 'liver injury', 'toxic liver injury', 'increased liver injury']

entities_list: @entity995 :: ('MESH:D012175', 'Disease') :: ['retinoblastoma']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: The outcome of @entity325 by three species of microsporidia in the genera Endoreticulatus, Nosema, and Vairimorpha, isolated from different populations of @entity13476 in Bulgaria, was evaluated in the laboratory. All possible combinations of two species were administered either simultaneously or sequentially to larvae, and mortality, duration of development, and larval weight at 20 days post- @entity281 (simultaneous inoculation) or 23 days post- @entity281 (sequential inoculation) were chosen as the outcome variables. Larvae were also dissected and the presence of each species of microsporidia and the tissues infected were recorded for each treatment. Effects of @entity281 were dependent on both host sex and the type of exposure. Infected larvae were more likely to die than uninfected larvae, but there were no differences in mortality between single and @entity325 . Addition of @entity281 of Nosema or Vairimorpha significantly increased duration of development to the fourth ecdysis; this effect was additive. Addition of Nosema or Vairimorpha to an existing @entity281 had no such effect. When Nosema was administered simultaneously with Endoreticulatus or Vairimorpha, infected larvae weighed more than larvae that had single infections with either pathogen. Nosema was displaced from the silk glands by Vairimorpha and Nosema suppressed octospore formation by Vairimorpha in fat body. The histological evidence combined with the data on larval weight supports the hypothesis that competition occurred in @entity325 .

title: The impact of XXXX of three species of microsporidia isolated from the @entity13476 , @entity13476 L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Endoreticulatus to infections', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['mixed infections', 'mixed infection']

entities_list: @entity13476 :: ('13123', 'Species') :: ['Lymantria dispar']

answer: @entity325 :: (MESH:D060085,Disease) :: ['mixed infection']


abstract: It has been shown that the invasive trypomastigote forms of @entity1527 use and modulate components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) during the initial process of @entity281 . Infective trypomastigotes up-regulate the expression of laminin y-1 ( @entity41993 ) and thrombospondin (THBS1) to facilitate the recruitment of trypomastigotes to enhance cellular @entity281 . Silencing the expression of @entity41993 and THBS1 by stable RNAi dramatically reduces trypanosome @entity281 . @entity1527 gp83, a ligand that mediates the attachment of trypanosomes to cells to initiate @entity281 , up-regulates @entity41993 expression to enhance cellular @entity281 . Infective trypomastigotes interact with @entity41993 through galectin-3 ( @entity14813 ), a @entity1 lectin, to enhance cellular @entity281 . Silencing the expression of @entity14813 also reduces cellular @entity281 . Some trypanosome surface molecules also interact with the ECM to facilitate @entity281 . Despite the role of the ECM in @entity1527 @entity281 , almost nothing is known about the ECM interactome networks operating in the process of @entity1527 @entity281 . In this mini review, we critically analyze and discuss the regulation of the ECM by @entity1527 and its gp83 ligand, and present the first elucidation of the @entity1 ECM interactome network, regulated by @entity1527 and its gp83 ligand, to facilitate cellular @entity281 . The elucidation of the @entity1 ECM interactome regulated by @entity1527 is critically important to the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of @entity1527 @entity281 and developing novel approaches of intervention in @entity1526 .

title: REGULATION of the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INTERACTOME by XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1527 :: ('5693', 'Species') :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi', 'T. cruzi']

entities_list: @entity1526 :: ('MESH:D014355', 'Disease') :: ["Chagas' disease"]

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1527 :: (5693,Species) :: ['Trypanosoma cruzi']


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Because both, glycemic index (GI) and @entity1735 content of the diet increase insulin levels and could thus impair fat oxidation, we hypothesized that refeeding a low GI, moderate- @entity1735 diet facilitates weight maintenance. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Healthy @entity1 (n=32, age 26.0  3.9 years; BMI 23.4  2.0   kg/m(2)) followed 1 week of controlled overfeeding, 3 weeks of caloric restriction and 2 weeks of hypercaloric refeeding (+50, -50 and +50% energy requirement) with low vs high GI (41 vs 74) and moderate vs high @entity435 intake (50% vs 65% energy). We measured adaptation of fasting macronutrient oxidation and the capacity to supress fat oxidation during an oral @entity413 tolerance test. Changes in fat mass were measured by quantitative magnetic resonance. RESULTS: During overfeeding, @entity1 gained 1.9  1.2   kg body weight, followed by a weight loss of -6.3  0.6   kg and weight regain of 2.8  1.0   kg. Subjects with 65% @entity435 gained more body weight compared with 50% @entity435 diet (P<0.05) particularly with HGI meals (P<0.01). Refeeding a high-GI diet led to an impaired basal fat oxidation when compared with a low-GI diet (P<0.02), especially at 65% @entity435 intake. Postprandial metabolic flexibility was unaffected by refeeding at 50% @entity435 but clearly impaired by 65% @entity435 diet (P<0.05). Impairment in fasting fat oxidation was associated with regain in fat mass (r=0.43, P<0.05) and body weight (r=0.35; P=0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Both higher GI and higher @entity1735 content affect substrate oxidation and thus the regain in body weight in healthy @entity1 . These results argue in favor of a lower glycemic load diet for weight maintenance after weight loss.

title: XXXX intake and glycemic index affect substrate oxidation during a controlled weight cycle in healthy @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

answer: @entity1735 :: (CHEBI:16646,Chemical) :: ['Carbohydrate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity5 in Singapore @entity1 . @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) is the putative, non-obligate precursor of the majority of invasive @entity0 . The efficacy of the Singapore breast-screening pilot project in detecting early stage @entity0 led to the launch of a national breast-screening programme, BreastScreen Singapore (BSS), in January 2002. In this study, we compared clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics, as well as clinical outcomes, between screen-detected and symptomatic @entity3821 . The study cohort comprised 1202 cases of @entity3821 diagnosed at Singapore General Hospital from 1994 to 2010. Comparison of clinicopathological parameters, immunohistochemical results of ER, PR, @entity1722 , @entity6881 , @entity470 , and 34bE12, and clinical outcomes was carried out between the 2 groups. Amongst 1202 cases, 610 (50.7  %) were screen-detected and 592 (49.3  %) were symptomatic @entity3821 . Screen-detected cases were smaller in size (P  <  0.001), of lower nuclear grade (P  =  0.004), and more frequently expressed ER (P  <  0.001). Luminal A phenotype was more frequently observed in screen-detected @entity3821 , while triple-negative and @entity1722 phenotypes were more common in symptomatic @entity3821 (P  <  0.001). The basal-like phenotype was also more frequent in symptomatic @entity3821 (P  =  0.041). Mean and median follow-up was 99.7 and 97.8  months, respectively, with a maximum follow-up of 246.0  months. More symptomatic @entity1 developed invasive recurrences compared to screen-detected @entity1 (P  =  0.001). A trend for better disease-free survival was observed in screen-detected @entity1 (P  =  0.076). @entity1 who were screen-detected experienced better overall survival than those with symptomatic @entity3821 (P  =  0.007). Our data indicate a more  favourable outcome of screen-detected @entity3821 @entity1 confirming the role of BSS in early identification of this curable  disease.

title: Characteristics and behaviour of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: comparison with symptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['Ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['Breast cancer', 'breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: We have investigated the pharmacokinetics and effects on the male reproductive axis of a novel preparation of @entity71007 (TD) with a progestogen implant. Twenty healthy Chinese @entity1 were administered TD (400 mg intramuscular 4 weekly) with two subcutaneous (SC) etonogestrel implants. Trough @entity251 concentrations rose with repeated administration. Peak concentrations 1 week after the fourth injection were 31 +/- 2 nmol/liter. Both LH and FSH were rapidly suppressed and continued to fall during treatment. Spermatogenesis was also suppressed, to <or=1 x 10(6)/mL in all @entity1 with 16 (80%) azoospermic at 12 weeks. Treatment was associated with an increase in weight, and also increases in hemoglobin concentration (9%) and hematocrit (15%). No subjects withdrew from the study, although the study was terminated after subjects had completed 12 to 18 weeks as some @entity1 were found to have elevated liver enzyme tests. These data demonstrate that the pharmacokinetics of TD are improved compared to previous injectable @entity251 preparations, although peak @entity251 concentrations rise briefly into the supraphysiological range. The speed and degree of spermatogenic suppression suggest that this combination has promise as an effective male contraceptive.

title: Investigation of a novel preparation of XXXX in @entity1 : pharmacokinetics and spermatogenic suppression with etonogestrel implants.

entities_list: @entity71007 :: ('MESH:C041677', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone decanoate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

answer: @entity71007 :: (MESH:C041677,Chemical) :: ['testosterone decanoate']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Targeted spinal @entity479 injections are effective in @entity615 in selected @entity1 populations and carry a small risk of significant adverse neurological outcomes. Recent recommendations are for the use of non-particulate @entity479 agents for all spinal injections to reduce the risk of @entity531 adverse events. Many injections have used a combination of local anaesthetic agent with the @entity479 . At our institutions, we have recently observed interactions between @entity1342 and @entity619 combinations ascribed to the incompatibility of the former with alkaline solutions, resulting in rapid crystallisation. This study has further investigated the combinations of commonly used local anaesthetic and @entity479 combinations to determine if such precipitation effects are more widespread. METHODS: The commonly used local anaesthetics ( @entity3303 , @entity1341 , @entity1342 ) and the non-particulate @entity479 @entity619 @entity10457 combinations were evaluated macroscopically, microscopically, and pH values measured. Where crystallisation was observed the rate of precipitation and crystal size was measured. Contamination of @entity1342 with @entity4388 solution was also evaluated. Particulate size of the particulate @entity479 agent @entity43756 was evaluated as a comparison. RESULTS: All mixtures of @entity1342 and the non-particulate @entity619 @entity10457 assessed demonstrated a pH-dependent crystallisation of the solution. No precipitation was demonstrated with the combinations of @entity619 and @entity3303 or @entity1341 . Contamination of @entity1342 with residual @entity4388 in a drawing up needle following air clearing had a precipitation effect. CONCLUSION: We describe the effect of crystallisation with the combination of @entity1342 and the non-particulate @entity479 , @entity21025 , a mixture that has been used in the literature for targeted @entity158 injections. As this may be considered a non-particulate @entity479 /anaesthetic injectate, this would potentially carry increased risk if inadvertent intravascular injection occurred during a targeted spinal injection, as has been described with particulate @entity479 agents. This is due to the elevated pH of @entity619 and the incompatibility of @entity1342 with alkaline solutions.

title: @entity1342 and @entity619 : a potentially dangerous combination for therapeutic XXXX injections.

entities_list: @entity21025 :: ('MESH:C004180', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity4388 :: ('MESH:D017693', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium bicarbonate']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['reducing back pain']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lignocaine']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity43756 :: ('CHEBI:31275', 'Chemical') :: ['betamethasone acetate']

entities_list: @entity10457 :: ('MESH:C018279', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity531 :: ('MESH:D013901', 'Disease') :: ['neurovascular embolic']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: The heart of the ostracod crustacean @entity71006 has a single intrinsic neuron that morphologically appears to innervate the myocardium. We, therefore, examined the heart activity electrophysiologically to determine whether the heartbeat is neurogenic. Each heartbeat is associated with a myocardial action potential composed of a spike potential followed by a plateau potential. The frequency of the action potential is not stable but changes successively over a wide range. The action potential is not preceded by a pacemaker potential and has an inflection in its rising phase. The myocardial cells couple electrically and fire almost simultaneously. The frequency of the action potential was unchanged by injection of depolarizing or hyperpolarizing current into the myocardium. However, @entity73 potentials appeared during the depolarization and its frequency was higher with increasing current intensity. Application of 1-microM @entity1022 ( @entity4524 ) depolarized the myocardial membrane and completely prevented the action potential. During this depolarization, @entity73 potentials often appeared spontaneously. These results suggest that, although the myocardium has a property of conditional oscillator, the heartbeat is driven by the single cell cardiac ganglion that has both pacemaker and motor functions.

title: Cardiac pacemaker mechanisms in the ostracod crustacean XXXX .

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['slow oscillatory']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity71006 :: ('6674', 'Species') :: ['Vargula hilgendorfii']

answer: @entity71006 :: (6674,Species) :: ['Vargula hilgendorfii']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited published data defining complete pleural fluid analysis, echocardiographic characteristics, or the presence or absence of @entity843 on sonographic or CT imaging in @entity1 with @entity99 . METHODS: We reviewed pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic findings in 41 consecutive @entity1 with @entity99 referred to the Pleural Procedure Service for thoracentesis. RESULTS: Ascites was detected on sonographic or CT imaging in 38 of 39 @entity1 (97%). @entity67 was found in 11 of 21 @entity1 (52%). Contrast echocardiography with agitated saline demonstrated an intrapulmonary shunt in 18 of 23 cases (78%). Solitary @entity99 had a median pleural fluid pH of 7.49 (fifth to 95th percentile, 7.40-7.57), total protein level of 1.5 g/dL (0.58-2.34), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 65 IU/L (36-138). The median pleural fluid/serum protein ratio and pleural LDH/upper limit of normal serum LDH ratio were 0.25 (0.10-0.43) and 0.27 (0.14-0.57), respectively. The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 26 cells/ L (1-230). Only a single @entity1 had a protein discordant exudate despite 83% of @entity1 receiving diuretics. When comparing solitary @entity99 and spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 , there was no statistically significant difference among pleural fluid total protein (P = .99), LDH (P = .33), and serum albumin (P = .47). ANC was higher in @entity1 with spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic hydrothorax virtually always presents with @entity843 that is detectable on sonographic or CT imaging. The development of an "exudate" from diuretic therapy is a rare phenomenon in @entity99 . In contrast, @entity67 and intrapulmonary shunting are common in @entity1 with @entity99 . There was no statistically significant change in pleural fluid parameters with spontaneous bacterial @entity5641 , except an increased ANC.

title: Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5641 :: ('MESH:D010998', 'Disease') :: ['pleuritis']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['Diastolic dysfunction', 'diastolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic hydrothorax']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic hydrothorax']


abstract: @entity16 can occur in the postoperative period of @entity1498 repair, @entity63 being the pathogenic factor most likely to be involved. This study was designed to evaluate the extent of the hemodynamic changes proximal and distal to the @entity1498 at the time of cross-clamping, as well as the effects of @entity30049 and @entity3044 upon the hemodynamic changes. Included in the study were 17 @entity1 with adult type coarctations who had dual hemodynamic monitoring. During cross-clamping, there was an increase in the gradient between proximal and distal pressures, with severe @entity551 (< 50 mm Hg) occurring in six @entity1 . @entity3044 corrected the @entity551 in five @entity1 , but the sixth required a surgical shunt. @entity30049 was effective for the treatment of proximal @entity101 ; however, it also decreased distal pressure. The ligation of collateral vessels was associated with a decrease in distal pressures as well. During cross-clamping, pentolinium was useful for the management of proximal @entity101 and @entity3044 increased the distal pressures in some of the @entity1 who presented @entity551 . However, because of the difficulties in predicting the individual response, their administration would be best guided by dual pressure monitoring. It is postulated that the recognition and proper treatment of @entity551 may be an important factor in the prophylaxis of @entity260 .

title: Technical and pharmacologic management of @entity551 during repair of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['Neurologic and abdominal complications']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity3044 :: ('MESH:D007545', 'Chemical') :: ['Isoproterenol', 'isoproterenol']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['aortic coarctation', 'coarctation']

entities_list: @entity30049 :: ('MESH:D010425', 'Chemical') :: ['pentolinium', 'Pentolinium']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension', 'distal hypotension']

answer: @entity1498 :: (MESH:D001017,Disease) :: ['coarctation of the aorta']