abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate constancy, within a treatment session, of the time lag relationship between implanted markers in @entity5 and an external motion surrogate. METHODS: Six gastroesophageal junction and three @entity788 @entity1 (IRB-approved protocol) received two cone-beam CTs (CBCT), one before and one after treatment. Time between scans was less than 30 min. Each @entity1 had at least one implanted fiducial marker near the @entity5 . In all scans, abdominal displacement (Varian RPM) was recorded as the external motion signal. Purpose-built software tracked fiducials, representing internal signal, in CBCT projection images. Time lag between superior-inferior (SI) internal and anterior-posterior external signals was found by maximizing the correlation coefficient in each breathing cycle and averaging over all cycles. Time-lag-induced discrepancy between internal SI position and that predicted from the external signal (external prediction error) was also calculated. RESULTS: Mean    standard deviation time lag, over all scans and @entity1 , was 0.10    0.07 s (range 0.01-0.36 s). External signal lagged the internal in 17/18 scans. Change in time lag between pre- and post-treatment CBCT was 0.06    0.07 s (range 0.01-0.22 s), corresponding to 3.1%    3.7% (range 0.6%-10.8%) of gate width (range 1.6-3.1 s). In only one @entity1 , change in time lag exceeded 10% of the gate width. External prediction error over all scans of all @entity1 varied from 0.1    0.1 to 1.6    0.4 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Time lag between internal motion along SI and external signals is small compared to the treatment gate width of abdominal @entity1 examined in this study. Change in time lag within a treatment session, inferred from pre- to post-treatment measurements is also small, suggesting that a single measurement of time lag at the session start is adequate. These findings require confirmation in a larger number of @entity1 .

title: Technical Note: Intrafractional changes in time lag relationship between anterior-posterior external and superior-inferior internal motion signals in XXXX sites.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['abdominal tumor']


abstract: The 85-kDa @entity22704 ( @entity22704 ) mediates agonist-induced @entity1426 release in many cell models, including @entity19 peritoneal macrophages. @entity22704 is regulated by an increase in intracellular @entity460 , which binds to an @entity1472 -terminal C2 domain and induces its translocation to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. Phosphorylation of @entity22704 on S505 by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) also contributes to activation. In macrophages, zymosan induces a transient increase in intracellular @entity460 and activation of MAPK, which together fully activate @entity22704 and synergistically promote @entity1426 release. There are alternative pathways for regulating @entity22704 in macrophages because @entity4515 and @entity18398 induce @entity1426 release without increasing @entity460 . The baculovirus expression system is a useful model to study @entity22704 activation. Sf9 cells expressing @entity22704 release @entity1426 to either @entity3365 or @entity18398 . @entity22704 is phosphorylated on multiple sites in Sf9 cells, and phosphorylation of S727 is preferentially induced by @entity18398 . However, the phosphorylation sites are non-essential and only S505 phosphorylation partially contributes to @entity22704 activation in this model. Although @entity18398 does not increase intracellular @entity460 in Sf9 cells, @entity460 binding by the C2 domain is necessary for @entity1426 release. @entity3365 and @entity18398 activate @entity22704 by different mechanisms, yet both induce translocation to the nuclear envelope in Sf9 cells. The results demonstrate that alternative regulatory pathways can lead to @entity22704 activation and @entity1426 release.

title: Regulation of XXXX release and cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation.

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity18398 :: ('MESH:D019319', 'Chemical') :: ['okadaic acid']

answer: @entity1426 :: (MESH:D016718,Chemical) :: ['arachidonic acid']


abstract: PURPOSE: The benefits of adjuvant @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for @entity0 may be counterbalanced by the risk of @entity1370 . We studied the cardiac effects of @entity1161 and the impact of pre-existing @entity299 ( @entity299 ) in a population-based sample of older @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database of @entity1 > or = 65 years diagnosed with Stages I to III @entity0 from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2000, we used multivariable logistic regression to model the associations of demographic and clinical variables with postmastectomy and postlumpectomy @entity1161 . Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we then modeled the association between treatment and @entity583 ( @entity583 ) and @entity63 in the 10 or more years after diagnosis, taking the predictors of treatment into account. RESULTS: Among 48,353 @entity1 with @entity0 ; 19,897 (42%) were treated with lumpectomy and 26,534 (55%) with mastectomy; the remainder had unknown surgery type (3%). Receipt of @entity1161 was associated with later year of diagnosis, younger age, fewer comorbidities, nonrural residence, and chemotherapy. Postlumpectomy @entity1161 was also associated with white ethnicity and no prior history of @entity299 ( @entity299 ). The @entity1161 did not increase the risk of @entity583 . Presence of @entity583 was associated with age, African American ethnicity, advanced stage, nonrural residence, more than one comorbid condition, a hormone receptor-negative @entity5 , @entity299 and @entity299 . Among @entity1 who received @entity1161 , @entity5 laterality was not associated with @entity583 outcome. The effect of @entity1161 on the heart was not influenced by @entity299 or @entity299 . CONCLUSION: It appears unlikely that @entity1161 would increase the risk of @entity583 in elderly @entity1 with @entity0 , regardless of type of surgery, @entity5 laterality, or history of @entity299 or @entity299 , for at least 10 years.

title: Radiation therapy, @entity299 , and @entity1370 in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1161 :: ('MESH:D011832', 'Disease') :: ['radiation therapy', 'RT']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac risk factors', 'CRFs', 'heart disease', 'HD']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity1370 :: ('MESH:D066126', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac toxicity']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['early-stage breast cancer']


abstract: The optimal management of asparaginase-associated @entity715 complications is not well-defined. We report the features, management and outcome of paediatric (ages 0-18years) and adult (18-50years) @entity1 with @entity981 ( @entity981 ) with asparaginase-related @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) treated at Dana-Farber @entity5 Institute on clinical trials for newly diagnosed @entity981 between 1991-2008. Of 548 @entity1 , 43 (8%) had @entity1211 , including 27/501 (5%) paediatric and 16/47 (34%) adult @entity1 . @entity50 occurred in 1  6% of @entity1 . Age was the only significant predictor of @entity1211 , with those aged >30years at very high risk ( @entity1211 rate 42%). 74% of @entity1 received low molecular weight heparin after @entity1211 . Complications of anticoagulation included @entity1415 (9%), @entity2981 (2%) and, in two adult @entity1 , major @entity548 . Thirty @entity1 (70%) ultimately received at least 85% of the intended doses of asparaginase. 33% of @entity1 experienced recurrent @entity1211 (paediatric 17% vs. adults 47%, P=0  07). The 48-month event-free survival for @entity1 with @entity1211 was 85  6% compared with 88  2% for those without @entity1211 (P=0  36). This study confirms that, after @entity1211 , asparaginase can be restarted with closely monitored anticoagulation after imaging demonstrates clot stabilization or improvement. With this management strategy, a history of @entity1211 does not appear to adversely impact prognosis.

title: The frequency and management of asparaginase-related @entity715 in paediatric and adult @entity1 with @entity981 treated on Dana-Farber XXXX Institute consortium protocols.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity981 :: ('MESH:D054198', 'Disease') :: ['acute lymphoblastic leukaemia', 'ALL']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity50 :: ('MESH:D012851', 'Disease') :: ['Sinus venous thrombosis']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Habib 4       radiofrequency-assisted bipolar hemostatic device (AngioDynamics) was used during select open partial nephrectomies to minimize @entity190 and prevent warm @entity8 . The article and video demonstrate this novel technique for partial nephrectomies in select renal masses. METHODS: @entity1 with large @entity703 requiring partial nephrectomy where avoidance of warm @entity63 was deemed imperative underwent open partial nephrectomy at our institution utilizing the Habib 4       radiofrequency ablation device to avoid prolonged warm @entity63 time and prevent @entity190 . RESULTS: We have used the device successfully in 4 partial nephrectomies (2 @entity1 with solitary kidneys, 2 @entity1 with bilateral large masses). The mean age was 65 years. Mean @entity5 size was 6.4   cm. All @entity5 were located either in the upper pole or lower pole of the kidney. Mean hospital stay was 4.6 days. No @entity1 received an intraoperative blood transfusion. Two @entity1 required long-term ureteral stenting and surgical drainage for urine leakage. CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar radiofrequency ablation offers avoidance of hilar clamping in carefully selected large partial nehrectomies.

title: Use of the Habib 4       radiofrequency-assisted bipolar hemostatic device to avoid warm XXXX in select large partial nephrectomies: description and video of technique.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal ischemia']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal tumors']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['ischemia']


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 was studied in 18 @entity1 with @entity1577 . Nine male and nine female @entity1 with a mean age of 14.7 years (range 3 to 29 years) participated in the study. They received @entity17286 450 mg/kg/day (as the @entity11929 ) in six divided doses. During a steady-state dosing interval, a dose of @entity17286 was coadministered with a 10-mg/kg dose of @entity10817 as a 30-minute infusion. Serum concentrations of @entity17286 and @entity10817 were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. The data were analyzed using model-independent methods. The mean elimination rate constant for @entity17286 was 0.64 +/- 0.22 hr-1 and the mean serum half-life was 1.22 +/- 0.39 hr. Total clearance of @entity17286 , calculated by noncompartmental analysis, was 77.2 +/- 26.4 mL/min/sq m. Glomerular filtration rate, as estimated by measuring @entity10817 clearance, was 79.6 +/- 21.9 mL/min/sq m. The total clearance of @entity17286 correlated with @entity10817 clearance. @entity1 with @entity1577 appear to eliminate @entity17286 more rapidly than healthy individuals. This rapid elimination warrants the use of high doses to maintain high serum concentrations.

title: Pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity70779 in XXXX with @entity1577 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity70779 :: ('CHEBI:51864', 'Chemical') :: ['azlocillin sodium']

entities_list: @entity17286 :: ('MESH:D001390', 'Chemical') :: ['azlocillin']

entities_list: @entity10817 :: ('MESH:D007483', 'Chemical') :: ['iothalamate sodium', 'iothalamate']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity11929 :: ('CHEBI:26714', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium salt']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: Defective natural killer (NK) cell populations from @entity1 with @entity1860 ( @entity1860 ), that reacted with both @entity4755 + and B73.1+ antibodies, were obtained by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). These fractions, along with NK fractions from normal donors which reacted with both antibodies, were expanded as bulk cultures or clones by limiting dilution, for 4 weeks in the presence of 10% @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), @entity1 type AB plasma, and irradiated @entity1 allogeneic mononuclear cells. Successfully established clones from @entity1 with @entity1860 , with lytic activity against autologous and more differentiated neoplastic granulocytes, were generated more efficiently from B73.1+ than from @entity4755 + subsets. However, there were no significant differences among the generations of B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones for both @entity1 and normal donors with lytic activity against NK susceptible K-562 targets. Fresh myeloblast preparations from a @entity9638 were found to be more susceptible to lysis by @entity1199 -proliferative B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones than were fresh myelocyte preparations from a @entity2212 @entity1 , which were lytically susceptible to only B73.1+ clones. B73.1+ and @entity4755 + subsets from @entity1860 @entity1 demonstrated major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted killing, and showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3+T8+ or B73.1+T3+T8- from B73.1+ subsets; and @entity4755 -T3+T8+ (initially @entity4755 +) from @entity4755 + subsets. In contrast, B73.1+ and @entity4755 + clones from normal donors showed the following predominant phenotypes: B73.1+T3-T8-; and @entity4755 -T3-T8- or @entity4755 -T3-T8+ (initially all @entity4755 +). Short-term in vitro @entity1199 or interferon treatment of fresh NK defective subsets from @entity1860 @entity1 resulted in minimal cytotoxic augmentation. In contrast, defective NK cells from @entity1860 @entity1 , whether @entity4755 + or B73.1+ subsets, proliferated with complete regeneration of cytolytic activity after a 3-4 week exposure to @entity1199 , but differed in phenotypic profiles as compared to those of normal donors. These observations imply that not only fresh defective NK cells but also the cytotoxically restored clones from @entity1860 @entity1 are derived from different NK subsets and may represent undifferentiated forms of NK cells that may be arrested at an early stage of development by yet unknown mechanism(s). In vitro substantiation of @entity1778 cell killing by @entity1199 -proliferative NK cell clones is encouraging and may allow for new in vivo immunotherapeutic modalities in @entity1860 @entity1 .

title: Natural killer (NK) cell immunodeficiency in XXXX with @entity1860 . II. Successful cloning and amplification of natural killer cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2212 :: ('MESH:D015466', 'Disease') :: ['chronic phase CML']

entities_list: @entity9638 :: ('MESH:D001752', 'Disease') :: ['blast crisis']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['autologous leukemia']

entities_list: @entity1860 :: ('MESH:D015464', 'Disease') :: ['CML', 'chronic myelogenous leukemia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antitumor activity of @entity2449 combined with @entity1092 ( @entity3262 ) on @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) cell lines. METHODS: The effects of @entity2449 combined with @entity3262 on the viability of @entity1 and caki-2 cell lines were evaluated by @entity98 assay. The inhibitory effect of combination of the two drugs was analyzed by the Chou and Talalay method. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze cell cycle and cell apoptosis. RESULTS: @entity98 assay showed that both @entity2449 and @entity3262 decreased @entity1 and Caki-2 cells viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In @entity1 cells, @entity2449 combined with @entity3262 had a synergistic inhibitory effect (CI < 1) when the inhibition effect was >=  0.3. In Caki-2 cells, @entity2449 combined with @entity3262 had a synergistic inhibitory effect (CI < 1) when the inhibition effect was >=  0.4. @entity2449 and @entity3262 combination elicited significant apoptosis compared to drug used alone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, @entity2449 and @entity3262 acted synergistically to arrest @entity1 and Caki-2 cells in G0/G1 phase. CONCLUSION: We highlighted for the first time that @entity2449 combined with @entity3262 could significantly increase anti-ccRCC effect through synergetic effect; its possible mechanisms were inducing apoptosis and adjusting cell cycle.

title: Combination of XXXX and @entity1092 synergistically induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in @entity1358 .

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproic acid']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['Metformin', 'metformin']

answer: @entity2449 :: (MESH:D008687,Chemical) :: ['metformin']


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Auricular swellings significantly affect the facial aesthetics. Swelling affecting the pinna can lead to overt disfigurement and change the entire appeal of the face. @entity85 can occur because of a delay in diagnosis and mismanagement. In our clinical trial fabrication of a simple, effective innovative pressure appliance for @entity2080 is presented to prevent such changes. METHOD: Our case report comprises of a new clinical trial on a @entity1 with @entity2080 referred from the department of ENT, M.S. Ramaiah medical hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka. A 19-gauge stainless steel wire (Leo wire, Leone, Italy) and chemically cure resin was used to fabricate the pressure appliance to prevent the recurrence of @entity2080 . RESULT: @entity1 was successfully treated with the help of pressure appliance after 8 weeks of follow up. CONCLUSION: This appliance is a masked alternative to conventional pressure dressing after @entity2080 which does not pose embarrassment for @entity1 to apply. The use of such an appliance will ensure @entity1 compliance, thereby preventing long term @entity85 .

title: Pressure appliance to prevent the recurrence of XXXX : A  new clinical trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['Gross deformity', 'auricular deformity']

entities_list: @entity2080 :: ('MESH:D049291', 'Disease') :: ['drainage of auricular seroma', 'auricular seroma']

answer: @entity2080 :: (MESH:D049291,Disease) :: ['auricular seroma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies indicate that quality of life (QoL) is impaired in middle aged @entity1 . Assessment of QoL using a single validated tool in Latin American climacteric @entity1 has not been reported to date at large scale. OBJECTIVE: The @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) was used to assess QoL among middle aged Latin American @entity1 and determine factors associated with severe menopausal symptoms ( @entity73 ). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 8373 healthy @entity1 aged 40-59 years, accompanying @entity1 to healthcare centres in 18 cities of 12 Latin American countries, were asked to fill out the @entity1168 and a questionnaire containing socio-demographic, female and partner data. RESULTS: Mean age of the entire sample was 49.1+/-5.7 years (median 49), a 62.5% had 12 or less years of schooling, 48.8% were postmenopausal and 14.7% were on @entity34 ( @entity34 ). Mean total @entity1168 score (n=8373) was 11.3+/-8.5 (median 10); for the somatic subscale, 4.1+/-3.4; the psychological subscale, 4.6+/-3.8 and the urogenital subscale, 2.5+/-2.7. The prevalence of @entity1 presenting moderate to severe total @entity1168 scorings was high (>50%) in all countries, Chile and Uruguay being the ones with the highest percentages (80.8% and 67.4%, respectively). Logistic regression determined that impaired QoL (severe total @entity1168 score > or =17) was associated with the use of alternatives therapies for menopause (OR: 1.47, 95% CI [1.22-1.76], p=0.0001), the use of psychiatric drugs (OR: 1.57, 95% CI [1.29-1.90], p=0.0001), attending a psychiatrist (OR: 1.66, 95% CI [1.41-1.96], p=0.0001), being postmenopausal (OR: 1.48, 95% CI [1.29-1.69, p=0.0001]), having 49 years or more (OR: 1.24, 95% CI [1.08-1.42], p=0.001), living at high altitude (OR: 1.43, 95% CI [1.25-1.62, p=0.0001]) and having a partner with @entity323 (OR: 1.69, 95% CI [1.47-1.94, p=0.0001]) or @entity2754 (OR: 1.34, 95% CI [1.16-1.55, p=0.0001]). Lower risk for impaired QoL was related to living in a country with a lower income (OR: 0.77, 95% CI [0.68-0.88], p=0.0002), using @entity34 (OR: 0.65, 95% CI [0.56-0.76], p=0.0001) and engaging in healthy habits (OR: 0.59, 95% CI [0.50-0.69], p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge this is the first and largest study assessing QoL in a Latin American climacteric series with a high prevalence of impairment related to individual female and male characteristics and the demography of the studied population.

title: Impaired quality of life among middle aged XXXX : a multicentre Latin American study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity323 :: ('MESH:D007172', 'Disease') :: ['erectile dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['QoL impairment']

entities_list: @entity2754 :: ('MESH:D061686', 'Disease') :: ['premature ejaculation']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['MRS', 'Menopause Rating Scale']

entities_list: @entity34 :: ('MESH:D016609', 'Disease') :: ['hormonal therapy', 'HT']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is a major health concern, affecting nearly 10% of the population. Here we describe a potential novel therapeutic agent for this disease, X-3, a derivative of @entity15791 . Therapeutic administration of X-3 significantly and dose-dependently reduced plasma @entity413 and @entity1674 in db/db @entity19 following 8 week-treatments. Treatment with X-3 dose-dependently increased the number of insulin-positive b-cell mass. Importantly, X-3 did not cause any @entity204 or signs of @entity137 in acute @entity137 studies. Study of mechanism of action revealed that X-3 increased @entity413 uptake in parallel with increased phosphorylation of @entity860 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) in 3T3-L1 cells. It activates AMPK in both @entity2448 -dependent and -independent manner. Furthermore, administration of X-3 resulted in activation of AMPK and its downstream target, @entity6625 carboxylase (ACC) in the hypothalamus, liver, muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL/6 @entity19 . An 80   mg/kg X-3 was more potent than @entity2449 at 500   mg/kg in the hypothalamus, and interscapular fat tissues, potent than MF at the same dose in the liver. Thus, we conclude that X-3 is a promising new class of AMPK activating drug, and can potentially be used in the treatment of type 2 @entity6 .

title: X-3, a @entity15791 derivative, stimulates XXXX -activated protein kinase and reduces hyperglycemia and obesity in db/db @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity15791 :: ('MESH:C013592', 'Chemical') :: ['mangiferin']

entities_list: @entity6625 :: ('MESH:D000105', 'Chemical') :: ['acetyl-CoA']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'Diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity860 :: (MESH:D000249,Chemical) :: ['AMP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: FSH-secreting @entity977 are extremely rare in @entity1 and are seldom associated with clinical manifestations of high serum gonadotrophin levels. Thus, most @entity1 have a late presentation, usually as macroadenomas. CASE REPORTS: Two different clinical forms of presentation of FSH-secreting @entity977 are reported: one in a 12-year-old @entity1 with @entity2100 due to a @entity4611 , probably FSH-secreting, and the other in a 15-year-old @entity1 with @entity7961 due to an FSH-producing macroadenoma. Both @entity1 presented slightly high or high FSH with low LH and high inhibin B levels. In the first case, the microadenoma was treated medically with @entity9229 , which failed to reduce FSH and inhibin B levels. No radiological progression has been observed despite increasing testicular volume. In the second case, surgery was performed on the macroadenoma, leading to a decrease in FSH and inhibin B levels. The @entity1 developed severe @entity28 and is currently under treatment with @entity1943 . CONCLUSIONS: FSH-secreting @entity977 have an extremely variable clinical expression. The discrepancy between normal or slightly increased FSH and low LH values, together with high inhibin B levels, strongly suggests FSH @entity4089 which should be studied.

title: @entity2100 and @entity7961 : two different forms of presentation of FSH-secreting XXXX in adolescence.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'boy']

entities_list: @entity4089 :: ('MESH:D006966', 'Disease') :: ['hypersecretion']

entities_list: @entity9229 :: ('MESH:C047047', 'Chemical') :: ['cabergoline']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['hypothalamic obesity']

entities_list: @entity4611 :: ('MESH:D010900', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary microadenoma']

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['macroorchidism']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary tumors']

entities_list: @entity1943 :: ('MESH:D013004', 'Chemical') :: ['somatostatin']

entities_list: @entity7961 :: ('MESH:C580003', 'Disease') :: ['panhypopituitarism']

answer: @entity977 :: (MESH:D010911,Disease) :: ['pituitary adenomas']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of @entity1478 during postmenopausal replacement therapy with @entity11347 , using an appropriate control group. DESIGN: A total of 485 postmenopausal @entity1 were included in this open, prospective, comparative study for a duration of 36 months. Of this group, 249 @entity1 received 2.5 mg/day of @entity11347 and 244 @entity1 served as controls, receiving continuous-combined @entity172 -progestogen therapy ( @entity101 ). Transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy, and directed biopsies were performed before treatment was initiated and at the end of the study. RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-one of the @entity1 receiving @entity11347 and 203 receiving continuous-combined @entity101 completed the study. @entity1478 were detected in 74 @entity1 (33.4%) from the @entity11347 group and in 22 @entity1 (10.8%) from the @entity101 group (P < 0.01). The @entity3556 rate did not differ between the groups. The frequency of @entity1127 was significantly higher in the @entity11347 group (P < 0.01). No difference was found in the size of the @entity1127 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity11347 increases by threefold the risk for @entity1478 .

title: XXXX and risk of @entity1478 : a prospective, comparative study with hormone therapy.

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity3556 :: ('MESH:D014592', 'Disease') :: ['vaginal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1127 :: ('MESH:D011127', 'Disease') :: ['atrophic polyps', 'polyps']

entities_list: @entity1478 :: ('MESH:D014591', 'Disease') :: ['Endometrial polyps', 'endometrial polyps']

entities_list: @entity11347 :: ('MESH:C027385', 'Chemical') :: ['Tibolone', 'tibolone']

answer: @entity11347 :: (MESH:C027385,Chemical) :: ['Tibolone']


abstract: @entity3264 ( @entity367 ) is a taste enhancer that contributes to the characteristic flavour of foods. In fruit of @entity523 ( @entity523 .), the @entity367 content increases dramatically during the ripening process, becoming the most abundant free @entity3689 when the fruit become red. There is also a concomitant increase in @entity2125 -dependent @entity3264 dehydrogenase ( @entity71827 ) activity during the ripening transition. This enzyme is located in the mitochondria and catalyses the reversible amination of @entity15706 to @entity367 . To investigate the potential effect of @entity71827 on @entity367 metabolism, the abundance of @entity71827 was altered by artificial microRNA technology. Efficient silencing of all the endogenous SlGDH genes was achieved, leading to a dramatic decrease in total @entity71827 activity. This decrease in @entity71827 activity did not lead to any clear morphological or metabolic phenotype in leaves or green fruit. However, red fruit on the transgenic plants showed markedly reduced levels of @entity367 and a large increase in @entity5906 , @entity413 and @entity948 content in comparison to wild-type fruit. These results suggest that @entity71827 is involved in the synthesis of @entity367 in @entity523 fruit during the ripening processes. This contrasts with the biological role ascribed to @entity71827 in many other tissues and species. Overall, these findings suggest that @entity71827 has a major effect on the control of metabolic composition during @entity523 fruit ripening, but not at other stages of development.

title: Reduced levels of @entity2125 -dependent XXXX dehydrogenase decrease the @entity3264 content of ripe @entity523 fruit but have no effect on green fruit or leaves.

entities_list: @entity3264 :: ('D018698', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate', 'Glutamate']

entities_list: @entity15706 :: ('MESH:C029743', 'Chemical') :: ['2-oxoglutarate']

entities_list: @entity948 :: ('MESH:D005632', 'Chemical') :: ['fructose']

entities_list: @entity523 :: ('4081', 'Species') :: ['Solanum lycopersicum L', 'tomato']

answer: @entity3264 :: (D018698,Chemical) :: ['glutamate']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Simultaneous inhibition of @entity3646 and @entity4047 via the common receptor chain @entity9597 to block adequately their biologic effects presents a promising therapeutic approach to give the additional relief required for @entity565 @entity1 . In this study, superparamagnetic @entity1933 nanoparticles were conjugated with anti- @entity9597 blocking antibodies via @entity968 ( @entity970 ) polymers. The delivery of these blocking antibodies to the inflammatory sites in the lung via the developed nanocarriers was assessed using noninvasive free-breathing pulmonary MRI. Biocompatibility assays confirmed the safety of the developed nanocarriers for pre-clinical investigations. For all the investigated formulations, nanocarriers were found to be very stable at neutral pH. However, the stability noticeably decreased with the @entity970 length in acidic environment and thus the loaded antibodies were preferentially released. Immunofluorescence and fluorimetry assays confirmed the binding of the nanocarriers to the @entity9597 @entity565 biomarker. Pulmonary MRI performed using an ultra-short echo time sequence allowed simultaneous noninvasive monitoring of inflammatory responses induced by @entity10328 challenge and tracking of the developed nanocarriers, which were found to colocalize with the inflammatory sites in the lung. Targeting of the developed nanocarriers to areas rich in @entity9597 positive inflammatory cells was confirmed using histological and flow cytometry analyses. The anti- @entity9597 -conjugated nanocarriers developed here have been confirmed to be efficient in targeting key inflammatory cells during chronic @entity55 following intrapulmonary administration. Targeting efficiency was monitored using noninvasive MRI, allowing detection of the nanocarriers' colocalizations with the inflammatory sites in the lung of @entity10328 -challenged asthmatic @entity19 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Specific targeting and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of an XXXX biomarker in the lung using @entity968 functionalized magnetic nanocarriers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['lung inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity968 :: ('MESH:D011092', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene glycol']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of treatment of slipped @entity4039 is an anatomically aligned epiphysis with normal blood supply. This result can be achieved by open subcapital reorientation of the epiphysis or by a wedge @entity2249 . Other procedures have, so far, not gained optimal control over the risk of @entity2530 . INDICATIONS: Acute epiphyseolysis. @entity102 for which trimming of the metaphyseal overhang to permit free flexion and @entity717 without impingement would leave less than two thirds of the femoral neck diameter intact. CONTRAINDICATIONS: @entity572 at an advanced stage. Destruction of the femoral head. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The blood supply to the epiphysis from the medial femoral circumflex artery can be preserved by surgical @entity572 and a soft-tissue flap derived subperiosteally from the retinaculum and external rotators. This soft-tissue flap permits not only the detachment of the epiphysis, but also complete callus resection from the femoral neck without causing tension in the retinaculum. Dislocation of the femoral head ensures its manual protection during curettage of the epiphyseal plate and, ultimately, allows anatomic reduction under visual control of the retinaculum. With the head dislocated there is less risk to the integrity of the retinaculum due to unintentional manipulation of the leg than there would be, if the head remained in the socket. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2005, 30 hips with a diagnosis of slipped @entity4039 were treated according to the technique described. The average follow-up time was 55 months (24-96 months). @entity2738 did not occur. Distribution across sexes was well balanced. @entity1 were 12 years old at the time of the operation and @entity1 were 14 years old on average. @entity572 was measured at 30-70 degrees. In six hips there was a so-called acute on chronic slip. Two hips required revision due to screw failure, a difficulty that was addressed by the introduction of fully threaded wires. One hip had to be revised because the fully threaded wire bent. After reoperation, shortening of maximum 1 cm was seen in these three cases. In one @entity1 with ectopic bone formation at the anteroinferior femoral neck, @entity717 in flexion is reduced by half.

title: Subcapital correction osteotomy in slipped @entity4039 by means of surgical XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy of the femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic epiphyseolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'Ankylosis of the hip joint', 'Posterior displacement']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['internal rotation']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity572 :: (MESH:D006617,Disease) :: ['hip dislocation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although increased reactive @entity26 species (ROS) is caused by stress accelerates collagen degradation, there was no data on the relationship between stress and urinary @entity720 ( @entity19487 ) and @entity1521 (Pro), a good marker of collagen degradation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between @entity308 , @entity148 , and stress (DAS) and concentrations of urinary @entity19487 and Pro. METHODS: 97 hospital employees aged 20 to 58 were asked to fill out comprehensive self-administrated questionnaires containing information about their medical history, lifestyle, length of the work year, shift-work and DAS. @entity308 @entity148 stress scale (DASS) was applied to evaluate chronic @entity146 . Urine samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with double derivatization for the assay of @entity720 and @entity1521 . RESULTS: The mean value of @entity19487 and Pro concentration in all subjects was 194.1    113.4  mol/g and 568.2    310.7  mol/g. DASS values and urinary Pro concentrations were differentiated by sex (female > male, p < 0.05) and type of job (nurse > others, p < 0.05). In the stepwise multiple linear regressions, urinary @entity19487 and Pro concentrations were influenced by stress (Adjusted r2 = 0.051) and @entity148 and job (Adjusted r2 = 0.199), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found that stress and @entity148 were correlated with urinary @entity19487 and Pro concentrations. To identifying a definite correlation, further study in large populations will be needed.

title: Relationship between @entity308 @entity148 stress scale (DASS) and urinary XXXX and @entity1521 concentrations in hospital workers.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['mental disorders']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity1521 :: ('CHEBI:26271', 'Chemical') :: ['proline']

answer: @entity720 :: (CHEBI:18095,Chemical) :: ['hydroxyproline']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity282 in endodontic therapy and its association with clinical factors such as gender, age, tooth type, pulpal diagnosis, and @entity158 , @entity10193 and sealer extrusion. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-Sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Dental section of the Aga khan university hospital, Karachi, Pakistan from January to December 2009. METHODOLOGY: One hundred and forty @entity1 (140) requiring endodontic therapy for @entity2651 were included in this study. Local Anesthesia (2% Lidocain with 1:80,000 Epinephrine) was administered. The tooth was isolated with rubber dam. Access cavity was prepared with the help of round carbide No. 2 bur. Canal preparation was completed using crown-down technique. Access was sealed with sterile dry @entity2708 pallet and restored temporarily with double layer of Glass ionomer cement and Cavit. After one week @entity1 were recalled and access was re-opened, obturation was done using cold lateral condensation technique. Ca(OH)(2) based sealer was used. Postoperative radiographs were taken. @entity1 were recalled after 24 hours and @entity158 was recorded using Visual analogue scale (VAS).Data was obtained on a structured Performa.   (2) test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: @entity158 was present in 42.9% of @entity1 . Females more frequently experienced @entity158 (65%) than males (35%). @entity158 was found to be significantly associated with @entity282 (p value < 0.001). Obturation length was not found to be significantly associated with @entity282 (p value 1.0). Sealer extrusion was not found to be significantly associated with postoperative (P value 0.547).

title: Factors associated with XXXX in endodontic therapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2651 :: ('MESH:D000848', 'Disease') :: ['molar and premolar teeth']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['postobturation pain', 'Pain', 'pain', 'preoperative pain', 'Preoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity10193 :: ('MESH:D006553', 'Disease') :: ['length of obturation']

answer: @entity282 :: (MESH:D010149,Disease) :: ['postoperative pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Data sourcesCochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science Conference Proceedings, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, US National Institutes of Health Trials Register (http://clinicaltrials.gov) and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform for ongoing trials. No language or year restrictions were used.Study selectionRandomised controlled trials assessing the effects of @entity8372 products on dental @entity1547 in @entity1 and adults.Data extraction and synthesisTwo review authors independently screened the results of the electronic searches, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Authors were contacted where possible for missing data or clarification where feasible. For continuous outcomes, means and standard deviations were used to obtain the mean difference and 95% confidence interval (CI). Continuous data was used to calculate prevented fractions (PF) and 95% CIs to summarise the percentage reduction in @entity1547 . For dichotomous outcomes, reported risk ratios (RR) and 95% CIs were used. As there were fewer than four studies included in the meta-analysis, a fixed effect model was used.ResultsTen studies were included with a total of 5903 @entity1 . One study was assessed as being at low risk of bias, two were assessed as unclear risk of bias with seven at high risk of bias. Over 2.5-3 years, low quality evidence demonstrated that with 4216 @entity1 analysed, a @entity1388 toothpaste with 10% @entity8372 (exact dosage unsure) reduced @entity1547 by 13% when compared to a @entity1388 only toothpaste. (PF -0.13, 95% CI -0.18 to -0.08. Remaining evidence of the use of @entity8372 in @entity1 has risk of bias and uncertainty of effect and was therefore insufficient to determine a benefit from @entity8372 . Four studies reported that there were no adverse effects from any of the interventions. Two studies reported similar rates of adverse effects between study arms. The remaining studies either mentioned adverse effects but did not report any usable data, or did not mention them at all. Adverse effects include sores in the mouth, cramps, bloating, @entity1142 , flatulence and loose stool or @entity294 .ConclusionsLow quality evidence suggested that @entity1388 toothpaste containing @entity8372 may be more effective than @entity1388 -only toothpaste for preventing @entity1547 in the permanent teeth of @entity1 . The effect estimate should be interpreted with caution due to high risk of bias and the fact that it was derived from two studies that were carried out by the same authors in the same population. The remaining evidence was low to very low quality and is insufficient to determine whether any other @entity8372 -containing products can prevent @entity1547 in @entity1 , older @entity1 or adults.

title: @entity8372 and XXXX prevention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

entities_list: @entity1388 :: ('MESH:D005459', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoride']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['caries']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Medial elbow ganglia have been reported in association with @entity7769 . This lesion is thought to occur rarely and has not been emphasized in the literature. The purposes of the present study are to report our experience with this lesion in order to elucidate its prevalence as well as its clinical and radiographic features, to describe our operative findings, and to present the results of surgical treatment. METHODS: Four hundred and eighty-seven elbows in 472 @entity1 were treated for @entity7769 between 1980 and 1999. We performed a retrospective study of the thirty-eight @entity1 who had a medial ganglion. All of the ganglia were excised, and the ulnar nerve was translocated subcutaneously. Thirty-two @entity1 were followed for a mean of thirty-seven months. RESULTS: Medial elbow ganglion was the third most common causative factor associated with @entity7769 , with an overall prevalence of 8%. Resting @entity158 in the medial aspect of the elbow was reported by twenty-five of the thirty-eight @entity1 , and a @entity2459 in the ring and little fingers or of medial @entity158 without prior symptoms was reported by twenty-nine @entity1 . The symptoms lasted two months or less in thirty-one @entity1 . All ganglia originated from the medial aspect of the ulnohumeral joint, and radiographs of that joint showed degenerative changes in thirty-seven @entity1 . At the time of follow-up, all measurements of sensory and motor function of the ulnar nerve had improved and no recurrence of @entity129 was found. CONCLUSIONS: Although uncommon, medial elbow ganglia have a strong association with @entity571 of the elbow and can cause a relatively acute onset of @entity7769 . A @entity1 with @entity7769 associated with @entity571 who complains of medial @entity158 or severe @entity1183 within two months after the onset of the syndrome should be strongly suspected of having a ganglion. Most ganglia are occult, and ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging can assist in the preoperative diagnosis. Careful excision of the ganglion performed concurrently with subcutaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve can produce satisfactory results.

title: @entity7769 associated with medial elbow Ganglia and XXXX of the elbow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['nerve palsy']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['elbow osteoarthritis', 'osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity7769 :: ('MESH:D020430', 'Disease') :: ['cubital tunnel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'elbow pain']

entities_list: @entity2459 :: ('MESH:D003639', 'Disease') :: ['sudden onset of numbness']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['osteoarthritis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The understanding of prognostic factors has facilitated stratification of risk groups in differentiated @entity259 . The prognostic factors have clearly identified the risk groups as low, intermediate, and high risk. Risk group categorization has facilitated a selective surgical approach for @entity259 . METHODS: A retrospective review of 228 @entity1 with follicular @entity259 was undertaken. Various prognostic factors and risk groups were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed, and the survival curves were plotted by the Kaplan-Meier method. Fifty-nine (26%) @entity1 presented with H  rthle cell histology. The risk groups revealed 62 @entity1 in the low, 84 in the intermediate, and 82 in the high risk groups. RESULTS: The 10-year survival for low, intermediate, and high risk groups was 98%, 88%, and 56%, respectively, and the 20-year survival for the same groups was 97%, 87%, and 49%, respectively. Adverse prognostic factors included age older than 45 years (p < 0.001), H  rthle cell variety (p = 0.05), extrathyroidal extension, @entity5 size exceeding 4 cm, and the presence or absence of distant @entity3 (p < 0.001). Gender, focality, and presence of lymph node @entity3 had no significant impact on prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 in the low risk group have excellent survival, whereas the high risk group behaves poorly. Appropriate selection of treatment for the @entity66 and adjuvant therapy should be considered on the basis of the prognostic factors and risk group analysis.

title: Prognostic factors and risk group analysis in follicular XXXX .

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['primary disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity259 :: ('MESH:D013964', 'Disease') :: ['thyroid carcinoma', 'carcinoma of the thyroid']

answer: @entity259 :: (MESH:D013964,Disease) :: ['carcinoma of the thyroid']


abstract: Although used extensively, there is little published information on the prognostic ability of exercise 201Tl scintigraphy. Accordingly, 1 yr after testing we contacted 819 @entity1 without previous MI or CABG seen in our laboratory during a 2-yr period. Events were defined as death from a cardiovascular cause, nonfatal MI, or worsening clinical state requiring CABG. The event rate was 3.9 events per 100 @entity1 per year. There was univariate prognostic information when comparing the highest and lowest categories as risk ratios for @entity662 characteristics (2.7), sex (2.3), exercise duration (3.1), ST slope (2.5), and @entity4214 pattern (11.6), intensity of perfusion defect (17.2), and number of abnormal regions (8.7). However, the strongest predictors were also the least common. Prognostic ability was improved by combining the results categorically, as the number of abnormal tests (13.9). The highest risk ratio, 20.5:1, was obtained by combining results through discriminant function analysis. We conclude that exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy provides prognostic information, although the most predictive patterns are uncommon. Combining the results of multiple test results improves the prognostic ability.

title: Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening @entity662 using XXXX scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Several studies have found a significant association between the presence of earlobe crease (ELC) and @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity (baPWV) is a non-invasive and useful measure of arterial stiffness predicting @entity65 and mortality. However, few studies have reported the relationship between ELC and baPWV as a new measure of arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ELC is related to baPWV in non-diabetic, non- @entity101 , and apparently healthy Korean adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 573 non- @entity101 , non-diabetic Korean adults aged 20-80 yr. Subjects were stratified into three groups according to gender and menopausal status. baPWV was measured by an automatic waveform analyser. The association between ELC and baPWV was assessed by multiple linear regression analysis after adjusting for conventional @entity65 risk factors including age, gender, blood pressure, lipid profile, and smoking status etc. RESULTS: The overall frequency of ELC was 19.02% and the subjects with ELC showed significantly higher mean baPWV (p<0.0001). Multiple linear regression of subjects revealed that the presence of ELC was independently associated with baPWV (male, p<0.0001; premenopausal female p=0.0162; postmenopausal female p=0.0208). CONCLUSION: ELC had a significant correlation with baPWV, independently controlling for other classical cardiovascular risk factors in adults aged 20 yr or older. ELC is an important surrogate marker of increased arterial stiffness as measured by baPWV in Korean adults.

title: Relationship Between Earlobe Crease and Brachial-ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in XXXX in Korea.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertensive']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease', 'CVD', 'cardiovascular events']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['Non-hypertensive, Non-diabetic Adults']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity901 , a third-generation @entity902 analogue, is a novel compound with proven anti- @entity5 activity in @entity14 . Moreover, @entity901 appears to be relatively well tolerated and easy to handle, even on an outpatient basis. @entity1 AND METHODS: Five advanced @entity14 @entity1 treated with @entity901 -based chemotherapy developed, after the end of @entity901 infusion, similar idiosyncratic reactions characterized by chills, high fever, @entity551 , @entity490 , @entity390 and often @entity294 . Venous blood for @entity650 and @entity310 assessment was drawn just after the beginning of the reaction and 15 and 30 minutes later. After drawing the third venous sample, intravenous @entity619 (8 mg) was administered and the drawing of other two venous samples was performed (180 and 360 minutes after the beginning of the reaction). RESULTS: @entity310 and @entity650 serum concentrations significantly decreased after @entity134 therapy administration. The decrease of @entity310 and @entity650 levels went along with the clinical complete regression of symptoms and signs in all the 5 @entity1 . No statistically significant correlation was found between other laboratory parameters and basal cytokine levels or cytokine decrease after @entity134 therapy. DISCUSSION: Our results clearly show that that idiosyncratic reaction observed in @entity14 @entity1 after @entity901 infusion may be due to a massive release of cytokines such as @entity310 and @entity650 . Symptom regression following @entity134 therapy administration went along with significant decrease of cytokines levels, confirming that @entity310 and @entity650 play a role in the pathogenesis of this reaction.

title: XXXX may induce cytokine-release syndrome in @entity14 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity901 :: ('MESH:C030110', 'Chemical') :: ['oxaliplatin', 'Oxaliplatin']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhoea']

entities_list: @entity619 :: ('MESH:D003907', 'Chemical') :: ['dexamethasone']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity490 :: ('MESH:D015746', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal pain']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotension']

entities_list: @entity902 :: ('MESH:D010984', 'Chemical') :: ['platinum']

answer: @entity901 :: (MESH:C030110,Chemical) :: ['Oxaliplatin']


abstract: The effects of @entity3584 on dimensions and ultrastructure of microvascular beds in @entity35 mesentery were studied in two kinds of experiment, administering the fixative by intra-arterial perfusion at a pressure of 80 mm Hg and by superfusion of the exteriorized mesenteric membrane. The microvascular segments were observed by means of intravital microscopy and recorded on videotape before, during, and after @entity3584 reached the microvascular segment being observed. Vascular outer diameters were measured at exactly the same points before and after fixation; in Epon embedded whole-mounts; and in sections analyzed by light and transmission electron microscopy, confirming positively the various segments of the microvascular bed and yielding information concerning the preservation of cellular components. Both experiments confirmed that neither perfusion nor superfusion of @entity3584 changes the outer diameter of any segment of the microvascular bed compared to the dimensions 5-10 sec before the blood vessels are reached by the fixative. They remain unaltered also after embedding in @entity990 resin. During superfusion, there is a 20-50 sec delay until the blood flow comes to a complete stop. This delay is assumed to give rise to the recorded small undulations of luminal endothelial cell membranes and slight buckling of the entire endothelial layer, probably due to a gradual fall in intravascular pressure. Occasionally, the ultrastructure of some endothelial cells is less well preserved after superfusion fixation. This study demonstrates that intraarterial perfusion of @entity3584 renders an instantaneous fixation of mesenteric microvessels, preserving the prefixation dimensions of the various segments and the ultrastructure of the cells. Superfusion of @entity3584 is slower in reaching the microvessels and may change slightly the appearance of the vascular wall, and cause some @entity73 , such as increased postcapillary leukocyte margination and extravasation.

title: Perfusion and superfusion fixation effects on XXXX mesentery microvascular beds. Intravital and electron microscope analyses.

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of microvascular functions']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to define the ideal number of @entity75 to be measured to assess disease response in @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy for @entity694 metastases to the liver. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity1 were recruited for this study. @entity1 were part of a multisite, randomized, double-arm, phase 3 clinical trial involving chemotherapy with an investigational drug for metastatic @entity694 . @entity1 were recruited from U.S. and international sites. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from all @entity1 . Our study included CT measurements of hepatic metastases. All @entity1 (n = 30) had a minimum of five @entity75 in the liver. @entity75 size was defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity5 (RECIST) criteria. We calculated the @entity1 response at 2 months and at 6 months (complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease) using RECIST. @entity1 response was calculated based on the percentage increase or decrease at 2 and 6 months in the greatest diameter of the single largest lesion, two large lesions, three large lesions, four lesions, and five lesions, respectively. The concordance between five-target-lesion measurement and lesser numbers of lesions was analyzed using kappa statistics (StatView, 5.0). RESULTS: In 93.33% of @entity1 (n = 28/30), there was agreement on @entity1 response irrespective of the number of measurements made on CT. Of these 30 @entity1 , 47% had a partial response (n = 14/30), 43% had stable disease (n = 13/30), and 10% had progressive disease at 2 months (n = 3/30). At 6 months, 43% had a partial response (n = 13/30), 47% had stable disease (n = 14/30), and 10% had progressive disease (n = 3/30). Agreement in response evaluation between lesion groups for multiple measurements was high, with values of 1.0 for multiple-lesion measurements and 0.88 for single-lesion measurements at 2 months. The concordance values were the same at 6 months. CONCLUSION: In the majority of @entity1 with hepatic metastases of @entity14 , measuring the maximal diameter of the single largest lesion yielded the same treatment-response classification as measuring up to five @entity75 . This result suggests that it may be possible to reduce the number of lesions measured in clinical trials.

title: CT of XXXX metastases to the liver using modified RECIST criteria: determining the ideal number of @entity75 to measure.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['target lesions', 'Target-lesion']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Solid Tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess risk and time trends of newly recorded @entity583 and @entity64 in cases with @entity785 . METHODS: We conducted a matched incident cohort study (1996-2010) among @entity1 satisfying at least one of the following: 1) diagnosis of @entity785 on at least 2 visits within a 2-year period by a nonrheumatologist physician; or 2) diagnosis of @entity785 on at least one visit by a rheumatologist or from hospitalization; as well as receiving no prior @entity785 diagnosis between 1990 and 1995. Ten controls were matched by birth year, sex, and calendar year of exposure from the general population for each case. Incident @entity583 , @entity64 , and @entity583 or @entity64 was recorded from hospital or death certificates. We estimated incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios (HRs) after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: Among 1239 individuals with @entity785 and no history of @entity583 (83% female, 56 years old), the incidence rate for @entity583 was 13.0/1000 @entity1 -years vs 4.1/1000 @entity1 -years in the comparison cohort. The incidence rate for @entity64 was 8.0/1000 @entity1 -years vs 3.7/1000 among controls. The adjusted HRs were 3.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.52-4.83) and 2.35 (95% CI, 1.59-3.48) for @entity583 and @entity64 , respectively. For @entity583 and @entity64 , the risk was highest within the first year following diagnosis (HR 8.95; 95% CI, 5.43-14.74 and HR 5.25; 95% CI, 2.90-9.53, respectively). CONCLUSION: This large general population-based study indicates an increased risk of @entity583 and @entity64 in @entity1 with @entity785 , especially within the first year of diagnosis.

title: Early Cardiovascular Disease After the Diagnosis of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'person']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity785 :: ('MESH:D012595', 'Disease') :: ['systemic sclerosis']

answer: @entity785 :: (MESH:D012595,Disease) :: ['Systemic Sclerosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obscure @entity360 (OGIB) is defined as persistent or recurrent @entity548 associated with negative findings on upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic evaluations. The diagnosis and management of @entity1 with OGIB is particularly challenging because of the length and complex loops of the small intestine. Capsule endoscopy (CE) is 1 diagnostic modality that is used to determine the etiology of @entity548 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this analysis was to review the diagnostic accuracy, safety, and impact on health outcomes of CE in @entity1 with OGIB in comparison with other diagnostic modalities. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid Embase, the Wiley Cochrane Library, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database, for studies published between 2007 and 2013. REVIEW METHODS: Data on diagnostic accuracy, safety, and impact on health outcomes were abstracted from included studies. Quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: The search yielded 1,189 citations, and 24 studies were included. Eight studies reported diagnostic accuracy comparing CE with other diagnostic modalities. Capsule endoscopy has a higher sensitivity and lower specificity than magnetic resonance enteroclysis, computed tomography, and push enteroscopy. Capsule endoscopy has a good safety profile with few adverse events, although comparative safety data with other diagnostic modalities are limited. Capsule endoscopy is associated with no difference in @entity1 health-related outcomes such as rebleeding or follow-up treatment compared with push enteroscopy, small-bowel follow-through, and angiography. LIMITATIONS: There was significant heterogeneity in estimates of diagnostic accuracy, which prohibited a statistical summary of findings. The analysis was also limited by the fact that there is no established reference standard to which the diagnostic accuracy of CE can be compared. CONCLUSIONS: There is very-low-quality evidence that CE has a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than other diagnostic modalities. Capsule endoscopy has few adverse events, with capsule retention being the most serious complication. Capsule endoscopy is perceived by @entity1 as less @entity158 and less burdensome compared with other modalities. There is low-quality evidence that @entity1 who undergo CE have similar rates of rebleeding, further therapeutic interventions, and hospitalization compared with other diagnostic modalities.

title: Capsule Endoscopy in the Assessment of Obscure XXXX : An Evidence-Based Analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity360 :: ('MESH:D006471', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

answer: @entity360 :: (MESH:D006471,Disease) :: ['Gastrointestinal Bleeding']


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) vs. repeat biopsy in detection of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) in @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy. METHODS: A decision tree model compared the strategy of office-based transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) for @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy with a strategy of initial MP-MRI with TRUS performed only in cases of abnormal results on imaging. Study end points were cost, number of biopsies, and @entity5 detected. Cost was based on Medicare reimbursement. @entity532 were incorporated into analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying model assumptions. RESULTS: The baseline model with 24% @entity263 found that the overall cost for 100 @entity1 was  90,400 and  87,700 for TRUS and MP-MRI arms, respectively. The MP-MRI arm resulted in 73 fewer biopsies per 100 @entity1 but detected 4 fewer @entity5 (16 vs. 20.4) than the TRUS arm did. A lower risk of @entity263 resulted in lower costs for the MP-MRI arm and a small difference in detected @entity5 . At lower @entity5 rates, MP-MRI is superior to TRUS over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity of MRI. A lower sensitivity of MP-MRI decreases the cost of the MP-MRI, as fewer biopsies are performed, but this also reduces the number of @entity5 detected. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MP-MRI to select @entity1 for repeat biopsy reduced the number of biopsies needed by 73% but resulted in a few @entity5 being missed at lower cost when compared with the TRUS arm. Further studies are required to determine whether @entity5 missed represent clinically significant @entity5 .

title: Decision analysis model comparing cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. repeat biopsy for detection of XXXX in @entity1 with prior negative findings on biopsy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Cost of sepsis and minor complications']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'cancer', 'tumors']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported that post-mortem heparinization by closed-chest cardiac massage is beneficial in lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors by preventing formation of microthrombi. In this study, we evaluated the optimal time for post-mortem heparinization in @entity235 lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors. METHODS: Left lung transplantation was performed in 25 weight-matched pairs of mongrel @entity235 . Donors were killed with an intravenous injection of @entity4337 and left at room temperature for 2 hours. The cadaver donors were assigned randomly to one of five study groups. In Group H0, @entity6950 (1,000 U/kg) was given intravenously before @entity1167 . In Groups H10, H30, H45 and H60, @entity6950 (1,000 U/kg) was given intravenously 10, 30, 45 and 60 minutes after @entity1167 , respectively, followed by closed-chest cardiac massage for 2 minutes. After 2 hours of @entity1167 , donor lungs were flushed with low- @entity972 dextran @entity413 solution and preserved for 60 minutes. After left lung allotransplantation, the right pulmonary artery was ligated, and recipient animals were followed up for 3 hours. Uni- and multivariate repeat analyses were utilized for statistical assessment. RESULTS: After transplantation, gas exchange was significantly worse in Groups H45 and H60 than in Groups H0, H10 and H30. Thrombin/anti-thrombin III complex concentration during warm @entity63 was significantly higher in Groups H30, H45 and H60 than in Groups H0 and H10. CONCLUSIONS: The optimal time for post-mortem heparinization in lung transplantation from non-heart-beating donors is approximately 30 minutes after @entity1167 .

title: Optimal time for post-mortem heparinization in XXXX lung transplantation with non-heart-beating donors.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity6950 :: ('MESH:D006493', 'Chemical') :: ['heparin sodium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity1167 :: ('MESH:D006323', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac arrest']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Identifying protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is essential for elucidating protein functions and understanding the molecular mechanisms inside the cell. However, the experimental methods for detecting PPIs are both time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, computational prediction of protein interactions are becoming increasingly popular, which can provide an inexpensive way of predicting the most likely set of interactions at the entire proteome scale, and can be used to complement experimental approaches. Although much progress has already been achieved in this direction, the problem is still far from being solved and new approaches are still required to overcome the limitations of the current prediction models. RESULTS: In this work, a sequence-based approach is developed by combining a novel @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) feature representation and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The @entity2653 representation gives adequate consideration to the interactions between sequentially distant but spatially close @entity535 residues, thus it can sufficiently capture multiple overlapping continuous and discontinuous binding patterns within a protein sequence. An effective feature selection method mRMR was employed to construct an optimized and more discriminative feature set by excluding redundant features. Finally, a prediction model is trained and tested based on SVM algorithm to predict the interaction probability of protein pairs. CONCLUSIONS: When performed on the @entity375 PPIs data set, the proposed approach achieved 91.36% prediction accuracy with 91.94% precision at the sensitivity of 90.67%. Extensive experiments are conducted to compare our method with the existing sequence-based method. Experimental results show that the performance of our predictor is better than several other state-of-the-art predictors, whose average prediction accuracy is 84.91%, sensitivity is 83.24%, and precision is 86.12%. Achieved results show that the proposed approach is very promising for predicting PPI, so it can be a useful supplementary tool for future proteomics studies. The source code and the datasets are freely available at http://csse.szu.edu.cn/staff/youzh/MCDPPI.zip for academic use.

title: Prediction of protein-protein interactions from XXXX sequences using a novel multi-scale continuous and discontinuous feature set.

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2653 :: ('MESH:C538175', 'Disease') :: ['MCD', 'Multi-scale Continuous and Discontinuous']

answer: @entity535 :: (CHEBI:33704,Chemical) :: ['amino acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a frequent complication of @entity82 and it has been associated to more severe disease and development of complications. Phase angle is a bedside reliable tool for nutritional assessment based on conductivity properties of body tissues. AIM: To evaluate the association between @entity3147 assessed through phase angle and mortality in @entity1 with @entity1575 . METHODS: We performed a prospective cohort study in a tertiary care centre; 249 @entity1 were enrolled with 48 months of follow-up. Clinical, nutritional ( @entity3147 =phase angle <=4.9  ) and biochemical evaluations were performed. Student's t-test and   (2) method were used as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression were used to evaluate mortality. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 33.5 months. Survival analysis showed higher mortality in the malnourished group compared to the well-nourished group (p=0.076), Kaplan-Meier curves were further stratified according to compensated and decompensated status showing higher mortality in compensated @entity1 according to @entity1 -Pugh (p=0.002) and Model for End-Stage @entity409 score (p=0.008) when @entity3147 was present. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity3147 was independently associated with mortality (HR=2.15, 1.18-3.92). CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort, @entity3147 was independently associated with mortality. This is the first study showing higher mortality in malnourished compensated cirrhotic @entity1 .

title: Malnutrition assessed through phase angle and its relation to prognosis in @entity1 with compensated XXXX : A prospective cohort study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver Disease']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver cirrhosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity299 is a known potential complication of @entity281 . Because U.S. veterans cared for at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs are older and have more @entity65 ( @entity65 ) risk factors than the general U.S. population, veterans are at risk for @entity299 of @entity281 . We investigated biomarkers of @entity299 characteristics and associated @entity299 among veterans who received cardiac biomarker testing  <=30  days after laboratory-confirmed @entity778 . METHODS: Laboratory-confirmed @entity683 cases among veterans cared for at U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' facilities for October 2010-December 2012 were identified using electronic medical records (EMRs). Influenza confirmation was based on respiratory specimen viral culture or antigen or nucleic acid detection. Acute @entity299 (ACI) was defined as an elevated cardiac biomarker (troponin I or @entity1011 kinase isoenzyme MB) >99  % of the upper reference limit occurring  <=30  days after @entity683 specimen collection. EMRs were reviewed for demographics, @entity65 history and risk factors, and ACI-associated @entity299 . RESULTS: Among 38,197 @entity1 with @entity683 testing results, 4,469 (12  %) had a positive result; 600 of those @entity1 had cardiac biomarker testing performed  <=30  days after @entity683 testing, and 143 (24  %) had one or more elevated cardiac biomarkers. Among these 143, median age was 73  years (range 44-98 years), and 98 (69  %) were non-Hispanic white. All @entity1 had one or more @entity65 risk factors, and 98 (69  %) had a history of @entity65 . Eighty-six percent of ACI-associated events occurred within 3  days of @entity683 specimen collection date. Seventy @entity1 (49  %) had documented or probable acute @entity583 , 8 (6  %) acute @entity712 , 6 (4  %) @entity2401 , and 4 (3  %) @entity955 . Eleven (8  %) had non-cardiac explanations for elevated cardiac biomarkers, and 44 (31  %) had no documented explanation. Sixty-eight (48  %) @entity1 had received @entity683 vaccination during the related @entity683 season. CONCLUSION: Among veterans with laboratory-confirmed @entity281 and cardiac biomarker testing  <=30  days after @entity683 testing, approximately 25  % had evidence of ACI, the majority within 3  days. Approximately half were @entity583 . Our findings emphasize the importance of considering ACI associated with @entity281 among @entity1 at high risk, including this older population with prevalent @entity65 risk factors.

title: Acute XXXX events  <=30  days after laboratory-confirmed @entity778 among U.S. veterans, 2010-2012.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity778 :: ('MESH:D015658', 'Disease') :: ['influenza virus infection']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['influenza infection']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac injury', 'cardiac injury', 'cardiac events', 'cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['cardiac injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5136 containing regimens have been proposed as potentially valuable alternatives for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity6371 ( @entity6371 ) or extensively @entity5295 ( @entity5295 ). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of @entity5136 for @entity5295 ( @entity5295 ) treatment. We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trial Registry, PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), database up to May 2014 to identify studies providing data of the use of @entity5136 for the treatment of @entity5295 . RESULTS: The search yielded 15 studies (367 @entity1 ) including one randomized controlled trial (RCT), covering 239 @entity1 who could be evaluated for effectiveness; 83% [95% confidence interval (CI), 75-90%; I(2)=62.8%] had a favorable outcome, defined as either cure or treatment completion. The pooled rate of culture conversion was 89% (95% CI, 83-95%; I(2)=49.6%). Between the group receiving daily @entity5136 doses of  <=600 or >600 mg, the mortality was considerably lower in @entity1 treated with less than 600 mg/day (P value <0.001). Of 367 @entity1 for whom data on safety was available, @entity1897 (31%, 95% CI, 19-42%; I(2)=81.7%) and @entity417 (25%, 95% CI, 15-34%; I(2)=76.6%) were the main adverse effects. @entity1 receiving less than 600 mg/day were more likely to experience nervous system adverse events (P value <0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence suggests that @entity5136 could be considered as a promising option as treatment of MDR/XDR @entity5295 . Randomized trials are warranted to define the dose and frequency of administration.

title: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of therapy with XXXX containing regimens in the treatment of multidrug-resistant and extensively @entity6371 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patients']

entities_list: @entity6371 :: ('MESH:D018088', 'Disease') :: ['MDR-TB', 'multidrug-resistant tuberculosis']

entities_list: @entity5295 :: ('MESH:D054908', 'Disease') :: ['XDR-TB', 'drug-resistant TB', 'TB', 'DR-TB']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity5136 :: ('MESH:C098010', 'Chemical') :: ['linezolid', 'Linezolid']

answer: @entity5136 :: (MESH:C098010,Chemical) :: ['linezolid']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity66 ( @entity66 ) stimulates autophagy in different cellular systems, but it remains controversial if this rule can be generalized. We have analyzed the effect of chronic @entity66 induced by the @entity191 toxin @entity6453 (PQ) on autophagy in @entity816 cells and primary astrocytes, which represent the first cellular target of neurotoxins in the brain. PQ decreased the basal levels of @entity21684 -II and @entity21684 -positive vesicles, and its colocalization with lysosomal markers, both in the absence and presence of @entity503 . This was paralleled by increased number and size of @entity16402 / @entity16402 aggregates. Downregulation of autophagy was also observed in cells chronically exposed to @entity273 or nonlethal concentrations of PQ, and it was associated with a reduced astrocyte capability to protect dopaminergic cells from @entity66 in co-cultures. Surprisingly, PQ treatment led to inhibition of @entity19213 , activation of @entity4675 / @entity4675 and @entity3963 / @entity3963 - @entity12206 / @entity12206 and upregulation of @entity8783 / @entity8783 expression, all signals typically correlating with induction of autophagy. Reduction of @entity66 by NMDPEF, a specific @entity64277 inhibitor, but not by @entity898 , abrogated the inhibitory effect of PQ and restored autophagic flux. Activation of @entity64277 by PQ or @entity8197 and genetic manipulation of its expression confirmed the role of this enzyme in the inhibitory action of PQ on autophagy. PQ did not induce @entity13791 / @entity13791 , but when it was co-administered with NMDPEF @entity13791 activity was enhanced in a @entity16402 -independent fashion. Thus, a prolonged @entity66 in astrocytes inhibits @entity21684 lipidation and impairs autophagosome formation and autophagic flux, in spite of concomitant activation of several pro-autophagic signals. These findings outline an unanticipated neuroprotective role of astrocyte autophagy and identify in @entity64277 a novel pharmacological target for its positive modulation.

title: Parkinsonian toxin-induced oxidative stress inhibits basal autophagy in astrocytes via XXXX /quinone oxidoreductase 2: Implications for neuroprotection.

entities_list: @entity6453 :: ('MESH:D010269', 'Chemical') :: ['paraquat']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity8197 :: ('MESH:D024483', 'Chemical') :: ['menadione']

entities_list: @entity898 :: ('MESH:D000111', 'Chemical') :: ['N-acetylcysteine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['parkinsonian']

entities_list: @entity273 :: ('MESH:D006861', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen peroxide']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

entities_list: @entity503 :: ('MESH:D002738', 'Chemical') :: ['chloroquine']

answer: @entity64277 :: (4835,Gene) :: ['NQO2']


abstract: Glucose and amino acids are key nutrients supporting cell growth. Amino acids are imported as monomers, but an alternative route induced by oncogenic @entity984 involves uptake of extracellular proteins via macropinocytosis and subsequent lysosomal degradation of these proteins as a source of amino acids. In this study, we examined the metabolism of @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ), a poorly vascularized lethal @entity984 -driven malignancy. Metabolomic comparisons of @entity1 @entity1124 and benign adjacent tissue revealed that @entity5 tissue was low in glucose, upper glycolytic intermediates, creatine phosphate, and the amino acids glutamine and serine, two major metabolic substrates. Surprisingly, @entity1124 accumulated essential amino acids. Such accumulation could arise from extracellular proteins being degraded through macropinocytosis in quantities necessary to meet glutamine requirements, which in turn produces excess of most other amino acids. Consistent with this hypothesis, active macropinocytosis is observed in primary @entity1 @entity1124 specimens. Moreover, in the presence of physiologic albumin, we found that cultured @entity19 @entity1124 cells grow indefinitely in media lacking single essential amino acids and replicate once in the absence of free amino acids. Growth under these conditions was characterized by simultaneous glutamine depletion and essential amino acid accumulation. Overall, our findings argue that the scavenging of extracellular proteins is an important mode of nutrient uptake in @entity1124 . @entity5 Res; 75(3); 544-53.   2014 AACR.

title: XXXX pancreatic cancer tumors are nutrient poor and @entity5 cells actively scavenge extracellular protein.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDAC', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There is no consensus on a diagnostic strategy for @entity4034 underlying @entity6227 . We conducted a prospective study to assess the accuracy of multiple bone biopsies and imaging to diagnose pelvic @entity4034 . @entity1 with clinically suspected @entity4034 beneath pelvic @entity6227 were enrolled. Bone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical bone biopsies (three or more for microbiology and one for histology per @entity1066 ) were performed. @entity2348 diagnosis relied upon the association of positive histology and microbiology (at least one positive culture for non-commensal microorganisms or three or more for commensal microorganisms of the skin). From 2011 to 2014, 34 @entity1 with 44 @entity6227 were included. @entity2348 was diagnosed for 28 (82.3%) @entity1 and 35 (79.5%) @entity1066 according to the composite criterion. Discrepancy was observed between histology and microbiology for 5 (11.4%) @entity1066 . Most common isolates were @entity794 (77.1%), Peptostreptococcus (48.6%) and Bacteroides (40%), cultured in three or more samples in 42.9% of @entity1066 for @entity794 and >= 20% for anaerobes. Only 2.8% of @entity1066 had three or more positive specimens with coagulase-negative staphylococci, group B Streptococcus, and nil with enterococci and @entity796 . @entity794 , @entity795 and group milleri Streptococcus were recovered from one sample in 22.8%, 11.4% and 11.4% of @entity1066 , respectively. Agreement was poor between biopsies and MRI (k 0.2). Sensitivity of MRI was 94.3% and specificity was 22.2%. The diagnosis of pelvic @entity4034 relies on multiple surgical bone biopsies with microbiological and histological analyses. At least three bone samples allows the detection of pathogens and exclusion of contaminants. MRI is not routinely useful for diagnosis.

title: Diagnosing pelvic @entity6227 in spinal cord injured XXXX : a prospective study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity4034 :: ('MESH:D010019', 'Disease') :: ['osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity2348 :: ('MESH:D001424', 'Disease') :: ['Bacterial osteomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus', 'S.  aureus']

entities_list: @entity6227 :: ('MESH:D003668', 'Disease') :: ['pressure ulcers']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion tensor imaging measures the proton diffusivity and preferential orientation of the diffusion tensor. @entity8019 is a @entity17 for which therapy depends on the onset and extension of @entity17 . We investigated the ability of diffusion tensor imaging to detect changes in the @entity17 and in the normal appearing white matter. METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging of three related @entity1 with @entity8019 and seven age-matched control @entity1 was performed. Isotropic diffusion (D') and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were determined in 18 regions of interest in the white matter of both hemispheres. RESULTS: In all the demyelinated white matter areas, a pattern with increased D' and loss of FA was found. For example, mean D' was 1.772 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in @entity1 2 with @entity62 and was 0.693 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in control @entity1 (P =.01). In the same region, mean FA was 0.103 (0.464 in control @entity1 , P <.0001). Significant alterations of D' and FA were also observed in normal appearing white matter. For example, mean D' was 0.802 x 10(-3)mm(2)/s in the parietal white matter of @entity1 1 with no visible alterations on T2-weighted images (0.715 x 10(-3) mm(2)/s in control @entity1 , P =.03), whereas mean FA was 0.320 (0.400 in control @entity1 , P =.003). CONCLUSION: Elevated D' and loss of FA revealed by diffusion tensor imaging are consistent with severe @entity17 in @entity1 with @entity8019 . Significant alterations of D' and FA in normal appearing white matter may indicate @entity17 in areas that are not yet visibly altered on conventional MR images. Further evaluation in a larger series of @entity1 and long-term study are needed.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging in cases of XXXX : preliminary experience as a marker for @entity17 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'boys']

entities_list: @entity17 :: ('MESH:D003711', 'Disease') :: ['early demyelination', 'demyelinating disease', 'demyelination', 'demyelinated lesions']

entities_list: @entity8019 :: ('MESH:D000326', 'Disease') :: ['X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy']

entities_list: @entity62 :: ('MESH:D056784', 'Disease') :: ['blindness and extensive demyelination of the occipital white matter']

answer: @entity8019 :: (MESH:D000326,Disease) :: ['adrenoleukodystrophy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the most efficient time point and concentration of topical corticosteroids in @entity5132 keratitis treated with @entity2380 . METHODS: Corneas of 105 @entity95 were infected with viable @entity375 cells of @entity5132 (2.5 x 10(5)). After a 48-hour incubation period, seven groups of animals were treated for 21 days with @entity2380 , with group I acting as a control, and groups II to VII receiving adjunct therapy with the corticosteroid @entity617 (5 or 10 times daily; 3, 9, or 15 days after @entity281 ). The degree of @entity2687 , ulceration, corneal clouding, hypopyon, @entity2024 , @entity2295 , and corneal perforation was monitored over a 24-day period, as well as recultivation and resistance to @entity2380 of the @entity5132 pathogen. RESULTS: The control group showed the highest level of corneal clouding and @entity2295 . In comparison, by day 24, the majority of groups also treated with @entity617 displayed significantly less corneal clouding and @entity2295 . An immediate decrease in corneal clouding was observed in groups treated with additional low- or high-dose @entity617 from day 9 after inoculation. After additional @entity617 treatment from day 9 or 15 after inoculation, no significant difference was detected in the recultivation rate of @entity5132 compared with the control. Early administration of @entity617 (day 3, low and high dose) resulted in the recultivation of significantly more @entity5132 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2380 plus adjunct high-dose @entity617 treatment was most effective when administered 9 days after @entity281 . The delayed application of corticosteroids after treatment with antimycotic drugs in cases of @entity364 is therefore not contraindicated and may be beneficial in @entity1 .

title: Combined topical XXXX and corticosteroid treatment for experimental @entity5132 keratomycosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity2295 :: ('MESH:D015861', 'Disease') :: ['neovascularization']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['Candida albicans', 'C. albicans']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal keratitis']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infiltration']

entities_list: @entity2024 :: ('MESH:D003231', 'Disease') :: ['conjunctivitis']

entities_list: @entity617 :: ('MESH:D011239', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisolone']

answer: @entity2380 :: (MESH:D015725,Chemical) :: ['fluconazole']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested a strong association between @entity27 ( @entity27 ) and @entity955 ( @entity955 ). However, the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on reverse @entity13678 in @entity1 with @entity27 is poorly understood. We aimed to determine the impact of CPAP therapy on total atrial conduction time measured by PA tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) interval in @entity1 without history of @entity955 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-five @entity1 with first diagnosed @entity27 (group 1) and 20 reference @entity1 without @entity27 (group 2) were prospectively enrolled. Group 1 was divided into 25 @entity1 with starting CPAP therapy (intervention group) and 10 @entity1 without CPAP therapy (control group). PA-TDI interval, measured by tissue Doppler imaging, and @entity3876 ( @entity3876 ) were determined at baseline and repeated after 30 days in group 1. @entity1 with @entity27 had a significantly longer PA-TDI interval (131.4  16.0ms vs. 120.1  6.4ms, p<0.001) compared to reference @entity1 . PA-TDI interval shortened significantly after 30 days of CPAP therapy (131  17.1ms vs. 124.6  15.7ms, p<0.001), whereas no significant change was found in the control group (132.6  13.6ms vs. 133.2  13.1ms, p=0.31) and @entity3876 -levels decreased significantly (39.1  50.7pg/ml vs. 28.2  42.4pg/ml, p<0.01), while @entity3876 -levels remained unaffected after 30 days in control group (31.5  20pg/ml vs. 34.4  20.5pg/ml, p=0.41). CONCLUSIONS: Change in PA-TDI interval, as an indirect surrogate marker of @entity13678 , suggests reverse @entity13678 in @entity1 with @entity27 and treated by CPAP. This effect may ensue from decreased atrial pressure or @entity1284 , as indicated by significantly reduced @entity3876 levels. These observations suggest that the substrate pre-disposing to @entity955 may be reversible and moreover can be measured by PA-TDI interval and @entity3876 .

title: Reverse Remodelling of the Atria After Treatment of XXXX with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure: Evidence from Electro-mechanical and Endocrine Markers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity13678 :: ('MESH:D064752', 'Disease') :: ['atrial remodelling']

entities_list: @entity3876 :: ('4879', 'Gene') :: ['BNP', 'B-type natriuretic-peptide']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnoea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1284 :: ('MESH:D019190', 'Disease') :: ['volume overload']

answer: @entity27 :: (MESH:D020181,Disease) :: ['Obstructive Sleep Apnoea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic dissections involving the descending aorta are a major clinical problem in @entity1 with @entity1614 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to identify clinical parameters associated with @entity1580 and to develop a risk model to predict @entity1580 in @entity1 with @entity1614 . METHODS: @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity1614 and magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomographic imaging of the aorta were followed for a median of 6 years for the occurrence of type B dissection or the combined end point of @entity1580 , distal aortic surgery, and @entity204 . A model using various clinical parameters as well as genotyping was developed to predict the risk for type B dissection in @entity1 with @entity1614 . RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2013, 54 type B aortic dissections occurred in 600 @entity1 with @entity1614 (mean age 36    14 years, 52% male). Independent variables associated with @entity1580 were prior prophylactic aortic surgery (hazard ratio: 2.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.2 to 3.8; p  = 0.010) and a proximal descending aorta diameter  >= 27 mm (hazard ratio: 2.2; 95% confidence interval: 1.1 to 4.3; p  = 0.020). In the risk model, the 10-year occurrence of @entity1580 in low-, moderate-, and high-risk @entity1 was 6%, 19%, and 34%, respectively. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy was associated with fewer type B aortic dissections (hazard ratio: 0.3; 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 0.9; p  = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity1614 with prior prophylactic aortic surgery are at substantial risk for @entity1580 , even when the descending aorta is only slightly dilated. Angiotensin II receptor blocker therapy may be  protective in the prevention of type B aortic dissections.

title: The risk for @entity1580 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ['Marfan  syndrome', 'Marfan syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['type B aortic dissection']

answer: @entity1614 :: (MESH:D008382,Disease) :: ['marfan syndrome']