abstract: AIM: To verify the occurrence of @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 ( @entity74 ) and to provide a more detailed description of the impairment's character and context. METHODS: Thirty (30) @entity1 with chronic @entity74 and 30 matched healthy controls completed a cognitive test battery. Four computerised tests were used: a) two different types of cognitive tasks (reaction time vs. working memory) and b) two types of information processing (verbal vs. spatial). Before testing and after every randomised subtest, subjects rated their @entity158 level on a visual analogue scale. RESULTS: A worse overall performance among @entity1 with @entity74 and, specifically, worse results concerning working memory tasks were found. Post-hoc testing revealed a statistically significant difference concerning the single variable "verbal reaction time". @entity158 intensity among @entity1 increased significantly during testing. @entity158 intensity after the subtest for verbal mental reaction time (independent of test sequence) was significantly correlated with results in this subtest, the more @entity158 , the more time was needed. CONCLUSION: Compared to healthy controls, @entity1 performed worse overall. Concerning verbal reaction time, the impairment was correlated with @entity158 intensity. The findings support the hypothesis that @entity158 might be one important factor leading to @entity73 in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 .

title: XXXX in @entity1 with chronic @entity74 --a matched control study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['WAD', 'whiplash-associated disorder']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['Cognitive impairment']


abstract: @entity179 following a history of neurotrauma is frequently associated with @entity73 . In order to enhance understanding about the underlying pathophysiology linking neurotrauma to @entity179 , a multi-model preclinical approach must be established to account for the different @entity130 and pathophysiologic mechanisms. We investigated the development of tau pathology and behavioral changes using a multi-model and multi-institutional approach, comparing the preclinical results to @entity13859 patterns seen in post-mortem @entity1 samples from athletes diagnosed with @entity8638 ( @entity8638 ). We utilized a scaled and validated blast-induced @entity131 model in @entity35 and a modified pneumatic closed-head impact model in @entity19 . Tau hyperphosphorylation was evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Elevated-plus maze and Morris water maze were employed to measure impulsive-like behavior and @entity73 respectively. Animals exposed to single blast (~50 PSI reflected peak overpressure) exhibited elevated AT8 immunoreactivity in the contralateral hippocampus at 1   month compared to controls (q   =   3.96, p   <   0.05). Animals exposed to repeat blast (six blasts over 2   weeks) had increased AT8 (q   =   8.12, p   <   0.001) and AT270 (q   =   4.03, p   <   0.05) in the contralateral hippocampus at 1   month @entity130 compared to controls. In the modified controlled closed-head impact @entity19 model, no significant difference in AT8 was seen at 7   days, however a significant elevation was detected at 1   month following injury in the ipsilateral hippocampus compared to control (q   =   4.34, p   <   0.05). Elevated-plus maze data revealed that @entity35 exposed to single blast (q   =   3.53, p   <   0.05) and repeat blast (q   =   4.21, p   <   0.05) spent more time in seconds exploring the open arms compared to controls. Morris water maze testing revealed a significant difference between groups in acquisition times on days 22-27. During the probe trial, single blast (t   =   6.44, p   <   0.05) and repeat blast (t   =   8.00, p   <   0.05) @entity35 spent less time in seconds exploring where the platform had been located compared to controls. This study provides a multi-model example of replicating tau and behavioral changes in animals and provides a foundation for future investigation of @entity8638 pathophysiology and therapeutic development.

title: The Quest to Model XXXX : A Multiple Model and Injury Paradigm Experience.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric and cognitive symptoms', 'cognitive deficits']

entities_list: @entity179 :: ('MESH:D019636', 'Disease') :: ['neurodegeneration', 'Chronic neurodegeneration']

entities_list: @entity8638 :: ('MESH:D020208', 'Disease') :: ['CTE disease', 'CTE', 'chronic traumatic encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury paradigms', 'post-injury']

answer: @entity8638 :: (MESH:D020208,Disease) :: ['Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy']


abstract: PURPOSE: Repeat biopsy has been advocated following the diagnosis of high grade @entity5436 to exclude coexisting @entity263 . We further define the natural history of high grade @entity5436 by determining the incidence of @entity263 3 years following diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 31 @entity1 underwent followup interval biopsy 3 years after high grade @entity5436 diagnosis in 1996 to 1997, regardless of change in serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) or digital rectal examination findings. A single pathologist reviewed all biopsy specimens. All @entity1 had a minimum of 12 biopsy cores taken at the time of diagnosis. RESULTS: A 3-year followup interval biopsy eight (25.8%) @entity1 had @entity263 , 11 (35.5%) had high grade @entity5436 only and 12 (38.7%) had no disease. Mean serum @entity1486 at diagnosis and before the followup biopsy was 6.88 and 9.69 ng./dl., respectively (p = 0.008). Of the @entity1 48% had less than a 1.0 unit increase in serum @entity1486 . Upon univariate regression analysis change in serum @entity1486 was not associated with the detection of @entity263 (p >0.10). All 4 @entity1 who subsequently underwent radical prostatectomy had organ confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: In a high proportion of @entity1 with high grade @entity263 will develop in a 3-year interval. Our findings support the concept that high grade @entity5436 is a precursor to @entity263 and that repeat biopsy at a delayed interval is recommended regardless of changes in @entity1486 .

title: Followup interval prostate biopsy 3 years after diagnosis of high grade @entity5436 is associated with high likelihood of @entity263 , independent of change in XXXX levels.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate specific antigen']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity5436 :: ('MESH:D019048', 'Disease') :: ['prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate specific antigen']


abstract: The feeding habits of Anopheles sacharovi under natural conditions and in feeding rooms were investigated by use of the gel diffusion technique. Mosquitoes were collected from various villages of Cukurova and also from feeding rooms especially prepared for these experiments. @entity1 , @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity1573 , @entity1641 , and @entity15382 were used as hosts in these rooms. The results showed that An. sacharovi is a zoophilic species. The females preferred @entity15382 when @entity1 , @entity291 , @entity742 , @entity1573 , and @entity1641 were equally available. Their preference changed to @entity1641 , @entity291 , and @entity742 in the absence of @entity15382 . The @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was always smaller than 1 for @entity1 in habitats offering a choice of hosts. The @entity1 blood index was high only in @entity1 dwellings. In other habitats numbers of mosquitoes feeding on animals were higher than on humana. Although the @entity1 blood index was low, An. sacharovi is the principal @entity1 @entity311 vector in @entity233 partly because a significant proportion of those resting in @entity1 dwellings have fed upon the occupants, and partly because of the uneven distribution of @entity1 and animal hosts.

title: Bloodfeeding behavior of Anopheles sacharovi in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity2132 :: ('MESH:D006086', 'Disease') :: ['HPI', 'host preference index']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['Turkey']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: It has long been suggested that face recognition relies on specialized mechanisms that are not involved in visual recognition of other object categories, including those that require expert, fine-grained discrimination at the exemplar level such as written words. But according to the recently proposed many-to-many theory of object recognition (MTMT), visual recognition of faces and words are carried out by common mechanisms [Behrmann, M., _ Plaut, D. C. ( 2013 ). Distributed circuits, not circumscribed centers, mediate visual recognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17, 210-219]. MTMT acknowledges that face and word recognition are lateralized, but posits that the mechanisms that predominantly carry out face recognition still contribute to word recognition and vice versa. MTMT makes a key prediction, namely that acquired prosopagnosics should exhibit some measure of @entity51 . We tested this prediction by assessing written word recognition in five acquired prosopagnosic @entity1 . Four @entity1 had lesions limited to the right hemisphere while one had bilateral lesions with more pronounced lesions in the right hemisphere. The @entity1 completed a total of seven word recognition tasks: two lexical decision tasks and five reading aloud tasks totalling more than 1200 trials. The performances of the four older @entity1 (3 female, age range 50-64 years) were compared to those of 12 older controls (8 female, age range 56-66 years), while the performances of the younger prosopagnosic (male, 31 years) were compared to those of 14 younger controls (9 female, age range 20-33 years). We analysed all results at the single- @entity1 level using Crawford's t-test. Across seven tasks, four prosopagnosics performed as quickly and accurately as controls. Our results demonstrate that acquired prosopagnosia can exist without @entity51 . These findings are inconsistent with a key prediction of MTMT. They instead support the hypothesis that face recognition is carried out by specialized mechanisms that do not contribute to recognition of written words.

title: Acquired prosopagnosia without XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['word recognition deficits']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['word recognition deficits']


abstract: Comparative effects of four @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors (PGSI) on the acutely obstructed kidney were studied using an intact @entity235 model. Trigonal vesicostomies were @entity5274 were @entity8 . After recovery, experiments were run at weekly intervals with one drug administered each week in a random fashion. @entity1695 was obtained using a Fogarty balloon catheter passed retrogradely into the distal ureter and inflated. When renal pelvic pressure reached 80 cm./ @entity4358 the designated PGSI was given and a repeat dose was given 30 minutes later. Mean blood pressure was also monitored during several experiments. With the first dose significant decreases in renal pelvic pressure were obtained with all drugs tested. Only @entity5018 showed a significant further decrease with the second dose. @entity5018 showed the greatest decrease in pressure with the first dose, which was significantly greater than the other drugs tested. There was no association between mean blood pressure changes and the nadir of renal pelvic pressure.

title: Comparative effects of four @entity3009 synthesis inhibitors on the obstructed kidney in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['placed to monitor renal pelvic pressures']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['Complete ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['Ibuprofen', 'ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity3009 :: ('CHEBI:26333', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin']

entities_list: @entity5274 :: ('MESH:D005184', 'Disease') :: ['constructed and totally implanted nephrostomy tubes']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: Racial/ethnic disparities in female @entity0 survival continue to persist in United States. However, disparities comparing @entity3004 ( @entity3004 ), Asians and Caucasians remain to be assessed. We aimed to assess multiracial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival, and to examine the factors that may explain the variability. A total of 6,951 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 between 1992 and 1998 were identified from surveillance, epidemiology, and end results @entity5 registries. The effect of race/ethnicity and the prognostic factors on survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard model. @entity3004 demonstrated a @entity1349 . Compared to Asians, Caucasians had 74% increased risk of dying (HR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.31-2.33), while @entity3004 were almost three times as likely as Asians to die, (HR = 2.78, 95% CI 2.02-3.86). After adjustment for the relevant covariates the @entity1349 of @entity3004 persisted. Relative to Asians, Caucasians were 45% more likely to die (HR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.93), while @entity3004 were more than two times as likely to die (HR = 2.57, 95% CI 1.86-3.55). There were substantial racial/ethnic disparities in @entity0 survival among United States @entity1 . @entity3004 demonstrated @entity1349 compared with either Caucasia ns or Asians, which persisted even after controlling factors known to influence @entity0 survival.

title: A five-year XXXX -specific @entity1349 of African American @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity3004 :: ('MESH:C537904', 'Disease') :: ['AA', 'African Americans']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['survival disadvantage']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Ductoscopy is a low invasive method enabling the diagnostics of @entity75 in breasts. Fiberoptic ductoscopy (FDS) is important in the diagnosis of @entity1 with pathological nipple discharge. There are attempts to apply FDS in @entity1 with @entity0 without the presence of nipple discharge. AIM: To assess fiberoptic ductoscopy in the diagnostics of @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material was composed of a group of 164 @entity1 treated for @entity75 in breasts. In the analyzed group of @entity1 , FDS was conducted in 128 @entity1 with pathological nipple discharge and 36 @entity1 with the presence of @entity0 . The analyzed period was divided into three sub-periods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) and negative predictive value (NPV) of FDS examination verified by post-operative histopathological examination were analyzed. The safety of the method was also assessed, taking into consideration the complications. RESULTS: An increasing number of successful ductoscopies together with the number of performed FDS examinations was noted. There were statistically significant differences in the percentage of successful cannulations in relation to the number of performed FDS examinations in the three subsequent stages of the project (p = 0.011). The duration of FDS examination in the third period was reduced in comparison with the first and second period (p < 0.001). Sensitivity of fiberoptic ductoscopy is 68.1%, specificity 77.3% and @entity2286 90.4%, but NPV is 44.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of fiberoptic ductoscopy in our clinic has contributed to the widening of the diagnostic possibilities of small intraductal lesions of the mammary gland.

title: The significance of ductoscopy of mammary ducts in the diagnostics of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['intraductal proliferative lesions']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer', 'breast neoplasms']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast neoplasms']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity3446 inhibits the growth, function, and metabolism of @entity1 @entity850 ( @entity850 )-derived fibroblasts. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled in vitro study. SETTING: Tertiary care hospital in a research university. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from biopsies of 5 @entity1 with @entity850 were cultured. Cell proliferation, histology, gene expression, and cellular metabolism of @entity850 -derived fibroblasts were assessed in 4 conditions: (1) fibroblast growth medium, (2) fibroblast growth medium with @entity3733 ( @entity3733 ), (3) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-10) M (low-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 , and (4) fibroblast growth medium with 10(-9) M (high-dose) @entity3446 dissolved in @entity3733 . RESULTS: The @entity850 fibroblast count and DNA concentration were reduced after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 compared to @entity3733 (P = .0007) and normal (P = .0007) controls. Collagen I expression decreased after treatment with high-dose @entity3446 versus control (P = .0051) and @entity3733 (P = .0093) controls. Maximal respiration decreased to 68.6 pMoles of @entity26 /min/10 mg/protein from 96.9 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 97.0 for normal (P = .0022) controls. @entity855 ( @entity855 ) production decreased to 66.8 pMoles from 88.1 for @entity3733 (P = .0006) and 83.3 for normal (P = .0003) controls. Basal respiration decreased to 78.6 pMoles from 108 for @entity3733 (P = .0002) and 101 for normal (P = .0014) controls. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3446 demonstrated an anti-fibroblast effect by significantly reducing the proliferation, metabolism, and collagen deposition of @entity1 @entity850 fibroblast in vitro. @entity3446 significantly decreased oxidative phosphorylation of @entity850 fibroblasts, suggesting at a potential mechanism for the reduced proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, @entity3446 's anti-fibroblast effects indicate a promising adjuvant therapy for the treatment of @entity850 .

title: @entity3446 inhibits @entity1 XXXX -derived fibroblast proliferation, metabolism, and function in vitro.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3733 :: ('MESH:D004121', 'Chemical') :: ['dimethylsulfoxide', 'DMSO']

entities_list: @entity3446 :: ('MESH:D020123', 'Chemical') :: ['Rapamycin', 'rapamycin']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['LTS', 'laryngotracheal stenosis']

entities_list: @entity855 :: ('MESH:D000255', 'Chemical') :: ['Adenosine triphosphate', 'ATP']

answer: @entity850 :: (MESH:D003251,Disease) :: ['laryngotracheal stenosis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1491 ( @entity1491 ) is the most common @entity1 @entity5 and its incidence is rising worldwide. Ultraviolet radiation exposure, including tanning bed use, as well as host factors play a role in its development. The majority of cases are treated and cured with local therapies including surgery. Yet, the health care costs of diagnosis and treatment of BCCs in the US is substantial. In the United States, the cost of @entity1489 care in the Medicare population is estimated to be US 426 million per year. While rare, locally advanced BCCs that can no longer be controlled with surgery and/or radiation, and metastatic BCCs do occur and can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Vismodegib ( @entity2752 ), a smoothened inhibitor targeted at the hedgehog pathway, is the first US Food and Drug Association (FDA)-approved agent in the treatment of locally advanced, unresectable, and metastatic BCCs. This class of agents appears to be changing the survival rates in advanced @entity1491 @entity1 , but appropriate @entity1 selection and monitoring are important. Multidisciplinary assessments are essential for the optimal care and management of these @entity1 . For some @entity1 with locally advanced @entity1491 , treatment with a hedgehog inhibitor may eliminate the need for an excessively disfiguring or morbid surgery.

title: XXXX , the hedgehog pathway, and treatment options - role of smoothened inhibitors.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['nonmelanoma skin cancer']

entities_list: @entity1491 :: ('MESH:D002280', 'Disease') :: ['Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma', 'BCC']

answer: @entity1491 :: (MESH:D002280,Disease) :: ['Advanced basal cell carcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare fractionation schemes and outcomes of @entity1 with @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) treated in institutional prospective spinal stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) trials who did not previously undergo radiation treatment at the site of the SSRS. METHODS @entity1 enrolled in 2 separate institutional prospective protocols and treated with SSRS between 2002 and 2011 were included. A secondary analysis was performed on @entity1 with previously nonirradiated @entity1358 spinal metastases treated with either single-fraction (SF) or multifraction (MF) SSRS. RESULTS SSRS was performed in 47 spinal sites on 43 @entity1 . The median age of the @entity1 was 62 years (range 38-75 years). The most common histological subtype was clear cell (n = 30). Fifteen sites underwent surgery prior to the SSRS, with laminectomy the most common procedure performed (n = 10). All SF SSRS was delivered to a dose of 24 Gy (n = 21) while MF regiments were either 27 Gy in 3 fractions (n = 20) or 30 Gy in 5 fractions (n = 6). The median overall survival duration for the entire cohort was 22.8 months. The median local control (LC) for the entire cohort was 80.6 months with 1-year and 2-year actuarial LC rates of 82% and 68%, respectively. Single-fraction SSRS correlated with improved 1- and 2-year actuarial LC relative to MF SSRS (95% vs 71% and 86% vs 55%, respectively; p = 0.009). On competing risk analysis, SF SSRS showed superior LC to MF SSRS (subhazard ratio [SHR] 6.57, p = 0.014). On multivariate analysis for LC with @entity5 volume (p = 0.272), number of treated levels (p = 0.819), gross @entity5 volume (GTV) coverage (p = 0.225), and GTV minimum point dose (p = 0.97) as covariates, MF SSRS remained inferior to SF SSRS (SHR 5.26, p = 0.033) CONCLUSIONS SSRS offers durable LC for spinal metastases from @entity1358 . Single-fraction SSRS is associated with improved LC over MF SSRS for previously nonirradiated @entity1358 spinal metastases.

title: Single-fraction versus multifraction spinal stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastases from XXXX : secondary analysis of Phase I/II trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: A preparation for estimations of rates of secretion of @entity71470 ( @entity71470 ) in conscious @entity1237 is described. The procedure involved surgical isolation of a thyroid with its indwelling parathyroid gland, leaving the blood supply intact. Permanent access to the arterial and venous supplies of the preparation was secured by exteriorization of the jugular vein and carotid artery in skin-covered loops. The remaining parathyroids were removed leaving the isolated parathyroid gland as the only source of the hormone. For the seven @entity1237 operated on, the preparation has worked satisfactorily from the start in five and also in the remaining two after a reoperation to cut an accessory venous drainage. The loops have been catheterized repeatedly for extended periods of time and the preparation has proved useful for periods of up to 3 years. Secretion of @entity71470 was measured in one @entity1237 at two consecutive parturitions. In late pregnancy, secretion rates of 0.7-0.9 ng/kg per min were observed when the dietary @entity460 intake was adequate. In the first weeks of lactation, secretion increased to 1.2-1.5 ng/kg per min when the intake of @entity460 was adequate and to 2.0-2.2 ng/kg per min when @entity460 intake was inadequate. Reductions in @entity460 intake led to increased rates of secretion of @entity71470 both during pregnancy and during lactation. The results indicate that the preparation may be useful in the study of changes in @entity71470 secretion both acutely and in connection with long-term studies of dietary adaptations of the @entity460 metabolism.

title: A permanent preparation allowing measurements of secretion of @entity71470 in conscious XXXX .

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity1237 :: (9925,Species) :: ['goats']


abstract: The cell-to-medium distribution ratios at steady state of @entity534 ( @entity19713 ) and of the lipid-soluble cation @entity36958 (RTPP) were studied as a function of the membrane potential (Em) in adult @entity1 fibroblasts. The relationship between @entity19713 and Em was qualitatively similar to that of RTPP and Em. Quantitatively, @entity19713 and RTPP differed in that 1) RTPP was much greater than @entity19713 when Em was near zero, indicating a significant binding component in the uptake of @entity8331 + but not of @entity534 , and 2) after a correction for binding when Em is near zero, RTPP was still greater than @entity19713 so that RT/F . ln RTPP exceeded RT/F . ln @entity19713 by 10-25 mV. The pattern of the redistribution of accumulated @entity8331 + and @entity369 after an alteration of Em was identical. In null-point experiments, the external [K+] for which there were no changes in cellular @entity8331 + or @entity534 in the presence of high @entity9942 (the null points) were very similar for the two probes. Em calculated from the null-point measurements (-70(-)-80 mV) was also very similar to RT/F . ln @entity19713 and thus smaller than RT/F.ln RTPP. It was concluded that 1) there was an additional @entity8331 + binding as cellular [ @entity8331 ] rose in response to more negative membrane potentials, 2) the transport system for @entity534 in these cells (system y+) operates as a facilitated diffusion system driven by the membrane potential, and 3) in some circumstances, @entity534 could be employed as a probe of Em.

title: Dependence of XXXX accumulation on membrane potential in cultured @entity1 fibroblasts.

entities_list: @entity9942 :: ('MESH:D014634', 'Chemical') :: ['valinomycin']

entities_list: @entity534 :: ('CHEBI:16467', 'Chemical') :: ['L-arginine']

entities_list: @entity36958 :: ('MESH:C013289', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraphenylphosphonium']

entities_list: @entity369 :: ('CHEBI:29016', 'Chemical') :: ['arginine']

answer: @entity534 :: (CHEBI:16467,Chemical) :: ['L-arginine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity731 in the progression of @entity1002 and @entity65 has been well recognized. @entity1002 is a measure of regional @entity296 . Our objective was to investigate the relationship of subclinical @entity731 with mechanical @entity1002 in a population-based asymptomatic multi-ethnic cohort. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity1 of the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity731 (MESA) at exam 5 were evaluated using 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, carotid ultrasound (n = 2062) for common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) @entity121 ( @entity121 ), and cardiac computed tomography (n = 2039) for coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) assessment (Agatston method). Dyssynchrony indices were defined as the standard deviation of time to peak systolic circumferential strain (SD-TPS) and the difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) time to peak strain using harmonic phase imaging in 12 segments (3-slices * 4 segments). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations after adjusting for @entity1 demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, LV mass, and ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, SD-TPS was significantly related to measures of @entity731 , including @entity2998 (8.7 ms/mm change in @entity121 , p = 0.020), @entity2998 (19.2 ms/mm change in @entity121 , p < 0.001), carotid plaque score (1.2 ms/unit change in score, p < 0.001), and log transformed @entity25346 (0.66 ms/unit log- @entity25346 , p = 0.018). These findings were consistent with other parameter of @entity1002 i.e. max-min. CONCLUSION: In the MESA cohort, measures of @entity731 are associated with parameters of subclinical @entity1002 in the absence of clinical coronary event and @entity714 .

title: Association of subclinical @entity731 using carotid @entity121 , carotid plaque, and coronary XXXX score with left ventricular dyssynchrony: the multi-ethnic Study of @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity714 :: ('MESH:D002037', 'Disease') :: ['left-bundle-branch block']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['IMT', 'intima-media thickness']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular events']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LV dyssynchrony', 'global left ventricular dysfunction', 'Left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The trial was to explore the effects of Chinese medicinal plants (CMP) treatment on the advanced @entity46 (stage III-IV) after conservative surgery. A prospective, multi-center and controlled trial was conducted from June 2012 to September 2013. Sixty-five post-operative @entity1 with advanced @entity46 (stage III-IV) after conservative surgery were included in the trial. They had undergone laparoscopic surgical excision of the @entity75 and the diagnosis of @entity46 was confirmed by pathological examination. The @entity1 received either CMP treatment or @entity10925 sustained-release depot treatment (as comparison) according to the willingness of the @entity1 . In the post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 and 12 months, the @entity1 were respectively undergone ultrasonic and gynecological examinations. The serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ) were also detected in the post-treatment follow-up visit at 12 months. We found that in the post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 months, the recurrence rate of CMP group and comparison group was 1/31 (3.23%) and 1/34 (2.94%), respectively. In the post-treatment follow-up visit at 12 months, the recurrence rate of CMP group and comparison group was 5/31 (16.13%) and 6/34 (17.65%), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The serum levels of CA-125 and @entity8923 significantly decreased in both of the two groups (P<0.05) and no marked differences existed between them on the serum levels of @entity8923 (P>0.05). The serum CA-125 levels of CMP group were significantly lower than those of the comparison group (P<0.05). No adverse effect was reported in both of the two groups during the research and the follow-up period. It concluded that CMP showed promise in preventing the recurrence of stage III-IV @entity46 after conservative surgery, although the conclusion is somewhat limited due to the small size of the trial.

title: Chinese medicinal plants for advanced XXXX after conservative surgery: a prospective, multi-center and controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis lesions']

entities_list: @entity10925 :: ('MESH:D017273', 'Chemical') :: ['goserelin acetate']

entities_list: @entity46 :: ('MESH:D004715', 'Disease') :: ['endometriosis']

answer: @entity46 :: (MESH:D004715,Disease) :: ['endometriosis']


abstract: While most @entity308 @entity1 are prescribed a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity308 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or @entity1 with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity1 with @entity13217 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3756 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3756 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity1 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity1 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3756 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 , or those with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3756 for such @entity1 .

title: A pilot, open study of @entity3756 in outpatients with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or with a history of XXXX who responded but later relapsed.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant depression', 'TRD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity13217 :: (MESH:D061218,Disease) :: ['TRD']


abstract: This is a retrospective study of @entity1 having undergone surgical treatment of @entity14526 ( @entity14526 ) lesions in adulthood. The objectives were to assess the clinical, radiological, and surgical characteristics of @entity14526 in adults. There is almost no study assessing these characteristics. Seven adult male @entity1 with @entity14526 , ages between 20 and 23 (mean 21.1), had their primary evaluations between 1995 and 1999 in the Military Hospital, Yzmir, and G  lhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara. A temporary cerebrospinal fluid leak in the @entity1 with the @entity1514 and a temporary partial @entity322 in the @entity1 with the @entity75 occurred. The most common preoperative complaint was @entity1643 . This improved in three of four @entity1 (75%) but did not disappear. Although it is rare, an adult with an untreated @entity14526 is a possible entity. These lesions should be included in the differential diagnosis of @entity601 in adults. Even though they appear as a simple spinal meningocele clinically, preoperative MR imaging and CT are necessary and helpful in the precise diagnosis and surgical planning.

title: The initial treatment of meningocele and @entity75 in adulthood: experiences with seven XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['urinary incontinence']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['lumbosacral lesion']

entities_list: @entity1514 :: ('MESH:D013896', 'Disease') :: ['thoracic lesion']

entities_list: @entity14526 :: ('MESH:D016137', 'Disease') :: ['SBC', 'spina bifida cystica', 'SBC lesions']

entities_list: @entity601 :: ('MESH:D009436', 'Disease') :: ['dorsal midline lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Dendritic cells (DC) may be the most effective way of delivering oncolytic viruses to @entity1 . Reovirus, a naturally occurring oncolytic virus, is currently undergoing early clinical trials; however, intravenous delivery of the virus is hampered by pre-existing antiviral immunity. Systemic delivery via cell carriage is a novel approach currently under investigation and initial studies have indicated its feasibility by using a variety of cell types and viruses. This study addressed the efficacy of @entity1 DC to transport virus in the presence of human neutralizing serum. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Following reovirus-loading, DC or T cells were cocultured with @entity320 cells with or without neutralizing serum; the @entity320 cells were then analyzed for cell death. Following reovirus loading, cells were examined by electron microscopy to identify mechanisms of delivery. The phagocytic function of reovirus-loaded DC was investigated by using labeled @entity5 cells and the ability of reovirus-loaded DC to prime T cells was also investigated. RESULTS: In the presence of human neutralizing serum DC, but not T cells, were able to deliver reovirus for @entity320 cell killing in vitro. Electron microscopy suggested that DC protected the virus by internalization, whereas with T cells it remained bound to the surface and hence accessible to neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, DC loaded with reovirus were fully functional with regard to phagocytosis and priming of specific antitumor immune responses. CONCLUSIONS: The delivery of reovirus via DC could be a promising new approach offering the possibility of combining systemic viral therapy for @entity3 with induction of an antitumor immune response.

title: Internalization of oncolytic reovirus by XXXX dendritic cell carriers protects the virus from neutralization.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2213 is a potent inhibitor of the @entity1861 , @entity2467 , and @entity3820 ( @entity3820 ) @entity669 kinases. On the basis of variable expression of @entity2467 and @entity3820 in @entity0 and of in vitro data supporting synergy between @entity2213 and @entity416 , the Southwest Oncology Group conducted a phase II trial of the combination in metastatic @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had progressive, measurable metastatic @entity0 and received<or=2 previous chemotherapy regimens for @entity3 . Previous @entity1487 or @entity416 for @entity3 was not allowed. @entity1 were accrued on a 2-stage design and received @entity2213 400 mg by mouth daily and @entity416 at 1000 mg/m2 by mouth twice daily for 14 days of a 21-day cycle. The primary endpoint was the confirmed response rate (RR). @entity5 were evaluated for @entity2467 , @entity3820 , and hormone receptor expression. RESULTS: Nineteen fully evaluable @entity1 were enrolled, with a confirmed RR of 11% (95% CI, 1%-33%). Eleven percent had unconfirmed partial responses, and 42% had stable disease. The trial did not accrue to the second stage. The estimated 6-month progression-free survival was 16% (95% CI, 0%-32%), and the median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI, 7-15 months). The combination was well tolerated. Of 8 available @entity5 samples, 2 stained for @entity2467 , and all had stromal staining for @entity3820 . CONCLUSION: In unselected @entity1 , the combination of @entity2213 and @entity416 was well tolerated but did not result in improved RRs compared to those reported with @entity416 alone.

title: A phase II study of @entity2213 and XXXX in metastatic @entity0 : Southwest Oncology Group Study 0338.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity416 :: ('MESH:C110904', 'Chemical') :: ['capecitabine']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Tumors']

entities_list: @entity3820 :: ('5159', 'Gene') :: ['PDGFR', 'platelet-derived growth factor receptor', 'PDGFR-beta']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib mesylate', 'imatinib mesylate']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5-fluorouracil']

answer: @entity416 :: (MESH:C110904,Chemical) :: ['capecitabine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of @entity3925 for preventing @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) after lumbar spine surgery. METHODS: In this randomized, controlled study, 665 @entity1 who underwent lumbar surgery were randomly assigned to receive either @entity3925 or @entity33285 . @entity3925 and @entity33285 were used for preventing @entity49 . The occurrence of postoperative efficacy endpoint events ( @entity49 ) and safety endpoint events ( @entity548 ) was compared for each group. RESULTS: Efficacy endpoint results: in the @entity3925 group, there were 6 thrombotic events (1.7 %), 2 cases with severe @entity1211 (0.6 %), and 3 cases with symptomatic @entity1211 (0.9 %). In the @entity33285 group, there were 10 thrombotic events (3.1 %), 4 cases with severe @entity1211 (1.2 %), and 6 cases with symptomatic @entity1211 (1.9 %). Safety endpoint results: in the @entity3925 group, there were 21 cases with @entity548 events (6.2 %), 2 cases with severe @entity548 (0.6 %), and 19 cases with non-severe @entity548 (5.6 %). In the @entity33285 group, there were 21 @entity548 events (6.2 %), 1 case with severe @entity548 (0.3 %), and 16 cases with non-severe @entity548 (4.9 %). The incidences of @entity1031 , including severe and symptomatic @entity1211 , were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Bleeding event rates, including severe and non-severe @entity548 , were also not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3925 proved to be equally effective as @entity33285 for anticoagulation therapy, with both drugs exhibiting a similar prevention effect against postoperative @entity1211 after lumbar spine surgery, without increasing the risk of @entity86 .

title: Comparison of XXXX and @entity33285 for preventing @entity1211 after lumbar spine surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage', 'bleeding']

entities_list: @entity33285 :: ('MESH:C080945', 'Chemical') :: ['parnaparin']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative venous thrombosis', 'venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['Rivaroxaban', 'rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolic events']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1211 :: ('MESH:D054556', 'Disease') :: ['VTE', 'venous thromboembolism']

answer: @entity3925 :: (MESH:C503223,Chemical) :: ['rivaroxaban']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current @entity5 -node- @entity3 staging system for the pancreas does not incorporate the number of lymph nodes (LNs) with @entity3 . METHODS: Among 1649 pancreaticoduodenectomies, 227 stringently defined @entity1124 ( @entity1124 ) that had undergone a specific approach of LN harvesting were analyzed for the prognostic value of LN substaging protocols used for other gastrointestinal (GI) organs. RESULTS: The median number of LNs harvested was 18, and the median number of LNs with @entity3 was 3. Lymph node @entity3 was detected in 175 cases (77  %). The number of LNs involved correlated significantly with clinical outcome. When cases were substaged with the protocol already in use for the upper GI organs (N0: no @entity3 , N1: @entity3 to 1-2 LNs; N2: @entity3 to >= 3 LNs), the median overall survival times were 35, 21, and 18  months, and the respective 3-year survival rates were 46, 34, and 20  % (p  =  0.004). Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database also confirmed the survival differences between these substages (median overall survival times of 23, 15, and 14  months and respective 3-year survival rates of 37, 22, and 18  %; p  <  0.0001). The substaging protocol for the lower GI organs (N0: no @entity3 ; N1: @entity3 to 1-3 LNs; N2: @entity3 to >= 4 LNs) also was significant, with median overall survival times of 35, 21, 18  months and respective 3-year survival rates of 46, 26, and 23  %; p  =  0.009). The association between higher N stage and shorter survival persisted with multivariate modeling for both protocols, although the prognostic value of the upper GI protocol appeared to be slightly stronger according to the Akaike Information Criterion method. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, with proper LN harvesting, the LN @entity3 rate in @entity1124 is very high (77  %). Substaging of LN @entity3 has significant prognostic value and needs to be considered in the N staging of @entity1124 . The protocol already in use for other upper GI tract organs, which currently also is proven significant for ampulla, would be preferable, although the lower GI tract protocol also is applicable.

title: Substaging of Lymph Node Status in Resected XXXX Has Strong Prognostic Correlations: Proposal for a Revised N Classification for TNM Staging.

entities_list: @entity1124 :: ('MESH:D021441', 'Disease') :: ['PDACs', 'pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1124 :: (MESH:D021441,Disease) :: ['Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in @entity14 metastases may decrease the uptake and, thus, the effects of anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity2213 , a selective inhibitor of PDGF receptors, and anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, respectively, increase drug uptake and/or decrease IFP in preclinical models of @entity189 . Drug-induced decrease in IFP in @entity1 metastases has not been objectively shown, but should be reflected by an increase in water-perfusable tissue fraction (PTF) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) using [ @entity8493 ]water PET/CT and kinetic modelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of @entity2213 and anakinra on PTF and @entity5 in @entity14 metastases in @entity1 . METHODS: Nine @entity1 with documented progressive disease in spite of all established therapy underwent @entity8493 -water PET/CT at baseline, and at 2 days and 6-7 days after start of oral administration of 400 mg/day @entity2213 . After a washout period of one week the protocol was repeated with anakinra 100mg/day subcutaneously. Six @entity1 underwent a second baseline scan on the same day to assess reproducibility of PTF and @entity5 measurements. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn over liver metastases and aorta. PTF and @entity5 were calculated using the standard single tissue compartment model. RESULTS: @entity2213 administration during 6-7 days increased PTF from 0.62    0.12 to 0.69    0.13 compared to baseline and day 2 (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). No significant changes were found in @entity5 . PTF values were no longer significantly different from baseline one week after last @entity2213 dosage. Anakinra induced no significant change in PTF or @entity5 . The repeatability coefficients of PTF and @entity5 in @entity409 were 22% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity2213 increases PTF of @entity14 metastases in @entity1 , and hence may increase delivery of anti- @entity5 drugs. @entity8493 -water PET/CT and kinetic modelling provides novel insights into the microenvironment of @entity1 @entity5 .

title: The water-perfusable tissue fraction of @entity14 metastases is increased by the selective PDGF-receptor inhibitor XXXX but not the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, a study using serial dynamic 15O-water PET.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumor blood flow', 'cancers', 'TBF']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver lesions']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2213 :: ('MESH:C097613', 'Chemical') :: ['imatinib', 'Imatinib']

answer: @entity2213 :: (MESH:C097613,Chemical) :: ['imatinib']


abstract: A case of multiple superficial temporal artery (STA) @entity2849 following craniotomy is reported and a review of the literature is made. The @entity1 was a 17-year-old male who was hospitalized as he developed @entity1269 4 hours after @entity130 to the left temporal region. He had been diagnosed as @entity447 one year prior to the injury. CT scan showed right parietal @entity2075 with mass effect when he was submitted to emergency craniotomy. At surgery a linear scalp incision was made over the left temporal area after high factor @entity797 concentrates (con- @entity797 ), 2,000 units, were administered. His postoperative course was uneventful and @entity1269 improved substantially, however two pulsatile masses along the incision scar over the scalp were noticed some 40 days after the @entity1410 removal. There was another pulsating mass in the left wrist where an arterial cannulation was made at the time of craniotomy. Selective angiograms showed two left STA @entity2849 was also demonstrated. The left STA was embolized with Gelfoam pieces through catheterization after administration of con- @entity797 , and the @entity438 was surgically resected. There was no evidence of recurrence of these lesions during the follow-up period of eight months. Among over 130 cases of @entity2849 reported, there was no case with @entity447 and also no such a case described which developed after craniotomy on reviewing the literature. And it was proved that con- @entity797 has enabled a @entity1 to tolerate embolization procedure through catheterization.

title: [A case of multiple superficial temporal artery XXXX following craniotomy].

entities_list: @entity447 :: ('MESH:D006467', 'Disease') :: ['hemophilia', 'hemophilia A']

entities_list: @entity1269 :: ('MESH:D010291', 'Disease') :: ['hemiparesis', 'right hemiparesis']

entities_list: @entity2075 :: ('MESH:D020198', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial hematoma']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysms and left radial pseudoaneurysm', 'STA pseudoaneurysms', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['golf ball injury']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['radial artery aneurysm']

answer: @entity2849 :: (MESH:D017541,Disease) :: ['pseudoaneurysms']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary @entity0 (PBSs) are spectrum heterogeneous @entity242 in breast and the optimal treatment for them is still under discussion. Our study was to investigate clinical characteristics and identify potential prognostic factors for this rare malignancy.The authors retrospectively reviewed 38 @entity1 with PBSs between October 2000 and February 2014 in FuDan University Shanghai @entity5 Center. Local control rate and overall survival (OS) were determined by Kaplan-Meier actuarial method. Univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards model were applied to identify potential prognostic factors.With median follow-up of 40.19 months, 14 @entity1 (14/38) were found with local recurrence. Extensive operation like mastectomy was not superior to local resection (P=0.167). Three-year recurrence-free survival and OS rate were 61.9% and 89%, respectively. Larger @entity5 size and local recurrence were indicated as unfavorable prognostic factors in univariate analysis. Cox model identified narrow interval of recurrence free survival as an unfavorable factor (P=0.048).Surgery remains crucial treatment for PBSs. Mastectomy, however, is not routinely necessary if clear margin could be achieved by local excision. Early recurrence indicates a poor OS.

title: Early Local Recurrence Presents Adverse Effect on Outcomes of Primary XXXX : A Retrospective Study From Single Institute in China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'Cancer']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast sarcomas']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['sarcomas']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['Breast Sarcoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dorsal striatum has been shown to contribute to @entity4207 and memory, but the role of striatal subregions in this important aspect of cognitive functioning remains unclear. Moreover, the spatial-cognitive mechanisms that underlie the involvement of these regions in spatial navigation have scarcely been studied. We therefore compared @entity4207 and memory performance in @entity19 with lesions in dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral striatum (DLS) using the hidden-platform version of the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Compared to sham-operated controls, animals with @entity16 were impaired during MWM acquisition training. These @entity19 displayed delayed @entity4207 , increased thigmotaxis, and increased search distance to the platform, in the absence of major @entity66 , working @entity2414 or changes in @entity148 or exploration. They failed to show a preference for the target quadrant during probe trials, which further indicates that @entity2414 was impaired in these animals. Search strategy analysis moreover demonstrated that DMS-lesioned @entity19 were unable to deploy cognitively advanced spatial search strategies. Conversely, MWM performance was barely affected in animals with lesions in DLS. In conclusion, our results indicate that DMS and DLS display differential functional involvement in @entity4207 and memory. Our results show that DMS, but not DLS, is crucial for the ability of @entity19 to acquire spatial information and their subsequent deployment of spatial search strategies. These data clearly identify DMS as a crucial brain structure for @entity4207 and memory, which could explain the occurrence of @entity149 in @entity75 that affect the dorsal striatum.

title: Inability to acquire spatial information and deploy spatial search strategies in XXXX with lesions in dorsomedial striatum.

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['motor dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['DMS damage']

entities_list: @entity149 :: ('MESH:D002493', 'Disease') :: ['neurocognitive impairments']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['spatial reference memory', 'memory defects']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine how the implementation of @entity1486 (PSA) testing has affected disease-specific survival and other characteristics of @entity263 . METHODS: Data were collected on all @entity1 with @entity263 diagnosed between 1988 and 1998 and registered in the Center for @entity4623 Research Database at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Statistical analyses were used to summarize trends over time in survival, mortality, and clinical stage. RESULTS: Between 1988 and 1998, a total of 2042 @entity1 with @entity263 were registered at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 86.9% and 93.7% for @entity1 diagnosed in the respective year groups of 1988 to 1991 and 1992 to 1994, with follow-up through December 1, 2000 (P < 0.001). @entity263 was the cause of @entity204 for 37.5% of the @entity1 in 1988 to 1989 versus 15.4% in 1999 to 2000. Marked stage migration has occurred; from 1988 to 1998, the percentage of @entity1 presenting with @entity3 decreased from 14.1% to 3.3% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant improved 5-year disease-specific survival and a decreased chance of dying from @entity263 has occurred after the widespread implementation of PSA. We suspect that PSA testing has resulted in fewer @entity1 presenting with @entity3 and more @entity1 presenting with localized disease amenable to curative treatment. This portends well for the use of PSA screening to improve outcomes for @entity263 . However, randomized trials are needed to confirm the improvements in survival and mortality.

title: Improved @entity263 -specific survival and other disease parameters: impact of XXXX testing.

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'Prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity4623 :: ('MESH:D011469', 'Disease') :: ['Prostate Disease']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize treatment patterns and oncologic outcomes in @entity1 with low-volume lymph node @entity3 ( @entity5 cells [ITCs] and micrometastasis [MM]) discovered during sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping for @entity1204 . METHODS: We identified @entity1204 cases treated surgically from September 2005 to April 2013 in which SLN mapping was performed. MM was defined as @entity5 within a lymph node measuring >0.2  mm but <2.0  mm, and ITCs were those measuring  <=0.2  mm. RESULTS: Overall, 844 @entity1 , with a median age of 61  years (range 30-90), met the inclusion criteria. Histology was as follows: endometrioid, 724 (85.8  %) @entity1 ; serous, 104 (12.3  %) @entity1 ; and clear cell, 16 (1.9  %) @entity1 . The median number of lymph nodes resected was six (range 0-60), and the median number of SLNs was two (range 0-15). Overall, 753 (89.2  %) @entity1 were node-negative, 23 (2.7  %) had ITCs only, 21 (2.5  %) had MM only, and 47 (5.6  %) had macrometastasis. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered to 106 (14  %) of 753 node-negative @entity1 , 19 (83  %) of 23 @entity1 with ITCs, 17 (81  %) of 21 @entity1 with MM, and 42 (89  %) of 47 with macrometastasis. Median follow-up was 26  months (range 0-108). Three-year recurrence-free survival was as follows: node-negative @entity1 , 90  % (  1.5); ITCs only, 86  % (  9.4); MM only, 86  % (  9.7); and macrometastasis, 71  % (  7.2) [p  <  0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with ITCs and MM frequently received adjuvant chemotherapy and had improved oncologic outcomes in comparison to those with macrometastasis to the lymph nodes. Further prospective study is needed to determine optimal post-resection management in @entity1 with ITCs or MM alone.

title: Low-Volume Lymph Node XXXX Discovered During Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping for @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'isolated tumor']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial carcinoma', 'endometrial cancer']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['Metastasis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular remodeling after @entity583 involves changes in ventricular size, shape, structure, and matrix that impact on function. Prolonged @entity2814 inhibition after @entity1188 with @entity3371 reduces @entity67 and improves clinical outcome, but whether @entity4688 produces similar benefits is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of @entity4688 during healing between 1 day and 6 weeks after @entity583 on in vivo changes in ventricular size, shape, mass, and function (asynergy, or akinesis and dyskinesis, and ejection fraction), as determined by serial two-dimensional echocardiography, hemodynamics, postmortem topography (planimetered short- and long-axis ventricular contours), and collagen content (determined by levels of @entity720 , a marker for collagen), was measured in 25 instrumented @entity235 . The @entity235 were randomized 1 day after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to a control group (no treatment) and a group receiving oral @entity4688 (2.5 mg BID). Compared with no treatment, @entity4688 produced a sustained lowering of left atrial pressure but no difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure over the 6 weeks. Also compared with no treatment, @entity4688 modified in vivo remodeling parameters between 1 day and 6 weeks, with less elongation of the asynergy-containing segment, a lower expansion index (ratio of endocardial lengths of @entity1188 to non- @entity1188 -containing segments demarcated by @entity121 ), less scar wall thinning, a lower thinning ratio (ratio of average thickness of infarcted wall to average thickness of the normal wall), smaller ventricular volume, less regional bulging and @entity439 frequency, prevention of the increase in ventricular mass, less total extent of asynergy, and higher volume ejection fraction. At postmortem examination, scar mass was similar in the two groups, but topographic maps with @entity4688 revealed less @entity1188 , and less noninfarct wall thickness. In addition, postmortem collagen content was similar in noninfarct zones of the two groups but lower in @entity1188 zones of the @entity235 given @entity4688 . CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity4688 therapy, in a dose that did not lower blood pressure, during healing after anterior @entity1188 produced prolonged reduction of left ventricular preload in @entity235 . This diastolic unloading was associated with limitation of remodeling parameters ( @entity1188 expansion and thinning, progressive @entity2554 and @entity1184 , and regional bulging), less total asynergy, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although @entity2814 inhibition was associated with lower collagen content in the @entity1188 area and altered scar topography, these effects did not impact negatively on overall remodeling and function.

title: Effect of XXXX on ventricular remodeling and function during healing after @entity583 in the @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity2814 :: ('610668(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct bulging, flatter infarct scars', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle landmarks']

answer: @entity4688 :: (MESH:D004656,Chemical) :: ['enalapril']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to review the current literature concerning the indication of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND), its extent and complications in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) staging, the available tools, and the future perspectives to assess the risk of lymph node invasion (LNI). METHODS: A literature review was performed using the Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy included the terms pelvic lymph nodes, PLND, radical prostatectomy, @entity263 , lymph node invasion, biochemical recurrence, staging, sentinel lymph node dissection, imaging, and molecular markers. RESULTS: PLND currently represents the gold standard for nodal staging in @entity263 @entity1 . Available imaging techniques are characterized by poor accuracy in the prediction of LNI before surgery. On the contrary, an extended PLND (ePLND) would result into proper staging in the majority of the cases. Several models based on preoperative disease characteristics are available to assess the risk of LNI. Although ePLND is not associated with a substantial risk of severe complications, up to 10% of the @entity1 undergoing this procedure experience lymphoceles. Concerns over potential morbidity of ePLND led many authors to investigate the role of sentinel lymph node dissection in order to prevent unnecessary ePLND. Finally, the incorporation of novel biomarkers in currently available tools would improve our ability to identify @entity1 who should receive an ePLND. CONCLUSIONS: Nowadays, the most informative tools predicting LNI in @entity263 @entity1 consist in preoperative clinical nomograms. Sentinel lymph node dissection still remains experimental and novel biomarkers are needed to identify @entity1 at a higher risk of LNI.

title: Pelvic lymph node dissection in XXXX : indications, extent and tailored approaches.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['PCa', 'prostate cancer']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: One unique feature of @entity311 parasites is the differential transcription of structurally distinct rRNA (rRNA) genes at different developmental stages: the A-type genes are transcribed mainly in asexual stages, whereas the S-type genes are expressed mostly in sexual or mosquito stages. Conclusive functional evidence of different rRNAs in regulating stage-specific parasite development, however, is still absent. Here we performed genetic crosses of @entity501 parasites with one parent having an @entity245 ( @entity245 ) phenotype and another producing normal oocysts to identify the gene(s) contributing to the @entity245 . The parent with @entity245 -characterized as having small oocysts and lacking infective sporozoites-was obtained after introduction of a plasmid with a green fluorescent protein gene into the parasite genome and subsequent passages in @entity19 . Quantitative trait locus analysis of genome-wide microsatellite genotypes of 48 progeny from the crosses linked an ~200-kb segment on chromosome 6 containing one of the S-type genes (D-type small subunit rRNA gene [D-ssu]) to the @entity245 . Fine mapping of the plasmid integration site, gene expression pattern, and gene knockout experiments demonstrated that disruption of the D-ssu gene caused the @entity245 phenotype. Interestingly, introduction of the D-ssu gene into the same parasite strain (self), but not into a different subspecies, significantly affected or completely ablated oocyst development, suggesting a stage- and subspecies (strain)-specific regulation of oocyst development by D-ssu. This study demonstrates that @entity501 D-ssu is essential for normal oocyst and sporozoite development and that variation in the D-ssu sequence can have dramatic effects on parasite development. IMPORTANCE: @entity311 parasites are the only known organisms that express structurally distinct rRNA genes at different developmental stages. The differential expression of these genes suggests that they play unique roles during the complex life cycle of the parasites. Conclusive functional proof of different rRNAs in regulating parasite development, however, is still absent or controversial. Here we functionally demonstrate for the first time that a stage-specifically expressed D-type small-subunit rRNA gene (D-ssu) is essential for oocyst development of the @entity311 parasite @entity501 in the mosquito. This study also shows that variations in D-ssu sequence and/or the timing of transcription may have profound effects on parasite oocyst development. The results show that in addition to protein translation, rRNAs of @entity311 parasites also regulate parasite development and differentiation in a strain-specific manner, which can be explored for controlling parasite transmission.

title: Regulation of XXXX Oocyst Development by Strain- and Stage-Specific Small-Subunit rRNA.

entities_list: @entity311 :: ('MESH:D008288', 'Disease') :: ['Malaria', 'malaria']

entities_list: @entity245 :: ('MESH:D002658', 'Disease') :: ['oocyst development defect', 'ODD']

entities_list: @entity501 :: ('5861', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium yoelii', 'P.  yoelii']

answer: @entity501 :: (5861,Species) :: ['Plasmodium yoelii']


abstract: @entity2100 premutations are considered to be a risk factor for @entity11157 ( @entity11157 ), which is usually defined as menopause at age <40 years. Since premutations may be inherited from either the mother or the father, we evaluated the influence of the inheritance pattern on the duration of reproductive life in female carriers. The occurrence of @entity11157 and age at menopause in @entity1 with a paternally inherited @entity2100 premutation (PIP) were compared to those in @entity1 with a @entity2100 ( @entity2100 ). We identified 148 @entity1 in whom the parental origin of the premutation could be determined. In 109 of these @entity1 we were able to establish whether @entity11157 had occurred: 82 @entity1 had a PIP, and 27 had a @entity2100 . Twenty-three of the @entity1 (28%) with a PIP had @entity11157 , versus only 1 (3.7%) with a @entity2100 (two -tailed Fisher's exact test; P=. 007). Kaplan-Meier analysis of all 148 premutations showed that the age at menopause was significantly lower in the @entity1 with a PIP than in the @entity1 with a @entity2100 (Breslow test in Kaplan-Meier analysis; P=.003). Our data strongly suggest that, when @entity11157 occurs in @entity2100 premutation carriers, a considerable proportion of the premutations are inherited paternally (parent-of-origin effect). We hypothesize that this may be owing to a paternal genomic imprinting effect.

title: Imprinting effect in XXXX confined to paternally inherited @entity2100 premutations.

entities_list: @entity2100 :: ('MESH:D005600', 'Disease') :: ['Fragile X', 'maternally inherited fragile X premutation', 'MIP', 'fragile X']

entities_list: @entity11157 :: ('MESH:D016649', 'Disease') :: ['POF', 'premature ovarian failure']

answer: @entity11157 :: (MESH:D016649,Disease) :: ['premature ovarian failure']


abstract: Novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) beads using @entity38305 as template for use in extraction was developed by microwave heating initiated suspension polymerization. Microwave heating, as an alternative heating source, significantly accelerate the polymerization process. By incorporating magnetic @entity1933 , superparamagnetic composite MIP beads with average diameter of 80  m were obtained. The imprinted beads were then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometer. Highly cross-linked porous surface and good magnetic property were observed. The adsorption isotherm modeling was performed by fitting the data to Freundlich isotherm model. The binding sites measured were 3.24  mol g(-1) and 1.17  mol g(-1) for the magnetic MIP beads and the corresponding non-imprinted magnetic beads, respectively. Cross-selectivity experiments showed the recognition ability of the magnetic MIP beads to analytes is relative to degree of molecular analogy to the template. Finally, this magnetic MIP bead was successfully used for enrichment of @entity38305 , @entity16825 and @entity7284 from ultrasonically extracted solution of pork and @entity1707 liver followed by high performance chromatography with fluorescence detection. The proposed method presented good linearity and the detection limits was 0.52-1.04 ng mL(-1).The recoveries were from 82.0% to 90.0% and from 80.4% to 86.8% for the spiked pork and @entity1707 liver, respectively, with the RSDs of 5.8-10.0%. Combination of the specific adsorption property of the MIP material and the magnetic separation provided a powerful analytical tool of simplicity, flexibility, and selectivity.

title: Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer beads prepared by microwave heating for selective enrichment of b-agonists in pork and XXXX liver samples.

entities_list: @entity38305 :: ('MESH:C060897', 'Chemical') :: ['ractopamine']

entities_list: @entity7284 :: ('MESH:D005280', 'Chemical') :: ['fenoterol']

entities_list: @entity1933 :: ('MESH:C000499', 'Chemical') :: ['iron oxide']

entities_list: @entity16825 :: ('MESH:D007556', 'Chemical') :: ['isoxsuprine']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: How hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against @entity741 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is poorly understood. By using a slow-releasing H2S donor, we investigated if H2S protected against @entity296 /R injury by activating @entity28890 and restoring I/R-impaired autophagic flux. Male @entity35 received anterior descending @entity1563 followed by reperfusion. The H2S donor ADT and/or the @entity28890 inhibitor, compound C (CC), were administered after occlusion. @entity1188 was analyzed histologically. @entity28890 activation was assessed in the @entity63 heart by analyzing phosphorylation of @entity28890 and S6 ribosomal protein. Autophagy was assessed by analyzing the following markers: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) I and II, @entity50461 ( @entity50461 ), @entity28190 and beclin-1. We further investigated if blocking autophagic flux with chloroquine abolished ADT cardioprotection in  vivo. Myocardial I/R reduced serum H2S levels, which was elevated by ADT. ADT enhanced @entity28890 activation and reduced @entity1188 following I/R, and both effects were abolished by @entity28890 inhibition. Myocardial I/R induced autophagosome accumulation, as evidenced by the increased ratios of LC3-II/LC3-I, upregulation of beclin-1 and @entity28190 and reduction in @entity50461 . ADT blunted these autophagic changes induced by I/R, indicating that ADT restored I/R-impaired autophagic flux. The @entity28890 inhibitor CC blocked ADT effects on restoring I/R-impaired autophagy flux. Moreover, chloroquine pretreatment abolished cardioprotection of ADT and increased autophagosome accumulation in the ADT-treated heart following I/R. In conclusion, @entity28890 activation and subsequent restoration of I/R-impaired autophagic flux are unrecognized mechanisms underlying cardioprotective effects conferred by H2S donors.

title: Hydrogen sulfide protects against XXXX and reperfusion injury by activating AMP-activated protein kinase to  restore autophagic flux.

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial I']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity1563 :: ('MESH:D054059', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'Infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity50461 :: ('24944(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['lysosome associated membrane protein-2', 'LAMP-2']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: @entity17555 is a rare infection, and it has rarely been reported after @entity1503 . In this report, we describe a fatal case of @entity17555 in a @entity1 who received antibiotics and corticoids after an @entity1503 intended to be an autologous @entity1503 . A 64-year-old @entity1 suffering from herniation of intervertebral disk between C4 and C5 received an anterior cervical spinal fusion. After the operation, he received @entity1503 and fell into disseminated @entity5642 (DIC) and preshock state. Anticoagulants and corticoids were given and he recovered from DIC and the preshock state. However, he remained quadriplegic because of @entity4282 that was initially brought out by the operation. He developed bacterial @entity3127 2 weeks after the transfusion and received antibiotic therapy. The @entity55 was cured a week later. Five weeks after the transfusion, he developed @entity55 and received antimycotic therapy. However, his condition grew worse and died 2 months after the transfusion. Autopsy revealed @entity17555 . In this case, the relationship between the erroneous transfusion and the @entity1 's @entity204 was obvious and it was considered that the erroneous transfusion should be blamed for the @entity1 's @entity204 .

title: Fatal @entity17555 after XXXX intended to be an autologous @entity1503 .

entities_list: @entity4282 :: ('MESH:D046748', 'Disease') :: ['enlargement of cervical epidural hematoma']

entities_list: @entity17555 :: ('MESH:C535390', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus pancarditis']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['Aspergillus pneumonia', 'pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1503 :: ('MESH:D006402', 'Disease') :: ['blood transfusion', 'incompatible blood transfusion']

entities_list: @entity5642 :: ('MESH:D004211', 'Disease') :: ['intravascular coagulation']

entities_list: @entity3127 :: ('MESH:D001996', 'Disease') :: ['bronchopneumonia']

answer: @entity1503 :: (MESH:D006402,Disease) :: ['incompatible blood transfusion']


abstract: Gut-derived endotoxin and pathogenic bacteria have been proposed to be important causative factors of morbidity and mortality due to @entity64 . However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the small @entity1944 caused by @entity64 have yet to be well characterized. In order to verify the possible inflammatory pathogenesis of intestinal tissue injury, a @entity19 @entity64 model was established. Cooling treatment was applied, mimicking the clinical therapy. Morphologic changes in intestinal tissue and 10 cytokines and chemokines produced from ileum tissue were detected, and their correlation was analyzed. As a result, @entity1944 in @entity19 worsened with the increase in rectal core temperature (Tc) during heat stress. When heat stress was halted at a Tc of no more than 41  C followed by cooling treatment, pathological recovery from the @entity66 was observed. However, when cooling treatment was applied after the Tc reached 42  C, the lesions continuously deteriorated until the animals succumbed. The levels of pro-inflammatory ( @entity635 , @entity2047 , @entity777 and @entity637 ) and anti-inflammatory ( @entity1618 , @entity12782 ) cytokines showed significant changes at different time points during the heat stress and cooling treatment, but no changes in @entity2304 , @entity8929 , @entity12427 and @entity58 were observed. Levels of @entity635 , @entity1618 and @entity12782 were moreover significantly correlated with @entity1944 scores. A significant inverse linear correlation was observed between @entity1944 and @entity12782 levels. In conclusion, this study provided insight into the inflammatory pathogenesis of intestinal tissue injury after heat stress and cooling treatment in a @entity19 model, and presented a potential biomarker for the evaluation of @entity1944 during @entity64 .

title: Intestinal inflammation and tissue injury in response to heat stress and cooling treatment in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1944 :: ('MESH:D007410', 'Disease') :: ['intestinal lesions', 'intestinal injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['heat stroke']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['injury of heat stress']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the associations between different levels of long-term physical activity in leisure time and subsequent causes of @entity204 . DESIGN: The Copenhagen City Heart Study is a prospective cardiovascular population study of 19 329 @entity1 and @entity1 aged 20-93 in 1976. Physical activity in leisure time was estimated at the examinations in 1976-78 and 1981-83. This analysis consists of 2136 healthy @entity1 and 2758 @entity1 aged 20-79 years, with unchanged physical activity at the two examinations, and with all covariates included in the multivariate analyses: smoking, total- @entity165 , high-density lipoprotein- @entity165 , systolic blood pressure, @entity6 , @entity167 consumption, body mass index, education, income, and forced expiratory volume in 10.78 (% predicted). RESULTS: Adjusted relative risks (95% confidence interval) for @entity301 were, for moderate physical activity 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) and for high 0.56 (0.38, 0.82). For @entity5 , moderate activity 0.77 (0.61, 0.97) and high activity 0.73 (0.56, 0.95) and for all-cause mortality, moderate 0.78 (0.68, 0.89) and high 0.75 (0.64, 0.87) for both sexes combined. Using Kaplan-Meier plots we calculated gained years of expected lifetime from age 50. @entity1 with high physical activity survived 6.8 years longer, and @entity1 with moderate physical activity 4.9 years longer than sedentary @entity1 . For @entity1 the figures were 6.4 and 5.5 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term moderate or high physical activity was in both sexes associated with significantly lower mortality from @entity301 , @entity5 and all-causes. The same tendency was found for @entity64 and @entity1576 , but the associations did not reach statistical significance.

title: Long-term physical activity in leisure time and mortality from @entity301 , @entity64 , @entity1576 , and XXXX . The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes mellitus']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory diseases']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical and epidemiological features of @entity683 A H1N1 2009 diagnosed @entity1 in the Emergency Department of 4 hospitals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective multicentre study conducted from july to december 2009. The @entity1 diagnosed by Real-Time PCR of @entity683 A H1N1 2009 in the emergency department were included. The test was requested according to the protocols established throughout the epidemic. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory variables and outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 456 cases were included, with a median age of 6.5years (PC(25-75) 3-10.6). There were risk factors of complications In 266 @entity1 (59.4%) due to the @entity683 , mainly: respiratory (47%), cardiovascular (17%), neurological (14%) and immunosuppression (11%). The most frequent symptoms were @entity221 (96%), (88%) cough, (72%) rhinorrhoea, @entity121 or @entity1395 and breathing difficulties and, less common, @entity16 . Chest X-ray was performed on 224 cases (49%), with lobar (31%) and interstitial (15%) infiltrates. One hundred and forty @entity1 (31%) were hospitalised and 3.2% required Intensive Care Unit (median stay 4 and 3.5days, respectively). The most frequent complications were @entity55 and @entity5143 . Three @entity1 died (a previously healthy @entity1 with @entity2401 and 2 @entity1 with @entity75 due to @entity1576 ). Another case of @entity2401 recovered with sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: The profile of @entity1 with @entity683 A 2009 diagnosed in the emergency department was a school @entity1 , with risk factors of complications, presenting with respiratory symptoms and @entity221 over a short time, and who can be discharged. It is important to emphasise @entity2401 , as well as the usual respiratory complications of @entity683 virus.

title: [Clinical features of XXXX A H1N1 2009: a multicentre study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'child']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle aches']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonias']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['encephalopathy']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity2401 :: ('MESH:D009205', 'Disease') :: ['myocarditis']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory failure']

entities_list: @entity5143 :: ('MESH:D001986', 'Disease') :: ['bronchospasms']

answer: @entity683 :: (MESH:D007251,Disease) :: ['influenza']


abstract: PURPOSE: This study explored a causal model explaining @entity2 @entity1 currently undertaking Chemotherapy. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 246 @entity2 @entity1 were recruited from six Oncology centers throughout the north of Vietnam. The hypothesized model, consisting of @entity22 , @entity1353 , cough, @entity148 , stage of disease, physical activity, nutritional status, and number of completed chemotherapy cycles, was constructed based on Piper's Integrated Fatigue Model and a review of the literature. RESULTS: All factors, except the number of completed chemotherapy cycles significantly affected @entity1295 . The hypothesized model explained 42.9% of @entity1295 variance. @entity1353 had the largest total effect on @entity1295 (b  =  0.397, p  <  0.01), followed by cough (b  =  0.343, p  <  0.01), @entity22 (b  =  0.318 (p  <  0.01), and @entity148 (b  =  0.115, p  <  0.05). However, @entity22 had the greatest direct effect on @entity1295 . There was also interplay among those four factors in determining @entity1295 . Physical activity and nutrition status had small effects on @entity1295 (b  =  - 0.148, p  <  0.01 and b  =  - 0.156, p  <  0.01). CONCLUSION: The model fits well to explain @entity1295 . Having the largest direct effect on @entity1295 , @entity22 appeared as a factor of choice for future @entity1295 control programs. Due to its higher direct effect on @entity1295 , @entity1353 was recommended over cough for @entity1295 management. Additionally, the interactions among @entity1295 , @entity1353 , and cough suggested that comprehensive programs, which simultaneously address these three symptoms, would be a promising approach for practitioners to consider.

title: A causal model for XXXX @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1353 :: ('MESH:D004417', 'Disease') :: ['Dyspnea', 'dyspnea']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer', 'fatigue in lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity22 :: ('MESH:D007319', 'Disease') :: ['insomnia']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['fatigue in lung cancer']


abstract: The acute effects of the @entity5241 ( @entity3215 ) mixture ( @entity14774 ) on microsomal enzymes and on synthesis and turnover of microsomal and cytoplasmic lipids of @entity35 liver were investigated. Six daily i.p. injections of 25 and 50 mg @entity5241 /kg body weight resulted in increased liver weight and liver to body weight ratios. When compared to controls @entity5241 treatment resulted in a six-fold increase in amount of @entity1447 . Activities of @entity1110 -cytochrome c reductase, @entity7680 demethylase and @entity14572 diphosphatase were increased whereas @entity413 -6-phosphatase values were decreased by @entity5241 exposure. Analysis of liver homogenate and microsomal fraction revealed an increase in lipid in @entity5241 -exposed animals. Phospholipids, @entity165 and @entity412 were significantly increased after @entity5241 exposure; however, the greatest percentage increase was seen in the @entity412 pool. The finding of an increase in microsomal @entity412 to phospholipid ratios with exposure to @entity5241 is suggestive of an increase in membrane-enclosed lipid (liposomes). Studies with labelled @entity653 indicated that the @entity5241 -induced @entity1560 resulted from increased half life but not increased synthesis of liver lipid moieties. The rate of incorporation of @entity368 into microsomal membrane and albumin was somewhat enhanced in @entity35 exposed to @entity5241 indicative of increased protein synthesis. Morphological studies showed increased occurrence of lipid material, both in cytoplasmic droplets and within rough and smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and flattened Golgi cisternae with no secretion granules containing lipoprotein particles characterized the liver from animals exposed for 6 days. The increase in lipid within membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum together with the flattened Golgi lacking typical secretory vesicles indicates a defect in transport of lipoproteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and may be the cause of the @entity5241 -induced @entity1560 .

title: Studies on the cellular toxicity of @entity3215 ( @entity3215 ). I. Effect of XXXX on microsomal enzymes and on synthesis and turnover of microsomal and cytoplasmic lipids of @entity35 liver- a morphological and biochemical study.

entities_list: @entity1560 :: ('MESH:D005234', 'Disease') :: ['fatty liver']

entities_list: @entity368 :: ('CHEBI:25017', 'Chemical') :: ['leucine']

entities_list: @entity653 :: ('MESH:D005990', 'Chemical') :: ['glycerol']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity3215 :: ('MESH:D011078', 'Chemical') :: ['polychlorinated biphenyls']

entities_list: @entity7680 :: ('MESH:D005036', 'Chemical') :: ['ethylmorphine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity3215 :: (MESH:D011078,Chemical) :: ['PCBs']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study is to investigate the epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and risk factors of @entity1582 @entity1 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in China. We analyzed @entity1582 ( @entity1582 ) @entity1 receiving chemotherapy in a prospective multicenter study. Basic characteristics, the diagnosis, and treatment of @entity3 were recorded. A total of 395 @entity1582 @entity1 were enrolled, who received a total of 443 chemotherapy courses. Among them, 17 IFDs were diagnosed during one chemotherapy course. Fourteen of these were possible @entity3 and 3 were probable @entity3 . Ten of the 14 @entity1 with possible @entity3 had @entity358 . Thirty eight (8.6  %) patients received antifungal prophylaxis, and 47.4  % of them were administered with @entity2380 . @entity1 who had a history of @entity3 or underwent a combined therapy with two antibiotics for over 7  days and with a history of @entity3028 or ductus venosus insertion were more likely to be treated with antifungal prophylaxis. All of first-line antifungal therapies were monotherapy. Eleven (84.6  %) cases were treated with @entity8201 . The median time of initial antifungal therapy was 8  days. The general condition of two @entity1 with probable @entity3 and 10 @entity1 (90.9  %) with possible @entity3 improved, while 1 @entity1 with possible @entity3 died. Multivariate analysis revealed that history of @entity3 is an independent risk factor of @entity3 . The present multicenter study suggests that the incidence of @entity3 per chemotherapy courses in @entity1582 @entity1 is 3.8  % and most @entity1 are labelled as having possible @entity3 . @entity2380 is the most common antifungal agent for prophylaxis and @entity18111 for therapeutic treatment. Previous @entity3 is a probable independent risk factor of @entity3 in @entity1582 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy.

title: Epidemiology and treatment of invasive fungal diseases in @entity1 with XXXX : findings from a multicenter prospective study from China.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['Fluconazole', 'fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['multiple myeloma', 'MM']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['lung infection']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['invasive fungi disease', 'IFD']

entities_list: @entity18111 :: ('MESH:D065819', 'Chemical') :: ['voriconazole']

entities_list: @entity3028 :: ('MESH:D000380', 'Disease') :: ['granulocytopenia']

answer: @entity1582 :: (MESH:D009101,Disease) :: ['multiple myeloma']


abstract: Does @entity1635 associated with @entity7960 behave like an idiopathic or a typical @entity4094 ? Should it be treated like an idiopathic or a neuromuscular curve? Since no precise information to answer these questions could be found in the orthopaedic literature, a retrospective study was undertaken of seventy-eight @entity1 with @entity7960 who had been followed at our neuromuscular clinic. Fifty-six of these @entity1 were found to have typical @entity7960 in accordance with the criteria of Geoffroy et al., and their cases were retained for analysis. Their mean age was twenty years (range, eight to thirty-three years). The average length of clinical follow-up was nine years and the average duration of radiographic follow-up of the @entity1635 was 3.5 years. A @entity1635 of more than 10 degrees was found in all @entity1 and was associated with a hyperkyphosis in 66 per cent. Both sexes were equally affected. Fifty-seven per cent of the curves were double thoracic and lumbar; 14 per cent were thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, double thoracic and thoracolumbar; 7 per cent, thoracic; 4 per cent, lumbar; and 11 per cent, multiple small curves. Of the fifty-six @entity1 whose cases were studied, thirty-six had been followed for at least ten years. Among these thirty-six, there were twenty whose curves were more than 60 degrees and progressed (Group I) and sixteen whose curves were 40 degrees or less and did not progress (Group II).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural history of @entity1635 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7960 :: ('MESH:D005621', 'Disease') :: ["Friedreich's ataxia"]

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['neuromuscular scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

answer: @entity7960 :: (MESH:D005621,Disease) :: ['Friedreich's ataxia']


abstract: Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have become an important tool in the investigation of @entity1897 . Electrically evoked SEPs are most suitable because they provide results with small variations and are readily repeatable. Techniques for testing 10 different @entity3140 , dermatomes, cutaneous fibers of trigeminal nerve, and nerves supplying urogenital areas are now available. The established, principal areas of application are in the investigation of @entity5300 , proximal injuries of individual nerves in upper and lower limbs, and @entity158 and in the differential diagnosis of @entity158 caused by psychogenic causes or organic lesions. The techniques have proven to be of value in demonstrating early proximal abnormalities in @entity305 . Abnormalities have occurred in trigeminal nerve lesions, @entity6982 , @entity2746 , and rare @entity16 . @entity854 have also been reported in @entity4681 , @entity3918 , and other conditions. Applications in the diagnosis of @entity75 are not satisfactory; the techniques' usefulness in the investigation of these lesions does not extend beyond aiding the selection of @entity1 for other diagnostic modalities, such as myelography, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. The usefulness of SEP techniques in the diagnosis of @entity1897 will remain, even if advances in organ imaging techniques can provide more specific information about the level and magnitude of lesions in the central nervous system. SEP techniques are an important complement to the other well-established methods, such as clinical testing, electromyography, and nerve conduction studies.

title: Role of somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of XXXX : recent advances.

entities_list: @entity6982 :: ('MESH:D052801', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['spondylopathic root lesions']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neuropathies']

entities_list: @entity305 :: ('MESH:D011115', 'Disease') :: ['polyneuropathies']

entities_list: @entity4681 :: ('MESH:D016472', 'Disease') :: ['motor neuron disease']

entities_list: @entity3140 :: ('MESH:D038062', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower limb nerves']

entities_list: @entity1897 :: ('MESH:D010523', 'Disease') :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']

entities_list: @entity5300 :: ('MESH:D020516', 'Disease') :: ['brachial plexus lesions']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['Unexpected abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'painful dysesthesias']

entities_list: @entity3918 :: ('MESH:D009223', 'Disease') :: ['myotonic muscular dystrophies']

entities_list: @entity2746 :: ('MESH:D013132', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary ataxias']

answer: @entity1897 :: (MESH:D010523,Disease) :: ['peripheral nerve lesions']