abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity808 are uncommon @entity5 of the brain often treated by surgical resection. Surgery may be associated with high morbidity. OBJECTIVE: We present a series of @entity808 treated with linear accelerator radiosurgery during a 19-year period. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of @entity1 who underwent treatment of @entity808 at the University of Florida with linear accelerator radiosurgery between August 1989 and February 2008. Forty-nine @entity1 underwent treatment during the study period, and 6 were lost to follow up. The mean age was 51 years (range, 17-82 years), 39% had previous surgical resection, and 67% presented with preradiosurgery @entity129 . There were 25 trigeminal, 18 jugular foramen, 2 facial, 2 oculomotor, 1 hypoglossal, and 1 high cervical @entity808 . The median @entity5 volume was 5.3 mL (range, 0.3-24.5 mL), treated with a median dose of 1250 cGy (range, 1000-1500 cGy). Study endpoints were actuarial local @entity5 control and neurological outcome. RESULTS: Forty-three @entity1 were available for a median follow-up of 37 months (range, 6-210 months). Actuarial local @entity5 control was 97% at 1 year, 91% at 4.5 years, and 83% at 5 years. There were 4 new @entity129 (9%) including facial @entity1183 (2 @entity1 ), anesthesia dolorosa (1 @entity1 ), and @entity425 (1 @entity1 ). Thirty-nine percent had documented clinical and/or symptomatic improvement. There were no other morbidity and no mortality with treatment. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery for @entity808 offers good actuarial local @entity5 control and has superior morbidity compared with surgical resection. This is the largest linear accelerator radiosurgical series, and the second largest radiosurgical series reported to date.

title: Linear accelerator radiosurgery for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity808 :: ('MESH:D009442', 'Disease') :: ['Nonvestibular schwannomas', 'schwannomas', 'nonvestibular schwannomas']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['facial weakness']

answer: @entity808 :: (MESH:D009442,Disease) :: ['nonvestibular schwannomas']


abstract: We performed a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects of long-term treatment of inhaled @entity4184 and @entity4183 on @entity6587 in 17 @entity1 with @entity56 . Both drugs were administered for 4 weeks with a placebo-treatment period before and after each active-treatment period. To assess @entity6587 , standardized inhalation provocation tests with @entity112 and @entity1169 were performed every 2 weeks. Before each inhalation provocation the drugs were withheld for at least 12 hours. Before the @entity4184 treatment the FEV1 value (percent predicted) was 85.3 +/- 4.1% (mean +/- SEM). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with this drug, the value increased significantly to 89.4 +/- 4.1% and 96.2 +/- 3.8%, respectively (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.005). The @entity112 provocation concentrations causing a decrease in FEV1 of 20% (PC20) on the same days were 4.0, 7.2, and 9.5 mg/ml, respectively (both p less than 0.001). The PC20 values for @entity1169 , which were measured 1 hour after the @entity112 provocation, were 11.7, 13.3, and 14.0 mg/ml (ns). The FEV1 values before and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment with @entity4183 were 86.2 +/- 4.0%, 84.8 +/- 4.1%, and 87.0 +/- 4.6%, respectively. The @entity112 PC20 values on the same days were 4.7, 3.1 (p less than 0.05), and 3.8 mg/ml, respectively. The @entity1169 PC20 values were 14.2, 8.7, and 10.1 mg/ml (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05, respectively. We conclude that @entity4184 improves @entity6587 , possibly by a dampening of late @entity56 , whereas treatment with @entity4183 may lead to a temporary increase of @entity6587 , possibly as a result of beta-receptor desensitization.

title: Changes in @entity6587 induced by 4 weeks of treatment with antiasthmatic drugs in XXXX with @entity56 : a comparison between @entity4184 and @entity4183 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic asthma', 'allergic reactions']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

entities_list: @entity6587 :: ('MESH:D016535', 'Disease') :: ['bronchial hyperreactivity']

entities_list: @entity4183 :: ('MESH:D013726', 'Chemical') :: ['terbutaline']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trastuzumab-based therapy after diagnosis of brain metastases (BM) may improve survival due to prolonged @entity262 control. We investigated whether @entity9433 may yield additional survival benefit. METHODS: Eighty @entity1 with BM from @entity1722 -positive @entity0 were identified. Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS) of at least 70 was required. We included a control group of 37 @entity1 treated before 2003, when continuation of trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was not yet recommended. Remainders received either trastuzumab or @entity9433 and trastuzumab (either concomitantly or sequentially) with or without chemotherapy. RESULTS: Median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 receiving trastuzumab after diagnosis of BM was 13 months; corresponding numbers were 9 months in @entity1 treated with chemotherapy, and 3 months with radiotherapy alone. Median @entity1349 was not reached in the @entity9433 group. Addition of @entity9433 prolonged @entity1349 over trastuzumab alone (P=0.002). After correction for potential confounders, @entity9433 therapy remained an independent positive predictor for survival (HR 0.279; P=0.012). INTERPRETATION: This retrospective single-centre study suggests that the introduction of @entity9433 improved survival in @entity1 with BM from @entity1722 -positive @entity0 . @entity1 with KPS >= 70 may benefit when treated with @entity9433 in addition to trastuzumab after completion of local therapy.

title: Impact of anti- @entity1722 therapy on @entity1349 in @entity1722 -overexpressing XXXX @entity1 with brain metastases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity9433 :: ('MESH:C490728', 'Chemical') :: ['lapatinib']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['systemic disease']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Microcalcifications containing @entity692 (HA) are often associated with malignant @entity1 breast lesions. Frequently, they are the only mammographic features that indicate the presence of a @entity5 . We previously reported the induction of both mitogenesis and @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) production and the increased activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) @entity1476 and @entity1495 in normal @entity1 mammary epithelial cells and @entity0 cell lines, treated with HA. In the present study we attempted to elucidate the mechanism of these biological effects. Firstly, we found that direct cell-crystal contact was required for induction of mitogenesis as the effect was not merely a result of isotopic exchange of @entity460 into the culture medium. Treatment with @entity7999 , a proton pump inhibitor, abrogated HA-induced mitogenesis to control cell levels. These results suggest that phagocytosis and intracellular crystal dissolution is required for HA-induced mitogenesis. We also demonstrated that the increase in @entity1421 , previously reported, is due, at least in part, to HA-induced upregulation of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) in Hs578T cells. An accumulation of @entity3334 mRNA was also shown in response to HA stimulation in Hs578T cells. Furthermore, a HA-induced increase in @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ), a potent inducer of @entity3334 gene expression, was demonstrated in Hs578T cells at 2 and 4 h. Treatment with @entity63886 (PC) (a naturally occurring inhibitor of @entity78 crystallisation, which is known to block a number of HA-induced biological effects in other cell types) blocked HA-mediated mitogenesis, as well as, @entity3840 , @entity3334 and @entity1356 induction, at the transcriptional level. These results show that @entity460 HA crystals are capable of exerting significant biological effects on surrounding cells which can be abrogated by PC and emphasise the role of @entity460 HA in amplifying the pathological process involved in @entity0 .

title: @entity63886 inhibits XXXX induced mitogenesis and upregulation of @entity3334 , @entity1356 and @entity3840 mRNA in @entity1 @entity0 cell lines.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumoural lesion']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity1356 :: ('3553', 'Gene') :: ['interleukin-1beta', 'IL-1beta']

entities_list: @entity63886 :: ('MESH:C014148', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocitrate']

entities_list: @entity78 :: ('MESH:C020243', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium phosphate']

entities_list: @entity692 :: ('MESH:D017886', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium hydroxyapatite']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity7999 :: ('MESH:C040929', 'Chemical') :: ['bafilomycin A1']

answer: @entity692 :: (MESH:D017886,Chemical) :: ['calcium hydroxyapatite']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13493 ( @entity13493 ) is associated with @entity32 and infection, and it may involve the loss of a barrier to ascending infection from the vagina, and it is possible that prolonged @entity13493 could be an independent risk factor for @entity295 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether prolonged latency after @entity13493 is associated with an increased risk of @entity295 . STUDY DESIGN: This secondary analysis of the randomized controlled trial of @entity2399 for the prevention of @entity306 evaluated whether the time interval between diagnosis of @entity13493 and delivery was associated with an increased risk of @entity295 . Latency time was categorized by weeks of latency (0 weeks to >=  4 weeks). The primary outcome was confirmed @entity295 . Logistic regression was used to control for confounders. RESULTS: A total of 1596 @entity1 with @entity13493 were analyzed, of whom 1390 had a < 4-week interval and 206 had an interval of >=  4 weeks. @entity295 occurred in 15.5% of @entity1 in the cohort. In the univariate analysis, @entity1 in the prolonged @entity13493 group were less likely to have @entity295 (6.8% vs 17.2%, relative risk, 0.40 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.66). This relationship was retained in the multivariable model; @entity1 with prolonged @entity13493 >=  4 weeks had an adjusted odds ratio of 0.21 (95% confidence interval, 0.10-0.41) for @entity295 . @entity295 was also significantly associated with earlier gestational age at @entity397 . CONCLUSION: Prolonged exposure to an intrauterine environment of @entity13493 does not increase the risk of @entity295 ; prolonged @entity13493 >=  4 weeks was associated with decreased risk of @entity295 .

title: Prolonged latency of preterm premature @entity397 and risk of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['Neonatal sepsis', 'Confirmed neonatal sepsis', 'neonatal sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2399 :: ('MESH:D008278', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium sulfate']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture of membranes']

entities_list: @entity13493 :: ('MESH:C563032', 'Disease') :: ['Preterm premature rupture of membranes', 'PPROM']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity295 :: (MESH:D018805,Disease) :: ['neonatal sepsis']


abstract: In 103 @entity1 with @entity64 without associated infections the prophylactic usefulness of antibiotics was assessed clinically. In 30 @entity1 (group I) and 27 @entity1 (group II) @entity869 was used in daily doses of 2-4 g or @entity114 (Polfa) was given 2.4-4.8 million i.u. during 10 days. In the remaining 46 cases (group III) no antibiotics were given and these @entity1 served as controls. During the first 10 days after @entity64 onset @entity166 complications developed significantly less frequently in controls (in 15 cases, i.e. 33%) than in those receiving antibiotic phophylaxis (40 cases i.e. 70%). The difference between the groups was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). In the second ten-day period no clinical evidence of new infection was observed in any group. It may be supposed in the light of these diseases that administration of @entity3397 or @entity869 to @entity1 with @entity64 without carrying out antibiotic sensitivity tests is unnecessary. Nearly exclusively @entity55 and @entity293 appear in the first ten days after @entity64 onset which may suggest acute and gradually levelling-off of the neuroregulation of immunological defense mechanisms.

title: [Prophylactic use of @entity3397 and XXXX in @entity64 . I. Clinical observations].

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['strokes', 'stroke']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin G']

entities_list: @entity869 :: ('MESH:D000667', 'Chemical') :: ['ampicillin']

entities_list: @entity166 :: ('MESH:D003141', 'Disease') :: ['infectious']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity869 :: (MESH:D000667,Chemical) :: ['ampicillin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity79 ( @entity79 ) status of our @entity8817 ( @entity6017 ) population and to compare the frequency of @entity2331 in @entity1 with @entity66 requiring corticosteroids with that in @entity1 with inactive disease who are not receiving corticosteroids. METHODS: Medical charts of all @entity1 diagnosed as having juvenile @entity6017 at our institution between 1989 and 1999 were reviewed for demographic and clinical data, including disease activity and duration of corticosteroid therapy. @entity79 measurements of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) were performed using dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Z scores were calculated from the @entity79 data for comparison with published normative data. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity1 were assessed: 10 with @entity66 , and 5 with inactive disease who had not taken corticosteroids for an average of 6.0 years (range 3.4-8.1 years). Baseline @entity79 measurements demonstrated @entity2331 or @entity170 in the majority of @entity1 , including 6 of the 10 @entity1 with @entity66 and 4 of the 5 @entity1 whose disease was in remission. Fourteen @entity1 had serial @entity79 measurements. Persistent or worsening @entity2331 was documented in all @entity1 who had ongoing @entity66 , except for 3 @entity1 who had been treated with @entity171 because of @entity3814 . CONCLUSION: @entity2331 is common in @entity1 with juvenile @entity6017 , and it usually worsens with @entity66 . It can persist for many years after the disease enters remission. Bisphosphonates appeared to beneficially affect bone mineralization in our @entity1 . Treatment to prevent the long-term complications of @entity170 in @entity1 with juvenile @entity6017 should be considered and requires further study.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX : assessment using dual x-ray absorptiometry.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['ongoing disease', 'active disease']

entities_list: @entity171 :: ('MESH:D004164', 'Chemical') :: ['bisphosphonates']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['frank osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity3814 :: ('MESH:D050815', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral compression fractures']

entities_list: @entity8817 :: ('MESH:C538250', 'Disease') :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity2331 :: ('MESH:D001851', 'Disease') :: ['osteopenia', 'Osteopenia']

answer: @entity8817 :: (MESH:C538250,Disease) :: ['juvenile dermatomyositis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible clinical and symptomatological determinants of social outcome in @entity161 @entity1 . METHOD: 40 @entity161 @entity1 (DSMIII-R), 21 males and 19 females, mean age 4 +/- 5 years, have been evaluated in the present retrospective study. All of them had first undergone @entity146 hospitalization between 1978 and 1981. The following data have been collected: socio-anagraphic features and course of the @entity221 (AMDP), contacts with community health centre and pharmacological compliance. @entity717 has been investigated by means of a semi-structured interview developed from the "Disability Assessment Schedule" named "Accertamento Disabilit   e Carico Familiare" (ADC), which has been administered to the main carer, usually a cohabitant relative. Presence and level of social support have also been evaluated. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), "t" test with Bonferroni correction and Pearson Correlation test have been used for data analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 with less severe @entity717 (lower scores at ADC) were mainly those with recurrent @entity221 without residual symptoms or remitted ones (p = 0.0001), better pharmacological compliance (p = 0.004), more frequent and regular contacts with community health centres (p = 0.0001) and better social support (p = 0.01). On the contrary, score at ADC resulted positively correlated with number of hospitalizations (r = 0.57, p = 0.01), number of compulsory admission (r = 0.32, p = 0.01) and length of @entity221 (r = 0.40, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although in our study the influence of severity of @entity221 on @entity717 has been confirmed, suggestive evidence about importance of other factors, such as compliance or social support, may be drawn.

title: [Clinical course and social outcome in XXXX . Results from a retrospective study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenic']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Social disability', 'social disability']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['course of illness', 'illness']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: @entity21464 -Adrenergic receptors ( @entity21464 -ARs) are expressed predominantly in white and brown adipose tissue, and @entity21464 -selective agonists are potential anti- @entity28 drugs. However, the role of @entity21464 -ARs in normal physiology is unknown. To address this issue, homologous recombination was used to generate @entity19 that lack @entity21464 -ARs. This was accomplished by direct injection of a DNA-targeting construct into @entity19 zygotes. Twenty-three @entity19 were generated, of which two had targeted disruption of the @entity21166 gene. @entity19 that were homozygous for the disrupted allele had undetectable levels of intact @entity21166 mRNA, as assessed by RNase protection assay and Northern blotting, and lacked functional @entity21464 -ARs, as demonstrated by complete loss of @entity21464 -agonist (CL 316,243)-induced stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and lipolysis. @entity21166 -deficient @entity19 had modestly increased fat stores (females more than males), indicating that @entity21464 -ARs play a role in regulating energy balance. Importantly, @entity11952 but not @entity21167 mRNA levels up-regulated in white and brown adipose tissue of @entity21166 -deficient @entity19 (brown more than white), strongly implying that @entity21464 -ARs mediate physiologically relevant signaling under normal conditions and that "cross-talk" exists between @entity21464 -ARs and @entity11951 gene expression. Finally, acute treatment of normal @entity19 with CL 316,243 increased serum levels of free @entity1718 (FFAs) (3.2-fold) and insulin (140-fold), increased energy expenditure (2-fold), and reduced food intake (by 45%). These effects were completely absent in @entity21166 -deficient @entity19 , proving that the actions of CL are mediated exclusively by @entity21464 -ARs. @entity21166 -deficient @entity19 should be useful as a means to a better understanding of the physiology and pharmacology of @entity21464 -ARs.

title: Targeted disruption of the XXXX gene.

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'mouse', 'transgenic mice', 'Mice']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity21166 :: (11556(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['beta 3-adrenergic receptor']


abstract: Oral @entity2177 was used at doses ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg twice daily for 15 to 476 (mean 139) days for treatment of @entity4432 in 38 @entity1 , and acute @entity625 in two. Clinical efficacy could be evaluated in 34 @entity1 ; 22 had resolution of their @entity4034 , five improved and there were seven failures. @entity796 was the causative agent in 28 @entity1 . It was eradicated in 22 @entity1 , persisted but remained sensitive to @entity2177 in three and persisted with emergence of resistance to @entity2177 in three. Nineteen other pathogens, five Gram-negative and 14 Gram-positive, were isolated. Of those, one strain of @entity794 , two of Staph. epidermidis and three of @entity797 remained sensitive to @entity2177 during treatment. In one @entity1 , Slr. faecalis persisted with emergence of resistance to @entity2177 . Ten adverse events related to @entity2177 treatment were observed in nine @entity1 ; two @entity6337 , two cases of @entity227 , and one each of @entity1910 , @entity490 , malaise, @entity221 , @entity1897 and @entity1712 . In three @entity1 the adverse events led to treatment discontinuation. In conclusion, @entity2177 seems to offer an oral alternative to injectible antibiotics in @entity1 with @entity4034 caused by Gram-negative bacteria, including Ps. aeruginosa.

title: Therapy of acute and chronic gram-negative XXXX with @entity2177 . Report from a Swedish Study Group.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1712 :: ('MESH:D004802', 'Disease') :: ['eosinophilia']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['impaired colour vision']

entities_list: @entity6337 :: ('MESH:D017484', 'Disease') :: ['phototoxic reactions']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity1910 :: ('MESH:D005076', 'Disease') :: ['exanthema']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2177 :: ('MESH:D002939', 'Chemical') :: ['ciprofloxacin']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity797 :: ('1351', 'Species') :: ['Streptococcus faecalis']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity4432 :: ('MESH:D065290', 'Disease') :: ['acute or chronic osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['drug fever']

answer: @entity4034 :: (MESH:D010019,Disease) :: ['osteomyelitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to retrospectively analyze 4-year results after hybrid (combined surgical-endovascular) therapy in @entity1 with complex peripheral TASC type D @entity731 . METHODS: from January 2006 to December 2009, 48 lower limbs in 46 @entity1 with TASC type D @entity731 were treated by hybrid surgical and endovascular therapy. There were 32 male and 16 female, age ranged from 54 to 85 years with an average of 67 years. The early clinical results were determined by ankle brachial index (ABI) and intermittent claudication distance. Patency analyses were performed using Kaplan-Meier life tables. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the influence of various risk factors on primary patency. RESULTS: all lower limbs underwent successful hybrid surgical and endovascular therapy. The average ABI before and after hybrid therapy were 0.63    0.18 and 0.24    0.13 (P < 0.05). The average intermittent claudication distance significantly increased from (87    48) m to (247    62) m (P < 0.05). The mean duration of follow-up was 21.7 months (ranging 1 to 46 months). Over all, the primary patency rates, primary assisted patency rates and second patency rates were 79.2%, 83.3% and 95.8% respectively. The primary patency rate for intermittent claudication was significantly higher than that for @entity63 (P < 0.05). Primary patency rates were lower in @entity1 who underwent open surgery with both proximal and distal endoluminal procedures when compared with endovascular reconstruction proximal or distal to the site of open reconstruction (P < 0.05). The presence of @entity6 and dyslipidaemia were independent predictors of decreased primary patency rate (P = 0.013 and P = 0.008, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid procedures provide an effective treatment management of selected @entity1 with multilevel lower extremity @entity455 .

title: [Hybrid surgical and endovascular therapy in TASC type D XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 48 cases].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['critical limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']


abstract: Natural enemy exploitation of food resources and alternative hosts in noncrop vegetation has been shown to be an effective means of enhancing natural enemy populations in diversified agro-ecosystem. Field trials were conducted in Hawaii to examine effects of interplanting flowering plants on 1) parasitism of @entity4336 earworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) eggs by Trichogramma spp., and 2) abundance of Orius spp. in relation to prey (H. zea eggs and thrips [primarily, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) and Frankliniella williamsi Hood]). Sweet @entity4336 ( @entity2829 ), @entity2829 ., was interplanted with three flowering plants, buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, @entity11314 , @entity11314 (L.), and sunn hemp, Crotolaria juncea L., at 2:1 and 4:1 ( @entity4336 : flowering plant) ratios in 2009 and 2010, respectively. In 2009, the abundance of Orius spp. was significantly greater in the buckwheat-interplanted treatment compared to the monocrop control at similar levels of prey availability, indicating buckwheat flowers might have provided both prey and nectar resources. In 2010, @entity11314 and sunn hemp flowering plants provided a source of an alternate host insect's eggs for Trichogramma spp. oviposition, resulting in significantly higher parasitism of H. zea eggs in the @entity11314 - and sunn hemp-interplanted treatments compared to the monocrop control. Despite of differences in pest and natural enemy interactions in two field trials, our findings suggested that provisioning of an alternate host insect's eggs through flowering plants is an effective means for enhancing Trichogramma spp. and provisioning of both nectar and prey resources through flowering plants is important for enhancing predation by Orius spp.

title: Effects of Interplanting Flowering Plants on the Biological Control of @entity4336 Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Sweet XXXX .

entities_list: @entity11314 :: ('3917', 'Species') :: ['Vigna unguiculata', 'cowpea']

answer: @entity4336 :: (381124,Species) :: ['Corn']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity409 in @entity1 can result in @entity323 or @entity6126 or both. We investigated whether living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) results in improvement in male sexual function. METHODS: A total of 58 @entity1 with @entity3851 ( @entity3851 ) were included in this prospective, cross-sectional study. Erectile function was measured before and after LDLT using a five-item modified version of the International Index of Erectile Function scale (IIEF-5) and @entity6126 was evaluated before and after LDLT using the @entity342 Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM) questionnaire. Differences in mean values from the questionnaires before and after the operation were than evaluated to determine whether there is an association between LDLT and improvement in sexual function. RESULTS: We found that mean IIEF-5 scores significantly increased after LDLT (from 11.7        7.7 before LDLT to 14.7        7.5 after LDLT, p <0.01), indicating that the operation played a role in improving erectile function. In addition, the prevalence of @entity6126 among the @entity1 with @entity3851 decreased markedly after liver transplantation ( @entity6126 before LDLT, n   =   41 versus @entity6126 after LDLT, n   =   31, p   =   0.03). @entity1 with @entity6126 reported a higher prevalence of @entity323 after LDLT than @entity1 without @entity6126 (p <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LDLT results in improvement in erectile function. In addition, improvement in erectile function is associated with self-reported absence of @entity6126 .

title: Erectile function in @entity1 with XXXX improves after living donor liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Impaired liver function']

entities_list: @entity3851 :: ('MESH:D058625', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage liver disease', 'ESLD']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['Androgen']

entities_list: @entity6126 :: ('MESH:D007006', 'Disease') :: ['hypogonadism']

answer: @entity3851 :: (MESH:D058625,Disease) :: ['end-stage liver disease']


abstract: The main hemodynamic disturbance occurring in @entity1 with essential @entity101 is an increase in the total peripheral resistance. In young @entity1 with @entity101 , this disturbance is clearly seen during muscular exercise, even though the calculated resistance might be normal during rest. This article reports results of studies on the long-term hemodynamic effects of two @entity460 channel blockers, @entity1855 and @entity594 , in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity101 . Twenty-five @entity1 , aged 20 to 64 years, with diastolic blood pressures between 100 and 120 mm Hg before treatment were studied at rest and during exercise on ergometer bicycles. Blood pressure was recorded intra-arterially, and cardiac output was measured. After this initial study, 10 @entity1 were treated with @entity1855 (from 40 to 80 mg, three times daily) and 15 @entity1 with @entity594 (long-acting form, from 40 to 80 mg daily). After one year, the hemodynamic study was repeated. Both drugs induced a @entity551 and in the total peripheral resistance without any reduction in the cardiac index. @entity1855 reduced heart rate, particularly during exercise, but this effect was compensated by an increase in the @entity64 volume. The hemodynamic profile of these two @entity460 channel blockers clearly differs from the hemodynamic effects of beta blockers.

title: Hemodynamic effects of XXXX channel blockers at rest and during exercise in essential @entity101 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil', 'Verapamil']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['reduction in blood pressure']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: @entity4822 is a severe injury. Even in cases of an early uncomplicated repositioning there is a high risk of associated intra-articular injuries, such as lesions of the labrum, ruptures of the ligament of the head of the femur and loose bodies. The degree of damage caused by @entity572 becomes apparent with a highly increased risk of developing @entity571 after @entity572 . Some of the major @entity16 resulting from @entity572 , e.g. loose bodies, can be detected by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and can be effectively addressed by hip arthroscopy, thus aiming at reducing the acute symptoms and the risk of @entity571 . The force effect which causes @entity572 can generate severe associated extra-articular injures as in the case described with an unstable @entity174 of the pelvis. This @entity130 had to be considered while planning the operative therapy and rehabilitation. A @entity1 presented after a traffic accident with a luxatio obturatoria on the right side and a complex @entity174 of the left pelvis including the posterior ring and the anterior wall of the acetabulum. After reposition of the right hip and operative therapy of the left side, a loose body was identified in the right hip joint during the computed tomography control of the osteosynthesis. Before @entity1 mobilization extraction of the @entity7334 was performed arthroscopically. This was done in consideration of the reduced possibility of distraction due to the osteosynthesis on the contralateral side. Attention was particularly paid to the risk of intra-abdominal fluid extravasation (IAFE). This syndrome is described as a severe complication during hip arthoscopy especially in cases of defects of the hip capsule as assumed after @entity572 and magnetic resonance imaging.

title: [Hip arthroscopy after luxatio obturatoria. With contralateral unstable pelvic ring XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['postinjury osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['supplementary injury']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular damage']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'dislocation of the hip']

entities_list: @entity7334 :: ('MESH:D057072', 'Disease') :: ['intra-articular loose body']

entities_list: @entity4822 :: ('MESH:D025981', 'Disease') :: ['Traumatic dislocation of the hip']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['fracture']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity697 ( @entity697 ) requires prompt diagnosis and treatment for optimal management. AIMS: To examine whether a putative "weekend effect" impact outcomes of @entity1 hospitalized for @entity697 . METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity1 admitted with @entity697 between 2009 and 2012. After excluding those not meeting Tokyo consensus criteria for @entity697 , the cohort was categorized into weekend (Saturday-Sunday) and weekday (Monday-Friday) hospital admission and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) groups. Primary outcome was length of stay (LOS); secondary outcomes included ERC performance, organ failure, and mortality. Groups were compared with Chi-square and t tests; predictors of LOS were assessed with linear regression. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 181 @entity1 (mean age 63.1  years, 62.4  % male). @entity2877 was the most common etiology of @entity697 (29.4  %). Fifty-two @entity1 (28.7  %) were admitted on a weekend and 129 (71.3  %) on a weekday. One hundred forty-one @entity1 (78  %) underwent ERC, of which 120 (85  %) were on a weekday. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, LOS, proportion undergoing ERC, time to ERC, organ failure, or mortality between weekend and weekday admission groups. Similarly, there were no significant differences between weekend and weekday ERC groups. In multivariate analyses, international normalized ratio (p  <  0.01) and intensive care unit triage (p  <  0.01) were independent predictors of LOS, whereas weekend admission (p  =  0.23) and weekend ERC (p  =  0.74) were not. CONCLUSIONS: Weekend admission and weekend ERC do not negatively impact outcomes of @entity1 hospitalized with acute @entity255 at a tertiary care center. Further studies, particularly in centers with less weekend resources or staffing, are indicated.

title: Weekend Admission for XXXX Does Not Adversely Impact Clinical or Endoscopic Outcomes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['AC', 'Acute cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity255 :: ('MESH:D002761', 'Disease') :: ['cholangitis']

entities_list: @entity2877 :: ('MESH:D042883', 'Disease') :: ['Choledocholithiasis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute Cholangitis']


abstract: The need for a pretreatment staging system to accurately assess programs of therapy for the various sites and stages of childhood @entity980 has become apparent as detailed analyses of many factors affecting prognosis and treatment choices have been accomplished through the national cooperative trial, the Intergroup @entity980 Study (IRS). Initiated in 1972, the IRS has thus far used a clinicopathologic grouping system that is based heavily on therapeutic decisions, particularly on whether or not excision is accomplished and the extent of such an operation. The major problem with this and several other staging classifications now in use is that they depend on pathologic data obtained after surgical treatment has been initiated or rejected. In addition, they do not consider histologic variations of this @entity5 which may be important in estimating prognosis. The large body of clinical data now accumulated in the IRS has provided an excellent opportunity for developing a database for evaluating the International Union Against @entity5 (UICC) pretreatment staging system and also the potential for using histologic categories in the staging process. The records of 505 eligible @entity1 entered into the IRS between 1978 and 1982 were used to determine the prognostic impact of a number of pretreatment factors. These included local invasiveness of the primary @entity5 on clinical examination, @entity5 size, clinical status of regional nodes, clinical or radiologic evidence of distant metastases, and favorable or unfavorable histologic categories. A retrospective assessment of the relationship of these pretreatment observations to survival experience has been carried out. This retrospective study indicates definite prognostic significance for all of the individual factors used on the UICC system except clinical status of regional nodes. Also, these data serve as a basis for considering the possibility of including favorable v unfavorable histology in the pretreatment staging system now being tested prospectively in the ongoing IRS protocols.

title: Prognostic significance of staging factors of the UICC staging system in childhood XXXX : a report from the Intergroup @entity980 Study (IRS-II).

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyosarcoma', 'rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer', 'neoplasm']

answer: @entity980 :: (MESH:D012208,Disease) :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of intervention for unruptured @entity438 (UIAs) is safe, effective treatment. OBJECTIVE: To analyze a prospective database for variables influencing the risk of surgery to produce a risk model adjusting this risk for effectively treated @entity439 . METHODS: First, we identified variables to create a model from multiple logistic regression for complications of surgery leading to a 12-month modified Rankin Scale score >1. Second, we established the long-term cumulative incidence of freedom from retreatment or @entity397 (treated @entity439 ) from Kaplan-Meier analysis. Third, we combined these analyses to establish a model of risk of surgery per effective treatment. RESULTS: One thousand twelve @entity1 with 1440 UIA underwent 1080 craniotomies. We found that 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.4-12.0) of craniotomies resulted in a complication leading to a modified Rankin Scale score >1 at 12 months. Logistic regression found age (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06), size (odds ratio, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.09-1.15), and posterior circulation location (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.82-4.78) to be significant. Cumulative 10-year risk of retreatment or @entity397 was 3.0% (95% CI, 1.3-7.0). The complication-effectiveness model was derived by dividing the complication risk by the 10-year cumulative freedom from retreatment or @entity397 proportion. Risk per effective treatment ranged from 1% for a 5-mm anterior circulation UIA in a 20-year-old @entity1 to 70% for a giant posterior circulation UIA in a 70-year-old @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Complication-effectiveness analyses increase the information available with regard to outcome for the management of UIAs. ABBREVIATIONS: CE, complication-effectivenessCI, confidence intervalCTA, computed tomographic angiographyDSA, digital subtraction angiographyISUIA, International Study of Unruptured Intracranial AneurysmsMRA, magnetic resonance angiographymRS, modified Rankin ScaleUIA, unruptured @entity438 .

title: Complication-Effectiveness Analysis for Unruptured XXXX Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial aneurysm', 'intracranial aneurysms']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Intracranial Aneurysm']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the frequency and significance of adrenal lesions that demonstrate heterogeneous suppression on chemical shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective search of adrenal lesions identified on MR from November 1997-July 2001 was performed. The adrenal lesions were classified as having suppression typical for an @entity652 , nonsuppression, or atypical heterogeneous suppression. Lesions with heterogeneous suppression were further reviewed. Follow-up for the heterogeneous lesions consisted of imaging studies or pathology from surgical excision. RESULTS: @entity75 were identified in 242 @entity1 . Heterogeneously suppressing lesions were seen in 34 (14%) @entity1 . Several different patterns of heterogeneous suppression were identified. Imaging or pathologic follow-up was available for 18 of the heterogeneously suppressing lesions (one @entity1 had both). Fifteen @entity1 with follow-up imaging showed stability of the lesion over a significant interval, suggesting a benign lesion. Pathology was available for four @entity1 revealing two @entity1 with @entity652 and two @entity1 with @entity4383 . Thus, all 18 @entity1 with heterogeneous suppression had a benign lesion. CONCLUSION: @entity75 that have a heterogeneous pattern of suppression on out-of-phase chemical shift MR images are a common finding. Our small series suggest that these lesions are probably benign.

title: XXXX with heterogeneous suppression on chemical shift imaging: clinical implications.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Adrenal lesions']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4383 :: ('MESH:D020518', 'Disease') :: ['nodular hyperplasia']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['Adrenal lesions']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted a systematic search to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the utility of saliva for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring (CPM) of antibiotics. Although the majority of identified studies lacked sufficient pharmacokinetic data needed to assign an appropriate suitability classification, most @entity581 , @entity2887 , @entity7187 , @entity114 / @entity2886 , and @entity2930 are likely not suitable for CPM in saliva. No clear pattern of correlation was observed between physiochemical properties that favor drug distribution into saliva and the likelihood of the antibiotic being classified as suitable for CPM in saliva (and vice versa). Insufficient data were available to determine if pathophysiological conditions affected salivary distribution of antibiotics. Additional confirmatory data are required for drugs (especially in @entity1 ) that are deemed likely suitable for CPM in saliva because only a few studies were available and many focused only on healthy subjects. All studies identified had relatively small sample sizes and exhibited large variability. Very few studies reported salivary collection parameters (e.g., salivary flow, pH) that could potentially have some impact on drug distribution into saliva. The available data are heavily weighted on healthy subjects, and insufficient data were available to determine if pathophysiology had effects on saliva drug distribution. Some studies also lacked assay sensitivity for detecting antibiotics in saliva. Overall, this review can be useful to clinicians who desire an overview on the suitability of saliva for conducting CPM of specific antibiotics, or for researchers who wish to fill the identified knowledge gaps to move the science of salivary CPM further.

title: A Qualitative Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Saliva: Implications on Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2930 :: ('MESH:D013754', 'Chemical') :: ['tetracyclines']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillins']

entities_list: @entity2886 :: ('MESH:D002511', 'Chemical') :: ['cephalosporins']

entities_list: @entity2887 :: ('MESH:D024841', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoroquinolones']

entities_list: @entity7187 :: ('MESH:D018942', 'Chemical') :: ['macrolides']

entities_list: @entity581 :: ('MESH:D000617', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycosides']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity731 is one of the main risk factors cause @entity697 . It's of great significance to establish an @entity731 animal model that can mimic the characteristics and nature course of @entity1 @entity1 . Therefore, a @entity2608 model was induced by high-fat diet to monitor their lipid profile and @entity121 ( @entity121 ) of artery walls and study @entity731 progression. METHODS: Fifty male @entity2608 were enrolled in this study. All of these monkeys were aged 7 to 14 years with BMI >30 kg/m2. They were fed with high-fat diet containing 10% of fat for the first 48 weeks. Use ultrasound to measure the @entity121 at bilateral common carotid arteries and their bifurcations and aorta (AO) of the monkeys, and screen out the individuals with thickened @entity121 for the next phase. In the next 48 weeks, some of these monkeys (n = 4) were fed with standard diet containing 3% fat. Meanwhile the other monkeys (n = 5) were fed with high-fat diet for another 48 weeks. Their serum lipid level was monitored and arterial @entity121 was also determined periodically. RESULTS: Serum lipid level of all 50 monkeys elevated after fed with high-fat diet for the first 48 weeks. @entity121 thickening at right common carotid bifurcation and aorta (AO) was thickened in 9 monkeys. Furthermore, 4 of these 9 monkeys were fed with standard diet and other 5 monkeys were fed with high-fat diet in the following 48 weeks. The serum lipid level of the 4 monkeys recovered and their @entity121 at RBIF and AO did not progress. However, the lipid level of other 5 monkeys remained high, and their @entity121 thickening of AO progressed, and plaques and @entity730 focuses were found at the anterior wall of aorta near the bifurcation of common iliac artery. CONCLUSIONS: After high-fat diet induction for 96 weeks, serum lipid levels of @entity2608 elevated significantly, which subsequently caused @entity121 thickening and plaques formation. When @entity121 thickening occurred, further @entity1317 may be prevented by reducing diet fat content. Our study indicates that @entity1317 of high-fat diet induced @entity2608 is similar to that of @entity1 in position and progression.

title: Establishment and ultrasound characteristics of @entity731 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute cerebral-cardio vascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['vascular injury']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity2608 :: ('9544', 'Species') :: ['rhesus monkey', 'rhesus monkeys']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

answer: @entity2608 :: (9544,Species) :: ['rhesus monkey']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine epidemiology and mortality statistics for @entity1028 ( @entity1028 ) in Hong Kong. Data from three sources were obtained and analyzed: (1) Hong Kong Hospital Authority discharge statistics for 1999 and 2000; (2) a survey on @entity449 in public hospitals conducted by the Working Group of Vascular Surgery; and (3) the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center aortic @entity439 database. The disease pattern, distribution, and operative mortality were determined. The annual incidence of @entity11557 in Hong Kong is 13.7 per 100,000 population and 105 per 100,000 for those aged 65 and above. About 10% of the @entity1028 that presented were ruptured. The mean age of the @entity11557 @entity1 was 74 years, with 84% of them over age 65. The operative repair rate for @entity1028 was low, being only 8% for intact @entity439 and 54% for ruptured ones. Overall, 45% of all @entity439 repairs were performed for a @entity397 . There is diverse practice between major vascular centers and smaller regional hospitals. The territory-wide operative mortality rates for intact and @entity1756 were 10% (range 4-24%) and 70% (range 38--100%), respectively. There was no gender bias in the @entity397 and operative rates. The overall mortality was 17% for intact @entity1028 and 78% for ruptured @entity1028 . The average length of hospital stay was 19 days for elective @entity11557 surgery and 13 days for ruptured @entity1028 . The number of operations in high-volume centers is increasing with a concomitant decrease in operative mortality. There are no definitive data to indicate that the incidence of @entity1028 is rising, but a trend toward an increasing number of operations in referral centers is noted. The low repair rates for intact @entity1028 and the high proportion of repairs for @entity1756 suggest that @entity1028 are undertreated in Hong Kong.

title: Epidemiology and outcome of XXXX in Hong Kong.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity449 :: ('MESH:D001014', 'Disease') :: ['aortic aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysms', 'aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['rupture', 'ruptured AAA']

entities_list: @entity1028 :: ('MESH:D017544', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal aortic aneurysms', 'AAAs']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysms']

answer: @entity449 :: (MESH:D001014,Disease) :: ['aortic aneurysms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether a continuous regional infusion of a local anesthetic delivered to the operative site would result in decreased levels of @entity282 and narcotic requirements for @entity1 who undergo a standard median sternotomy for cardiac surgery. METHODS: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted at a single center. @entity1 who were undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery alone or combined with laser transmyocardial revascularization received bilateral intercostal nerve blocks with either @entity1342 or saline. At wound closure, 2 catheters with multiple side openings were inserted percutaneously and placed directly over the sternum. The same agent ( @entity1342 vs saline) was then administered as a continuous regional infusion for 48 hours through an elastomeric pump. Requirements for postoperative systemic narcotic analgesics and @entity158 assessment scores were recorded for 72 hours after the operation. Secondary outcome measures were hospital length of stay and pulmonary function test results. @entity158 scores and narcotic use on the second postoperative day were also compared to avoid the confounding influence of anesthesia administered at the time of the operation. RESULTS: The total amount of @entity1337 required by the @entity1342 group was significantly less than that of the control group (47.3 vs 78.7 mg, respectively; P =.038). The @entity1342 group required less narcotics on postoperative day 2 as well (15.5 vs 29.4 mg, P =.025). The mean overall @entity158 scores for the @entity1342 group were significantly less than the mean overall scores for the normal saline group (1.6 vs 2.6, respectively; P =.005). @entity1 receiving @entity1342 had a mean length of stay of 5.2 days compared with 8.2 days for @entity1 in the normal saline group (P =.001). Excluding the data from outliers (length of stay = 39 days), the normal saline group mean length of stay was 6.3 days (P <.01). There was no difference in assessment of pulmonary function. CONCLUSION: Continuous delivery of local anesthetics significantly improved @entity282 control while decreasing the amount of @entity1337 required in @entity1 who underwent standard median sternotomy. There was also a significant decrease in hospital length of stay, which is likely to result in significant cost reductions.

title: Improved XXXX control after cardiac surgery: results of a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['narcotic analgesia']

entities_list: @entity1342 :: ('MESH:C037663', 'Chemical') :: ['ropivacaine']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: @entity3377 is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. A study was designed aimed at detecting Brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from @entity20770 by the use of real-time PCR in Iran. Sample collection and DNA extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 @entity20770 (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. The real-time PCR for species differentiation was based on unique genetic loci of @entity6467 and @entity6469 . The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and TaqMan   probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for @entity6467 and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for @entity6469 . Brucella spp. were identified in 18 (13.33%) blood samples and 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. This method showed to be effective in detecting @entity6469 and @entity6467 in blood and lymph samples respectively. @entity6469 was detected in 3 (2.22%) blood samples but was however, not detected in the lymph node samples. @entity6467 was only observed in 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. Significant differences were observed on the blood prevalence of unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups and seasons (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed on the prevalence of @entity6469 , @entity6467 , unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups, sex and seasons (P > 0.05). Therefore, Brucella was detected in apparent healthy @entity20770 slaughtered at an abattoir in Iran and this recommends the significance of the detection of Brucella in @entity20770 , since the infected @entity20770 appear to be healthy.

title: Molecular study of @entity3377 in XXXX by the use of TaqMan   real-time PCR.

entities_list: @entity6469 :: ('235', 'Species') :: ['Brucella abortus', 'B. abortus']

entities_list: @entity3377 :: ('MESH:D002006', 'Disease') :: ['Brucellosis']

entities_list: @entity6467 :: ('29459', 'Species') :: ['Brucella melitensis', 'B. melitensis']

answer: @entity20770 :: (9838,Species) :: ['camels']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-50% of @entity1 regain weight 3-5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. @entity356 and dilation of the gastrojejunostomy and gastric pouch have been reported in these @entity1 . Traditional revision surgery after RYGB has greater morbidity and mortality compared with the index bariatric procedure. We studied our initial results with revision of @entity28 surgery using an endoscopic platform in a community hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity1 who had undergone this endoscopic revisional procedure secondary to significant weight regain with or without @entity356 . All @entity1 underwent revision of the gastrojejunostomy and/or closure of the @entity356 using this minimally invasive approach. RESULTS: A total of 37 consecutive @entity1 (36 @entity1 ) with a mean age of 45 years and mean weight regain of 15.1    10.0 kg were included in the present study. The mean interval between RYGB and revision was 5.2 years (range 1-11). The mean preoperative and postoperative stomal size was 21.5 and 10 mm, respectively. Anchors were successfully placed in all @entity1 . The mean follow-up period was 4.69 months (range 2-10). The mean percentage of excess body @entity353 was 23.5%    66.4%. No immediate complications developed. Two @entity1 underwent endoscopic dilation of the stoma because of persistent meal intolerance. Three @entity356 were successfully closed. CONCLUSION: Revision of gastrojejunostomy after RYGB can be safely undertaken using this endoscopic platform. The short-term follow-up results showed clinically significant @entity353 . Long-term follow-up is needed. Closure of @entity356 can also be achieved using this procedure.

title: Endolumenal revision @entity28 surgery results in @entity353 and closure of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['Gastric-gastric fistulas', 'gastric-gastric fistula', 'gastric-gastric fistulas']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric-gastric fistula']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is still one of the leading causes of @entity204 worldwide, and finding new treatments remains a major challenge. Previous studies showed that modified forms of pectin, a complex polysaccharide present in the primary plant cell wall, possess anticancer properties. Nevertheless, the mechanism of action of modified pectin and the pathways involved are unclear. Here, we show that citrus pectin modified by heat treatment induced cell @entity204 in HepG2 and A549 cells. The induced cell @entity204 differs from classical apoptosis because no DNA cleavage was observed. In addition, Z-VAD-fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor, did not influence the observed cell @entity204 in HepG2 cells but appeared to be partly protective in A549 cells, indicating that heat-modified citrus pectin might induce caspase-independent cell @entity204 . An increase in the abundance of the phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated Light Chain 3 (LC3) protein and a decrease in @entity10407 protein abundance were observed in both cell types when incubated in the presence of heat-modified citrus pectin. These results indicate the activation of autophagy. To our knowledge, this is the first time that autophagy has been revealed in cells incubated in the presence of a modified form of pectin. This autophagy activation appears to be protective, at least for A549 cells, because its inhibition with 3-methyladenine increased the observed modified pectin-induced @entity137 . This study confirms the potential of modified pectin to improve chemotherapeutic @entity5 treatments.

title: Heat-Modified Citrus Pectin Induces Apoptosis-Like Cell Death and Autophagy in HepG2 and A549 XXXX Cells.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the validity of the comparative audit tool of POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the Enumeration of Mortality and Morbidity) against a cohort of 92 consecutive laryngectomies at a major tertiary referral centre for @entity135 . The major outcome measurements were 30-day mortality rates, formation of a pharyngo-cutaneous @entity292 , and length of hospital stay. METHODS: By means of a prospective and retrospective case note analysis. RESULTS: No significant difference between the mean POSSUM morbidity scores of those @entity1 who did, or did not develop a @entity292 , was found (p=0.535, 95% C.I. -4.36 to 8.33). No significant correlation was observed between POSSUM predicted morbidity and bed occupancy [r=0.137 (95% C.I. -0.070 to 0.334)]. The Portsmouth POSSUM equation for mortality however did accurately predict the mortality rate (observed to expected ratio of 1.05). CONCLUSION: The authors propose that whilst there are many similar factors linked to mortality between cohorts of general surgical and head and neck @entity1 , there are several highly specific risk factors in open surgery of the upper aero-digestive tract in the head and neck which are linked with wound breakdown and morbidity which are omitted from the POSSUM scoring system. The authors warn against the use of this comparative audit tool in its current state for such surgical procedures and recommend the creation of a specific POSSUM for @entity135 surgery.

title: Is POSSUM predictive of morbidity and mortality in laryngectomy XXXX ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head and neck cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Introduction   We evaluated outcome and resource utilization disparities between commercially insured, Medicaid, and Medicare @entity1 . We further analyzed racial disparities in a subset cohort. Methods   We reviewed the MarketScan database (2000-2009) for adult @entity131 ( @entity131 ) @entity1 . Analyses were performed to evaluate outcome differences by insurance type and race. Outpatient service utilization disparities by insurance and race were also evaluated. Results   Our study included 92,159 @entity131 @entity1 , 44,108 (47.9%) of whom utilized commercial insurance, 19,743 (21.4%) utilized Medicaid, and 28,308 (30.7%) utilized Medicare. In-hospital mortality was lowest for commercially insured (5.0%) versus 7.6% and 8.5% for Medicaid and Medicare @entity1 , respectively (p   <   0.0001). Medicaid @entity1 had a longer hospitalization than commercially insured (12 days versus 6 days; p   <   0.0001). Medicaid @entity1 were 1.29 and 1.78 times more likely to die and experience complications than the commercially insured. Females had a lower mortality risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80, p   <   0.0001) and less complications (OR: 0.67; p   <   0.0001) than males. Higher comorbidities increased mortality risk (OR: 2.71; p   <   0.0001) and complications (OR: 2.96, p   <   0.0001). @entity130 @entity1 had lower mortality (OR: 0.01; p   <   0.0001) and less complications (OR: 0.07; p   <   0.0001). Medicare (OR: 1.33; p   <   0.0001) and higher comorbidity (OR: 1.26; p   <   0.0001) @entity1 utilized outpatient rehabilitation services more frequently. Medicare @entity1 had twice the emergency department visits as the commercially insured (p   <   0.0001). Medicare (16.6%) @entity1 utilized more rehabilitation than commercially insured (13.4%) and Medicaid (9.1%) @entity1 . Racial disparities were analyzed in a subset of 12,847 white and 4,780 African American (AA) @entity1 . Multivariate analysis showed that AAs were more likely to experience a complication than white @entity1 (OR: 1.13; p   =   0.0024) and less likely to utilize outpatient rehabilitation services (OR: 0.83; p   =   0.0025) than whites. Conclusions   Insurance and racial disparities continue to exist for @entity131 @entity1 . Insurance status appears to have an impact on short- and long-term outcomes to a greater degree than @entity1 race.

title: Effect of Insurance and Racial Disparities on Outcomes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['TBI', 'traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['Mild injury']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['Traumatic Brain Injury']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of stromal cell derived factor 1( @entity1570 )/ @entity436 and their association with clinicopathologic features and lymph node @entity3 in invasive @entity0 . METHODS: The expression of @entity1570 was studied by immunohistochemistry and in-situ hybridization. Immunohistochemical study for @entity436 was also performed. The correlation with various clinicopathologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS: (1) @entity1570 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells and the level of its expression (both membranous and cytoplasmic) in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.033). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity3 , TNM @entity5 stage, histologic grade, @entity5 dimension and @entity172 receptor status (P < 0.05). (2) @entity1570 protein was also detected in the endothelial cells, although its mRNA was rarely detected. @entity1570 staining in lymphatics was associated with positive lymph node (P = 0.005) and @entity1570 staining in blood vessels correlated with stromal lymphocytic reaction (P = 0.001). The extent of nodal involvement was higher in the group with positive @entity1570 staining in blood vessels and with prominent lymphocytic reaction than that in other groups with one or neither of the two features (P < 0.05). (3) On the other hand, @entity436 was mainly expressed in @entity5 cells (both nuclear and cytoplasmic); and the level of its expression in lymph node-positive group was higher than that in lymph node-negative group (P = 0.005). Only cytoplasmic expression correlated with the number of positive lymph node involved by @entity3 , TNM @entity5 stage, histologic grade, @entity5 dimension and @entity1722 status (P < 0.05). The nuclear expression of @entity436 was only correlated with @entity1420 receptor status (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic expression @entity436 also positively correlated with @entity1570 expression (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1570 and @entity436 can serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of lymph node @entity3 , as well as potential therapeutic targets in invasive @entity0 . The difference in localization and staining patterns may also carry different significance.

title: [Significance of expression of stromal cell derived factor 1 and XXXX in invasive @entity0 ].

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity436 :: (7852,Gene) :: ['CXCR4']


abstract: AIMS: To compare @entity11450 with @entity4546 as to their efficacy to eradicate @entity1534 in two different treatment schedules both consisting of a combination of either of above with two antibiotics for 1 week, and to relate these treatment results to primary antibiotic resistance. METHODS: 256 @entity1534 positive @entity1 with non-ulcer @entity2210 were randomised to one of the following four treatment groups: @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (OCA); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity115 1000 mg (RBCCA); @entity4546 20 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (OCM); @entity5616 bismuth @entity1792 400 mg + @entity4581 500 mg + @entity868 500 mg (RBCCM). All drugs were given twice daily for one week. The @entity1 were assessed for prevalence of @entity1534 by CLO test, histology and culture on gastric biopsy samples obtained during upper @entity344 before randomisation and 4-6 weeks after completion of therapy. Bacterial sensitivity to @entity4581 , @entity868 and @entity115 was determined by E-test. RESULTS: On per-protocol analysis, overall eradication rates were 96% for RBCCA vs. 85% for OCA (p = 0.03), and 95% for RBCCM vs. 79% for OCM (p = 0.01). Amongst the 196 @entity1 (77% of the entire study group) in whom antibiotic sensitivity testing was technically feasible, primary resistance was found in 8% for @entity4581 , in 33% for @entity868 , and in 0% for @entity115 . Eradication of @entity4581 sensitive/resistant strains was 89%/40% for OCA (p = 0.0042) and 98%/80% for RBCCA (p = 0.0428). When strains were sensitive to both antibiotics, cure rates with OCM/RBCCM were 87%/96% respectively (p = 0.39), for strains resistant to @entity4581 only, eradication was achieved in 82% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.2), and in the case of @entity868 resistance in 85% with OCM vs. 94% with RBCCM (p = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11450 in combination with @entity4581 and either @entity868 or @entity115 produced higher eradication rates than @entity4546 co-administered with the same antibiotics. This appeared especially prominent in the subgroups with @entity4581 resistance without, however, reaching statistical significance. Efficacy of neither eradication regimen was influenced by @entity868 sensitivity to a significant degree.

title: The impact of primary antibiotic resistance on the efficacy of XXXX bismuth @entity1792 - vs. @entity4546 -based one-week triple therapies in @entity1534 eradication--a randomised controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxycillin']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal endoscopy']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity5616 :: ('MESH:D011899', 'Chemical') :: ['ranitidine']

entities_list: @entity11450 :: ('MESH:C073340', 'Chemical') :: ['Ranitidine bismuth citrate', 'ranitidine bismuth citrate']

entities_list: @entity4546 :: ('MESH:D009853', 'Chemical') :: ['omeprazole']

answer: @entity5616 :: (MESH:D011899,Chemical) :: ['ranitidine']


abstract: @entity5 -associated macrophages and high levels of @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) are associated with poor prognosis in @entity0 @entity1 , but their potential interdependence has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to determine whether macrophages regulate @entity3840 expression in @entity0 cells. For this purpose, THP-1 cells were cocultured with @entity1 @entity0 cells. Coculture led to increased @entity3840 expression in the @entity1 cells and elevated @entity1421 levels in conditioned media. Similar results were observed when THP-1 cells were incubated with @entity1 @entity0 cells or when @entity1 monocyte-derived macrophages were cocultured with @entity1 cells. Coculture triggered production of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in @entity1 cells. @entity3840 induction was blocked in cells preincubated with an reduced @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase inhibitor or by silencing @entity20994 , a subunit of @entity1110 oxidase. ROS production triggered activation of @entity7242 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Blocking @entity7242 or MAPK activities or antagonizing the @entity11346 ( @entity11346 ) transcription factor attenuated @entity3840 induction in @entity1 cells. Coculture caused rapid induction of @entity1356 ( @entity1356 ) in both @entity0 cells and macrophages. Increased @entity1356 expression was blocked by an @entity1193 ( @entity1193 ), suggesting autocrine and paracrine effects. Importantly, macrophage-induced @entity3840 expression was blocked in @entity1 cells preincubated with @entity1193 or anti- @entity1356 IgG. Together, these results indicate that macrophage-mediated induction of @entity3840 in @entity0 cells is a consequence of @entity1356 -mediated stimulation of ROS > @entity7242 > MAPK > @entity11346 signaling. @entity1356 -dependent induction of @entity3840 in @entity0 cells provides a mechanism whereby macrophages contribute to @entity5 progression and potential therapeutic targets in @entity0 .

title: Macrophages induce @entity3840 expression in @entity0 cells: role of XXXX autoamplification.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumor']

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin E(2)']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1193 :: ('3557', 'Gene') :: ['IL-1Ra', 'interleukin-1 receptor antagonist']

entities_list: @entity1110 :: ('MESH:D009249', 'Chemical') :: ['nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate', 'NADPH']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL-1b']


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity5128 ( @entity1041 ) on @entity2922 secretion from primary cultures of @entity1063 -rich (noradrenergic) and @entity1425 -rich (adrenergic) @entity291 chromaffin cells were studied. @entity1041 stimulated @entity2922 secretion from both cell types but was a much more effective secretory stimulus for noradrenergic cells. 2. @entity1041 -induced @entity2922 secretion was dependent on extracellular @entity141 , was partially inhibited by @entity594 and by @entity1022 , and was potentiated by @entity7832 . Other K+ channel blocking agents including @entity973 , @entity5217 , and @entity11243 did not stimulate @entity2922 secretion. 3. @entity1041 had no effect on @entity141 -induced secretion from @entity11040 -permeabilized chromaffin cells. 4. @entity1041 presumably evokes secretion by inhibiting K+ channels, depolarizing chromaffin cells, and activating voltage-gated @entity141 channels in the cells. Noradrenergic cells appear to be more sensitive to K+ channel inhibition than are adrenergic cells. 5. The secretory response of the chromaffin cells to @entity1041 increased with time in culture. 6. In addition to being a more effective secretagogue in noradrenergic cells, @entity1041 was also more effective in stimulating @entity2922 synthesis in these cells.

title: @entity5128 selectively stimulates secretion from noradrenergic XXXX chromaffin cells.

entities_list: @entity11040 :: ('MESH:D004072', 'Chemical') :: ['digitonin']

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium chloride']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['adrenaline']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity973 :: ('MESH:D015761', 'Chemical') :: ['4-aminopyridine']

entities_list: @entity5217 :: ('MESH:D005905', 'Chemical') :: ['glibenclamide']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['noradrenaline']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Caveolin-1 ( @entity3895 -1) is the principal structural protein of caveolae membranes that are found in most cells types, including mammary epithelial cells. Recently, we mapped the @entity1 @entity5689 gene to a suspected @entity5 suppressor locus (7q31.1/D7S522) that is deleted in a variety of @entity1 @entity5 , as well as @entity5 . In addition, the @entity5689 gene is mutated ( @entity22156 ) in up to approximately 16% of @entity1 @entity0 . The mechanism by which deletion or mutation of the @entity3895 -1 gene contributes to mammary tumorigenesis remains unknown. To understand the role of the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 @entity0 , we generated the same mutation in wild-type (WT) @entity3895 -1 and studied its behavior in cultured cells. Interestingly, the @entity22156 mutation leads to formation of misfolded @entity3895 -1 oligomers that are retained within the Golgi complex and are not targeted to caveolae or the plasma membrane. To examine whether the @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) mutant behaves in a dominant-negative manner, we next co-transfected cells with @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) and WT @entity3895 -1, and evaluated their caveolar targeting. Our results indicate that @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner, causing the mislocalization and intracellular retention of WT @entity3895 -1. Virtually identical results were obtained when @entity3895 -1 ( @entity22156 ) was stably expressed at physiological levels in a nontransformed @entity1 mammary epithelial cell line (hTERT-HME1). These data provide a molecular explanation for why only a single mutated @entity5689 allele is found in @entity1 with @entity0 . Thus, we next investigated if functional inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary tumorigenesis in vivo. For this purpose, we performed mammary gland analysis on @entity3895 -1-deficient @entity19 (-/-) that harbor a targeted disruption of the @entity3895 -1 gene (a null mutation). Interestingly, we show that inactivation of @entity3895 -1 gene expression leads to mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , even in 6-week-old virgin female @entity19 . These data clearly implicate loss of functional @entity3895 -1 in the pathogenesis of mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 , and suggest that @entity3895 -1-null @entity19 represent a novel animal model to study premalignant mammary disease.

title: Caveolin-1 mutations ( @entity22156 and null) and the pathogenesis of XXXX : caveolin-1 ( @entity22156 ) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (-/-) null @entity19 show mammary epithelial cell @entity1373 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers', 'breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'cancers']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['hyperplasia']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: AIM: The aim of the study was to find out the values of the Alvarado score in diagnosis of @entity697 and its clinical applicability in our conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study performed from November 15 to January 20, 2001 included 68 @entity1 of whom 52 were operated. @entity1 were examined at the emergency department, and all received Alvarado score, whereas the surgeon made the decision if there were indications for surgery. In order to verify the diagnosis, we also used histopathological findings. RESULTS: From 52 operated @entity1 , 43 (82.7%) had Alvarado score 7 or more, which confirms the diagnosis of @entity697 , and in all these @entity1 the diagnosis was proved both intraoperatively and histopathologically. From 9 (17.2%) operated @entity1 that had score less than 7, diagnosis of @entity102 was proved in 3; in the rest 6 @entity697 was established. Alvarado score has high sensitivity of 87%, and average specificity of 60%. CONCLUSION: In diagnosis of @entity697 Alvarado score has a high diagnostic value (82.7%). Alvarado score is a noninvasive, safe diagnostic procedure, which is simple, fast, reliable and repeatable, it can be used in all conditions, without expensive and complicated supportive diagnostic methods. Alvarado score increases the diagnostic certainty of clinical examination in diagnosis of @entity697 .

title: [Validation of the Alvarado score in the diagnosis of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute appendicitis']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic appendicitis']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['acute appendicitis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the cost-effectiveness of treatment with @entity5834 compared with placebo for @entity386 in @entity1 with birth weights less than 1250 g, from birth through 18 to 21 months' corrected age. METHODS: We undertook a retrospective economic evaluation of the cost per survivor without @entity245 by using individual- @entity1 data from the @entity5834 for @entity386 clinical trial (N = 1869). We included direct medical costs either to the insurance payer or the hospital but excluded costs to parents and society, such as lost productivity. We used a price of  0.21/mg of generic @entity27708 for our base-case analysis. All costs were expressed in 2008 Canadian dollars and discounted at 3%. The time horizon for this analysis extended through 18 to 21 months' corrected age to match the clinical trial. RESULTS: The mean cost per @entity1 was  124 466 in the @entity5834 group and  133 505 in the placebo group (difference:  9039 [-14 749 to -3375]; adjusted P = .014). Cost-effectiveness analysis showed @entity5834 to be a dominant or "win-win" therapy: in >99% of 1000 bootstrap replications of the analysis, @entity5834 -treated @entity1 had simultaneously better outcomes and lower mean costs. These results were robust to a 1000% increase in the individual resource items, including the price of @entity27708 . CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with placebo, @entity5834 therapy for @entity386 in @entity1 weighing less than 1250 g is economically appealing for @entity1 up to 18 to 21 months' corrected age.

title: Economic evaluation of @entity5834 for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['neurodevelopmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine', 'Caffeine']

entities_list: @entity27708 :: ('MESH:C026189', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine citrate']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea of prematurity', 'Apnea of Prematurity']

answer: @entity386 :: (MESH:D001049,Disease) :: ['apnea of prematurity']


abstract: Runway tests are considered indicative of underlying sociality in birds and their ability to make social discriminations and establish interactions among conspecifics. Herein, social reinstatement behavior in male juvenile @entity5872 selected for a reduced ( @entity8433 , low stress) or exaggerated ( @entity8682 , high stress) adrenocortical response to brief mechanical restraint was evaluated. Individual males were given the choice to reinstate with either 2 (low density, LD) or 8 (high density, @entity2033 ) unfamiliar randombred conspecifics placed in goal boxes at opposite ends of a two-choice runway (TCRW). Then, the same males were individually retested in a single goal box runway wherein they were exposed to a goal box containing either a LD or a @entity2033 of males. In the TCRW, a higher (P < 0.01) number of @entity8682 males started their ambulation toward the goal box containing the @entity2033 as opposed to LD of conspecifics. The @entity8682 males also spent more (P < 0.01) time in close proximity (within a 10-cm close zone; CZ) to the @entity2033 (218 s) rather than LD (57 s) of conspecifics. In contrast, the @entity8433 males did not differ in their initial direction of travel and they spent similar average amounts of times in the CZ of their stimulus LD (141 s) and @entity2033 (124 s) conspecifics. Similar to the TCRW results, in the single goal box runway, @entity8682 males spent more (P < 0.01) time in the CZ of @entity2033 rather than LD conspecifics, whereas @entity8433 quail spent similar amounts of time in the CZ of LD and @entity2033 males. Considering that runways are novel (and therefore frightening) environments, our findings suggest that @entity8682 quail may find better shelter (i.e., more comfort) in close proximity to a larger rather than smaller group of conspecifics, whereas @entity8433 birds find groups of varying conspecific density equally attractive. The results suggest that @entity8433 quail possess favorable social adaptive qualities because they appear to be better suited to cope with situations where the density of conspecifics is variable.

title: Effect of the density of conspecifics on runway social reinstatement behavior of male XXXX genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to stress.

entities_list: @entity5872 :: ('93934', 'Species') :: ['Japanese quail']

answer: @entity5872 :: (93934,Species) :: ['Japanese quail']


abstract: Receptor-mediated activation of many cells, including blood platelets, leads to changes at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. In platelets, phospholipases, such as phospholipase C and @entity3900 , have been shown to become activated. From phospholipids they generate the second messengers @entity2366 and @entity19260 (s) and @entity1718 , respectively. At the same time, actin polymerization and reorganization of actin filaments into bundles and networks occurs. Here, the association of lipids, radiolabeled either with saturated ( @entity7609 ) or unsaturated (arachidonic acid) fatty acids, with the cytoskeletons of resting and activated @entity1 blood platelets was studied. The relative binding of lipid components to the cytoskeleton of activated platelets labeled with @entity7609 is six times higher than that of platelets labeled with @entity1426 . Analysis of lipids associated with isolated cytoskeletons of resting and activated platelets (labeled with @entity7609 ) showed a 30-fold increase in the binding of labeled lipids to the cytoskeletal structures during activation. Both @entity2366 and @entity1718 were found to be associated with the cytoskeleton of activated platelets. Gel filtration, chromatofocusing, and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated tight binding of these lipids to @entity8859 . @entity8859 is one of the proteins that rapidly becomes associated with the cytoskeleton during @entity1423 ; it is also one of the molecules proposed to act as an actin-membrane linker. The results reported indicate a possible participation of @entity8859 , @entity1718 , and the phosphoinositide-derived second messenger @entity2366 in the regulation of cytoskeleton-membrane interactions. Together with the results of others they suggest a possible involvement of the @entity4357 cycle in the assembly of actin filaments and their anchoring to membranes.

title: XXXX cycle and its possible involvement in the regulation of cytoskeleton-membrane interactions.

entities_list: @entity2366 :: ('CHEBI:41847', 'Chemical') :: ['diacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity8859 :: ('87', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-Actinin', 'alpha-actinin']

entities_list: @entity4357 :: ('MESH:D010716', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylinositol']

entities_list: @entity7609 :: ('MESH:D019308', 'Chemical') :: ['palmitic acid']

entities_list: @entity19260 :: ('CHEBI:24846', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol phosphate']

answer: @entity4357 :: (MESH:D010716,Chemical) :: ['Phosphatidylinositol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential benefit of systematic preoperative @entity453 angiography followed by selective @entity453 revascularization on the incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) without a previous history of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: We randomised 426 @entity1 who were candidates for CEA, with no history of @entity453 , a normal electrocardiogram (ECG), and a normal cardiac ultrasound. In group A (n  =  216) all @entity1 underwent coronary angiography before CEA. In group B (n  =  210) CEA was performed without coronary angiography. @entity1 were not blinded for relevant assessments during follow-up. Primary end-point was the occurrence of @entity583 at 3.5 years. The secondary end-point was the overall survival rate. Median length of follow-up was 6.2 years. RESULTS: In group A, coronary angiography revealed significant @entity3979 in 68 @entity1 (31.5%). Among them, 66 underwent percutaneous Intervention (PCI) prior to CEA and 2 received combined CEA and @entity453 bypass grafting (CABG). Postoperatively, no @entity583 was observed in group A, whereas 6 @entity583 occurred in group B, one of which was fatal (p  =  .01). During the study period, 3 @entity583 occurred in group A (1.4%) and 33 were observed in group B (15.7%), 6 of which were fatal. The Cox model demonstrated a reduced risk of @entity583 for @entity1 in group A receiving coronary angiography (HR,.078; 95% CI, 0.024-0.256; p  <  .001). In addition, @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1 <70 years presented with an increased risk of @entity583 . Survival analysis at 6 years by Kaplan-Meier estimates was 95.6      3.2% in Group A and 89.7      3.7% in group B (Log Rank  =  6.54, p  =  .01). CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic @entity453 @entity1 , systematic coronary angiography prior to CEA followed by selective PCI or CABG significantly reduces the incidence of late @entity583 and increases long-term survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02260453).

title: Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial analyzing the role of systematic pre-operative coronary angiography before elective carotid endarterectomy in @entity1 with asymptomatic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary-artery']

answer: @entity453 :: (MESH:D003324,Disease) :: ['coronary artery disease']


abstract: These experiments were designed to analyze the involvement of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in @entity1669 such as @entity2743 ( @entity2743 ) and @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). In a first set of experiments, lymphocytes isolated from thyroid infiltrates or from peripheral blood of @entity2743 and @entity2621 @entity1 were analyzed for the expression of various surface antigens. While HLA-DR + T cells were numerous among thyroid infiltrating T lymphocytes in both groups of @entity1 , the proportions of T8 + cells (as defined by their reactivity with the B 9.4 monoclonal antibody specific for T8 surface molecule) were strikingly different in @entity2621 and @entity2743 . In the latter group of @entity1 only 19% of infiltrating T cells were T8 +, whereas these cells represented approximately 50% in four @entity2621 @entity1 . Given the previous demonstration that all T cells expressing T8 antigen are cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) or their precursors (CTL-P) in conjunction with the fact that lymphocytes from @entity2621 or @entity2743 @entity1 are known to proliferate in vitro in response to @entity1 tg (Htg), we further analyzed the T-cell subset(s) responsible for in vitro proliferation to Htg. In these experiments, peripheral blood T lymphocytes purified from @entity1 with @entity2743 or @entity2621 were cultured with 1 microgram/ml Htg and irradiated autologous T-depleted mononuclear cells as the source of @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ). The proportions of T8 + cells declined considerably during culture in @entity2743 @entity1 , but at Days 6 to 9, T8 + cells represented as much as 51% of cultured T lymphocytes from @entity1 with @entity2621 . Moreover, the majority of T8 + cells were medium-large size lymphoblasts. Removal of Htg at Day 6 resulted in both abrogation of proliferative responsiveness and in decreases of T8 + percentages. Further analysis of the cell interactions leading to T8 + cell proliferation in response to Htg showed that helper/inducer T cells, as defined by 5/9 antigen expression, were strictly required. Collectively, these features are reminiscent of the T-cell involvement in experimental @entity1669 of @entity19 and stress for the first time the potential role of CTL in tissue damage occurring in @entity2621 .

title: Proliferation of T8-positive cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to thyroglobulin in XXXX @entity1669 : analysis of cell interactions and culture requirements.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' Disease", 'GD']

entities_list: @entity1669 :: ('MESH:D013967', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune thyroiditis', 'autoimmune thyroid disorders']

entities_list: @entity2621 :: ('MESH:D050031', 'Disease') :: ["Hashimoto's Disease", 'HD', "Hashimoto's thyroiditis"]

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['APC', 'antigen presenting cells']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine how frequently the conventionally defined "idiopathic" @entity4822 are associated with subradiological cam deformities of the head-neck junction and whether a protective femoral osteochondroplasty may improve the outcome of their arthroscopic treatment. METHODS: All the non-arthritic or pre-arthritic @entity158 hips diagnosed as having a primary @entity130 were retrospectively evaluated. Coxometric data, clinical history and physical findings were reviewed to rule out any possible secondary lesion. The medical records of the selected cases were analyzed as for imaging features, surgical findings and post-arthroscopy outcome. RESULTS: Three cases out of 79 @entity130 were identified as "primary" on the basis of the preoperative assessment. All the three @entity1 were female in their fourth decade and showed a @entity16 consistent with undetected cam FAI (cartilage delamination in the anterolateral acetabular quadrant, minor pathology of the adjacent labrum with or without @entity1172 , abrasion signs and @entity558 along the anterolateral head-neck junction). The first @entity1 received a simple chondrolabral treatment whose benefits deteriorated few months after surgery; the second @entity1 underwent @entity2096 and is still pain-free; and the third @entity1 had a beneficial revision arthroscopy for femoral osteochondroplasty after prior unsuccessful chondrolabral surgery. CONCLUSIONS: If a @entity130 of the hip is associated with MR arthrographic and arthroscopic indirect signs of cam FAI, a subradiological @entity135 should be considered despite normal alpha angles. In such cases, a protective femoral osteochondroplasty may increase the success rate of the chondrolabral repair. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: Subradiological cam deformity of the head-neck junction: an occult cause of XXXX and @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-neck deformity']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['herniation pits']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['joint damage']

entities_list: @entity4822 :: ('MESH:D025981', 'Disease') :: ['chondrolabral hip injuries']

entities_list: @entity1172 :: ('MESH:D001010', 'Disease') :: ['chondrolabral separation']

entities_list: @entity2096 :: ('MESH:D020428', 'Disease') :: ['chondrolabral repair and femoral osteochondroplasty']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['chondrolabral injury', 'chondrolabral injuries']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['hip pain']