abstract: Although two main hypotheses of mitochondrial origin have been proposed, i.e., the autogenous and the endosymbiotic, only the second is being seriously considered currently. The ' @entity3884 hypothesis' invokes metabolic symbiosis as the driving force for a symbiotic association between an anaerobic, strictly @entity3884 -dependent (the host) and an eubacterium (the symbiont) that was able to respire, but which generated molecular @entity3884 as an end product of anaerobic metabolism. The resulting proto-eukaryotic cell would have acquired the essentials of eukaryotic energy metabolism, evolving not only aerobic respiration, but also the physiological cost of the @entity26 consumption, i.e., generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) and the associated oxidative damage. This is not the only price to pay for respiring @entity26 : mitochondria possess @entity842 (NO  ) for regulatory purposes but, in some instances it may react with @entity224 anion radical to produce the toxic reactive @entity1568 species (RNS), i.e. @entity6710 anion, and the subsequent nitrosative damage. New mitochondria contain their own genome with a modified genetic code that is highly conserved among mammals. The transcription of certain mitochondrial genes may depend on the redox potential of the mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria are related to the life and @entity204 of cells. They are involved in energy production and conservation, having an uncoupling mechanism to produce heat instead of @entity855 , but they are also involved in programmed cell @entity204 . Increasing evidence suggest the participation of @entity4094 involving alterations in both nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) DNA. @entity2493 is a known powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and increasing experimental and clinical evidence shows its beneficial effects against oxidative/nitrosative stress status, including that involving @entity2383 . This review summarizes the data and mechanisms of action of @entity2493 in relation to mitochondrial pathologies.

title: XXXX -mitochondria Interplay in Health and Disease.

entities_list: @entity4094 :: ('MESH:D009468', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondria in neurodegenerative and neuromuscular diseases']

entities_list: @entity1568 :: ('MESH:D009584', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrogen']

entities_list: @entity3884 :: ('MESH:D006859', 'Chemical') :: ['hydrogen']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2493 :: ('MESH:D008550', 'Chemical') :: ['melatonin', 'Melatonin']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6710 :: ('MESH:D030421', 'Chemical') :: ['peroxynitrite']

entities_list: @entity224 :: ('MESH:D013481', 'Chemical') :: ['superoxide']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial dysfunction']

answer: @entity2493 :: (MESH:D008550,Chemical) :: ['Melatonin']


abstract: A surgeon has many options available to @entity3224 in the closure of abdominal wall defects in the elective setting. In the emergent setting, active @entity281 or contamination increases the likelihood of @entity281 of permanent prosthetic material and limits the surgical options. In such settings, we have used absorbable mesh (Dexon) as an adjunct to fascial closure until the acute complications resolve. To evaluate the effectiveness of this technique, we reviewed the outcome of such closures in 26 critically ill @entity1 . Between July 1987 and June 1993, 26 @entity1 were identified who had placement of absorbable mesh as part of an emergent laparotomy at a major urban @entity130 center. Through a retrospective chart review, the incidence of complications and outcome of the closure were tabulated. Seven @entity1 were initially operated on for @entity130 . Two of the @entity1 had mesh placement at their initial procedure secondary to @entity393 from @entity130 . The remainder of the @entity1 hd mesh placement during a subsequent laparotomy for complications related to their initial procedure. Indications for these laparotomies included combinations of wound @entity6783 , @entity6177 , @entity952 , and perforation. Mesh placement in @entity1 with @entity1320 created effectively open abdominal wounds that allowed continued abdominal drainage, but required extensive wound care. Despite the absorbable nature of the mesh and often prolonged hospital stay in these ill @entity1 , none of them required reoperation for @entity6783 , recurrence of @entity6177 , or @entity281 of the mesh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of absorbable mesh as an XXXX in abdominal wall closure in the emergent setting.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity6177 :: ('MESH:D018784', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal abscess']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1320 :: ('MESH:D059413', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal infection']

entities_list: @entity6783 :: ('MESH:D013529', 'Disease') :: ['dehiscence']

entities_list: @entity952 :: ('MESH:D019958', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic disruption']

entities_list: @entity393 :: ('MESH:D034381', 'Disease') :: ['fascial loss']

answer: @entity3224 :: (57379,Gene) :: ['aid']


abstract: In vivo administration of @entity44767 once daily decreased the levels of liver microsomal cyt. P-450 to the extent of 32 and 76% at the end of 24 and 96 hrs respectively. However, cyt. b5 and @entity1110 -cyt. c reductase activities remained unchanged. In vitro incubation (15 min) of liver microsomes from @entity66642 (PB)-treated @entity35 with @entity44767 (10 mM), aerobically or anaerobically resulted in the loss (approximately 60%) of cyt. P-450 in the presence or absence of @entity1110 . Destruction of cyt. P-450 was more in PB-treated microsomes as compared to @entity5954 (MC)-treated and control microsomes. The loss of cyt. P-450 was accompanied by a concomitant loss of microsomal @entity1446 . In contrast, @entity44765 or @entity23919 upon incubation with PB-induced microsomes resulted in the conversion (25-40%) of cyt. P-450 to cyt. P-420 without any loss of microsomal @entity1446 . The destructive process is irreversible, time dependent, linear upto a substrate concentration of 10 mM and follows first order kinetics.

title: In vivo and in vitro destruction of @entity35 liver cytochrome P-450 by a monoterpene ketone, XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5954 :: ('MESH:D008748', 'Chemical') :: ['3-methylcholanthrene']

entities_list: @entity66642 :: ('CHEBI:8069', 'Chemical') :: ['phenobarbitol']

answer: @entity44767 :: (MESH:C039648,Chemical) :: ['pulegone']


abstract: While most @entity308 @entity1 are prescribed a selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) as an initial treatment, the use of SSRIs as a second or third-line treatment for @entity308 is not as prevalent. This trial assessed the efficacy of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or @entity1 with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed. Twelve @entity1 with @entity13217 who had not responded to a number of antidepressant trials (n=7), or had responded but subsequently suffered a relapse (n=5), were enrolled in an 8-week, open trial of @entity3756 . Both a completer analysis (n=6) and an intent-to-treat (ITT) analysis (n=12) were performed to evaluate @entity3756 response rates. Using a completer analysis, four @entity1 (66.6%) were classified as responders; one (16.7%) as a partial responder and one (16.7%) as a non-responder. An ITT analysis resulted in five (41.7%) @entity1 being classified as responders; one (8.3%) as a partial responder and six (50%) as non-responders. Of the four responders in the completer analysis, three (50%) achieved remission. Of the five responders in the ITT analysis, four (33.3%) achieved remission. Overall, two of seven (28.6%) non-responders and three of five (60.0%) relapsers responded to @entity3756 . The present results suggest the potential utility of @entity3756 for @entity1 with @entity13217 , or those with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed, and warrant larger, placebo-controlled studies to further explore the potential role of @entity3756 for such @entity1 .

title: A pilot, open study of XXXX in outpatients with @entity13217 ( @entity13217 ) or with a history of @entity13217 who responded but later relapsed.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity13217 :: ('MESH:D061218', 'Disease') :: ['treatment-resistant depression', 'TRD']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity3756 :: (MESH:D020280,Chemical) :: ['sertraline']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Salvage-line @entity8486 monotherapy exhibited a marked survival benefit for metastatic @entity14 (mCRC). However, the @entity137 of this regimen has resulted in the clinical use of a reduced dose of @entity8486 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Thirty-two Japanese mCRC @entity1 (median age=61 years) who had been treated with @entity8486 were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: Best objective response rate was 0% and @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was 31%. Median progression-free survival was 81 days and median overall survival was 233 days. Adverse events of any grade were observed in all @entity1 : 17 (53%) @entity1 suffered grade 3 or 4 adverse events including fatigue (13%), @entity448 (13%), hand-foot skin reaction (22%) and elevations of @entity493 aminotransferase/ @entity492 aminotransferase (19%/16%). One @entity1 with grade 5 @entity409 was identified (3%). Twenty-nine (91%) @entity1 required treatment dose reduction or a delay in treatment. The relative dose intensity was 59%. @entity8486 treatments were terminated because of disease progression (59%) or adverse events (34%). CONCLUSION: Despite a decrease in the intensity of @entity8486 treatment, because of severe adverse events, a fairly favorable efficacy was achieved in Japanese @entity1 .

title: Reduced Dose of Salvage-line @entity8486 Monotherapy for Metastatic XXXX in Japan.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['SD', 'stable disease']

entities_list: @entity8486 :: ('MESH:C559147', 'Chemical') :: ['regorafenib', 'Regorafenib']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['liver dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of radiotherapy in @entity1 with increased serum @entity1486 ( @entity1486 ) levels 6 months or more after radical prostatectomy. DESIGN: In 27 Mayo Clinic @entity1 , we examined the results of radiotherapy relative to various potentially prognostic factors during a median follow-up of 25 months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All 27 @entity1 had no nodal involvement at the time of prostatectomy and no clinical evidence of disease, as determined by history, physical examination, a radionuclide bone scan, computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis, chest roentgenography, complete blood cell counts, and serum chemistry profiles. With use of 10-MV photons and a four-field approach, these @entity1 received irradiation to the prostatic bed (60 to 67 Gy in 1.8- to 2.0-Gy fractions). RESULTS: Levels of @entity1486 initially decreased in 24 of the 27 @entity1 (89%). In 16 of the 27 @entity1 (59%), the @entity1486 level decreased to 0.3 ng/mL or less without hormonal intervention. "Freedom from failure" (defined as the actuarial chance of maintaining a @entity1486 level of 0.3 ng/mL or less) was 58% at 2 years and 48% at 3 years. The response to salvage radiotherapy was more favorable in @entity1 with no @entity5 spread into the seminal vesicles and those with serum @entity1486 levels of less than 1.1 ng/mL at the beginning of radiotherapy than in those with seminal vesicle involvement or higher @entity1486 levels. In addition, @entity1 who received radiation doses of 64 Gy or more had more favorable responses than did those who received lesser doses. Radiotherapy resulted in no severe @entity137 . No @entity1 had clinical evidence of disease at the time of this report. CONCLUSION: Isolated increases in serum @entity1486 after prostatectomy indicate the presence of residual or recurrent disease, and radiotherapy effectively decreases the @entity1486 in approximately half the cases. This result is achieved by eradicating residual or recurrent @entity5 bed.

title: Radiotherapy for isolated increases in serum XXXX levels after radical prostatectomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer in the postoperative tumor']

entities_list: @entity1486 :: ('354', 'Gene') :: ['PSA', 'prostate-specific antigen']

answer: @entity1486 :: (354,Gene) :: ['prostate-specific antigen']


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of @entity14 . METHODS: All randomized controlled trials of bevacizumab for the treatment of @entity14 from January 2003 to June 2013 were collected by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases. The primary endpoint was @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival, overall response rate and adverse events. Two reviewers extracted data independently. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata 12.0. The degree of bias was assessed using funnel plots for the effect size of @entity1349 at the primary endpoint. RESULTS: Following the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, ten studies comprising 6977 cases were finally included, of which nine were considered to be of high quality (4-7 points) and one of low quality (1-3 points). Our meta-analysis revealed the efficacy of bevacizumab in @entity1 with @entity14 in terms of @entity1349 (HR = 0.848, 95%CI: 0.747-0.963), progression-free survival (HR = 0.617, 95%CI: 0.530-0.719), and overall response rate (OR = 1.627, 95%CI: 1.199-2.207). Regarding safety, higher rates of grade >=  3 @entity101 , @entity644 , @entity548 , @entity715 , and @entity344 were observed in the bevacizumab treatment group (P < 0.05); however, the incidence of serious @entity137 was very low. There was no publication bias in the 10 reports included in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: The clinical application of bevacizumab in @entity14 is effective with good safety.

title: Value of bevacizumab in treatment of XXXX : A meta-analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity344 :: ('MESH:D005767', 'Disease') :: ['gastrointestinal perforation']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laser lithotripsy of @entity3226 in tetraplegic subjects with long-term urinary catheters is fraught with complications because of @entity1494 , @entity281 , fragile urothelium, @entity1494 , and @entity12805 . Severe haematuria should be anticipated; failure to institute measures to minimise @entity548 and prevent clot retention can be catastrophic. We present an illustrative case. CASE PRESENTATION: A tetraplegic @entity1 underwent laser lithotripsy of vesical stone under general anaesthesia. During lithotripsy, severe @entity1494 and consequent rise in blood pressure occurred. Bleeding continued post-operatively resulting in clot retention. CT revealed clots within distended but intact bladder. Clots were sucked out and continuous @entity1494 was commenced. Bleeding persisted; @entity1 developed repeated clot retention. Cystoscopy was performed to remove clots. @entity1 developed @entity1661 . @entity1494 was suspected; bed-side ultrasound scan revealed @entity384 with mild peritoneal effusion; under-filled bladder containing small clot. @entity1 developed @entity1661 and ileus. Two days later, CT with oral positive contrast revealed intra-peritoneal haematoma at the dome of bladder with perforation at the site of haematoma. Free fluid was noted within the peritoneal cavity. This @entity1 was managed by gastric drainage and intravenous fluids. @entity1 's condition improved gradually with urethral catheter drainage. Follow-up CT revealed resolution of @entity1494 , perivesical haematoma, and intra-peritoneal free fluid. CONCLUSION: If @entity548 occurs, @entity1494 should be commenced immediately after surgery to prevent clot retention. When @entity1494 is suspected, CT of abdomen should be done instead of ultrasound scan, which may not reveal @entity1494 . It is debatable whether laparotomy and repair of @entity1494 is preferable to nonoperative management in tetraplegics. Anti-muscarinic drugs should be prescribed prior to lithotripsy to control @entity1494 ; @entity117 and @entity5018 should be omitted. If significant @entity548 occurs during lithotripsy, procedure should be stopped and rescheduled. Percutaneous cystolithotripsy using a wide channel could be quicker to clear stones, as larger fragments could be retrieved; lesser stimulant for triggering @entity12805 , as it avoids urethral manipulation. But in @entity1 with small, @entity1494 , and protuberant abdomen, percutaneous access to urinary bladder may be difficult and can result in @entity130 .

title: Complications and salvage options after laser lithotripsy for a @entity3226 in a tetraplegic XXXX : a case report.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patient', 'patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity3226 :: ('MESH:D001744', 'Disease') :: ['vesical calculi']

entities_list: @entity1494 :: ('MESH:D001745', 'Disease') :: ['bladder perforation', 'Bladder rupture', 'bladder spasms', 'bladder wall oedema', 'contracted bladder', 'bladder rupture', 'bladder irrigation']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse small bowel dilatation']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal distension', 'massive abdominal distension']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity12805 :: ('MESH:D020211', 'Disease') :: ['autonomic dysreflexia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['injury to bowels']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity39939 is originally derived from medicinal herb and used preferentially in treatment of @entity309 in Far East regions. @entity56985 has strong anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory properties, acting mainly through inhibiting NF-kB signaling. Although the upstream target through which @entity56985 affects NF-kB activity is unknown, evidence suggests that @entity56985 might regulate @entity32 through @entity10182 signaling. In this study we explored the role of @entity10182 in mediating @entity56985 's anti- @entity32 and kidney protection in a @entity19 model of @entity8 . We found that @entity56985 is an activator of @entity10182 signaling. It markedly increased @entity10182 protein level, @entity10182 nuclear translocation, Nef2 transcription capacity, and the downstream protein expression. We further demonstrated that @entity56985 activation of @entity10182 is likely due to its repression of the @entity10182 inhibitor @entity41733 since it drastically reduced @entity41733 protein through the PKC-sensitive ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation. @entity56985 treatment of @entity8 @entity19 effectively reduced the @entity8 and inflammatory responses, @entity8 , and improved the pathological protein expression in an @entity10182 dependent manner. In addition, @entity56985 also @entity10182 -dependently modulated macrophage M1/M2 polarization and inhibited the IkBa phosphorylation and NF-kB nuclear translocation, hence revealing an important upstream event that contributed to its anti- @entity32 and tissue protection. Taken together our study has identified a novel pathway through which @entity56985 exerts its anti- @entity32 and renal protective functions, and provided a molecular basis for @entity56985 potential applications in the treatment of kidney and other @entity32 .

title: @entity39939 activation of XXXX signaling prevents hyperactive @entity32 and @entity8 in a @entity19 model of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory disorders', 'inflammation']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'obstructive nephropathy', 'kidney damage', 'balanced renal oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity39939 :: ('MESH:C009271', 'Chemical') :: ['Sinomenine']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid diseases']

answer: @entity10182 :: (18024(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['Nrf2']


abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of @entity562 once a week (35 mg and 50 mg) compared with @entity562 5 mg once daily in @entity1 with @entity170 . We conducted a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, 2-year study; the primary efficacy assessment was performed after 1 year. Subjects were @entity1 aged 50 years or older who had been postmenopausal for at least 5 years, with either a @entity79 ( @entity79 ) T-score of -2.5 or lower (lumbar spine or proximal femur) or a T-score lower than -2 and at least one prevalent @entity174 . Subjects received @entity562 5 mg once daily, 35 mg once a week or 50 mg once a week. All subjects also received 1 g daily of elemental @entity460 supplementation and supplemental @entity560 if the baseline serum levels were low. The primary efficacy measure was percent change in lumbar spine @entity79 at 12 months. A total of 1,456 @entity1 were randomized and received medication; 1,209 (83%) @entity1 completed 12 months. The mean percent change (SE) in lumbar spine @entity79 after 12 months was 4.0% (0.2%) in the 5 mg daily group, 3.9% (0.2%) in the 35 mg group, and 4.2% (0.2%) in the 50 mg group; each once-a-week treatment was determined to be as effective as the daily treatment. Outcomes of the secondary efficacy measurements and safety assessments were also similar in all 3 groups after 12 months. @entity562 35 mg and 50 mg once a week provide the same efficacy and safety as the daily 5 mg regimen; therefore, the lower dose, 35 mg once a week, is considered optimal for @entity1 with @entity170 who desire a once-a-week regimen.

title: The efficacy and tolerability of XXXX once a week for the treatment of @entity170 .

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['vertebral fracture']

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['postmenopausal osteoporosis', 'osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['bone mineral density', 'BMD']

entities_list: @entity562 :: ('MESH:C073008', 'Chemical') :: ['risedronate', 'Risedronate']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity560 :: ('MESH:D014807', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin D']

answer: @entity562 :: (MESH:C073008,Chemical) :: ['risedronate']


abstract: A 5-year ongoing, controlled multicenter study enrolled 150 @entity1 . Outcome measures included @entity353 ( @entity353 ), @entity2654 ( @entity2654 ), quality of life (QOL) and satisfaction questionnaires. Outcome measures during the baseline period were compared to evaluations during follow-up. Concurrent evaluations with and without device use were also performed. Safety evaluations included urinalysis and culture, leak-point pressure (LPP) and cystoscopy. Adverse events (AE) were recorded throughout the study. One to 2 years of follow-up were collected on all study @entity1 (mean 15 months). Statistically significant reductions in overall daily @entity322 episodes (P<0.001) and @entity353 urine loss (P<0.001) were observed with the device at all follow-up intervals, and 93% of @entity1 had a negative @entity353 at 12 months. @entity1 were satisfied with ease of use of the device, comfort and dryness, and significant improvements in QOL were observed (P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the insert was effective, despite the presence of urgency, low LPP, failed surgery and advanced age. AE included symptomatic @entity293 in 31.3%, mild @entity130 with insertion in 6.7%, @entity811 in 3.3%, and migration in 1.3% of @entity1 . The results of @entity353 and @entity2654 demonstrated device efficacy. @entity1 were satisfied and significant improvements in QOL were observed. AE were transient and required minimal or no treatment. The urethral insert should be considered as an option for the management of SUI.

title: Long-term results of the FemSoft urethral insert for the management of female stress urinary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity322 :: ('MESH:D014549', 'Disease') :: ['incontinence']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['PWT', 'pad weight tests']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity2654 :: ('MESH:C537271', 'Disease') :: ['voiding diary', 'VD']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infection']

answer: @entity322 :: (MESH:D014549,Disease) :: ['incontinence']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blunt @entity3511 is a leading cause of @entity204 in @entity130 @entity1 . A reliable test predicting @entity548 would be a novel method. The study objective was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of plasma @entity3265 in detection of @entity548 in @entity1 with blunt @entity1661 (BAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this observational study, all @entity1 suffering from BAT, referred to our university teaching hospital included. The levels of @entity3265 were measured at the time of emergency department admission and 1 h after initial treatment. Demographic data, vital signs, and venous blood gas reports were recorded. Findings of contrast-enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography scan and laparotomy were assumed as a gold standard for @entity3511 . RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 was enrolled in the study. 15 @entity1 (14.4%) had @entity548 and the mean plasma @entity3265 level in this group was significantly higher than the other @entity1 on admission time (101.73    5.41  g/dL vs. 47.36    26.31  g/dL, P < 0.001). On receiver-operator characteristic curve analysis, in cutoff point of 89  g/dL, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were 100% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.6-100), 93.26% (95% CI, 86-96.8), 14.83 (95% CI, 6.84-32.12), and 0, respectively. CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest the measurement of @entity3265 level at the time of admission in the @entity1 with BAT would be a useful test predicting @entity548 . Furthermore, decrease in the @entity3265 level could be a useful marker for monitoring response to treatment in these @entity1 .

title: Role of plasma @entity3265 level in detecting XXXX following blunt @entity1661 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['intra-abdominal hemorrhage', 'intra-abdominal bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal trauma']

entities_list: @entity3511 :: ('MESH:D000007', 'Disease') :: ['abdominal injury', 'abdominal injuries']

answer: @entity548 :: (MESH:D006470,Disease) :: ['intra-abdominal hemorrhage']


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Spanish province of C  diz has some of the poorest socioeconomic conditions and the highest @entity65 and mortality rates in the country. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population of the city of Sanl  car de Barrameda in C  diz. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study involved 858 randomly selected individuals aged 50-75 years. Age- and sex-adjusted prevalences of the main cardiovascular risk factors were obtained. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 61.5 years and 53.6% were @entity1 . Overall, 46% of @entity1 and 61.7% of @entity1 were illiterate; 23.7% and 7.9%, respectively, were current smokers; 30.9% and 44.8% had a sedentary lifestyle; 54% and 55.9% were @entity28 ; 29.4% and 26.1% had @entity6 ; 45% and 52.4% had @entity101 ; 40.9% and 45.1% had @entity1007 ; and 58.8% and 57% had @entity209 as defined by NCEP/ @entity855 -III criteria. The prevalence of all cardiovascular risk factors, except smoking, increased with age. Significant inverse associations were observed between educational level and @entity28 in @entity1 and between educational level and @entity6 and @entity209 in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in individuals aged 50-75 years in Sanl  car de Barrameda was extremely high. The prevalences of @entity28 , @entity6 and @entity209 were among the highest ever reported in Spain. A very low educational level may underlie these adverse findings.

title: [Prevalence of @entity28 , @entity6 , @entity101 , XXXX and @entity209 in over 50-year-olds in Sanl  car de Barrameda, Spain].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity1007 :: ('MESH:D006937', 'Disease') :: ['hypercholesterolemia']

entities_list: @entity209 :: ('MESH:D008659', 'Disease') :: ['metabolic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular morbidity']

answer: @entity1007 :: (MESH:D006937,Disease) :: ['hypercholesterolemia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity29 ( @entity29 ) of pediatric and adult onset differs in several aspects although little knowledge exists about pathogenic disparity. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized as @entity404 + @entity2902 + @entity403 + are modulators of gut homeostasis, but their role in @entity1 @entity29 remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the mucosal distribution of @entity403 + and @entity2902 + cells in untreated pediatric @entity29 @entity1 at the time of diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Untreated pediatric (n = 14) and adult (n = 12) @entity30 ( @entity30 ) @entity1 were prospectively included together with age-matched symptomatic controls. Colonic and ileal mucosal biopsies collected at diagnosis were studied by immunohistochemistry for enumeration of T cells and for mucosal expression of @entity403 and @entity2902 . Multicolor immunofluorescence staining was performed in situ to phenotype @entity403 + cells as Tregs and characterize the @entity2902 + cells. RESULTS: The density of @entity33 cells displayed only small variations, while that of @entity403 + cells and @entity2902 + cells was increased in @entity30 @entity1 . Multicolor immunofluorescence showed that most @entity2902 + cells were macrophages. Interestingly, in the ileum of pediatric @entity30 @entity1 the density of @entity403 + cells was significantly higher than in adult @entity30 @entity1 . Co-expression of @entity403 and @entity2902 , as well as @entity403 and @entity4386 , indicated that the @entity403 + cells were Tregs. CONCLUSION: Mucosal numbers of @entity403 (+) Tregs and activated ( @entity2902 +) macrophages are elevated in both pediatric and adult ileal @entity30 . The greater increase of ileal @entity403 + Tregs in pediatric @entity30 than in adult @entity30 might contribute to the relatively less frequent phenotype of isolated @entity4628 in @entity30 @entity1 .

title: Increase of regulatory T cells in ileal mucosa of untreated pediatric @entity30 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity4628 :: ('MESH:D007077', 'Disease') :: ['ileal enteritis']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucosal T']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['Inflammatory bowel disease', 'IBD']

entities_list: @entity30 :: ('MESH:D003424', 'Disease') :: ['CD', "Crohn's disease"]

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: The specific recognition of @entity354 ( @entity354 ) with or without a @entity292 in a foetus is a diagnostic challenge for prenatal medicine. The aim of the present work is to analyse the value of the measurement of gastric size in the diagnosis of this significant @entity600 . Materials and Methods: Altogether, the examinations of 433 pregnancies between the 18.4 and 39.1 weeks of gestation were retrospectively analysed. 59 of these foetuses exhibited an @entity354 . By means of a linear regression analysis with normal foetuses, significant parameters influencing gastric size were examined. Subsequently the gastric sizes were transformed into z values and a comparison was made between @entity354 with and without fistulae with the help of t tests. Results: In the normal foetuses there was a significant association between the gastric circumference and the abdominal circumference (circumference   =   6.809   +   0.179 * abdominal circumference, r   =   0.686, p   <   0.0001). In the normal group the average was 43.0 (standard deviation [SD] 13.7) mm and those in foetuses with and without fistuale were 33.8 (SD 22.7) and 0.9 (SD 3.7) mm. In 34 (57.6%) foetuses with an @entity354 , the gastric circumference was below the 5th percentile. In detail, there were 13 (34.2%) foetuses with a @entity292 and 21 (100%) without a @entity292 . The average z values in the normal group and in the groups of @entity354 with @entity292 and without @entity292 amounted to 0.0 (SD 1.0), -1.3 (SD 2.2) and -4.5 (SD 1.0). Conclusion: Measurements of the gastric circumference below the 5th percentile should lead to further diagnostic measures, especially when associated with @entity2978 . Although @entity354 without a @entity292 is always conspicuous, only about one in three @entity29624 with @entity292 are associated with a significantly smaller stomach.

title: Measurement of Gastric Circumference in Foetuses with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2978 :: ('MESH:D006831', 'Disease') :: ['polyhydramnios']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['malformation']

entities_list: @entity292 :: ('MESH:D005402', 'Disease') :: ['fistula', 'tracheal fistula']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['oesophageal atresia', 'OA']

answer: @entity354 :: (MESH:D005764,Disease) :: ['Oesophageal Atresia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The deficit subtype of @entity161 is hypothesized to constitute a pathophysiologically distinct subgroup of @entity161 @entity1 suffering from enduring, @entity191 and various @entity51 . Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are extracellularly acting endopeptidases the substrates of which are matrix and adhesion molecules. Recently, @entity1495 has been shown to be involved in various forms of synaptic plasticity, learning and memory consolidation. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate associations between the functional @entity1495 @entity15606 gene polymorphism and the deficit and @entity51 subtypes of @entity161 . METHODS: The study was conducted between 2009 and 2012. Deficit @entity161 was diagnosed using the @entity214 . The sample consisted of 468 @entity1 , Caucasians, of Polish descent with @entity1479 10 diagnosis of @entity161 : 189 [51% males] were included in a @entity51 subgroup, 279 @entity1 [53% males] were included in a deficit subgroup. The control group consisted of 532 subjects, Caucasians, of Polish descent [51% males]. @entity1495 @entity15606 gene polymorphism was genotyped using the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) method and the Light Cycler System 2.0. RESULTS: The frequencies of genotypes and alleles did not differ between the @entity161 @entity1 and control group. The deficit and @entity51 @entity1 did not differ in terms of the genotype and allele frequencies. No differences were found in genotype and allele frequencies between the deficit @entity1 and the controls and between the @entity51 @entity1 and the controls. CONCLUSION: We found no evidence for the association between the functional @entity1495 @entity15606 gene polymorphism and deficit/ @entity51 subtypes of @entity161 .

title: Functional polymorphism of @entity1495 ( @entity1495 ) gene is not associated with XXXX and with its deficit subtype.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ['idiopathic negative symptoms']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['non-deficit', 'neuropsychological deficits']

entities_list: @entity161 :: ('MESH:D012559', 'Disease') :: ['schizophrenia']

answer: @entity161 :: (MESH:D012559,Disease) :: ['schizophrenia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8043 is frequently associated with bony fragments that are difficult to see on radiographs. MRI or MDCT are often used to rule out or characterize these bony fragments. PURPOSE: To assess the use of MDCT for locating bony fragments and donor sites in @entity1 with @entity8043 , and to test whether sizes and quantity of bony fragments differ between first-time dislocations and recurrent dislocations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective data from two hospitals during a 96-month period were collected, and a total of 46 @entity1 (mean age 27 years, range 9-69 years) that had sustained an @entity8043 (22 first-time, 24 recurrent) were identified. Size, location and donor site of bony fragments were evaluated on MDCT images. Surgical correlation was available for 22 of 46 @entity1 . RESULTS: On MDCT images, the likely donor site could be identified in 62 of 71 (87%) bony fragments. Of the bony fragments that were seen on MDCT images, 40 of 68 (59%) were not seen on AP and lateral views of the conventional radiographs. There was no significant difference in size of bony fragments between first-time or recurrent dislocators (p=0.77). The average number of bony fragments were 2.1 and 1.0 in first-time and recurrent dislocators, respectively. The location and donor site of bony fragments was similar between two @entity1 groups. CONCLUSION: MDCT is a suitable imaging method to locate bony fragments and donor sites. The number of bony fragments seems to be higher in first-time dislocators than recurrent dislocators, otherwise findings between the two @entity1 groups were similar.

title: Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of bony fragments and donor sites in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity8043 :: ('MESH:D031222', 'Disease') :: ['Patellar dislocation', 'acute patellar dislocation']

answer: @entity8043 :: (MESH:D031222,Disease) :: ['acute patellar dislocation']


abstract: Although often viewed as a single disease, @entity14 more accurately represents a family of diseases with different precursor lesions. Conventional (tubular, tubulovillous and villous) @entity652 are the most common @entity1313 occurring in the large intestine. They have @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) mutations and arise from dysplastic aberrant crypt foci, initially as @entity75 . In @entity5 , @entity5 follows the traditional pathway (chromosomal instability pathway), resulting in CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)-negative, @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity817 and @entity984 wild-type @entity5 . Germline mutations in the @entity1412 gene lead to @entity1412 . Conventional @entity652 are also the precursors of @entity4309 -associated microsatellite-instable ( @entity17798 -high) @entity5 . Sessile serrated @entity6523 (SSA/P) is the principal precursor lesion of the serrated pathway, in which @entity817 mutation can lead to @entity14 with @entity17798 -high CIMP-high or @entity124 CIMP-high phenotype. SSA/Ps have been associated with synchronous and metachronous invasive @entity420 as well as so-called interval @entity189 . Serrated @entity1412 is rare but most likely underdiagnosed. Affected individuals bear an increased but unspecified risk for the development of @entity14 ; close endoscopic surveillance is warranted. @entity652 ( @entity652 ) are much less common than the other serrated lesions. Cancers originating from @entity652 may show @entity984 mutation with a CIMP-high @entity124 phenotype.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Serrated and non-serrated precursor lesions of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity124 :: ('MESH:D053842', 'Disease') :: ['microsatellite-stable', 'MSS']

entities_list: @entity4309 :: ('MESH:D003123', 'Disease') :: ['Lynch syndrome']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['neoplastic lesions']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['polyclonal lesions']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancers', 'neoplastic progression', 'sporadic tumours']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyposis coli', 'polyposis', 'APC', 'familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma/polyp']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['TSAs', 'Traditional serrated adenomas', 'adenomas']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinomas']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['colorectal cancer']


abstract: In vivo voltammetry was used to measure the synaptic release of @entity35 striatal @entity935 and @entity750 after the administration of the @entity535 @entity9484 to @entity3839 -induced @entity6 @entity35 . @entity935 and @entity750 release from @entity35 striatum was studied at a short-term or acute (3-day) interval and a long-term or chronic (3- to 7-wk) interval after the induction of @entity6 . The study was also done in age-, sex-, and food-matched controls. The findings show that @entity9484 decreased @entity935 release from @entity35 striatum in nondiabetic @entity35 . The decreased striatal @entity935 release, after @entity9484 administration, was exacerbated in acutely @entity6 @entity35 and further exacerbated in chronically @entity6 @entity35 . By contrast, @entity35 striatal @entity750 release predictably increased after @entity9484 injection in nondiabetic @entity35 . A further increased striatal @entity750 release was seen in acutely @entity6 @entity35 . Chronically @entity6 @entity35 , however, responded to @entity9484 with a dramatic and significant decrease in striatal @entity750 release. The results show that in acutely @entity6 and normal @entity35 , @entity9484 administration reduced striatal @entity935 and increased striatal @entity750 release, whereas in chronically @entity6 @entity35 , the release of both biogenic @entity4478 was decreased. The findings indicate that the progression of @entity6 is associated with an impaired ability to release primary neurotransmitter biogenic @entity4478 .

title: @entity6 -related changes in @entity9484 -induced release of striatal biogenic XXXX .

entities_list: @entity9484 :: ('CHEBI:16828', 'Chemical') :: ['L-tryptophan']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity3839 :: ('MESH:D013311', 'Chemical') :: ['streptozocin']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

answer: @entity4478 :: (MESH:D000588,Chemical) :: ['amines']


abstract: Greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) has led to more aggressive management and lower mortality, both in-hospital and long term. @entity583 results mainly from @entity715 of the @entity1188 -related coronary artery. The ensuing @entity39 evolves over a 6-12 h period providing a time window for interventions designed to reduce eventual @entity1188 size. The most appropriate interventions are those which restore coronary artery patency and hence myocardial blood flow as soon as possible. Occasionally, disruption of the occluding thrombus and compression of the underlying @entity75 is best achieved by direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. For the vast majority however, revascularisation by drug therapy is more appropriate. As soon as possible, all @entity1 without contraindications should be offered oral @entity117 and intravenous thrombolysis, usually with streptokinase but occasionally with tissue plasminogen activator. @entity1 in whom these agents are contraindicated should be considered for intravenous beta-blockade using @entity2165 or @entity1406 to reduce myocardial demand and hence @entity1188 size. @entity1 with large @entity1188 , @entity67 , @entity1002 or @entity101 should be considered for early @entity1289 inhibitor therapy. Other agents may be valuable symptomatically, but have no proven role in reducing @entity1188 size or mortality. After the first 24 h, the main aims of management are to assess the likelihood of later ischaemic events or @entity204 (risk stratification) and hence to choose appropriate long term secondary prophylaxis.

title: The management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1289 :: ('1636', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrosis']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['atheromatous lesion']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1406 :: ('MESH:D008790', 'Chemical') :: ['metoprolol']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarcts', 'infarct']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['AMI', 'acute myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['impaired ventricular function']

entities_list: @entity2165 :: ('MESH:D001262', 'Chemical') :: ['atenolol']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombotic occlusion']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular failure']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['acute myocardial infarction']


abstract: Endocrine cells isolated from the anterior pituitary fire intracellular @entity141 ([ @entity141 ]i) transients due to voltage-gated @entity141 entry. However, the patterns of [ @entity141 ]i transients within the glandular parenchyma of the anterior pituitary are unknown. Here we describe, using real-time confocal laser microscopy, several spontaneous patterns of @entity460 signaling in acute pituitary slices prepared from male as well as cycling and lactating female @entity35 . Forty percent of the cells demonstrated a spontaneous bursting mode, consisting of an active period of [ @entity141 ]i transients firing at a constant frequency, followed by a rest period during which cells were either silent or randomly active. The remaining recordings from endocrine cells either demonstrated random [ @entity141 ]i transients or were silent. These rhythmic bursts of [ @entity141 ]i transients, which required extracellular @entity460 , were detected in lactotrophs, somatotrophs, and corticotrophs within the acute slices. Of significance was the finding that the bursting mode could be adjusted by hypothalamic factors. In slices prepared from lactating @entity35 , @entity1218 recruited more bursting cells and finely adjusted the average duty cycle of [ @entity141 ]i bursts such that cells fired patterned bursts for approximately 70% of the recording period. Eighty-six percent of these cells were lactotrophs. Thus, the rhythmic [ @entity141 ]i bursts and their tuning by secretagogues may provide timing information that could encode for one or more cellular functions (e.g. exocytosis and/or gene expression) critical for the release of hormones by endocrine cells in the intact gland.

title: Rhythmic bursts of XXXX transients in acute anterior pituitary slices.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: A case-control study on @entity5 was conducted in New Caledonia (South Pacific), where a high incidence of @entity3620 had been observed. The disease pattern suggested an environmental exposure to @entity1355 . The first results showed that, in some areas, tremolite @entity1355 derived from local outcroppings was used as whitewash (locally named "p  "). All cases diagnosed between 1993 and 1995 (including 15 @entity2615 , 228 @entity2 , and 23 @entity5 ) and 305 controls were included in the study. Detailed information on past or present use of the whitewash, residential history, smoking, diet, and occupation was collected. The risk of @entity2615 was strongly associated with the use of the whitewash (odds ratio (OR) = 40.9; 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.15, 325). All Melanesian cases had been exposed. Among Melanesian @entity1 , exposure to the whitewash was associated with an increased risk of @entity2 (OR = 4.89; 95% CI: 1.13, 21.2), and smokers exposed to po had an approximately ninefold risk (OR = 9.26; 95% CI: 1.72, 49.7) compared with @entity1 who never smoked and had never used the whitewash. In contrast, no association was noted between exposure to p   and @entity2 risk among Melanesian @entity1 , probably because of lower exposure levels. Among non-Melanesians, the numbers of exposed subjects were too small to assess the effect of exposure to po. There was no indication of elevated risks for the other @entity5 sites.

title: Environmental exposure to XXXX in New Caledonia: a case-control study.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory cancers', 'cancer', 'laryngeal cancers']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancers', 'lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2615 :: ('MESH:D008654', 'Disease') :: ['pleural mesotheliomas', 'mesothelioma']

entities_list: @entity3620 :: ('MESH:C562839', 'Disease') :: ['malignant pleural mesothelioma']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tremolite and respiratory cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite growing evidence that inhibition of a6b2-containing (a6b2*) nicotinic @entity934 receptors (nAChRs) may be beneficial for the therapy of @entity286 addiction, the lack of good sources of a6b2*-nAChRs has delayed the discovery of a6b2-selective antagonists. Our aim was to generate a cell line stably expressing functional nAChRs with a6b2 properties, to enable pharmacological characterization and the identification of novel a6b2-selective antagonists. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Different combinations of the a6, b2, b3, chimeric a6/3 and mutant b3( @entity72339 ) subunits were transfected in @entity1 embryonic kidney cells and tested for activity in a fluorescent imaging plate reader assay. The pharmacology of @entity35 immune-immobilized a6b2*-nAChRs was determined with        I- @entity26331 binding. KEY RESULTS: Functional channels were detected after co-transfection of a6/3, b2 and b3( @entity72339 ) subunits, while all other subunit combinations failed to produce agonist-induced responses. Stably expressed a6/3b2b3( @entity72339 )-nAChR pharmacology was unique, and clearly distinct from a4b2-, a3b4-, a7- and a1b1    -nAChRs. Antagonist potencies in inhibiting a6/3b2b3( @entity72339 ) -nAChRs was similar to their binding affinity for @entity35 native a6b2*-nAChRs. Agonist affinities for a6b2*-nAChRs was higher than their potency in activating a6/3b2b3( @entity72339 )-nAChRs, but their relative activities were equivalent. Focussed set screening at a6/3b2b3( @entity72339 )-nAChRs, followed by cross-screening with the other nAChRs, led to the identification of novel a6b2-selective antagonists. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: We generated a @entity1 cell line stably expressing nAChRs, with pharmacological properties similar to native a6b2*-nAChRs, and used it to identify novel non-peptide, low molecular weight, a6b2-selective antagonists. We also propose a pharmacophore model of a6b2 antagonists, which offers a starting point for the development of new smoking cessation agents.

title: Stable expression and functional characterization of a XXXX nicotinic @entity934 receptor with a6b2 properties: discovery of selective antagonists.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'human']

entities_list: @entity26331 :: ('MESH:C082748', 'Chemical') :: ['epibatidine']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: 1. Single mechanically skinned fibres from the @entity35 extensor digitorum longus muscle, which allow access to intracellular compartments, were used to examine the effects of 0.5-100 microM @entity2644 ( @entity5579 ) on the major steps of the excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling to elucidate the involvement of skeletal muscle in the @entity3326 ( @entity3326 ). 2. At 1 microM, @entity5579 caused a 20-30% increase in the force response induced by @entity262 and a marked increase in the rate of @entity5834 -induced SR @entity141 release. At [ @entity5579 ]> or =2.5 microM, there was an initial increase followed by a marked decrease of the @entity262 -induced force responses, while the potentiating effect on the @entity5834 -induced SR @entity141 release remained. These effects were reversible. 3. @entity5579 had no effect on the maximum @entity141 -activated force, but caused reversible, concentration-dependent increases in the @entity141 sensitivity of the contractile apparatus at [ @entity5579 ] > or =10 microM, with a 50% predicted shift of 0.11 pCa (-log [ @entity141 ]) units at 82.3 microM @entity5579 . 4. @entity5579 did not alter the rate of SR- @entity141 loading at 1 and 10 microM, but reversibly reduced it by approximately 40% at 100 microM by reducing the SR @entity141 pump. Nevertheless, the SR @entity141 content was greater when fibres became unresponsive to t-system-induced depolarisation in the presence than in the absence of 100 microM @entity5579 . 5. The results show that @entity5579 has concentration-dependent stimulatory and inhibitory effects on various steps of the E-C coupling, which can explain the involvement of skeletal muscle in @entity3326 and reconcile previous divergent data on @entity5579 effects on muscle.

title: Effects of XXXX on excitation-contraction coupling events in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres of the @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity3326 :: ('MESH:D009459', 'Disease') :: ['NMS', 'neuroleptic malignant syndrome']

entities_list: @entity262 :: ('MESH:D034721', 'Disease') :: ['t-system depolarisation']

entities_list: @entity5834 :: ('MESH:D002110', 'Chemical') :: ['caffeine']

entities_list: @entity2644 :: ('MESH:D002746', 'Chemical') :: ['chlorpromazine hydrochloride']

answer: @entity2644 :: (MESH:D002746,Chemical) :: ['chlorpromazine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Phospholipase D (PLD; E.C. 3.1.4.4) is widespread in plants where it fulfills diverse functions in growth and in the response to stresses. The enzyme occurs in multiple forms that differ in their biochemical properties. In the present paper PLD from medicinally relevant @entity13344 seeds was purified by @entity141 -mediated hydrophobic interaction and anion exchange chromatography to electrophoretic homogeneity. Based on mass-spectrometric sequence analysis of tryptic protein fragments, oligonucleotide primers for cloning genomic DNA fragments that encoded the enzyme were designed and used to derive the complete @entity3689 sequence of this PLD. The sequence data, as well as the molecular properties (molecular mass of 92.0kDa, pI 5.39, maximum activity at pH 5.5-6.0 and @entity141 ion concentrations    60mM), allowed the assignment of this enzyme to the class of a-type PLDs. The apparent kinetic parameters Vmax and Km, determined for the hydrolysis of @entity2434 (PC) in an aqueous mixed-micellar system were 356  15 molmin(-1)mg(-1) and 1.84  0.17mM, respectively. @entity4613 analogs such as @entity70550 and @entity39377 displayed strong inhibition of the enzyme. @entity1078 had a strong activating effect at 2-10mM @entity15130 . PLD was inactivated at temperatures >45  C. The enzyme exhibited the highest activity toward PC followed by @entity3633 and @entity3634 . PCs with short-chain @entity1718 were better substrates than PCs with long @entity844 chains. Lyso-PC was not accepted as substrate.

title: Purification, sequencing and characterization of phospholipase D from XXXX seeds.

entities_list: @entity844 :: ('CHEBI:35366', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acid']

entities_list: @entity1718 :: ('MESH:D005227', 'Chemical') :: ['fatty acids']

entities_list: @entity1078 :: ('CHEBI:18348', 'Chemical') :: ['Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3633 :: ('MESH:C483858', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylethanolamine']

entities_list: @entity13344 :: ('3707', 'Species') :: ['Indian mustard']

entities_list: @entity3634 :: ('MESH:D010715', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylglycerol']

answer: @entity13344 :: (3707,Species) :: ['Indian mustard']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 6-Deoxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-D-fructose (6-[(18)F]FDF) is a promising PET radiotracer for imaging @entity42436 in @entity0 . The present work describes GMP synthesis of 6-[(18)F]FDF in an automated synthesis unit (ASU) and dosimetry calculations to determine radiation doses in @entity1 . GMP synthesis and dosimetry calculations are important prerequisites for first-in- @entity1 clinical studies of 6-[(18)F]FDF. The radiochemical synthesis of 6-[(18)F]FDF was optimized and adapted to an automated synthesis process using a Tracerlab FXFN ASU (GE Healthcare). Starting from 30 GBq of cyclotron-produced n.c.a. [(18)F]fluoride, 2.9    0.1 GBq of 6-[(18)F]FDF could be prepared within 50 min including HPLC purification resulting in an overall decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 14    3% (n = 11). Radiochemical purity exceeded 95%, and the specific activity was greater than 5.1 GBq/ mol. @entity35 were used for biodistribution experiments, and dynamic and static small animal PET experiments. Biodistribution studies served as basis for allometric extrapolation to the standard @entity1 anatomic model and normal organ-absorbed dose calculations using OLINDA/EXM software. The calculated @entity1 effective dose for 6-[(18)F]FDF was 0.0089 @entity2073 /MBq. Highest organ doses with a dose equivalent of 0.0315 @entity2073 /MBq in a @entity1 were found in bone. Injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) of 6-[(18)F]FDF results in an effective whole body radiation dose of 3.3 @entity2073 in @entity1 , a value comparable to that of other (18)F-labeled PET radiopharmaceuticals. The optimized automated synthesis under GMP conditions, the good radiochemical yield and the favorable @entity1 radiation dosimetry estimates support application of 6-[(18)F]FDF in clinical trials for molecular imaging of @entity42436 in @entity0 @entity1 .[This corrects the article on p. 248 in vol. 4.].

title: Erratum: Automated synthesis and dosimetry of 6-deoxy-6-[(18)F]fluoro-D-fructose (6-[(18)F]FDF): a radiotracer for imaging of XXXX in @entity0 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

answer: @entity42436 :: (6518,Gene) :: ['GLUT5']


abstract: @entity4577 ( @entity4577 ) is one of the frequent causes of elevated mortality in salmonid aquaculture. Previously, we identified and validated microsatellites on chromosome Omy19 associated with QTL (quantitative trait loci) for @entity4577 resistance and spleen size in @entity5660 . Recently, SNPs (single @entity4334 polymorphism) have become the markers of choice for genetic analyses in @entity5660 as they are highly abundant, cost-effective and are amenable for high throughput genotyping. The objective of this study was to identify SNP markers associated with @entity4577 resistance and spleen size using both genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and linkage-based QTL mapping approaches. A total of 298 offspring from the two half-sib families used in our previous study to validate the significant @entity4577 QTL on chromosome Omy19 were genotyped with RAD-seq (restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing), and 7,849 informative SNPs were identified. Based on GWAS, 18 SNPs associated with @entity4577 resistance and 20 SNPs associated with spleen size were identified. Linkage-based QTL mapping revealed three significant QTL for @entity4577 resistance. In addition to the previously validated dam-derived QTL on chromosome Omy19, two significant @entity4577 QTL derived from the sires were identified on chromosomes Omy8 and Omy25, respectively. A sire-derived significant QTL for spleen size on chromosome Omy2 was detected. The SNP markers reported in this study will facilitate fine mapping to identify positional candidate genes for @entity4577 resistance in @entity5660 .

title: Identification of single nucleotide polymorphism markers associated with bacterial cold water disease resistance and spleen size in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5660 :: ('8022', 'Species') :: ['rainbow trout']

entities_list: @entity4577 :: ('MESH:D017192', 'Disease') :: ['BCWD', 'Bacterial cold water disease']

answer: @entity5660 :: (8022,Species) :: ['rainbow trout']


abstract: @entity2727 and the @entity889 are the most frequently used medications for treating @entity71 ( @entity71 ). These medications modulate both @entity1063 as well as @entity935 . @entity2727 is a pure blocker of the @entity1063 and @entity935 transporters. The @entity889 also block reuptake of both @entity2661 , but they also release all three @entity1154 , @entity1063 , @entity935 , and @entity750 , from presynaptic vesicles. @entity889 are the most robust agents in increasing synaptic @entity935 levels, since they do so regardless of the endogenous level of the relevant neurons. Stimulant-evoked synaptic increases of @entity935 have been demonstrated in the striatum in @entity1 , but pharmacologic effects are likely relevant to therapeutic action in other regions, particularly the prefrontal cortex. Blockade of noradrenergic reuptake in the prefrontal cortex may also indirectly increase prefrontal @entity935 levels, but there is also evidence that noradrenergic effects are mediated by alpha-2a noradrenergic receptors. A recent study in non- @entity1 primates found that @entity2727 and @entity4678 both increased the efficiency of prefrontal pyramidal neurons, but via distinct mechanisms. @entity2727 decreased non-specific signals, i.e., neuronal noise, via D1 receptors. By contrast, @entity4678 increased the strength of specific signals via activation of alpha-2 receptors. These findings, although in non- @entity1 primates, suggest that combinations of agents working on these complementary systems (D1 and alpha-2a) may be worth considering and evaluating rigorously in @entity1 with @entity71 with sub-optimal responses to monotherapy.

title: [Towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological treatments of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD', 'attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity889 :: ('MESH:D000662', 'Chemical') :: ['amphetamines', 'Amphetamines']

entities_list: @entity4678 :: ('MESH:C041930', 'Chemical') :: ['atomoxetine']

entities_list: @entity1154 :: ('CHEBI:25375', 'Chemical') :: ['monoamines']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2727 :: ('MESH:D008774', 'Chemical') :: ['Methylphenidate', 'methylphenidate', 'Methyl-phenidate']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['attention deficit hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: After ejaculation, @entity1 spermatozoa must undergo capacitation to fertilize. Capacitation of @entity291 spermatozoa occurs in vitro in medium supplemented with heparin. Semen cryopreservation is an important tool for assisted reproduction, although the fertility of frozen-thawed spermatozoa is reduced, possibly due to precocious capacitation-like changes that are known to occur. Our purpose was to clarify the mechanisms involved in bull sperm cryocapacitation induced by cryopreservation. Our general hypothesis is that the signaling pathways that lead to capacitation are triggered by the cryopreservation procedure. Ejaculated @entity291 semen was divided into two aliquots and diluted in extender; one was then kept fresh, whereas the second was cryopreserved. Western blots of extracted sperm proteins with anti- @entity10393 antibody showed that capacitation, induced by either heparin in fresh sperm or cryopreservation (cryocapacitation), is associated with a differential profile of @entity10393 -containing proteins. Immunolocalization of @entity10393 -containing proteins in the fresh and cryopreserved spermatozoa showed that, after thawing, cryocapacitated sperm displayed labeling over the acrosomal region, whereas for fresh sperm, this labeling appeared after 5-h incubation with heparin. The @entity7914 assay and the ability of the sperm to undergo the @entity6579 -induced acrosome reaction were used to confirm that a subpopulation of cryopreserved sperm is capacitated at thawing, irrespective of heparin inclusion. Since @entity413 is known to inhibit heparin-induced capacitation, the semen extender was modified to include @entity413 as a means of inhibiting cryocapacitation; however, cryocapacitation was not prevented according to the @entity7914 assay and profile of @entity10393 -containing sperm proteins.

title: A differential mechanism is involved during heparin- and cryopreservation-induced capacitation of XXXX spermatozoa.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian']

entities_list: @entity6579 :: ('MESH:D008244', 'Chemical') :: ['lysophosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity10393 :: ('CHEBI:74956', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphotyrosine']

entities_list: @entity7914 :: ('MESH:D002751', 'Chemical') :: ['chlortetracycline']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity291 :: (9913,Species) :: ['bovine']


abstract: Traditionally, the results of exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy were interpreted by transient defect analysis using initial and delayed images. Recently, washout rate analysis has been used for the relative quantification of exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy. A diffuse slow washout from all myocardial regions has been defined as the indicator of extensive @entity453 . However, slow washout has occasionally been observed in normal cases and in healthy @entity296 which are not supplied by a stenosed artery in @entity1 with single or @entity66 . We evaluate the factors influencing washout rate in 100 normal @entity1 and 63 @entity1 with @entity951 (33 cases of @entity66 and 30 cases of @entity66 ). The washout rates were calculated using circumferential profile analysis. In normal @entity1 , washout rate was closely related to peak heart rate (r = 0.72) and inversely related to lung @entity4214 uptake (r = -0.56). A diffuse slow washout was observed in seven (7%) of 100 normal @entity1 , six (18%) of 33 cases of @entity66 and eight (24%) of 30 cases of @entity66 . The @entity1 with diffuse slow washout showed significantly higher lung @entity4214 uptake values and lower peak heart rates than those without diffuse slow washout (P less than 0.01). Thus, this false positive slow washout should be considered in the interpretation of quantitative exercise @entity4214 scintigraphy.

title: Quantitative assessment of @entity4214 myocardial washout rate: importance of peak heart rate and lung XXXX uptake in defining normal values.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial segments']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['double vessel disease', 'single vessel disease']

entities_list: @entity4214 :: ('MESH:D013793', 'Chemical') :: ['thallium']

entities_list: @entity951 :: ('MESH:D000787', 'Disease') :: ['angina pectoris']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery disease']

answer: @entity4214 :: (MESH:D013793,Chemical) :: ['thallium']


abstract: @entity460 ( @entity141 ) released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is crucial for excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling. Mitochondria, the major source of energy, in the form of @entity855 , required for cardiac contractility, are closely interconnected with the SR, and @entity141 is essential for optimal function of these organelles. However, @entity141 accumulation can impair mitochondrial function, leading to reduced @entity855 production and increased release of reactive @entity26 species (ROS). @entity66 contributes to @entity712 ( @entity712 ), but whether mitochondrial @entity141 plays a mechanistic role in @entity712 remains unresolved. Here, we show for the first time, to our knowledge, that diastolic SR @entity141 leak causes mitochondrial @entity141 overload and dysfunction in a @entity19 model of @entity1188 @entity712 . There are two forms of @entity141 release channels on cardiac SR: type 2 @entity8452 receptors ( @entity23395 s) and type 2 @entity671 receptors (IP3R2s). Using @entity19 models harboring @entity23395 mutations that either cause or inhibit SR @entity141 leak, we found that leaky @entity23395 channels result in mitochondrial @entity141 overload, dysmorphology, and malfunction. In contrast, cardiac-specific deletion of @entity63120 had no major effect on mitochondrial fitness in @entity712 . Moreover, genetic enhancement of mitochondrial antioxidant activity improved mitochondrial function and reduced posttranslational modifications of @entity23395 macromolecular complex. Our data demonstrate that leaky @entity23395 , but not @entity63120 , channels cause mitochondrial @entity141 overload and dysfunction in @entity712 .

title: Mitochondrial @entity460 overload is a key determinant in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity671 :: ('MESH:D015544', 'Chemical') :: ['inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['HF', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity8452 :: ('MESH:D012433', 'Chemical') :: ['ryanodine']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['postmyocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['Calcium']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['heart failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity14536 ( @entity14536 ) is a newly described paramyxovirus that is mainly associated with @entity5924 in @entity1 . We sought to describe the epidemiological, virological, and histopathological findings associated with a large outbreak of @entity14536 @entity281 in a long-term care facility. METHODS: An investigation of the outbreak was performed by public health authorities, who used standardized questionnaires to collect relevant clinical information from all residents of the facility. Nasopharyngeal samples were obtained from a subset of @entity1 who had @entity683 -like illnesses for testing by viral culture and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Lung tissue samples from a @entity1 whose case was fatal were available for molecular, histopathological, and immunohistochemical testing. RESULTS: A total of 96 (27%) of 364 residents of a long-term care facility presented with respiratory or constitutional symptoms between 1 January 2006 and 15 February 2006. The attack rate in the most affected ward was 72% (31 of 43 @entity1 ), which included 4 of the 6 polymerase chain reaction-confirmed cases of @entity14536 @entity281 . In contrast, viral culture results were positive for @entity14536 in only 2 of the 5 polymerase chain reaction-positive samples tested. The most reported diagnosis was an @entity1729 or an @entity683 -like illness, although 21% of residents in 1 of the 3 wards that had confirmed cases of @entity14536 @entity281 had lower respiratory tract @entity281 . The fatality rate was 50% (3 of 6 @entity1 ) among confirmed cases and 9.4% (9 of 96 @entity1 ) among @entity1 with possible cases. A @entity1 with a fatal case had histopathological findings that confirmed the presence of @entity14536 RNA and proteins in the bronchiolar epithelium of affected lobes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of 2 distinct strains of @entity14536 circulating simultaneously on different wards. CONCLUSION: @entity14536 can be associated with important outbreaks of acute @entity1729 in elderly institutionalized @entity1 .

title: An outbreak of severe @entity1729 due to XXXX in a long-term care facility.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity14536 :: ('162145', 'Species') :: ['hMPV', 'Human metapneumovirus']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'infections']

entities_list: @entity5924 :: ('MESH:D001988', 'Disease') :: ['bronchiolitis']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory tract infection', 'upper respiratory tract infection']

answer: @entity14536 :: (162145,Species) :: ['human metapneumovirus']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Habit of consuming @entity286 and areca-nut containing substances is in vogue in Lucknow as a part of the Nawabi culture. Hence, this study was planned with an aim to generate evidence for the prevalence of habits of @entity734 by the population of Lucknow and know their socio-demographic profile. METHODOLOGY: Population based cross-sectional study was conducted by organizing oral health check-up camps in randomly selected rural and urban parts of Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh, which is the most populated state of India. @entity1 were enrolled after obtaining informed consent. A structured and validated questionnaire based tool was administered by a team of trained dental surgeons for collecting the desired information through interview and their oral cavity examination. RESULTS: A total of 3437 subjects were enrolled in the study, out of which 82.9% were male and 17.1% were female. Among them, 64.6% subjects belonged to rural domiciliary status, by religion, 80.6% and 18.5% of the subjects were Hindu and Muslims respectively. The most prevalent habit was consumption of smokeless @entity286 substances, of which pan masala with @entity286 (gutkha) was the most prevalent substance of abuse. CONCLUSION: Smokeless @entity286 consumption was highly prevalent in the population surveyed. It is recommended to formulate and implement strong preventive strategies. Also, steps should be taken to increase the awareness of the harmful consequences of these habits.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in the population of Lucknow.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['substance abuse']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['substance abuse']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the potential benefit of systematic preoperative @entity453 angiography followed by selective @entity453 revascularization on the incidence of @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in @entity1 undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) without a previous history of @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS: We randomised 426 @entity1 who were candidates for CEA, with no history of @entity453 , a normal electrocardiogram (ECG), and a normal cardiac ultrasound. In group A (n  =  216) all @entity1 underwent coronary angiography before CEA. In group B (n  =  210) CEA was performed without coronary angiography. @entity1 were not blinded for relevant assessments during follow-up. Primary end-point was the occurrence of @entity583 at 3.5 years. The secondary end-point was the overall survival rate. Median length of follow-up was 6.2 years. RESULTS: In group A, coronary angiography revealed significant @entity3979 in 68 @entity1 (31.5%). Among them, 66 underwent percutaneous Intervention (PCI) prior to CEA and 2 received combined CEA and @entity453 bypass grafting (CABG). Postoperatively, no @entity583 was observed in group A, whereas 6 @entity583 occurred in group B, one of which was fatal (p  =  .01). During the study period, 3 @entity583 occurred in group A (1.4%) and 33 were observed in group B (15.7%), 6 of which were fatal. The Cox model demonstrated a reduced risk of @entity583 for @entity1 in group A receiving coronary angiography (HR,.078; 95% CI, 0.024-0.256; p  <  .001). In addition, @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity1 <70 years presented with an increased risk of @entity583 . Survival analysis at 6 years by Kaplan-Meier estimates was 95.6      3.2% in Group A and 89.7      3.7% in group B (Log Rank  =  6.54, p  =  .01). CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic @entity453 @entity1 , systematic coronary angiography prior to CEA followed by selective PCI or CABG significantly reduces the incidence of late @entity583 and increases long-term survival. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02260453).

title: Long-term results of a randomized controlled trial analyzing the role of systematic pre-operative coronary angiography before elective carotid endarterectomy in XXXX with asymptomatic @entity453 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'MI']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary artery stenosis']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['CAD', 'coronary artery disease', 'coronary-artery']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-segment colon interposition has been used for esophageal replacement for acquired @entity1208 . The indications for use, morbidity, and functional results of these conduits have been debated. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records, office visits, and operative reports of @entity1 undergoing long colon interposition for acquired @entity1208 at our institution from 1956 to 1997. RESULTS: Long colon interposition was performed in 52 @entity1 for @entity130 (n = 20), @entity354 (n = 16), previous irradiation (n = 8), primary @entity1319 (n = 4), and acquired absence of the esophagus (n = 4). From 1976 to 1997, acquired diseases accounted for 62% of long colon interposition. The left colon was used in 46 @entity1 and the right colon in 6. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. Early complications included graft @entity63 in 5 @entity1 , @entity834 in 3, and @entity1744 in 1. Late complications included @entity850 requiring dilation in 26 @entity1 , with 2 requiring surgical revision, and bile reflux requiring surgical diversion in 1 @entity1 . Swallowing function was excellent in 24% of @entity1 , good in 66%, and poor in 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Long colon interposition can be performed safely, with acceptable long-term functional results in @entity1 with acquired @entity1208 .

title: Long-segment colon interposition for acquired XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity834 :: ('MESH:D057868', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic leak']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['caustic injury']

entities_list: @entity1208 :: ('MESH:D004935', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity354 :: ('MESH:D005764', 'Disease') :: ['gastroesophageal disease']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['anastomotic stenosis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['small bowel obstruction']

entities_list: @entity1319 :: ('MESH:D015835', 'Disease') :: ['motility disorders']

answer: @entity1208 :: (MESH:D004935,Disease) :: ['esophageal disease']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the @entity137 , maximal-tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetic profile, and potential antitumor activity of @entity8642 , a novel thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with advanced solid @entity5 were administered @entity8642 intravenously over 10 minutes, weekly for 4 weeks, every 42 days. Dose escalation was based on the modified continual reassessment method (MCRM), with one @entity1 treated at each minimally toxic dose level. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 were administered 58 courses of @entity8642 at doses that ranged from 10 to 40 mg/m2/wk. Reversible @entity1398 was the dose-limiting @entity137 . Inability to maintain the weekly treatment schedule due to @entity1398 limited dose escalation on this schedule. Nonhematologic @entity137 observed included mild @entity1295 , @entity448 , and @entity390 . At the 40-mg/m2/wk dose level, the mean harmonic half-life, maximum plasma concentration, clearance, and apparent volume of distribution at steady-state were 2.02 hours, 11.20 micrograms/mL, 52.3 mL/min/m2, and 6.64 L/m2, respectively. No major antitumor responses were observed; however, minor responses were achieved in two @entity1 with advanced @entity14 . CONCLUSION: The dose-limiting @entity137 , MTD, and recommended phase II dose of @entity8642 when administered weekly for 4 weeks every 42 days are @entity1398 , 40 mg/m2, and 30 mg/m2, respectively.

title: Initial phase I evaluation of the novel thymidylate synthase inhibitor, XXXX , using the modified continual reassessment method for dose escalation.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'toxicities']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumors']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

answer: @entity8642 :: (MESH:C085586,Chemical) :: ['LY231514']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical spectrum, management and outcome of @entity7553 . METHODS: The retrospective study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan, and comprised microbiological records of all the babies admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit from January 2009 to January 2014 that were reviewed to identify those with positive candida cultures. Medical records were analysed for demographic and clinical spectrum features, management and outcome. SPSS 16 was used statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the total 1550 neonatal admissions, 560 (36%) had positive cultures, and, of them, candida was isolated in 49(8.8%) neonates. Among them, 13(26%) had @entity5132 and the rest had candida species. Majority were males 34(70%), and preterm with 30(61%) being <37 weeks. The mean birth weight was 2000  873 grams. Mean age at admission was 6  7.6 days. Overall, 39(80%) had >= 2 risk factors. The commonest site of isolation was blood in 41(84%). Besides, 32 (65%) received @entity2380 alone for treatment. Mean duration of anti-fungal therapy was 10  5 days (range: 1-21 days). Twelve (24%) neonates expired and the cause of @entity204 was @entity295 in 10(20%) cases. Mortality was not significantly associated with gender, place of birth, gestation, risk factors, length of stay, prior antibiotic exposure or receipt of antifungal prophylaxis except those who were  <=1500 grams (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in ten at-risk neonates may develop @entity295 with high mortality. Early institution of anti-fungal therapy may prove to be life-saving.

title: Clinical spectrum, management and outcome of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity295 :: ('MESH:D018805', 'Disease') :: ['candida sepsis']

entities_list: @entity2380 :: ('MESH:D015725', 'Chemical') :: ['fluconazole']

entities_list: @entity7553 :: ('MESH:D002177', 'Disease') :: ['neonatal candidiasis']

entities_list: @entity5132 :: ('5476', 'Species') :: ['candida albicans']

answer: @entity7553 :: (MESH:D002177,Disease) :: ['neonatal candidiasis']


abstract: The transformation of serum proteins into Congo red-sensitive fibrillar material is requisite for the onset and progression of @entity66 . All the mechanisms which lead to the disease itself have not been elucidated, but our knowledge has increased significantly. It is apparent that in all types of amyloid fibrils, three common features are displayed by the major protein constituents. These are that the fibril protein has a serum precursor, a high degree of anti-parallel beta-sheet conformation and a distinctive ultrastructure on electron microscopy. In the AL and @entity5066 forms of @entity2783 , the putative precursors appear to undergo limited degradation to form the protein component of amyloid fibrils. It has been suggested that there may be certain primary structural characteristics inherent in precursor molecules which make them amyloidogenic, thus predisposing them to amyloid fibril formation. This would include certain subtypes of immunoglobulin light chains, possibly kappa I and lambda VI, in the @entity1582 and one of the polymorphic SAA species, @entity5167 , which has been identified as the predominating isotype found in @entity5066 amyloid fibrils. In @entity2783 , the mechanism of amyloid fibril formation appears to be simply a concentration phenomenon where elevated concentrations of @entity2262 are not handled normally and @entity527 is the result. Amyloidogenesis in the hereditary form of @entity1582 may involve other factors in addition to the presence of a variant precursor prealbumin as indicated by the delayed onset of the disease. It is evident that the elucidation of the mechanism(s) which governs the onset and progression of the amyloidoses will allow future regulation and treatment of these all too often complex disorders.

title: The pathogenesis and biochemistry of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity527 :: ('MESH:D058225', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid deposition']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['amyloid disease']

entities_list: @entity2783 :: ('MESH:D000686', 'Disease') :: ['amyloidosis', 'AH amyloidosis']

entities_list: @entity1582 :: ('MESH:D009101', 'Disease') :: ['systemic amyloidosis', 'AL type of amyloidosis']

answer: @entity2783 :: (MESH:D000686,Disease) :: ['amyloidosis']


abstract: Exposure of an animal to stressful stimuli, perceived by the animal as a threatening, emergency condition, elicits a transient @entity158 sensitivity, which often affects thermoregulatory mechanisms in the threatened organism. We studied the interaction between emergency and thermoregulatory components of swim stress in developing swim stress-induced @entity1337 (SSIA). The subjects were @entity19 selectively bred for high @entity1337 (HA) induced by swimming in 20 degrees C water, and displaying profound swim @entity2332 . The @entity19 were acclimated to one of the following conditions: (1) ambient cold (5 degrees C, mimicking the thermal component of swim stress); (2) daily 3-min swimming at 32 degrees C (mimicking the emergency, emotional in nature, component of swim stress), or (3) daily swimming at 20 degrees C (a combination of both emergency and thermal component of swim stress). Following each of the procedures the @entity1337 induced by swimming in 20 degrees C water and by acute exposure to -2.5 degrees C in helium/ @entity26 (Helox) atmosphere was measured. @entity1337 was also assessed in a group of naive @entity19 immersed in 20 degrees C shallow water with the purpose of eliminating the emergency condition, but assuring the animal's contact with the cold water environment. Cold acclimation markedly attenuated @entity519 ( @entity519 ) without affecting SSIA, whereas repeated swims attenuated SSIA without affecting @entity519 . The results suggest that @entity2332 is the only stimulus eliciting @entity519 , while the emergency condition of swimming is essential for inducing SSIA. The significantly lower magnitude of SSIA in @entity19 acclimated to repeated swims in 20 degrees C than in 32 degrees C water suggests that SSIA develops due to an interaction between the emergency and hypothermic components of swim stress. This is further supported by a greater @entity2332 and greater @entity1337 in freely swimming than in immersed naive @entity19 .

title: XXXX induced by swim stress: interaction between analgesic and thermoregulatory mechanisms.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia', 'Analgesia']

entities_list: @entity519 :: ('MESH:D000860', 'Disease') :: ['HIA', 'Helox-induced analgesia']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['decrease of pain']

entities_list: @entity2332 :: ('MESH:D007035', 'Disease') :: ['hypothermia']

answer: @entity1337 :: (MESH:D000699,Disease) :: ['Analgesia']


abstract: The natural history of stinging insect @entity566 and its modification by venom immunotherapy was investigated by follow-up observations of @entity1 with histories of venom anaphylaxis and detectable venom-specific IgE. The @entity1 were divided into three categories: (1) receiving venom immunotherapy, (2) declined venom immunotherapy, and (3) terminated venom immunotherapy. One hundred twenty-seven @entity1 were evaluated after 6 mo to 9 yr of venom immunotherapy. Most received top venom doses of 50 micrograms of yellow jacket and/or @entity5157 venoms every 4 wk. There were 87 restings in 48 @entity1 resulting in two systemic reactions, only one of which could be considered a treatment failure (1%). Fifty-six @entity1 never received venom immunotherapy. In this group there were 40 restings in 28 @entity1 with 14 systemic reactions (35%). In 88 @entity1 who stopped venom immunotherapy, 61 restings in 41 @entity1 led to 11 systemic reactions (17%). @entity1 with cardiovascular/or respiratory symptoms with @entity2021 were at risk for subsequent reactions. With one exception, @entity1 with hives and @entity4 only as the initial reaction either had a similar or no reaction when they were restung. These results confirm the efficacy of venom immunotherapy but also suggest that there are factors other than the presence of venom-specific IgE modulating the occurrence of clinical anaphylaxis.

title: Stinging insect XXXX : natural history and modification with venom immunotherapy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2021 :: ('MESH:D000707', 'Disease') :: ['initial sting anaphylaxis']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: @entity11950 (GA) is the bioactive compound of licorice and has been used as an herbal medicine because of its anti-viral, anti- @entity5 , and anti-inflammatory properties. This study was designed to investigate the effects of GA on @entity1778 cells growth, migration, and the mechanisms underlying the anti- @entity5 activities of GA. @entity98 test was used to detect the effect of GA on TF-1 @entity1778 cell growth. Wound closure assay and Transwell were adopted to assess the effect of GA on TF-1 migration and invasion. Migration and invasion related proteins including @entity584 and @entity3470 were detected by western blot assay. We further used western blot and immunofluorescence assay to evaluate the effect of GA on @entity4104 phosphorylation in vitro. We also evaluated the anti- @entity5 effect of GA in TF-1 @entity5 bearing BALB/c @entity19 model. The present study showed GA significant inhibit of TF-1 proliferation in a dose and time-dependent manner. GA could remarkably inhibit TF-1 cell migration and invasion; meanwhile effectively suppress @entity584 , @entity3470 , and @entity4104 phosphorylation in TF-1 cells. GA in 100 mg/kg/ could inhibit the @entity5 growth in vivo and down-regulated @entity584 , @entity3470 , and @entity4104 phosphorylation in TF-1 @entity5 tissues. Our findings suggest that GA is a promising therapeutic agent for @entity1778 that targets the @entity584 / @entity3470 / @entity4104 pathway.

title: @entity11950 inhibits @entity1778 cell growth and migration via blocking @entity584 / @entity3470 / XXXX signaling.

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity11950 :: ('MESH:D019695', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycyrrhizic acid']

answer: @entity4104 :: (6774,Gene) :: ['STAT3']


abstract: Parent @entity432 (PAO) is an alternative to surgical clipping or endovascular endosaccular coil embolization for the management of @entity438 . Most @entity439 are not amenable to endosaccular coil embolization due to anatomical considerations, such as a broad-neck. However, majority of reports regarding the safety of PAO are based on case series involving a relatively small number of @entity1 . In the present study, a total of 381 consecutive @entity1 with unruptured @entity438 who were treated with PAO were extracted from the Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 1 and JR-NET2 database, which are nationwide surveys conducted by the Japanese Society of Neuroendovascular Therapy. The mean age of the 381 @entity1 was 58.1 years, and 59.3% were female. The aneurysmal location included the vertebral artery (42%) and the cavernous portion of internal carotid artery (32%). The @entity439 size and shape consisted of fusiform (45%), giant (25%), and large (22%). Symptomatic lesions were present in 59.8% of the population. Technical success was achieved in 98.4%. The 30-day morbidity and mortality rates were 3.1% and 1.0%, respectively. The most frequent procedure-related complication was @entity385 , which occurred in 12.9% (distal embolism, 6.0%; branch occlusion, 3.9%). The 30-day morbidity and mortality rates related to @entity385 were 2.1% and 0.3%, respectively. PAO for @entity439 is feasible with a high technical success rate. Peri-procedural management of @entity385 is the key to enhance the safety of this treatment option.

title: Parent Artery Occlusion for Unruptured XXXX : The Japanese Registry of Neuroendovascular Therapy (JR-NET) 1 and 2.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity438 :: ('MESH:D002532', 'Disease') :: ['cerebral aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['giant and fusiform aneurysms', 'aneurysm', 'unruptured aneurysms']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['artery occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'ischemic strokes']

answer: @entity438 :: (MESH:D002532,Disease) :: ['Cerebral Aneurysms']