abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. OBJECTIVE: Report the 2-year operative and clinical outcomes of these service members with @entity174 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The majority of @entity174 occur at the thoracolumbar level, with @entity174 caudal to L2 accounting for only 1% of spine @entity174 . A previous report from this institution regarding combat-related spine burst @entity174 documented an increased incidence of @entity174 in injured service members. METHODS: Review of inpatient and outpatient medical records in addition to radiographs for all @entity1 treated at our institution with combat-related burst @entity174 occurring at the L3-L5 levels. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity1 with a mean age of 28.1   7.2 underwent surgery for low lumbar (L3-L5) burst @entity174 . The mean number of thoracolumbar levels injured was 2.9    1.4. Eleven @entity1 had @entity16 , 4 of which were complete. The mean days to surgery were 16.8    24.5. The mean number of levels fused was 4.3    2.1, with fixation extending to the pelvis in 4 @entity1 (17%). Fourteen (61%) @entity1 had at least 1 postoperative complication, with 7 (30%) requiring reoperation. Five @entity1 had a postoperative wound @entity281 . Five @entity1 had @entity1150 , 3 had @entity1151 . Mean clinical follow-up was 3.3   2.2 years. At latest follow-up, all were separated from military service, 10 experienced persistent bowel/ @entity1494 , 15 had @entity71 , and 10 had documented persistent @entity1643 . Nineteen had @entity1118 with 18 @entity1 still taking @entity158 medications and/or muscle relaxers. CONCLUSION: Low lumbar burst @entity174 are a rare injury with an increased incidence in combat casualties engaged in the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. We found a high rate of @entity260 (61%), as well as a high reoperation rate (30%). At approximately 3 years of follow-up, most of these @entity1 had persistent @entity16 and @entity1118 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: Outcomes After Operative Management of Combat-Related XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures', 'low lumbar burst fractures', 'low lumbar fractures', 'spinal fractures']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological symptoms', 'neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['lower extremity motor deficits']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['acute postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary emboli']

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep venous thromboses']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1118 :: ('MESH:D059350', 'Disease') :: ['chronic pain']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Low Lumbar Burst Fractures']


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several clinical, epidemiological, and animal studies indicate that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may alter the incidence of @entity14 . A likely target for NSAIDs is cyclooxygenase, a key enzyme in @entity1426 metabolism. Two isoforms of this enzyme have been identified; @entity9859 and @entity2247 . The present study was undertaken to determine if there is differential expression of these isoforms in @entity14 , and, if so, at what stage in malignant transformation this occurs. METHODS: @entity9859 and @entity2247 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were determined by Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA isolated from @entity1 @entity14 , @entity652 , and accompanying normal mucosa. RESULTS: There was a marked increase in @entity2247 mRNA levels in 12 of 14 @entity189 (86%) compared with paired normal mucosa. In contrast, there was equivalent intensity of the @entity9859 mRNA transcript between the normal mucosa and @entity5 in all 14 cases. In six pairs of @entity2513 and normal mucosa, three showed up-regulation of @entity2247 in the @entity652 compared with the normal mucosa. Because @entity2247 expression is low to undetectable in normal colorectal mucosa, 14 unpaired @entity652 were examined for @entity2247 expression; a clearly detectable transcript was identified in six (43%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2247 , but not @entity9859 , gene expression is markedly elevated in most @entity1 @entity14 compared with accompanying normal mucosa. Furthermore, @entity2247 expression seems to be increased in a subset of @entity652 . @entity2247 may provide an attractive therapeutic target in @entity14 .

title: Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 gene expression in @entity1 XXXX and adenocarcinomas.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancers', 'colorectal neoplasia', 'colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal adenomas']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenomas']


abstract: Neutrophils play a key role in host defense against invading pathogens by releasing toxic agents, such as ROS and antimicrobial peptides. @entity1 neutrophils express several TLRs that recognize a variety of microbial motifs. The interaction between TLR and their agonists is believed to help neutrophils to recognize and to kill pathogens efficiently by increasing their activation, a process called priming. However, excessive activation can induce tissue injury and thereby, contribute to inflammatory disorders. Agonists that activate @entity6438 and @entity22879 induce priming of neutrophil ROS production; however, which receptor is involved in this process has not been elucidated. In this study, we show that the selective @entity22879 agonist, @entity72134 (3M002), induced a dramatic increase of fMLF-stimulated @entity1113 activation, whereas the selective @entity6438 agonist, @entity72135 , failed to induce any priming effect. Interestingly, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the phosphorylation of the @entity1113 cytosolic component @entity20995 on several serines and the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and @entity1366 . The inhibitor of p38MAPK completely blocked @entity72134 -induced phosphorylation of @entity20995 Ser345. Moreover, @entity72134 , but not @entity72135 , induced the activation of the @entity1521 isomerase @entity41543 , and @entity57276 , a @entity41543 inhibitor, prevented @entity72134 -mediated priming of fMLF-induced @entity224 production. These results indicate that @entity22879 , but not @entity6438 , is involved in priming of @entity1 neutrophil ROS production by inducing the phosphorylation of @entity20995 and p38MAPK and that @entity41543 is also involved in this process.

title: XXXX , but not @entity6438 , induces the priming of the NADPH oxidase activation in @entity1 neutrophils.

entities_list: @entity72135 :: ('MESH:C068562', 'Chemical') :: ['loxoribine']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity22879 :: (51311,Gene) :: ['TLR8']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a widely used adjunctive treatment option for intractable @entity302 . Most studies have demonstrated short-term @entity410 outcomes, usually for up to 5years, and thus far, none have reported psychosocial outcomes in adults. We aimed to assess long-term @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes in @entity1 with intractable @entity302 on VNS therapy for more than 15years. We identified @entity1 who had VNS implantation for treatment of intractable @entity302 from 1997 to 2013 at our Comprehensive @entity302 Program and gathered demographics including age at @entity302 onset and VNS implantation, @entity302 type, number of @entity734 ( @entity734 ) and @entity410 frequency before VNS implantation and at the last clinic visit, and the most recent stimulation parameters from electronic medical records (EMR). Phone surveys were conducted by research assistants from May to November 2014 to determine @entity1 ' current @entity410 frequency and psychosocial metrics, including driving, employment status, and use of antidepressants. @entity410 outcomes were based on modified Engel classification (I: @entity410 -free/rare simple partial @entity410 ; II: >90% @entity410 reduction (SR), III: 50-90% SR, IV: <50% SR; classes I to III (>50% SR)=favorable outcome). A total of 207 @entity1 underwent VNS implantation, 15 of whom were deceased at the time of the phone survey, and 40 had incomplete data for medical abstraction. Of the remaining 152, 90 (59%) were contacted and completed the survey. Of these, 51% were male, with the mean age at @entity302 onset of 9.4years (range: birth to 60years). There were 35 (39%) @entity1 with @entity302 , 19 (21%) with temporal, 18 (20%) with symptomatic generalized, 5 (6%) with idiopathic generalized, and 13 (14%) with multiple types. Final VNS settings showed 16 (18%) @entity1 with an output current >2mA and 14 (16%) with rapid cycling. Of the 80 @entity1 with @entity410 frequency information, 16 (20%) had a modified Engel class I outcome, 14 (18%) had class II, 24 (30%) had class III, and 26 (33%) had class IV. Eighty percent said having VNS was worthwhile. Among the 90 @entity1 , 43 @entity1 were >= 18years old without @entity245 in whom psychosocial outcomes were further analyzed. There was a decrease in the number of @entity1 driving (31% vs 14%, p=0.052) and working (44% vs 35%, p=0.285) and an increase in the number of patients using antidepressant medication (14% vs 28%, p=0.057) at the time of survey compared to before VNS. In this subset, @entity1 with >50% SR (60%) were taking significantly fewer @entity734 at the time of survey compared to @entity1 with unfavorable outcomes (median: 3 vs 4, p=0.045). The associations of >50% SR with the psychosocial outcomes of driving, employment, and antidepressant use were not significant, although 77% of this subset said VNS was worthwhile. This is the first study that assesses both @entity410 and psychosocial outcomes, and demonstrates favorable @entity410 outcomes of >50% SR in 68% of @entity1 and @entity410 freedom in 20% of @entity1 . A large majority of @entity1 (80%) considered VNS therapy worthwhile regardless of @entity302 type and psychosocial outcomes.

title: Long-term XXXX and psychosocial outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation for intractable @entity302 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['developmental delay']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['extratemporal epilepsy', 'epilepsy', 'Epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['antiepilepsy drugs', 'AEDs']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['seizure']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although supraclavicular @entity5300 (SCBPB) was repopularized by the introduction of ultrasound, its usefulness in shoulder surgery has not been widely reported. The objective of this study was to compare motor and sensory blockades, the incidence of side effects, and intraoperative opioid analgesic requirements between SCBPB and interscalene @entity5300 (ISBPB) in @entity1 undergoing arthroscopic shoulder surgery. @entity1 were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups (ISBPB group: n=47; SCBPB group: n=46). The side effects of the @entity5300 ( @entity4820 , hoarseness, and subjective @entity1353 ), the sensory block score (graded from 0 [no cold sensation] to 100 [intact sensation] using an @entity285 swab) for each of the 5 dermatomes (C5-C8 and T1), and the motor block score (graded from 0 [complete paralysis] to 6 [normal muscle force]) for muscle forces corresponding to the radial, ulnar, median, and musculocutaneous nerves were evaluated 20 min after the @entity5300 . @entity3575 was administered in 50  g increments when the @entity1 complained of @entity158 that was not relieved by the @entity5300 .There were no conversions to general anesthesia due to a failed @entity5300 . The sensory block scores for the C5 to C8 dermatomes were significantly lower in the ISBPB group. However, the percentage of @entity1 who received @entity3575 was comparable between the 2 groups (27.7% [ISBPB group] and 30.4% [SCBPB group], P=0.77). SCBPB produced significantly lower motor block scores for the radial, ulnar, and median nerves than did ISBPB. A significantly higher incidence of @entity4820 was observed in the ISBPB group (59.6% [ISBPB group] and 19.6% [SCBPB group], P<0.001). No @entity1 complained of subjective @entity1353 .Despite the weaker degree of sensory blockade provided by SCBPB in comparison to ISBPB, opioid analgesic requirements are similar during arthroscopic shoulder surgery under both brachial @entity616 . However, SCBPB produces a better motor blockade and a lower incidence of @entity4820 than ISBPB.

title: Comparison Between Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular and Interscalene Brachial Plexus Blocks in XXXX Undergoing Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Parallel Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus block']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl', 'Fentanyl']

entities_list: @entity4820 :: ('MESH:D006732', 'Disease') :: ["Horner's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['plexus blocks']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: 1 The effects of intracarotid (i.a.) injections of @entity934 ( @entity1617 ) and @entity17376 (NaCN) on baroreceptor activity recorded from the sinus nerve have been investigated in @entity468 anaesthetized with @entity4485 .2 Two types of baroreceptor unit were recorded. The predominant type discharged at least 3 to 4 spikes per pulse wave at normal BP; they are referred to as ;polyspike' units and may have been associated with A fibres. The other type discharged a maximum of 1 to 3 spikes per pulse wave, even at high BP; they are referred to as ;few-spike' units and may have been from C fibres.3 NaCN had no direct effect on either type of baroreceptor unit, even when injected in high doses (2.04 to 5.1 mumol i.a.) which cause maximal chemoreceptor stimulation, and it is concluded that as far as the cat's carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors are concerned, @entity8773 is a specific chemoreceptor stimulant.4 @entity1617 had no direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor units unless very high doses (1.83 mumol i.a.) were injected, when there was occasionally a transient slight increase in discharge. This effect appeared to be secondary to muscle contraction caused by @entity1617 since it was not seen when an adequate neuromuscular-blocking dose of @entity9563 had been administered.5 @entity1617 stimulated the few-spike type of baroreceptor unit, an effect which was dose-related and lasted for up to 3 s; the threshold dose for baroreceptor stimulation was higher than that needed to excite chemoreceptor units. The increased discharge also occurred during experiments in which @entity9563 had been administered. Only five of these units were recorded during the investigation, despite an intensive search for them.6 There was a delayed increase in baroreceptor sensitivity following the administration of @entity1617 in doses (37 to 366 nmol i.a.) which had no immediate direct effect on polyspike baroreceptor discharge. The effect was evidently not secondary to changes in sympathetic nerve activity to the sinus region since it was observed during an experiment in which the @entity129 had been cut. Whether the increased sensitivity resulted from direct or indirect actions of @entity1617 remains to be determined.7 It is concluded that low doses of @entity1617 or other drugs with nicotinic properties are unlikely to evoke baroreceptor reflexes on intracarotid injection, although they may cause delayed changes in baroreceptor sensitivity. Higher doses of @entity1617 do not directly affect baroreceptor polyspike (A fibre) units, but transient baroreflex changes might result from stimulation of baroreceptor few-spike (C fibre) units. It is most unlikely that NaCN has any direct effect on baroreceptor reflex activity when injected into the carotid artery in doses used to elicit chemoreceptor reflexes.

title: Effects of @entity934 and XXXX on cat carotid baroreceptors.

entities_list: @entity4485 :: ('MESH:D010424', 'Chemical') :: ['pentobarbitone']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['ganglioglomerular nerves']

entities_list: @entity9563 :: ('MESH:D005703', 'Chemical') :: ['gallamine']

entities_list: @entity17376 :: ('MESH:D012966', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium cyanide']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity17376 :: (MESH:D012966,Chemical) :: ['sodium cyanide']


abstract: Suboptimal innate and immune mechanisms of host resistance during the peripartum period may contribute to increased incidence of @entity1271 . To evaluate associations between antibody response to @entity12027 and milk production during the peripartum period, 136 Holstein @entity291 and heifers from three herds with known antibody response profiles, were evaluated for projected 305-d milk, protein, and fat yield. Using a previously described index (Wagter et al., 2000), @entity291 were quantitatively classified based on their profile of antibody response to @entity12027 into high, average, or low antibody response groups. The single-effect antibody response group contributed significantly to variation in fat and protein yield, but not milk yield. The interaction between antibody response and parity significantly contributed to the variation in milk, fat, and protein yields; therefore the effects of group were reported on a within-parity basis. Among first-parity @entity291 , low responders had a higher fat and protein yield than high or average antibody responder animals. Among older @entity291 (parity 3 or greater) milk yield was significantly higher for those in the high antibody response group compared with average and low response groups. However, no significant differences in fat or protein yields were observed between high and low antibody response groups. These results suggest the possibility to select @entity291 for enhanced immune response with no adverse effects on yield. That first-parity @entity291 with low antibody response produce more fat and protein may be offset by the fact that @entity1271 occurrence was highest in this group in two out of three herds investigated. Selection for high immune response may prove beneficial to herd life by maintaining optimal yield, yet minimizing occurrence of disease.

title: The relationship between milk production and antibody response to XXXX during the peripartum period.

answer: @entity12027 :: (522479(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['ovalbumin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep sternal wound infections are a rare but serious complication after median sternotomy. We evaluated the incidence of @entity2737 associated with two techniques for sternal closure. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, we recorded the method of sternal closure in consecutive @entity1 undergoing a variety of cardiothoracic surgical procedures. Sternal closure in the historical control group was performed using trans-sternal, stainless-steel wire sutures; subsequent @entity1 were closed using wire sutures in conjunction with a novel, peristernal cable-tie closure system to reinforce the corpus sterni. Perioperative care was standardized between groups. Demographics, risk factors, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Between July 2010 and July 2014, 609 consecutive adult @entity1 underwent sternal closure following open median sternotomy at a single hospital in Mobile, Alabama. Sternal closure was accomplished with wire sutures in the first 309 @entity1 and with cable-tie reinforcement in the subsequent 300 @entity1 . Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups, except that the cable-tie group exhibited greater preoperative comorbidity. Mean body mass index was comparable between groups (30.2        6.6  kg/m(2) wire suture versus 30.5        7.7 cable-tie, p   =   0.568). Deep sternal wound @entity281 occurred in 2.6  % (8/309) @entity1 in the wire-suture group, whereas no deep sternal wound infections were observed in the cable tie group (p   =   0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The peristernal cable-tie system was a simple and reliable method for sternal closure after open median sternotomy, and was associated with a reduced risk of @entity2737 , even in an @entity28 and comorbid population.

title: XXXX with use of a peristernal cable-tie closure system: a retrospective case series.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity2737 :: ('MESH:D014946', 'Disease') :: ['deep sternal wound infection']

answer: @entity2737 :: (MESH:D014946,Disease) :: ['Reduction in deep sternal wound infection']


abstract: The present study utilized @entity4119 ( @entity4119 ) and S-100 protein immunohistochemistry to examine if Ruffini endings, the primary mechanoreceptors in periodontal ligaments, can regenerate following nerve @entity2915 with an inappropriate nerve. Normally, axon terminals of periodontal Ruffini endings are extensively ramified, and terminal Schwann cells, identified by their S-100 immunoreactivity, are associated with axon terminals. Schwann cells are restricted to the alveolus-related part (ARP), but not tooth-related part (TRP) or the shear zone at the border between the ARP and the TRP of the lingual periodontal ligament of the lower incisor. When the central portion of the mental nerve (MN) was connected with the peripheral portion of the @entity129 ( @entity129 ), regenerating MN fibers invaded the @entity129 around postoperative day 5 (PO 5). During the postoperative period, numerous S-100-immunoreactive (IR) cells, presumably terminal Schwann cells, began to migrate to the shear zone and the TRP. @entity4119 -IR elements reappeared at PO 7 and gradually increased in number. Around PO 28, the terminal portion of the regenerating Ruffini endings appeared dendritic, but less expanded, and the rearrangement of terminal Schwann cells was noted. Regenerated periodontal Ruffini endings were slightly smaller in number. The number of trigeminal ganglion neurons sending peripheral processes beyond the site of injury was smaller compared to those of normal MN, but their cross-sectional areas were almost comparable. Expressions of calbindin D28k and calretinin, normally localized in axonal elements in Ruffini endings, were first detected around PO 56. The present results show that parts of periodontal Ruffini endings can regenerate following nerve @entity1032 .

title: Regeneration of periodontal Ruffini endings of rat lower incisors following nerve XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1032 :: ('MESH:D008607', 'Disease') :: ['cross-anastomosis with mental nerve']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['cross-anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['IAN', 'inferior alveolar nerve']

answer: @entity1032 :: (MESH:D008607,Disease) :: ['cross-anastomosis with mental nerve']


abstract: PURPOSE: Meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate whether zero-profile anchored spacer (Zero-P) could reduce complication rates, while maintaining similar clinical outcomes compared to plate-cage construct (PCC) in the treatment of @entity4720 . METHODS: All prospective and retrospective comparative studies published up to May 2015 that compared the clinical outcomes of Zero-P versus PCC in the treatment of @entity4720 were acquired by a comprehensive search in PubMed and EMBASE. Exclusion criteria were non-English studies, noncomparative studies, hybrid surgeries, revision surgeries, and surgeries with less than a 12-month follow-up period. The main end points including Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) scores, cervical @entity1515 , fusion rate, subsidence, and @entity1282 were analyzed. All studies were analyzed with the RevMan 5.2.0 software. Publication biases of main results were examined using Stata 12.0. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis. No statistical difference was observed with regard to preoperative or postoperative JOA and @entity717 scores, cervical @entity1515 , and fusion rate. The Zero-P group had a higher subsidence rate than the PCC group (P<0.05, risk difference =0.13, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.00-0.26). However, the Zero-P group had a significantly lower postoperative @entity1282 rate than the PCC group within the first 2 weeks (P<0.05, odds ratio [OR] =0.64, 95% CI 0.45-0.91), at the 6th month [P<0.05, OR =0.20, 95% CI 0.04-0.90], and at the final follow-up time [P<0.05, OR =0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.45]. CONCLUSION: Our meta-analysis suggested that surgical treatments of single or multiple levels of @entity4720 using Zero-P and PCC were similar in terms of JOA score, @entity717 score, cervical @entity1515 , and fusion rate. Although the Zero-P group had a higher subsidence rate than the PCC group, Zero-P had a lower postoperative @entity1282 rate and might have a lower adjacent-level ossification rate.

title: Comparison of zero-profile anchored spacer versus plate-cage construct in treatment of XXXX with regard to clinical outcomes and incidence of major complications: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['Neck Disability Index', 'NDI']

entities_list: @entity4720 :: ('MESH:D055009', 'Disease') :: ['cervical spondylosis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

answer: @entity4720 :: (MESH:D055009,Disease) :: ['cervical spondylosis']


abstract: The current study describes novel multifunctional polymer-shelled microbubbles (MBs) loaded with @entity842 (NO) for integrated therapeutic and diagnostic applications (ie, theranostics) of @entity741 . We used gas-filled MBs with an average diameter of 4  m stabilized by a biocompatible shell of @entity4832 . In vitro acoustic tests showed sufficient enhancement of the backscattered power (20 dB) acquired from the MBs' suspension. The values of attenuation coefficient (0.8 dB/cm MHz) and phase velocities (1,517 m/s) were comparable with those reported for the soft tissue. Moreover, polymer MBs demonstrate increased stability compared with clinically approved contrast agents with a @entity174 threshold of about 900 kPa. In vitro chemiluminescence measurements demonstrated that dry powder of NO-loaded MBs releases its gas content in about 2 hours following an exponential decay profile with an exponential time constant equal to 36 minutes. The application of high-power ultrasound pulse (mechanical index =1.2) on the MBs resuspended in saline decreases the exponential time constant from 55 to 4 minutes in air-saturated solution and from 17 to 10 minutes in degassed solution. Thus, ultrasound-triggered release of NO is achieved. @entity137 tests indicate that phagocytosis of the MBs by macrophages starts within 6-8 hours. This is a suitable time for initial diagnostics, treatment, and monitoring of the therapeutic effect using a single injection of the proposed multifunctional MBs.

title: Ultrasound contrast agent loaded with XXXX as a theranostic microdevice.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['Cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity4832 :: ('MESH:D011142', 'Chemical') :: ['polyvinyl alcohol']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['nitric oxide']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical study using @entity1 cadaveric lumbar spines. OBJECTIVES: To determine the strength and stiffness of 3 @entity505 fiber cage designs in axial compression. To assess the effects of @entity79 ( @entity79 ) on vertebral endplate failure with respect to the different cage patterns. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Unilateral transforaminal approaches are gaining popularity compared with posterolateral lumbar interbody fusion. With differences in the inherent strengths of each quadrant of the endplate, the effect of different cage designs and their location on the endplate may affect subsidence and fusion success. METHODS: @entity79 measurements were obtained from 30 @entity1 spinal segments from L3 to L5. Discectomies were performed and cages were placed on the cephalad endplate of each vertebra in 3 configurations: 2 small posterolateral rectangular cages; 1 small anterior banana cage; and 1 small central rectangular cage. Each segment was tested under compression until endplate failure was recorded. Two-way analysis of variance was used to test for the effects of cage design on cage subsidence and endplate failure. Analysis of covariance was conducted to test for the effects of age, @entity79 , and vertebral levels on the failure load and stiffness for each cage design. RESULTS: Cage design was not significant in affecting failure force across the endplate. There were insignificant differences comparing stiffness in compression for the 3 different cage placements patterns. Low @entity79 adversely affected failure force and construct stiffness across all 3 cage patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Cage design and position do not significantly affect failure of the construct or stiffness in compression across the endplate. @entity79 significantly affects both failure forces and stiffness but is not dependent on the positioning or design of the cage.

title: The effects of design and positioning of XXXX fiber lumbar interbody cages and their subsidence in vertebral bodies.

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

answer: @entity505 :: (MESH:D002244,Chemical) :: ['carbon']


abstract: A case of primary @entity2347 of the esophagus was reported. A 54-year-old male @entity1 had a @entity5 in the middle third of the esophagus. Barium swallow and endoscopic examination showed a @entity5 with a shallow ulceration in its vertex. Histological examination of the surgically removed material revealed that it was largely confined to the submucosal layer, with no metastasis to lymph nodes. The @entity5 cells presented three distinct patterns: globular nest with irregular cystic spaces, trabecular nest, and true tubule. Electron microscopic study revealed no microvilli or triad along cystic spaces in the globular nests. Histochemical study disclosed that cystic spaces and interstitium were rich in glycosaminoglycans. The luminal surface of the true tubules of the @entity5 , on the other hand, was characteristically lined by sialomucins. The trabecular type-nests differed from the globular nests in showing GSA-II reactivity and containing abundant @entity904 -binding protein. These results indicate that the three patterns represented different differentiations of the @entity5 cells. Twenty-three cases of esophageal @entity2347 were found in the literature from 1950 to 1983 and discussed collectively.

title: Primary XXXX of the esophagus. Report of a case and its histochemical characterization.

entities_list: @entity2347 :: ('MESH:D003528', 'Disease') :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity904 :: ('MESH:D014801', 'Chemical') :: ['retinol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'protruding tumor']

answer: @entity2347 :: (MESH:D003528,Disease) :: ['adenoid cystic carcinoma']


abstract: Renal biopsies of 23 @entity4521 addicts who presented with the @entity1985 were examined by light and electron microscopy. The majority of @entity1 (14) showed @entity8 on light microscopy, four @entity1 showed "minimal change", and two were classified as "focal @entity1463 ." In one case focal mesangial proliferation was the outstanding feature; one @entity1 had @entity6 ; and one had @entity3630 and dysproteinemia. Visceral epithelial swelling and proliferation were present in 14 @entity1 on light on light microscopy. Electron microscopy showed distinct podocyte changes consisting of loss of foot processes, vacuolization, and cytoplasmic degeneration; focal separation of podocytes from basement membranes was found in 11 of 18 cases. In some instances a few electron-dense deposits were present in the mesangium. @entity8 was not encountered, although it occurs in 30 to 40% of unselected adult @entity1985 individuals. Of 15 @entity1 followed for 2 months to 5 years, one died of @entity4521 @entity1445 , eight went into @entity177 , two improved, and four continued to have @entity644 . It is concluded that @entity1985 of @entity4521 addicts is most often associated with @entity8 and occasionally with @entity1987 or focal @entity1463 . Conceivably these three conditions represent different phases of one disease process, although different reactions to @entity4521 or its various vehicles and contaminants cannot be excluded. The morphologic resemblance to experimental @entity8424 and @entity70770 -induced @entity3450 suggests a possible toxic origin.

title: Glomerular morphology in @entity1985 XXXX addicts.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Membranous nephropathy', 'focal segmental glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity70770 :: ('MESH:C007291', 'Chemical') :: ["N,N'-diacetylbenzidine"]

entities_list: @entity3450 :: ('MESH:D009401', 'Disease') :: ['nephrosis']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity1463 :: ('MESH:D012598', 'Disease') :: ['global sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3630 :: ('MESH:D015432', 'Disease') :: ['mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis']

entities_list: @entity8424 :: ('MESH:D011692', 'Chemical') :: ['aminonucleoside']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic', 'nephrotic syndrome']

answer: @entity4521 :: (MESH:D003932,Chemical) :: ['heroin']


abstract: Among various cases of @entity932 in the newborn caused by @entity99 , posterior fossa subdural @entity1410 is of serious nature in many cases and often results in @entity204 after critical clinical course due to compression of the respiratory center of the medulla oblongata. We have recently experienced two cases of subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa caused by @entity99 , which we successfully treated non-surgically. Herein, we report these two cases and present a sequential CT scan of each. The first case is a full-term (39 weeks gestation) male @entity1 . Delivery was carried out spontaneously with double footling presentation. At 20 hours of age, @entity848 and @entity410 occurred. CT scan was performed and revealed high density areas in the posterior fossa, quadrigeminal cistern and longitudinal cerebral fissure. Bloody CSF was discharged per lumbar puncture and @entity653 was infused intravenously, but the ventricle became enlarged. At this point at 9 days of age, the @entity1 was admitted to our hospital. While he showed poor activity on admission, @entity1410 was absorbed gradually and disappeared at 3 months of age by conservative treatment. Now, at 6 years and 6 months of age, the @entity1 has no @entity51 . The second case is a full-term (40 weeks gestation) twin female @entity1 . Due to breech presentation, delivery was conducted per breech extraction. At three days of age, @entity391 , fontanel bulging and @entity2421 were observed. CT scan revealed @entity1410 similar to that seen in the first case, and @entity134 and @entity653 were infused intravenously. Conservative treatment was performed in this case also, and changes shown by CT scan were almost the same as those seen in the first case. The @entity1 has no @entity51 at 5 years and 7 months of age. Since the introduction of CT scan, early diagnosis of a subdural @entity1410 in the posterior fossa has been possible. But reports of successful surgical treatment are not so frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Posterior fossa subdural @entity1410 in the newborn caused by XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['convulsion']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['birth injury']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity848 :: ('MESH:D003490', 'Disease') :: ['cyanosis']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['birth injury']


abstract: PURPOSE: To demonstrate our short and long-term results after transbrachial treatment of subclavian @entity438 and @entity130 with stent-grafts in elective and emergency settings. METHODS: Ten of 12 consecutive @entity1 (6 @entity1 ; mean age 63.8 years, range 38-80) were treated electively with commercially prepared endografts delivered via a transbrachial access to repair a subclavian @entity438 (n=3) or an injury from a misplaced central venous catheter (n=7). Two @entity1 required emergency treatment for a @entity1756 in one and an unintentional arterial puncture during placement of a central venous access in the other. Stent-graft patency during follow-up was assessed by physical examination with @entity551 in all @entity1 ; computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed in available @entity1 . RESULTS: Successful deployment of stent-grafts with sealing of the lesion was achieved in all cases. There were 2 (17%) procedural complications. One @entity1 developed an access-site @entity1410 that required surgical revision. The second @entity1 , who had a right @entity130 , suffered an @entity385 . The primary stent-graft patency during follow-up (mean 11.6 months) was 100%. CTA examinations in 7 @entity1 at a mean 18 months showed strut dislocation at the thoracic outlet without luminal narrowing in 1 @entity1 . A 50% intraluminal narrowing due to compression between the clavicle and the first rib occurred in another @entity1 . Six @entity1 with a mean follow-up of 23 months (range 0.3-4.5 years) are still alive with patent stent-grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft treatment of subclavian @entity438 and @entity130 is a less invasive alternative to surgical repair. Long-term results must still be confirmed in further studies.

title: Elective and emergent endovascular treatment of subclavian @entity438 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['comparison of brachial blood pressures']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['embolic cerebral infarction']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injuries', 'subclavian injury']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured atherosclerotic aneurysm']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['injuries']


abstract: In @entity1 with @entity1121 , clinical symptoms such as exertional @entity1353 , @entity951 and @entity891 are considered to be rather the consequence of diastolic than of @entity299 of the left ventricle. Beta-blocker therapy is aimed at reducing systolic overcontraction while @entity460 blockers predominantly therapy is aimed at reducing systolic overcontraction while @entity460 blockers predominantly improve diastolic filling characteristics. Therefore 61 consecutive @entity1 with well defined @entity1121 were treated with @entity460 channel blockers: 60 @entity1 with @entity1855 at average dose 530 mg (320 to 720 mg/d) and one @entity1 received 30 mg @entity594 . All @entity1 had clinical, noninvasive and cardiac catheterization evaluation at the time of entry into the study. Therapy was continued for an average of 54 months (10 to 96). Follow-up studies were performed at 6-month intervals. Subjective improvement was achieved in 47 of 55 symptomatic @entity1 (85%). Heart size, judged as heart volume from tele-chest X-ray in supine position, showed a reduction in 36/61, no change in 15/61 and increase in 10/61. On average in all 61 @entity1 , a significant reduction from 947 to 833 ml/1.73 m2 was seen. Twenty-six @entity1 who had been followed for an average of 24 months prior to @entity1855 therapy on beta blockers or no treatment had heart volume increases averaging 12% in the pre- @entity1855 period. Electrocardiography (ECG) showed a significant reduction in QRS amplitude and a tendency towards normalization of ST/T segments. Serial echocardiography study showed small but significant reduction in left atrial diameter. Repeat catheterization was performed in 19 @entity1 and a significant reduction in intraventricular pressure gradient, left ventricular muscle mass and coronary artery diameter was demonstrated. Three @entity1 died during the study (256 @entity1 -treatment-years) for an annual mortality rate of 1.3%. This mortality is considerably lower than reported for @entity1 receiving no treatment, beta-blockade, or surgery. Of all 61 @entity1 only one had surgery related to the @entity1121 . One @entity1 had the dose of @entity1855 reduced because of the occurrence of @entity616 . No @entity1 discontinued the drug because of side-effects. Utilizing serial noninvasive and invasive studies, we conclude that @entity1855 therapy in @entity1121 results in objective and subjective improvement, a low death rate and little need for operation as compared to standard therapy.

title: Treatment of XXXX : relation to pathological mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1855 :: ('MESH:D014700', 'Chemical') :: ['verapamil']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['collapse']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['systolic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['heart block']

answer: @entity1121 :: (MESH:D002312,Disease) :: ['hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Longitudinal studies of the mortality and renal outcomes among the population with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2) and among the elderly are limited, especially in developing countries. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 1563 residents aged 59.5    9.4 years from an urban district of Beijing, China. All @entity1 had an eGFR >30 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio and eGFR were assessed at baseline, and their relation with mortality and renal function decline after a 4-year follow-up were analyzed. RESULTS: During 4 years (6142 @entity1 -years) of follow-up, 59 @entity204 occurred (9.6 per 1000 @entity1 -years). After adjusting for potential confounders, @entity633 was associated with increased risk of mortality, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.09 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53-6.26]. Altogether 183 @entity1 (12.3%) developed renal function decline, with a median change of eGFR of -20.0 mL/ @entity1009 .73 m(2). Presence of @entity633 was significantly associated renal function decline, with an OR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.02-3.15). Plasma @entity414 (OR = 1.25/59  mol/L increase, 95% CI 1.10-1.43) and age (OR = 1.35/5 years increase, 95% CI 1.22-1.50) was also independently associated with renal function decline. Baseline eGFR was not significantly associated with either mortality or renal function decline in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with eGFR, @entity633 is a strong independent predictor for both mortality and renal function decline among a Chinese population with normal or mildly @entity8 . Furthermore, plasma @entity414 level and age are also independently associated with renal function decline and therefore may be used for identifying @entity1 at higher risk of @entity740 progression.

title: Mortality and renal function decline among a community-based Chinese population with normal or mildly XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impaired renal function']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity414 :: ('MESH:D014527', 'Chemical') :: ['uric acid']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['impaired renal function']


abstract: An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated for the detection of anti-amoebic IgG and IgM antibodies to assess its value in distinguishing past from current @entity281 in invasive @entity8016 , particularly in @entity9111 ( @entity9111 ) @entity1 . Using sera from 295 individuals, the ELISA was also compared with the amoebic gel diffusion (AGD) test. In 100 patients the IgG-ELISA at a single test dilution of 1/6,400 had a sensitivity of 99% for clinically diagnosed @entity9111 . In these same @entity1 the IgM-ELISA at a single dilution of 1/400, had a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 97.9%. No cross-reactions were observed in sera from @entity1 with @entity1413 . In 121 @entity1 without clinical invasive @entity8016 , 8 were AGD-positive and 12 were IgG-ELISA-positive, giving the latter assay a specificity of 91.7%. This is thought to be due to past @entity281 with @entity2330 . In symptomless carriers of pathogenic zymodemes, 10/11 were seropositive by the IgG-ELISA and 11/11 by the AGD test. There was an excellent correlation between the IgG-ELISA and the AGD test (r = 0.99). The IgG-ELISA is a sensitive, specific, simple and rapid test. It has the clinical advantage that results are obtainable 2 1/2 hours after receipt of the specimen, compared with the 24-48 hours required for the AGD test. The prompt availability of IgG-ELISA results could prove advantageous for implementation of early therapy. The IgM-ELISA was not found to be sensitive enough to be used as an index of active @entity281 .

title: Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the serodiagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic liver abscess', 'ALA']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity8016 :: ('MESH:D000562', 'Disease') :: ['amoebiasis']

entities_list: @entity1413 :: ('MESH:D003095', 'Disease') :: ['collagen vascular disease']

answer: @entity9111 :: (MESH:D008101,Disease) :: ['amoebic liver abscess']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide reference values and to compare this technique with the standard motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the ulnar nerve. DESIGN: Retrospective unmasked study. SETTING: Private and institutional practice. @entity1 : The reference group included 57 healthy volunteers. @entity1 included 100 subjects with suspected @entity16 at the elbow (UNE) referred for neurophysiologic evaluation. This group was subdivided into 2 groups: group A was composed of 45 @entity1 with UNE confirmed by MCV of the ulnar nerve, and group B included 55 @entity1 with suspected UNE in whom the diagnosis could not be established by MCV of the ulnar nerve. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between peak latencies of ulnar and median mixed nerve action potentials at the arm, after stimulating these nerves at the wrist. This was called mixed latency difference. RESULTS: The upper normative limit of the mixed latency difference was 1.1 ms, and there was a significant correlation with height. In group A, the mixed latency difference was abnormal in 80% of the cases and could not be calculated in 18%. In group B, the mixed latency difference was abnormal in 8 (15%) @entity1 . All of these had abnormal "inching" of the ulnar nerve across the elbow. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed latency difference was particularly useful in cases of mild UNE.

title: Mixed latency difference for diagnosis of XXXX at the elbow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PARTICIPANTS', 'patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['ulnar neuropathy']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['ulnar neuropathy']


abstract: Circulatory disturbances may occur during and after the treatment of @entity981 ( @entity981 ). The reasons are: leukemic infiltrations of the heart, @entity417 , @entity8 , @entity1370 drugs, especially @entity8253 (Atc). The aim of the study was echocardiographic assessment of circulatory system in @entity1 during and 3-5 years after @entity981 therapy in childhood. The study group (group B) consisted of 20 @entity1 , aged 1-16 years, who underwent Atc treatment with cumulative doses 155.8-330 mg/m2 and cardioprotective agent-- @entity10976 . In this group echocardiography was performed before the treatment as well as after 1, 6, 12 months and 3 years. The retrospective group (R) consisted of 36 @entity1 aged 12-24 years, examined 3-5 years after the completion of @entity981 treatment, who had undergone the treatment with Atc in doses 148.6-416.7 mg/m2 without cardioprotection. The control group (K) consisted of 28 healthy volunteers, aged 9-25 years. In all subjects echocardiography was performed, standard measurements taken, systolic and diastolic indices of left ventricle (LV) function calculated. In @entity1 during and 3-5 years after the treatment neither LV dilatation nor abnormal wall-thickness was found. The systolic indices remained normal. In the group B echocardiographic indices did not change significantly during 3 years of treatment and did not correlate with growing cumulative Atc doses. In this group isovolumetric relaxation time (IVRT) was significantly longer, what emphasized the need of further clinical and echocardiographic follow-up.

title: [Echocardiographic assessment of circulation system in XXXX during and 3-5 years after all therapy in childhood].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disturbances, infections']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity8253 :: ('MESH:D018943', 'Chemical') :: ['anthracyclines']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiotoxic']

entities_list: @entity10976 :: ('MESH:D011929', 'Chemical') :: ['dexrazoxane']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Although exercise stress testing does not allow certain diagnosis of @entity453 , its interpretation should not necessarily be vague. By using the Bayes theorem and the many studies available we can now quantify the probability of a correct result for each individual case. Three parameters need to be known to undertake this calculation; the prevalence of the disease and the sensitivity and specificity of the investigation. The prevalence of the disease is beginning to be recognised taking into account the character of the @entity158 . Four groups of increasing prevalence can thereby be defined: absence of @entity662 , @entity158 , @entity158 . Within each of these groups the prevalence of @entity301 is higher in @entity1 and increases with age. Information about the prevalence of multivessel disease after @entity1188 is more limited. Only two groups can be distinguished which do not take symptoms, age or sex into consideration. The prevalence is 57% after anterior and 65% after inferior @entity1188 . The sensitivity and specificity of stress testing can be determined by comparison with coronary angiography or, when this is available, by following up the @entity1 . These parameters depend mainly on the methodology which should be strictly defined. When only significant ST @entity308 is considered, the overall sensitivity and specificity of exercise stress testing is 70% and 80% respectively. These results vary according to the particular context; in @entity1 , the sensitivity and specificity are 72% and 75% respectively; in asymptomatic subjects the sensitivity and specificity are 50% and 85% respectively. With regards to the detection of multivessel disease after anterior @entity1188 , the sensitivity and specificity are 58 and 85% respectively and after inferior @entity1188 , 85 and 84% respectively. The use of diagnostic probability based on these parameters should lead to unambiguous practical management of @entity1 related to the degrees of probability obtained. The underlying principles of this diagnostic approach cannot be questioned as they are based on a well established mathematical formula. However, much work remains to be done, on the one hand to determine the exact prevalence of @entity301 , and on the other hand to improve the sensitivity of exercise stress testing.

title: [The diagnostic exercise test in XXXX . Proposal for a more rigorous and efficacious interpretation].

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['atypical pain and typical pain', 'pain', 'non-anginal pain']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: India is currently suffering from an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases; it is thus imperative to screen for cardiovascular risk factors in @entity1 visiting Primary Health Centers (PHCs). The objective of the study was to measure the amount of undiagnosed @entity101 and selected cardiovascular risk factors present among the adult population through opportunistic screening at the PHC. METHODS: A facility-based opportunistic screening program was carried out in a PHC in rural Puducherry. @entity1 and accompanying @entity1 aged 30 years and above, who attended the daily outpatient department (OPD) were included. The OPD provides outpatient services and medical procedures or tests without requirement of an overnight stay, and functions for 4 h a day. Known @entity101 @entity1 and pregnant @entity1 were excluded. Information on age, gender, @entity6 status, and personal history of @entity286 and alcohol use were collected using an interview schedule. Height, weight and waist circumference were measured, along with blood pressure and blood sugar using standard protocols. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) >= 140 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >= 90 mm Hg was taken as @entity101 . SBP of 120-139 mm Hg and/or DBP of 80-89 mm Hg were taken as @entity1556 . RESULTS: A total of 324 @entity1 were screened; 56.8% were females. The mean standard deviation (SD) age of the @entity1 was 47.7 (SD 12.6) years. @entity101 and @entity1556 were present in 17.9% and 37.7% of the @entity1 respectively. 17.3% @entity1 had @entity6 . 22.2% and 21.3% of all @entity1 were current users of @entity286 and alcohol respectively. Generalized @entity28 was present in 31.8% of the @entity1 ; 19.1% were overweight. 45.1% @entity1 had @entity1144 . CONCLUSIONS: A relatively large proportion of adults were found to have @entity1556 and @entity28 , thus showing the need for early intervention.

title: Opportunistic Screening for XXXX and Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Adults Attending a Primary Health Center in Puducherry, India.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'people', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity1144 :: ('MESH:D056128', 'Disease') :: ['central obesity']

entities_list: @entity1556 :: ('MESH:D058246', 'Disease') :: ['prehypertension']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Hypertension']


abstract: @entity912 ( @entity912 ) is a condition characterised by @entity4589 due to hypokalaemia usually secondary to @entity2743 . We report a case of a 31-year-old @entity1 with no known comorbidities who presented to a tertiary healthcare unit with a 1-month history of difficulty in breathing, palpitations, @entity353 and @entity7374 . On examination, his thyroid gland was palpable and fine hand @entity400 were present. An initial provisional diagnosis of @entity1378 was made. Three months after initial presentation, the @entity1 presented in emergency with severe @entity925 and inability to stand. Laboratory results revealed hypokalaemia. All the symptoms reverted over the next few hours on administration of intravenous @entity972 . A diagnosis of @entity2106 was established. After initial presentation, the @entity1 was treated with @entity5012 and @entity1169 . Once he was euthyroid, radioactive @entity1496 ablation therapy (15   mCi) was carried out as definitive therapy, after which the @entity1 's symptoms resolved; he is currently doing fine on @entity1955 replacement and there has been no recurrence of @entity4589 .

title: @entity4589 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1169 :: ('MESH:D011433', 'Chemical') :: ['propranolol']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

entities_list: @entity4589 :: ('MESH:D012133', 'Disease') :: ['muscle paralysis']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ['thyrotoxicosis']

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['levothyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism']

entities_list: @entity5012 :: ('MESH:D002231', 'Chemical') :: ['carbimazole']

entities_list: @entity7374 :: ('MESH:D006685', 'Disease') :: ['hoarseness of voice']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity925 :: ('MESH:D063806', 'Disease') :: ['muscle pain']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis', 'TPP']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['thyrotoxicosis']


abstract: @entity3981 ( @entity3981 ) of the @entity788 is a rare @entity5 with an extremely low incidence rate. While the number of reported @entity1 with @entity3981 is relatively small, a long-term survival rate has been noted in @entity1 with neuroendocrine differentiation. A 39-year-old @entity1 visited our emergency department for @entity360 . Endoscopy indicated extrinsic compression of the posterior body of the stomach, together with a large, 10-cm, central @entity1066 covered with @entity39 tissue. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated a lesion that involved the whole of the @entity788 , with a @entity292 in the stomach, which was suspected of being a @entity5 of the @entity788 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the @entity788 was performed, and the results further strengthened our suspicions by demonstrating the presence of @entity5409 and @entity5 buds. A total duodenopancreatectomy, including total splenectomy and gastrectomy, was performed, along with two independent Roux-en-Y anastomoses (one esojejunal and one hepaticojejunal). The @entity5 also had a wide opening in the stomach. The @entity1 's postoperative course was marked by partial @entity715 of the portal vein, which was treated medically. Histopathological examination provided evidence of pancreatic @entity3981 . The diagnosis of @entity3981 should be considered in the presence of cutaneous lesions, which were absent in the case of our @entity1 , and colonoscopy is also highly desirable because of the various forms associated with @entity1412 . The prognosis, which includes a 5-year survival rate of 45%, in the population with an R0 resection is better than that for ductular @entity420 , thus prompting the more aggressive management of this type of @entity5 .

title: XXXX : a rare @entity5 with a particular clinical and paraclinical presentation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreas']

entities_list: @entity5409 :: ('MESH:D052177', 'Disease') :: ['cystic lesions']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'degenerative intraductal papillary mucinous tumor']

entities_list: @entity3981 :: ('MESH:D018267', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'Acinar cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['upper gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity3981 :: (MESH:D018267,Disease) :: ['Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advancements in the treatment of @entity1778 , @entity159 ( @entity159 ) may potentially affect disease prognosis. This study aims to evaluate whether @entity159 is associated with survival from @entity1778 . METHODS: The US National @entity5 Institute Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER) 1973-2010 data were analyzed; thereafter, results were meta-analyzed along with those from survival (cohort) studies examining the association between @entity159 indices and survival from @entity1778 (end-of-search date: 31 March 2014). Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled effect estimates (relative risks, RRs); meta-regression was also used. RESULTS: We included 29 studies yielding 28 804 @entity981 ( @entity981 ), 3208 @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) and 27 650 'any' @entity1778 (denoting joint reporting of all subtypes) cases. According to individual-level composite @entity159 indices, @entity1 from low @entity159 suffered from nearly twofold higher death rates from @entity981 (pooled RR: 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.00-3.34, based on four study arms); likewise, death RRs derived from an array of lower area-level @entity159 indices ranged between 1.17 and 1.33 (based on 11 study arms). Importantly, the survival gap between higher and lower @entity159 seemed wider in the United States, with considerably (by 20%-82%) increased RRs for death from @entity981 in lower @entity159 . Regarding @entity3052 , poorer survival was evident only when area-level @entity159 indices were used. Lastly, remoteness indices were not associated with survival from @entity1778 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 with lower @entity159 suffering @entity1778 do not seem to equally enjoy the @entity1017 . Special health policy strategies and increased awareness of health providers might minimize the effects of socioeconomic disparities.

title: Socioeconomic disparities in survival from XXXX in the United States and globally: a meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['ALL', 'acute lymphoblastic leukemia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myeloblastic leukemia', 'AML']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukemia', 'childhood leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['impressive recent survival gains']

entities_list: @entity159 :: ('MESH:D013226', 'Disease') :: ['SES', 'socioeconomic status']

answer: @entity1778 :: (MESH:D007938,Disease) :: ['childhood leukemia']


abstract: Cortical neural prostheses (CNPs) hold great promise for paralyzed @entity1 by recording neural signals from the brain and translating them into movement commands. However, these electrodes normally fail to record neural signals weeks to months after implantation due to @entity32 and neuronal loss around the implanted neural electrodes. Sustained local delivery of neurotrophins from biocompatible coatings on CNPs can potentially promote neuron survival and attract the nearby neurons to migrate toward the electrodes to increase neuron density at the electrode/brain interface, which is important for maintaining the recording quality and long-term performance of the implanted CNPs. However, sustained release of neurotrophins from biocompatible ultrathin coatings is very difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigated the potential of several biocompatible natural polyanions including heparin, @entity13237 , and gelatin to form layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly with positively charged @entity2252 nerve growth factor (NGF) and its model protein lysozyme, and whether sustained release of NGF and lysozyme can be achieved from the nanoscale thin LbL coatings. We found that gelatin, which is less negatively charged than heparin and dextran @entity597 , showed the highest efficacy in loading proteins into the LbL films because other interactions in addition to electrostatic interactions were involved in LbL assembly. Sustained release of NGF and lysozymes for approximately 2 weeks was achieved from the gelatin-based LbL coatings. Released NGF maintained the bioactivity to stimulate neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. Gelatin is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. Thus, the biocompatible LbL coating developed in this study is highly promising to be used for implanted CNPs to improve their long-term performance in @entity1 @entity1 .

title: Layer-by-layer films assembled from natural polymers for sustained release of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'human']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity13237 :: ('MESH:D016264', 'Chemical') :: ['dextran sulfate']

entities_list: @entity597 :: ('CHEBI:16189', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfate']

answer: @entity2252 :: (627,Gene) :: ['neurotrophin']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the @entity1893 treated with enhanced chemotherapy regimen and increase of treatment courses, including number of treatment courses, short-term efficacy, long-term survival and safety. METHODS: All the 254 cases of @entity1893 in our hospital from January 2004 to February 2014 received a variety of intensive enhanced chemotherapy regimen, such as CHOPE, MAED, MMED and TAED. The median number of treatment course was 14, including 8 in the 1st year, 4 in the 2nd and 2 in the 3rd. RESULTS: (1) In 254 assessable @entity1 , 182 @entity1 (71.7%) achieved complete responses (CR), 30 @entity1 (11.8%) achieved partial responses (PR), 22 @entity1 (8.7%) achieved @entity66 ( @entity66 ), 20 @entity1 (7.9%) achieved @entity74 ( @entity74 ), 212 @entity1 (83.5%) achieved response rate (RR). The median time of following-up was 56.5 months, the overall survivals (OS) of 1, 3 and 5 years were 90.1%, 74.5% and 61.1% respectively, the median survival time was 69 months, and the disease-free survivals (DFS) were 81.8%, 65.4% and 54.7% respectively, the median DFS was 65 months. (2) In therapeutic effects at early phase, the 3-year OS of @entity1 who achieved CR, PR, @entity66 and @entity74 were 92.2%, 56.0%, 20.2% and 0% respectively; The 5-year OS of @entity1 who achieved CR through  <=4 cycle treatments and the 5-year OS of @entity1 who achieved CR through >4 cycles treatments were 83.1% and 6.8%, their DFS were 72.4% and 0% respectively. (3) The relapse rates of @entity1 who received < 6, 6-8, 9-10, 11-13, 14, 15 and 20 cycle treatments were 82.5%, 78.9%, 71.9%, 65.8%, 41.8%, 30.4% and 16.7%. The response rate (RR) of @entity1 who received 6-8 traditional chemotherapy cycle as @entity3726 or @entity3726 -like regimen were 50%-60% and relapse rate > 70%. CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional chemotherapy regimens, the dose-escalated, intensive and modified chemotherapy regimen can significatly improve the therapeutic efficiency for @entity1 with @entity1893 , including CR, long-term survival rate, and a good tolerance for @entity1 . The chemotherapy intensity has been confirmed to be an important factor that associated with therapeutic efficiency. On the conditions tolerated by @entity1 , the number of treatment cycles for @entity1893 @entity1 can be increased at lest 14, with 8 in the first year, 4 in the second year and 2 in the third year. The increase of chemotherapy cycle can obviously reduce the relapse rate and improve the long-term prognosis of @entity1 . It is worth to further explore.

title: [Clinical Study of XXXX Treated with Enhanced Chemotherapy Regimen and Increased Treatment Courses].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['stable disease', 'SD']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['PD', 'progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity1893 :: ('MESH:D008228', 'Disease') :: ["non-Hodgkin's lymphoma", 'NHL']

answer: @entity1893 :: (MESH:D008228,Disease) :: ['Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: @entity4254 ( @entity4254 ) is mostly caused by vascular compression of the nerve's root entry zone due to an ectatic artery. Rarer causes include compression from @entity5 , @entity1462 or @entity15 . @entity600 ( @entity600 ) are benign, aberrantly appearing venous structures that drain normal cerebral tissue. @entity600 are a rare etiology of @entity4254 . The management of @entity4254 caused by a @entity8468 is controversial as disruption of the @entity8468 can be catastrophic. Methods: We report a case of a young @entity1 with severe medically refractory @entity4254 related to a brachium pontis @entity8468 who was successfully treated by gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSR) to the trigeminal nerve. Results: Within 2 weeks of GKSR, the @entity1 reported experiencing 60% @entity158 relief; 5 years postoperatively, he remains @entity158 free with some mild sensory loss in the V2 and V3 areas. Conclusions: GKSR has an established role in the management of @entity4254 . This is the first reported case of using GKSR to treat @entity4254 caused by a @entity8468 . In the setting of a @entity8468 , GKSR should be an initial consideration for @entity4254 therapy after medical failure because of the high surgical risk related to disrupting the @entity8468 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Gamma Knife Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia Caused by a XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity4254 :: ('MESH:D014277', 'Disease') :: ['Trigeminal neuralgia', 'TN']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['DVAs', 'Developmental venous anomalies']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'completely pain']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['multiple sclerosis plaques']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformations']

answer: @entity600 :: (MESH:D000014,Disease) :: ['Developmental Venous Anomaly']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of @entity260 on long-term outcome has been reported in several types of @entity5 . However, it is unclear why @entity260 affect long-term outcome. The aim of this study is evaluating whether @entity260 occurrence or @entity1851 ( @entity1851 ) elevation better reflects long-term outcome in @entity356 @entity1 . METHODS: This study included 305 @entity1 who underwent curative surgery for pT2-T4b @entity356 . @entity1 were divided into two groups based on the peak @entity1851 value (CRPmax ): low (<12   mg/dl) and high CRPmax (>= 12   mg/dl). A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: @entity260 (>= Grade II) occurred in 86 of 305 @entity1 (28.2%). Although @entity1851 elevation (P   =   0.001) and @entity260 occurrence (P   =   0.045) was each significantly associated with @entity1349 in the univariate analysis, multivariate analysis identified @entity1851 elevation (P   =   0.017) but not complication occurrence (P   =   0.682) as an independent prognostic factor. Among @entity1 without complications, those in the high CRPmax group had significantly worse @entity1349 than those in the low CRPmax group (P   =   0.004). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1851 elevation is a more reliable indicator of survival after @entity356 surgery than @entity260 occurrence. Surgeons should minimize the postoperative inflammatory response to improve prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Which is a more reliable indicator of survival after XXXX surgery: Postoperative complication occurrence or @entity1851 elevation?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications', 'Postoperative complications', 'postoperative complication']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['RFS', 'recurrence-free survival']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein', 'CRP']

answer: @entity356 :: (MESH:D013274,Disease) :: ['gastric cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) accounts for ~80% of all cases of @entity2 , and is the leading cause of @entity5 -related mortality worldwide. The majority of @entity1149 cases of are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The outcome of @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 is poor with a median survival time of ~12 months in European and American populations. @entity1071 ( @entity1071 ) represent a heterogeneous group of expanding lymphoid cells, which occurs as a result of @entity1200 . @entity1071 are often associated with primary solid @entity5 . We report two cases of LPD diagnosed concurrently and successively to @entity1149 . The first case presents a 65-year-old female @entity1 with @entity5 , according to the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer TNM staging system. The @entity1 developed a concurrent @entity706 and was treated with first-line therapy including six cycles of @entity136 and @entity900 , however, the @entity1 experienced an adverse drug reaction to bevacizumab, which was administered after @entity136 and prior to @entity900 . The second case presented a 74-year-old male @entity1 diagnosed with large @entity1892 . The @entity1 acheived remission of the illness, however, after one year the @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1544 . After three years, the @entity1 underwent surgery, however disease recurrence was identified. Subsequently, the @entity1 was treated with sterotactic radiotherapy and oral chemotherapy. A review of the associated literature was also conducted.

title: XXXX and concurrent or sequential @entity706 : Two case reports with hypersensitivity to bevacizumab and a review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1071 :: ('MESH:D008232', 'Disease') :: ['Lymphoproliferative disorders', 'LPDs']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['advanced IV stage lung cancer', 'cancers', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'Non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1200 :: ('MESH:D007154', 'Disease') :: ['immune dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1892 :: ('MESH:D016393', 'Disease') :: ['B cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['Lung cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 5005 Background: Most @entity1 (pts) with @entity43 relapse. ICON 4 - AGO OVAR 2.2 results suggest combination C-based therapy may be superior to single agent C. GC is a feasible less neurotoxic regimen and thus of interest to evaluate in this setting. METHODS: In this phase III trial pts with @entity902 sensitive recurrent @entity43 (>=  6 months after the end of primary therapy) were randomized to receive C (AUC 4 d1) plus G (1000 mg/m(2) @entity17079 ) or C (AUC 5 d1) every 3 weeks. The primary objective compared progression free survival (PFS) in both arms. Secondary objectives were response rate (RR) and duration, overall survival (OS), @entity137 and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: From 09/99 and 04/02, 356 pts (178 GC, 178 C) were randomized. Both study arms were well balanced for baseline disease characteristics. Median number of cycles was 6 for GC (0-10) and C (0-9). The weekly dose intensity was 98.2% for C (C arm) and 96.2% for C and 75.6% (92.8% for @entity12840 and 63.4% for d8) for G (GC arm). Grade 3/4 hematologic @entity137 were significant higher in the GC arm ( @entity417 27.4% of pts. vs. 8.0%, @entity1398 70.3% vs. 12.0%, @entity882 34.9% vs. 11.4%). @entity1261 or @entity2841 was more often used in GC (23.6% of pts. vs. 10.1%) as well as red cell transfusions (37.1% vs. 14.6%). Clinical sequelae were similar between arms: @entity1398 (1.1% GC vs. 0% C) and infections (0.6% for both arms). Grade 3/4 non-hematologic @entity137 were infrequent in both arms (< 5%), especially for @entity16 (1.1% GC vs. 1.7% C). Overall RR for GC was 47.2% (95% CI: 39.9-54.5%) and 30.9% (95% CI: 24.1-37.7) for C (p= 0.0016). GC pts reported significantly faster palliation of abdominal symptoms as well as significantly improved global QoL. With a median follow up of 13 months, median PFS was 8.6 mo (95%CI: 8.0-9.7) for GC and 5.8 mo (95% CI: 5.2-7.1) for C (HR 0.72 [95% CI: 0.57-0.90], p= 0.0038, e= 311). OS data are immature and this study was not powered to detect differences in OS. CONCLUSION: The combination of G plus C improves PFS and QoL in @entity902 sensitive recurrent @entity43 @entity1 with acceptable @entity137 . [Table: see text].

title: Gemcitabine/carboplatin (GC) vs. carboplatin (C) in @entity902 sensitive recurrent XXXX ( @entity43 ). Results of a Gynecologic Cancer Intergroup randomized phase III trial of the AGO OVAR, the NCIC CTG and the EORTC GCG.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['sensory neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia', 'febrile neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity43 :: (MESH:D010051,Disease) :: ['ovarian cancer']


abstract: A phase I study of a biweekly outpatient regimen composed of @entity3003 ( @entity3003 ) and @entity1311 ( @entity20756 ) was conducted for advanced @entity1149 . @entity20756 was given in combination with a fixed dose of @entity3003 (AUC 3) every 2 weeks. The starting dose of @entity20756 was 100 mg/m2, and the dose was escalated in increments of 20 mg/m2. Three to six @entity1 were allocated to each level. @entity137 were evaluated in the first 4 courses to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). @entity20756 160 mg/m2 dosages proved to be MTD, and the dose limiting @entity137 (DLT) was hematotoxicity ( @entity1398 ). The @entity1 , however, recovered from @entity1398 using @entity1261 immediately, when @entity1261 was used. @entity344 was well-tolerated. A response was found in 9 out of 20 @entity1 who received 4 courses or more (45%). These results suggest that the recommended dose would be @entity3003 (AUC 3) + @entity20756 140 mg/m2. The biweekly regimen has a high level clinical activity and excellent tolerability, and is suitable for outpatients. We started a phase II study because of these results.

title: [Phase I study of biweekly @entity1311 and XXXX administration in @entity1 with advanced @entity1149 ].

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Toxicities']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['CBDCA', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['Gastrointestinal toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inteins and group I introns found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms occasionally behave as mobile genetic elements. During meiosis of the @entity375 @entity375 , the site-specific endonuclease encoded by @entity16794 intein, VDE, triggers a single @entity6724 ( @entity6724 ) at an inteinless allele, leading to @entity16794 intein homing. Besides the accumulating information on the in vitro activity of VDE, very little has been known about the molecular mechanism of intein homing in @entity375 nucleus. RESULTS: We developed an assay to detect the product of @entity16794 intein homing in @entity375 genome. We analysed mutant phenotypes of RecA homologs, @entity11023 and @entity18570 , and their interacting proteins, @entity29816 and @entity72920 , and found that they all play critical roles in intein inheritance. The absence of @entity6724 end processing proteins, @entity41892 and those in the @entity42182 - @entity12248 - @entity42183 complex, also causes partial reduction in homing efficiency. As with meiotic recombination, crossover events are frequently observed during intein homing. We also observed that the absence of premeiotic DNA replication caused by @entity1862 (HU) or clb5delta clb6delta mutation reduces VDE-mediated DSBs. CONCLUSION: The repairing system working in intein homing shares molecular machinery with meiotic recombination induced by @entity374 . Moreover, like @entity374 -induced DNA cleavage, premeiotic DNA replication is a prerequisite for a VDE-induced @entity6724 . @entity16794 intein thus utilizes several host factors involved in meiotic and recombinational processes to spread its genetic information and guarantee its progeny through establishment of a parasitic relationship with the organism.

title: VDE-initiated intein homing in XXXX proceeds in a meiotic recombination-like manner.

entities_list: @entity6724 :: ('MESH:D019457', 'Disease') :: ['DSB', 'double-strand break']

entities_list: @entity1862 :: ('MESH:D006918', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyurea']

entities_list: @entity375 :: ('4932', 'Species') :: ['yeast', 'Saccharomyces cerevisiae']

answer: @entity375 :: (4932,Species) :: ['Saccharomyces cerevisiae']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a target board test (TBT) for quantifying @entity2055 and measuring @entity6447 in the presence of @entity400 . DESIGN: Each subject was instructed to reach out and mark a target placed at arm's length with a pen (10 times with each hand). Ten @entity1 performed the test twice. SETTING: A hospital-based @entity15 ( @entity15 ) unit. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three @entity1 with @entity15 and upper limb @entity400 / @entity2055 and 20 healthy control subjects. The @entity15 @entity1 were classified into four subgroups: @entity15 control group (n = 13), @entity15 @entity400 group (n = 9), @entity15 @entity6447 group (n = 6), @entity15 mixed ( @entity400 and @entity6447 ) group (n = 25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the average radial distance away from the target (mean R) and the mean directional error (mean V) of the 10 contact points from the target. From these a @entity6447 @entity400 index (DTI) was calculated by dividing mean V by mean R. Also used were a @entity6447 scale, a dysdiadochokinesia scale and a finger-tapping test. RESULTS: Mean R correlated significantly with @entity6447 , dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic @entity400 and (inversely) with the finger-tapping test (all p < 0.005). The median difference between two measurements of mean R for all 10 contact points was 11.3% and 19.0% and for mean V48.3% and 63.4% and DTI 57.2% and 50.5% for the right- and left-hand sides respectively, indicating the considerable directional variability within @entity2055 . CONCLUSION: The TBT provides simple quantitative objective measurements of @entity2055 .

title: Target board test for the quantification of @entity2055 in tremulous XXXX .

entities_list: @entity6447 :: ('MESH:D002524', 'Disease') :: ['dysmetria']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['MS', 'multiple sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2055 :: ('MESH:D001259', 'Disease') :: ['ataxia', 'upper limb ataxia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: An association between @entity420 and @entity30 ( @entity30 ) is well-established. We present our recent experience with this entity in order to further elucidate its clinicopathological features and update our series from 1991. METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of all surgical @entity1 with @entity420 and @entity30 seen at our institution between 1993 and 2009. Follow-up was assessed until time of @entity204 or by interview with survivors. Survival was calculated based on @entity2802 ( @entity5 extent, lymph node status, metastases staging) staging and comparing between our current and previous series. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 (ten females and 19 males) were identified and followed for a median of 2 years. The median age at onset of @entity30 symptoms was 25, and the median age at @entity5 diagnosis was 55.4, for a mean interval of 25.3 years. Twenty-two @entity5 were ileal and five were jejunal. There were no @entity5 in excluded intestinal loops. Significant differences in 2-year survival were determined for: node-negative (79.3%, 95%CI 58.3-100%) versus node-positive @entity5 (49% %, 95%CI 20.0-78.0%), and for localized (92.3%, 95%CI 77.8-100%) versus metastatic disease (33.3%, 95%CI 6.6-60%). Overall 36-month survival was 69.3% (95%CI 51.5-87.1%) compared to 40% among those without excluded loops in our series from 1991. Sixteen @entity1 had long periods of quiescent disease before diagnosis (7-45 years), and 16 required surgery for bowel obstruction that was refractory to medical management. Adequate information was not retrievable for three @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: A comparison to our previous series reveals similar clinical characteristics and a high rate of node-positive @entity5 at diagnosis. Our findings also confirm two important clinical indicators of @entity5 : recrudescent symptoms after long periods of relative quiescence and @entity1744 that is refractory to medical therapy.

title: XXXX in @entity30 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancers', 'cancer', 'malignancy']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['Small bowel adenocarcinoma']


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the outcomes of @entity2249 in @entity1 with @entity4039 ( @entity4039 )-related impingement. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 37 consecutive @entity1 (40 hips; 19 male and 18 female @entity1 ; age range, 10 to 19  years) with @entity4039 who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoral neck osteoplasty over a 4-year period. Six hips were excluded because of the severity of the slip or conversion to an open procedure. The preoperative and postoperative slip angle, alpha angle, and internal rotation in flexion were compared. @entity1 were evaluated for @entity158 , functional limitations, and @entity717 ( @entity717 ) at each follow-up visit. The mean follow-up period was 22  months (range, 12 to 56  months). RESULTS: We analyzed the results of 34 hips. Adequate distraction could not be obtained initially in 7 hips. The labral and acetabular cartilage damage appeared to be from crushing and abrasion from the bony prominence of the neck. The goals of complete @entity158 relief and correction of @entity717 were achieved in 88% of the hips. @entity717 and @entity158 persisted in 2 hips, and 2 @entity1 had residual @entity158 despite good motion. There was a statistically significant improvement in alpha angle (from 88.22   and 56.91  , P < .0001) and internal rotation in flexion (from  -21.53   to 10.28  , P < .0001) with intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2249 is effective in decreasing @entity158 , the alpha angle, and @entity717 in mild to moderate @entity4039 . @entity5845 , scarring from previous surgery, and the presence of screws in the anterior neck presented challenges to the arthroscopic technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic case series.

title: XXXX in @entity4039 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['Arthroscopic femoral neck osteoplasty', 'arthroscopic femoral neck osteoplasty']

entities_list: @entity5845 :: ('MESH:D009767', 'Disease') :: ['Morbid obesity']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['OERD', 'obligatory external rotation deformity']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['slipped capital femoral epiphysis', 'SCFE']

answer: @entity2249 :: (MESH:D005265,Disease) :: ['Arthroscopic femoral neck osteoplasty']


abstract: Adult male @entity35 were administered 75 mg/kg of the neurotoxin @entity8250 to produce lesions of the inferior olive-climbing fiber projection to the cerebellum. At selected times ranging from 6 h to 43 days postlesion, @entity35 were evaluated for @entity66 , and @entity367 decarboxylase (GAD) activity was determined in the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar vermis. In the deep nuclei non-monotonic changes in GAD activity were found following climbing fiber destruction. Initially, there was a steady increase in GAD activity which peaked at 38% above control values 14 days postlesion. GAD activity then slowly declined, although it remained significantly above control levels at 43 days postlesion, the latest time point examined. In the vermis, GAD activity was significantly increased at 4 days postlesion (+8%) and remained at approximately this level throughout the experiment. The initial behavioral effects of climbing fiber loss included @entity2421 and @entity2055 with severely reduced mobility. With time, the @entity2055 and @entity2421 decreased and movements such as mud-walking and pivoting developed. As these behaviors diminished, other novel conditions such as movement-associated @entity400 and hopping appeared. These results are discussed in the context of the previously reported effects of climbing fiber lesions on the firing rates of Purkinje cells and deep nuclei cells.

title: Temporal sequence of motor disturbances and increased cerebellar @entity367 decarboxylase activity following XXXX lesions in adult @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity8250 :: ('MESH:C010835', 'Chemical') :: ['3-acetylpyridine']

entities_list: @entity2421 :: ('MESH:D009123', 'Disease') :: ['hypotonia']

entities_list: @entity367 :: ('CHEBI:18237', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamic acid']

answer: @entity8250 :: (MESH:C010835,Chemical) :: ['3-acetylpyridine']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Needle-knife sphincterotomy (NKS), known as 'precut', is used worldwide to facilitate access to the common bile duct when standard cannulation has failed. This procedure is considered hazardous because it is burdened with high procedural related complications ( @entity548 and perforation). Its right timing is still debated. In this study we report our results using a modified precut approach, early shallow needle-knife papillotomy (eSNKP) coupled with guidewire cannulation in case of @entity1829 . We evaluated its safety and effectiveness. METHODS: From 2012 to 2014, 1034 @entity1 underwent therapeutic ERCP. A total of 138 of them presented @entity1829 and were treated with eSNKP performed after 5 failed attempts of standard guidewire cannulation. Deep biliary cannulation rate was recorded, as well as intraoperative and postoperative complication rate. RESULTS: Successful biliary deep cannulation was achieved in 132/138 @entity1 (95.7%) by means of eSNKP. In 6 @entity1 (4.3%), cannulation failed even after eSNKP. ERCP was newly performed 72 hours later with successful and immediate guidewire biliary cannulation. Overall morbidity was 10.1% (14/138). No perforation occurred. @entity548 occurred in 4/138 cases (2.9%) and 10/138 @entity1 (7.2%) developed mild @entity788 . CONCLUSION: In case of @entity1829 , eSNKP followed by guidewire cannulation increases the successful deep biliary cannulation with low rate of complications.

title: Early 'shallow' needle-knife papillotomy and guidewire cannulation: an effective and safe approach to XXXX .

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis']

entities_list: @entity1829 :: ('MESH:D010211', 'Disease') :: ['difficult papilla']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['Minor bleeding', 'bleeding']

answer: @entity1829 :: (MESH:D010211,Disease) :: ['difficult papilla']


abstract: 1. @entity671 (InsP3) injected into unfertilized @entity329 eggs elicits a hyperpolarizing response (HR) that is due to stimulation of @entity460 -activated @entity972 channels in the egg plasma membrane. 2. A single injection of InsP3 gave a single HR above a threshold value of 0.3 nM. At 5 nM and above, InsP3 induced HRs with no detectable latency. At concentrations between these two values a latency was observed. The amplitude of the HR was independent of InsP3 concentration. 3. A second HR could be elicited by injection of InsP3, but five times more InsP3 was required to trigger a second HR, and 10-100 times more to give an HR of similar magnitude to the first, and there was no latency. 4. The increase in [ @entity141 ]i in response to an initial injection of 1 nM InsP3 could be resolved into two distinct components: a slow, early rise immediately after InsP3 injection (phase I) followed by a larger and more rapid increase (phase II). The initiation of an HR coincided with the second component of the [ @entity141 ]i increase. 5. Further injection of InsP3 resulted only in slow, smaller increases in [ @entity141 ]i that resembled phase I and often did not cause an HR. Phase II appeared to be absent. However, 100-fold greater InsP3 concentrations gave slow, larger @entity141 transients (and HRs) with no detectable latency. 6. If large amounts of InsP3 were allowed to leak into the eggs constantly from a pipette, repetitive @entity460 transients were seen. Unlike the sustained repetitive responses seen at fertilization, they were often smaller than the initial transient and less well sustained. However, a subsequent transient could still be elicited on injection of very large concentrations of InsP3. 7. InsP3 can induce regenerative, all-or-none [ @entity141 ]i increase (CICR) in hamster eggs, often with a long latency, as well as non-regenerative increases. InsP3 injections desensitize CICR and cannot mimic all the features of @entity141 signalling at fertilization in the hamster egg, in particular, the sensitization of CICR caused by the sperm.

title: Regenerative and non-regenerative XXXX transients in hamster eggs triggered by @entity671 .

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity329 :: ('10036', 'Species') :: ['golden hamster']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']