abstract: The present study aimed to monitor skin test practices as performed by veterinarian field practitioners in Belgium. For this purpose, an anonymous postal questionnaire was elaborated and dispatched to veterinarians involved in @entity291 @entity378 detection. The questionnaire included items focusing on the skin test performance. International experts in the field of @entity291 @entity378 were asked to fill the questionnaire and a scoring scale was built as follows: 0 = 'ideal' answer, 1 = acceptable answer, whereas 2 = unacceptable answer. Furthermore, experts were asked to rank the questionnaire's items according to their possible impact on the risk of not detecting reactors. A global score was further calculated for each @entity1 and a comparison of practices was carried out between the two regions of the country, i.e. Wallonia and Flanders. Significant differences were observed between both regions, a harmonization at the country level is thus essential. No veterinarian summed a null score, corresponding to the ideal skin test procedure, which suggests that skin-testing is far from being performed correctly. Field practitioners need to be sensitized to the importance of correctly performing the test. The authors recommend the questionnaire is suitable for application in other countries or regions.

title: Monitoring of the intra-dermal XXXX skin test performed by Belgian field practitioners.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participant']

entities_list: @entity378 :: ('MESH:D014376', 'Disease') :: ['tuberculosis']

answer: @entity378 :: (MESH:D014376,Disease) :: ['tuberculosis']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and management of @entity731 complicating radiation therapy for squamous @entity189 ( @entity6461 ) are not well known. CASES: A series of four @entity1 who underwent medical or surgical treatment of radiation-induced @entity455 were identified. @entity432 was seen in one @entity1 7 years after external irradiation for @entity6461 and was treated by a femorofemoral bypass. Acute @entity432 was seen in three @entity1 . One @entity1 developed right foot @entity63 2 years after external irradiation for @entity6461 which was treated by a right axillofemoral bypass. One @entity1 developed a @entity39 2 years after external irradiation for a recurrence of @entity6461 which was treated by a percutaneous @entity384 . One @entity1 developed, 3 years after external irradiation for @entity6461 , a subacute @entity63 of the left leg on the first postoperative day after a rectal resection. It was treated by vasodilators, @entity460 inhibitors, and anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of radiation-induced @entity731 complicating radiation therapy for @entity6461 is easy but treatment is difficult. Long-term results of @entity384 are limited and extraanatomic bypass with allograft is the treatment of choice whenever feasible. However, because of poor long-term results, surgery should be attempted only in the case of severe @entity63 .

title: Iliac XXXX complicating radiation therapy for cervix cancer: a case series.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['artery disease']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['left toe necrosis']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['artery dilatation', 'arterial dilatation']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma of the cervix']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic right iliac artery occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['atherosclerotic occlusive disease']


abstract: Nuclear pleomorphism is a fundamental feature in evaluating the @entity146 of @entity3821 ( @entity3821 ) of the breast. In this study, pure @entity3821 and the in situ component (IS-comp) of @entity189 ( @entity189 ) are compared in order to verify if these are two different entities or the same process observed at different times during its evolution. Five cases of pure @entity3821 and nine of @entity189 with extensive in situ component were selected. They were moderately and poorly differentiated. 30 nuclei for each @entity3821 , and 30 nuclei for both the in situ and invasive component of each @entity189 were studied; thus, a total of 720 nuclei were submitted to the @entity2372 ( @entity2372 ) analysis, which enables a numerical expression not only of dimensions (area, perimeter, diameter) but also of nuclear contour irregularities and nuclear shape distortions. Univariate statistical comparisons were carried out between the nuclei of: (1) @entity3821 and in situ component of @entity189 , (2) @entity3821 and the invasive component of infiltrating @entity189 and (3) between the in situ and invasive component of infiltrating @entity189 . Multivariate analysis was utilized to compare nuclei of @entity3821 with the in situ component of @entity189 . The in situ features of each @entity5 were also evaluated with the @entity6578 ( @entity6578 ). Nuclei of pure @entity3821 resulted significantly larger (p < 0.001) and with a more regular shape (p < 0.001) than those of the in situ component of @entity189 . No differences were observed between the nuclei of the in situ and the invasive component of infiltrating @entity189 . Multivariate statistical analysis discriminated 77% of nuclei of in situ proliferation when both G2 and G3 @entity5 were considered, and 80% when only G3 @entity5 were considered. In conclusions morphological differences exist between pure @entity3821 and the in situ component of @entity189 , which may be an expression of their biological behavior; moreover, these morphological differences seem to have a better discriminating power within the same histological grade.

title: Pure XXXX and in situ component of ductal invasive carcinoma of the breast. A preliminary morphometric study.

entities_list: @entity3821 :: ('MESH:D002285', 'Disease') :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ', 'DCIS']

entities_list: @entity2372 :: ('MESH:C562399', 'Disease') :: ['SAM', 'Shape Analytical Morphometry']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressiveness']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas', 'carcinoma', 'IDC', 'invasive duct carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity6578 :: ('MESH:C536987', 'Disease') :: ['mitotic index', 'MI']

answer: @entity3821 :: (MESH:D002285,Disease) :: ['ductal carcinoma in situ']


abstract: @entity385 is one of the most frequent pathologies with high invalidating potential and a leading cause of @entity204 . The brain tissue adjacent to the central necrotic core, defined as penumbra, was extensively characterized mostly by imaging techniques and in animal models. Our goal was to identify a large panel of molecules in this particular area on @entity1 brains harvested at autopsy. Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity385 and seven control cases were taken into study. We used immunohistochemistry to characterize @entity39 . Metalloproteinases, mostly @entity1495 , seem to be involved in @entity2806 , but as a protective and not as a deleterious factor. Apoptotic molecules are not increasingly expressed in @entity64 compared to control cases. Mast cell enzymes chymase and tryptase are described for the first time in neurons and glia, even with unclear significance. Microglia appears active in @entity64 and stimulating methods directed to it could be useful. @entity842 synthases and @entity3840 were also involved in @entity64 cases but not in control ones. Other factors as @entity7 and its receptors, PDGF, b-FGF or @entity310 showed no significant expression related to @entity2806 . Animal study of penumbra and @entity1 tissue findings are distinct and research should be focused on the latter approach in order to find valuable and safe therapeutic methods.

title: Clinico-pathological correlations in fatal XXXX . An immunohistochemical study of @entity1 brain penumbra.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2806 :: ('MESH:D002545', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic brain injury', 'brain ischemia']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke', 'Ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['ischemic stroke']


abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize a novel animal model @entity221 -induced @entity410 and to investigate the impacts of repetitive @entity410 on @entity4207 performances in immature @entity35 . Methods. @entity35 were subjected to @entity221 exposure one, two, or three times in 10-day intervals during 30   min in a water bath warmed at 45-50  C and their behaviour was monitored. Morris water maze @entity4207 were examined for control and treated groups. Results showed that @entity35 subjected to 30-minute @entity221 hot water developed rapidly @entity2045 and then generalized @entity410 . After a single @entity221 exposure, the time for generalised @entity410 appearance was 16.08    0.60   min and it decreased gradually with repetitive exposure to reach 12.46    0.39   min by the third exposure. @entity410 altered the @entity4207 abilities in Morris water maze and increased the time spent to attain the platform after one or two exposures, while after a third exposure @entity35 exhibited the same latency compared to controls. Similar results were obtained in probe test where @entity35 , subjected to @entity221 for one or two episodes, spent less time in the target quadrant compared to corresponding controls. Further, when platform was moved from northwest to southwest quadrant, memory transfer test indicated that after one or two @entity221 exposures cognitive performances were slightly altered, while after a third exposure the latency to escape increased significantly compared to untreated group. It was concluded that 30   min of @entity221 hot water was sufficient to induce @entity410 in immature @entity35 and an increase of susceptibility was observed with repetitive @entity221 exposure. @entity221 treatment impaired cognitive performances but the effects were mostly transient and moderate.

title: @entity410 Have Moderate and Transient Effects on Spatial Learning in Immature XXXX .

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizures', 'Febrile seizures', 'febrile seizure', 'tonic-clonic seizures', 'febrile seizures']

entities_list: @entity2045 :: ('MESH:D009207', 'Disease') :: ['myoclonic jerks']

entities_list: @entity4207 :: ('MESH:D007859', 'Disease') :: ['spatial learning and memory']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthermia', 'Hyperthermia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are numerous questions about the treatment of blunt @entity130 (BAI), including the management of small intimal tears, what injury characteristics are predictive of death from @entity397 , and which @entity1 actually need intervention. We used our experience in treating BAI during the past decade to create a classification scheme based on radiographic and clinical data and to provide clear treatment guidelines. METHODS: The records of @entity1 admitted with BAI from 1999 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity1 with a radiographically or operatively confirmed diagnosis (echocardiogram, computed tomography, or angiography) of BAI were included. We created a classification system based on the presence or absence of an aortic external contour abnormality, defined as an alteration in the symmetric, round shape of the aorta: (1) intimal tear (IT)-absence of aortic external contour abnormality and intimal defect and/or @entity715 of <10 mm in length or width; (2) @entity1004 ( @entity1004 )-absence of aortic external contour abnormality and intimal defect and/or @entity715 of >= 10 mm in length or width; (3) @entity2849 -presence of aortic external contour abnormality and contained @entity397 ; (4) @entity397 -presence of aortic external contour abnormality and free contrast extravasation or hemothorax at thoracotomy. RESULTS: We identified 140 @entity1 with BAI. Most injuries were @entity2849 (71%) at the isthmus (70%), 16.4% had an IT, 5.7% had a @entity1004 , and 6.4% had a @entity397 . Survival rates by classification were IT, 87%; @entity1004 , 100%; @entity2849 , 76%; and @entity397 , 11% (one @entity1 ). Of the ITs, LIFs, and @entity2849 treated nonoperatively, none worsened, and 65% completely healed. No @entity1 with an IT or @entity1004 died. Most @entity1 with @entity397 lost vital signs before presentation or in the emergency department and did not survive. @entity551 before or at hospital presentation and size of the periaortic @entity1410 at the level of the aortic arch predicted likelihood of death from BAI. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this new classification scheme, no @entity1 without an external aortic contour abnormality died of their BAI. ITs can be managed nonoperatively. BAI @entity1 with @entity397 will die, and resources could be prioritized elsewhere. Those with LIFs do well, and currently, most at our institution are treated with a stent graft. If a @entity2849 is going to @entity397 , it does so early. @entity1410 at the arch on computed tomography scan and @entity551 before or at arrival help to predict which @entity2849 need urgent repair.

title: A new classification scheme for treating blunt XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1004 :: ('MESH:C563733', 'Disease') :: ['LIF', 'large intimal flap']

entities_list: @entity397 :: ('MESH:D012421', 'Disease') :: ['ruptures', 'rupture']

entities_list: @entity1410 :: ('MESH:D006406', 'Disease') :: ['Hematoma', 'hematoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['Hypotension', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['pseudoaneurysm', 'pseudoaneurysms']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['aortic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['aortic injury']


abstract: Anatomically and functionally defined neuron types are sometimes further classified into individual subtypes based on unique functional or molecular properties. To better understand how developmental programs controlling neuron type specification are mechanistically linked to programs controlling neuronal subtype specification, we have analyzed a neuronal subtype specification program that occurs across the left/right axis in the nervous system of the @entity2199 @entity2199 . A terminal selector transcription factor, @entity71106 , is required for the specification of the ASE neuron class, and a gene regulatory feedback loop of transcription factors and miRNAs is required to diversify the two ASE neurons into an asymmetric left and right subtype (ASEL and ASER). However, the link between the @entity71106 -dependent ASE neuron class specification and the ensuing left-right subtype specification program is poorly understood. We show here that @entity71106 has genetically separable functions in controlling bilaterally symmetric ASE neuron class specification and the ensuing left-right subtype specification program. Both neuron class specification and asymmetric subclass specification depend on @entity71106 -binding sites (;ASE motifs') in symmetrically and asymmetrically expressed target genes, but in the case of asymmetrically expressed target genes, the activity of the ASE motif is modulated through a diverse set of additional cis-regulatory elements. Depending on the target gene, these cis-regulatory elements either promote or inhibit the activity of @entity71106 . The activity of these L/R asymmetric cis-regulatory elements is indirectly controlled by @entity71106 itself, revealing a feed-forward loop configuration in which @entity71106 restricts its own activity. Relative binding affinity of @entity71106 to ASE motifs also depends on whether a gene is expressed bilaterally or in a left/right asymmetric manner. Our analysis provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of neuronal subtype specification, demonstrating that the activity of a neuron type-specific selector gene is modulated by a variety of distinct means to diversify individual neuron classes into specific subclasses. It also suggests that feed-forward loop motifs may be a prominent feature of neuronal diversification events.

title: Cis-regulatory mechanisms of left/right asymmetric neuron-subtype specification in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2199 :: ('6239', 'Species') :: ['nematode', 'C. elegans']

answer: @entity2199 :: (6239,Species) :: ['C. elegans']


abstract: This report describes an @entity957 for which we suggest the name acute @entity189 . It is frequently larger than 2 cm and has a characteristic morphology with raised, rolled, vascular but not everted edges. Commonly there is a central crust covering a foul discharge on a papilliferous base. The biopsy is characteristically ambiguous but often that of a well differentiated @entity957 . Irrespective of the history, which is usually short, all @entity5 have a period of rapid growth. Among 193 @entity1 with @entity957 of the eyelids or external ear, 24 (12%) of the @entity5 were designated as being @entity697 . For the eyelids 15/125 (12%) @entity1 were in this group; 10 (67%) had @entity5 larger than 2 cm, five (33%) developed regional metastases, and three (20%) had @entity5 related @entity204 . Irradiation controlled the @entity5 in 15 (100%) @entity1 . Among the 68 ear @entity5 , nine (13%) were called @entity697 . Eight (89%) were larger than 2 cm, three (33%) developed regional metastases, and two (22%) @entity1 had @entity5 related @entity204 . Irradiation controlled the @entity5 in seven (78%) @entity1 . It is postulated that these @entity697 are virus induced @entity5 that develop in actinicly damaged and immunologically suppressed skin. Following treatment, careful follow-up is recommended because of their metastatic and lethal potential.

title: XXXX --an @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute epitheliomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'primary tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma', 'aggressive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['epithelioma']

answer: @entity697 :: (MESH:D000208,Disease) :: ['Acute epithelioma']


abstract: Slow protein dynamics can be studied by 15N spin-echo (CPMG) and off-resonance rotating frame relaxation through the effective field dependence of the exchange-mediated relaxation contribution. It is shown that, by a combination of these complementary techniques, a more extended sampling of the microsecond time scale processes is achieved than by either method alone. 15N R2 and improved off-resonance R1 rho experiments [Mulder et al. (1998) J. Magn. Reson., 131, 351-357] were applied to the @entity8620 receptor DNA-binding domain and allowed the identification of 14 residues exhibiting microsecond time scale dynamics. Assuming exchange between two conformational substates, average lifetimes ranging from 37 to 416 microseconds, and chemical shift differences of up to 3 ppm were obtained. The largest perturbation of tertiary structure was observed for the second @entity219 finger region, which was found to be disordered in the solution structure [Holmbeck et al. (1998) J. Mol. Biol., 281, 271-284]. Since this @entity219 -coordinating domain comprises the principal dimerization interface for @entity13351 in a wide repertoire of complexes with different hormone receptors to their cognate response elements, this finding has important implications for our understanding of nuclear receptor assembly on DNA direct repeats. The flexibility observed for the dimerization domain may explain how @entity13351 , through the ability to adaptively interact with a wide variety of highly homologous partner molecules, demonstrates such a versatile DNA-binding repertoire.

title: Microsecond time scale dynamics in the XXXX DNA-binding domain from a combination of spin-echo and off-resonance rotating frame relaxation measurements.

entities_list: @entity8620 :: ('MESH:C103303', 'Chemical') :: ['9-cis-retinoic acid']

answer: @entity13351 :: (6256,Gene) :: ['RXR']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1547 is a highly prevalent, yet preventable disease that is commonly overlooked in the adult population. It is strongly related to health-related behaviors and knowledge, and therefore, is potentially receptive to a behavioral health intervention. However, prevention strategies that target health behaviors in adults are fundamentally different from those in @entity1 , whom most current intervention strategies for @entity1547 target. This study attempts to pilot design, implement, and assess health behavior intervention tools for adults, in order to improve their oral health. OBJECTIVE: To increase knowledge about @entity1547 by 80% and increase positive self-reported oral hygiene behaviors by 80% in low-income adult @entity1 at Interfaith Dental Clinic by piloting novel interventional and educational tools based on the Transtheoretical Model of Health Behavior. METHODS: A convenience sample of newly registered @entity1 to the Interfaith Dental Clinic between August 2011 and May 2013, were interviewed on each @entity1 's first appointment, exposed to the interventional tools, and subsequently interviewed at their next appointment. A control group, comprised of @entity1 who had completed their caries care as deemed by the clinic and had not been exposed to the interventional tools, were also interviewed on their last appointment before graduating the clinic's program. RESULTS: A total of 112 @entity1 were exposed to the intervention, and forty-two @entity1 comprised the control group. Follow-up for the intervention group was 20.5% (n = 23). Knowledge about the cause of caries increased by 29.9%, and positive self-reported oral hygiene behaviors increased by 25.4%. A Wilcoxon rank sum test showed no significance between the interview scores of the post-intervention group and that of the control group (p = 0.18 for knowledge, p = 0.284 for behaviors). Qualitative results show the vast majority of @entity1 blamed diet for cause of caries, that this @entity1 population prioritized practical advice over factual education, and that flossing was perceived to be the largest barrier to proper oral care, citing @entity158 , lack of time, and technique as common reasons. CONCLUSION: Educational tools based on current models of health behavior theory have the potential to improve @entity1 knowledge and health behaviors, while also remaining low-cost and convenient for clinical use.

title: The role of health behavior in preventing XXXX in resource-poor adults: a pilot intervention.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'children', 'participant']

entities_list: @entity1547 :: ('MESH:D003731', 'Disease') :: ['Dental caries', 'dental caries']

answer: @entity1547 :: (MESH:D003731,Disease) :: ['dental caries']


abstract: AIMS: To describe the experience of using high concentration nitrous @entity8369 ( @entity3727 ) relative @entity1337 administered by nursing staff in @entity1 undergoing minor procedures in the @entity341 ( @entity341 ) and to demonstrate its safety. METHOD: Data were collected over a 12 month period for all procedures in the @entity341 performed under nurse administered @entity3727 sedation. All @entity1 greater than 12 months of age requiring a minor procedure who had no contraindication to the use of @entity3727 were considered for sedation by this method. The primary outcome measure was the incidence of a major @entity649 or @entity519 during the procedure. Secondary outcome measures were minor complications and the maximum concentration of @entity3727 used. RESULTS: Data were collected for a total of 224 episodes of nurse administered @entity3727 sedation over a 12 month period. In 73.2% of @entity1 no complications were recorded. One major complication was recorded (respiratory distress) and the most common minor complication was mask intolerance in 17%. The mean maximum concentration of @entity3727 used was 60.2%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3727 is a safe analgesic in @entity1 over the age of 1 year undergoing @entity158 or stressful procedures in the @entity341 . It may safely be administered in concentrations of up to 70% by nursing staff after appropriate training.

title: Nurse administered relative @entity1337 using high concentration nitrous oxide to facilitate minor procedures in XXXX in an @entity341 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity649 :: ('MESH:D012128', 'Disease') :: ['complication namely respiratory distress']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergency department', 'ED']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity1 -Rated Wrist Evaluation ( @entity1619 ) scale is a self-administered outcome questionnaire used to determine level of @entity158 and disability in wrist problems. The scale includes @entity158 ( @entity1619 -P) and function ( @entity1619 -F) subscales, the latter consisting of specific function ( @entity1619 -SF) and usual ( @entity1619 -UF) function. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish versionof the @entity1619 scale. METHODS: Permission was sought and received from the original author of the @entity1619 for a Turkish translation for use in the study. The study included 110 @entity1 (85 female and 25 male; mean age: 50.8  1.53 years; range: 18 to 85) with @entity174 , @entity923 , wrist ganglion cyst, @entity8806 , @entity66 , and connective lesions affecting the wrist, all of whom completed the Turkish version of both the @entity1619 ( @entity1619 ) and the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scale (DASH). Reliability and validity of the @entity1619 scale were evaluated via an internal consistency analysis and a factor analysis respectively. The level of correlation between @entity1619 and DASH scores was also examined. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.86, 0.82 and 0.88 for @entity1619 -P, @entity1619 -F and @entity1619 respectively for the scale and all subscales. The @entity1619 scale was found to be highly reliable. A statistically significant correlation was found between @entity1619 and DASH in the criterion-related validity analysis (Spearman's rho=0.9). CONCLUSION: The @entity1619 was found to be valid and reliable. It is therefore suggested for use in evaluating @entity1 -based @entity158 and disability levels in routine clinical practice.

title: Validity and reliability of the Turkish " XXXX -Rated Wrist Evaluation" questionnaire.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity8806 :: ('MESH:D053684', 'Disease') :: ['De Quervain syndrome']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fracture']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Kienb  ck disease']

entities_list: @entity923 :: ('MESH:D002349', 'Disease') :: ['carpal tunnel syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: Forty male and 40 female @entity35 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental groups. Half of the animals of each gender were exercised by jumping (weighted by a vest with up to 70% body weight) to a height of 16 cm 20 times X d-1 (30 s between jumps) 5 d X wk-1 for 8 wk. Half of the exercised animals and half of the sedentary animals were injected with the anabolic @entity134 durabolin (0.2 mg in 0.1 ml @entity5420 seed oil) 6 d X wk-1 for the last 3 wk of the 8-wk exercise program. The other animals were injected with 0.1 ml of @entity5420 seed oil (as a placebo) on the same schedule. At the end of the 8-wk program, blood was drawn from the right atria of the anesthetized animals. Plasmas were analyzed for total @entity165 (TC) and high density lipoprotein @entity165 (HDL-C) concentrations. Low density lipoprotein @entity165 (LDL-C) concentration was estimated as the difference between these two parameters (TC - HDL-C). A three-factor analysis of variance (2 X 2 X 2) demonstrated that there was a significant (P less than 0.05) gender effect (males greater than females), but no @entity134 or exercise main effects for TC. There were significant (P less than 0.05) @entity134 and exercise main effects for both HDL-C and estimated LDL-C, as well as a significant gender main effect for estimated LDL-C (but not HDL-C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of exercise and anabolic steroids on total and lipoprotein XXXX concentrations in male and female @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity165 :: (MESH:D002784,Chemical) :: ['cholesterol']


abstract: The diagnostic value of @entity6741 -dependent lipase for @entity660 was tested in sera of 187 @entity1 . Of these @entity1 , 76 suffered from @entity3123 , 43 from nonmalignant @entity409 ( @entity82 and @entity3619 ), 18 from acute @entity788 , and 20 from chronic @entity788 . The remaining subjects were controls without pancreatic pathology. @entity6741 -dependent lipase was determined by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antibodies. Amylase and CA 19-9 antigen were also determined. In sera from control @entity1 , the mean level of @entity6741 -dependent lipase was 1.5 micrograms/L. This level is quite similar to that of @entity1 with @entity409 (1.1 micrograms/L) and with chronic @entity788 (1.4 micrograms/L), but it was raised to 3.5 micrograms/L in @entity1 with acute @entity788 and decreased to 0.5 microgram/L in subjects with @entity788 . Thirty percent of control subjects and 73% of @entity5 @entity1 had a @entity6741 -dependent lipase serum level below the cutoff value of 0.5 microgram/L. In acute @entity788 , 11 of 16 subjects had levels above 1.5 micrograms/L. Amylase level largely increased in acute @entity788 but was normal in all other groups. Concerning CA 19-9 antigen, 65% of control @entity1 and > 80% of @entity1 with nonmalignant pancreatic or @entity409 had normal levels. In sera from @entity5 @entity1 , 80% presented with high levels. Accordingly, 36 of 38 @entity1 with @entity788 had either low serum levels of @entity6741 -dependent lipase (< 0.5 microgram/L) or high values of CA 19-9 antigen (> 37 U/ml; sensitivity 95%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Is @entity6741 -dependent lipase concentration in serum of any help in XXXX diagnosis?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity788 :: ('MESH:D010190', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatitis', 'pancreatic adenocarcinoma', 'pancreatic cancer']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity660 :: ('MESH:D010182', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic diseases']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['benign liver diseases', 'liver diseases']

entities_list: @entity6741 :: ('CHEBI:3098', 'Chemical') :: ['bile salt', 'Bile salt']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic hepatitis']

answer: @entity788 :: (MESH:D010190,Disease) :: ['pancreatic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Carotid-femoral @entity122 (cfPWV) is a well-established measure of central arterial stiffness, while brachial-ankle @entity122 (baPWV) is being used more frequently in East Asian countries. Few studies have simultaneously characterized the distributions and correlates of segment-specific @entity122 measures and their associations with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: We evaluated segment-specific @entity122 (cfPWV, baPWV, and femoral-ankle (faPWV)) in 4,974 older-aged African American and Caucasian adults in the community-based @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study using a standardized protocol and the OMRON VP-1000 Plus system. We examined the distribution and multivariable-adjusted correlates of @entity122 measures by race and sex. RESULTS: Mean age ranged from 74  5 to 76  5 years across race-sex groups. In all race-sex groups, cfPWV correlated with baPWV but not with faPWV, and cfPWV and baPWV were higher with age, whereas faPWV was not. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were positively associated and weight was negatively associated with all @entity122 measures; however, the associations with age, glycated hemoglobin, @entity1674 , and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity165 varied by segment and race-sex group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that cfPWV and faPWV reflect distinct aspects of segment-specific @entity455 and their associated profile of cardiovascular risk factors. Even among older adults, age is associated with higher cfPWV and baPWV, but not with faPWV. Understanding factors that ostensibly play a role in increasing arterial stiffness in different arterial territories can inform opportunities for @entity65 ( @entity65 ) prevention and risk management.

title: Correlates of Segmental Pulse Wave Velocity in Older Adults: The XXXX Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.

entities_list: @entity455 :: ('MESH:D014652', 'Disease') :: ['vascular stiffness']

entities_list: @entity1674 :: ('MESH:D014280', 'Chemical') :: ['triglycerides']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['Atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity731 :: (MESH:D050197,Disease) :: ['Atherosclerosis']


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity301 ( @entity301 ) has been demonstrated to reduce mortality and morbidity and thereby improve the prognosis of @entity1 undergoing acute @entity583 (AMIs). However, this procedure paradoxically increases the initial damage as the result of a condition known as ' @entity296 '. Oxidative stress may contribute to the mechanism of this injury. The goal of the present study was to ascertain whether high plasma @entity9050 levels could ameliorate the reperfusion injuries that occur after the successful restoration of blood flow. METHODS: @entity1 from three clinical centers of the public health system were included in the study. The groups were formed by either-sex @entity1 with a diagnosis of ST-segment elevation @entity583 with an indication for primary @entity301 . Only the @entity1 who presented with their first @entity583 were enrolled. @entity9050 was administered through an infusion given prior to the restoration of the coronary flow, which was then followed by oral treatment with @entity620 (500   mg/12   hours) plus @entity270 (400   IU/day) for 84 days. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was determined by using cardiac magnetic resonance on days 6 and 84 following the onset of the reperfusion. In addition, the microvascular function was assessed by an angiographic evaluation using the Thrombolysis In @entity583 (TIMI) myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG). The results were grouped according to the plasma @entity9050 concentration achieved immediately following the onset of reperfusion into either the HA group (high @entity9050 , >1   mmol/l) or the LA group (low @entity9050 , <1   mmol/l). The biochemical parameters were analyzed throughout the protocol. RESULTS: The LVEF of the HA group was significantly higher than that of the LA group, values on day 84 in the HA group were 33% higher than those of the LA group. The amelioration of the LVEF was accompanied by an improvement in the @entity409 , after @entity301 , 95% of the @entity1 in the HA group achieved a TMPG of 2-3, in the LA group only 79% of @entity1 showed a TMPG of 2-3. CONCLUSIONS: These data are consistent with the protective effect of high plasma levels of @entity9050 against the oxidative challenge caused by @entity5721 in @entity1 subjected to @entity301 following an AMI. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism accounting for this beneficial antioxidant effect.

title: Amelioration of persistent left ventricular function impairment through increased plasma @entity9050 levels following XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity270 :: ('MESH:D014810', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin E']

entities_list: @entity5721 :: ('MESH:D015427', 'Disease') :: ['reperfusion injury']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['PCA', 'Percutaneous coronary angioplasty']

entities_list: @entity620 :: ('MESH:D001205', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin C']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['microvascular dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction', 'Myocardial Infarction', 'myocardial infarctions']

entities_list: @entity9050 :: ('CHEBI:38290', 'Chemical') :: ['ascorbate', 'Ascorbate']

answer: @entity583 :: (MESH:D009203,Disease) :: ['myocardial infarction']


abstract: Most of our knowledge about transmission at central synapses has been obtained by studying populations of synapses, but some important properties of synapses can be determined only by studying them individually. An important issue is whether a presynaptic action potential causes, at most, a single vesicle to be released, or whether multiquantal transmission is possible. Previous work in the @entity1399 region has shown that the response to stimulation of a single axon can be highly variable, apparently because it is composed of a variable number of quantal elements ( approximately 5 pA in amplitude). These quantal events have a low coefficient of variation (CV). Because the number of synaptic contacts involved is not known, the response could be because of uniquantal transmission at a varying number of synapses, or to multliquantal transmission at a single synapse. The former predicts that the CV at individual synapses should be small. We have used optical methods to measure the @entity1024 receptor-mediated @entity141 elevation at single active synapses. Our main finding is that the amplitude of nonfailure responses could be highly variable, having a CV as large as 0.63. In one fortuitous experiment, the optically studied synapse was the only active synapse, and we could therefore measure both its @entity1024 ( @entity143 ) receptor- and @entity140 ( @entity140 ) receptor-mediated signals. At this synapse, both signals varied over a 10-fold range and were highly correlated. These results strongly suggest that transmission at single @entity1399 synapses can be multiquantal. Furthermore, the individual quantal response is very far from saturation, allowing the effective summation of many quanta. The existence of multiquantal release has important implications for defining synaptic strength and understanding the mechanisms of synaptic plasticity.

title: The high variance of @entity140 receptor- and XXXX receptor-mediated responses at single hippocampal synapses: evidence for multiquantal release.

entities_list: @entity1024 :: ('CHEBI:31882', 'Chemical') :: ['N-methyl-D-aspartate']

entities_list: @entity140 :: ('MESH:D018350', 'Chemical') :: ['AMPA', 'alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid']

answer: @entity143 :: (CHEBI:6121,Chemical) :: ['NMDA']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Control and elimination of @entity311 still represents a major public health challenge. Emerging parasite resistance to current therapies urges development of antimalarials with novel mechanism of action. Phospholipid biosynthesis of the @entity3964 parasite has been validated as promising candidate antimalarial target. The most prevalent de novo pathway for synthesis of @entity2434 is the Kennedy pathway. Its regulatory and often also rate limiting step is catalyzed by @entity93 : @entity2945 cytidylyltransferase (CCT). The CHO-MT58 cell line expresses a mutant variant of CCT, and displays a thermo-sensitive phenotype. At non-permissive temperature (40  C), the endogenous CCT activity decreases dramatically, blocking membrane synthesis and ultimately leading to apoptosis. In the present study we investigated the impact of the analogous mutation in a catalytic domain construct of @entity3964 CCT in order to explore the underlying molecular mechanism that explains this phenotype. We used temperature dependent enzyme activity measurements and modeling to investigate the functionality of the mutant enzyme. Furthermore, MS measurements were performed to determine the oligomerization state of the protein, and @entity601 simulations to assess the inter-subunit interactions in the dimer. Our results demonstrate that the @entity73130 mutation does not directly influence enzyme catalytic activity. Instead, it provokes @entity101 by destabilizing the CCT dimer. This can possibly explain the significance of the PfCCT pseudoheterodimer organization in ensuring proper enzymatic function. This also provide an explanation for the observed thermo-sensitive phenotype of CHO-MT58 cell line.

title: Molecular Mechanism for the Thermo-Sensitive Phenotype of CHO-MT58 Cell Line Harbouring a Mutant @entity93 : XXXX Cytidylyltransferase.

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['increased heat-sensitivity']

entities_list: @entity2434 :: ('MESH:D010713', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphatidylcholine']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum', 'Plasmodium']

entities_list: @entity2945 :: ('MESH:D010767', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphocholine']

answer: @entity2945 :: (MESH:D010767,Chemical) :: ['Phosphocholine']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The present study reviewed all cases reported of isolated @entity79 in the head and neck of pediatric @entity1 . The objective was to create a treatment algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and management of these lesions. DATA SOURCES: Eligible articles were identified through a comprehensive search of the following electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. REVIEW METHODS: Two authors independently reviewed the titles and abstracts retrieved by the electronic search concordant with the criteria for study eligibility. The lists of articles from each author were jointly reviewed and a common list created. All relevant articles were reviewed in hard copies and as full texts to justify inclusion. RESULTS: A total of 201 @entity1 (67% male, mean age: 8.1    4.3 years) were included from 45 studies. Clinical presentations included swelling (64%), @entity158 (9%), or both (18%). The skull (61%) and the orbit (24%) were the most common location for isolated @entity79 in the head and neck. The most frequently documented management option was resection, followed by observation, chemotherapy, and intralesional @entity479 injection. CONCLUSIONS: Due to its rarity and variability in presentation and severity, treatment of these lesions has yet to be standardized. Based on the review, a diagnosis and treatment algorithm was created for head and neck surgeons when encountering these types of lesions.

title: Isolated Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Bone Lesion in Pediatric XXXX : Systematic Review and Treatment Algorithm.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity79 :: ('MESH:D001847', 'Disease') :: ['Langerhans cell histiocytosis bone lesions', 'bone lesions']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Metal oxide transport layers have played a crucial role in recent progress in organic photovoltaic (OPV) device stability. Here, we measure the stability of inverted and encapsulated @entity27416 : @entity16820 cells with @entity34687 /Ag/Al composite anode in operational conditions combining solar radiation and 65   C. Performance loss of over 50% in the first 100 h of the aging is dominated by a drop in the short-circuit current (Jsc). We reveal a concurrent loss in reflectance from 85% to 50% above 650 nm, which is below the optical gap of the used photoactive materials, hence, excluding any major degradation in the bulk of this layer. Correlating the responses of aged devices to a series of test structures comprised of ITO/ @entity1948 cathode, @entity34687 /Ag, and @entity34687 /Ag/Al anodes and their combinations with the active layer allowed us to identify that the presence of Al causes the reduced reflectance in these devices, independent of the presence of the active layer. Systematic single-stress aging on the test structures further indicates that elevated heat is the cause of the reflectance loss. Cross-section transmission electron microscopy coupled with elemental analysis revealed the unsuspected role of Al; notably, it diffuses through the entire 150 nm thick Ag layer and accumulates at the @entity34687 /Ag interface. Moreover, XRD analysis of the aged @entity34687 /Ag/Al anode indicates the formation of Ag2Al alloy. Depth profiling with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy advanced our understanding by confirming the formation of Ag-Al intermetallic alloy and the presence of oxidized Al only at the @entity34687 /Ag interface suggesting a concomitant reduction of @entity34687 to most probably @entity71361 . This latter compound is less reflective than @entity34687 , which can explain the reduced reflectance in aged devices as proven by optical simulations. On the basis of these results, we could estimate that 20% of the loss in Jsc is ascribed to reduction of @entity34687 triggered by its direct contact with Al.

title: Root-Cause Failure Analysis of Photocurrent Loss in XXXX : @entity16820 -Based Inverted Solar Cells.

entities_list: @entity27416 :: ('MESH:C066730', 'Chemical') :: ['polythiophene']

entities_list: @entity16820 :: ('MESH:D037741', 'Chemical') :: ['fullerene']

answer: @entity27416 :: (MESH:C066730,Chemical) :: ['Polythiophene']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful minimally invasive or imaging-guided operations in @entity1 with primary, recurrent, and persistent @entity2742 are based on the reliability of preoperative parathyroid localization studies. The CT-MIBI image fusion promises a higher diagnostic accuracy than current imaging procedures. The aim of our study was to assess its reliability in correctly detecting enlarged parathyroid glands. METHODS: In a prospective study 24 consecutive @entity1 underwent CT-MIBI image fusion as preoperative parathyroid localization procedure. The results of @entity1136 99m sestamibi single photon emission computed tomography (MIBI-SPECT) alone, today the standard method in parathyroid imaging, and CT-MIBI image fusion were analyzed by a blinded reviewer, and the imaging results were compared with the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: For CT-MIBI image fusion a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% in correctly detecting the position of enlarged parathyroid glands was calculated and compared with a sensitivity of MIBI-SPECT of 31% and a specificity of 87% (P<.001). This new imaging technique enabled us to successfully treat 22 of our @entity1 (92%) with imaging-guided surgery. Twenty (83%) underwent unilateral or minimally invasive operations. CONCLUSIONS: CT-MIBI image fusion appears to be superior to MIBI-SPECT in preoperative parathyroid imaging. CT-MIBI image fusion can be performed on existing CT- and MIBI-SPECT units. We recommend this method for preoperative localization in @entity1 with primary, recurrent and persistent @entity2742 .

title: CT-MIBI image fusion: a new preoperative localization technique for primary, recurrent, and persistent XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1136 :: ('MESH:D013667', 'Chemical') :: ['technetium']

entities_list: @entity2742 :: ('MESH:D006961', 'Disease') :: ['hyperparathyroidism']

answer: @entity2742 :: (MESH:D006961,Disease) :: ['hyperparathyroidism']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Seasonal trends were demonstrated in reproduction and sexual activity. Through the secretion ofmelatonin the pineal gland plays an important role in the neuroendocrine control of sexual function and reproductive physiology. We hypothesized that inhibition of the pineal gland activity through a light treatment may favorably affect sexual function. METHODS: We recruited 24 subjects with a diagnosis of @entity458 and/or primary @entity458 . The subjects were randomly assigned to either active light treatment (ALT) or placebo light treatment (L-PBO). @entity1 were assessed during the first evaluation and after 2 weeks of treatment, using the Structured Clinical Interview for Sexual Disorders DSM-IV (SCID-S) and a self-administered rating scale of the level of sexual satisfaction (1 to 10). Repeated ANOVA measures were performed to compare the two groups of @entity1 . Post-hoc analysis was performed by Holm-Sidak test for repeated comparisons. Results. At baseline the two groups were comparable. After 2 weeks the group treated with Light Therapy showed a significant improvement in sexual satisfaction, about 3 times higher than the group that received placebo, while no significant improvement was observed in the group L-PBO. Conclusions. Our results confirm a potentially beneficial effect of Light Therapy on primary @entity250 . In the future, we propose to correlate clinical findings with @entity251 levels pre/post treatment.

title: [Light therapy as a treatment for XXXX --beyond a pilot study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity458 :: ('MESH:D020018', 'Disease') :: ['hypoactive sexual desire disorder', 'sexual arousal disorder']

entities_list: @entity250 :: ('MESH:D012735', 'Disease') :: ['sexual dysfunction']

answer: @entity250 :: (MESH:D012735,Disease) :: ['sexual dysfunctions']


abstract: Thiazide diuretics have been in use for over 30 years in the treatment of @entity101 . Their action results in a reduction in peripheral resistance without a significant @entity998 or a major shift in plasma volume. They are as or more effective than any of the other antihypertensive agents when used as monotherapy and can serve as baseline therapy in combination with any of the available adrenergic, converting enzyme-inhibiting agents, or @entity460 -entry blockers. There is a high degree of @entity1 acceptance; titration to an effective dosage is relatively easy; and cost, relatively low. Although certain undesirable metabolic changes may occur following the use of these agents, most of them are controllable, and there is no evidence to date that they offset the benefits achieved by blood pressure lowering. Asymptomatic elevated uric acids have not been shown to be of great significance. If gout occurs, it can be managed. Alterations in @entity413 metabolism may occur, and in some @entity1 , it appears that blood @entity413 levels are elevated over time. This is not a desirable metabolic change, but is one of doubtful prognostic significance. Changes in lipids are generally short-term, and in the major clinical trials, lipid levels have not remained elevated with a continuation of diuretic therapy. Although diuretics produce @entity1371 in a fairly high percentage of @entity1 , this is not generally severe (less than 3.3 mEq per liter) and usually does not produce symptoms. There is no firm evidence that the @entity1371 produced by diuretics predisposes the @entity1 to severe @entity943 or @entity944 , although this point has been emphasized repeatedly in recent publications. Diuretics can usually be given without @entity972 -maintenance therapy. However, @entity1371 should be prevented in the elderly, in @entity1 with @entity741 , @entity4346 and those on digitalis, or with @entity6 . We prefer @entity972 -sparing agents along with a diuretic over supplements to prevent @entity1371 ; the number of pills is kept at a reasonable level, and cost is minimized. Physicians should continue to prescribe diuretics as first-step therapy in the majority of @entity1 to maximize therapeutic outcome.

title: Diuretics in the management of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity998 :: ('MESH:D002303', 'Disease') :: ['decrease in cardiac output']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic heart disease']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmias']

entities_list: @entity1371 :: ('MESH:D007008', 'Disease') :: ['hypokalemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: Heritable and genetic factors pertinent to @entity694 can be divided into three categories: inherited syndromes, @entity74 , and molecular genetics. @entity1412 ( @entity1412 ) and @entity4511 ( @entity4511 ) are rare dominantly inherited syndromes characterized by hundreds to thousands of colonic @entity6523 . @entity694 occurs at a young age in both diseases unless the colon is removed. @entity2838 and @entity1412 are @entity74 with a less dramatic, but definite, increased risk for @entity694 . These four @entity1412 syndromes together account for less than 1% of cases of @entity694 . @entity14 is a dominantly inherited form of @entity694 characterized by an early age of onset and a predilection for proximal @entity5 . Multiple primary @entity5 are frequently observed and one or several @entity6523 are often present in affected individuals; 4-6% of @entity694 cases occur in relationship to this syndrome. Genetic epidemiological studies have consistently shown that first-degree relatives of @entity1 with @entity694 have a twofold to threefold increased risk of having @entity694 . More recent studies have found a similar risk among relatives of those with @entity6523 . Studies of @entity694 and @entity6523 in pedigrees have further demonstrated that this familial clustering probably occurs on the basis of partially penetrant inherited susceptibilities. These inherited susceptibilities probably interact with environmental factors to give rise to @entity1127 growth and finally @entity694 . Molecular studies have begun to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of @entity694 at the DNA level. The germinal mutation of @entity1412 and @entity4511 has been localized to the long arm of chromosome 5. Tissue samples from "random" @entity6523 and @entity694 have shown frequent and specific acquired DNA sequence deletions on chromosomes 5, 17, and 18. Mutations and over-expression of the ras oncogene likewise have been observed in such tissues. The chromosome 5 defect in @entity1127 and @entity5 tissues is probably at the same locus as the germinal mutation of @entity1412 . There is evidence that this locus normally regulates expression of the @entity517 oncogene, which in turn probably has a regulatory function in DNA replication. The chromosome 17 deletion is a mutation of the gene for the transformation-associated protein, @entity876 . Appropriate screening starting at a relatively young age is necessary to prevent @entity4310 . Screening is also indicated in close relatives of those with nonsyndromic or common @entity694 in view of the moderately increased risk for @entity694 in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Risk and surveillance of individuals with heritable factors for @entity14 . WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4310 :: ('MESH:D009386', 'Disease') :: ['cancer in the inherited syndromes']

entities_list: @entity4511 :: ('MESH:D005736', 'Disease') :: ['Gardner syndrome', 'GS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancies', 'cancer', 'colonic tumours']

entities_list: @entity2838 :: ('MESH:D010580', 'Disease') :: ['Peutz-Jeghers syndrome']

entities_list: @entity6523 :: ('MESH:D018256', 'Disease') :: ['adenomatous polyps']

entities_list: @entity74 :: ('MESH:D030342', 'Disease') :: ['inherited hamartomatous polyposis conditions', 'genetic epidemiology']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['FAP', 'polyposis', 'familial juvenile polyposis', 'Familial adenomatous polyposis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon cancer', 'Colon cancer', 'colon malignancy', 'colon cancers']

answer: @entity14 :: (MESH:D015179,Disease) :: ['Colorectal Cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) are presented with several treatment options of similar efficacy but varying side effects. Understanding how and why @entity1 make their treatment decisions, as well as the effect of treatment choice on long-term outcomes, is critical to ensuring effective, @entity1 -centered care. This study examined treatment decision-making in a racially diverse, equal-access, contemporary cohort of @entity1 with @entity263 counseled on treatment options at a multidisciplinary clinic. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was initiated at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (formerly Walter Reed Army Medical Center) in 2006. Newly diagnosed @entity1 with @entity263 were enrolled before attending a multidisciplinary clinic. @entity1 completed surveys preclinic and postclinic to assess treatment preferences, reasons for treatment choice, and decisional regret. RESULTS: As of January 2014, 925 @entity1 with @entity263 enrolled in this study. Surgery (54%), external radiation (20%), and active surveillance (12%) were the most common primary treatments for @entity1 with low- and intermediate-risk @entity263 , whereas @entity1 with high-risk @entity263 chose surgery (34%) or external radiation with neoadjuvant hormones (57%). Treatment choice differed by age at diagnosis, race, comorbidity status, and calendar year in both univariable and multivariable analyses. @entity1 preferred to play an active role in the decision-making process and cited doctors at the clinic as the most helpful source of treatment-related information. Almost all @entity1 reported satisfaction with their decision. CONCLUSIONS: This is one of the first prospective cohort studies to examine treatment decision-making in an equal-access, multidisciplinary clinic setting. Studies of this cohort would aid in understanding and improving the @entity263 decision-making process.

title: A prospective cohort study of treatment decision-making for XXXX following participation in a multidisciplinary clinic.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer', 'PCa']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 with @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) or @entity64 are at risk for @entity73 and @entity303 . Currently, there is no known effective strategy to prevent this @entity73 . Increasing evidence exists that physical exercise is beneficial for cognitive function. However, in @entity1 with @entity4905 or @entity64 who are at risk of @entity73 and @entity303 , only a few trials have been conducted. In this study, we aim to investigate whether a physical exercise programme (MoveIT) can prevent @entity73 in @entity1 in the acute phase after a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A single-blinded randomised controlled trial will be conducted to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise programme on cognition compared with usual care. 120 adult @entity1 with a @entity4905 or minor @entity64 than 1   month ago will be randomly allocated to an exercise programme consisting of a 12-week aerobic exercise programme and regular follow-up visits to a specialised physiotherapist during the period of 1   year or to usual care. Outcome measures will be assessed at the baseline, and at the 1-year and 2-year follow-up. The primary outcome is cognitive functioning measured with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test and with additional neuropsychological tests. Secondary outcomes include maximal exercise capacity, self-reported physical activity and measures of secondary prevention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study received ethical approval from the VU University Amsterdam Ethics committee (2011/383). The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at international conferences. We will also disseminate the main results to our @entity1 in a letter. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The Nederlands Trial Register NTR3884.

title: A randomised controlled trial of aerobic exercise after @entity4905 or minor @entity64 to prevent XXXX : the MoveIT study protocol.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'ischaemic stroke', 'ischaemic stroke less']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['cognitive impairment', 'cognitive decline']

entities_list: @entity4905 :: ('MESH:D002546', 'Disease') :: ['transient ischaemic attack', 'TIA']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['cognitive decline']


abstract: @entity415 are cultivated in southwest Greenland without the use of pesticides and with limited crop rotation. Despite the fact that plant-pathogenic fungi are present, no severe-disease outbreaks have yet been observed. In this report, we document that a @entity415 soil at Inneruulalik in southern Greenland is suppressive against Rhizoctonia solani Ag3 and uncover the suppressive antifungal mechanism of a highly potent biocontrol bacterium, @entity11763 In5, isolated from the suppressive @entity415 soil. A combination of molecular genetics, genomics, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) revealed an antifungal genomic island in @entity11763 In5 encoding two nonribosomal peptides, nunamycin and nunapeptin, which are key components for the biocontrol activity by strain In5 in vitro and in soil microcosm experiments. Furthermore, complex microbial behaviors were highlighted. Whereas nunamycin was demonstrated to inhibit the mycelial growth of R.  solani Ag3, but not that of Pythium aphanidermatum, nunapeptin instead inhibited P.  aphanidermatum but not R.  solani Ag3. Moreover, the synthesis of nunamycin by @entity11763 In5 was inhibited in the presence of P.  aphanidermatum. Further characterization of the two peptides revealed nunamycin to be a monochlorinated 9-amino-acid cyclic lipopeptide with similarity to members of the syringomycin group, whereas nunapeptin was a 22-amino-acid cyclic lipopeptide with similarity to corpeptin and syringopeptin. IMPORTANCE: Crop rotation and systematic pest management are used to only a limited extent in Greenlandic @entity415 farming. Nonetheless, although plant-pathogenic fungi are present in the soil, the farmers do not experience major @entity66 outbreaks. Here, we show that a Greenlandic @entity415 soil is suppressive against Rhizoctonia solani, and we unravel the key biocontrol components for @entity11763 In5, one of the potent biocontrol bacteria isolated from this Greenlandic suppressive soil. Using a combination of molecular genetics, genomics, and microbial imaging mass spectrometry, we show that two cyclic lipopeptides, nunamycin and nunapeptin, are important for the biocontrol activity of @entity11763 In5 both in vitro and in microcosm assays. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the synthesis of nunamycin is repressed by the oomycete Pythium aphanidermatum. Overall, our report provides important insight into interkingdom interference between bacteria and fungi/oomycetes.

title: Nonribosomal Peptides, Key Biocontrol Components for XXXX In5, Isolated from a Greenlandic Suppressive Soil.

entities_list: @entity11763 :: ('294', 'Species') :: ['P.  fluorescens', 'Pseudomonas fluorescens']

entities_list: @entity415 :: ('4113', 'Species') :: ['potato', 'Potatoes']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['plant disease']

answer: @entity11763 :: (294,Species) :: ['Pseudomonas fluorescens']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Many @entity1 with @entity64 receive integrative medicine in China, which includes the basic treatment of Western medicine and routine rehabilitation, in conjunction with acupuncture and Chinese medicine. The question of whether integrative medicine is efficacious for @entity64 rehabilitation is still controversial and very little research currently exists on the integrated approach for this condition. Consequently, we will conduct a multicentre, randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of integrative medicine on @entity64 rehabilitation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: 360 @entity1 recruited from three large Chinese medical hospitals in Zhejiang Province will be randomly divided into the integrative medicine rehabilitation (IMR) group and the conventional rehabilitation (CR) group in a 1:1 ratio. @entity1 in the IMR group will receive acupuncture and Chinese herbs in addition to basic Western medicine and rehabilitation treatment. The CR group will not receive acupuncture and Chinese herbal medicine. The assessment data will be collected at baseline, 4 and 8   weeks postrandomisation, and then at 12   weeks' follow-up. The primary outcome is measured by the Modified Barthel Index. The secondary outcomes are the National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment, the mini-mental state examination and Montreal Cognitive, Hamilton's @entity308 Scale and Self-Rating @entity308 Scale, and the incidence of adverse events. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval was obtained from ethics committees of three hospitals. The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international congresses. The results will also be disseminated to @entity1 by telephone, during follow-up calls inquiring on @entity1 's post-study health status. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR-TRC-12001972, http://www.chictr.org/en/proj/show.aspx?proj=2561.

title: Integrative medicine for subacute XXXX rehabilitation: a study protocol for a multicentre, randomised, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression']

answer: @entity64 :: (MESH:D020521,Disease) :: ['stroke']


abstract: The carotid body is a major sensor of @entity26 partial pressure in the arterial blood, and plays a role in the control of respiration. Despite extensive investigation of the structure, the cellular basis of the transduction mechanism remains poorly understood. We have developed a preparation of freshly dissociated cells from the @entity95 carotid body, in which two cell types may be identified using morphological criteria. The preparation allows application of the patch clamp technique to characterize the properties of the cells which have otherwise proved difficult to study in situ. Carotid bodies of @entity95 were dissociated using a combination of enzymatic and mechanical procedures. The dissociated preparation obtained consisted of clusters of spherical or ovoid cells of 12-15 microns in diameter and a distinct population of spherical cells of 8-10 microns diameter. Electron microscopic techniques were used to identify the cells present in the preparation. Again two populations of cells could be distinguished. A population of cells 10-12 microns in diameter, often found in clusters, possessed the dense-cored vesicles characteristic of Type I cells, while a population of smaller cells (diameter 5-7 microns) had peripherally condensed nuclear chromatin and fine cytoplasmic surface extensions characteristic of Type II cells. Patch clamp study of the cells showed that they represent two electrophysiologically distinct populations. The larger cells, corresponding to Type I cells, were found to be excitable, generating fast, @entity1372 -dependent action potentials that were recorded both in the cell attached and whole cell recording configurations. The smaller Type II cells did not generate action potentials. Voltage clamp study of Type I cells allowed definition of a range of voltage-gated currents. These included an inactivating, @entity1022 -sensitive inward @entity1372 current, a high threshold sustained inward @entity460 current, and outward @entity972 currents. A component of the outward current showed a dependence on voltage-gated @entity460 entry, and was blocked by @entity1953 or @entity3409 . Of the @entity460 -dependent current, a component was sensitive to apamin, and the remaining current was blocked by @entity5128 . Type II cells showed only a high threshold outward @entity972 current. These studies have thus revealed an electrophysiological differentiation that parallels the morphological differentiation of the cells of the carotid body. The Type I cell is essentially neuron-like in its properties, while the Type II cell appears to have properties resembling those of glial elements elsewhere in the nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Biophysical studies of the cellular elements of the XXXX carotid body.

entities_list: @entity5128 :: ('MESH:D019789', 'Chemical') :: ['tetraethylammonium']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbit']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of L- and T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on interstitial @entity82 in chronic unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Tubulointerstitial @entity82 is a common outcome of several progressive @entity8 . @entity460 channel blockers are widely used for the treatment of @entity101 with @entity8 ; however, the direct effect of @entity460 channel blockers on @entity8 independent of lowering blood pressure has not been fully elucidated. METHODS: @entity35 were divided into 3 treatment groups: (1) vehicle control; (2) @entity594 , an L-type @entity460 channel blockers; and (3) @entity16002 , a T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers. Treatment was initiated 1 day before and continued until 6 days after creation of the UUO. RESULTS: Tubulointerstitial @entity82 in the obstructed kidney was significantly increased compared with that in the contralateral unobstructed kidney. Furthermore, the increased @entity82 was accompanied by increased fibrogenic signaling expressed by transforming growth factor b1 and @entity2528 mRNA levels, increased oxidative stress expressed by @entity42458 , @entity12614 and @entity8562 mRNA level. Moreover, treatment with a nonhypotensive dose of @entity16002 but not @entity594 in the obstructed kidney significantly suppressed the fibrogenic signaling and the oxidative stress, resulting in reduced tubulointerstitial @entity82 . The plasma @entity1369 level in @entity16002 -treated animals was increased compared with vehicle-treated animals, although not significantly. The increased plasma @entity1369 level did not increase @entity14357 mRNA level in @entity16002 but not in @entity594 treated animals. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity16002 improved tubulointerstitial @entity82 more effectively than treatment with @entity594 in UUO. The antifibrogenic effect by @entity16002 was obtained through suppression of fibrogenic signaling.

title: Inhibitory effects of T/L-type @entity460 channel blockers on tubulointerstitial XXXX in obstructed kidneys in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal diseases']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity16002 :: ('MESH:C066425', 'Chemical') :: ['efonidipine']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1369 :: ('MESH:D000450', 'Chemical') :: ['aldosterone']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium', 'Calcium']

entities_list: @entity594 :: ('MESH:D009543', 'Chemical') :: ['nifedipine']

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['Sprague-Dawley rats']

entities_list: @entity2528 :: ('64032(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['connective tissue growth factor']

answer: @entity82 :: (MESH:D005355,Disease) :: ['fibrosis']


abstract: The value of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of @entity977 has recently been stressed, especially of the coronal view with contrast enhancement. Analysis of the CT scans of 33 @entity2124 ( @entity2124 ) secreting @entity977 was done (11 cases of microadenomas, 7 cases of intrasellar @entity652 and 15 cases of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension). In macroadenomas, the density was high in five cases, high with isodense portion in two cases, mixed in four cases, isodense in three cases, and isodense and low dense in one case. Six @entity652 showed homogeneous density and nine were heterogeneous. After contrast enhancement, two cases showed marked enhancement, ten cases mild and three cases ring enhancement. Margin of @entity652 was smooth in nine cases and irregular in six. Among seven cases of intrasellar @entity652 one accompanied primary @entity4776 . In microadenomas ten of eleven cases had hypodense mass inside the normally enhanced pituitary gland. The margin was ill-defined in seven cases and well-defined in three. Eight cases had pituitary height 7 mm or more. Upper surface of the pituitary gland was convex upward in five cases, flat in four and concave in two. Deviation of pituitary stalk was found in seven cases. Bony changes of sellar floor were recognized in three cases. There was a tendency that serum @entity2124 level increased with the increment of the size of @entity652 . Serum @entity2124 levels in @entity652 with ring enhancement were lower than those in the homogeneously enhanced @entity652 of similar size. One case with marked enhancement showed the highest @entity2124 level among all @entity652 of the presented series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [CT findings of XXXX secreting @entity977 ].

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity977 :: ('MESH:D010911', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary adenomas', 'pituitary adenoma']

entities_list: @entity4776 :: ('MESH:D004652', 'Disease') :: ['empty sella']

answer: @entity2124 :: (2688,Gene) :: ['growth hormone']


abstract: To evaluate the case-finding strategy for @entity170 in Norway, a questionnaire concerning risk factors for @entity170 and history of osteodensitometry was mailed to a population-based cohort of 6000 @entity1 and 6000 @entity1 . Suboptimal examination rates among high risk and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals was found. PURPOSE: In Norway, a case-finding strategy for @entity170 has been used. No data exist regarding the efficacy of this approach. The aim was to examine the prevalence of risk factors for @entity170 and factors related to the use of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Norway. METHODS: Questionnaires regarding previous history of DXA, risk factors for @entity170 and @entity174 were sent to an age-stratified, nationwide cross-sectional sample of 6000 @entity1 and 6000 @entity1 aged 40-90  years, drawn from the Norwegian Civil Registration System. RESULTS: Valid responses (6029) were included. Twenty-two point three percent of @entity1 and 3.8  % of @entity1 had been examined by DXA. Suboptimal examination rates among high risk (e.g., current/previous glucocorticoid treatment or previous low-energy @entity174 ) and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals was found. Of all DXA, 19.5  % were reported by @entity1 without any risk factor for @entity170 , similarly by 16.2  % of @entity1 . Distance to DXA facilities and current smoking were inversely related to probability of reporting a DXA. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal examination rates among high risk and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals were found. Distance to DXA, current smoking, and male sex constituted possible barriers to the case-finding strategy employed. Cheap and more available diagnostic tools for @entity170 are needed, and risk stratification tools should be employed more extensively.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and factors related to the use of DXA in Norway.

entities_list: @entity170 :: ('MESH:D010024', 'Disease') :: ['osteoporosis']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['fracture']

answer: @entity170 :: (MESH:D010024,Disease) :: ['osteoporosis']


abstract: The side chain of @entity492 95 in flavodoxin from @entity31539 provides the closest negative charge to N(1) of the bound FMN in the protein. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to substitute @entity493 , @entity2734 , or @entity2227 for this @entity535 to assess the effect of this charge on the @entity13478 / @entity8156 redox potential (E(1)) of the FMN cofactor. The @entity70583 mutation shifts the E(1) redox potential positively by 16 mV, while a negative shift of 23 mV occurs in the oxidized/ @entity13478 midpoint redox potential (E(2)). The crystal structures of the oxidized and @entity13478 forms of this mutant are similar to the corresponding states of the wild-type protein. In contrast to the wild-type protein, a further change in structure occurs in the @entity70583 mutant in the @entity8156 form. The side chain of Y98 flips into an energetically more favorable edge-to-face interaction with the bound FMN. Analysis of the structural changes in the @entity70583 mutant, taking into account electrostatic interactions at the FMN binding site, suggests that the pi-pi electrostatic repulsions have only a minor contribution to the very low E(1) redox potential of the FMN cofactor when bound to apoflavodoxin. Substitution of D95 with @entity2227 causes only a slight perturbation of the two one-electron redox potentials of the FMN cofactor. The structure of the @entity70584 mutant reveals a large movement of the 60-loop (residues 60-64) away from the @entity1785 in the oxidized structure. Reduction of this mutant to the @entity8156 causes the conformation of the 60-loop to revert back to that occurring in the structures of the wild-type protein. The crystal structures of the @entity70584 mutant imply that electrostatic repulsion between a @entity3338 on the side chain at position 95 and the @entity3971 ring of Y98 prevents rotation of the Y98 side chain to a more energetically favorable conformation as occurs in the @entity70583 mutant. Replacement of D95 with @entity2734 has no effect on E(2) but causes E(1) to change by 45 mV. The @entity70585 mutant failed to crystallize. The K(d) values of the protein FMN complex in all three oxidation-reduction states differ from those of the wild-type complexes. Molecular modeling showed that the conformational energy of the protein changes with the redox state, in qualitative agreement with the observed changes in K(d), and allowed the electrostatic interactions between the FMN and the surrounding groups on the protein to be quantified.

title: Crystallographic investigation of the role of @entity492 95 in the modulation of the redox potentials of XXXX flavodoxin.

entities_list: @entity31539 :: ('881', 'Species') :: ['Desulfovibrio vulgaris']

entities_list: @entity70585 :: ('p|SUB|D|95|N', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D95N']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity8156 :: ('MESH:C031927', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroquinone']

entities_list: @entity70584 :: ('p|SUB|D|95|E', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D95E']

entities_list: @entity2734 :: ('CHEBI:17196', 'Chemical') :: ['asparagine']

entities_list: @entity13478 :: ('CHEBI:15817', 'Chemical') :: ['semiquinone']

entities_list: @entity70583 :: ('p|SUB|D|95|A', 'ProteinMutation') :: ['D95A']

entities_list: @entity492 :: ('CHEBI:29995', 'Chemical') :: ['aspartate']

entities_list: @entity3338 :: ('CHEBI:35757', 'Chemical') :: ['carboxylate']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity31539 :: (881,Species) :: ['Desulfovibrio vulgaris']


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare @entity137 , survival and laryngeal preservation @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ), radiotherapy after supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy (SHLR) and radiotherapy after total laryngectomy (TLR) for advanced supraglottic @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1984 to 2012, 532 @entity1 (pts) were treated in our Department: 273 were potentially fit for conservative surgery (Group I) and 259 were not amenable to partial surgery (Group II). RESULTS: A younger age (p = 0.005), a better performance status (p < 0.001), the absence of comorbidities (p < 0.001) and the absence of nodal involvement (p = 0.006) favorably impacted on overall survival. More high-grade @entity33 (p = 0.009), mild @entity1282 (p < 0.001) and mild @entity2133 (p < 0.001) were found in @entity1168 group; surgical @entity1 had more @entity4 of neck (p = 0.009) and @entity137 (p = 0.008). Group I No differences in local, nodal and distant recurrences and in number of rescue laryngectomies were observed. The disease characteristics (T, N and stage) but not the treatment modality impacted on disease-free survival (DFS). Group II There was an higher number of local (p = 0.013) and nodal (p = 0.022) recurrences after @entity1168 . DFS (p = 0.01) was longer after TLR. No differences in DFS between TLR @entity1 and @entity1168 @entity1 who underwent radio-chemotherapy were found. CONCLUSION: In Group I, @entity1168 results in a local-regional control and organ preservation comparable to surgical treatments, with only slight increase of late mild @entity2133 and @entity1282 . In Group II @entity1168 was less effective than TLR, with a significantly worse DFS. The use of concurrent radical radio-chemotherapy seems to provide comparable loco-regional control to TLR.

title: Clinical outcomes and @entity137 after exclusive versus postoperative radiotherapy in XXXX : new solutions for old problems? The case of @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'skin toxicity']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['laryngeal cancer']

entities_list: @entity2133 :: ('MESH:D014987', 'Disease') :: ['xerostomia']

entities_list: @entity33 :: ('MESH:D052016', 'Disease') :: ['mucositis']

entities_list: @entity1282 :: ('MESH:D003680', 'Disease') :: ['dysphagia']

entities_list: @entity1168 :: ('MESH:D001919', 'Disease') :: ['rate after radiotherapy alone', 'RR']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['supraglottic cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Computed tomographic (CT) @entity536 ( @entity536 ) areas after endovascular therapy for acute @entity385 are a common finding indicative of blood-brain barrier disruption. @entity5748 allows an accurate differentiation between @entity536 areas related to @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or to @entity932 ( @entity932 ). We sought to evaluate the prognostic significance of the presence of @entity8 and @entity932 after endovascular therapy. METHODS: A prospective cohort of 132 @entity1 treated with endovascular therapy was analyzed. According to dual-energy CT findings, @entity1 were classified into 3 groups: no @entity536 areas (n=53), @entity8 (n=32), and @entity932 (n=47). The rate of new @entity548 transformations was recorded at follow-up neuroimaging. Clinical outcome was evaluated at 90 days with the modified Rankin Scale (poor outcome, 3-6). RESULTS: Poor outcome was associated with the presence of @entity8 (odds ratio [OR], 11.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.34-38.95) and @entity932 (OR, 10.4; 95% confidence interval, 3.42-31.68). The rate of poor outcome despite complete recanalization was also significantly higher in @entity8 (OR, 9.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.55-37.18) and @entity932 (OR, 15.1; 95% confidence interval, 3.85-59.35) groups, compared with the no- @entity536 group. @entity1 with @entity8 disclosed a higher incidence of delayed @entity548 transformation at follow-up (OR, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.22-16.37) compared with no- @entity536 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Blood-brain barrier disruption, defined as @entity8 and @entity932 on dual-energy CT, was associated with poor clinical outcomes in @entity1 with @entity64 treated with endovascular therapies. Moreover, isolated @entity8 was associated with delayed @entity548 transformation. These results support the clinical relevance of blood-brain barrier disruption in @entity64 .

title: Relevance of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption After Endovascular Treatment of XXXX : Dual-Energy Computed Tomographic Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['CS', 'contrast staining']

entities_list: @entity932 :: ('MESH:D020300', 'Disease') :: ['brain hemorrhage', 'BH']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'acute stroke']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhagic']

entities_list: @entity5748 :: ('MESH:D009105', 'Disease') :: ['Dual-energy CT']

entities_list: @entity536 :: ('MESH:C538265', 'Disease') :: ['high attenuation', 'HA']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity385 :: (MESH:D002544,Disease) :: ['Ischemic Stroke']


abstract: In recent years, there have been a large number of neuropeptides discovered that regulate food intake. Many of these peptides regulate food intake by increasing or decreasing @entity842 (NO). In the current study, we compared the effect of the food modulators @entity20649 , @entity32327 and @entity20648 in NOS KO @entity19 . Satiated homozygous and heterozygous NOS KO @entity19 and their wild type controls were administered @entity20649 ICV. Food intake was measured for 2h post injection. @entity20649 did not increase food intake in the homozygous NOS KO @entity19 compared to vehicle treated NOS KO @entity19 , whereas food intake was increased in the wild type controls compared to vehicle treated wild type controls. @entity32327 was administered ICV and food intake measured for 2h. Homozygous NOS KO @entity19 showed no increase in food intake after @entity32327 administration, whereas the wild type controls did. In our final study, we administered @entity20648 intraperitoneally to homozygous and heterozygous NOS KO @entity19 and their wild type controls after overnight food deprivation. Food intake was measured for 1h after injection. @entity20648 inhibited food intake in wild type @entity19 after overnight food deprivation, however, @entity20648 failed to inhibit food intake in the NOS KO @entity19 . The heterozygous @entity19 showed partial food inhibition after the @entity20648 . The current results add further support to the theory that NO is a central mediator in food intake.

title: XXXX is a central component in neuropeptide regulation of appetite.

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

answer: @entity842 :: (MESH:D009569,Chemical) :: ['Nitric oxide']


abstract: Phase II studies of biochemotherapy in metastatic @entity320 @entity1 have reported response rates of 47-63%. Even though these were highly selected @entity1 , we were intrigued by these promising response rates and began using this regimen as standard care in advanced @entity320 @entity1 . We report the results of the first 65 @entity1 with AJCC stage IV @entity320 (n = 57) or unresectable stage III (n = 8) @entity320 treated with concurrent biochemotherapy at Memorial Hospital. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks and @entity1 were assessed for antitumour effects after every other cycle. The overall response rate among the 63 @entity1 evaluable for response was 29% (three complete responses, 15 partial responses). The median duration of responses was 3.7 months. The response rate among previously treated and previously untreated @entity1 was 6% and 38%, respectively. The estimated median survival for all @entity1 was 8.5 months; the median survival for previously untreated @entity1 was 9.2 months. @entity5 response did not correlate with survival. Our experience, which is a retrospective evaluation, does not provide support for the routine use of biochemotherapy as standard treatment. The low response rate among previously treated @entity1 indicates that biochemotherapy is not useful as second-line therapy.

title: Clinical results using biochemotherapy as a standard of care in advanced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Tumour']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma']

answer: @entity320 :: (MESH:D008545,Disease) :: ['melanoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mammary glands of @entity1707 share many functional and morphological similarities with the breasts of @entity1 , raising the potential of their utility for research into the mechanisms underlying normal mammary function and breast carcinogenesis. Here we sought to establish a model for the efficient manipulation and transformation of porcine mammary epithelial cells (pMEC) in vitro and @entity5 growth in vivo. METHODS: We utilized a vector encoding the red florescent protein tdTomato to transduce populations of pMEC from Yorkshire -Hampshire crossbred female @entity1707 in vitro and in vivo. Populations of primary pMEC were then separated by FACS using markers to distinguish epithelial cells ( @entity675 -) from stromal cells ( @entity675 +), with or without further enrichment for basal and luminal progenitor cells ( @entity9617 +). These separated pMEC populations were transduced by lentivirus encoding murine polyomavirus T antigens (Tag) and tdTomato and engrafted to orthotopic or ectopic sites in immunodeficient NOD.Cg-Prkdc (scid) @entity42327 (tm1Wjl) /SzJ (NSG) @entity19 . RESULTS: We demonstrated that lentivirus effectively transduces pMEC in vitro and in vivo. We further established that lentivirus can be used for oncogenic-transformation of pMEC ex vivo for generating @entity5 in vivo. Oncogenic transformation was confirmed in vitro by anchorage-independent growth, increased cell proliferation, and expression of @entity986 , @entity7596 and @entity876 alongside decreased phosphorylation of Rb. Moreover, Tag-transformed @entity675 - and @entity675 - @entity9617   +   pMECs developed site-specific @entity5 of differing histopathologies in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Herein we establish a model for the transduction and oncogenic transformation of pMEC. This is the first report describing a porcine model of mammary epithelial cell tumorigenesis that can be applied to the study of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Neoplastic transformation of porcine mammary epithelial cells in vitro and XXXX formation in vivo.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'human']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancers']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'mammary tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['tumor']


abstract: Plant produced insect molting hormones, termed phytoecdysteroids (PEs), are thought to function as plant defenses against insects by acting as either feeding deterrents or through developmental disruption. In @entity2772 ( @entity2772 ), @entity11088 (20E) concentrations in the roots rapidly increase following root damage, root herbivory, or @entity19086 (MJ) applications. In this inducible system, we investigated the plant defense hypothesis by examining interactions of roots, 20E concentrations, and larvae of the dark-winged fungus gnat (Bradysia impatiens). Root herbivory by @entity27456 larvae resulted in a 4.0- to 6.6-fold increase in root 20E concentrations. In paired-choice tests, increases in dietary 20E stimulated @entity27456 feeding deterrency. @entity27456 larvae preferred control diets, low in 20E, to those constructed from induced roots and those amended with 20E (25 to 50 micro g/g wet mass). When confined to 20E-treated diets, concentrations as low as 5 micro g/g (wet mass) resulted in significantly reduced @entity27456 survivorship compared to controls. The induction of root 20E levels with MJ resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in 20E levels and a 50% reduction in @entity27456 larval establishment. In a paired-choice arena, untreated control roots were damaged significantly more by @entity27456 larvae than MJ-induced roots that contained 3-fold greater 20E levels. Based on dietary preference tests, the 20E concentrations present in the MJ-induced roots (28 micro g/g wet mass) were sufficient to explain this reduction in herbivory. Interactions between @entity2772 roots and @entity27456 larvae demonstrate that PEs can act as inducible defenses and provide protection against insect herbivory.

title: Interactions between XXXX and Bradysia impatiens: a role for phytoecdysteroids.

entities_list: @entity19086 :: ('MESH:C072239', 'Chemical') :: ['methyl jasmonate']

entities_list: @entity11088 :: ('MESH:D004441', 'Chemical') :: ['20-hydroxyecdysone']

entities_list: @entity2772 :: ('3562', 'Species') :: ['spinach', 'Spinacia oleracea']

answer: @entity2772 :: (3562,Species) :: ['Spinacia oleracea']


abstract: Data presented in the literature as to the relationship of @entity3328 and recent prior injections include several aspects. the coincidence of @entity912 in the same site as a recent injection has been considered the most definitive evidence. The fact of an inordinately large number of cases of @entity912 of an arm where a recent previous antigen injection was recorded offered less specific corroboration. The larger number of cases among @entity1 who had had an injection in the month preceding onset than among @entity1 with injections in more distant months was noted. This observation was supported when similar information was obtained in a comparison of injection histories for @entity1 who had the disease with the histories of @entity1 who did not have it. The interval between injection and onset among @entity1 who had the disease within a month of injection suggested something other than chance relationship. There is limited information indicating increased severity of @entity912 in the injected limb. Evidence is divided on whether or not there is more @entity66 among @entity1 with recent injections. Similarly, the evidence is no more than suggestive with regard to increased severity of @entity66 . The mechanism or nature of such a phenomenon is unexplained. However, as Anderson and Skaar said, "considerable attention must be attached to the fact of uniformity of results in a series of independent observations even though each may be small."

title: XXXX and parenteral injections; a review of recent literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['spinal paralytic disease', 'paralytic disease']

entities_list: @entity3328 :: ('MESH:D011051', 'Disease') :: ['poliomyelitis']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity3328 :: (MESH:D011051,Disease) :: ['Poliomyelitis']