abstract: 1. Recent molecular genetic studies have implicated the @entity754 gene locus ( @entity754 , at chromosome 19p13.2) in @entity28 in essential @entity101 @entity1 and in the atherogenic lipoprotein phenotype. The present study examined genotypes for the @entity28 -associated ApaLI restriction fragment length polymorphism of @entity754 , and genotypes for a @entity101 -associated RsaI restriction fragment length polymorphism at the @entity8277 gene ( @entity8277 ) locus, which is linked to @entity754 , in relation to plasma lipids, body mass index and blood pressure in 27 @entity28 and 57 @entity28 Caucasians with severe essential @entity101 , selected on the basis of having parents who were both @entity101 , and in 25 @entity28 and 45 @entity28 normotensive subjects selected on the basis of having parents who were both normotensive after the age of 50 years. 2. Plasma @entity1674 and low-density-lipoprotein- @entity165 were elevated in @entity101 @entity1 , but did not differ between the @entity28 and @entity28 @entity101 groups. Significant positive correlations were seen between body mass index and @entity1674 and low-density-lipoprotein- @entity165 in the @entity28 and @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 , respectively. In addition, @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure than @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 . 3. The eight @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 who were homozygous for the @entity28 -associated 6.6 kb allele of the ApaLI restriction fragment length polymorphism of @entity754 ('6.6. kb homozygotes') had a significantly higher body mass index [34 +/- 6.0 (SD) kg/m2] than the 18 heterozygotes (29 +/- 2.7 kg/m2) and the single subject who was homozygous for the 9.4 kb allele (29 kg/m2) (P = 0.012 by one-way analysis of variance). The body mass index of the eight @entity101 6.6 kb homozygotes was also greater than the body mass index of 29 +/- 2.4 kg/m2 observed for the eight @entity28 normotensive 6.6 kb homozygotes. In addition, the eight @entity28 @entity101 6.6 kb homozygotes had a higher plasma @entity1674 [4.2 +/- 0.77 (SEM) mmol/l] than the 18 @entity28 @entity101 heterozygotes (2.4 +/- 0.33 mmol/l; P = 0.045). Non- @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 showed no significant genotypic differences in relation to the @entity754 restriction fragment length polymorphism. 4. In the normotensive group, however, the frequency of the 6.6 kb allele of the @entity754 ApaLI restriction fragment length polymorphism in @entity28 subjects (0.54) was not significantly greater than in @entity28 subjects (0.48) [cf. the significantly (P = 0.004( different values of 0.63 and 0.39, respectively, in @entity28 and @entity28 @entity101 @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Significant relationships of plasma lipids and body mass index with polymorphisms at the linked XXXX gene and @entity8277 gene loci (19p13.2) in essential @entity101 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity754 :: ('3949', 'Gene') :: ['low-density-lipoprotein receptor', 'LDLR']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triacylglycerol']

entities_list: @entity8277 :: ('3643', 'Gene') :: ['INSR', 'insulin receptor']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity754 :: (3949,Gene) :: ['low-density-lipoprotein receptor']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multiple techniques for flexible intramedullary nailing (FIMN) of pediatric @entity174 have been described. To our knowledge, no study has compared combined medial-lateral (ML) entry versus @entity5251 ( @entity5251 ) entry retrograde nailing. This study compares surgical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and complication rates between these 2 techniques. METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of @entity1 treated by retrograde, dual FIMN of @entity174 was performed from 2005 to 2012. Demographics and operative data were recorded. Radiographs were analyzed for @entity174 pattern, @entity174 location, percent canal fill by the nails, as well as shortening and angulation at the time of osseous union. Rates of symptomatic implants and their removal were noted. Data were compared between @entity1 treated with medial and lateral entry (ML group) nailing and those treated with @entity5251 entry ( @entity5251 group) nailing using the Student t test and correlation statistics. RESULTS: Of the 244 @entity1 with femoral shaft fractures treated with retrograde FIMN using Ender stainless steel nails, 156 were in the ML group and 88 were in the @entity5251 group. There were no statistical differences in sex (74% vs. 82% males), age (8.0 vs. 8.6 y), weight (29.4 vs. 31.1 kg), or @entity174 pattern between the 2 groups. The average total anesthesia time was less in the @entity5251 group (133 vs. 103 min) (P<0.0001). There was no difference between the techniques in shortening (3.9 vs. 3.0 mm), coronal angulation (2.9 vs. 2.6 degrees), or sagittal angulation (3.3 vs. 2.7 degrees) at union. In the @entity5251 group, there was a correlation between canal fill and reduced shortening at union. No differences were found in the presence or degree of varus alignment, procurvatum deformity, or recurvatum angulation between the constructs. There were 5 malunions in the @entity5251 group and 9 malunions in the ML group (5.7% vs. 5.8%, P=1). The incidence of having a healed femur @entity174 with >10 degrees of valgus was higher in the @entity5251 group (0% vs. 3.4%) (P=0.04). There were no differences between the groups in the rate of symptomatic implant @entity532 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5251 entry technique for FIMN of pediatric @entity174 is 30 minutes faster without worse final @entity174 alignment, additional complications, or increased rates of symptomatic implants. When using the @entity5251 technique, specific attention should be paid to percentage of canal fill and ensuring that the @entity174 is not reduced in a valgus position. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III-therapeutic.

title: Two Techniques for Retrograde Flexible Intramedullary Fixation of XXXX : All-Lateral Entry Versus Medial and Lateral Entry Point.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['removal or surgical complications']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture', 'femur fractures']

answer: @entity174 :: (MESH:D050723,Disease) :: ['Pediatric Femur Fractures']


abstract: The pharmacokinetic properties and hemodynamic effect of @entity17728 and its pharmacologically active metabolite @entity38568 were investigated in 13 healthy volunteers following single oral doses. Hemodynamic changes were measured by finger plethysmography (peripheral arterial resistance), impedance plethysmography (venous distensibility), heart rate, and blood pressure. Plasma concentrations of @entity17728 , @entity38568 , and SIN-1C were measured by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography. Oral administration of rapidly dissolving tablets of @entity17728 (2 tablets of 4 mg), a sustained-release form of @entity17728 (8 mg), and @entity38568 (4 mg) caused an increase of the a/b ratio of the finger plethysmogram and an increase of the venous distensibility. Heart rate and blood pressure remained unaffected. The time course of the peripheral arterial effect mimicked the time course of plasma concentrations of @entity17728 and @entity38568 . Similar to the results in animals, @entity17728 was metabolized in @entity1 to @entity38568 and subsequently degraded to the inactive metabolite SIN-1C. The kinetic profile of both metabolites could be followed in the plasma. The rate-limiting step in the metabolic sequence of @entity17728 was found to be enzymatic hydrolysis and decarboxylation of @entity17728 to @entity38568 . Concentration-response curves of the a/b ratio of the finger plethysmogram showed that the plasma concentrations required to produce a definite effect are much higher for @entity17728 than for @entity38568 . This shows that the pharmacodynamically active form of @entity17728 in @entity1 is the metabolite @entity38568 . The changes in the finger plethysmogram produced by @entity38568 suggest that in addition to the effect on the venous site, @entity38568 also dilates the peripheral arterial site.

title: Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX and its metabolites in @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity17728 :: ('MESH:D008981', 'Chemical') :: ['molsidomine']

answer: @entity17728 :: (MESH:D008981,Chemical) :: ['molsidomine']


abstract: The @entity8692 catabolic system of @entity2624 is being used to study the role of cryptic genes in microbial evolution. Wild-type @entity2624 do not utilize the beta-glucoside @entity3363 , @entity33636 , @entity28294 and @entity8692 . A Cel+ ( @entity8692 utilizing) mutant which grows on @entity8692 , @entity33636 , and @entity28294 was isolated previously from wild-type @entity2624 . Biochemical assays indicate that a cel structural gene (celT) specifies a single transport protein that is a beta-glucoside specific enzyme of the @entity7954 -dependent phosphotransferase system. The transport protein phosphorylates beta-glucosides at the expense of phosphoenolpyruvate. A single phosphoglucosidase, specified by celH, hydrolyzes phosphorylated @entity8692 , @entity33636 , and @entity28294 . The genes of the cel system are expressed constitutively in the Cel+ mutant, whereas they are not expressed at a detectable level in the wild-type strain. The transport and hydrolase genes are simultaneously silenced or simultaneously expressed and thus constitute an operon. Cel+ strains which fail to utilize one or more beta-glucosides express the transport system at a lower level than do Cel+ strains which grow on all three beta-glucosides. Other strains inducibly express a gene which specifies transport of @entity33636 but not the other @entity21085 . The @entity33636 transport gene, arbT, maps outside of the cel locus.

title: Biochemical genetics of the cryptic gene system for @entity8692 utilization in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7954 :: ('MESH:D010728', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphoenolpyruvate']

entities_list: @entity21085 :: ('CHEBI:60980', 'Chemical') :: ['beta-glucosides']

entities_list: @entity8692 :: ('MESH:D002475', 'Chemical') :: ['cellobiose']

entities_list: @entity2624 :: ('83333', 'Species') :: ['E. coli K12', 'Escherichia coli K12']

answer: @entity2624 :: (83333,Species) :: ['Escherichia coli K12']


abstract: The spontaneously @entity6 BioBreeding/Worcester (BB/W) @entity35 was used to examine the role of glycemic control in the pathogenesis of @entity2316 and @entity644 . Nondiabetic BB/ @entity35 (group 1) were compared with moderately (group 2) and severely (group 3) @entity1602 @entity6 animals of similar age. Urinary protein excretion and morphometric measurements of @entity631 ( @entity631 ) width and mesangial area were performed after 4, 8, and 12 mo of study. At 4 mo, urinary protein excretion both in group 2 (9.3 +/- 0.7 mg/24 h) and group 3 (24.8 +/- 1.98 mg/24 h) exceeded that in group 1 (5.4 +/- 0.6 mg/24 h; P less than .05). Moreover, @entity644 in group 3 was significantly greater than in group 2 (P less than .05). In addition, @entity644 increased in group 3 animals between 4 and 12 mo of study but did not advance in groups 1 or 2. @entity631 width in both @entity6 groups (168.8 +/- 2.4 and 165.7 +/- 2.2 nm, groups 2 and 3, respectively) exceeded that in group 1 (148.3 +/- 3.8 nm; P less than .01) by 4 mo. At 12 mo, severely @entity1602 group 3 animals had significantly greater @entity631 thickening than group 2. @entity631 width increased in all three groups over the course of study, but the rate of growth did not differ between groups 1 and 2. However, the rate of growth in group 3 was greater than in either group 1 or group 2. Urinary protein excretion correlated significantly with @entity631 width in @entity6 @entity35 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Glomerulopathy in spontaneously @entity6 XXXX . Impact of glycemic control.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerular basement membrane', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1602 :: ('MESH:D006944', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemic']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: Since there are no prospective studies concerning the treatment of @entity259 , there continues to be a considerable disagreement about the 'best' or most appropriate form of surgical treatment for @entity1 with @entity3557 . Some surgeons recommend selective treatment depending upon the type of @entity259 and stage of the disease. Some advocate thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy, some near total thyroidectomy, and some total thyroidectomy for @entity1 with @entity3557 . Total thyroidectomy for @entity259 would be the treatment of choice for virtually all @entity1 with @entity259 if it could be done without complications. We therefore reviewed 160 consecutive @entity1 who had total thyroidectomy for suspected or proven @entity259 to determine the complication rate of total thyroidectomy. One hundred and three @entity1 had primary operations, 57 had reoperations with completion of total thyroidectomy and 124 had @entity259 . Serious complications (i.e. vocal @entity912 or @entity261 ) included two cases of transient bilateral recurrent @entity129 , two @entity1 with presumed transient unilateral vocal @entity912 , three recurrent laryngeal nerves that were purposely sacrificed because of invasion of the nerve, and one case of @entity2319 . Two other @entity1 developed @entity6081 . Only one of the permanent complications, the case of @entity2319 , could have been avoided by a lesser procedure. The experienced surgeon can perform a total thyroidectomy with minimal morbidity, and this procedure has certain theoretical and practical advantages. It should not be done, however, if it will result in a significant complication rate and, in selected @entity1 , it may be preferable to leave a small amount of thyroid tissue to protect the blood supply to the @entity3243 or recurrent laryngeal nerve.

title: XXXX : the case for total thyroidectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3557 :: ('MESH:C536915', 'Disease') :: ['papillary or follicular thyroid cancer', 'papillary and follicular thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity6081 :: ('MESH:D013530', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative wound infections']

entities_list: @entity2319 :: ('MESH:D003638', 'Disease') :: ['permanent hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity261 :: ('MESH:D007011', 'Disease') :: ['hypoparathyroidism']

entities_list: @entity3243 :: ('MESH:D010282', 'Disease') :: ['parathyroid glands']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid cancers', 'thyroid tumor', 'thyroid cancer']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['cord paralysis']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['Thyroid cancer']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in treatment of @entity64 in @entity1 has been explored over the past decade the data remain controversial in terms of optimal stimulation parameters and the mechanisms of rTMS long-term effects. This study aimed to explore the potential of different rTMS protocols to induce changes in gene expression in @entity35 cortices after acute @entity63 -reperfusion @entity1545 . The @entity64 was induced by @entity2500 ( @entity2500 ) with subsequent reperfusion. Changes in the expression of 96 genes were examined using low-density expression arrays after @entity2500 alone and after @entity2500 combined with 1Hz, 5Hz, continuous (cTBS) and intermittent (iTBS) theta-burst rTMS. rTMS over the lesioned hemisphere was given for two weeks (with a 2-day pause) in a single daily session and a total of 2400 pulses. @entity2500 alone induced significant upregulation in the expression of 44 genes and downregulation in 10. Two weeks of iTBS induced significant increase in the expression of 52 genes. There were no downregulated genes. 1Hz and 5Hz had no significant effects on gene expression, while cTBS effects were negligible. Upregulated genes included those involved in angiogenesis, @entity32 , injury response and cellular repair, structural remodeling, neuroprotection, neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity. The results show that long-term rTMS in acute @entity63 -reperfusion @entity1545 induces complex changes in gene expression that span multiple pathways, which generally promote the recovery. They also demonstrate that induced changes primarily depend on the rTMS frequency (1Hz and 5Hz vs. iTBS) and pattern (cTBS vs. iTBS). The results further underlines the premise that one of the benefits of rTMS application in @entity64 may be to prime the brain, enhancing its potential to cope with the injury and to rewire. This could further augment its potential to favorably respond to rehabilitation, and to restore some of the loss functions.

title: The Effects of Different Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Protocols on Cortical Gene Expression in a XXXX Model of Cerebral Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury.

entities_list: @entity1545 :: ('MESH:D020214', 'Disease') :: ['brain injury']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['MCAO', 'middle cerebral artery occlusion']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rat']


abstract: The occurrence of @entity1017 , sweet and @entity1735 craving, @entity3119 in @entity75 ( @entity75 ) compared to @entity195 ( @entity195 ) was evaluated. @entity75 is a progressive @entity303 with a high rate of misdiagnosis and therefore better diagnostic criteria for @entity75 are needed. Fourteen @entity1 meeting research criteria for @entity195 were compared to 14 with suspected @entity75 . All had cerebral perfusion measured with xenon-133 and imaged with HMPAO using brain-dedicated SPECT. The @entity75 group showed frontotemporal and @entity195 posterior temporoparietal hypoperfusion. The primary caregivers were queried regarding @entity1017 , sweet/ @entity1735 preference, @entity458 . Differences were compared with Fisher's exact test. The following was found in @entity75 versus @entity195 : @entity1017 in @entity75 @entity1 amounted to 64% ( @entity195 7%), @entity1735 craving was 79% (vs. 0%) and @entity146 64% (vs. 14%). The differences for these symptoms were statistically significant, whereas for the symptoms increased sexual drive (8 vs. 8%) and reduced sexual drive (54 vs. 23%) no significant difference could be found. In @entity75 the first symptoms were often dietary changes or hyposexuality. Compulsions were more bizarre and severely disabling in @entity75 than in @entity195 . Dietary changes, hyposexuality, and disabling @entity3119 are prominent early symptoms in @entity75 but not @entity195 . The cause of these symptoms may be due to both frontal and subcortical @entity750 loss and dysfunction of the anterior temporal lobes.

title: Dietary changes, XXXX and @entity146 .

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['compulsive behavior']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['frontal lobe dementia', 'FLD']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['sexual drive, and compulsions']

entities_list: @entity1017 :: ('MESH:D015430', 'Disease') :: ['Weight gain', 'weight gain']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity195 :: ('MESH:D000544', 'Disease') :: ['AD', "Alzheimer's disease"]

entities_list: @entity3119 :: ('MESH:D009771', 'Disease') :: ['compulsions', 'hyposexuality, and compulsions']

answer: @entity3119 :: (MESH:D009771,Disease) :: ['compulsions']


abstract: The prevalence of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia--that is, blood @entity413 concentrations below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml)--was evaluated in a random sample of 58 insulin dependent @entity6 receiving twice daily insulin. Seventeen @entity1 had at least one blood @entity413 value below 3 mmol/l (55 mg/100 ml) and five a value below 2 mmol/l (36 mg/100 ml) during the night. Both bedtime (2300) and fasting morning (0700) blood @entity413 concentrations were significantly lower in the group with @entity7965 compared with the group without (p less than 0.00001). If the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration was below 6 mmol/l (108 mg/100 ml) the risk of @entity7965 was 80% (95% confidence limits 51-96%). If the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration was above 6 mmol/l the likelihood of hypoglycaemia not occurring during the night was 88% (74-96%). The mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentration in the group with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia (8.2 (range 5.0-12.4)%) was significantly lower than that in the group without (9.4(7.0-14.2)%) (p less than 0.02). The prevalence of @entity7965 in the @entity1 receiving twice daily insulin (29%) was compared with that in 15 @entity1 receiving thrice daily insulin (47%) and was not found to be significantly different. The likelihood of this risk being greater with thrice daily insulin was, however, 88%. No @entity1 with nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia woke up during the night with symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia is common during twice daily treatment with insulin, and low values of HbA1c might be associated with a higher risk of such hypoglycaemia. The blood @entity413 concentration at bedtime is a significant predictor of nocturnal biochemical hypoglycaemia, and HbA1c values might be of help in identifying @entity1 at risk.

title: XXXX in @entity1 receiving conventional treatment with insulin.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics']

answer: @entity7965 :: (MESH:D006457,Disease) :: ['Nocturnal hypoglycaemia']


abstract: Some of the biggest barriers to increase @entity14 screening are negative attitudes to screening tests. These negative attitudes might be evoked through reading @entity5 prevention information and impede the decision to get screened. Forty-two adults aged >= 50  years completed a 12-item attitude questionnaire after reading @entity14 prevention information. African-Americans perceived that others had higher @entity5 risk than themselves whereas Caucasians did not show the difference. Regardless of ethnicity and adherence to screening guidelines, no @entity1 had strong feelings of fear and embarrassment. However, non-adherent Caucasians had higher @entity148 than adherent Caucasians. The degree of negativity was not associated with intention to get screened in non-adherent @entity1 . Adequate health literacy of @entity1 may account for flat responses in negative attitudes. Further research in individuals with limited health literacy is recommended. Moreover, additional education about self-relevance of @entity5 risk is considered necessary to increase @entity5 awareness in African-Americans.

title: Attitudes to XXXX screening after reading the prevention information.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: We have previously shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) accumulate dramatically in aged animals and negatively impact the ability to control persistent @entity281 . However, the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent accrual of Treg remain unclear. In this study, we show that Treg accumulation with age is progressive and likely not the result of increased thymic output, increased peripheral proliferation, or from enhanced peripheral conversion. Instead, we found that Treg from aged @entity19 are more resistant to apoptosis than Treg from young @entity19 . Although Treg from aged @entity19 had increased expression of functional @entity15592 , we found that @entity15592 signaling was not required for maintenance of Treg in vivo. Notably, aged Treg exhibit decreased expression of the proapoptotic molecule @entity35185 compared with Treg from young @entity19 . Furthermore, in the absence of @entity35185 , Treg accumulate rapidly, accounting for >25% of the @entity1961 (+) T cell compartment by 6 mo of age. Additionally, accumulation of Treg in @entity35185 -deficient @entity19 occurred after the cells left the transitional recent thymic emigrant compartment. Mechanistically, we show that @entity2047 drives preferential proliferation and accumulation of @entity35185 (lo) Treg. Collectively, our data suggest that chronic stimulation by @entity2047 leads to preferential expansion of Treg having low expression of @entity35185 , which favors their survival and accumulation in aged hosts.

title: A major role for XXXX in regulatory T cell homeostasis.

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity35185 :: (12125(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Bim']


abstract: Herein we report age differences of in vivo constriction of the fetal ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in near-term and preterm @entity35 . Two potent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, @entity3352 and @entity8726 , were studied in preterm (19th and 20th day) and near-term (21st day) @entity35 , whose gestational period was 21.5 days. The time course of fetal ductus constriction was studied on the 20th (preterm fetus) and the 21st (near-term fetus) days of gestation with @entity3352 (1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) and @entity8726 (10 mg/kg). In addition, 5 mg/kg of @entity3352 was used on the 21st day. Maximal ductal constriction was noticed 8 h after administration. Constriction of the ductus was significantly weaker on the 20th day than on the 21st day in all three studies including @entity3352 1 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, and @entity8726 , 10 mg/kg. Dose-response curves were studied at 4 h following administration of @entity3352 on the 19th, 20th, and 21st days, and @entity8726 on the 20th and 21st days. With both drugs, the ductus constricted more vigorously on the 21st day than on the 20th or 19th day. These studies showed a weaker constrictive response of the ductus to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in the preterm fetus than in the near-term fetus. Twenty-four h after administration of @entity3352 on the 20th day, the fetal ductus was dilated, although its plasma @entity3352 concentration was high and comparable with that obtained 4 h after administration. These results show that the response of the fetal ductus to @entity3352 decreased further at 24 h after administration to preterm @entity35 .

title: In vivo constriction of the ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in near-term and preterm fetal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

entities_list: @entity8726 :: ('MESH:D005480', 'Chemical') :: ['flurbiprofen']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed hypersensitization in sensory systems after mechanical irritation of the dorsal root ganglion. OBJECTIVES: To develop a reliable and reproducible animal model of @entity1931 arising from the dorsal root ganglion and to understand the unique contributions of the dorsal root ganglion to clinical manifestations of @entity13549 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The dorsal root ganglion likely plays an important role in disorders of @entity13549 . However, no previous study has analyzed @entity13549 after irritation of the dorsal root ganglion. Thermal @entity1931 indicates a decrease in thermal nociceptive threshold and hypersensitization in sensory systems. METHODS: The left L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia in @entity35 (n = 22) were exposed circumferentially. Other @entity35 (n = 22) also had the left L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia ligated loosely with two 4-0 chromic gut sutures. Changes in thermal withdrawal latency were examined in the hindpaws across time. Substance P and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide contents were quantified in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord. Substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and @entity5019 expression also were examined in the spinal cord by immunohistochemistry. In addition, histologic changes in myelinated nerve content were examined in the dorsal root ganglion. RESULTS: Thermal @entity1931 occurred in @entity35 with exposure of the dorsal root ganglion and in @entity35 with loose ligation of the dorsal root ganglion, and was accompanied by an increase in @entity5019 expression and spontaneous @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: This experimental model reliably produced a disorder resembling an acute phase @entity13549 and should help further advance the understanding of pathomechanisms of @entity158 after irritation of the dorsal root ganglion in @entity1 .

title: Characterization of thermal @entity1931 , XXXX expression, and alterations in neuropeptides after mechanical irritation of the dorsal root ganglion.

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['spinal pain', 'pain-related behaviors']

answer: @entity5019 :: (314322(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['c-fos']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities, and complications, and identify the mortality risk factors, of @entity1 with short-term persistent pulmonary @entity101 of the newborn (PPHN). METHODS: The clinical data of @entity1 diagnosed with PPHN at Hat Yai Hospital from January 2010 to February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess factors associated with mortality. RESULTS: The records of 119 @entity1 were analyzed. Of these, 47 died giving an in-hospital mortality rate of 39.5%. The prevalence of PPHN (based on inborn births) was 2.8 per 1000 live births. The mean gestational age and birth weight were 39.1        1.6 weeks and 3044        563   g, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that pneumothorax [adjusted hazard ratio (HR)   =   2.07 (95% CI 1.09-3.93)] and @entity810 [adjusted HR   =   2.99 (95% CI 1.59-5.61)] were factors associated independently with an increased risk for @entity204 , while @entity1 who received total parenteral nutrition [adjusted HR   =   0.22 (95% CI 0.10-0.50)] had lower mortality. CONCLUSION: A high mortality rate of PPHN was observed in this study. Significantly higher mortality was noted in @entity1 complicated with pneumothorax and @entity810 .

title: XXXX and pneumothorax are risk factors for mortality in persistent pulmonary @entity101 of the newborn in Thai neonates.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity810 :: (MESH:D058186,Disease) :: ['Acute kidney injury']


abstract: @entity4297 are classified into two broad categories: acyanotic and @entity75 . The most common @entity75 are @entity1757 , @entity118 , @entity473 , @entity849 , @entity2461 , @entity472 and @entity1498 . @entity712 is the primary concern in @entity1 with @entity75 . The most common @entity75 are tetralogy of @entity3886 . In @entity1 with @entity75 , @entity519 is more of a problem than @entity712 . Suspicion of a @entity4297 should be raised by the presence of feeding difficulties in association with @entity7405 , sweating and @entity74 , or severe @entity851 . Follow-up of @entity1 with @entity299 should follow the schedule of routine care for healthy babies with some modifications, such as administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines. More frequent follow-up is required if @entity712 is present. Family psychosocial issues should also be addressed. One of the main roles for the family physician is to help the parents put the diagnosis in perspective by clarifying expectations and misconceptions, and answering specific questions.

title: Caring for XXXX with @entity299 and their families.

entities_list: @entity473 :: ('MESH:C563240', 'Disease') :: ['atrioventricular canal']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'Congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['growth impairment']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cyanotic lesions', 'acyanotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['Fallot and transposition of the great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity2461 :: ('MESH:D004374', 'Disease') :: ['patent ductus arteriosus']

entities_list: @entity7405 :: ('MESH:D059246', 'Disease') :: ['tachypnea']

entities_list: @entity849 :: ('MESH:D011666', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1498 :: ('MESH:D001017', 'Disease') :: ['coarctation of the aorta']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['subcostal recession']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity472 :: ('MESH:D001024', 'Disease') :: ['aortic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity4297 :: ('MESH:D006330', 'Disease') :: ['Congenital heart defects', 'congenital heart defect']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: During the years 1959 to 1978 inclusive 2165 @entity1 with @entity6331 had vaginal deliveries at three large Dublin maternity hospitals. There were two (0.09%) cases of puerperal @entity884 , neither of which was unequivocally related to preceding childbirth during this period. Routine peripartum antibiotic prophylaxis was not given to either. A questionnaire of the practice of 19 obstetricians in Ireland showed that 12 (63%) gave antibiotics routinely during labour and after delivery in cardiac @entity1 , five (26%) did not, and two (11%) used them occasionally. Peripheral vein blood was drawn serially from 0 to 30 minutes after vaginal delivery to determine the incidence of asymptomatic @entity20395 . A total of 299 cultures was obtained from 83 normal @entity1 and single blood cultures were positive in three @entity1 (3.6% of @entity1 , 1.0% of cultures). A review of the published reports showed that well-documented cases of @entity884 and of asymptomatic @entity20395 after normal vaginal delivery are uncommon. There is evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis may increase the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant @entity884 . Recommended prophylactic regimens carry a considerable risk of @entity137 . These facts, coupled with a lack of direct evidence in support of the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis, suggest that routine peripartum antibiotic prophylaxis is not indicated.

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis against XXXX after normal delivery--is it necessary?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6331 :: ('MESH:D012214', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatic or congenital heart disease']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity20395 :: ('MESH:D011644', 'Disease') :: ['puerperal bacteraemia']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['infective endocarditis', 'endocarditis']

answer: @entity884 :: (MESH:D004696,Disease) :: ['infective endocarditis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe different patterns of associated @entity75 in preterm and full-term @entity1 with @entity5892 ( @entity5892 ) and to assess whether these different patterns are related to gestational age at onset. DESIGN: Magnetic resonance scans of all neonates (six preterm, 24 full term) with suspected @entity5892 , collected over a 7-year period in two neonatal intensive care units, were evaluated to assess patterns of associated @entity75 . Comparisons between the two gestational age groups were made. RESULTS: @entity5892 was confirmed on magnetic resonance venography in 26 of 30 neonates (six preterm, 20>= 36 weeks' gestational age). The straight (85%) and superior sagittal (65%) sinus were most often affected. Several sinuses were involved in 81% of @entity1 . White matter damage affecting the entire periventricular white matter was seen in five of six preterm @entity1 . @entity548 ( @entity548 ) was common in both groups (4/6 preterm, 16/20 full term). @entity62 with restricted diffusion (15/20) and @entity548 associated with @entity548 (11/20) were the most frequent lesions in full-term @entity1 . Focal arterial @entity1188 was present in four of 20 full-term @entity1 . Six @entity1 died in the neonatal period (four preterm, two full term). Follow-up MRIs at 3 months in all survivors showed evolution of the lesions with frontal @entity194 in 13 of 20 (12 full term) and delayed myelination in seven of 20 (six full term). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm and full-term neonates show different patterns of associated @entity75 . Extensive white matter damage is the predominant pattern of injury in the preterm @entity1 , while an @entity548 associated with a thalamic @entity62 are more common in the full-term @entity1 .

title: The spectrum of associated @entity75 in XXXX : relation to gestational age and outcome.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity5892 :: ('MESH:D020767', 'Disease') :: ['CSVT', 'cerebral sinovenous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['IVH', 'Intraventricular haemorrhage', 'thalamic haemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain lesions']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['Frontal punctate white matter lesions', 'haemorrhage and punctate white matter lesions']

answer: @entity5892 :: (MESH:D020767,Disease) :: ['cerebral sinovenous thrombosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity24516 , which occurs in immunocompromised states such as @entity791 , has rarely been studied in @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) on immunosuppressive therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and twenty-four consecutive @entity8 recipients on immunosuppressive treatment and 170 healthy subjects were evaluated for @entity24516 and other parasites by modified trichrome staining, wet mount using normal saline, @entity1496 and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical, demographic and laboratory parameters associated with occurrence of @entity24516 were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis. The species of microsporidia were studied using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). @entity1 were treated with @entity3753 (400 mg twice daily for 2 weeks). RESULTS: Of 324 @entity8 recipients initially screened, 52 were excluded from final analysis due to incomplete data. @entity1 with @entity8 [n = 272, age 42    12.54 years, 222 (81.6%) male] more often had @entity24516 than healthy subjects by modified trichrome stain and PCR [n = 170, age 33.8    6.7 years, 123 (72.3%) male] [16/272 (5.8%) vs. 0/170 (0%), P < 0.001]. @entity1 with @entity24516 were younger (33.9    8.3 years vs. 42.3    12.6 years; P = 0.009), had @entity294 more often (13/16, 81% vs. 123/256, 48%; P = 0.02), which was longer in duration (60, 32.5-105 days vs. 12, 6.2-18 days; P < 0.001) and had associated @entity7014 (2/16, 12.5% vs. 2/256, 0.8%; P = 0.018). Younger age, presence of @entity294 and associated @entity7014 were significant on multivariate analysis. @entity16254 was detected in 15/16 (93%) @entity1 with @entity24516 . CONCLUSION: @entity24516 occurs frequently in @entity1 with @entity8 on immunosuppressive treatment, particularly among younger @entity1 with @entity294 and associated @entity7014 . @entity16254 is the major species identified among these @entity1 .

title: XXXX in renal transplant recipients: Prevalence, predictors of occurrence and genetic characterization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3753 :: ('MESH:D015766', 'Chemical') :: ['albendazole']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['RT', 'renal transplantation']

entities_list: @entity16254 :: ('31281', 'Species') :: ['E. bieneusi', 'Enterocytozoon bieneusi']

entities_list: @entity24516 :: ('MESH:D016881', 'Disease') :: ['microsporidiosis', 'intestinal microsporidiosis', 'Intestinal microsporidiosis']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['longer diarrhoea duration', 'diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity791 :: ('MESH:D000163', 'Disease') :: ['acquired immunodeficiency syndrome']

entities_list: @entity7014 :: ('MESH:D005873', 'Disease') :: ['giardiasis']

answer: @entity24516 :: (MESH:D016881,Disease) :: ['Intestinal microsporidiosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prediction of response and @entity137 of chemotherapy can help personalize the treatment and choose effective yet non-toxic treatment regimen for a @entity0 @entity1 . Interplay of variations in various drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME)-encoding genes results in variable response and @entity137 of chemotherapeutic drugs. Generalized multi-analytical (GMDR) approach was used to determine the influence of the combination of variants of genes encoding phase 0 ( @entity72019 ); phase I (CYP450, @entity5878 ); phase II ( @entity47420 , @entity9769 , @entity20986 ); and phase III ( @entity1262 ) DMEs along with confounding factors on the response and @entity137 of chemotherapeutic drugs in @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In an Indian @entity0 @entity1 cohort (n  =  234), response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (n  =  111) and grade 2-4 @entity137 to chemotherapy were recorded. @entity1 were genotyped for 19 polymorphisms selected in four phases of DMEs by PCR or PCR-RFLP or Taqman allelic discrimination assay. Binary logistic regression and GMDR analysis was performed. Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons was applied, and p value was considered to be significant at <0.025. RESULTS: For @entity1262 @entity7656 polymorphism, CT genotype was found to be significantly associated with response to @entity14042 in uni-variate and multi-variate analysis (p  =  0.018; p  =  0.013). The TT genotype of @entity5878 @entity15829 had a significant association with (absence of) grade 2-4 @entity137 in uni-variate analysis (p  =  0.021), but a non-significant correlation in multi-variate analysis. In GMDR analysis, interaction of @entity5396 *3, @entity5878 @entity15829 , and @entity1262 @entity7656 polymorphisms yielded the highest testing accuracy for response to @entity14042 (CVT  =  0.62). However, for grade 2-4 @entity137 , @entity4433 *2 and @entity1262 @entity7658 polymorphisms yielded the best interaction model (CVT  =  0.57). CONCLUSION: This pharmacogenetic study suggests a role of higher order gene-gene interaction of DME-encoding genes, along with confounding factors, in determination of treatment outcomes and @entity137 in @entity0 @entity1 . This can be used as a potential objective tool for individualizing @entity0 chemotherapy with high efficacy and low @entity137 .

title: Generalized Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (GMDR) Analysis of Drug-Metabolizing Enzyme-Encoding Gene Polymorphisms may Predict Treatment Outcomes in Indian XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a sequential screening method's efficacy in predicting @entity1151 (PTE) after gynecologic surgery. METHODS: A prospective study employing a two-stage screening process was conducted among consecutive asymptomatic adults who underwent outpatient evaluation for gynecologic surgery at Nara Medical University Hospital, Japan, between April 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013. @entity1 with a preoperative plasma D-dimer level greater than or equal to 1.0 g/mL underwent compression ultrasonography of the lower extremities. The primary outcome measure was postoperative detection of symptomatic PTE. RESULTS: Overall, 1729 @entity1 were included. The mean D-dimer level was 1.7  3.3 g/mL. Compression ultrasonography was conducted among 470 (27.1%) @entity1 with positive D-dimer test results; symptomatic @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) was preoperatively detected among 94 (20.0%) of them. @entity1 with @entity1150 (n=94) had higher D-dimer levels than @entity1 (n=1635) without (7.8  12.8 g/mL vs 1.1  1.8 g/mL; P<0.001). Despite anticoagulant therapy, symptomatic PTE was detected postoperatively among two of these 94 @entity1 . Symptomatic PTE was also detected among four of 376 @entity1 with positive D-dimer test results but no evidence of @entity1150 by ultrasonography. No clinical onset of postoperative PTE was observed among 1259 @entity1 with D-dimer levels below the cut-off value. CONCLUSION: The PROVEN screening strategy (Preoperative surveillance using a sequential strategy) was ineffective at predicting postoperative symptomatic PTE.

title: Sequential screening to predict XXXX after gynecologic surgery in Nara, Japan.

entities_list: @entity1150 :: ('MESH:D020246', 'Disease') :: ['deep vein thrombosis', 'DVT']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism']

answer: @entity1151 :: (MESH:D011655,Disease) :: ['symptomatic pulmonary thromboembolism']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1756 can lead to devastating @entity16 and present a complex problem to treat. We report a unique case of a @entity438 (PCoA) @entity439 presenting with @entity1018 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 39-year-old @entity1 presented with the acute onset of severe @entity10 and @entity227 loss. The @entity1 described @entity10 for several months prior to presentation. However, prior to the day of presentation, he had no visual disturbance. A CT angiogram (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a 1.6-cm, non-contrast enhancing suprasellar mass, eccentric to the left side, consistent with hemorrhagic mass. There was no obvious @entity439 or @entity1462 . The sella tursica was normal in appearance. The @entity1 was taken for an immediate endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum approach for @entity1781 . @entity1410 without an associated @entity5 was encountered and partially evacuated before aborting with resultant partial improvement in vision. A subsequent cerebral angiogram revealed an irregularly shaped, postero-laterally pointing, 2.5-mm left PCoA @entity439 . The @entity1 was then taken for open clipping of the @entity1756 . A large, fibrinous capsule was found over the superolateral aspect of the @entity439 . The @entity1756 was secured with clips and the surrounding @entity1410 was evacuated. CONCLUSION: In the immediate postoperative period, the @entity1 regained vision in the nasal field of his right eye. This case illustrates a unique presentation of a ruptured PCoA @entity439 , and thus must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity548 resulting in @entity227 in absence of a recognizable associated @entity5 .

title: Posterior communicating XXXX rupture mimicking apoplexy.

entities_list: @entity1018 :: ('MESH:D054062', 'Disease') :: ['sudden and complete vision loss']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual loss', 'complete bilateral vision']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['a suprasellar hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1756 :: ('MESH:D017542', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured aneurysm', 'Cerebral aneurysm rupture']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological complications']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity1781 :: ('MESH:D009901', 'Disease') :: ['optic nerve decompression']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headache', 'headaches']

entities_list: @entity1462 :: ('MESH:D054079', 'Disease') :: ['vascular malformation']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['ruptured posterior communicating artery']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['artery aneurysm']


abstract: Submucosal (SM) and ligation excision (LE) haemorrhoidectomy were compared to establish whether SM is a less painful procedure and whether anal sensation is better preserved by SM, and, if so, how this relates to postoperative function. There were 18 SM and 22 LE @entity1 . Anal sphincter manometry and anal mucosal electrosensitivity were measured pre-operatively and 6 weeks after surgery. @entity282 was assessed by linear analogue scale. Anal sphincter pressures which were high pre-operatively fell to normal after surgery. Neither operation affected functional sphincter length or the recto-anal inhibitory reflex. Forty per cent of @entity1 showed ultraslow waves on sphincter motility studies. These were associated with the highest pressures and in all but three cases disappeared after surgery. There were no differences in postoperative @entity158 scores between the two techniques but there was a wide range from no @entity158 to very severe @entity158 in both groups. Submucosal haemorrhoidectomy preserved anal sensation better than ligation excision but this was not reflected in improved function. There was minor leakage and soiling in 50 per cent of @entity1 from both groups and two SM and LE @entity1 had initial @entity322 . All these symptoms had resolved by 6 weeks.

title: Submucosal versus ligation excision haemorrhoidectomy: a comparison of anal sensation, anal sphincter manometry and postoperative XXXX and function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['faecal incontinence']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: A study of the seasonality and @entity277 rates of ticks was carried out in 11 @entity291 herds in different ecological habitats in Zambia between 1980 and 1982. Wherever possible supplementary data were obtained from opportunistic collections from @entity291 and other hosts. Analysis of over 1000 tick collections from @entity291 indicated that @entity277 rates of the most important species, Amblyomma variegatum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus vary in different ecological habitats: (i) In Western Province, @entity277 are much lower than elsewhere; (ii) in Central and Southern Provinces, moderate to high @entity277 occur; and (iii) in Eastern Province, R. appendiculatus numbers are generally low and A. variegatum numbers are moderate. These two species, however, have similar life cycles throughout their range with one generation per year. Larvae occur mainly from March to May, nymphae from May to September, and adults of A. variegatum from October to December and of R. appendiculatus from December to April. Boophilus decoloratus appears to have two to four generations per year but is uncommon during the rainy season. In some areas in central Zambia Rhipicephalus compositus adults are seasonally common in September-October whereas Rhipicephalus evertsi is more or less ubiquitous. Low to moderate @entity277 of Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma rufipes occur in most areas. At least 14 other less common or rare species of Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, Haemaphysalis and Ixodes were taken infrequently from @entity291 . These and other host-specific species were also collected from @entity235 , @entity742 , various wildlife hosts and the environment. Infestation rates, seasonality and host-relationships of tick species are discussed in relation to their ecology. Relevant biosystematic and disease relationships are reviewed briefly. The baseline data derived from this study are adequate for integrated analysis with those from other ecological and economic investigations to formulate tick control strategies.

title: Ecology and phenology of ticks in Zambia: seasonal dynamics on XXXX .

entities_list: @entity277 :: ('MESH:D013984', 'Disease') :: ['infestations', 'infestation']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: The results of investigations in 50 @entity323 @entity1 with @entity16 are presented. Using intracorporeal @entity3302 , Doppler duplex scanning, cardiovascular reflex testing and skin thermal threshold monitoring, the vascular and neurological components were assessed in each of three clinical groups with probable or overt @entity16 . These comprised @entity6 . Anatomical detail of the penis was well seen using these techniques. In 15 @entity1 with @entity3510 , although the aetiology was predominantly neurological, six exhibited poor flow in the deep penile arteries following injection of @entity3302 . This was associated with poor erections in these @entity1 , suggesting a vascular pathology. In 27 @entity1 with @entity6 the results showed a mixed pattern. @entity455 was almost universal, combined with varying degrees of @entity1897 , and only three had full erections with @entity3302 . Those with @entity530 (8 @entity1 ) also had a mixed picture, although some had good erections following @entity3302 injection. Duplex Doppler scanning of the deep penile arteries correlated with the quality of @entity3302 -induced erection. Thermal testing was a highly sensitive indicator of small nerve fibre dysfunction, possibly at an earlier stage than standard autonomic testing. A vascular component to @entity323 was shown to be common in those with @entity16 , and may alter management.

title: Results of investigation of @entity323 in XXXX with overt or probable @entity16 .

entities_list: @entity3510 :: ('MESH:D013124', 'Disease') :: ['spinal injuries']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['impotence', 'impotent']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['Vascular disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'spinal injury, diabetes and pelvic trauma']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological impairment', 'neurological disease', 'neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity530 :: ('MESH:D010386', 'Disease') :: ['pelvic trauma']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic and peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity3302 :: ('MESH:D010208', 'Chemical') :: ['papaverine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: There are currently four major options for control of @entity73151 and other ruminant @entity344 . These are the traditional, suppressive, integrated and strategic approaches. Strategic dosing is the most realistic and beneficial approach for most regions of the world, including the U.S.A. It is effective, practical, labor-saving and can yield big economic returns. Today this approach is even more appropriate because of important advances in the technology of controlled release and pulse-release devices. Top priority in worm control programs should be given to dairy replacement heifers in their first year at pasture and to beef @entity291 in the immediate post-weaning period. This is preferable to recommendations for blanket treatment of all beef and dairy @entity291 , regardless of age, immune status or pasture infectivity. An anthelmintic overkill is both wasteful and potentially harmful in that it increases the selection pressure for drug resistance. It is suggested that better dissemination of information is needed to make producers aware of the benefits of strategic dosing programs. This would eliminate much of the @entity911 about parasite control and focus attention on simple and effective programs that could significantly reduce current losses to the livestock industries.

title: Control strategies for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal parasites']

entities_list: @entity73151 :: ('MESH:D010029', 'Disease') :: ['ostertagiasis']

entities_list: @entity911 :: ('MESH:D003221', 'Disease') :: ['confusion']

answer: @entity73151 :: (MESH:D010029,Disease) :: ['ostertagiasis']


abstract: @entity282 management adheres to the principles of a three-step routine according to the WHO recommendations. This routine suggests the combination of a basic non-opioid (step I) with an opioid of low potency (step II) or high potency (step III). Non-opioids are routinely administered prior to an opioid. While i.v. application is the treatment of choice in the immediate postoperative course, a switch to @entity158 medication is preferred as early as possible. With oral opioid therapy preference should be given to slow release drugs. Intramuscular application of @entity158 medication has little place in @entity282 management. In order to lower the need for systemic @entity158 medication, @entity282 management is supplemented by regional anesthesia administered pre- or intraoperatively. Requirement for @entity158 medication beyond normal or increasing with postoperative time is suggestive of a postsurgical complication. Among the numerous drugs available for @entity282 management, the physician is advised to confine his selection of @entity158 medication to a limited number in order to gain superior knowledge of effects and side effects of the drugs administered.

title: [ XXXX therapy in orthopedics].

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain', 'Postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['oral pain', 'pain']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['Postoperative pain']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid intraplaque @entity548 is a marker of @entity1856 instability. Noninvasive assessment of bleeding can be performed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but its association with inflammatory markers has not been clearly demonstrated. METHODS: We evaluated consecutive carotid endarterectomy @entity1 that underwent high-resolution MRI, independent evaluation of neurologic symptoms, @entity1851 measurement, and histologic analysis. Intraplaque @entity548 was determined by the presence of a hyperintense MRI signal (T1-weighted sequence). RESULTS: The study included 70 predominantly male (66%) and @entity101 (89%) @entity1 (89%) aged 66 +/- 9 years old. MR angiography identified 15 @entity1 (21.5%) with @entity850 between 50% and 69%, 15 (21.5%) with @entity850 between 70% and 90%, and 40 (57%) with @entity850 >90%. High-resolution MRI depicted a hyperintense signal suggestive of intraplaque bleeding in 45 subjects (64%). All @entity1 who had had transient @entity63 attacks >90 days before the surgery showed a hyperintense signal on MRI (P = .007). Age, gender, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and history of @entity583 or @entity3657 were similar in @entity1 with or without signs of intraplaque bleeding on MRI. There was excellent agreement between acute or recent @entity548 on histologic and MRI findings (kappa coefficient, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.00). Only one of 45 @entity1 (2%) with a hyperintense signal on MRI did not have acute or recent @entity548 in the histologic analysis (P < .001). High-sensitivity @entity1851 levels were similar for different degrees of @entity543 as assessed by MR angiography, but they were significantly higher in clinically unstable @entity1 (P = .006) and in those with a positive hyperintense MRI signal (P = .01). In an aggregated analysis of neurologic symptoms and MRI findings, we found a progressive increase of high-sensitivity @entity1851 levels (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Intraplaque @entity548 evaluated by MRI identified neurologically unstable @entity1 with increased levels of high-sensitivity @entity1851 regardless of the degree of @entity543 .

title: Intraplaque XXXX assessed by high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and @entity1851 in carotid atherosclerosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3657 :: ('MESH:D058729', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral arterial disease']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['stenosis']

entities_list: @entity543 :: ('MESH:D016893', 'Disease') :: ['carotid stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['hemorrhage']


abstract: There is experimental evidence suggesting the existence of a liquid-liquid transition (LLT) in a single-component liquid. However, none of this evidence is free from controversy, including the case of a molecular liquid, @entity27326 , which we study here. Furthermore, the kinetics of LLT has been largely unexplored. Here we study the phase-transition dynamics of @entity27326 in a supercooled liquid state by means of time-resolved polarized and depolarized small-angle light scattering to clarify whether the transition is a liquid-liquid transition (LLT) or merely @entity8233 . A part of this study was recently reported in another of our papers [Shimizu, R.; Kobayashi, M.; Tanaka, H. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014, 112, 125702]. A detailed analysis of our experimental results of light scattering and the comparison with heat evolution during LLT have revealed the following facts. The polarized scattering from domains has a finite (nonzero) intensity in the low-wavenumber limit, and the time evolution of its average intensity is almost proportional to the square of the heat-releasing rate. The depolarized scattering intensity monotonically increases in the process of LLT during isothermal annealing above the spinodal temperature @entity1051 but exhibits a peak below @entity1051 . On the basis of these results, we suggest that the primary process is LLT, whose order parameter is of a nonconserved nature, but accompanies @entity8233 . In the NG-type LLT, the sharp interface between liquid II droplets and the liquid I matrix promotes @entity8233 there, whereas much less @entity8233 is induced in the SD-type LLT due to the lack of such sharp interfaces.

title: Time-Resolved Light Scattering Study on the Kinetics of the Liquid-Liquid Transition in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity27326 :: ('MESH:C013318', 'Chemical') :: ['triphenyl phosphite']

entities_list: @entity8233 :: ('MESH:D058426', 'Disease') :: ['nanocrystal formation']

answer: @entity27326 :: (MESH:C013318,Chemical) :: ['Triphenyl Phosphite']


abstract: To review the pharmacokinetic literature regarding @entity1092 ( @entity2052 ) in @entity1 with @entity162 to evaluate the appropriateness of routine @entity734 ( @entity734 ) of @entity2052 in this population. Embase, Medline, Biosis, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Cochrane Systematic Reviews databases (to July 2009) were searched (terms: @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity1092 , @entity162 , @entity162 , @entity162 , assay, concentration, drug level, serum level, plasma level, @entity734 , drug monitoring, pharmacokinetics). A 9-step decision-making algorithm was applied to the available @entity2052 literature in the @entity162 population. @entity2052 has been established as effective first-line therapy in the treatment of @entity162 . Commercial assays are available to accurately measure @entity2052 levels with good sensitivity and precision. Wide interpatient variability in @entity2052 pharmacokinetic parameters and long anticipated treatment durations favor the use of @entity734 in the @entity162 @entity1 . Conversely, correlations between @entity2052 levels and pharmacologic response in @entity1 , and specifically @entity1 with @entity162 are unclear. Compared with other agents known to have narrow therapeutic ranges, @entity2052 does not seem to share this characteristic. Furthermore, the clinical efficacy and @entity137 of @entity2052 may be assessed in ways other than @entity734 , allowing for contributions by health care professionals, @entity1 , and family members. Despite the development of effective and widely available @entity2052 assays, routine monitoring of @entity2052 concentrations in the general @entity162 affective population does not seem warranted. However, @entity734 may enhance usual clinical monitoring in situations involving unusual @entity2052 metabolism, polytherapy with clinically relevant drug interactions, or as part of a comprehensive assessment of treatment compliance.

title: Does @entity1092 warrant XXXX in @entity162 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity162 :: ('MESH:D001714', 'Disease') :: ['bipolar disorder', 'bipolar mania', 'bipolar affective disorder', 'mania', 'bipolar']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate semisodium', 'valproate', 'divalproex', 'valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['TDM', 'therapeutic drug monitoring']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['therapeutic drug monitoring']


abstract: @entity3852 is the second most deadly form of @entity1489 after @entity320 , with a mortality rate of as high as 35 percent. It usually occurs as a deep red or purple dome-shaped @entity5 on sun-exposed skin of elderly @entity1 . Transplant recipients or @entity791 @entity1 have a higher incidence of this @entity5 than normal individuals. There is an association of a polyoma virus with this @entity5 that may explain the increased incidence in immunosuppression. Surgery, followed by radiation therapy is the standard of treatment. Sentinel node dissection is recommended because this @entity5 metastasizes often. Chemotherapy, such as is used for oat cell @entity2 , is advised for metastatic disease. However, systemic chemotherapy protocols have not been overly successful. We have treated four cases of @entity5 with surgery followed by intralesional @entity1732 and have followed these cases for up to five years with no evidence of recurrence or @entity3 . One case had radiation post operatively but the @entity5 recurred. Intralesional @entity1732 caused complete regression of this @entity5 with minimal scarring and long term cure. @entity1732 , besides being a potent chemotherapy agent, has direct antiviral effects that may explain why this drug is so effective in treating @entity3852 .

title: XXXX : treatment with @entity1732 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3852 :: ('MESH:D015266', 'Disease') :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage-I Merkel cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the lung']

entities_list: @entity1732 :: ('MESH:D001761', 'Chemical') :: ['Bleomycin', 'bleomycin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity3852 :: (MESH:D015266,Disease) :: ['Merkel cell carcinoma']


abstract: The objective of this study was to elucidate the resistive, elastic, and total inspiratory muscle work and mainly the efficiency of the inspiratory muscle work in still standing and in exercising @entity235 . In 180 experiments with nine mongrel @entity235 , respiratory and circulatory functions were recorded at rest and during a 1.5-mph walk on a treadmill belt which was inclined by 9 degrees. Each @entity235 had been trained and surgically prepared before the series of experiments started. An electronic pressure transducer together with a fluid-filled catheter was attached to the ribs at the midthoracic level. Airflow was monitored with a pneumotachygraph attached to a face mask. Aortic flow was monitored with an electromagnetic flow transducer. Catheters in the atria, the ventricles, and the pulmonary and systemic vessels were used to determine hemodynamic parameters and blood gas levels. All recorded and all derived functions were evaluated by a dedicated computer. At rest, resistive inspiratory work (0.98 kg cm) was smaller than elastic work (1.36 kg cm). Elastic work did not change with exercise but resistive work increased to 1.46 kg.cm. The increase of total work from 2.33 kg.cm at rest to 2.79 kg.cm during exercise did not reach significance. Inspiratory power increased with exercise. Estimated diaphragmatic @entity26 consumption increased from 2.23 ml/min at rest to 3.64 ml/min during exercise. It was 1.6 percent of the total @entity26 consumption at rest and 1.7 percent of the total @entity26 consumption during exercise. The estimated efficiency of the work of inspiratory muscles was 15.8 percent at rest and 25.8 percent during exercise. These values did not vary substantially between different animals.

title: Efficiency of work of inspiratory muscles in standing and in exercising XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dogs']


abstract: We examined growth changes in concentrations of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity72802 ) and @entity251 , and somatometric parameters in two captive male @entity32092 from birth to about 4 years of age, to examine the evolution of growth patterns in primates. Plasma @entity72802 concentrations in @entity32092 generally increased with age with values ranging from 200 to 1100 ng/ml. The growth profiles in plasma @entity72802 in the gibbons were similar to those reported for @entity831 . The highest concentrations of plasma @entity251 (230 and 296 ng/dl) were observed within the first 0.3 years from birth, then the concentrations rapidly decreased and fluctuated below 100 ng/dl. Continuously higher @entity72802 concentrations were observed after 2.6 and 3.5 years of age. The profiles of plasma @entity251 in these gibbons also resembled those of other primates including @entity1 . However, their plasma @entity251 levels in both neonate and adult stages (60 ng/dl) were lower than those reported for macaques and @entity831 of respective stages. The obtained growth profiles of plasma @entity72802 and @entity251 suggest that the adolescent phase starts around 2.6 or 3.5 years of age in male @entity32092 . The growth trend in many morphological parameters including body weight showed a linear increase without a significant growth spurt at approximately the onset of puberty. Head length and first digit length had reached a plateau during the study period. Brachial index, which indicates the relative length of forearm to upper arm, significantly increased gradually through the growth period. This result indicates that forearm becomes relatively longer than the upper arm with growth, which may be an evolutionary adaptation for brachiation.

title: Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I, @entity251 and morphological changes in the growth of captive @entity32092 ( XXXX ) from birth to adolescence.

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity32092 :: ('9579', 'Species') :: ['agile gibbons']

entities_list: @entity831 :: ('9598', 'Species') :: ['chimpanzees']

answer: @entity32092 :: (9579,Species) :: ['Hylobates agilis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity101 ( @entity101 ) and @entity19430 ( @entity19430 ) are associated with organ damage. In the present study, we examined the correlation between the magnitude of white-coat effect (WCE) or reverse WCE (RWCE) and 24-h pulse pressure (PP), an indicator of target organ damage and arterial stiffness, in @entity1 and young adults. We also examined the relationship of WCE or RWCE and blood pressure (BP) variability, another predictor of clinical outcomes. One hundred and ninety-eight subjects were studied. According to the office BP and ambulatory BP, they were divided into normotension, @entity19430 , @entity101 , and @entity101 . The magnitude of WCE or RWCE, along with male gender and 24-h systolic BP, was the determinant of 24-h PP. In subjects with 24-h PP  >=   61  mmHg, the magnitude of WCE or RWCE, age, male ratio, height, weight, BMI, the percentage of secondary @entity101 , that of @entity101 , office systolic BP, and 24-h systolic BP were significantly greater. There was a progressive increase in 24-h PP from normotension, @entity19430 , @entity101 , to @entity101 . BP variability in subjects with @entity101 was numerically highest in both systolic and diastolic. Diastolic BP variability of @entity19430 , @entity101 , and @entity101 was significantly higher than that of normotension. Finally, the magnitude of WCE or RWCE in systolic showed a significant correlation with systolic BP variability. In conclusion, the magnitude of WCE or RWCE correlates with 24-h PP and systolic BP variability, which may suggest increased arterial stiffness in @entity19430 and @entity101 .

title: White-Coat and Reverse White-Coat Effects Correlate with 24-h Pulse Pressure and Systolic Blood Pressure Variability in XXXX and Young Adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity19430 :: ('MESH:D059466', 'Disease') :: ['white-coat hypertension', 'WCH']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['Masked hypertension', 'hypertension', 'MH']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Children']


abstract: The developmental competence of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of slaughtered prepubertal and adult @entity1707 was evaluated after in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation and culture in vitro. In addition, the effect of prepubertal and adult follicular fluid (FF) on the developmental competence of prepubertal and adult oocytes was investigated. When matured in adult FF, the rates of cleavage (92 v. 73% P < 0.01) and blastocyst formation (57 v. 38%; P < 0.05) were greater for adult oocytes than for prepubertal oocytes. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes had more trophectoderm cells (43 v. 30; P < 0.05) and total cells (51 v. 36; P < 0.05) than blastocysts derived from prepubertal oocytes. The developmental competence of prepubertal oocytes was not affected by the FF donor age, whereas the developmental competence of adult oocytes was. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in adult FF had more trophectoderm cells (38 v. 24; P < 0.005), inner cell mass cells (7 v. 3; P < 0.01) and total cells (45 v. 27; P < 0.001) than blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in prepubertal FF. Characterization of the @entity134 content of the FF used to supplement the maturation medium revealed that adult FF contained more @entity1420 (42 v. 23 ng mL(-1); P < 0.005) and @entity2671 (70 v. 16 ng mL(-1); P < 0.05) than prepubertal FF. In addition, the molar ratios of @entity1420 to @entity2671 , @entity2671 to @entity53 and @entity2671 to @entity251 differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal and adult FF. The results support the hypothesis that a greater proportion of adult oocytes than of prepubertal oocytes has completed 'oocyte capacitation'. The differences in FF @entity134 content are indicative of the different follicular environments from which the prepubertal and adult oocytes were isolated, and may be attributed to the observed effects on oocyte developmental competence.

title: Relationship between donor animal age, follicular fluid XXXX content and oocyte developmental competence in the @entity1707 .

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['17beta-oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity2671 :: ('MESH:D000735', 'Chemical') :: ['androstenedione']

answer: @entity134 :: (CHEBI:35341,Chemical) :: ['steroid']


abstract: @entity3569 ovary cells were maintained in culture medium supplemented with delipidated serum to make them dependent on nonlipid components for lipid synthesis. Growth in lipid-free medium resulted in an increased flux through the @entity13667 - @entity1877 pathway for @entity2434 synthesis. The increased flux appeared to be mediated by the @entity93 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase because cellular @entity2945 levels decreased in cells grown in lipid-free medium, and both cell-free cytidylyltransferase activity and membrane-associated cytidylyltransferase activity increased in cells grown in lipid-free medium. @entity3569 ovary cells maintained in culture medium supplemented with complete serum can grow at nearly normal rates in the presence of phospholipase C for many generations, even though the treatment enhances turnover of cellular @entity2434 (R. Sleight and C. Kent (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 824-830). The phospholipase C treatment, however, was toxic to cells maintained in medium supplemented with delipidated serum. @entity6579 protected cells from phospholipase @entity137 , but did not support growth. The rate of utilization of @entity6579 for @entity2434 synthesis was about 8% of the turnover rate for @entity2434 , and was not increased by phospholipase C treatment. Reconstitution of the medium with fractionated serum lipids showed that the cells required specific neutral lipids, namely, @entity1718 plus @entity165 , in order to grow in the presence of phospholipase C. Either oleate or @entity165 (up to 80 microM) alone did not allow growth in phospholipase C, but a combination of these two lipids supported growth effectively.

title: XXXX ovary cells depend on exogenous lipids to survive phospholipase C treatment.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['Lysophosphatidylcholine', 'lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

entities_list: @entity3569 :: ('10029', 'Species') :: ['Chinese hamster']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity3569 :: (10029,Species) :: ['Chinese hamster']


abstract: @entity2963 is a common disease in the United States associated with significant morbidity. Surgical treatment with cholecystectomy has been increasing with a significant cost to the health care system. Surgical management is not without risk. Cholecystectomy has also been associated with a significant morbidity and mortality in elderly @entity1 . Cholecystectomies are often performed unnecessarily in @entity5990 @entity1 for nonspecific symptoms. Many @entity1 with nonspecific @entity158 , which may have a psychogenic component, continue to experience similar @entity158 after cholecystectomy. There are problems in determining the symptom status of @entity1 . @entity1 who believe surgery will relieve symptoms may maximize their symptoms, whereas @entity1 who are reluctant to undergo surgery may minimize their symptoms. Although cholecystectomy is the mainstay of @entity5990 treatment, @entity6741 therapy and, if available, ESWL and topical dissolution are nonsurgical treatment alternatives in selected @entity1 . In selected cases, in particular in the elderly and in other @entity1 at increased risk from surgery, nonsurgical management offers lower morbidity and mortality than does operative treatment. The decision for surgical versus nonsurgical management should be based on both objective selection criteria and @entity1 choice.

title: Nonsurgical management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5990 :: ('MESH:D042882', 'Disease') :: ['gallstone']

entities_list: @entity2963 :: ('MESH:D002769', 'Disease') :: ['Cholelithiasis']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile acid']

answer: @entity5990 :: (MESH:D042882,Disease) :: ['gallstone disease']


abstract: A 52-year-old white @entity1 had suffered from intermittent @entity360 for one year. Upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy and peroral double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) did not detect any @entity548 source, suggesting obscure @entity360 . However, in videocapsule endoscopy a jejunal ulceration without @entity548 signs was suspected and this was endoscopically confirmed by another peroral DBE. After transfusion of packed red blood cells, the @entity1 was discharged from our hospital in @entity558 . Two weeks later she was readmitted because of another episode of @entity548 . Multi-detector row computed tomography with 3D reconstruction was performed revealing a @entity5 causing lower @entity360 . The @entity1 underwent exploratory laparotomy with partial jejunal resection and end-to-end jejunostomy for reconstruction. Histological examination of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of a @entity674 ( @entity674 ). Nine days after surgery the @entity1 was discharged in good health. No signs of @entity344 occurred in a follow-up of eight months. We herein describe the complex presentation and course of this @entity1 with @entity674 and also review the current approach to treatment.

title: A typical presentation of a rare cause of obscure XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity558 :: ('MESH:C536528', 'Disease') :: ['good general condition']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'acute bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['jejunal tumor']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal rebleeding']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['low risk gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'GIST']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['GI bleeding', 'gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding', 'gastrointestinal bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity384 , dissection and @entity397 are major clinical problems in @entity1614 ( @entity1614 ). Although b-blockers remain the standard of preventive treatment, preliminary results from animal studies and a selected group of severely affected @entity1614 @entity1 show significant benefit from treatment with @entity9886 , an @entity2178 receptor blocker with @entity2533 inhibiting potential. Large-scale @entity1 trials are now needed to confirm these results. This trial aims to evaluate the combined effect of both drugs. METHODS: We are conducting a prospective randomized placebo controlled double blind phase III study aiming to include 174 @entity1614 @entity1 (age >=  10 years and z-score >=  2). @entity1 already taking b-blockers are randomized for weight-adjusted treatment with @entity9886 versus placebo. The primary endpoint is decrease in aortic root growth rate. Secondary endpoints are aortic dissection/surgery, progression of aortic/ @entity339 , @entity432 , left ventricular systolic/diastolic function, quality of life and genetic modifiers. Echocardiography, vascular echo-Doppler and quality of life assessment will be performed at baseline and at 6-monthly follow-ups for 3 years. MRI evaluation will be performed at baseline and at the end of the trial. CONCLUSION: This trial will study new therapeutic strategies for the prevention of serious @entity65 in @entity1614 . The uniqueness in our trial is that the additive effect of @entity9886 and b-blocker will be evaluated in a large spectrum of disease severity. A combination of ultrasound and MRI will allow detailed evaluation of anatomic and functional properties of the aorta and left ventricle.

title: The Ghent Marfan Trial--a randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial with XXXX in Marfan @entity1 treated with b-blockers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['Aortic root dilation']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['MFS', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2178 :: ('183', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin II']

entities_list: @entity9886 :: ('MESH:D019808', 'Chemical') :: ['losartan']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial stiffness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular complications']

answer: @entity9886 :: (MESH:D019808,Chemical) :: ['losartan']


abstract: @entity7238 ( @entity4601 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity844 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity4601 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity1 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity4601 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity4601 in the @entity1 @entity1 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity1 can synthesize sufficient @entity4601 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity4601 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity1 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity1 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity4601 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity4601 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity4601 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity52126 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 accumulates half the @entity4601 of the brain of breast-fed @entity1 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity4601 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity1 not consuming @entity4601 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity4601 to match the @entity4601 accumulation of breast-fed @entity1 . We conclude that dietary @entity4601 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity1 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity7238 accumulation than formula-fed @entity1 not consuming dietary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'infants', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity7238 :: ('MESH:D004281', 'Chemical') :: ['Docosahexaenoate']

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity52126 :: ('CHEBI:32387', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-linolenate']

answer: @entity7238 :: (MESH:D004281,Chemical) :: ['docosahexaenoate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) has advocated open mesh repair for primary @entity547 but suggested laparoscopic repair may be considered for recurrent @entity547 . AIM: To establish current surgical practice by surgeons from the South West of England. METHODS: A postal survey was distributed to 121 consultant surgeons and a response rate of 75% was achieved. RESULTS: The majority (86%) of the surgeons surveyed performed @entity547 repairs, and most (95%) of these used open mesh repair as standard for primary @entity169 . Only 8% used laparoscopic repair routinely for primary @entity547 . Few consultants (only 28%) were able to quote formally audited @entity547 rates. A total of 90% of respondents still employed open mesh repair routinely for recurrent @entity547 ; however, if mesh had been used for the primary repair, this figure fell to 55%. Some 7% of respondents recommended laparoscopic repair for recurrent @entity547 , but this increased to 17% if the primary repair was done with mesh. All laparoscopic surgeons in the South West employed the totally extraperitoneal approach (TEP). There was a range of opinion on the technical demands of repair of a recurrent @entity547 previously mended with mesh; the commonest cause of mesh failure was thought to be a medial direct recurrence (insufficient mesh medially). CONCLUSIONS: Current surgical practice for primary @entity547 in the South West England reflects NICE guidelines although many surgeons continue to manage recurrent @entity547 by further open repair. In this survey, there was anecdotal evidence to suggest that @entity547 can be managed effectively by open repair.

title: Management of primary and recurrent XXXX by surgeons from the South West of England.

entities_list: @entity169 :: ('MESH:D006552', 'Disease') :: ['inguinal hernia']

entities_list: @entity547 :: ('MESH:D006547', 'Disease') :: ['hernias', 'hernia recurrence', 'hernia']

answer: @entity169 :: (MESH:D006552,Disease) :: ['inguinal hernia']


abstract: Several studies suggest that @entity9140 ( @entity9140 ) can exacerbate @entity410 development during @entity4889 (S.E.) and subsequent epileptogenesis in the adult brain. On the other hand, evidence exists for the protective effect of @entity9140 . To study this controversy, we induced S.E. with @entity4176 in @entity19 with increased @entity9140 signaling due to @entity26304 overexpression. @entity19 experienced a more severe S.E. than wild type animals did. Furthermore, they had increased acute hippocampal neuronal loss when assessed at 48 h after S.E. The effect of @entity26304 overexpression on the development of @entity302 , chronic @entity528 , mossy fiber sprouting, and neurogenesis were studied at 4.5 months after @entity4176 -induced S.E. No differences were found in the rate of epileptogenesis, severity of @entity302 , or cellular markers of network reorganization between transgenic and wild type @entity19 . No differences between genotypes were observed in @entity45770 staining, indicating no effect of @entity26304 overexpression to immature neuron numbers. Instead, in Cresyl Violet-stained preparations, the highest density of neurons was found in untreated @entity19 suggesting a favorable effect of @entity26304 overexpression on the survival of neurons in the hippocampus. Our data support the role of @entity9140 and @entity26304 signaling in @entity410 generation and acute cellular damage after S.E. Long-term outcome was not, however, exacerbated by @entity26304 overexpression.

title: Exacerbated @entity4889 and acute cell loss, but no changes in epileptogenesis, in @entity19 with increased XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity9140 :: ('12064(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor', 'BDNF']

entities_list: @entity4889 :: ('MESH:D018455', 'Disease') :: ['status epilepticus']

entities_list: @entity19 :: ('10090', 'Species') :: ['mice', 'Transgenic mice', 'transgenic mice']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['neuronal death']

answer: @entity9140 :: (12064(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['brain-derived neurotrophic factor']


abstract: @entity4663 are known to play a central role in processes such as growth and development. Virtually nothing is known about their importance in tooth development, an attractive and frequently used experimental model for studies of developmental processes. A @entity4664 -depleted state was created in tooth cells in an organ culture system. First lower molar germs from 16-and 17.5-day old @entity19 fetuses were used. @entity11747 ( @entity11747 ) and @entity2665 ( @entity2665 ) were used to deplete the cells from their @entity4664 content. @entity4664 interconversion and catabolism were prevented by @entity5118 (AG). In day-16 germs cultured in serum-containing medium, @entity11747 reduced the frequency of cycling cells as shown by @entity665 incorporation, and induced a delay of odontoblast differentiation of about 24 h. Under the same conditions, @entity2665 induced an arrest of histo-morphogenesis, correlated to a significant decrease in the rate of cell proliferation. Addition of @entity4663 prevented @entity11747 - and @entity2665 -induced delay of tooth differentiation. Interestingly, @entity2665 did not delay the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts in cultured day-17.5 molars; in these, cells at the tip of the cusps are only a few hours before their withdrawal from the cell cycle. In serum-deprived medium, dental cytodifferentiations did not occur. Addition of @entity7224 or @entity11667 to serum-free media, however, allowed for tooth morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. Tooth explants in a serum-deprived medium reacted to @entity11747 in a cytocidal fashion, whereas @entity2665 showed only a mild @entity137 in some cell types. Addition of @entity7224 to @entity11747 -containing medium prevented its cytotoxic effect. Addition of @entity11667 to @entity2665 -containing medium not only prevented its mild @entity137 but also allowed for predentin secretion by differentiated odontoblasts. The results are discussed with regard to the well-established developmental events of tooth germs cultured in vitro and with respect to present knowledge of @entity4664 metabolism and their involvement in cellular processes.

title: @entity4664 depletion-mediated effects on XXXX odontogenesis are dependent on tooth developmental stage and culture conditions.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5118 :: ('MESH:C004479', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoguanidine sulfate']

entities_list: @entity665 :: ('CHEBI:53526', 'Chemical') :: ['[3H]thymidine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine']

entities_list: @entity2665 :: ('MESH:D008935', 'Chemical') :: ['MGBG', 'methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone)']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamines', 'polyamines']

entities_list: @entity4664 :: ('CHEBI:60143', 'Chemical') :: ['Polyamine', 'polyamine']

entities_list: @entity11747 :: ('CHEBI:41948', 'Chemical') :: ['alpha-difluoromethylornithine', 'DFMO']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['spermidine']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The best treatment of sacral @entity3580 is surgical resection, nowadays associated with optimized radiation therapy. We analysed 1) the oncologic outcome in a large series; 2) the effect of previous intralesional surgery, resection level, @entity5 volume and margins on survivorship to @entity8950 ) the complication rate. METHODS: We reviewed 71 @entity1 with sacral @entity3580 . Forty-eight resections were proximal to S3. Mean @entity5 volume was 535 cm3. Eleven received previous intralesional surgery elsewhere. Margins were wide in 44 resections, wide-contaminated in 11, marginal in 9 and intralesional in 7. RESULTS: Overall survival was 92%, 65% and 44% at 5, 10 and 15 years. At a mean of 9.5 years 37 were NED (54.4%), 23 died with disease (33.8%) and 8 were alive with disease (11.7%). Relapses included 15 LRs, 6 distant metastases, 17 both. LR rate was significantly higher in @entity1 with previous surgery (p=0.0217), with inadequate margins (p= 0.0339) and large @entity5 (p<0.01), whereas resection level was not significant. Multivariate analysis confirmed the role of @entity5 volume. Complication rate was high (80.9%) with an infection rate of 41.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The most prominent adverse factor for LR was previous intralesional surgery. LR rate was related with inadequate margins and @entity5 volume. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015; 112:344-351.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Prognostic factors in surgical resection of sacral XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3580 :: ('MESH:D002817', 'Disease') :: ['chordomas', 'chordoma']

entities_list: @entity8950 :: ('4041', 'Gene') :: ['local recurrence (LR) and 3']

answer: @entity3580 :: (MESH:D002817,Disease) :: ['chordoma']