abstract: OBJECTIVES: Expression of the cell-cell adhesion molecules @entity5962 and @entity25664 seems closely related to @entity5 invasiveness. The relationship between the expression and clinicopathologic characteristics in surgically resected @entity1149 of 3 cm or less in size was studied. The relationship to @entity1 survival was analyzed. METHODS: A total of 115 @entity1 with surgically resected @entity2 of 3 cm or less in size were enrolled in this study. Expression of @entity5962 and @entity25664 was immunohistochemically measured. The chi(2) test was used to correlate this expression with clinicopathologic parameters. Their influence on @entity1 survival was evaluated with the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between @entity5962 and catenin expression in @entity2 . In general, @entity5962 and catenin expression were greater in @entity5 that were either @entity133 or @entity420 , well differentiated, early stage, peripheral, and without vascular or @entity3 . By using multicovariate analysis of @entity1 survival, only early-stage and @entity1263 were significantly favorable prognostic factors. Further analysis of the group of @entity1 with early-stage disease showed that higher alpha-, beta-, or gamma-catenin expression was a favorable prognostic indicator. CONCLUSION: Expression of alpha-, beta-, or gamma-catenin can be used as a prognostic indicator in @entity1 with surgically resected stage I @entity1149 of 3 cm or less in size.

title: The significance of @entity5962 and XXXX expression in surgically treated @entity1149 of 3 cm or less in size.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1263 :: ('MESH:D010524', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers']

entities_list: @entity133 :: ('MESH:D002282', 'Disease') :: ['bronchioloalveolar carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['pleural invasion']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity25664 :: (1495;1499,Gene) :: ['alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extended periods of haemodialysis (HD) can improve @entity1 outcomes. @entity7965 ( @entity7965 ) should be explored as a method of offering extended periods of HD to @entity1 unsuitable for or unable to perform home therapy. METHODS: Ten self-selecting, prevalent HD @entity1 started an @entity7965 programme to assess feasibility and @entity1 satisfaction. Quality-of-life (QOL) measures were evaluated at enrolment and after 4 months of @entity7965 using the EQ-5D, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity308 Scale (HADS) and the SF-12 questionnaires. Demographic, biochemical and haematological data and data on dialysis adequacy were collected before starting @entity7965 and after 4 months. RESULTS: Three of the 10 @entity1 failed to complete the 2-week run-in period. Seven @entity1 completed the 4-month programme, with mean dialysis time of 355    43.92 min throughout the period. The EQ-5D visual analogue score improved from 48    16.89 to 72    13.2 (P = 0.003) and the HADS @entity148 score decreased from 9    5.83 to 3.57    3.04 (P = 0.029). The @entity1133 reduction ratio improved from 71.57    2.29% to 80.43    3.101% (P < 0.001), with improvements in @entity4613 control, reducing to within the target range from 1.73    0.6 to 1.2    0.2 (P = 0.08). Ultrafiltration (UF) volumes increased during the study from 2000    510 to 2606    343 mL (P = 0.015); there was a significant reduction in mean UF rate adjusted for body weight from 6.47    1.71 to 4.61    1.59 mL/kg/h (P = 0.032). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the significance of these results. CONCLUSIONS: This single-centre study showed a 4-month programme of extended hours @entity7965 is safe and associated with improvements in QOL measures, decreased UF rates and measures of dialysis adequacy. These data have been used to expand our service and inform the design of future randomized controlled trials to examine medical endpoints.

title: A 4-month programme of in-centre nocturnal haemodialysis was associated with improvements in XXXX outcomes.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['In-centre nocturnal haemodialysis', 'INHD']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: In the objective examination of aortic histology, each position observed in a sample can be classed as having or not having atheronecrosis, and each aorta can be scored as affected in a measured percentage of the sample. Positions not having @entity39 can be measured for intimal thickness and the mean of those measurements is an estimate of the quantity of intimal @entity3385 . Both atheronecrosis and @entity3385 , measured in these ways, increase with age. Within age groups these two variables are correlated with each other. By multivariate statistical methods, independent variation of the two variables among populations was assessed. Populations compared were from Bogota, Durban (Bantu and Indian), Manila, Mexico, New Orleans (Negro and White) and Sao Paulo. Manila ranked highest on the quantity of @entity3385 and Durban Bantu lowest. Sao Paulo ranked highest on the extent of atheronecrosis and New Orleans Negro was lowest. The two variables assorted among the eight populations independently of each other to a large degree, suggesting that @entity3385 and atheronecrosis are at least in part subject to separate and independent causes. The numbers of smooth muscle cells and the extent of foam cell infiltration did not differ significantly between @entity731 related and basal cause of death groups. These cellularity measures were, with minor exceptions, not significantly different among populations, suggesting that they are inherent @entity1 characteristics largely unaffected by environmental circumstances.

title: Histometric components of XXXX which vary or remain constant among eight populations.

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity3385 :: ('MESH:D012178', 'Disease') :: ['fibroplasia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['aortic atherosclerosis']


abstract: This study investigated the antioxidant effects of pecan nut (Carya illinoensis) shell aqueous extract (AE) on @entity137 induced by @entity786 (CP) in the heart, kidney, liver, bladder, plasma and erythrocytes of @entity35 . @entity35 were treated with water or pecan shell AE (5%) ad libitum, replacing drinking water for 37 days up to the end of the experiment. On day 30, half of each group received a single administration of vehicle or CP 200 mg/kg-ip. After 7 days, the organs were removed. @entity35 treated with CP showed an increase in lipid peroxidation (LP) and decrease in @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ) levels in all structures. @entity12609 ( @entity12609 ) activity was increased in the heart and @entity8 . Besides, CP treatment decreased plasmatic @entity620 (VIT C) levels and induced bladder macroscopical and microscopical damages. In contrast, co-treatment with pecan shell AE prevented the LP development and the @entity2197 depletion in all structures, except in the heart and plasma, respectively. @entity12609 activity in the heart and liver as well as the plasmatic VIT C levels remained unchanged. Finally, AE prevented CP-induced @entity1494 . These findings revealed the protective role of pecan shell AE in CP-induced multiple organ @entity137 .

title: Protective effects of a by-product of the pecan nut industry (Carya illinoensis) on the @entity137 induced by XXXX in @entity35 Carya illinoensis protects against @entity786 -induced @entity137 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['decreased in liver and kidney']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder injury']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity2041 :: ('MESH:D005978', 'Chemical') :: ['reduced glutathione']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

answer: @entity786 :: (MESH:D003520,Chemical) :: ['cyclophosphamide']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies on kidney transplantation have thus far mainly dealt with surgical techniques, immunology, and transplant tolerance. Disturbed mineral metabolism after renal denervation has not received much attention. Basic physiological research in short-term experiments has shown that experimental renal denervation in @entity35 leads to parathormone ( @entity4727 )-independent @entity14104 ( @entity14104 ). @entity14104 and other metabolic complications also have been described after clinical kidney transplantation. Furthermore, there is an unexpected increase in the risk of @entity174 . However, these studies have examined an organism pre-damaged with regard to the parathyroid and immunosuppression. Experimental investigations in syngeneic @entity35 were performed to see whether @entity14104 also occurs after transplantation and thus after denervation and which target organs are involved. METHODS: Thirty-six male Lewis @entity35 subjected to laparotomy (n = 12), unilateral nephrectomy (n = 12), or unilateral transplantation and bilateral nephrectomy (n = 12) were observed for 18 weeks. RESULTS: Animals that underwent transplantation had a significant loss of @entity1391 in the urine not associated with decreased @entity460 , @entity1391 , or @entity1760 in bone. Stability test showed no deterioration, despite a slight increase in the bone parameters of alkaline phosphatase, @entity1919 , and @entity720 with unchanged calciotropic hormones. @entity11604 was not observed. Parallel to @entity14104 , there was a compensatory reduction in fecal @entity1391 excretion. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of @entity1391 after clinical kidney transplantation in the predamaged parathyroid hormone control system as well as immunosuppression and a surprising increase in the incidence of @entity174 may be explained by the denervation-related loss of @entity1391 . The lack of intestinal counter-regulation could be an important pathomechanism.

title: @entity14104 after kidney transplantation in syngeneic @entity35 : effects on XXXX and bone metabolism?

entities_list: @entity14104 :: ('MESH:D007015', 'Disease') :: ['hyperphosphaturia', 'HPU']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['bone fractures', 'bone fracture']

entities_list: @entity11604 :: ('MESH:D009397', 'Disease') :: ['Nephrocalcinosis']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity1919 :: ('MESH:D000242', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclic AMP']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity1760 :: ('MESH:D008274', 'Chemical') :: ['magnesium']

answer: @entity11604 :: (MESH:D009397,Disease) :: ['nephrocalcinosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgical site infections (SSI) cause substantial morbidity and mortality for @entity1 undergoing operative procedures. We determined the incidence of and risk factors for SSI after abdominal surgery in the Department of Abdominal Surgery at the University Clinical Centre of Kosovo (UCCK). METHODOLOGY: Prospective surveillance of @entity1 undergoing abdominal surgery was performed between December 2005 and June 2006. CDC definitions were followed to detect SSI and study forms were based on Europe Link for Infection Control through Surveillance (HELICS) protocol. RESULTS: A total of 253 surgical interventions in 225 @entity1 were evaluated. The median age of @entity1 was 42 years and 55.1% of them were male. The overall incidence rate of SSI was 12%. Follow-up was achieved for 84.1% of the procedures. For @entity1 with an SSI, the median duration of hospitalization was 9 days compared with 4 days for those without an SSI (p2, use of antibiotic prophylaxis and NNIS class of >2 were all significant at p < .001. The SSI rates for the NNIS System risk classes 0, 1 and 2-3 were 4.2%, 46.7% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SSI caused considerable morbidity among surgical @entity1 in UCCK. Appropriate active surveillance and @entity281 control measures should be introduced during preoperative, intra-operative, and postoperative care to reduce @entity281 rates.

title: XXXX in an abdominal surgical ward at Kosovo Teaching Hospital.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity281 :: (MESH:D007239,Disease) :: ['Surgical site infections']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pathogenic amoeba @entity2330 is one of the causative agents of health hazards in tropical countries. It causes @entity16126 , @entity1960 and @entity5572 in @entity1 . @entity68 is one of the essential nutritional resources for survival and @entity281 caused by the amoeba. The parasite has developed multiple ways to import, sequester and utilize @entity68 from various @entity68 -binding proteins from its host. In spite of its central role in pathogenesis, the mechanism of @entity68 uptake by the parasite is largely unknown. Here, we carried out a systematic study to understand the role of some of the amoebic homologues of @entity1 endocytic Rab GTPases ( @entity4814 and @entity38148 , @entity27341 and @entity21219 ) in intracellular transport of @entity1 holo- @entity69 by the parasite. Flow cytometry and quantitative microscopic image analysis revealed that @entity4814 and @entity27341 are required for the biogenesis of amoebic giant endocytic vacuoles (GEVs) and regulate the early phase of intracellular trafficking of @entity69 . @entity21219 is involved in the late phase, leading to the degradation of @entity69 in the amoebic lysosome-like compartments. Using time-lapse fluorescence imaging in fixed trophozoites, we determined the kinetics of the vesicular transport of @entity69 through @entity4814 -, @entity27341 - and @entity21219 -positive compartments. The involvement of @entity27341 in the early phase of endocytosis by the parasite marks a significant divergence from its host in terms of spatiotemporal regulation by the Rab GTPases.

title: Insights into endosomal maturation of XXXX holo- @entity69 in the enteric parasite @entity2330 : essential roles of @entity27341 and @entity4814 in biogenesis of giant early endocytic vacuoles.

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity16126 :: ('MESH:D004404', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic dysentery']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['chronic infection']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Current pharmacological treatment of @entity22 involves the use of sedative-hypnotic @entity1245 and non- @entity1245 drugs. Although @entity1245 improve sleep, their multiple adverse effects hamper their application. Adverse effects include @entity2414 and cognitive functions, next-day hangover and @entity734 . Non- @entity1245 are effective for initiating sleep but are not as effective as @entity1245 for improving @entity25 or efficiency. Furthermore, their prolonged use produces adverse effects similar to those observed with @entity1245 . Inasmuch as @entity22 may be associated with decreased nocturnal @entity2493 , administration of @entity2493 is a strategy that has been increasingly used for treating @entity22 . @entity2493 can be effective for improving @entity25 without the adverse effects associated with hypnotic-sedatives. Ramelteon, a synthetic analog of @entity2493 which has a longer half life and a stronger affinity for @entity4911 , has been reportedly effective for initiating and improving sleep in both adult and elderly insomniacs without showing hangover, @entity734 , or @entity73 . @entity22 is also a major complaint among @entity1 suffering from @entity308 and is often aggravated by conventional antidepressants especially the specific @entity750 reuptake inhibitors. The novel antidepressant @entity29050 , a dual action agent with affinity for @entity2493 @entity4911 and @entity13498 receptors and 5-HT2c antagonistic properties, constitutes a new approach to the treatment of major @entity308 . @entity29050 ameliorates the symptoms of @entity308 and improves the quality and efficiency of sleep. Taken together, the evidence indicates that @entity4911 / @entity13498 receptor agonists like @entity12123 or @entity29050 may be valuable pharmacological tools for @entity22 and for @entity308 .

title: @entity2493 agonists in primary XXXX and @entity308 : are they superior to sedative-hypnotics?

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression', 'depression-associated insomnia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity4911 :: ('644314', 'Gene') :: ['MT1', 'MT1 and MT2 melatonergic receptors']

entities_list: @entity1245 :: ('MESH:D001569', 'Chemical') :: ['benzodiazepines', 'benzodiazepine']

entities_list: @entity29050 :: ('MESH:C084711', 'Chemical') :: ['agomelatine', 'Agomelatine']

entities_list: @entity12123 :: ('MESH:C495910', 'Chemical') :: ['ramelteon']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of memory']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep quality']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['Insomnia', 'insomnia']

answer: @entity22 :: (MESH:D007319,Disease) :: ['insomnia']


abstract: PURPOSE: Transanal irrigation is increasingly used against chronic @entity1142 and fecal @entity322 in selected @entity1 . The aims were to estimate the incidence of irrigation-related @entity29 in @entity1 using the Peristeen Anal Irrigation(  ) system, and to explore @entity1 - and procedure-related factors associated with perforation. METHODS: External independent expert audit on the complete set of global vigilance data related to Peristeen Anal Irrigation from 2005 to 2013. RESULTS: In total, 49 reports of @entity29 had been recorded. Based on sales figures, this corresponds to an average risk of @entity29 of 6 per million procedures. The latest two-year data indicate a risk of 2 per million procedures. In 29 out of 43 evaluable cases (67  %), perforation happened within the first 8  weeks since start of treatment. After 8  weeks, long-term use has an estimated risk of less than 2 per million procedures. Among @entity1 with @entity3501 , 11 out of 15 (73  %) had a history of pelvic organ surgery compared to 5 out of 26 (19  %) in @entity3501 . In 11 of 46 (24  %) evaluable cases, burst of the rectal balloon was reported. CONCLUSION: Enema-induced perforation is a rare complication to transanal irrigation with Peristeen Anal Irrigation, which increases the benefit risk ratio in support of the further use of transanal irrigation. Increased risk is present during treatment initiation and in @entity1 with prior pelvic organ surgery. Careful @entity1 selection, @entity1 evaluation and proper training of @entity1 are critical to safe practice of this technique.

title: XXXX related to transanal irrigation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3501 :: ('MESH:D055496', 'Disease') :: ['non-neurogenic bowel dysfunction', 'neurogenic bowel dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['bowel perforation']

entities_list: @entity1142 :: ('MESH:D003248', 'Disease') :: ['constipation']

answer: @entity29 :: (MESH:D015212,Disease) :: ['Global audit on bowel perforations']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With favourable 5-year survival rates up to 75%, liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). Nonetheless, @entity5 recurrence after LT remains a challenge. The aim of this retrospective study was to develop a predictive score for @entity5 recurrence after LT by combining clinical parameters with @entity157 biomarkers (microRNA). A microRNA microarray analysis was used to compare microRNA expression patterns in tissue samples of 40 @entity1 with and without @entity157 recurrence after LT. In a screening cohort (n=18), the microRNA analysis identified significant differences in the expression of 13 microRNAs in @entity1 with @entity5 recurrence. Using the most significant microRNAs in this screening cohort, we could develop a predictive score, which combined the expression levels of @entity15453 , @entity70836 and the Milan criteria, and we could define low- and high-risk groups for @entity5 recurrence and @entity204 . The above score was evaluated in a second and independent cohort (n=22). In contrast to the Milan criteria alone, this score was significantly associated with @entity5 recurrence. Our analysis indicated that the use of a specific microRNA expression pattern in combination with a limited @entity5 burden as defined by the Milan criteria may lead to a more accurate prediction of @entity5 recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A possible role of miRNAs as predictive markers for the recurrence of XXXX after liver transplantation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'choice for hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: We used echocardiography to determine the prevalence of @entity2294 in @entity309 ( @entity309 ) @entity1 without cardiac systems and compared our results to those obtained in a control group of age-matched subjects. Thirty-six @entity1 with @entity309 (6 @entity1 , 30 @entity1 ; mean age 51 +/- 11 years) were selected from a @entity1 population in treatment at our outpatient Rheumatology Clinic. None of the @entity1 had any symptoms of @entity299 , and all @entity1 with signs and/or systems of extracardiac disease were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 60 volunteers (mean age 51 +/- 12 years) randomly selected from a larger group of subjects with neither symptoms, signs and/or clinical findings of extracardiac disease nor symptoms of @entity299 . Standard two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography was carried out on all subjects. In the @entity309 @entity1 , we found a high prevalence of @entity2294 , especially minimal @entity2294 . There was no statistically significant difference among subgroups of @entity309 @entity1 based on stage and duration of disease respectively. There was no correlation between @entity2294 and inflammatory indexes or drug therapy. The minimal @entity2294 found in our @entity1 could be caused by the extra-articular inflammatory process and might be one aspect of a more complex picture characterized by silent cardiac involvement. The potential for symptomless pericardial alterations documented in our @entity1 indicates that careful cardiac evaluation should be given high priority in the assessment and management of subjects with @entity309 .

title: [Prevalence of @entity2294 in subjects with XXXX : an echocardiographic study].

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial involvement', 'pericardial effusion']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis', 'RA']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

answer: @entity309 :: (MESH:D001172,Disease) :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']


abstract: The systematics of the Ostertagiinae is unsettled with no agreement on how many genera and species are present in @entity291 and @entity742 . Ten species of Ostertagiinae are commonly parasitic in @entity291 and @entity742 . The males can be identified on the basis of differences in morphology of spicules and genital cones but the females of most species cannot be identified. The species-level systematics have been complicated by the proposal that the ten species are polymorphs of only five species. The systematics at genus level has been complicated by the use of numerous genera for the ten species, at present most commonly Ostertagia, @entity24651 and Marshallagia. This report (1) describes the current knowledge of the systematics and (2) provides diagnoses of the genera recommended for the ten species. The morphology of the ten species was studied to determine whether characteristics could be found to identify females or to further differentiate the males. Characters studied included the system of longitudinal and surface cuticular ridges (synlophe), the internal morphology of the esophagus and the orientation of rays of the copulatory bursa. The study of species morphology resulted in additional support for the polymorphism proposal. All minor species were found to be identical to their major species in characteristics of the synlophe, esophagus and rays of the copulatory bursa. Two recent classifications of the Ostertagiinae both recommended the use of the genus @entity24651 for the species @entity24651 and the two minor species that occur with it, T. trifurcata and T. davtiani. @entity24651 is characterized by a copulatory bursa in which the five lateral rays are arranged 2-2-1 and a ventral swelling of the genital cone (proconus) is absent. One pair of species, @entity1972 (major species) and Ostertagia occidentalis (minor species) should be included in the @entity9497 . This genus has been characterized by an elongated bursa in which the posterior pair of lateral rays are much longer than the ventral pair. The remaining two pairs of species (O. ostertagi and its minor species O. lyrata, and O. leptospicularis and its minor species O. kolchida) and O. bisonis belong in the genus Ostertagia which is characterized by a 2-1-2 arrangement of the five lateral rays of the copulatory bursa and the presence of a proconus.

title: Systematics of the nematodes that cause ostertagiasis in XXXX , @entity742 and goats in North America.

entities_list: @entity24651 :: ('45464', 'Species') :: ['T. circumcincta', 'Teladorsagia']

entities_list: @entity1972 :: ('MESH:C536025', 'Disease') :: ['Marshallagia marshalli']

entities_list: @entity9497 :: ('MESH:D056305', 'Disease') :: ['genus Marshallagia']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['cattle']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the development and progression of @entity1635 in @entity1 and adolescents with nonambulatory spastic @entity306 . DESIGN: Retrospective longitudinal review. SETTING: Pediatric nursing home. @entity1 : A total of 110 @entity1 and adolescents <18 years of age, with @entity1635 . INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cobb angle, age, weight, height, history of @entity572 , tracheostomy. RESULTS: The Cobb angle increased with age, weight, and height in a nonlinear fashion. A square root transformation of the Cobb angle was chosen to model the nonlinear relationship between the Cobb angle and predictors. Age, height, and weight were significant univariate predictors of the square root of the Cobb angle (slopes = 0.377, 0.067, and 0.06, respectively). In the multivariate mixed model, age remained a significant predictor of the Cobb angle (slope = 0.456), but height and weight did not. If the Cobb angle was > 40   by age 12 years, @entity1635 was more likely to progress than if the Cobb angle was  <= 40  . The effect of age was stronger for those with history of tracheostomy (age slope = 0.631 vs 0.281) than those without. The relationship of age and Cobb angle did not differ significantly between hip dislocated and non-hip-dislocated groups. CONCLUSIONS: Age was found to be the most significant predictor of Cobb angle, and the effect of age was greater in the tracheostomy group than in the nontracheostomy group. After adjustment for age, the weight and height were not significant predictors of Cobb angle. Cobb angles of > 40   by the age of 12 years were associated with greater increases in Cobb angle with age.

title: Natural history of @entity1635 in nonambulatory spastic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity306 :: ('MESH:D002547', 'Disease') :: ['tetraplegic cerebral palsy']

answer: @entity306 :: (MESH:D002547,Disease) :: ['tetraplegic cerebral palsy']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose. To evaluate the molecular pathways that operate in the early phase of acute @entity7995 by studying gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) subpopulations including @entity1075 + B cells, @entity5750 + macrophages, @entity404 + and @entity405 + T cells. Methods. PBMC subpopulations were obtained from 11 @entity15 @entity1 within 96 hours of the acute onset of the first demyelinating event of ON and from 14 healthy subjects. Gene expression analysis was performed on samples from 6 ON @entity1 and 9 healthy subjects (Affymetrix). Data was analyzed using Partek software and most informative genes (MIGs) were defined with p<0.01 and fold change >2.0. Verification of key MIGs was done by QRT-PCR and Western blot. Functional assay to test antigen presentation ability of B cells was performed. Results. Significantly differentiating gene expression signatures consisting of 467, 55, and 55 MIGs respective of @entity1075 +, @entity5750 + and @entity404 + cells were identified between ON and healthy subjects. No MIGs was detected for @entity405 + cells. The major involvement of @entity1075 + B cells in the early stage of ON was characterized by enrichment of genes involved in activation of immune mechanisms (p=3.2*10-25 to 2.5*10-3) including cellular immune response (p=7.1*10-12), B cells cellular growth and proliferation (p=1.0*10-7), activation of immune cells trafficking pathways (p=5.4*10-15 to 2.0*10-3), and stimulation of antigen presentation (p=8.9*10-11). Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that @entity1075 + B cells play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the first demyelinating event of acute ON and suggest their role as possible target for immunomodulation.

title: The role of B cells in the onset of the first demyelinating event of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7995 :: ('MESH:D009902', 'Disease') :: ['optic neuritis']

answer: @entity7995 :: (MESH:D009902,Disease) :: ['optic neuritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our previous studies have reported that heterogeneous mechanisms exist in early @entity4 formation in @entity131 , and cytotoxic @entity4 plays an important role within 48 hours post- @entity130 . It is remains unclear, when @entity4 begins to develop following injury. In order to determine the time course of @entity4 development, diffusion imaging and ADC (apparent diffusion co-efficient) mapping was performed in 10 @entity1 within 24 hours post- @entity130 with @entity131 . METHODS: Diffusion imaging and ADC mapping were performed employing 1.0 T echo planar MRI. ADC values were indicated as a ration relative to the values of intact brain areas. RESULTS: Within 3 hours post- @entity130 , diffusion MRI showed no remarkable changes, and the ADC values were within normal limit (ADC ratio (=contused/normal brain) = 1.00 +/- 0.21, (mean +/- SD)). At 6 hours post- @entity130 , diffusion images demonstrated a low intensity core in the contusion proper and a high intensity rim in the peripheral area of contusion. The ADC value increased in the contusion proper (ADC ratio = 1.26 +/- 0.13) and decreased in the peripheral area (ADC ratio = 0.58 +/- 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that early cellular swelling in the peripheral area of contusion begins within 6 hours following injury. This delayed occurrence of contusion-induced cellular swelling suggests that the CBF does not decrease to ischemic level immediately following injury.

title: Ultra-early study of @entity4 formation in XXXX using diffusion MRI and ADC mapping.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral contusion']

answer: @entity131 :: (MESH:D001930,Disease) :: ['cerebral contusion']


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. The pathophysiology is unknown but has been shown to be multifactorial. Free radical-mediated damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 . @entity224 dismutases (SODs) are the first and the most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against reactive @entity26 species. Moreover, isozymes of the SOD family are critical for modulating the activity of @entity842 , a gaseous free radical that is believed to play roles in the physiology and pathology of respiratory tracts. However, the expression profile of SOD isoforms in @entity1412 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of the SOD isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from eight nonallergic @entity1 who underwent elective polypectomy; mucosal specimens from the middle turbinates were acquired from eight subjects without @entity1412 as control tissues. The expression profile of SOD isoenzymes, @entity1367 , @entity4723 , and @entity39051 , in the nasal tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS: @entity1412 in all eight of the @entity1412 @entity1 manifested as severe or recurrent sinonasal @entity1412 clinically. The expression pattern of SOD isoenzymes evaluated by RT-PCR analysis indicated that the mean levels of @entity1367 mRNA and, to a greater extent, @entity39051 mRNA were higher in polyp tissues than in control tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of @entity4723 mRNA between the two groups. The data from ELISA and WB analysis showed that there were increased expressions of @entity1367 and @entity39051 protein in polyp tissues compared with the control tissues, but there was no difference in the expression of @entity4723 protein between the two groups. The results from RT-PCR, ELISA, and WB were paralleled and revealed that the expressions of @entity1367 and, to a greater extent, @entity39051 were higher in polyp tissues than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of @entity39051 and @entity1367 were higher in polyp tissues. These results are consistent with previously reported data and support the hypothesis that there is increased oxidative stress in @entity1412 . Our data also suggest that the SODs might be important in the pathogenesis of @entity1412 ; however, the roles these SOD isoforms, especially @entity39051 , play in both normal nasal mucosa and @entity1412 require further clarification.

title: Altered expression profile of @entity224 dismutase isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['polyposis', 'NP', 'Nasal polyposis']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['Superoxide']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of treatment of slipped @entity4039 is an anatomically aligned epiphysis with normal blood supply. This result can be achieved by open subcapital reorientation of the epiphysis or by a wedge @entity2249 . Other procedures have, so far, not gained optimal control over the risk of @entity2530 . INDICATIONS: Acute epiphyseolysis. @entity102 for which trimming of the metaphyseal overhang to permit free flexion and @entity717 without impingement would leave less than two thirds of the femoral neck diameter intact. CONTRAINDICATIONS: @entity572 at an advanced stage. Destruction of the femoral head. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: The blood supply to the epiphysis from the medial femoral circumflex artery can be preserved by surgical @entity572 and a soft-tissue flap derived subperiosteally from the retinaculum and external rotators. This soft-tissue flap permits not only the detachment of the epiphysis, but also complete callus resection from the femoral neck without causing tension in the retinaculum. Dislocation of the femoral head ensures its manual protection during curettage of the epiphyseal plate and, ultimately, allows anatomic reduction under visual control of the retinaculum. With the head dislocated there is less risk to the integrity of the retinaculum due to unintentional manipulation of the leg than there would be, if the head remained in the socket. RESULTS: From 1996 to 2005, 30 hips with a diagnosis of slipped @entity4039 were treated according to the technique described. The average follow-up time was 55 months (24-96 months). @entity2738 did not occur. Distribution across sexes was well balanced. @entity1 were 12 years old at the time of the operation and @entity1 were 14 years old on average. @entity572 was measured at 30-70 degrees. In six hips there was a so-called acute on chronic slip. Two hips required revision due to screw failure, a difficulty that was addressed by the introduction of fully threaded wires. One hip had to be revised because the fully threaded wire bent. After reoperation, shortening of maximum 1 cm was seen in these three cases. In one @entity1 with ectopic bone formation at the anteroinferior femoral neck, @entity717 in flexion is reduced by half.

title: Subcapital correction osteotomy in slipped XXXX by means of surgical @entity572 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'boys', 'Girls']

entities_list: @entity2249 :: ('MESH:D005265', 'Disease') :: ['osteotomy of the femoral neck']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic epiphyseolysis']

entities_list: @entity572 :: ('MESH:D006617', 'Disease') :: ['hip dislocation', 'Ankylosis of the hip joint', 'Posterior displacement']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['internal rotation']

entities_list: @entity2738 :: ('MESH:D005271', 'Disease') :: ['Femoral head necrosis']

entities_list: @entity4039 :: ('MESH:D060048', 'Disease') :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']

entities_list: @entity2530 :: ('MESH:D010020', 'Disease') :: ['avascular necrosis']

answer: @entity4039 :: (MESH:D060048,Disease) :: ['capital femoral epiphysis']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study, performed in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ) population with a normal serum @entity1011 , was to estimate urinary @entity1011 clearance ( @entity14488 ) in a population of @entity1230 @entity1 (PT) through a comparison with a population of non @entity130 @entity1 (NPT). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a medical and surgical @entity1213 in a university hospital. A total of 284 @entity1 were consecutively included. Two different groups were studied: PT (n = 144) and NPT (n = 140). Within the second week after admission to the @entity1213 , renal function was assessed using serum @entity1011 , 24 h urinary @entity14488 . RESULTS: Among the 106 @entity1 with a @entity14488 above 120 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2), 79 were PT and 27 NPT (P < 0.0001). Only 63 @entity1 had a @entity14488 below 60 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2) with 15 PT and 48 NPT (P < 0.0001). @entity1 with @entity14488 greater than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2) were younger, had a lower SAPS II score and a higher male ratio as compared to those having @entity14488 lower than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Through a logistic regression analysis, age and @entity130 were the only factors independently correlated to @entity14488 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1213 @entity1 with normal serum @entity1011 , @entity14488 , is higher in PT than in NPT. The measure of @entity14488 should be proposed as routine for PT @entity1 in order to adjust dose regimen, especially for drugs with renal elimination.

title: Increased @entity1011 clearance in @entity1230 @entity1 with normal serum XXXX : a retrospective observational study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1230 :: ('MESH:D009104', 'Disease') :: ['polytrauma']

entities_list: @entity1213 :: ('MESH:D012555', 'Disease') :: ['intensive care unit', 'ICU']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity1011 :: (MESH:D003404,Chemical) :: ['creatinine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6942 is an increasingly recognised cause of @entity295 and @entity204 across South East Asia and Northern Australia, caused by the bacterium @entity6943 . Risk factors include @entity6 , @entity988 and @entity8 , and a vaccine targeting at-risk populations is urgently required. A better understanding of the protective immune response in naturally infected @entity1 is essential for vaccine design. METHODS: We conducted a longitudinal clinical and immunological study of 200 @entity1 with @entity6942 on admission, 12 weeks (n = 113) and 52 weeks (n = 65) later. Responses to whole killed @entity6943 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by interferon-gamma (IFN-y) ELIspot assay and flow cytometry and compared to those of control subjects in the region with @entity6 (n = 45) and without @entity6 (n = 43). RESULTS: We demonstrated strong @entity404 + and @entity405 + responses to @entity6943 during @entity697 , 12 weeks and 52 weeks later. 28-day mortality was 26% for @entity6942 @entity1 , and @entity6943 -specific cellular responses in fatal cases (mean 98 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (mean 142 IFN-y cells per million PBMC) in a multivariable logistic regression model (P = 0.01). A J-shaped curve association between circulating neutrophil count and mortality was seen with an optimal count of 4000 to 8000 neutrophils/ l. @entity6942 @entity1 with known @entity6 had poor @entity6 control (median glycated haemoglobin HbA1c 10.2%, interquartile range 9.2-13.1) and showed a stunted @entity6943 -specific cellular response during acute illness compared to those without @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate the role of both @entity404 + and @entity405 + T-cells in protection against @entity6942 , and an interaction between @entity6 and cellular responses. This supports development of vaccine strategies that induce strong T-cell responses for the control of intracellular pathogens such as @entity6943 .

title: T-Cell Responses Are Associated with Survival in Acute @entity6942 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal disease']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute disease']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6943 :: ('28450', 'Species') :: ['Burkholderia pseudomallei', 'B. pseudomallei']

entities_list: @entity988 :: ('MESH:D000437', 'Disease') :: ['alcoholism']

entities_list: @entity6942 :: ('MESH:D008554', 'Disease') :: ['Melioidosis', 'melioidosis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: In developing lymphocytes, the recombination activating gene endonuclease cleaves DNA between V, D, or J coding and @entity13563 ( @entity13563 ) sequences to form hairpin coding and blunt @entity13563 ends, which are fused to form coding and @entity13563 joins. Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) factors repair DNA double strand breaks including those induced during VDJ recombination. @entity1 radiosensitive severe @entity465 results from lack of Artemis function, an NHEJ factor with in vitro endonuclease/exonuclease activities. We inactivated Artemis in @entity19 @entity2085 ( @entity2085 ) cells by targeted mutation. @entity942 results in impaired VDJ coding, but not @entity13563 , end joining. In addition, Artemis-deficient @entity2085 cells are sensitive to a radiomimetic drug, but less sensitive to ionizing radiation. VDJ coding joins from Artemis-deficient @entity2085 cells, which surprisingly are distinct from the highly deleted joins consistently obtained from DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit-deficient @entity2085 cells, frequently lack deletions and often display large junctional palindromes, consistent with a hairpin coding end opening defect. Strikingly, Artemis-deficient @entity2085 cells have increased chromosomal instability including telomeric fusions. Thus, Artemis appears to be required for a subset of NHEJ reactions that require end processing. Moreover, Artemis functions as a genomic caretaker, most notably in prevention of translocations and telomeric fusions. As @entity942 is compatible with @entity1 life, Artemis may also suppress genomic instability in @entity1 .

title: Defective DNA repair and increased genomic instability in Artemis-deficient XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity13563 :: ('MESH:C535296', 'Disease') :: ['recombination signal', 'RS']

entities_list: @entity2085 :: ('MESH:D020964', 'Disease') :: ['ES', 'embryonic stem']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['combined immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity942 :: ('MESH:D003677', 'Disease') :: ['Artemis deficiency']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: BACKGROUD: Although photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ) is considered one of the most promising alternatives to transurethral radical prostatectomy, a longer operative time, an unsatisfactory tissue removal rate, and the absence of postoperative pathology samples remain the main criticisms for this procedure. OBJECTIVE: To describe the novel technique of photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) with a front-firing @entity15171 (LBO) laser and to report our initial experience. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : This is a prospective study of 215 @entity1 undergoing PVRP between November 2011 and March 2013. Their average age, prostate size, and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were 70.3  7.3 yr, 70.4  34.0ml, and 24.9  5.0, respectively. SURGICAL PROCEDURE: The operative technique is detailed in the accompanying video. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Perioperative data were collected. The @entity1 were followed up at 3, 6, 12 mo after PVRP, and functional outcomes and complications were assessed. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: The mean operation time was 44.1  22.6min. The mean hemoglobin decrease was 0.37  0.21g/dl. The catheterization time was 23.9  15.2h and the postoperative hospital stay was 1.8  0.8 d. Significant improvements were observed in maximum flow, IPSS, and postvoid residual urine at each follow-up time point. Compared to preoperative values, prostate volume and serum @entity1486 fell by 67% and 63%, respectively, at 3 mo after PVRP. No major complications were noted. Application of a hemostat for a front-firing LBO laser makes it easy to handle intractable @entity954 . The main limitation of this study is the short follow-up period. The influence of PVRP on sexual function and the learning curve remain to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: PVRP is a novel technique that is effective and safe for treatment of @entity1067 . This technique retains the excellent hemostatic property of LBO lasers and has a short operation time and a high tissue removal rate. The problem of the lack of postoperative tissue samples for @entity12468 is also overcome in PVRP. @entity1 SUMMARY: We have developed a novel technique named photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) with a front-firing green laser. Our results show that PVRP retains the excellent hemostatic property of a green laser, but has a much shorter operation time and a higher rate of tissue removal than photoselective vaporization of the prostate ( @entity12468 ). This technique also solves the problem of the lack of postoperative tissue specimens and the difficulty of handling intractable @entity954 . According to our initial results, PVRP is a novel technique superior to @entity12468 in the treatment of @entity1067 .

title: Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate with a Front-firing XXXX Laser: Surgical Technique and Experience After 215 Procedures.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS', 'PATIENT']

entities_list: @entity1067 :: ('MESH:D011470', 'Disease') :: ['benign prostatic hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity15171 :: ('MESH:C021051', 'Chemical') :: ['lithium triborate']

entities_list: @entity954 :: ('MESH:D016063', 'Disease') :: ['intraoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity15171 :: (MESH:C021051,Chemical) :: ['Lithium Triborate']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neurobiological underpinnings of avolition in @entity161 remain unclear. Most brain imaging research has focused on reward prediction @entity51 , but findings are not consistent. In the light of accumulating evidence that both ventral striatum and dorsal caudate play a key role in motivation, we investigated ventral striatum and dorsal caudate activation during processing of reward or loss in @entity1 with @entity161 . METHOD: We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study brain activation during a Monetary Incentive Delay task in @entity1 with @entity161 , treated with second-generation antipsychotics only, and in @entity23 ( @entity23 ). We also assessed the relationships of ventral striatum and dorsal caudate activation with measures of hedonic experience and motivation. RESULTS: The whole @entity1 group had lower motivation but comparable hedonic experience and striatal activation than @entity23 . @entity1 with high avolition scores showed lower dorsal caudate activation than both @entity23 and @entity1 with low avolition scores. A lower dorsal caudate activation was also observed in @entity1 with deficit @entity161 compared to @entity23 and @entity1 with non-deficit @entity161 . Dorsal caudate activity during reward anticipation was significantly associated with avolition, but not with @entity4270 in the @entity1 group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that avolition in @entity161 is linked to dorsal caudate hypoactivation.

title: Is avolition in XXXX associated with a deficit of dorsal caudate activity? A functional magnetic resonance imaging study during reward anticipation and feedback.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4270 :: ('MESH:D059445', 'Disease') :: ['anhedonia']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['deficit and on ventral striatum dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity23 :: ('MESH:D007174', 'Disease') :: ['healthy controls', 'HC']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: Microparticulate formulations are often used for experimental prolongation of nerve blockade. Here we examine the effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of @entity1341 -containing microparticles. Lipid-protein-sugar particles (LPSPs) composed of 3% (1.3-microm diameter) and 60% (4.7-microm diameter) (w/w) @entity4747 ( @entity4748 ) were produced by spray drying, containing 10% (w/w) @entity1341 . @entity35 sciatic nerve blocks with 75 mg of particles produced statistically similar durations of @entity616 [3% (w/w) @entity4748 particles: 301 min; 60% (w/w) @entity4748 particles: 321 min]. Examination of tissues 1 day after injection revealed large particle deposits and acute @entity32 in animals that received 60% (w/w) @entity4748 particles. There were no visible deposits in those that received 3% (w/w) @entity4748 particles, and microscopic @entity32 was reduced. The difference between groups was similar 4 days after injection. Two weeks after injection, there was no particulate mass in either group, and @entity32 had largely resolved. In both groups, moderately severe myotoxicity was seen 1 and 4 days after injection but had largely resolved by 2 weeks. In summary, reduction in particles' @entity4748 content greatly improved biocompatibility without compromising duration of nerve blockade; the improvement was probably attributable to the enhanced rate of particle resorption.

title: Effect of excipient composition on the biocompatibility of XXXX -containing microparticles at the sciatic nerve.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity4747 :: ('MESH:D015060', 'Chemical') :: ['dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['sensory nerve block']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: The risk of repeat sternotomy is higher than that of the initial sternotomy, especially if the pericardial sac was left open at the first intervention. In 200 consecutive @entity1 with a @entity2294 after open heart operations, the pericardium was closed with a @entity3584 -preserved @entity1641 pericardial patch. @entity1104 at reoperation were assessed in four groups of @entity1 on a scale of 6, ranging from 0 (no @entity1104 ) to 5 (calcified or ossified @entity1104 ). Group I comprised 13 @entity1 in whom the pericardium was left open at the first operation and an @entity1641 pericardial patch was implanted at reoperation. Group Ia included the first five Group I @entity1 who underwent reoperation less than 1 year (early reoperation) after the initial procedure. Group Ib included the other eight @entity1 of Group I, who underwent reoperation more than 1 year (late reoperation) after the first procedure. Group II comprised nine @entity1 who were reoperated on after reconstruction of the pericardial sac with a @entity3584 -preserved @entity1641 pericardial patch. After a mean follow-up of 20.2 months, the incidence of patch-related complications was 1%. Statistical analysis shows less severe @entity1104 on reoperation in Group II @entity1 ( @entity2294 patched) than in Group I @entity1 ( @entity2294 left open): mean grade of @entity1104 1.6 +/- 0.9 (Group II) versus 3.2 +/- 0.6 (Group I), p less than 0.001. @entity1104 with the pericardium left open were similar in @entity1 having early and late reoperations: mean grade of @entity1104 3.0 +/- 0.7 (Group Ia) versus 3.4 +/- 0.5 (Group Ib), no significant difference. Therefore, the @entity3584 -preserved @entity1641 pericardial patch can be considered a suitable material for primary closure of the pericardial sac in @entity1 with inadequate autologous pericardium.

title: Repeat sternotomy after reconstruction of the pericardial sac with @entity3584 -preserved XXXX pericardium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2294 :: ('MESH:D010490', 'Disease') :: ['pericardial defect']

entities_list: @entity3584 :: ('MESH:D005976', 'Chemical') :: ['glutaraldehyde']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['Precardiac adhesions', 'Precardial adhesions', 'adhesions']

answer: @entity1641 :: (9796,Species) :: ['equine']


abstract: This study was planned in order to determine the fungal spores in the air of inside the homes of @entity748 @entity1 living in Isparta (from southwest region of @entity233 ). The seasonal properties of mold spores in the air of homes of 24 @entity748 and 14 control subjects living in the city of Isparta over a period of one year were investigated. Viable molds were recovered from all 38 houses. Twenty different molds were isolated and identified from the indoor air of the houses in which @entity748 @entity1 and controls lived. The most common isolated genera were Penicillium @entity5645 . (27.9%), followed by Cladosporium @entity5645 . (26.3%), Aspergillus @entity5645 . (14.7%) and Alternaria @entity5645 . (13.1%) in the indoor air of the houses of @entity748 @entity1 . No differences in colony numbers were observed between asthmatics and control groups. The percentage of molds was higher in kitchens than other parts of the houses such as living rooms and bedrooms (p < 0.05). A seasonal variety of the fungal flora in Isparta city region was observed. It is concluded that viable molds are common in houses in Isparta. Reducing indoor molds may improve the health of individuals with @entity364 like @entity565 .

title: Molds in the homes of XXXX @entity1 in Isparta, @entity233 .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['fungal-induced diseases']

answer: @entity748 :: (MESH:D013224,Disease) :: ['asthmatic']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of @entity1037 (OL) in @entity2033 ( @entity2033 ) @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Eleven @entity2033 @entity1 (five @entity1 ), aged 47.6 +/- 11.4 years and with disease duration of 11.2 +/- 3.3 years received OL. Assessment was carried out using the Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale (CGIC) and the Unified @entity2033 Rating Scale behavioral (UHDRS - b) and motor (UHDRS - m) at 6 month intervals. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were treated for 9.8 +/- 5.9 months. The mean OL dose/ @entity1 was 11.4 +/- 8.5 mg/day (median 10 mg/day). Mean CGIC was 2.1 +/- 0.8. UHDRS - b improved significantly (P < 0.0001) and UHDRS - m did not change. @entity4790 improved in five @entity1 and two dropped out because of @entity203 and lack of efficacy. CONCLUSION: OL is a good alternative treatment in @entity2033 , mainly for the @entity146 symptoms and moderately effective for the motor symptoms, possibly because of its effect on @entity4790 . We suggest OL should be used in @entity2033 @entity1 with the adult onset form, severe @entity4790 and/or severe @entity146 disturbances.

title: XXXX in @entity2033 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity4790 :: ('MESH:D002819', 'Disease') :: ['Chorea', 'chorea']

entities_list: @entity203 :: ('MESH:D003875', 'Disease') :: ['drug eruption']

entities_list: @entity2033 :: ('MESH:D006816', 'Disease') :: ["Huntington's Disease", "Huntington's disease", 'HD']

entities_list: @entity1037 :: ('MESH:C076029', 'Chemical') :: ['olanzapine']

answer: @entity1037 :: (MESH:C076029,Chemical) :: ['Olanzapine']


abstract: Paroxysmal @entity8684 is a rare, @entity2358 . Attacks occur spontaneously or may be induced by movement, @entity427 , or @entity148 . The movements are tonic, @entity3520 , or choreoathetotic. Sporadic and, more commonly, familial cases have been reported. Onset occurs most often during childhood, and the course is nonprogressive. Response to anticonvulsant therapy is usually excellent. Five cases of the sporadic form of paroxysmal @entity8684 are reported. Three of the five @entity1 had attacks after initiation of movements such as rising from a chair. Results of physical examination were normal in four @entity1 . One @entity1 had mild @entity5043 and @entity2915 . Results of laboratory studies, including determinations of serum @entity460 and ceruloplasmin levels, EEGs and CAT scans of the head, were normal. The attacks ceased in all @entity1 after treatment with either @entity3174 or @entity2049 .

title: Paroxysmal XXXX : report of five cases and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child']

entities_list: @entity2358 :: ('MESH:D020820', 'Disease') :: ['involuntary movement disorder']

entities_list: @entity5043 :: ('MESH:D005150', 'Disease') :: ['hemiatrophy']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['unilateral hyper-reflexia']

entities_list: @entity3174 :: ('MESH:D010672', 'Chemical') :: ['phenytoin']

entities_list: @entity8684 :: ('MESH:D001264', 'Disease') :: ['choreoathetosis']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity8684 :: (MESH:D001264,Disease) :: ['choreoathetosis']


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine cardiac hemodynamics during acute @entity135 ( @entity135 ) and @entity291 venous function during acute @entity135 ( @entity135 ) in subjects with @entity451 compared with sedentary nondisabled controls. Nineteen paraplegic males (below T6) and nine age-, height-, and weight-matched control subjects participated. Heart rate, @entity64 volume, and cardiac output were assessed using the noninvasive @entity14493 uptake method. Venous vascular function of the @entity291 was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. After supine measurements were collected, the table was moved to 10 degrees @entity135 followed by the three levels of @entity135 (10, 35, and 75 degrees ) in random order. Cardiac hemodynamics were similar between the groups at all positions. @entity291 circumference was significantly reduced in the paraplegic group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Venous capacitance and compliance were significantly reduced in the paraplegic compared with control group at supine and @entity135 . Neither venous capacitance (P = 0.37) nor compliance (P = 0.19) increased from supine with 10 degrees @entity135 in the paraplegic group. A significant linear relationship was established between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output in the control group (r = 0.80, P < 0.02) but not in the paraplegic group. The findings of reduced @entity291 circumference and similar venous capacitance at supine rest and 10 degrees @entity135 in the paraplegic group imply that structural changes may have limited @entity1211 in individuals with chronic @entity451 . Furthermore, the lack of a relationship between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output suggests that cardiac homeostasis does not rely on venous compliance in subjects with @entity451 .

title: Cardiac homeostasis is independent of XXXX venous compliance in subjects with @entity451 .

entities_list: @entity135 :: ('MESH:D006258', 'Disease') :: ['head-up tilt', 'HDT', 'head-down tilt', 'HUT']

entities_list: @entity14493 :: ('MESH:D000114', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylene']

entities_list: @entity451 :: ('MESH:C536857', 'Disease') :: ['paraplegia']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['venous dispensability']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['calf']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity741 is associated with high rates of mortality and it is the most prevalent among @entity65 . It is a multifactorial disease, and its prevention depends on control of risk factors. Resting electrocardiogram can be used to detect manifestations of @entity741 , since some electrocardiographic abnormalities are indicative of @entity301 in asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk factors for @entity741 in an adult population from the metropolitan area of S  o Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an adult population (age 20 years and over) from Cotia, near S  o Paulo, southeastern of Brazil. The study population comprised 1067 subjects. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire. The variables studied were: gender, age, smoking behaviour, physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, @entity6 , blood lipids (total @entity165 , LDL- @entity165 , HDL- @entity165 and @entity1674 ) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. @entity854 were grouped according to the classification: @entity1619 changes, @entity4346 and abnormalities non related to @entity741 or without abnormalities. RESULTS: The population was relatively -young (79% younger than 50 years, mean age 39.8 +/- 13.2 years old), and 59.3% were female. The resting electrocardiogram showed @entity1619 changes in 9.5% of the subjects and @entity4346 in 3.3%. Female gender, age over 65 years for @entity1 and 55 years for @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity101 , total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl, LDL- @entity165 >/=130 mg/dl, @entity1674 >/=200 mg/dl, body mass index >/= 25 Kg/m2 and abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, were positively related to @entity1619 changes. Male gender, @entity6 , @entity101 and smoking behaviour were positively related to @entity4346 . In the presence of @entity1619 changes on the ECG, we observed an odds ratio of 3.54 for the diagnosis of @entity101 an of 1.83 for total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl. In the presence of @entity4346 on the ECG, we found an odds ratio of 5.92 for @entity101 diagnosis. Among the three most important risk factors correlated to electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of @entity741 , two can be controlled by nutritional intervention ( @entity101 and total @entity165 >/= 200 mg/dl). This findings suggest the importance of its early detection. Future studies should determine the predictive value of the electrocardiogram, a simple and inexpensive method, suggesting the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological and nutritional studies.

title: [ XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors for @entity741 in an adult population from S  o Paulo, Brazil].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'systolic hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes', 'diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary disease']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['Triglycerides', 'triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic heart disease', 'ischemic myocardial disease', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity854 :: (MESH:D018376,Disease) :: ['Electrocardiographic abnormalities']


abstract: 1. The influence of micelle formation on @entity6741 secretion was assessed by analysing the secretory characteristics of, and interaction between, the natural micelle-forming @entity3645 , @entity7362 and @entity6041 , and the artificial non-micelle-forming @entity3645 , @entity29677 and @entity25987 (both of which are subjected to reductive metabolism), in anaesthetized @entity235 . 2. Competitive secretory interaction between these two classes of @entity6741 was demonstrated thereby indicating that they share the same biliary transport system. @entity29677 had a lower affinity for the transport system than that of @entity7362 and the metabolic derivatives of @entity25987 . 3. The (initially determined) biliary secretory maxima for @entity29677 (4 . 9 +/- 1 . 9 (S.D.) mumole/min. kg, n = 6) and total ' @entity25987 ' in @entity2226 replete @entity235 (4 . 2 +/- 1 . 0 mumole/min. kg, n = 16) were both significantly less than those for @entity7362 (8 . 0 +/- 1 . 8 mumole/min. kg, n = 16) and total @entity6041 in @entity2226 replete @entity235 (6 . 9 +/- 1 . 2 mumole/min. kg, n = 12). 4. The initially determined secretory maxima of @entity29677 and ' @entity25987 ' were elevated by about 30 and 36%, respectively, by an earlier period of @entity7362 administration; the most likely explanation (which is supported by independent morphological studies) for this effect is that @entity7362 increases the number of functional 'carriers' in the canalicular membrane. When calculated for optimal conditions, the secretory maxima of the non-micelle-forming @entity3645 closely approached those of the micelle formers. 5. The above results would seem to indicate that micelle formation (in the hepatocyte, canalicular membrane or bile) is not essential for the effective translocation of @entity6741 by the specific canalicular membrane receptors. The results also suggest that the effective concentration of @entity6741 in bile (possibly 60--70 times greater in the case of the non-micelle-formers) is not an important determinant of the net secretory performance of conjugated @entity6741 . 6. At the same @entity6741 secretion rate (3 . 06 mumole/min. kg), the bile flow rate associated with @entity29677 (44 . 3 +/- 2 . 7 (S.D. along regression line) microliter/min. kg, n = 38) was significantly greater than that associated with @entity7362 (29 . 5 +/- 7 . 7 microliter/min. kg, n = 80) but significantly less than that associated with ' @entity25987 ' in @entity2226 replete @entity235 (51 . 7 +/- 4 . 8 microliter./min. kg, n = 33), ' @entity25987 ' after acute @entity2226 depletion (61 . 2 microliter./min. kg, n = 1) and free @entity6041 after @entity2226 depletion (49 . 8 +/- 9 . 8 microliter/min. kg, n = 92). The extra flow associated with the free @entity3645 is derived by means that are largely or entirely independent of their osmotic activity in bile.

title: The influence of micelle formation on XXXX secretion.

entities_list: @entity7362 :: ('MESH:D013656', 'Chemical') :: ['taurocholate']

entities_list: @entity29677 :: ('MESH:C019560', 'Chemical') :: ['Taurodehydrocholate', 'taurodehydrocholate']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt']

entities_list: @entity25987 :: ('MESH:D003685', 'Chemical') :: ['dehydrocholate']

entities_list: @entity3645 :: ('MESH:D001647', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salts']

answer: @entity6741 :: (CHEBI:3098,Chemical) :: ['bile salt']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Osteocytes are proposed to be the mechanosensory cells that translate mechanical loading into biochemical signals during the process of bone adaptation. The lipid mediator @entity5595 ( @entity5596 ) has been reported to play a role in the mechanotransduction process of blood vessels and also in the dynamic control of bone mineral homeostasis. Nevertheless, the potential role of @entity5596 in bone mechanotransduction has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we hypothesized that a @entity5596 cascade is involved in the activation of osteocytes in response to loading-induced oscillatory fluid flow (OFF) in bone. MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cells express the necessary components of a functional @entity5596 cascade. To examine the involvement of @entity5596 signaling in osteocyte mechanotransduction, we applied OFF (1Pa, 1Hz) to osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells under conditions where the @entity5596 signaling pathway was modulated. We found that decreased endogenous @entity5596 levels significantly suppressed the OFF-induced intracellular @entity460 response. Addition of extracellular @entity5596 to MLO-Y4 cells enhanced the synthesis and release of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) under static cells and amplified OFF-induced @entity1421 release. The stimulatory effect of OFF on the gene expression levels of @entity2159 ( @entity2159 ) and @entity5298 ( @entity5298 ) was @entity5596 dependent. Furthermore, the @entity15266 receptor subtype was shown to be involved in OFF-induced @entity1421 synthesis and release, as well as down-regulation of @entity5298 / @entity2159 gene expression ratio. In summary, our data suggest that @entity5596 cascade is involved in OFF-induced mechanotransduction in MLO-Y4 cells and that extracellular @entity5596 exerts its effect partly through @entity15266 receptors.

title: The role of the XXXX signaling pathway in osteocyte mechanotransduction.

entities_list: @entity1421 :: ('MESH:D015232', 'Chemical') :: ['PGE2', 'prostaglandin E2']

entities_list: @entity5298 :: ('8600', 'Gene') :: ['receptor activator for nuclear factor kB ligand', 'RANKL']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity2159 :: ('4982', 'Gene') :: ['osteoprotegerin', 'OPG']

entities_list: @entity5595 :: ('MESH:C060506', 'Chemical') :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']

answer: @entity5595 :: (MESH:C060506,Chemical) :: ['sphingosine-1-phosphate']


abstract: 197 consecutive @entity1 with @entity957 of the oropharynx were treated between 1964 and 1982. The 5 year actuarial survival was 43% (+/- 5%). In @entity1 with stage I and II disease the actuarial survival with combined surgery and radiotherapy was 87% (+/- 16%), but with primary radiotherapy 40% (+/- 28% (p = 0.0250). The results in stage III and IV disease were 59% (+/- 11%) with combined therapy and 29% (+/- 15%) for radiotherapy alone (p = 0.0010). The five year actuarial survival for @entity189 (Schmincke) was 71% (+/- 16%) after radiotherapy whilst the @entity1 with undifferentiated @entity189 achieved only 29% (+/- 11%). The survival rate for @entity1 (71% +/- 12%) was significantly better than for @entity1 (31% +/- 7%), although the proportion of stages was not different in both sexes. Because of these results and because of the minimal chances of controlling recurrent disease we prefer combined treatment not only in stage III and IV disease, but also in stage I and II disease. In these early stages partial mandibulectomy can be avoided. In selected cases transoral surgery can be combined with functional, discontinuous neck dissection. The functional results of surgery are thus minimised in the early stages of @entity189 .

title: [Results of the treatment of 197 XXXX of the oropharynx (1964-1982 treatment period)].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['oropharyngeal carcinoma', 'carcinomas', 'lymphoepithelial carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biological origin of @entity76 is unknown, and hereditary forms of this disease have not been described. Here, the authors present clinical and histopathological findings of a young @entity1 with a @entity76 who had multiple immediate family members who harbored similar @entity5 . A 37-year-old otherwise healthy @entity1 presented with a history of progressive @entity10 . @entity2946 had been diagnosed previously in her mother and maternal grandfather, and her maternal uncle had a supratentorial liponeurocytoma. MRI revealed a large, poorly enhancing, lipomatous mass emanating from the superior vermis that produced marked compression of posterior fossa structures. An uncomplicated supracerebellar infratentorial approach was used to resect the lesion. Genetic and histopathological analyses of the lesion revealed neuronal, glial, and lipomatous differentiation and confirmed the diagnosis of @entity76 . A comparison of the @entity5 resected from the @entity1 and, 22 years previously, her mother revealed similar features. @entity76 is a poorly understood entity. This report provides novel evidence of an inheritable predisposition for @entity5 development. Accurate diagnosis and reporting of clinical outcomes and associated genetic and histopathological changes are necessary for guiding prognosis and developing recommendations for @entity1 care.

title: XXXX : a rare @entity5 with possible familial predisposition. Case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'intracranial tumors', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['cerebellar liponeurocytomas', 'Cerebellar liponeurocytoma', 'cerebellar liponeurocytoma']

entities_list: @entity10 :: ('MESH:D006261', 'Disease') :: ['headaches']

entities_list: @entity2946 :: ('MESH:D008527', 'Disease') :: ['Lipomatous medulloblastoma']

answer: @entity76 :: (MESH:D002526,Disease) :: ['Cerebellar liponeurocytoma']


abstract: Epidemiological studies have associated air particulate matter (PM) inhalation with a decline in lung function and increased morbo-mortality due to @entity66 , particularly in susceptible populations. Sj  @entity244 ( @entity244 ) is a chronic @entity792 characterized by cellular infiltration in exocrine glands and extraglandular tissue, being the respiratory tract an important target. We evaluated the effect of PM on the airways of NOD @entity19 , which develop @entity244 and BALB/c @entity19 . BALB/c or NOD @entity19 (2-3 months) were randomized in two groups and exposed to intranasal instillation either with saline (control) or ROFA solution (1mg/kg body weight). After 24h, @entity19 were euthanized in order to perform lung histology, or measure total cell number (TCN), differential cell count (DCC) and @entity224 anion generation in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. BALB/c @entity19 showed normal histoarchitecture, while NOD @entity19 showed lymphocytic peribronchial infiltrates. ROFA exposure affected the respiratory tract from both BALB/c and NOD @entity19 , with a significant increase in the TCN (p<0.05) and generation of O2(-) (p<0.05), as well as an imbalance in the DCC (p<0.05). All histological observations correlated with the cellular parameters evaluated. Lesions in NOD @entity19 were more severe than those of BALB/c, showing cellular infiltration in the alveoli and leading to a greater decrease in the alveolar space. We have proved that in this experimental Sj  @entity244 animal model (NOD @entity19 ); airborne pollution exacerbates pre-existing @entity358 . These findings show experimental evidence on the harmful effects of airborne pollution on the airways of @entity1 with Sj  @entity244 .

title: Air particulate matter exacerbates lung response on Sj  XXXX animals.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['cardiorespiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary lesions']

entities_list: @entity244 :: ('MESH:D014899', 'Disease') :: ["gren's Syndrome", 'SS']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity792 :: ('MESH:D001327', 'Disease') :: ['autoimmune disease']

answer: @entity244 :: (MESH:D014899,Disease) :: ['gren's Syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the disease-free survival in @entity5 submitted to postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: we retrospectively studied 174 @entity1 with the following distribution: two cases of stage I, four stage II, 46 stage III and 122 stage IV. Regarding gender, 163 were male and 11 female; mean age was 56 years. All @entity1 underwent pharyngolaryngectomy; neck dissections were radical in 206 and selective in 16. One hundred six @entity1 underwent postoperative radiotherapy, with a mean dose of 58.2 Gy. RESULTS: Histological examination showed two cases of stage @entity2558 , 15 stage pT2, 100 stage @entity1803 and 57 stage pT4. As for lymph nodes, 25 @entity1 had no involvement (pN0); 149 presented with lymph node invasion (pN +). Five-year disease-free survival was 40% and the overall survival was 28%. According to the results of histological examination, five-year disease-free survival was 75% in clinical stage III versus 28% in IV. CONCLUSION: The initial manifestation of @entity957 of the hypopharynx happens in advanced stages (III and IV), with superior five-year disease-free survival in clinical stage III.

title: Impact of combination therapy on disease free survival in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['hypopharyngeal tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['hypopharynx cancer']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence and @entity301 risk in @entity1 with known @entity164 2 (non-insulin-dependent) @entity6 mellitus in a Basque Country sentinel practice network study. METHODS: During the year 2000 we did a survey among sentinel practitioners who registered information about previously and newly diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 older than 24 years of age. We studied 65,651 @entity1 attending a primary care service in the Basque Country Health Service-Osakidetza. We collected information about @entity6 complications and cardiovascular risk factors and measured the @entity301 risk in these @entity1 . RESULTS: In the year 2000, the standardized cumulative incidence and prevalence of known @entity164 2 @entity6 were 5.0 per 1000 (CI 95%: 4.9-5.1) and 4.6% (CI 95%: 4.5-4.7) respectively. Macroangiopathy was the most frequent complication both in the newly diagnosed (21.6%) and previously known @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 (33%). Total @entity165 > or =5.17 mmol/l and LDL @entity165 > or =2.58 mmol/l were found in 75% and 90% of newly diagnosed and 65% and 85% of previously diagnosed @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 respectively. Of the @entity164 2 @entity6 @entity1 42% were @entity28 and 80% had @entity101 . More than 55% of the @entity1 compared with 44% of the @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 had high or very high risk of @entity301 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: We report new epidemiological data on known @entity164 2 @entity6 in the Basque Country. These @entity1 have a high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors causing a high @entity301 risk.

title: Incidence, prevalence and XXXX risk level in known @entity164 2 @entity6 : a sentinel practice network study in the Basque Country, Spain.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'people', 'men']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['high blood pressure']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity301 :: (MESH:D003327,Disease) :: ['coronary heart disease']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Polar lipids of bacteria from the class Thermomicrobia are known to contain long-chain 1,2-diols instead of @entity653 , although the nature of polar head groups has not been investigated. We have studied phospholipid classes of two species from the class Thermomicrobia- @entity5859 and Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2. TLC and @entity9715 -NMR analysis of polar lipids revealed that both @entity5859 and Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2 contain the same set of four major phospholipid classes. Structures of the novel phospholipids in @entity5859 were established as 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoinositol, 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoinositol mannoside, 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phospho-acylmannoside, and 2-acylalkyldiol-1-O-phosphoinositol acylmannoside. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a phospholipid with a @entity3913 directly bound to the @entity1391 . We also analyzed @entity1718 and long-chain 1,2-diols of @entity5859 and Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2 and compared our data with available information for @entity71724 . All species share a similar set of @entity1718 , with 12-Me 18:0 being the major @entity844 . The major @entity27716 in @entity5859 was identified as 13-Me 19:0 (66.2  %). The 21:0 @entity27716 was the major component both in Thermomicrobia sp. WKT50.2 (50.6  %) and in @entity71724 (56.6  %).

title: Novel Long-Chain XXXX Phospholipids from Some Bacteria Belonging to the Class Thermomicrobia.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity1391 :: ('CHEBI:26020', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphate']

entities_list: @entity5859 :: ('2057', 'Species') :: ['S.  thermophilus', 'Sphaerobacter thermophilus', 'S. thermophilus']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

answer: @entity27716 :: (CHEBI:23824,Chemical) :: ['Diol']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed (1) to evaluate the effect of a @entity4914 inhibitor, @entity3755 , on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous @entity3303 and its 2 pharmacologically active metabolites, @entity17542 ( @entity17542 ) and @entity26273 (GX), to confirm recent in vitro results indicating that @entity4914 is the main isoform responsible for @entity3303 biotransformation and (2) to assess whether liver function has any influence on the @entity3755 - @entity3303 interaction. METHODS: The study was carried out in 10 healthy volunteers and 20 @entity1 with @entity82 , 10 with mild ( @entity1 grade A) and 10 with severe ( @entity1 grade C) @entity409 , according to a randomized, double-blind, 2-phase, crossover design. In one phase all @entity1 received placebo for 6 days; in the other phase they received 50 mg @entity3755 for 2 days and 100 mg @entity3755 for the next 4 days. On day 6, a 1-mg/kg @entity3303 dose was administered intravenously 2 hours after the last dose of @entity3755 or placebo. Plasma concentrations of @entity3303 , @entity17542 , GX, and @entity3755 were measured up to 12 hours after @entity3303 injection. RESULTS: The effects of @entity3755 coadministration were dependent on liver function. @entity3303 clearance was decreased on average by 60% (from 12.1 mL/min.kg to 4.85 mL/min.kg, P <.001) in healthy subjects and by 44% (from 9.83 mL/min.kg to 5.06 mL/min.kg, P <.001) in @entity1 with mild @entity409 , with proportional increases in terminal half-lives, whereas virtually no effect was produced in @entity1 with severe @entity409 (4.21 mL/min.kg versus 3.65 mL/min.kg, P >.05). Analogous effects were observed on @entity17542 and GX formation kinetics, which were @entity73 in healthy subjects and @entity1 with mild @entity1575 but virtually unaffected in @entity1 with severe @entity82 . CONCLUSION: @entity4914 is the enzyme principally responsible for the metabolic disposition of @entity3303 in subjects with normal liver function. The extent of @entity3755 - @entity3303 interaction decreases as liver function worsens, most likely because of the concomitant decrease in the hepatic level of @entity4914 . These observations indicate that results obtained in healthy subjects cannot be extended a priori to @entity1 with @entity409 , but the clinical consequences of inhibition of drug metabolism must also be assessed in such @entity1 .

title: @entity4914 is a major determinant of XXXX metabolism in vivo: effects of liver function.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['drastically impaired']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity17542 :: ('MESH:C001173', 'Chemical') :: ['monoethylglycinexylidide', 'MEGX']

entities_list: @entity26273 :: ('MESH:C001306', 'Chemical') :: ['glycinexylidide']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Lidocaine', 'lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver cirrhosis']

answer: @entity3303 :: (MESH:D008012,Chemical) :: ['lidocaine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. In 2002, the Danish @entity5 Society opened a rehabilitation centre in which @entity5 @entity1 were offered a free, six-day, multidimensional residential course. Our previous studies of the effects of this course at one and six months of follow-up showed no positive effect on distress. We investigated long-term effects at 12 months of follow-up and whether subgroups with fewer psychosocial resources received more benefit from the intervention than @entity1 with better resources. Material and methods. In two Danish counties, 507 @entity1 with @entity0 diagnosed within the past two years who had completed primary treatment were randomised to a six-day, multidimensional residential rehabilitation course or to standard care. Of these, 208 @entity1 received the allocated intervention and 244 received the allocated control condition and were included in the analyses. @entity1 in both groups completed questionnaires at baseline and at one, six and 12 months of follow-up, including the 'Profile of Mood States short form', the 'General Self-efficacy' scale and a question on emotional support. At 12 months of follow-up, 179 @entity1 in the intervention group and 195 in the control group provided data. Results. No effect of the intervention was found on distress at 12 months of follow-up, even in subgroups with fewer psychosocial resources at baseline, i.e. greater baseline distress, poorer self-efficacy and less emotional support. Conclusion. Multidimensional rehabilitation programmes may not be effective in the treatment of distress. During the past few decades, studies of psychotherapy or psycho-education in @entity5 @entity1 have shown small to moderate effects. More focused rehabilitation programmes may be more effective.

title: Distress after a XXXX rehabilitation course. Main effects and effect modification in a randomised trial at 12 months of follow-up.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast, prostate, colon or rectum cancer']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['psychosocial cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3702 is an extremely serious form of abusive @entity542 , the extent of which is unknown in Canada. Our objective was to describe, from a national perspective, the clinical characteristics and outcome of @entity1 admitted to hospital with @entity3702 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review, for the years 1988-1998, of the cases of @entity3702 that were reported to the @entity1 protection teams of 11 pediatric tertiary care hospitals in Canada. @entity3702 was defined as any case reported at each institution of intracranial, intraocular or cervical @entity130 resulting from a substantiated or suspected shaking, with or without impact, in @entity1 aged less than 5 years. RESULTS: The median age of subjects was 4.6 months (range 7 days to 58 months), and 56% were @entity1 . Presenting complaints for the 364 @entity1 identified as having @entity3702 were nonspecific ( @entity410 -like episode [45%], decreased level of consciousness [43%] and respiratory difficulty [34%]), though @entity2981 was noted on examination in 46%. A history and/or clinical evidence of previous maltreatment was noted in 220 @entity1 (60%), and 80 families (22%) had had previous involvement with @entity1 welfare authorities. As a direct result of the shaking, 69 @entity1 died (19%) and, of those who survived, 162 (55%) had ongoing @entity16 and 192 (65%) had @entity227 . Only 65 (22%) of those who survived were considered to show no signs of @entity73 at the time of discharge. INTERPRETATION: @entity3702 results in an extremely high degree of mortality and morbidity. Ongoing care of these @entity1 places a substantial burden on the medical system, caregivers and society.

title: XXXX in Canada: clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital cases.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'boys', 'child']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity3702 :: ('MESH:D038642', 'Disease') :: ['shaken baby syndrome', 'Shaken baby syndrome']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological injury']

entities_list: @entity542 :: ('MESH:D006259', 'Disease') :: ['head trauma']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['health or developmental impairment']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['spine injury']

answer: @entity3702 :: (MESH:D038642,Disease) :: ['Shaken baby syndrome']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8491 @entity1 who require mechanical ventilation often develop @entity55 or @entity891 . Although there are differences in the prevalence of these complications among various institutions, there is no evidence that aggressive treatment shortens the course of the @entity3935 . We have quantified the severity of @entity651 and @entity146 of respiratory intervention in @entity8491 @entity1 admitted to the neuro-critical care unit. DESIGN: We retrospectively identified all mechanically ventilated @entity8491 @entity1 admitted in our unit between 1990 and 1998. SETTING: Neuro-critical care unit of a tertiary care center in an urban area with a large, established, regional @entity4094 program. @entity1 : Eighteen @entity1737 @entity1 with 24 episodes of @entity1576 requiring mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS: A novel respiratory intervention index, comprising the use of suction, intermittent positive-pressure breathing or bronchodilator treatments, sighs, and chest physiotherapy represented the @entity146 of the respiratory treatment. The respiratory intervention index was correlated with the @entity651 score, used as a measure of lung involvement and other respiratory variables. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Our @entity1 had less @entity891 and @entity55 than previously published series (46% vs. 91%), leading to shorter mechanical support and neuro-critical care unit stay. The mean respiratory intervention index correlated with @entity651 score and inversely with forced vital capacity. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents an estimate for both severity of @entity358 and intensity of respiratory therapy in the severe @entity8491 @entity1 with mechanical ventilatory compromise. Our results suggest that aggressive respiratory treatment should be used in @entity8491 @entity1 in crisis to diminish the risk for prolonged @entity1576 . These observations should be validated in a prospective study.

title: Ventilatory care in XXXX crisis: assessing the baseline adverse event rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular disease']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenic crisis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity1737 :: ('MESH:D009157', 'Disease') :: ['myasthenia gravis']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['lung injury']

entities_list: @entity891 :: ('MESH:D001261', 'Disease') :: ['atelectasis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity8491 :: ('MESH:D020294', 'Disease') :: ['Myasthenic', 'myasthenic']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure', 'respiratory complications']

answer: @entity1737 :: (MESH:D009157,Disease) :: ['myasthenia gravis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the cost effectiveness of determination methods for low-density lipoprotein by new direct assay compared to Friedewald's formula calculation. DESIGN: descriptive study. MATERIAL: Fasting serum from 100 subjects with a history of @entity1007 . METHOD: Specimens were determined for total @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and @entity412 using automated clinical chemistry, as the basic information in calculation of LDL level. Each specimen was also processed by direct LDL assay by the same automation. Correlation of the results from both methods was analyzed. Cost effectiveness analysis was then performed. RESULTS: The least-squares equation from comparing direct LDL assay to calculation method gave Y = 0.897X + 20.42 (r = 0.996, p < 0.05). According to the present study, the cost per utility of the direct assay method (47.54 baht) was more expensive than the calculation method (29.59 baht). CONCLUSION: The results from both methods were well related. However, the cost per utility of the calculation method is cheaper, therefore, the authors recommend the use of the calculation method rather than the direct assay for follow-up of LDL level in @entity753 @entity1 .

title: Cost-effective study of determination methods for low-density lipoprotein by new direct assay compared to Friedewald's formula calculation in XXXX subjects.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity753 :: ('OMIM:143890', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemic']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity753 :: (OMIM:143890,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemic']