abstract: Four hundred @entity1 with @entity118 treated surgically were reviewed. Thirty five (8.7%) developed arrhytmias post-surgery which persisted for over a year. Sinus @entity1168 was found in 10 @entity1 , nodal rhythm in 21, and atrial fibrilation and flutter in 4 @entity1 . Thirty five per cent of the @entity1 with late @entity943 developed related symptomatology. In 14 @entity1 the function of the sinus node was studied with electrical stimulation of the atrium and with His registry. The interatrial conduction time, AV node and His Purkinje were analized employing various stimulation frequencies. All the cases studied had normal intra-atrial conduction; the response of the atrio-ventricular node to increasing frequencies was normal, an the intraventricular conduction remained constant. In 8 @entity1 (52%), alterations of the sinus node were found; these consisted of prolonged post-stimulation pauses, @entity9765 and suppression of sinus automatism employing vagal procedures or through electrical stimulation. A @entity1 with severe @entity1168 detected by dynamic electrocardiography had to be treated with a permanent pacemaker. We confirm that these arrhytmias are not produced by lesions of the internodal tracts, and that an alteration of the sinus node is frequent without a concomitant lesion of the intraventricular pathway. The lesion to the nutrient artery could be due to @entity130 and/or surgically induced. The response to anticholinergic drugs was good. Prolonged observation of these @entity1 could increase the morbility of these arrythmias and raise doubts of the surgical indications in cases with moderate hemodynamic repercussion.

title: [Late XXXX in the operated interatrial communication. Analysis of sinus node function and the conduction pathways by His bundle electrocardiography].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity9765 :: ('MESH:D012848', 'Disease') :: ["Wenckebach's type sinoatrial block"]

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['bradycardia']

answer: @entity943 :: (MESH:D001145,Disease) :: ['arrhythmias']


abstract: Ovarian vascular Doppler is a promising screening test for early @entity43 detection. However, disagreements on flow indices used, flow signal shapes and ovarian vessel localization cause continuing controversy. We aimed at clarifying some of this confusion by directly measuring the adnexal arterial blood flow during laparotomy. A 10-MHz continuous Doppler probe was used to examine adnexal vessels in 24 @entity1 undergoing laparotomy for benign gynecological pathology. Resistance (RI) and pulsatility (PI) indices were calculated for each vessel and the shape of the flow signals was noted. The tubal arteries showed a low-velocity flow pattern with relatively high end-diastolic flow when compared to the ovarian artery signals obtained from the infundibulopelvic ligament.The mean RIs for the tubal @entity2670 in the infundibulopelvic ligament were 0.59 +/- 0.02 and 0.73 +/- 0.02, respectively. The mean PIs for the @entity2670 in the infundibulopelvic ligament were 1.11 +/- 0.09 and 1.53 +/- 0.1, respectively. The tubal artery showed a significantly lower RI and PI when compared to the @entity2670 at the infundibulopelvic ligament (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively) and its hilar branches (p = 0.03 for RI and p = 0.03 for PI). We conclude that tubal artery flow signals, which are measured directly for the first time in this study, are characteristic and are distinct from the ovarian artery signals. Tubal artery signals might be erroneously picked up during transvaginal color Doppler sonography of the ovaries, especially in the presence of conditions causing a decreased impedance to blood flow in the pelvis, such as @entity43 . Recognizing the flow signal from the tubal artery may help in differentiating @entity43 during color Doppler sonography.

title: The characterization of flow signals from XXXX using intraoperative continuous wave Doppler.

entities_list: @entity43 :: ('MESH:D010051', 'Disease') :: ['ovarian tumors', 'ovarian and tubal vessels detected', 'ovarian cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2670 :: ('MESH:D010049', 'Disease') :: ['tubal and ovarian artery', 'artery and ovarian artery', 'ipsilateral ovarian artery']

answer: @entity2670 :: (MESH:D010049,Disease) :: ['tubal and ovarian arteries']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors audit the introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy and compare outcomes with a parallel cohort of @entity1 undergoing open splenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic splenectomy was first reported in 1992. It was introduced into clinical practice at the Royal Brisbane Hospital in 1991. Between June 1991 and March 1994, 24 @entity1 have undergone laparoscopic splenectomies and 23 @entity1 have had laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsies. METHODS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed using a four- or five-port technique. The splenic hilum was secured using a linear stapler cutter, and the spleen was removed after placing it in a laparoscopic bag. Lymph node biopsy was performed using a three- or four-port technique, depending on the site and size of the lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 22 @entity1 (92%). Median hospital stay was 3 days (range 2-7 days) and morbidity occurred in two @entity1 (8%). Lymph node biopsy was completed laparoscopically in 21 of 23 @entity1 (91%), with morbidity in two cases (9%). Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-6 days), with a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Comparison with open splenectomy revealed that the laparoscopic approach took significantly longer to perform (p = 0.0002), but resulted in a significantly shorter hospital stay (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic lymph node biopsy currently are used as the treatments of choice for @entity1503 in our institution.

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy and lymph node biopsy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['hematologic disease']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['hematologic disorders']


abstract: A pilot study of @entity3754 was conducted in two contiguous villages of Patna district in Bihar situated at the side of the river Ganges, known to be endemic for @entity3754 , to study present status of transmission parameters of @entity6565 . Of the 1872 @entity1 examined, 8.4% were found asymptomatic but microfilaraemic. Morbidity pattern due to filarial infection showed an increase with advancement of age and significantly high in males as compared to female (p < 0.001). @entity697 was observed as 0.5% and 9% respectively. Microfilaria was found in 10% of acute and 11.2% of chronic filarial cases. The Mf rate was found to be 9.9% in males and 9.0% in females respectively. The parasite species was identified as @entity10065 . The vector fauna surveyed show highest prevalence of vector species of Cx. quinquefasciatus (43%) in both domestic as well as predomestic area in the community. Other species like Cx. vishnui and Ma. uniformis were also seen. Each household and predomestic area was searched for mosquito fauna at night. The infection rate in vectors was found to be 14% and infectivity rate (L3) was 8%. The @entity6565 cases detected in the study were treated with 12 days course of DEC 6 mg/kg body weight.

title: A pilot study on the status of XXXX in a rural community of Bihar.

entities_list: @entity6565 :: ('MESH:D005368', 'Disease') :: ['filariasis']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['Acute and chronic filarial disease']

entities_list: @entity3754 :: ('MESH:D004605', 'Disease') :: ['lymphatic filariasis']

answer: @entity3754 :: (MESH:D004605,Disease) :: ['lymphatic filariasis']


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity3124 may be associated with @entity79 and loss of @entity79 ( @entity79 ). Prospective evidence describing long-term changes in @entity79 after @entity3124 is needed to further define this relationship. OBJECTIVES: To measure the change in @entity79 and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in subjects 1 year after @entity3124 compared with population-based control subjects. METHODS: We studied adult @entity1 admitted to a tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) who required mechanical ventilation for at least 24 hours. We measured clinical characteristics, BTMs, and @entity79 during admission and 1 year after ICU discharge. We compared change in @entity79 to age- and sex-matched control subjects from the Geelong @entity170 Study. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Sixty-six @entity1 completed @entity79 testing. @entity79 decreased significantly in the year after @entity3124 at both femoral neck and anterior-posterior spine sites. The annual decrease was significantly greater in the ICU cohort compared with matched control subjects (anterior-posterior spine, -1.59%; 95% confidence interval, -2.18 to -1.01; P   <   0.001; femoral neck, -1.20%; 95% confidence interval, -1.69 to -0.70; P   <   0.001). There was a significant increase in 10-year fracture risk for major @entity174 (4.85        5.25 vs. 5.50        5.52; P   <   0.001) and @entity173 (1.57        2.40 vs. 1.79        2.69; P   =   0.001). The pattern of bone resorption markers was consistent with accelerated bone turnover. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3124 individuals experience a significantly greater decrease in @entity79 in the year after admission compared with population-based control subjects. Their bone turnover biomarker pattern is consistent with an increased rate of @entity604 .

title: Changes in Bone Mineral Density in the Year after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fractures']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness', 'Critically ill', 'Critical illness']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['Osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity604 :: ('MESH:D016301', 'Disease') :: ['bone loss']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD', 'increased bone turnover']

entities_list: @entity173 :: ('MESH:D006620', 'Disease') :: ['hip fractures']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critical Illness']


abstract: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with @entity15478 ( @entity6862 ) on growth performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broilers. A total of 480 broilers with an average initial BW of 45.04 g per @entity1573 were randomly allocated into 1 of the following 4 dietary treatments (20 broilers per pen with 6 pens per treatment): 1) CON (basal diet), 2) ANT (basal diet + 44 mg/kg of @entity20187 ), 3) COS0.2 (basal diet + 14 g/kg of @entity6862 ), 4) COS0.4 (basal diet + 28 g/kg of @entity6862 ). The experiment lasted for 5 wk and @entity20187 was administered from d 0 to 21. Growth performance was measured on d 0, 21, and 35, and all other response criteria were measured on d 35. No change in feed conversion (G:F) was observed in response to any of the treatments throughout the experimental period (P > 0.05). However, BW gain and feed intake were greater (P < 0.05) in broilers provided with feed supplemented with @entity6862 than in those in the control group. In addition, broilers had significantly greater (P < 0.05) red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations when they were provided with the COS0.4 diet, whereas the @entity412 concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in broilers in the COS0.2 treatment group. No other blood characteristics were affected by the treatments. Additionally, as the dietary @entity6862 concentration increased, the liver weight increased (P < 0.05). Conversely, as the concentrations of dietary @entity6862 increased, abdominal fat decreased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, meat yellowness decreased (P < 0.05) as the concentration of @entity6862 increased. Finally, the breast meat and abdominal fat of birds provided with feed supplemented with @entity6862 had a lower (P < 0.05) @entity10194 concentration but a greater concentration of total @entity6221 (P < 0.05) than that of birds in the control. In conclusion, @entity6862 can improve the performance and breast meat quality of broilers while increasing the red blood cell and high-density lipoprotein @entity165 concentrations in blood. In addition, @entity6862 can induce a decrease in abdominal fat and improve meat quality.

title: Effects of XXXX supplementation on performance, blood characteristics, relative organ weight, and meat quality in broiler @entity1573 .

entities_list: @entity6221 :: ('MESH:D005229', 'Chemical') :: ['monounsaturated fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity10194 :: ('CHEBI:26607', 'Chemical') :: ['saturated fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity20187 :: ('MESH:C006653', 'Chemical') :: ['avilamycin']

entities_list: @entity15478 :: ('CHEBI:23104', 'Chemical') :: ['chitooligosaccharide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity15478 :: (CHEBI:23104,Chemical) :: ['chitooligosaccharide']


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity82 is a complex acquired @entity3459 and frequent indication for transfusion of blood components. We characterised blood component use in @entity1 with @entity82 and compared this to transfusion guidelines. METHODS: All National Health Service trusts with representation on the British Society of Gastroenterology membership list were invited to take part. Data were collected prospectively on consecutive, unselected, hospitalised admissions with @entity82 over 28 days. Detailed information was recorded for @entity1 receiving blood components including indication (for @entity548 or prophylaxis), type of component, laboratory indices triggering transfusion, complications, @entity1031 events and clinical outcome to day 28. RESULTS: Data on 1313 consecutive @entity1 with @entity82 were collected from 85 hospitals. 391/1313 (30%) were transfused a blood component; in 238/391 (61%) this was for treatment of @entity548 and in 153/391 (39%) for prophylaxis of @entity548 . In 48/185 (26%) cases with @entity548 , the haemoglobin threshold was >80g/L prior to red blood cell transfusion. In the prophylaxis group 238/391 (61%) received transfusion in response to an abnormal haematological value, in the absence of any planned procedure. In @entity1 transfused for procedural prophylaxis 10/34 (29%) received fresh frozen plasma at an International Normalised Ratio lower than the threshold where a benefit would be anticipated. An in- @entity1 @entity1031 event was recorded in 3% (35/1313) and 10% (138/1313) died by day 28. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of hospitalised @entity1 with @entity82 were transfused. Strategies for @entity1 Blood Management should include ensuring transfusion practice is consistent with guidelines and greater emphasis on alternatives to transfusion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Patterns of blood component use in XXXX : a nationwide study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis', 'Cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3459 :: ('MESH:D025861', 'Disease') :: ['disorder of coagulation']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['cirrhosis']


abstract: The contributions of alpha 2- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the central amygdaloid nucleus to the @entity8 and decreased urinary @entity1372 excretion resulting from environmental stress (air jet) in conscious spontaneously @entity101 @entity35 (SHR) were examined. Air stress increased mean arterial pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity (47% from 9.3 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min), and decreased urinary @entity1372 excretion (38% from 2.4 +/- 0.3 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.). After bilateral administration of @entity8074 (2 X 2.5 micrograms) (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) into the central amygdaloid nucleus of the same SHR, air stress had no effect on renal sympathetic nerve activity (+7% from 7.5 +/- 0.8 integrator resets/min) or urinary @entity1372 excretion (+5% from 3.5 +/- 0.4 microEq/min/100 g b. wt.), but still increased mean arterial pressure. These effects of guanabenz were prevented by the prior bilateral administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity3160 (2 X 15 micrograms), into the central amygdaloid nucleus; @entity3160 alone had no effect on the renal responses to air stress in SHR. Guanabenz in the lateral cerebral ventricle (2 micrograms), the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) or a site dorsal to the central amygdaloid nucleus in the area of globus pallidus (2 X 2.5 micrograms) had no effect on the renal sympathetic nerve activity or urinary @entity1372 excretion responses to air stress. Similarly, @entity10342 (2 X 1 microgram; @entity10341 antagonist) in the central amygdaloid nucleus had no effect on the renal responses to air stress.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Alpha 2-adrenoceptors in amygdala control renal sympathetic nerve activity and renal function in conscious spontaneously XXXX @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3160 :: ('MESH:D015016', 'Chemical') :: ['rauwolscine']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['increased renal sympathetic nerve activity']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity8074 :: ('MESH:D006143', 'Chemical') :: ['guanabenz']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertensive']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity8529 is the most common @entity154 of the gastrointestinal tract, occurring in 1-3% of the general population. The most common complication of @entity8529 is @entity1321 . In this report, we describe a rare cause of @entity1321 due to Meckel's; the phytobezoar. After thorough literature review, the authors found about ten individual reports of the same topic. In all these cases, diagnosis was established intra-operatively. CASE PRESENTATION: A forty-seven-year old male presented to the emergency department with a one-day history of @entity490 associated with @entity391 and @entity1142 . Physical examination diagnostic tests revealed features of @entity1321 . DISCUSSION: The lifetime risk of complications in @entity1 with a Meckel'sdiverticulum is usually small and occurs only in up to 4%. In adults' @entity1321 is the most common complication (40%). CONCLUSION: Complicated @entity8529 can have different clinical presentations and can cause @entity1744 . An association with @entity4657 is possible and it should be suspected in adult @entity1 presenting with @entity1744 of unknown causes especially those with high vegetarian diet.

title: Phytobezoar impaction in a XXXX ; a rare cause of @entity1744 : Case report and review of literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4657 :: ('MESH:D001630', 'Disease') :: ['bezoars impaction']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1321 :: ('MESH:D007415', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal obstruction']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity8529 :: ('MESH:D008467', 'Disease') :: ["Meckel's diverticulum"]

answer: @entity8529 :: (MESH:D008467,Disease) :: ['Meckel's diverticulum']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of triptolide (TPL) on the renal tissue of @entity6 @entity35 and its possible mechanisms. METHODS: SD @entity35 were randomly divided into the normal control group (as the normal group), the @entity6 model group (the model group), the low dose TPL treatment group (the low dose TPL group, TPL 0.2 mg/kg by gastrogavage), the high dose TPL treatment group (the high dose TPL group, TPL 0.4 mg/kg by gastrogavage). Equal volume of normal saline was given to @entity35 in the normal group and the model group. Five @entity35 were randomly selected from each group at week 4, 8, and 12 of the experiment to detect body weight, kidney weight, 24 h urinary albumin (24 h UAL), plasma glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), total triglyeride (TG), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), white blood cell (WBC), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). The mRNA and protein expression of @entity16620 ( @entity16620 ) in the renal tissue was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The renal tissue was pathologically stained by HE, PAS, and Masson staining. The glomerular and renal tubular interstitial lesions were observed at each time point. The @entity8 index (GSI) was observed by PAS staining, and the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was calcutated. RESULTS: Compared with the same group at week 4, the expression of 24 h UAL, @entity16620 , GSI, and @entity8 at week 12 significantly decreased in two TPL groups (P <0.01). Compared with the same group at week 8, the expression of 24 h UAL, @entity16620 , GSI, and @entity8 at week 12 also significantly decreased in the two TPL groups (P <0. 05, P <0.01). Compared with the normal group, body weight and the kidney weight obviously decreased at week 4, 8, and 12 in the model group (P <0. 01); 24 h UAL, FBG, TG, TC, HbA1c, @entity16620 , GSI, and @entity8 were obviously elevated (P <0.01). Compared with the model group, 24 h UAL, @entity16620 , GSI, and @entity8 also decreased in the two TPL treatment groups (P <0.01). Compared with the low dose TPL group, they were attenuated in the high dose TPL group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). CONCLUSION: TPL could not only inhibit the over-expression of @entity16620 , but also improve the @entity8 and @entity8 in the renal tissue of @entity6 @entity35 .

title: [Effect of triptolide on the expression of XXXX in the renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy @entity35 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal interstitial filrosis index', 'RIFI', 'renal interstitial fibrosis', 'glomerular sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity16620 :: ('81780(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted', 'RANTES']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

answer: @entity16620 :: (81780(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['RANTES']


abstract: In @entity1 , respiratory viral infections lead to increased airway responsiveness and exacerbations of @entity565 . In the present study, the role of @entity6171 ( @entity6171 ) in virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity32 was examined in @entity840 . In animals treated with control antibody, @entity15609 -3 virus significantly potentiated (219%) the @entity112 -induced increase in lung resistance compared with vehicle treatment. In addition, @entity1800 significantly increased (130 to 450%) the responsiveness of isolated tracheal segments to @entity112 in animals treated with control antibody. In @entity840 treated with control antibody, the numbers of eosinophils (226%), neutrophils (1,380%), and monocytes (626%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly increased after @entity1800 . The level of major basic protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was not altered after @entity1800 . In addition, electron microscopic examination of eosinophils in airway tissue and alveolar lumen did not point to @entity1800 . In @entity840 treated with antibody to @entity6171 the virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 both in vivo and in vitro was almost completely inhibited. In @entity840 treated with anti- @entity6171 , @entity1800 significantly increased the numbers of eosinophils (234%), neutrophils (1,255%), and monocytes (617%) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. These data suggest that @entity6171 plays an important role in airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 but not in the infiltration of eosinophils after @entity1729 .

title: Antibody to @entity6171 inhibits virus-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to @entity112 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity15609 :: ('MESH:D018184', 'Disease') :: ['parainfluenza']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection', 'increased degranulation after viral infection']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory viral infection']

entities_list: @entity112 :: ('MESH:D006632', 'Chemical') :: ['histamine']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea pigs']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blocking both @entity7 and ligand of the @entity7 @entity7 (R) pathway might be feasible and increase antitumor activity. This phase I study investigated @entity17172 , an oral @entity669 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity319 , combined with bevacizumab, in adults with solid @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity1 were treated in successive cohorts with @entity17172 (twice-daily continuously, 450-900 mg) or bevacizumab (bi-weekly, starting dose 5 mg/kg). Safety, pharmacokinetics, endothelial (progenitor) cell (E(P)C)/growth factor kinetics and efficacy were assessed. RESULTS: Most frequent adverse events were @entity158 , @entity390 , voice changes and fatigue. Five dose-limiting @entity137 (DLTs) occurred: @entity101 (cohort I and II), bowel perforation, lipase increase and @entity956 (cohort III). @entity137 resulted in a bevacizumab dose reduction to 1 mg/kg (cohort III). Due to three DLTs (n = 14), this cohort represented the best-tolerated dose level. Bevacizumab effectively neutralized plasma @entity7 even at 1 mg/kg. Twelve @entity1 had stable disease (clinical benefit 46%). EPC and SDF-1a levels increased during monotherapy @entity17172 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17172 (450 mg b.i.d.) combined with bevacizumab (1 mg/kg bi-weekly) shows antitumor activity, but accumulating constitutional @entity137 impedes long-term treatment of @entity1 . Therefore, this combination will not be pursued in a phase II setting.

title: Phase I evaluation of @entity17172 , a @entity7 @entity7 XXXX kinase inhibitor, in combination with bevacizumab in subjects with advanced solid @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'Cumulative toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity7 :: ('7422', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor (receptor)', 'VEGF', 'receptor']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity956 :: ('MESH:D001282', 'Disease') :: ['atrial flutter']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity17172 :: ('MESH:C533371', 'Chemical') :: ['Telatinib', 'telatinib']

answer: @entity669 :: (CHEBI:18186,Chemical) :: ['tyrosine']


abstract: Arrhythmogenic right @entity296 / @entity1141 (ARVC/D) is a predominantly genetically determined and heritable form of @entity296 that is characterized pathologically by the replacement of myocytes by adipose and fibrous tissue and leads to @entity67 , @entity943 , and @entity1164 . The estimated prevalence of ARVC/D in the general population ranges from 1 in 2,000 to 1 in 5,000, @entity1 are more frequently affected than @entity1 , with an approximate ratio of 3:1. ARVC/D can be inherited as an @entity74 with reduced penetrance and variable expression, autosomal recessive inheritance is also described. There have been 12 genes identified which are linked to ARVC/D, encoding several components of the cardiac desmosome. Dysfunctional desmosomes resulting in defective cell adhesion proteins, such as plakoglobin ( @entity23661 ), @entity710 (DSP), @entity14106 ( @entity14106 ), and @entity8259 ( @entity8259 ) consequently cause loss of electrical coupling between cardiac myocytes, leading to myocyte cell death, fibrofatty replacement and @entity943 . Diagnosis is based on the finding a combination of characteristic abnormalities in family history, electrocardiography, cardiac imaging as well as endomyocardial biopsy (original task force criteria). Therapeutic options remain limited because of the progressive nature of ARVC/D. Competitive athletics should be avoided. @entity1 with ARVC/D with a history of having been resuscitated from @entity1164 , @entity1 with @entity1163 , very young @entity1 , and those who have marked right ventricular involvement are at the highest risk for @entity204 and also, the presence of left ventricular involvement is a risk factor. Several authors concluded that @entity1 who meet the Task Force criteria for ARVC/D are at high risk for @entity1164 and should undergo ICD placement for primary and secondary prevention, regardless of electrophysiologic testing results. The role of electrophysiologic study and VT catheter ablation in ARVC/D remains poorly defined, and is frequently used as a palliative measure for @entity1 with refractory VT. The progressive nature of ARVC/D suggests that catheter ablation would not be a long-term curative procedure. @entity2778 proved to be highly effective in @entity1 with ARVC/D and inducible as well as non-inducible @entity1165 ; if it is ineffective in inducible @entity1165 response to other antiarrhythmic drugs is unlikely and therefore non-pharmacological therapy without further drug testing should be considered. Orthotopic heart transplantation is considered in @entity1 with progressive @entity712 and intractable recurrent @entity943 .

title: Arrhythmogenic right @entity296 / XXXX : a review and update.

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular cardiomyopathy', 'cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['heart failure']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['autosomal dominant disease']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['right ventricular failure']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular arrhythmias', 'arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmic death']

entities_list: @entity1141 :: ('MESH:C535662', 'Disease') :: ['dysplasia']

answer: @entity1141 :: (MESH:C535662,Disease) :: ['dysplasia']


abstract: @entity1356 is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and its genetic polymorphism is linked to the severity of @entity354 . Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) metabolized by P450 2C19 ( @entity4433 ) is the chief medication in @entity354 treatment. The @entity4433 genotype may influence the therapeutic effect of PPI for @entity354 . From November 2009 to June 2012, 184 @entity1 were enrolled in this study with endoscopy examination, 8 weeks of esomeprazole treatment, and 20 weeks of follow-up with questionnaire. These @entity1 also received endoscopy examination after 20 weeks. Blood was collected for genetic polymorphism analysis with polymerase chain reaction. After 8 weeks of treatment with esomeprazole, all of these 184 @entity1 had achieved complete symptom relief. However, in the following 12 weeks, 58.70% (108/184) complained of symptom relapse, 45.65% (84/184) @entity1 had persistent esophageal erosion verified by endoscopy, and in total, 76.09% (140/184) @entity1 had treatment failure at the end of 20 weeks. There were no influences between the genetic polymorphisms of @entity4433 and @entity1356 to treatment failure (p = 0.896). Therefore, prolonging PPI treatment and further lifestyle modification might be warranted for symptomatic mild @entity2910 . There were no relationships between @entity1356 and @entity4433 in the treatment effect in mild @entity354 .

title: Genetic polymorphisms of @entity4433 and XXXX have no influence on esomeprazole treatment for mild @entity2910 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2910 :: ('MESH:D004941', 'Disease') :: ['esophagitis']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['reflux esophagitis']

answer: @entity1356 :: (3553,Gene) :: ['IL1B']


abstract: Pieces of theca interna or follicle wall (theca interna + attached granulosa cells), obtained from @entity291 preovulatory follicles prior to the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and cultured for 3 days, secreted @entity2671 . Luteinizing hormone, but not follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), increased production of @entity2671 3 to 4-fold. In both the presence and absence of LH, follicle wall preparations secreted about 4-fold more @entity2671 than did equivalent amounts of theca interna tissue. Isolated granulosa cells produced only negligible quantities of @entity2671 , which suggests that they may contribute to the greater production of @entity2671 by follicle wall by supplying progestin precursor to the theca cells. The addition of @entity3333 or @entity1420 to isolated theca interna increased the secretion of @entity2671 , but @entity3333 was by far the more effective precursor. This suggested that the delta 5 (delta 5) pathway is the preferred pathway for @entity2671 synthesis by @entity291 theca cells and that granulosa cells might supply progestin precursor in the form of @entity3333 . Follicle wall and granulosa cell cultures secreted 2 and 7 times more @entity3333 , respectively, than did theca cultures. Luteinizing hormone, but not FSH, increased production of @entity3333 by the follicle wall, whereas the gonadotropins had no effect on secretion by either granulosa or theca cells. Since exogenous @entity251 enhanced the production of @entity3333 by granulosa cells, thecal @entity342 (which is stimulated by LH) may increase the ability of granulosa cells to make @entity3333 and explain the stimulatory effect of LH on @entity3333 secretion by follicle wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity291 theca and granulosa cells interact to promote XXXX production.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity3333 :: ('MESH:D011284', 'Chemical') :: ['pregnenolone']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity342 :: (CHEBI:50113,Chemical) :: ['androgen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9695 (NS)-loaded nanoparticles (NPNS) were prepared from @entity10124 ( @entity7050 ) and eventually coated with chitosan (NPNSCS). Nanoparticles (NP) were spherical with sizes 379  59nm for NPNS and 393  66nm for NPNSCS and zeta potentials of -15  3mV for NPNS to 10  4mV for NPNSCS, suggesting an efficient coating. Drug encapsulation rate was high (88  5% and 83  7% of added drug) for NPNS and NPNSCS, respectively. After NP washing and re-suspension, 98  2% and 99  1% of the drug initially entrapped remained associated to NP. NS was dispersed in amorphous state within the polymeric matrix. Two-fold dilution of NP with pH 7.4 PBS provoked no drug release. However, 30-40% NS was released after a 1/10 dilution. NPNSCS and NPNS diluted 1/100 reduced the encapsulated drug to around 30% and 70%, respectively. In contrast, 100% NS was released from NP under sink conditions in less than 2h. The permeability of free-NS (1-1.5*10(-5)cm/s) was compared with NPNS (NPNS=6.4-8.1*10(-6)cm/s and NPNSCS=5.5-7.0*10(-6)cm/s) using the PAMPA assay. The @entity137 of free-NS and NS in NP on model @entity263 cells PC-3 and DU-145 showed the highest cytotoxic effect with NPNSCS on PC-3 cells (IC50=89 M).

title: @entity9695 -loaded nanoparticles for the potential coadjuvant treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity10124 :: ('CHEBI:53493', 'Chemical') :: ['polylactide-co-glycolide']

entities_list: @entity9695 :: ('MESH:C012655', 'Chemical') :: ['Nimesulide']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extranodal natural killer/ @entity784 (ENKTL), nasal-type, is a distinct entity of lymphoid tissue. ENKTL is sensitive to radiotherapy (RT), but the prognosis is poorer than for other types of @entity706 . The treatment schedule is controversial. METHODS: A phase 2 study was conducted of "sandwich" protocols, with earlier RT after an initial 2 to 3 cycles of LVP ( @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 ), followed by further "consolidation" cycles. @entity1 aged 18 years and older who had previously untreated ENKTL and localized lesions in the upper aerodigestive tract were enrolled. The primary endpoints were objective response rate and complete remission rate. The secondary endpoints were 2-year overall survival, 2-year progression-free survival, and @entity137 . This study is registered with www.Chictr.org, number ChicTR-TNC-00000394, and is ongoing for long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity1 completed total therapy, which resulted in 88.5% response that included 21 @entity1 (80.8%) with complete response (CR) and 2 @entity1 (7.7%) with partial response. Three (11.5%) of 26 @entity1 progressed during therapy. With a median follow-up of 27 months (range, 4-35 months), the 2-year overall survival was 88.5%, and the 2-year progression-free survival was 80.6%. @entity1 with CR had better prognosis than @entity1 without CR. Only 2 @entity1 (7.7%) experienced grade 3 @entity1431 . No grade 4 @entity137 or treatment-related deaths were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The research showed that the "sandwich" protocol of LVP combined with RT was a safe and effective treatment for localized nasal natural killer/ @entity784 , and the results warrant further investigation into this protocol.

title: Phase 2 trial of "sandwich" @entity4445 , @entity1891 , and @entity229 chemotherapy with radiotherapy in newly diagnosed, stage IE to IIE, nasal type, extranodal natural killer/ XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['early lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity784 :: ('MESH:D016399', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukocytopenia']

answer: @entity784 :: (MESH:D016399,Disease) :: ['T-cell lymphoma']


abstract: We investigated whether glomerular hemodynamic parameters in nondiabetic subjects, including healthy subjects, are associated with glycemic status indices, by simultaneous measurement of inulin ( @entity8046 ) and para-aminohippuric acid (CPHA) clearance. Twenty-six subjects (age 49.5      13.3  years; 13 @entity1 and 13 @entity1 ; 14 healthy subjects and 12 subjects with mild @entity644 ) were enrolled. @entity8046 and @entity8045 were measured simultaneously. All 26 subjects were nondiabetics. Estimated preglomerular resistance, estimated postglomerular resistance, and estimated glomerular hydrostatic pressure (Pglo) were calculated according to Gomez' formula. Pglo correlated significantly and positively with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in both healthy subjects (r  =  0.532, P  =  0.0498) and subjects with mild @entity644 (r  =  0.681, P  =  0.015). While there was no significant correlation between estimated preglomerular resistance and HbA1c, estimated postglomerular resistance correlated significantly and positively with HbA1c both in healthy subjects (r  =  0.643, P  =  0.013) and subjects with mild @entity644 (r  =  0.589, P  =  0.044). Glomerular filtration fraction, estimated Pglo and estimated postglomerular resistance in total subjects were associated significantly with HbA1c after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index. These results demonstrate that, even in nondiabetic subjects, glycemic status is associated with estimated postglomerular resistance, but not estimated preglomerular resistance. It is suggested that increased estimated postglomerular resistance associated with higher HbA1c levels, even within the normal range, causes increased estimated Pglo, leading to increased FF. Thus, hemodynamic abnormalities associated with higher HbA1c levels may be related to glomerular @entity101 , even in nondiabetic subjects.

title: Significant association between glycemic status and increased estimated postglomerular resistance in nondiabetic subjects - study of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid clearance in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['humans']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Selective @entity2902 ( @entity2902 ) blockade is one option to decrease acute rejection rates in kidney transplant recipients. However, there are little data on the impact of basiliximab in a triple immunosuppressive regimen ( @entity1140 , @entity618 , and low-dose @entity230 ). Thus, this analysis aims at investigating the impact of basiliximab induction on rejection rates and immediate graft function following kidney transplantation. METHODS: Basiliximab was introduced in our center according to our center's policy in the beginning of 2011. @entity1 who received basiliximab (n  = 83) were compared with @entity1 without induction therapy (n  = 65) transplanted before the introduction of @entity2902 antibody induction. RESULTS: The use of basiliximab as induction therapy decreased the incidence of biopsy-proven acute rejection (BPAR) within the 1st year after transplantation (21.5% vs 14.5%; P  = .283). Overall rejection episodes (including BPAR and borderline rejection) were significantly reduced in @entity1 with basiliximab compared with @entity1 without (41.5% vs 24.1%; P  = .033). However, graft function (incidence of delayed graft function, primary nonfunction, slow graft function, and serum @entity1011 decline) and overall outcome ( @entity1 and graft survivals) were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found a favorable impact of basiliximab induction therapy on early acute rejection rate. The impact on long-term outcome must be addressed in further randomized controlled trials.

title: XXXX , Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Low-Dose @entity230 With or  Without Interleukin-2 Receptor Antibody Induction Therapy: A  Retrospective Cohort Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1140 :: ('MESH:D016559', 'Chemical') :: ['tacrolimus']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity2902 :: ('3559', 'Gene') :: ['IL2R', 'interleukin-2 receptor']

answer: @entity1140 :: (MESH:D016559,Chemical) :: ['Tacrolimus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To present an @entity155 injury of the rectus muscle after @entity2694 , usually the inferior rectus, and detail its diagnosis and operative repair. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 underwent repair of @entity1912 tears of 62 rectus muscles. During surgery, we found the @entity121 was often subtle, with narrowing or thinning of the remaining attached global layer of muscle. The detached @entity1912 of external (orbital) muscle was found embedded in surrounding orbital fat and connective tissue. Retrieval and repair were performed in each case. RESULTS: The causes of @entity2694 were as follows: @entity8924 (15 @entity1 ), @entity130 with no @entity174 (11 @entity1 ), suspected @entity130 but did not undergo computerized tomographic scan (12 @entity1 ), and status after @entity1713 repair (5 @entity1 ). Of note, 15 of the 43 @entity1 (35%) underwent repair of the @entity1912 tear alone, without any additional orbital or strabismus surgery. Diagnostically, the predominant motility defect in 45 muscles was limitation toward the field of action of the muscle, presumably as a result of a tether created by the torn @entity1912 ; these tethers simulated muscle palsy. Seventeen muscles were restricted away from their field of action, simulating entrapment. The direction taken by the @entity1912 during healing determined the resultant strabismus pattern. All @entity1 with gaze limitation toward an @entity8924 had @entity1912 tears. The worst results after @entity1912 tear repair were seen in @entity1 (1) who had undergone @entity8924 repair before presentation, (2) who had undergone previous attempts at strabismus repair, and (3) who had the longest intervals between the precipitating event and the repair. The best results were obtained in @entity1 who underwent simultaneous @entity174 and strabismus repair or early strabismus repair alone. CONCLUSIONS: Avulsion-type @entity1912 tears of the extraocular muscles are a common cause of posttraumatic strabismus. Early repair produces the best results, but improvement is possible despite long delay.

title: @entity1912 tear of rectus muscles: an underlying cause of strabismus after XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

entities_list: @entity1713 :: ('MESH:D012163', 'Disease') :: ['retinal detachment']

entities_list: @entity2694 :: ('MESH:D009916', 'Disease') :: ['orbital trauma']

entities_list: @entity155 :: ('MESH:D014084', 'Disease') :: ['avulsion']

entities_list: @entity8924 :: ('MESH:D009917', 'Disease') :: ['orbital fracture', 'orbital fractures']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle abnormality']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['blunt trauma', 'trauma']

answer: @entity2694 :: (MESH:D009916,Disease) :: ['orbital trauma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Combination therapy using existing anti-malarials together with @entity506 ( @entity5427 ) has been advocated as a method to slow the spread of drug resistance. We assessed the effect on @entity3964 transmissibility of the addition of @entity5427 to @entity503 (CQ) in an area of The Gambia where resistance to CQ is increasing. METHODS: Gambian @entity1 with acute uncomplicated @entity3964 @entity311 were treated with either CQ monotherapy (n=120) or the combination of CQ plus three doses of @entity5427 ( @entity5427 ; n=352). Post-treatment @entity458 was assessed during a 4-week follow-up period. Experimental infections of @entity313 s.s. mosquitoes were performed with blood from @entity1 who were carrying gametocytes 7 days after starting treatment (n=69). RESULTS: The addition of @entity5427 significantly reduced post-treatment prevalence and mean density of gametocytes in the first 14 days (day 7: 43.7% vs. 12.4%, 62.4/microl vs. 6.2/microl; day 14: 32.9% vs. 3.7%; 21.9/microl vs. 5.2/microl; CQ vs. @entity5427 ), although by day 28 the benefits of the combination were substantially less marked (40.5% vs. 21.8%; 23.0/microl vs. 63.1/microl; CQ vs. @entity5427 ). The duration of gametocyte carriage over the study period was significantly lower in the @entity5427 group (5.2 days vs. 1.5 days; CQ vs. @entity5427 ). The estimated infectious proportion of @entity1 at day 7 was also lower in the combination group (19.2% vs. 3.4%; CQ vs. @entity5427 ), as were the proportion of mosquitoes infected and mean oocyst density (11.5% vs. 0.9%; 0.3 vs. 0.01; CQ vs. @entity5427 ). Treatment failure was associated with threefold and twofold higher gametocyte carriage rates during follow-up in CQ and @entity5427 groups, respectively (P<0.001 in both cases), and 26-fold and 2.3-fold higher intensity of infection at day 7 among CQ- and @entity5427 -treated @entity1 , respectively (P=0.002 and 0.30, respectively). CONCLUSION: The benefits of adding @entity5427 to CQ monotherapy in lowering gametocyte prevalence and density were transient, suggesting that the addition of @entity5427 delayed, but did not prevent, the emergence of gametocytes. This is consistent with our finding that treatment failure, and thus the presence of CQ-resistant parasites, was significantly associated with a higher gametocyte carriage rate in both treatment groups. At day 7, CQ monotherapy significantly favoured transmission of resistant infections, which showed an 11-fold greater intensity of transmission compared with infections that were successfully treated. In contrast, the combination of @entity5427 did not significantly favour resistant infections at day 7. We conclude that significant transmission-reduction is achieved by the combination but is not maintained because of the recrudescence of CQ-resistant parasites.

title: Addition of @entity506 to @entity503 for treatment of XXXX @entity311 in Gambian @entity1 causes a significant but short-lived reduction in infectiousness for mosquitoes.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual-stage parasitaemia']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['P. falciparum', 'Plasmodium falciparum']

entities_list: @entity506 :: ('MESH:C039726', 'Chemical') :: ['artesunate']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

entities_list: @entity313 :: ('7165', 'Species') :: ['Anopheles gambiae']

answer: @entity3964 :: (5833,Species) :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intra-abdominal polymicrobial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality. An experimental @entity19 model of @entity5132 - @entity794 @entity1320 results in 100% mortality by 48-72 h post-inoculation while monomicrobial infections are avirulent. Mortality is associated with robust local and systemic @entity32 , without a requirement for @entity5132 morphogenesis. However, the contribution of virulence factors co-regulated during the @entity375 to hyphal transition is unknown. This also raised the question as to whether other Candida species that are unable to form hyphae are as virulent as @entity5132 during polymicrobial IAI. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of non-albicans Candida (NAC) species with various morphologies and @entity5132 transcription factor mutants (efg1/efg1, cph1/cph1) to induce synergistic mortality and accompanied @entity32 . Results showed that @entity794 co-inoculated with C. krusei, or @entity9841 were highly lethal similar to @entity5132 , while @entity794 - @entity18873 , - @entity7409 and - @entity7408 co-inoculations resulted in little to no mortality. Local and systemic IL-6 and @entity1421 were significantly elevated during symptomatic and/or lethal @entity325 , and @entity2332 strongly correlated with mortality. Co-inoculation with @entity5132 strains deficient in the transcription factor Efg1, but not Cph1, reversed the lethal outcome. These results support previous findings and demonstrate that select Candida species, without reference to any morphological requirement, induce synergistic mortality, with IL-6 and @entity1421 acting as key inflammatory factors. Mechanistically, signaling pathways controlled by Efg1 are critical for the ability of @entity5132 to induce mortality from an intra-abdominal polymicrobial infection.

title: Morphology-independent virulence of Candida species during polymicrobial @entity1320 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S. aureus']

entities_list: @entity7409 :: ('5480', 'Species') :: ['C. parapsilosis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity325 :: ('MESH:D060085', 'Disease') :: ['co-infections']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity794 :: (1280,Species) :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1270 is an acute, life threatening condition requiring early etiologic recognition and management to prevent serious morbidity/mortality. The most common cause is @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity347 ( @entity347 ) are inheritable disorders caused by defects in protein metabolism resulting in acid accumulation. @entity1 with metabolic decompensation usually present with @entity520 , with/without @entity4053 . @entity4854 is a very rare manifestation. At least 16 cases of @entity347 presenting with @entity4854 have been reported. Six of the 16 were diagnosed with isolated @entity2185 ( @entity2185 ) and three of the six passed away from late diagnosis. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe a 2-year-old Thai @entity1 who presented with @entity4854 , @entity520 and @entity1270 . She has underlying delayed development, @entity410 , @entity1952 and poor growth. An initial diagnosis of @entity6 was made and standard treatment was started. After 4 h of treatment, the @entity1 partially responded to treatment; blood sugar decreased but @entity520 and @entity1270 persisted. @entity4051 c was normal. Investigations to rule out @entity347 were performed. Markedly elevated urinary @entity15744 consistent with @entity2185 was observed. Molecular and enzyme analyses confirmed the diagnosis with @entity2185 . Specific treatment for @entity2185 including protein restriction, high caloric fluid, @entity6211 and @entity2186 was promptly started. Clinical improvement was seen 4 days after initiating specific treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Inherited @entity209 should be included in differential diagnosis in @entity4854 @entity1270 @entity1 who respond poorly to standard @entity6 treatment. Unusual findings, e.g. @entity3263 , @entity8193 , @entity3043 , abnormal basal ganglia in MRI or underlying delayed development may indicate underlying @entity347 . Determining the etiology of @entity1270 is important and can lead to good outcomes.

title: Isolated XXXX with unusual presentation mimicking @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patients', 'girl', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures']

entities_list: @entity1952 :: ('MESH:D009896', 'Disease') :: ['optic atrophy']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic ketoacidosis', 'DKA']

entities_list: @entity6211 :: ('MESH:D002331', 'Chemical') :: ['carnitine']

entities_list: @entity2185 :: ('MESH:C537358', 'Disease') :: ['MMA', 'methylmalonic academia', 'isolated MMA']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity8193 :: ('MESH:D000140', 'Disease') :: ['lactic acidosis']

entities_list: @entity520 :: ('MESH:D000138', 'Disease') :: ['acidosis']

entities_list: @entity15744 :: ('MESH:D008764', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmalonic acid']

entities_list: @entity3043 :: ('MESH:D010198', 'Disease') :: ['pancytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1270 :: ('MESH:D007662', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic ketoacidosis', 'ketosis', 'ketonemia', 'Hyperglycemic ketoacidosis', 'ketoacidosis']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic disorders']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia', 'Hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity3263 :: ('MESH:D022124', 'Disease') :: ['hyperammonemia']

entities_list: @entity347 :: ('MESH:D019965', 'Disease') :: ['OAs', 'Organic acidemias']

answer: @entity2185 :: (MESH:C537358,Disease) :: ['methylmalonic acidemia']


abstract: To evaluate at autopsy the radiographic pattern of @entity2415 alone and with @entity4 , @entity548 or @entity55 in excised air-inflated lungs the distribution of these findings in 89 lungs was determined histologically on 441 sections sampled systematically. Pathologic-radiologic correlations were studied on the basis of 58 sections from 30 lung selected to represent most clearly the features in question. In mild @entity2542 ( @entity2542 ) the number and calibre of small blood vessels was often reduced. Small translucencies could appear. In moderate @entity2542 vascular changes were always visible and unevenly distributed translucencies in most cases. Some lungs looked slightly rounded. In severe @entity2542 the number of blood vessels was greatly reduced, they were displayed between extensive tissue defects, and the lung looked always rounded. Only mild @entity2542 occurred in the material. This was difficult to distinguish radiologically but could show up as a coarse reticular background with a reduced number of blood vessels, and the lung could look rounded. Paracicatricial @entity2415 appeared as translucent areas around scars. Simultaneous alveolar processes often obscured the blood vessel changes of @entity2542 and could accentuate or hide the tissue defect translucencies. The same alveolar processes were more unevenly distributed in emphysematous than in non-emphysematous lungs.

title: Pattern recognition in radiographs of excised air-inflated human lungs. IV XXXX alone and with other common lesions.

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity4 :: ('MESH:D004487', 'Disease') :: ['alveolar oedema']

entities_list: @entity2415 :: ('MESH:D004646', 'Disease') :: ['emphysema']

entities_list: @entity2542 :: ('MESH:D011656', 'Disease') :: ['centrilobular emphysema', 'panlobular emphysema', 'CLE']

answer: @entity2415 :: (MESH:D004646,Disease) :: ['Emphysema']


abstract: Most of "so-called" posterior communicating @entity438 previously reported, originated from the internal carotid-posterior communicating junction. @entity439 arising from the posterior communicating artery itself are very rare. The @entity2896 caused by @entity438 is also very rare. We are reporting a case with the @entity439 arising directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery presenting the @entity2896 . This 73-year-old @entity1 who had no treatment with @entity101 for several years was admitted for sudden onset of severe @entity10 , @entity391 and unconsciousness on @entity3490 , 1984. She opened her eyes when addressed and had disorientation, @entity322 , @entity1269 and @entity2896 . A 4-vessel angiography revealed the @entity439 originating directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery. The @entity1 underwent left-frontotemporal craniotomy on the 27th day after @entity510 under Hunt _ Kosnic Grade 3. The @entity439 originated directly from the distal half of the posterior communicating artery and directed inferior-posterior-laterally below the oculomotor nerve. The neck was successfully clipped. Immediate post-operative course was uneventful until the 7th day after surgery. On the 8th day she had hypertensive @entity548 and expired. The autopsy could not be obtained. The saccular "true" posterior communicating @entity438 with isolated unilateral @entity2896 as seen in our case has not been reported. Considering the operative findings, we thought the aneurysmal dome contacted directly with the abducens nerve.

title: ["True" posterior communicating XXXX presenting the @entity2896 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intraventricular hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['subarachnoid hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['right-hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomitting']

entities_list: @entity2896 :: ('MESH:D020434', 'Disease') :: ['left-abducens nerve palsy', 'abducens nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['saccular aneurysm', 'aneurysm', 'Aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['artery aneurysms', 'artery aneurysm', 'cerebral aneurysm']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysm']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 ( @entity410 ) are significant predictors of mortality and disability. However, the relationship between the two is unclear. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis assessed the relationship between @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 in healthy and depressed adults (aged 18  years and over). SEARCH METHODS: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases were browsed for relevant English-language studies published from January 2000 to August 2014. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies reporting a correlation between a @entity308 scale and maximum @entity26 consumption (VO2peak), as well as studies from the data of which such a correlation could be calculated, were included in this analysis. DATA ANALYSIS: Correlation coefficients (CCs) were converted to Fisher's z  values, and the analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Then, summary effects and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) were converted back to CCs. RESULTS: Sixteen studies (totalling 4039 @entity1 ) were included in this analysis. A modest correlation between @entity308 symptom severity and @entity410 was found (CC -0.16, 95  %  CI -0.21 to -0.10), appearing stronger in male @entity1 (CC  -  0.22, 95  %  CI -0.26 to -0.18) than in female @entity1 (CC -0.12, 95  %  CI -0.19 to -0.05; p  =  0.01). There was no difference in the summary effect between healthy and depressed adults (p  =  0.43). Heterogeneity was moderate (I (2)  =  33  %; p  =  0.09). CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 symptom severity is inversely correlated with @entity410 , and this correlation is stronger in @entity1 than in @entity1 . Clinical and prognostic implications of the correlation are discussed. These findings should stimulate further research on the effects of treating one variable on the other.

title: @entity308 Symptom Severity and XXXX in Healthy and Depressed Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'men']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory fitness', 'CRF']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity410 :: (MESH:D012640,Disease) :: ['Cardiorespiratory Fitness']


abstract: @entity15 represents a significant cause of @entity717 among young and middle age adults. As a group, M.S. @entity1 are frequently well educated, highly trained and possess intact families but have had to leave their former occupations. While many unemployed M.S. @entity1 are willing and able to work, they are not now receiving the vocational rehabilitation services they need to reenter the work force. Physicians frequently see M.S. @entity1 , but they do not often refer those @entity1 for vocational rehabilitation services. Unemployment associated with @entity15 is a significant social complication of the disease. While the physician cannot cure or halt the progress of the disease, he or she can assist the M.S. @entity1 in obtaining the specialized help necessary to re-enter the job market.

title: Vocational disability and rehabilitation in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['vocational disability']

entities_list: @entity15 :: ('MESH:D009103', 'Disease') :: ['Multiple sclerosis', 'multiple sclerosis']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['multiple sclerosis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In @entity1 with acute @entity583 , elevation of plasma @entity413 levels is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity4854 and in-hospital mortality in @entity1 with acute @entity583 with @entity1347 ( @entity1347 ). METHODS: We analyzed 834 consecutive @entity1 admitted for @entity1347 to the Coronary Care Unit of our center. Association between admission @entity413 and mortality was assessed with Cox regression analysis. Discriminative accuracy of the multivariate model was assessed by Harrell's C statistic. RESULTS: Eighty-nine (10.7%) @entity1 died during hospitalization. Optimal threshold glycemia level of 140mg/dl on admission to predict mortality was obtained by ROC curves. Those who presented @entity413 >= 140mg/dl showed higher rates of malignant @entity1165 (28% vs. 18%, P=.001), @entity5036 (5% vs. 2%, P=.005), new @entity713 (9% vs. 5%, P=.05) and in-hospital mortality (15% vs. 5%, P<.001). Multivariate analysis showed that those with glycemia >= 140mg/dl exhibited a 2-fold increase of in-hospital mortality risk (95% CI: 1.2-3.5, P=.008) irrespective of @entity6 status (P-value for interaction=0.487 and 0.653, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Stress @entity4854 on admission is a predictor of mortality and @entity943 in @entity1 with @entity1347 and could be used in the stratification of risk in these @entity1 .

title: Prognostic implications of XXXX in @entity583 . Prospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1165 :: ('MESH:D017180', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular tachyarrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity713 :: ('MESH:D054537', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular block']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['ST-segment elevation', 'STEMI']

entities_list: @entity5036 :: ('OMIM:113900', 'Disease') :: ['complicative bundle branch block']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['stress hyperglycemia', 'hyperglycemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity4854 :: (MESH:D006943,Disease) :: ['stress hyperglycemia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological evidence suggests an association between @entity2210 ( @entity2210 ). Yet few randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of psychological interventions have been conducted for @entity2210 . We conducted an RCT to evaluate the efficacy of psychotherapy among chronic @entity2210 . METHODS: One hundred fifty-eight consecutive @entity1 with @entity2210 were randomized to medical therapy plus psychotherapy consisted in 8 group and 2 individual sessions focused on teaching techniques for coping with @entity2210 ( @entity34 ( @entity34 ); n=76) or medical therapy alone ( @entity34 ( @entity34 ); n=82). @entity1 completed validated self-reported questionnaires before and after the 10-week treatment and 6months later. Linear mixed-effects models were used, in intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: At the end of treatment period, statistically significant improvements were observed for @entity34 compared with @entity34 for @entity2210 -related quality of life (DRQoL). DRQoL mean changes of 6.09 and 3.54 were obtained in @entity34 and @entity34 @entity1 , respectively (p=<0.0001); and SS mean changes of 11.55 and 4.57 were obtained in @entity34 and @entity34 @entity1 , respectively (p=0.0013). Those improvements, measured by @entity922 ( @entity922 ), were clinically significant (DRQoL: 77% of the @entity34 @entity1 exceeded the @entity922 vs the 45% of the @entity34 ; SS: 75% vs 48%). Six months after treatment, those statistically significant improvements persisted for DRQoL (p=0.0067) and for SS (p=0.0405). Clinical improvements persisted for SS (63% vs 41%). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that adding psychotherapy to standard medical therapy improves short-term outcomes in @entity1 with @entity2210 and may have long-term effects as well. The cost-effectiveness of intensive therapy needs to be evaluated. Registration number and name of trial registry: NCT01802710.

title: A randomized controlled trial of a 10week group psychotherapeutic treatment added to standard medical treatment in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity922 :: ('MESH:D013568', 'Disease') :: ['minimum clinically important difference', 'MCID']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['psychological factors and functional dyspepsia', 'FD', 'dyspepsia']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['intensive treatment', 'IT', 'conventional treatment', 'CT']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['functional dyspepsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity137 of combination therapy, compared with single second-line drug therapy, in @entity309 . METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of published trials that evaluated combinations of full-dose second-line drugs and compared them with single second-line drugs at full dose. Using a random effects model, we summarized the difference between improvement with combination therapy and improvement with single-drug therapy. RESULTS: Five trials that met inclusion criteria, which contained 749 entering @entity1 and 516 completing @entity1 , were identified. The mean +/- SEM difference in improvement in tender joint count between combination and single-drug therapy at end of trial (24-52 weeks) was 2.4 +/- 0.7 joints (out of 60) (P < 0.001). At end of trial the difference between therapies in swollen joint counts was 1.0 +/- 1.2 joints (P = 0.42). The difference in grip strength improvement was 3.7 +/- 4.3 mm Hg (P = 0.40), and for erythrocyte sedimentation rate it was 3.4 +/- 3.1 mm/hour (P = 0.27). In general, the differences in efficacy between combination and single-drug therapy were clinically marginal. Nine percent more combination therapy-treated @entity1 experienced side effect-related discontinuation of therapy than @entity1 receiving single-drug therapy (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy, as it has been used in recent clinical trials, does not offer a substantial improvement in efficacy, but does have higher @entity137 than single drug therapy. These combination therapy regimens are not recommended for widespread use. Other more aggressive regimens with additional drugs or higher drug doses than have been studied might be more efficacious, but with an even higher rate of @entity137 .

title: The efficacy and @entity137 of combination therapy in XXXX . A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of ear-electroacupuncture (Ear-EA) on @entity1834 in @entity1 with @entity46 and to explore its underlying mechanism. METHODS: A total of 80 @entity46 @entity1 were randomly and equally divided into ear-EA group and body-EA group. EA (50 Hz, 0.5-0.8 mA) was applied to auricular points (Uterus, Subcortex, Shenmen, Endocrine, etc.) and body acupoints [Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao ( @entity8949 ), Diji ( @entity14194 ), Uterus (EX-CA 1), etc.] respectively for 30 min, once every other day for 3 months. @entity1834 severity score (DSS) was assessed and plasma @entity3009 ( @entity1421 ) and @entity9077 levels detected by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: Compared with pre-treatment, DSS lowered significantly during the 1st and 2nd menstrual cycle in body-EA group, and during the 1st, 2nd and 3rd menstruation in ear-EA group; and the DSS of ear-EA group during the 3rd menstruation was evidently lower than that of body-EA group (P < 0.05). During the 3rd menstrual onset after the treatment, plasma @entity1421 contents in both groups decreased obviously (P < 0.01), and plasma @entity9077 , levels increased considerably in comparison with pre-treatment (P < 0.01). Comparison between two groups during the 3rd menstruation showed that plasma @entity1421 level of ear-EA group was markedly lower than that of body-EA group, and @entity9077 , level of ear-EA group was significantly higher than that of body-EA group (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between two groups in clinical therapeutic effect (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both ear-EA and body-EA can effectively relieve @entity46 -induced @entity1834 , and the former is superior to the later in reducing @entity158 severity, which may be closely related to their effects in reducing plasma @entity1421 and raising @entity9077 level.

title: [Randomized controlled study on ear-electroacupuncture treatment of @entity46 -induced @entity1834 in XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1834 :: ('MESH:D004412', 'Disease') :: ['Dysmenorrhea', 'dysmenorrhea']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

entities_list: @entity9077 :: ('MESH:D015121', 'Chemical') :: ['6-Keto-PGF1alpha']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the value of intracranial venous circulation evaluation in guiding the surgery for @entity1653 . METHODS: A total of 44 @entity1653 ( @entity1653 ) @entity1 received 3D CE-MRV scanning. The obtained images were reconstructed by virtual reality (VR) technology. Venous collateral circulation was evaluated. Postoperative follow-up was carried out. RESULTS: Among 44 @entity1653 @entity1 , 41 cases were with resection of Simpson grade I/II (93.18%) and 6 cases were with permanent @entity51 (13.64%). @entity50 occurred in the remaining 3 @entity1 (6.82%), with 2 cases cured and 1 case died. The mortality rate was 2.27%. Recurrence occurred in one case (2.27%) after discharge. In 9 cases, @entity5 adjacent @entity11727 was transected and the poor prognosis rate was 33.33%. @entity11727 was opened in 3 cases and after removal of the @entity5 the broken end was sutured directly. The poor prognosis occurred in one case (33.33%). Electrocoagulation was carried out to the @entity11727 wall in 32 cases without opening venous sinus and 2 cases were with poor prognosis (6.25%). The three different venous sinus treatment methods had no significantly difference on the prognosis of @entity1 (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative evaluation of intracranial venous circulation with VR technology and 3D CE-MRV may help making individual surgical plans, reduce @entity1317 and improve the prognosis of @entity1653 @entity1 .

title: Guidance value of intracranial venous circulation evaluation to XXXX operation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['PSM', 'parasagittal meningioma']

entities_list: @entity1317 :: ('MESH:D057772', 'Disease') :: ['venous injury']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Venous sinus thrombosis']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['parasagittal meningioma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) are present in @entity1 with advanced @entity712 ( @entity712 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity712 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity310 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity1 with @entity712 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity310 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity712 @entity1 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity310 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity310 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity310 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity1 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity310 production in both @entity1 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity712 @entity1 . When assessing the immune status of @entity712 @entity1 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['chronic heart failure', 'CHF']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity879 or serious @entity99 in @entity6 @entity1 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity1 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity99 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity879 was defined as acute @entity409 and (1) @entity99 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity648 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity99 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity879 but had @entity493 transaminase or @entity492 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity1 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity4136 users, 0.12 for @entity2449 users, and 0.10 for @entity4506 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity879 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity1 -years among @entity6 @entity1 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious @entity99 in @entity6 XXXX treated with hypoglycemic agents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity4506 :: ('MESH:C057693', 'Chemical') :: ['troglitazone']

entities_list: @entity879 :: ('MESH:D017114', 'Disease') :: ['acute liver failure', 'Acute liver failure']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver disease']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity4136 :: ('CHEBI:26831', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['Acute liver injury', 'hepatic encephalopathy', 'liver injury', 'acute liver injury']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Does @entity1635 associated with @entity7960 behave like an idiopathic or a typical @entity4094 ? Should it be treated like an idiopathic or a neuromuscular curve? Since no precise information to answer these questions could be found in the orthopaedic literature, a retrospective study was undertaken of seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity7960 who had been followed at our neuromuscular clinic. Fifty-six of these @entity1 were found to have typical @entity7960 in accordance with the criteria of Geoffroy et al., and their cases were retained for analysis. Their mean age was twenty years (range, eight to thirty-three years). The average length of clinical follow-up was nine years and the average duration of radiographic follow-up of the @entity1635 was 3.5 years. A @entity1635 of more than 10 degrees was found in all @entity1 and was associated with a hyperkyphosis in 66 per cent. Both sexes were equally affected. Fifty-seven per cent of the curves were double thoracic and lumbar; 14 per cent were thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, double thoracic and thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, thoracic; 4 per cent, lumbar; and 11 per cent, multiple small curves. Of the fifty-six @entity1 whose cases were studied, thirty-six had been followed for at least ten years. Among these thirty-six, there were twenty whose curves were more than 60 degrees and progressed (Group I) and sixteen whose curves were 40 degrees or less and did not progress (Group II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of XXXX in @entity7960 .

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity1635 :: (MESH:D012600,Disease) :: ['scoliosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity10410 , malocclusions, @entity409 and salivary levels of @entity701 and alpha-amylase in @entity748 @entity1 . DESIGN: 108 7-9-yr-old @entity1 were selected from Policlinic Santa Teresinha Doutor Antonio Haddad Dib (asthmatics, n=53) and from public schools (controls, n=55), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Sleep @entity8599 diagnosis was confirmed by parental report of grinding sounds and the presence of shiny and polish facets on incisors and/or first permanent molars. The index of orthodontic treatment need was used for occlusion evaluation. @entity409 were evaluated using the nordic orofacial test-screening (NOT-S). Salivary @entity701 and alpha-amylase were expressed as "awakening response" (AR), calculated as the difference between levels immediately after awakening and 30min after waking, and "diurnal decline" ( @entity3519 ), calculated as the difference between levels at 30min after waking and at bedtime. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk/Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, unpaired t test/Mann-Whitney and paired t/Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: Sleep @entity8599 was more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity565 than controls (47.2% vs. 27.3%, p<0.05). Asthmatics had higher scores of NOT-S total and interview (p<0.05). Dysfunctions on sensory function and chewing and swallowing were more frequent in asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary @entity701 AR on weekend was significantly higher for asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary @entity701 @entity3519 was significantly higher on weekday than weekend for controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha-amylase values in and between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity565 in @entity1 was associated with @entity10410 , negative perception of sensory, chewing and swallowing functions, and higher concentrations of salivary @entity701 on weekend.

title: Assessment of @entity10410 , orthodontic treatment need, XXXX and salivary biomarkers in @entity748 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Orofacial dysfunctions', 'orofacial dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity10410 :: ('MESH:D020186', 'Disease') :: ['sleep bruxism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['orofacial dysfunctions']


abstract: Between 1973 and 1980 a solution of @entity3971 in @entity653 into the cisterna magna was injected in 38 @entity1 suffering from advanced intractable @entity158 due to @entity5 of faciocephalic area. Owing to the poor neurological and general condition of our @entity1 , surgical procedures were discarded. @entity1 's age ranged from 36 to 76 years and @entity158 diffusion involved many @entity129 . Follow-up studies after @entity3971 injections were carried out in 22 @entity1 : mean survival time proved to be 137 days. In 76% of cases, before neurolytic treatment, narcotics had been administered. In this series @entity158 relief seemed to be poor in 50%, good in 34% while it was unclassifiable in the remaining 16% of the cases due to an incomplete follow-up. These last @entity1 were likely to show favorable results. Complications arising immediately after @entity3971 injections are described. Long lasting disabling @entity51 were recorded in 18% of cases. Less severe complications were shown in 71% of the @entity1 . The most frequent ones were @entity73 of the trigeminal area and reversible paresis of the 7th cranial nerve. Despite the poor general conditions, no fatal outcome was seen in our @entity1 . No significant relationship between @entity158 was found. The pathophysiological mechanisms of @entity158 suppression, induced by @entity3971 injection in the faciocephalic area are discussed. The value of this simple technique is briefly assessed in comparison to other analgesic procedures.

title: XXXX injection into cisterna magna for relief of advanced intractable @entity5 in the faciocephalic area.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial and cervical nerves']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of sensory functions']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerin']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain relief and sensory deficit', 'pain']

answer: @entity3971 :: (MESH:D019800,Chemical) :: ['Phenol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs), such as the HEART Pathway, are gaining popularity in emergency departments (EDs) as tools used to risk stratify @entity1 with acute @entity662 . However, provider nonadherence may threaten the safety and effectiveness of ADPs. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and impact of @entity857 nonadherence. METHODS: A secondary analysis of @entity1 enrolled in the HEART Pathway RCT was conducted. This trial enrolled 282 adult @entity2613 @entity1 with symptoms concerning for @entity1187 without ST-elevation on electrocardiogram. @entity1 randomized to the HEART Pathway (N  =  141) were included in this analysis. Outcomes included index visit disposition, nonadherence, and major adverse @entity299 (MACEs) at 30 days. MACE was defined as death, @entity583 , or revascularization. Nonadherence was defined as: 1) undertesting-discharging a high-risk @entity1 from the @entity2613 without objective testing (stress testing or coronary angiography) or 2) overtesting-admitting or obtaining objective testing on a low-risk @entity1 . RESULTS: Nonadherence to the HEART Pathway occurred in 28 of 141 @entity1 (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  14% to 27%). Overtesting occurred in 19 of 141 @entity1 (13.5%, 95% CI  =  8% to 19%) and undertesting in nine of 141 @entity1 (6%, 95% CI  =  3% to 12%). None of these 28 @entity1 suffered MACE. The net effect of nonadherence was 10 additional admissions among @entity1 identified as low-risk and appropriate for early discharge (absolute decrease in discharge rate of 7%, 95% CI  =  3% to 13%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-time use of the HEART Pathway resulted in a nonadherence rate of 20%, mostly due to overtesting. None of these @entity1 had MACE within 30 days. Nonadherence decreased the discharge rate, attenuating the HEART Pathway's impact on health care use.

title: Adherence to an Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol for XXXX : Secondary Analysis of the HEART Pathway Randomized Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac events']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['Chest Pain']


abstract: Currently little is known about how a mechanically coupled BMI system's actions are integrated into ongoing body dynamics. We tested a locomotor task augmented with a BMI system driving a robot mechanically interacting with a @entity35 under three conditions: control locomotion ( @entity2109 ), "simple elastic load" (E) and "BMI with elastic load" (BMI/E). The effect of the BMI was to allow compensation of the elastic load as a function of the neural drive. Neurons recorded here were close to one another in cortex, all within a 200 micron diameter horizontal distance of one another. The interactions of these close assemblies of neurons may differ from those among neurons at longer distances in BMI tasks and thus are important to explore. A point process @entity3628 ( @entity3628 ), was used to examine connectivity at two different binning timescales (1 ms vs. 10 ms). We used @entity3628 models to fit non-Poisson neural dynamics solely using other neurons' prior neural activity as covariates. Models at different timescales were compared based on Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) goodness-of-fit and parsimony. About 15% of cells with non-Poisson firing were well fitted with the neuron-to-neuron models alone. More such cells were fitted at the 1 ms binning than 10 ms. Positive connection parameters ("excitation" ~70%) exceeded negative parameters ("inhibition" ~30%). Significant connectivity changes in the @entity3628 determined networks of well-fitted neurons occurred between the conditions. However, a common core of connections comprising at least ~15% of connections persisted between any two of the three conditions. Significantly almost twice as many connections were in common between the two load conditions (~27%), compared to between either @entity9420 and the baseline. This local point process @entity3628 identified neural correlation structure and the changes seen across task conditions in the @entity35 in this neural subset may be intrinsic to cortex or due to feedback and input reorganization in adaptation.

title: Adaptation to elastic loads and BMI robot controls during XXXX locomotion examined with point-process GLMs.

entities_list: @entity9420 :: ('MESH:C536761', 'Disease') :: ['load condition']

entities_list: @entity3628 :: ('MESH:D004195', 'Disease') :: ['GLM', 'generalized linear model']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 for @entity1 with advanced @entity157 refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. METHODS: We retrospectively examined the data of 84 consecutive @entity1 with transcatheter arterial @entity157 who underwent transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 . @entity900 was administered at the dose of 65 mg/m(2) into the feeding @entity157 . The treatment was repeated every 4-6 weeks, until the appearance of evidence of @entity5 progression or of unacceptable @entity137 . RESULTS: Of the 84 @entity1 , one @entity1 (1.2%) showed complete response and two @entity1 (2.4%) showed partial response, representing an overall response rate of 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 0.7-10.1). Of the remaining, 38 @entity1 (45.2%) showed stable disease and 41 (48.8%) showed @entity74 . The median overall survival, 1-year survival rate and median progression-free survival in the entire subject population were 7.1 months, 27% and 1.7 months, respectively. Major Grade 3 or 4 adverse events included @entity882 in 12 @entity1 (14%) and elevation of the serum @entity492 aminotransferase in 33 @entity1 (39%). The gastrointestinal @entity137 were mild and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy using a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 appears to have only modest activity, although the @entity137 was also only mild, in @entity1 with transcatheter arterial @entity157 .

title: Transcatheter arterial infusion chemotherapy with a fine-powder formulation of @entity900 for advanced XXXX refractory to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin', 'Cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['progressive disease']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma', 'artery of the hepatocellular carcinoma', 'chemoembolization-refractory hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: The @entity23819 intermedius Group includes @entity2868 , @entity23819 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2868 (n=15), @entity23819 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 was higher for @entity2868 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity23819 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2868 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity23819 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2868 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity23819 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity23819 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2868 . MALDI- @entity215 @entity15 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2868 Group.

title: Identification of @entity23819 intermedius Group by MALDI- @entity215 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2868 :: ('817', 'Species') :: ['S. intermedius']

entities_list: @entity23819 :: ('283734', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus', 'S. pseudintermedius']

answer: @entity15 :: (MESH:D009103,Disease) :: ['MS']