abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Benefits and/or harms (including costs) of non- @entity2067 oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus @entity1229 therapy need appreciation in relative and absolute terms. METHODS: Accordingly, we derived clinically relevant relative and absolute benefit/harm parameters for NOACs ( @entity5424 , @entity3926 , @entity3925 , @entity14242 ) compared to @entity1229 from four clinical trials involving @entity955 ( @entity955 ) @entity1 . For each trial, we tabulated @entity1 numbers enduring four important outcomes and calculated unadjusted relative risk reduction (RRR) and number needed to treat (NNT)/year values (and 95% confidence intervals) for the NAOC compared to @entity1229 . These outcomes were @entity64 (primary-endpoint), @entity548 , major @entity548 , and @entity204 . We also addressed drug acquisition costs. RESULTS: Each NOAC was non-inferior to @entity1229 for primary-outcome prevention; RRRs were 12-33% and NNT/year values were 182-481, and all but one indicated statistically significant superiority. All the NOACs yielded statistically significant reductions in @entity548 risk; RRRs were 42-74% and NNT/year values were 364-528. Major @entity548 risk was comparable in both groups. @entity5424 yielded a lower NNT/year for preventing @entity204 than for primary-outcome prevention. Compared to @entity1229 , NOAC acquisition costs were 70-140 fold greater. CONCLUSIONS: For the primary-outcome, the absolute benefits of NOACs were modest (NNT/year values being large). Reduced @entity548 rates with NOACs could be due to superior @entity1188 prevention and fewer consequential haemorrhagic transformations. Among @entity5424 recipients, the absolute mortality benefit exceeded that for the primary-outcome, indicating prevention of additional unrelated deaths. The substantially greater NOAC acquisition costs need viewing against probable greater safety and the avoidance of monitoring @entity548 risks. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Non @entity2067 Oral Anticoagulants versus @entity1229 for XXXX with @entity955 : Absolute Benefit and Harm Assessments yield Novel Insights.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: [': stroke/systemic embolism']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding', 'bleeds', 'haemorrhagic-stroke']

entities_list: @entity2067 :: ('MESH:D014812', 'Chemical') :: ['vitamin K']

entities_list: @entity3926 :: ('MESH:C554682', 'Chemical') :: ['dabigatran']

entities_list: @entity3925 :: ('MESH:C503223', 'Chemical') :: ['rivaroxaban']

entities_list: @entity5424 :: ('MESH:C522181', 'Chemical') :: ['Apixaban', 'apixaban']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['embolic infarct']

entities_list: @entity1229 :: ('MESH:D014859', 'Chemical') :: ['warfarin']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) can safely be performed with slightly higher complication rates than radical nephrectomy (RN), but proof of oncologic effectiveness is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and time to progression. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : From March 1992 to January 2003, when the study was prematurely closed because of poor accrual, 541 @entity1 with small ( <=5 cm), solitary, T1-T2 N0 M0 (Union Internationale Contre le Cancer [UICC] 1978) @entity5 suspicious for @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) and a normal contralateral kidney were randomised to NSS or RN in European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Group (EORTC-GU) noninferiority phase 3 trial 30904. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomised to NSS (n=268) or RN (n=273) together with limited lymph node dissection (LND). MEASUREMENTS: Time to event end points was compared with log-rank test results. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Median follow-up was 9.3 yr. The intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis showed 10-yr @entity1349 rates of 81.1% for RN and 75.7% for NSS. With a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.16), the test for noninferiority is not significant (p=0.77), and test for superiority is significant (p=0.03). In @entity1358 @entity1 and clinically and pathologically eligible @entity1 , the difference is less pronounced (HR=1.43 and HR=1.34, respectively), and the superiority test is no longer significant (p=0.07 and p=0.17, respectively). Only 12 of 117 deaths were the result of @entity703 (four RN and eight NSS). Twenty-one @entity1 progressed (9 after RN and 12 after NSS). Quality of life and renal function outcomes have not been addressed. CONCLUSIONS: Both methods provide excellent oncologic results. In the ITT population, NSS seems to be significantly less effective than RN in terms of @entity1349 . However, in the targeted population of @entity1358 @entity1 , the trend in favour of RN is no longer significant. The small number of progressions and deaths from @entity703 cannot explain any possible @entity1349 differences between treatment types.

title: A prospective, randomised EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the oncologic outcome of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma', 'RCC']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

entities_list: @entity703 :: ('MESH:D007680', 'Disease') :: ['renal cancer']

answer: @entity1358 :: (MESH:D002292,Disease) :: ['low-stage renal cell carcinoma']


abstract: The risk for @entity715 is significantly increased in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ), affecting both venous and arterial vessels. Activated platelets are known to participate in @entity715 formation and growth. A general feature of activated cells is the shedding of microparticles (MP) which support coagulation by exposure of negatively charged phospholipids and possibly tissue factor (TF). In this work we characterized circulating MP in @entity1 with @entity1252 and their relationship with a procoagulant state. Thirty @entity1 with @entity1252 (aged 15-72 years, mean age 38 years) and 20 healthy controls (aged 22-54 years, mean age 34 years) were studied; @entity1 fulfilled 4 revised criteria for @entity1252 . The number and cellular source of circulating MP were determined by flow cytometry using double labeling with specific monoclonal antibodies and @entity4404 . @entity556 generation was measured as the endogenous @entity556 potential (ETP) without the addition of exogenous phospholipids and TF; under these conditions the generation of @entity556 depended directly on the number of MP present in plasma. @entity556 anti- @entity556 (TAT) and plasmin-antiplasmin ( @entity2786 ) complexes were measured by ELISA. Compared to the controls, circulating MP were significantly elevated in the @entity1 group (1218 +/- 136 vs 653 +/- 74 x 10(3)/ml plasma, p: 0.0007). In both groups, most of these MP were of platelet origin (927 +/- 131 vs 517 +/- 72 x 10(3)/ml plasma, p:0.009 ). ETP was higher among @entity1 as compared to the controls (804 +/- 64 vs 631 +/- 37 nM @entity556 , p: 0.025). Plasma levels ofTAT in @entity1 and controls were 3.4 +/- 0.8 and 1.4 +/- 0.5 microg/L, respectively (p:0.04), and of @entity2786 complexes were 62.5 +/- 14 and 24.05 +/- 2.5 microg/ml, respectively (p: 0.014). The number of platelet-derived MP correlated significantly with @entity556 generation (r: 0.42; p: 0.038) and TAT levels (r: 0.40; p: 0.035). We did not find an association of circulating MP with disease activity nor with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. The increased number of circulating platelet-derived microparticles and their association with high ETP and activation of the coagulation system suggest that these microparticles play an important role in the pathogenesis of the prothrombotic state in @entity1252 @entity1 .

title: Circulating platelet-derived microparticles in @entity1252 . Association with increased XXXX generation and procoagulant state.

entities_list: @entity556 :: ('2147', 'Gene') :: ['Thrombin', 'thrombin']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity556 :: (2147,Gene) :: ['thrombin']


abstract: Fourteen @entity1 (15 joints) developed a foreign body reaction to @entity3677 , @entity691 , or metal adjacent to a total joint implant, a condition we would like to term @entity738 . There were eight male and six female @entity1 . Their average age was 61 years. The hip was involved in 14 joints (femoral component 11 times, acetabulum 7, and greater trochanter once). One @entity1 presented with @entity738 of the knee. The principal findings included increasing @entity158 and radiographic evidence of loosening occurring on average 2.7 years following the implant. This was followed by a characteristic and gradually developing radiographic pattern of discrete rounded lucencies. These developed into large ovoid lytic areas, destroying both @entity3677 and bone. Histologically, the appearances were characterized by histiocytic infiltration and the presence of multiple foreign body giant cells. Foreign material was identified in 9 of 11 cases. The pathogenesis is unknown but appears related to micromovement or loosening of the implant.

title: XXXX in total joint replacement.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity691 :: ('MESH:D020959', 'Chemical') :: ['polyethylene']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous pseudotumors']

entities_list: @entity3677 :: ('MESH:D020366', 'Chemical') :: ['methylmethacrylate']

answer: @entity738 :: (MESH:D006099,Disease) :: ['Granulomatous pseudotumors']


abstract: The endoscopic approach for @entity253 in @entity1 with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy (SAGA) had been generally deemed impractical. However, it was radically made feasible by the introduction of double balloon endoscopy (DBE) that was originally developed for diagnosis and treatments for @entity29 . Followed by the subsequent development of @entity661 ( @entity661 ) and @entity4649 ( @entity4649 ), interventions using several endoscopes for @entity253 in @entity1 with SAGA widely gained an acceptance as a new modality. Many studies have been made on this new technique. Yet, some problems are to be solved. For instance, the mutual unavailability among devices due to different working lengths and channels, and unestablished standardization of procedural techniques can be raised. Additionally, in an attempt to standardize endoscopic procedures, it is important to evaluate biliary cannulating methods by case with existence of papilla or not. A full comprehension of the features of respective scope types is also required. However there are not many papers written as a review. In our manuscript, we would like to evaluate and make a review of the present status of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography applying DBE, @entity661 and @entity4649 for @entity253 in @entity1 with SAGA for establishment of these modalities as a new technology and further improvement of the scopes and devices.

title: Review of diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography using several endoscopic methods in XXXX with surgically altered gastrointestinal anatomy.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity29 :: ('MESH:D015212', 'Disease') :: ['small-bowel diseases']

entities_list: @entity253 :: ('MESH:D001660', 'Disease') :: ['biliary diseases', 'biliary disease']

entities_list: @entity661 :: ('MESH:D054549', 'Disease') :: ['single-balloon endoscopy', 'SBE']

entities_list: @entity4649 :: ('MESH:C563535', 'Disease') :: ['SE', 'spiral endoscopy']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: To provide insight into the reduced post- @entity64 all-cause mortality among Mexican Americans, we explored ethnic differences in the pre- @entity64 prevalence of (1) spirituality, (2) optimism, (3) @entity308 , and (4) @entity3329 in a Mexican American and non-Hispanic white @entity64 population. The @entity75 in Corpus Christi (BASIC) project is a population-based @entity64 surveillance study in Nueces County, Texas. Seven hundred ten @entity64 @entity1 were queried. For @entity3329 , optimism, and @entity308 scales, unadjusted ethnic comparisons were made using linear regression models. Regression models were also used to explore how age and gender modify the ethnic associations after adjustment for education. For the categorical spirituality variables, ethnic comparisons were made using Fisher's exact tests. Mexican Americans reported significantly more spirituality than non-Hispanic whites. Among @entity1 , age modified the ethnic associations with @entity64 and @entity3329 but not optimism. Mexican American @entity1 had more optimism than non-Hispanic white @entity1 . With age, Mexican American @entity1 had less @entity308 and @entity3329 , while non-Hispanic white @entity1 had more @entity3329 and similar @entity308 . Among @entity1 , after adjustment for education and age, there was no ethnic association with @entity3329 , @entity308 , and optimism. Spirituality requires further study as a potential mediator of increased survival following @entity64 among Mexican Americans. Among @entity1 , evaluation of the role of optimism, @entity308 , and @entity3329 as they relate to ethnic differences in post- @entity64 mortality should be explored.

title: The prevalence of spirituality, optimism, XXXX , and @entity3329 in a bi-ethnic @entity64 population.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'pre-stroke depression']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Brain Attack Surveillance']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depression']


abstract: Estrogenic regulation of gene expression involves interaction of the hormone with its receptors, which undergo structural and conformational changes to interact with specific DNA sequences. @entity7224 , @entity11667 , and @entity8037 , are ubiquitous cellular components. We studied the effects of these @entity4663 on @entity95 uterine @entity172 receptors by @entity969 gradient centrifugation and ligand dissociation kinetics. The native 7S receptor converted to a 9S-10S form in the presence of 100 microM @entity11667 or @entity8037 . Higher concentrations caused precipitation of the receptor. This precipitation was reduced by RNase treatment of the receptor. RNase-treated receptors sedimented at 4S and 7S regions of @entity969 gradient. The dissociation rate constant (k) of the 4S receptor is 2.8 X 10(-3) min-1 in the presence of 1 mM @entity11667 , compared to a control value of 7.7 X 10(-3) min-1. Similar effects were observed with @entity7224 and @entity8037 . The dissociation of the RNase-treated 7S receptor was biphasic, with about 50% of the receptors dissociating at a faster rate (k1 = 40 X 10(-3) min-1) than the other half (k2 = 7.4 X 10(-3) min-1). @entity11667 (1 mM) caused a 2-fold reduction in k2, whereas k1 was not affected. This study shows that @entity4663 affect the structural organization and ligand dissociation kinetics of @entity172 -receptor complexes.

title: Structural alterations and stabilization of @entity95 uterine XXXX receptors by natural @entity4663 .

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity8037 :: ('MESH:D013096', 'Chemical') :: ['spermine']

entities_list: @entity7224 :: ('MESH:D011700', 'Chemical') :: ['putrescine', 'Putrescine']

entities_list: @entity969 :: ('MESH:D013395', 'Chemical') :: ['sucrose']

entities_list: @entity4663 :: ('MESH:D011073', 'Chemical') :: ['polyamines']

entities_list: @entity11667 :: ('MESH:D013095', 'Chemical') :: ['Spermidine', 'spermidine']

answer: @entity172 :: (MESH:D004967,Chemical) :: ['estrogen']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Circulating @entity5 cells (CTCs) are cells that shed from a primary @entity5 and enter the peripheral blood circulation. The CTCs are closely associated with @entity5 development and @entity3 because of its high heterogeneity. However, there are still no effective methods to detect single-cell heterogeneity of the CTCs. To this end, we developed a method to detect gene mutation in CTCs at the single-cell level and applied it to the detection of @entity470 gene mutation in @entity2 CTC. Specifically, the rare CTCs were captured from blood using an integrated microfluidic system, and then were released into a microchip with thousands of nanoliter wells to isolate single CTC. The single CTC was then transferred into a PCR tube under the microscope for single-cell genome amplification and detection of @entity470 gene mutation. We firstly modified chip and capillary and optimized PCR conditions (annealing temperature, number of cycles) using @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) cell lines A549, NCI-H1650 and NCI-H1975 as samples, which showed maximal amplification after 30 cycles with an annealing temperature at 59   . We then successfully detected blood samples from @entity1149 @entity1 using this method. 5 CTCs were obtained from 2 mL @entity1 's blood and the sequencing of @entity470 exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 showed no mutations. Our results demonstrated that this method is sensitive enough to detect gene mutation in single CTC and has guiding significance in clinic research.

title: Single-cell detection of @entity470 gene mutation in circulating @entity5 cells in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small-cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['single lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe 2 @entity1 , aged 19 years, who experienced a rolandic @entity410 at ages 4 and 5, respectively, together with the interictal EEG features of @entity1654 ( @entity1654 ). In adolescence both @entity1 developed photosensitive occipital @entity410 accompanied by spontaneous and photic-induced occipital EEG paroxysms. METHODS: We have been following 33 @entity1 with a history of @entity1654 , between ages 12 and 28 years (mean 17 years). Twenty-one of these @entity1 had experienced their last rolandic @entity410 before the age of 10 years and 9 of them had been without treatment since age 11 or earlier. In 2 of these 9 @entity1 , other types of @entity410 recurred after remission of @entity1654 . Clinical, EEG, and evoked potential findings on these 2 @entity1 are presented. RESULTS: After having experienced @entity1654 , both @entity1 suffered partial @entity410 from age 12, with @entity1833 , @entity227 , slow head turning, @entity158 , epigastric discomfort, unresponsiveness, and @entity391 . @entity410 onset was related to watching TV or exposure to bright light. EEG showed interictal occipital spikes, and a photoparoxysmal response limited to the occipital lobes. Visual evoked potentials were greatly increased in amplitude. One @entity1 had two @entity227 and remained @entity410 free after 4 years of follow-up, while the other had @entity410 controlled by an association of @entity1092 and @entity2049 . CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and neurophysiological characteristics suggest that these two @entity1 may have presented different age-related expressions within the spectrum of a benign @entity410 susceptibility syndrome rather than sharply distinct @entity302 .

title: Adolescent onset of idiopathic photosensitive occipital epilepsy after remission of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'girls']

entities_list: @entity410 :: ('MESH:D012640', 'Disease') :: ['seizure', 'seizures', 'Seizure']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual attacks only', 'visual blurring']

entities_list: @entity1092 :: ('MESH:D014635', 'Chemical') :: ['valproate']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['elementary visual hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity1654 :: ('MESH:D019305', 'Disease') :: ['benign rolandic epilepsy', 'BRE']

entities_list: @entity302 :: ('MESH:D004827', 'Disease') :: ['epilepsy syndromes']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['cephalic pain']

entities_list: @entity2049 :: ('MESH:D002220', 'Chemical') :: ['carbamazepine']

answer: @entity1654 :: (MESH:D019305,Disease) :: ['benign rolandic epilepsy']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asian has higher prevalence of @entity2316 ( @entity2316 ) and @entity454 when compared to Caucasian. No study to date has evaluated whether multifactorial intervention was associated with remission of microalbuminuria in type 2 @entity6 Asian population. We evaluated the effect of tightly controlling multiple factors on the remission of @entity2316 in type 2 @entity6 Chinese with microalbuminuria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A longitudinal cohort study was collected 587 type 2 @entity6 @entity1 with microalbuminuria. Cohort members received intensified treatment to meet the following ADA recommended goals: @entity4051 c <7%, systolic blood pressure (SBP) <130mmHg, diastolic blood pressure <80   mmHg, low-density lipoprotein @entity165 <100mgdL(-1) , @entity412 <   150mgdL(-1) , high-density lipoprotein @entity165 >40mgdL(-1) for @entity1 and >50mgdL(-1) for @entity1 . Remission of microalbuminuria was defined as shift of albumin-creatinine ratio from mircoalbuminuria to normoalbuminuria. RESULTS: During the 4  5-year period, 210 (35  8%) @entity1 achieved remission to normoalbuminuria. A significant association was found between the achievement of ADA goals, including @entity4051 c <   7% [hazard ratio (HR)=1  345; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1  010-1  792; P=0  04] and SBP <130mmHg (HR, 1  516; 95% CI, 1  100-2  089; P=0  01) and remission of microalbuminuria. The intensive SBP control (<120mmHg) was significantly associated with remission of microalbuminuria (HR, 2  076; 95% CI, 1  347-3  198; P<0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The remission of @entity2316 could be achieved under multifactorial intervention. Therapeutic focus on remission by tight glycemic and blood pressure control should be considered in Asian population with @entity6 and microalbuminuria.

title: Remission of XXXX in type 2 @entity6 Asian population: role of tight glucose and blood pressure control.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy', 'DN']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']


abstract: A number of studies have suggested that intake of @entity1443 during pregnancy and during the first months of life is associated with an increased risk of childhood @entity565 . We aimed to determine the association between @entity1443 usage during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life, and childhood @entity566 (i.e. positive skin prick tests), @entity56 , and @entity565 , using a matched @entity1 -sibling study comparing @entity1 with @entity56 with their healthy siblings without any symptoms of @entity56 . @entity566 in @entity1 and their siblings was determined by skin prick tests. @entity1 having at least one positive skin prick test were considered to be @entity56 . Intake of @entity1443 was assessed by standardized, interviewer-administered, questionnaire. Nineteen pairs of @entity56 @entity1 vs. non- @entity56 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity56 , while 15 pairs of @entity56 @entity1 vs. @entity56 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity565 . Moreover, 33 pairs of @entity56 @entity1 vs. non-asthmatic siblings (with and without @entity566 ) were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity565 . In addition, 17 @entity56 siblings (without @entity565 ) were compared with 19 non- @entity56 siblings (without @entity565 ) to determine the risk factors for @entity566 . Usage of @entity1443 during pregnancy was associated with @entity56 (p = 0.03). Furthermore, usage of @entity1443 between birth and 6 months of age, and between 4 and 6 months of age, was also found to be associated with @entity56 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03 respectively). Usage of @entity1443 during pregnancy and during the early months of life may play a role in the development of @entity56 and @entity56 in @entity1 . However, due to obvious ethical reasons, direct evidence for this association (i.e. a double-blind, prospective study) is not available.

title: A matched @entity1 -sibling study on the usage of @entity1443 and the subsequent development of XXXX and @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient', 'Children']

entities_list: @entity566 :: ('MESH:D006967', 'Disease') :: ['allergy', 'Allergy']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic diseases', 'allergic asthma', 'non-allergic asthma', 'allergic']

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['paracetamol']

answer: @entity566 :: (MESH:D006967,Disease) :: ['allergy']


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine why Polish @entity1 included in the International @entity64 Trial (IST) had a higher early case @entity3329 than @entity1 from other countries. METHODS: Of 19,435 @entity1 randomised to IST, 17,370 had CT or autopsy-confirmed @entity64 . We compared the baseline clinical state and 14-day case @entity3329 of @entity1 randomised in Polish centres with those from all other IST countries. We examined: age, gender, presence of @entity955 ( @entity955 ), conscious level, @entity51 , cause of @entity204 and @entity117 use in the 3 days before @entity64 . RESULTS: In Poland, the 14-day case @entity3329 rate was significantly higher than in other IST countries (13% vs. 9.6%; odds ratio, OR, 1.5, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.2-1.9). In Poland, a significantly higher proportion of @entity204 was attributed to @entity301 (2.5% vs. 0.7%) and @entity1151 (1.0% vs. 0.4%). Polish @entity1 had higher percentage of @entity955 and drowsiness, but were younger. When these factors were adjusted for, Polish @entity1 still had approximately a 57% higher risk of @entity204 within 14 days compared with other countries. A logistic regression analysis revealed that an increased risk of @entity204 within 14 days in Poland compared to other IST @entity1 was present among @entity1 younger than 75 years (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.3-2.4), females (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.5), @entity1 who were alert at onset (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.7-3.4), with partial anterior circulation syndrome (PACS) (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.4-2.8) or @entity8987 ( @entity8987 ) (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1-5.0) and without @entity955 (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.3-2.4). Polish @entity1 were less likely to have been on @entity117 before their @entity64 than other countries (7.6% vs. 20.8%). CONCLUSION: The 14-day case @entity3329 was significantly higher in Poland than in other countries in IST. Part of the increase was due to greater @entity64 severity in the Polish @entity1 . However, differences persisted even after adjustment for baseline @entity64 severity. Several factors may have contributed the excess: poor attention to treatment of @entity65 , less attention to treatment of secondary complications of @entity64 and some other--as yet unidentified--factor specific to Poland.

title: High early case XXXX after @entity64 in Poland: exploration of possible explanations in the International @entity64 Trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['ischaemic stroke', 'stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity955 :: ('MESH:D001281', 'Disease') :: ['atrial fibrillation', 'AF']

entities_list: @entity8987 :: ('MESH:D059409', 'Disease') :: ['lacunar syndrome', 'LACS']

entities_list: @entity204 :: ('MESH:D003643', 'Disease') :: ['death', 'deaths']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity3329 :: (MESH:D008206,Disease) :: ['fatality']


abstract: A study was performed on eight subjects with @entity252 to assess the relation between gonadal hormones and opioid inhibition of gonadotropin secretion through comparison of their gonadotropin response to @entity1510 ( @entity3696 ) (0.3 mg/kg; 1/3 bolus iv. at time 0 and 2/3 iv. for 120 min) before and after @entity3033 (TP) 100 mg/day im. for 5 days. Under basal conditions, NAL failed to induce a significant change in LH levels. After TP, however, despite unchanged basal LH levels (mean +/- S.E.M.: 27.0 +/- 3.4 vs 21.2 +/- 3.21 microU/ml), LH significantly increased in response to NAL. FSH did not respond to NAL either before or after TP administration, though FSH levels were significantly reduced by TP. These findings suggest that in @entity1 , as in animals, gonadal hormones regulate opioid inhibition of LH secretion. The negative feedback of @entity251 and its ability to activate opioid inhibiting tone may be dissociated, in keeping with the view that gonadal hormones control gonadotropin secretion through the activation of distinct, albeit concomitant, mechanisms.

title: Effect of XXXX on gonadotropin secretion before and after @entity251 in @entity252 .

entities_list: @entity3033 :: ('MESH:D043343', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone propionate']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity252 :: ('MESH:D007713', 'Disease') :: ["Klinefelter's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1510 :: ('MESH:D009270', 'Chemical') :: ['naloxone']

answer: @entity1510 :: (MESH:D009270,Chemical) :: ['naloxone']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesangial deposition of IgA ( @entity2500 ) is a very rare finding in @entity1987 and has previously been considered a pure coincidence. In the U.S. and Europe only anecdotal case reports exist. To date, there has been no consensus on nomenclature and categorization of this entity. We describe 2 cases of @entity2500 with analogue histological findings but relevant differences in clinical presentation, and we discuss the clinical implications of mesangial IgA deposition in minimal @entity1985 . @entity1 : A 47-year-old female was admitted to hospital with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , arterial @entity101 and slight @entity8 3 weeks after an unspecific @entity281 . A 42-year-old male presented with @entity1985 , microscopic @entity811 , normotension and normal renal function. Both of the @entity1985 were steroid-responsive and @entity134 -dependent. FINDINGS: The clinical presentation of the male @entity1 was consistent with the features of @entity1987 , whereas the female @entity1 combined signs of @entity1987 and @entity8 . Light microscopy revealed mesangial IgA immune deposits and slight @entity7622 . Electron microscopic studies of @entity2500 @entity1 disclose diffuse effacement of glomerular foot processes. CONCLUSION: Our cases and a review of the literature indicate that the histological diagnosis of @entity2500 may comprise different pathogenetic entities. From the clinical point of view, @entity2500 has to be regarded as a minimal @entity1985 with symptomatic or asymptomatic mesangial IgA deposition. IgA deposition constitutes a risk factor for @entity8 and indicates a frequently relapsing course.

title: Mesangial IgA deposition in minimal XXXX : coincidence of different entities or variant of @entity1987 ?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of renal function', 'IgA nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1987 :: ('MESH:D009402', 'Disease') :: ['minimal change disease', 'minimal change glomerulopathy']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['upper airway infection']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['change nephrotic syndrome', 'nephrotic syndromes', 'nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity811 :: ('MESH:D006417', 'Disease') :: ['hematuria']

entities_list: @entity7622 :: ('MESH:C537346', 'Disease') :: ['mesangial hypercellularity']

answer: @entity1985 :: (MESH:D009404,Disease) :: ['change nephrotic syndrome']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity205 ( @entity9472 ) has been shown to increase transepithelial resistance in Madin-Darby @entity235 kidney (MDCK) cells, and the mechanism may involve altered phosphorylation of junctional proteins. In this study, we examine the effect of the @entity23417 and @entity37492 (MAPK) pathways on the basal transepithelial resistance (TER) and on the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER across MDCK monolayers. Here we present evidence that @entity9472 may be mediating some of its effects through activation of the @entity23417 MAPK pathway. METHODS: MDCK cells were treated with @entity9472 (4.2 micromol/L) and paracellular permeability was assessed by measuring TER. The role of the @entity23417 and the p38 MAPK pathways in modulating TER was investigated using the inhibitors @entity4286 and @entity5732 for @entity23417 and @entity1441 for p38. @entity23417 and p38 phosphorylation/activation was also examined by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: @entity9472 (4.2 micromol/L) increased the TER of MDCK monolayers. The @entity23417 inhibitor @entity4286 decreased basal TER and also ameliorated the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER. Similar results were found with the U0126 inhibitor of @entity23417 . The p38 inhibitor @entity1441 had no effect on the basal TER of the monolayers, however, @entity1441 significantly augmented the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER. @entity9472 was shown to significantly activate @entity23417 and this activation by @entity9472 was prevented by @entity4286 . Inhibition of the p38 pathway by @entity1441 also resulted in activation of @entity23417 and this activation of @entity23417 was further enhanced by @entity9472 . No effect of @entity9472 or the inhibitors @entity4286 or @entity1441 on p38 phosphorylation was detected. CONCLUSION: The results presented here suggest that activation of the @entity23417 MAPK cascade is important in the regulation of the paracellular permeability in MDCK cells. Activation of this pathway appears to be pivotal to the @entity9472 -induced increase in TER.

title: Modulation of renal epithelial barrier function by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): mechanism of XXXX -induced increase in transepithelial resistance.

entities_list: @entity23417 :: ('477575(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2', 'ERK 1/2']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity37492 :: ('403856(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase']

answer: @entity205 :: (MESH:D016572,Chemical) :: ['cyclosporine A']


abstract: A current southeastern cancer study group protocol for the treatment of multiple @entity1582 involves induction with @entity3600 , @entity786 , and @entity229 (BCP) and maintenance with either melphalan and @entity229 (MP), @entity229 , @entity632 , @entity500 , and @entity1891 (PAIV), or delayed treatment of relapsed cases following induction. These combinations of drugs are used as induction regimens to establish their chemotherapeutic effects and hematological @entity137 in the @entity19 MOPC 104E @entity6872 model. The three combinations of drugs produce rapid, reliable, and reproducible @entity5 regressions. However, MP is the only combination which consistently gives long-term disease-free survivors. This particular regimen has least @entity137 and is considered to be most effective. BCP produces complete remission with no relapses; however, long-term survivors are not observed with this combination due to early deaths because of @entity137 . Most of the @entity19 on the PAIV regimen die due to @entity137 . This combination is considered least effective. With the different drug regimens, toxic events and regressions are noted to occur at different time periods, indicating that perhaps @entity5 cells in different stages are being destroyed. Toxic events as measured by hematocrit and body weight changes always precede regression by several days. This disparity between rapid drug effects on the host and a delayed effect on the @entity5 remains unexplained but may possibly be used to advantage in designing future trials.

title: Assessment of @entity1582 maintenance regimen of @entity229 . @entity632 , XXXX , and @entity1891 in a @entity19 @entity6872 model.

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['Adriamycin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'drug toxicity']

entities_list: @entity6872 :: ('MESH:D010954', 'Disease') :: ['plasmacytoma']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity1891 :: ('MESH:D014750', 'Chemical') :: ['vincristine']

answer: @entity500 :: (MESH:D001379,Chemical) :: ['imuran']


abstract: AIM: Surgery remains the main treatment of @entity189 . Poor long-term survival mandates the study of other techniques. An original treatment scheme with preoperative radiotherapy and @entity868 as a radiosensitizer is reported here. METHODS: Between 1982 and 1988, MRRC RAMS carried out a prospective clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy/5 days) in combination with @entity868 (given orally, 3 times, 5 gms per metre(2)). Of 91 @entity1 who received preoperative radiotherapy, 67 @entity1 were operated on with curative intent and were eligible for further analysis. RESULTS: Acute gastro-intestinal @entity137 was significant but manageable without surgery delay in most cases. There were 4 postoperative deaths. Overall 5-year, 10-year survival and median survival were 46%, 36% and 46 months. Serosal and nodal involvement were the most significant adverse prognostic factors. Tumours confined to the gastric wall, node negative cases, middle and distal location, differentiated @entity5 , female sex and age more than 50 years were associated with relatively good long-term results: overall 5-year survival was 50% or better, overall 10-year survival was 40% or better. CONCLUSION: The combined treatment showed significant but manageable acute @entity137 . The long-term results seem encouraging and support further investigations in multimodal treatment of @entity356 .

title: Preoperative radiotherapy in combination with XXXX for resectable @entity356 : long-term results of a phase 2 study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumours']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['stomach carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity356 :: ('MESH:D013274', 'Disease') :: ['gastric cancer']

answer: @entity868 :: (MESH:D008795,Chemical) :: ['metronidazole']


abstract: Intraventricular injections of 192 IgG saporin in 7-day-old @entity35 severely reduced @entity131 as reflected by both decreased acetylcholinesterase staining and immunoreactivity for the p75 neurotrophin receptor. It was determined if this altered the effects of environmental enrichment on spatial learning, hippocampal @entity1249 cell cytoarchitecture as reflected by the Golgi stain, and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus as indicated by doublecortin immunoreactivity. At weaning, lesioned and control @entity35 were either group housed in large, environmentally enriched cages or housed two per standard cage for 42 days. When subsequently assessed with a working-memory spatial navigation task, both lesioned and control @entity35 showed enhanced learning as a result of enrichment. Quantitative analysis of Golgi stained sections indicated that enrichment did not affect @entity1249 @entity2343 or dendritic spine density. However, the lesion reduced the number of apical branches, spine density on intermediate to distal apical dendrites, and the length of basal branches. It also reduced the number of doublecortin immunoreactive neurons in the dentate gyrus and appeared to prevent their increase due to environmental enrichment. It is concluded that developmental cholinergic lesioning does not attenuate neurobehavioral plasticity, at least as reflected by the behavioral consequences of enrichment. It does, however, attenuate neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, like adult-inflicted cholinergic lesions. As previously found for cortical neurons, it also reduces @entity1249 pyramidal cell dendritic complexity and spine density in adulthood. The results have implications for the loss of synapses that occurs in both developmental and aging-related @entity75 involving @entity409 .

title: Developmental forebrain cholinergic lesion and environmental enrichment: behaviour, XXXX cytoarchitecture and neurogenesis.

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['hippocampal cholinergic innervation']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['brain disorders']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['cholinergic dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity2343 :: ('MESH:D007635', 'Disease') :: ['dendritic branching, total dendritic length']

answer: @entity1249 :: (310218(Tax:10116),Gene) :: ['CA1']


abstract: An experimental @entity625 induced by injection of @entity4563 and carrageenan into the knee joint resulted in a temporal relationship between @entity2227 dorsal horn content and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) which was positively correlated. Limping, guarding, increased response to heat stimuli ( @entity1931 ) and altered staining patterns for @entity2227 ( @entity367 ), substance @entity10133 ), and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4655 ) were monitored in the awake behaving arthritic @entity35 over a 1 week time course. A decrease in PWL occurred on the side ipsilateral to the inflamed knee as early as 4 h after the induction of @entity625 indicating the animals are @entity1931 . The PWL remained decreased through the first 24 h. Computer-assisted quantification of the density of immunohistochemical staining indicated the content of @entity367 , SP and @entity4655 was altered differentially throughout the time course of the @entity625 . The changes observed for all three substances occurred across the entire superficial dorsal horn. There was an initial depletion of SP followed by an increase in both SP and @entity4655 content which was maintained through 1 week. The @entity367 content was increased during the @entity1931 period. The @entity367 changes followed the same time course and were positively correlated with the changes in PWL. In a small group of animals injected with @entity4563 and carrageenan, @entity1931 did not develop. In this group of animals, no change in dorsal horn @entity367 or SP content occurred. Rather, there was an increase in @entity4655 content in the middle portion of the superficial dorsal horn which is the termination site of knee joint afferents. These data indicate that the development of @entity1931 is dependent on @entity367 and possibly SP. Since @entity32 of the knee joint does not involve the foot pad, the @entity1931 observed during the first 24 h following induction of @entity625 represents a central neuronal sensitization.

title: Behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in an experimental @entity625 model in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2227 :: ('CHEBI:29987', 'Chemical') :: ['glutamate']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesia', 'heat hyperalgesia', 'hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rats']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 38 I. 38 II. 39 III. 39 IV. 41 V. 41 VI. 41 VII. 42 42 References 42 SUMMARY: @entity2271 ( @entity2272 ) is a key phytohormone promoting abiotic stress tolerance as well as developmental processes such as seed dormancy. A spatiotemporal map of @entity2272 concentrations would greatly advance our understanding of the cell type and timing of @entity2272 action. Organ and tissue-level @entity2272 measurements, as well as indirect in  vivo measurements such as cell-specific transcriptional analysis of @entity2272 metabolic enzymes and @entity2272 -responsive promoters, have all contributed to current views of the localization and timing of @entity2272 accumulations. Recently developed F  rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensors for @entity2272 that sense @entity2272 levels directly promise to add unprecedented resolution to in  vivo @entity2272 spatiotemporal mapping and expand our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling @entity2272 levels in space and time.

title: A new look at stress: XXXX patterns and  dynamics at high-resolution.

entities_list: @entity2271 :: ('MESH:D000040', 'Chemical') :: ['Abscisic acid']

answer: @entity2271 :: (MESH:D000040,Chemical) :: ['abscisic acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The factors associated with outcome of @entity1 with nonocclusive @entity5327 are poorly defined. METHODS: Over a 7-year period, 34 consecutive @entity1 with nonocclusive @entity5327 were identified. RESULTS: The mean age of the study @entity1 was 63 years (range 31 to 94); 21 of 34 (62%) were @entity1 . The mean delay in diagnosis was 31 hours (range 7 hours to 6 days). Seven of 34 (21%) underwent preoperative visceral arteriography. Two of these 7 required surgery, and both died as a result of @entity1188 . The remaining 27 had the diagnosis made at celiotomy. Among the 29 who were explored, 16 of 29 (55%) had @entity1188 . Twenty-one of 29 (72%) had @entity130 whereas 8 of 29 (28%) had @entity130 . Among those with segmental @entity1188 , primary @entity254 was performed in 12 of 21 @entity1 (57%); 5 of the 12 (42%) died. Nine of 21 @entity1 (43%) underwent delayed @entity254 ; 2 of the 9 (22%) died. No @entity1 with @entity130 underwent primary @entity254 . Second-look laparotomy was performed on 22 of 29 (76%). Eleven of those 22 (50%) had a further bowel resection. Overall, 16 of 29 (55%) who underwent surgery for nonocclusive @entity5327 are alive. CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival from nonocclusive @entity5327 is dependent upon the identification of high-risk groups, aggressive reexploration, and delayed intestinal @entity254 .

title: Improved outcome by identification of high-risk nonocclusive @entity5327 , aggressive reexploration, and delayed XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity254 :: ('MESH:C563598', 'Disease') :: ['anastomosis']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction', 'intestinal infarction']

entities_list: @entity5327 :: ('MESH:D065666', 'Disease') :: ['mesenteric ischemia']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['segmental bowel injury', 'massive injury']

answer: @entity254 :: (MESH:C563598,Disease) :: ['anastomosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of primary @entity1 b-cells for studying @entity9495 signaling is limited by the scarcity of @entity1 pancreatic islets. @entity9608 cell lines are widely used, but it is difficult to extrapolate results obtained from rodent cells to @entity1 . Recently, a genetically engineered @entity1 b-cell line EndoC-BH1 has been developed. We have examined whether the EndoC-BH1 cells could be used as a model for studying @entity9495 signaling in the b-cells. METHODS: We used microscope-based fluorometry to measure cytoplasmic-free @entity9495 concentration from @entity593 -loaded single EndoC-BH1 cells cultured on glass cover slips. @entity9495 responses to different agonists of @entity2690 secretion were studied. @entity2690 secretion was measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: EndoC-BH1 cells secreted @entity2690 in response to @entity413 in a dose-dependent manner, and the secretion was enhanced by @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ). @entity413 , @entity4337 , @entity5402 , @entity8561 , and @entity11243 increased cytoplasmic-free @entity9495 concentration in the EndoC-BH1 cells. We found that @entity5445 was essential for @entity9495 response to @entity413 and @entity11243 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the EndoC-BH1 cells can be used as model cells to study @entity9495 signaling and stimulus-secretion coupling in the @entity1 b-cells.

title: Calcium Signaling in a Genetically Engineered XXXX Pancreatic b-Cell Line.

entities_list: @entity9608 :: ('MESH:D007340', 'Disease') :: ['Rodent insulinoma']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

entities_list: @entity11243 :: ('MESH:D014044', 'Chemical') :: ['tolbutamide']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose', 'Glucose']

entities_list: @entity5402 :: ('MESH:D002217', 'Chemical') :: ['carbachol']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide 1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity1 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity1149 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity1 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity5 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity1311 and @entity3003 in 39 @entity1 . The trial required a dedicated @entity5 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity5 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity1 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity1 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity1 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity1 had all three serial @entity5 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity136 / @entity3003 followed by concurrent @entity1311 / @entity3003 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity5 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity1 with @entity1149 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity136 and @entity3003 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly XXXX and @entity3003 in unresectable @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity1311 :: ('MESH:D017239', 'Chemical') :: ['paclitaxel']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['gemcitabine']

answer: @entity1311 :: (MESH:D017239,Chemical) :: ['paclitaxel']


abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate 2 prophylactic @entity114 regimens in 18 @entity1 undergoing orthognathic surgery. The effects on the oral microflora were also studied. All @entity1 received 3 g @entity37933 - @entity114 as infusion from the beginning of operation and then 3 g every 6th hour during 24 h. One group of 9 @entity1 then received 1 g @entity11121 as oral suspension twice daily for 6 days postoperatively. The second group of 9 @entity1 received no further @entity114 . One @entity281 occurred in this second group, but the @entity1 was cured with @entity868 . 7 of the 9 @entity1 who received @entity114 for 1 week, showed pronounced decreases in the number of streptococci and micrococci. In the 9 other @entity1 who received only @entity3397 for one day, much smaller changes in the aerobic microflora were observed. Colonization with different enterococci, enterobacteria or @entity375 was greater in the group receiving 1-week treatment. No major differences between the 2 groups of @entity1 , concerning the impact on the anaerobic microflora were observed. The results indicate that @entity3397 is still a suitable prophylactic antibiotic in maxillofacial surgery. Extension of the antibiotic coverage to 1 week is doubtful because of the increased ecological risks. The clinical significance of anaerobes was obvious, as one @entity86 occurred caused by an anaerobic micro-organism.

title: Ecological effects of XXXX prophylaxis in orthognatic surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity868 :: ('MESH:D008795', 'Chemical') :: ['metronidazole']

entities_list: @entity114 :: ('MESH:D010406', 'Chemical') :: ['penicillin']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity3397 :: ('MESH:D010400', 'Chemical') :: ['benzylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity11121 :: ('MESH:D010404', 'Chemical') :: ['phenoxymethylpenicillin']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative infection']

answer: @entity114 :: (MESH:D010406,Chemical) :: ['penicillin']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skeletal @entity121 typically result from traumatic incidents such as @entity130 where soft-tissue extremity @entity130 are present in one of four cases. Further, about 4.5 million reconstructive surgical procedures are performed annually as a result of car accidents, @entity5 ablation, or cosmetic procedures. These combat- and @entity130 -induced skeletal @entity121 are characterized by volumetric muscle loss (VML), which significantly reduces the functionality of the injured muscle. While skeletal muscle has an innate repair mechanism, it is unable to compensate for VML @entity130 because large amounts of tissue including connective tissue and basement membrane are removed or destroyed. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, the structure and organization of native skeletal muscle tissue is described in order to reveal clear design parameters that are necessary for scaffolds to mimic in order to successfully regenerate muscular tissue. We review the literature with respect to the materials and methodologies used to develop scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration as well as the limitations of these materials. We further discuss the variety of cell sources and @entity130 models to provide some context for the multiple approaches used to evaluate these scaffold materials. Recent findings are highlighted to address the state of the field and directions are outlined for future strategies, both in scaffold design and in the use of @entity130 models to evaluate these materials, for regenerating functional skeletal muscle. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) @entity130 result from traumatic incidents such as those presented from combat missions, where soft-tissue extremity @entity130 are represented in one of four cases. These @entity130 remove or destroy large amounts of skeletal muscle including the basement membrane and connective tissue, removing the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues that usually direct its repair. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we examine current strategies for the development of scaffold materials designed for skeletal muscle regeneration, highlighting advances and limitations associated with these methodologies. Finally, we identify future approaches to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.

title: Biomimetic scaffolds for regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in skeletal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle injuries']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['different injury', 'injuries', 'combat injuries', 'trauma']

answer: @entity121 :: (MESH:D009135,Disease) :: ['muscle injuries']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey of 806 pupils in Odense, Denmark was performed. This survey included @entity1 and adolescents ages 8 to 10 and 14 to 16 years obtained through two-stage cluster sampling from schools stratified according to school type, location, and socioeconomic character of the uptake area. OBJECTIVES: To establish the 1-month prevalence of neck, middle back, and @entity1643 and the consequences this disorder may have in relation to age and gender. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The @entity615 and the variety of age groups included in previous studies make it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the onset of @entity158 for various spinal regions in the young. METHODS: Information on back @entity158 within the preceding month, obtained through a standardized interview of 481 @entity1 and 325 adolescents, was categorized according to area of @entity158 , age, and gender. The consequences of back @entity158 also were studied. RESULTS: The 1-month prevalence of back @entity158 was 39%. @entity158 is most common in childhood, whereas @entity158 and @entity158 are equally common in adolescence. Neck @entity158 and @entity158 in more than one area of the spine are rare in both age groups. No gender differences were found. Of those who had back @entity158 , 38% also reported some type of consequence, usually either visits to a medical physician or diminished physical activities. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical and research purposes, @entity4048 , @entity615 , and @entity1643 in childhood should be regarded as three specific entities. In future research the data for different age groups should be reported separately.

title: XXXX reporting pattern in a Danish population-based sample of @entity1 and adolescents.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity1643 :: ('MESH:D017116', 'Disease') :: ['low back pain']

entities_list: @entity615 :: ('MESH:D001416', 'Disease') :: ['differences in definitions of back pain', 'middle back pain']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['lumbar pain', 'Thoracic pain', 'pain', 'thoracic pain']

answer: @entity615 :: (MESH:D001416,Disease) :: ['Back pain']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity320 cell @entity3 is the primary cause of @entity1 @entity204 . Thus, various treatment strategies have been developed to prevent @entity3 . @entity15174 (AA) is an organic compound commonly found in trees. This study is aimed to investigate the antimetastatic activity of AA in B16F10-xenografted C57BL/6 @entity19 and assess the anticancer activity of AA in combination with @entity1311 in @entity320 cells. AA effectively reduced the formation of lung metastases by approximately 92.8%. AA treatment inhibited migratory potential ([Formula: see text]), invasion ([Formula: see text]), and motility ([Formula: see text]) of highly metastatic @entity19 @entity320 cells in vitro. Zymography revealed that AA reduced the proteinase activities of @entity5780 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Molecular analyses showed that AA reduced Akt phosphorylation and activating protein-1 DNA-binding activity by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. In summary, AA effectively inhibited B16F10 lung @entity3 , and 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M AA did not affect the viability of @entity19 cells. AA improved the efficacy of @entity1311 and demonstrated strong anticancer activity on @entity320 cells. These results suggested that AA could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy.

title: The Inhibitory Effect of XXXX on Melanoma Cancer @entity3 and Invasiveness In vitro and In vivo.

entities_list: @entity5780 :: ('17390(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['matrix metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity15174 :: ('MESH:C023710', 'Chemical') :: ['Abietic acid']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'Melanoma']

answer: @entity15174 :: (MESH:C023710,Chemical) :: ['Abietic Acid']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity177 have a high risk for progression to @entity454 ( @entity454 ). In the short term, treatment with oral @entity786 and @entity230 attenuates the deterioration of renal function in these @entity1 ; however, the long-term efficacy is unknown. METHODS: We have studied prospectively 65 @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity177 (serum @entity1011 >135 micromol/l) who were treated with oral @entity786 (1.5-2.0 mg/kg/day for 12 months) and @entity230 ( @entity1667 pulses 3 x 1 g, i.v. at months 1, 3 and 5, and oral @entity229 0.5 mg/kg/48 h for 6 months). RESULTS: Follow-up was 51 (5-132) months. Renal function temporarily improved or stabilized in all @entity1 . A partial remission (PR) occurred in 56 @entity1 followed by a complete remission (CR) in 17. During follow-up, 11 @entity1 had relapsed (28% relapse rate after 5 years), of whom nine were re-treated because of renal function deterioration. At the end of follow-up, 16 @entity1 were in CR, 31 in PR, eight had a persistent @entity1985 , one had mild @entity644 , four had progressed to @entity454 and five had died. Overall renal survival was 86% after 5 years and 74% after 7 years, compared with 32% after 5 and 7 years in a historical control group. Treatment-related complications occurred in two-thirds of @entity1 , mainly consisting of @entity236 and @entity281 . One @entity1 has developed @entity150 , another @entity1 @entity263 . CONCLUSIONS: Renal survival is good if @entity1 with @entity8 and @entity177 are treated with oral @entity786 . However, side effects occur frequently and relapse rate is high during longer follow-up.

title: Cytotoxic therapy for @entity8 and XXXX : improved renal survival but high relapse rate.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1667 :: ('MESH:D008775', 'Chemical') :: ['methylprednisolone']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['iMN', 'idiopathic membranous nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1985 :: ('MESH:D009404', 'Disease') :: ['nephrotic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity229 :: ('MESH:D011241', 'Chemical') :: ['prednisone']

entities_list: @entity786 :: ('MESH:D003520', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclophosphamide']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow depression']

entities_list: @entity454 :: ('MESH:D007676', 'Disease') :: ['end-stage renal disease', 'ESRD']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['renal insufficiency']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-term follow-up of @entity1 who underwent @entity3886 with @entity3585 ( @entity3585 ) has rarely been brought into the focus. METHODS: Of 299 @entity1 who underwent an arterial switch operation between January 1991 and January 2001, 23 @entity1 had anatomic @entity3585 . Age ranged from 4 days to 18 years (median 90 days) and weight ranged from 2.6 to 35 kg (median 4.3 kg). Surgical management included arterial switch operation, closure of @entity1757 wherever indicated, and excision of @entity3585 . RESULTS: Among @entity1 with preoperative @entity3585 there were 2 early deaths and 8 @entity1 had mild @entity338 at the time of discharge. Follow-up ranged from 8 months to 9 years (mean 60 +/- 12 months). In 4 @entity1 who had mild @entity338 at discharge, the regurgitation progressed to moderate or severe degree after a follow-up of 22 to 72 months. In 1 @entity1 mild @entity339 present at the time of discharge progressed to severe @entity339 . This @entity1 subsequently underwent double valve replacement. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of preoperative anatomical @entity3585 in @entity1 undergoing arterial switch operation predicts high incidence of @entity86 .

title: Late outcome after @entity3886 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity339 :: ('MESH:D008944', 'Disease') :: ['mitral regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity3585 :: ('MESH:D014694', 'Disease') :: ['anatomic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction', 'LVOTO']

entities_list: @entity3886 :: ('MESH:D014188', 'Disease') :: ['arterial switch operation for complete transposition of great arteries']

entities_list: @entity1757 :: ('MESH:D006345', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular septal defect']

entities_list: @entity338 :: ('MESH:D011665', 'Disease') :: ['neoaortic regurgitation']

entities_list: @entity86 :: ('MESH:D019106', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative neoaortic regurgitation']

answer: @entity3585 :: (MESH:D014694,Disease) :: ['left ventricular outflow tract obstruction']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the @entity10410 , malocclusions, @entity409 and salivary levels of @entity701 and alpha-amylase in @entity748 @entity1 . DESIGN: 108 7-9-yr-old @entity1 were selected from Policlinic Santa Teresinha Doutor Antonio Haddad Dib (asthmatics, n=53) and from public schools (controls, n=55), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. Sleep @entity8599 diagnosis was confirmed by parental report of grinding sounds and the presence of shiny and polish facets on incisors and/or first permanent molars. The index of orthodontic treatment need was used for occlusion evaluation. @entity409 were evaluated using the nordic orofacial test-screening (NOT-S). Salivary @entity701 and alpha-amylase were expressed as "awakening response" (AR), calculated as the difference between levels immediately after awakening and 30min after waking, and "diurnal decline" ( @entity3519 ), calculated as the difference between levels at 30min after waking and at bedtime. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk/Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Chi-square, unpaired t test/Mann-Whitney and paired t/Wilcoxon tests. RESULTS: Sleep @entity8599 was more prevalent in @entity1 with @entity565 than controls (47.2% vs. 27.3%, p<0.05). Asthmatics had higher scores of NOT-S total and interview (p<0.05). Dysfunctions on sensory function and chewing and swallowing were more frequent in asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary @entity701 AR on weekend was significantly higher for asthmatics (p<0.05). Salivary @entity701 @entity3519 was significantly higher on weekday than weekend for controls (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in alpha-amylase values in and between groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity565 in @entity1 was associated with @entity10410 , negative perception of sensory, chewing and swallowing functions, and higher concentrations of salivary @entity701 on weekend.

title: Assessment of @entity10410 , orthodontic treatment need, @entity409 and salivary biomarkers in @entity748 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Orofacial dysfunctions', 'orofacial dysfunctions']

entities_list: @entity10410 :: ('MESH:D020186', 'Disease') :: ['sleep bruxism']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: @entity3118 (Fludara) is a new @entity10043 analogue that was first entered into clinical trials in 1982. Results of initial studies with high dosages (> 96 mg/m2/day for 5 to 7 days) of @entity3118 in acute @entity1778 showed significant cytoreductive activity but a high incidence of severe irreversible @entity2359 . The results of subsequent studies with lower dosages of 25 to 30 mg/m2/day for 5 days in @entity6444 ( @entity6444 ) and low grade @entity706 have shown this regimen to be effective and safe, with almost no significant @entity2359 . At present, the major role of @entity3118 in @entity1778 is in the management of @entity6444 . In previously treated @entity1 with @entity6444 , responses are obtained in more than 50% of @entity1 , with two-thirds of those responses being complete remissions according to the National @entity5 Institute Working Group (NCIWG) criteria for complete response and partial response. The major causes of morbidity associated with @entity3118 in @entity6444 are infections and febrile episodes. These occur more frequently in previously treated @entity1 and those with advanced stage of disease. Myelosuppression is dose limiting and a small proportion of @entity1 with @entity6444 develop moderate to severe and sometimes protracted myelosuppression. Administration of combined @entity3118 and @entity2592 ( @entity2592 ; @entity2592 ) alone (FA regimen) or together with @entity1261 (FLAG regimen) produced high response rates in previously treated refractory @entity1 with acute @entity1778 and previously untreated @entity1 with @entity3052 or @entity2590 . The wide range of biochemical and biological activities of @entity3118 suggests that it will have an expanding role in future combinations in the treatment of both @entity1778 .

title: Clinical experience with XXXX in @entity1778 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1261 :: ('1440', 'Gene') :: ['granulocyte colony-stimulating factor']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['lymphomas']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['Cancer']

entities_list: @entity2590 :: ('MESH:D009190', 'Disease') :: ['myelodysplastic syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2592 :: ('MESH:D003561', 'Chemical') :: ['cytosine arabinoside', 'ara-C', 'cytarabine']

entities_list: @entity3052 :: ('MESH:D015470', 'Disease') :: ['acute myelogenous leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity3118 :: ('MESH:C024352', 'Chemical') :: ['Fludarabine', 'fludarabine']

entities_list: @entity1778 :: ('MESH:D007938', 'Disease') :: ['leukaemia', 'acute and chronic leukaemias']

entities_list: @entity6444 :: ('MESH:D015461', 'Disease') :: ['CLL', 'chronic lymphocytic leukaemia']

entities_list: @entity2359 :: ('MESH:D020258', 'Disease') :: ['neurotoxicity']

answer: @entity3118 :: (MESH:C024352,Chemical) :: ['fludarabine']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This report describes a case of a 72-year-old Caucasian @entity1 presenting with a large @entity1036 with a large persistent epithelial defect, with a longest linear diameter of 7 mm and greatest perpendicular width of 5 mm, affecting epithelium, Bowman membrane, and anterior stroma. @entity2687 was resistant to conventional treatment and classified as stage 2 according to Mackie classification. @entity1 was instructed to instill regenerating agent (RGTA) eye drops in the morning, as the first eye drop, once every 5 days in combination with daily cord blood serum (CBS) eye drops 6 times/day. The @entity1 was asked to visit after 1 week (V1), 2 weeks (V2), 3 weeks (V3), and 4 weeks (V4) of study treatment. In V4 treatment, corneal sensitivity improved, and @entity1036 healed with resolution of stromal @entity32 . Global treatment tolerance was very satisfactory. @entity1 continued the therapy for a further month after complete healing. Currently, the @entity1 has been followed up for 3 months without any sign of @entity1036 recurrence. To the best of our knowledge, this case report describes for the first time the successful combined use of RGTA and CBS eye drops for the treatment of @entity1036 resistant to conventional treatment. We hypothesize that RGTA eye drops could provide an optimal migration substrate and that growth factors supplied by CBS eye drops could strengthen the repair process by promoting cell growth over the matrix. Combined RGTA and CBS eye drop therapy could be a new potential option for the successful treatment of resistant @entity1036 , particularly when each drug alone is not effective.

title: Synergistic effect of regenerating agent plus cord blood serum eye drops for the treatment of resistant XXXX : a case report and a hypothesis for pathophysiologic mechanism.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['woman', 'patient', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity2687 :: ('MESH:D003316', 'Disease') :: ['Corneal disease']

entities_list: @entity1036 :: ('MESH:D007634', 'Disease') :: ['neurotrophic keratitis', 'keratitis']

answer: @entity1036 :: (MESH:D007634,Disease) :: ['neurotrophic keratitis']


abstract: Fundamental and clinical studies have been performed on the @entity10188 granules (combination of @entity115 ( @entity21830 ) and @entity798 ( @entity9103 ) in 2: 1 ratio) in the pediatric field. In bacteriological studies a potentiated antibacterial activity of @entity10188 was recognized against @entity21830 -resistant and beta-lactamase producing clinical isolates. The pharmacokinetics of the @entity10188 granules were studied at dose levels from 10 to 20 mg/kg. The peak serum concentrations of @entity21830 and CVA achieved approximately 1 hour after dosing were 4.29-9.55 micrograms/ml and 3.87-4.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The serum half-life was found to be 0.90-1.31 hours for @entity21830 and 1.01-1.22 hours for CVA. Six-hour urinary excretion rates were 29.5-62.6% for @entity21830 and 12.6-37.9% for CVA. In the clinical studies, the @entity10188 granules were administered to 36 pediatric @entity1 (15 with @entity1729 , 10 with @entity293 and 11 with skin or soft tissue @entity281 , etc.) at dose levels of 30-50 mg/kg/day. Clinical results in all cases were excellent or good. In particular, good bacterial and clinical effects were obtained against @entity281 caused by beta-lactamase producing @entity21830 -resistant strains except @entity7100 1 strain. No adverse reactions or abnormal laboratory findings were recognized in any @entity1 .

title: [Experimental and clinical studies on XXXX ( @entity798 - @entity115 ) granules in the pediatric field].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity115 :: ('MESH:D000658', 'Chemical') :: ['amoxicillin']

entities_list: @entity798 :: ('MESH:D019818', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium clavulanate']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infections']

entities_list: @entity1729 :: ('MESH:D012141', 'Disease') :: ['upper and lower respiratory tract infections']

entities_list: @entity293 :: ('MESH:D014552', 'Disease') :: ['urinary tract infections']

answer: @entity10188 :: (MESH:D019980,Chemical) :: ['BRL 25000']


abstract: Individual-based models provide powerful tools to model complex interactions characterized by individual variability. This paper presents an object-oriented design for individual-based modelling of @entity3964 @entity311 transmission. Two kinds of objects, @entity1 and mosquito, that exhibit variability among individuals for parameters such as recovery and survival rates are defined. The model tracks the dynamics of @entity1 hosts and adult female mosquitoes individually. Immunity, modelled as a function of exposure history, is represented by reduced susceptibility and increased recovery rate. The model was calibrated using epidemiological data collected at 30 sites along the coast of Kenya. The sites were grouped into low, intermediate and high transmission based on mean daily @entity1 -biting rates. Simulation results show that @entity311 transmission was stable even in low transmission areas where the @entity1 -biting rate is approximately 0.5 bite per day. The model was used to examine the effect of infection control programmes that aim at interrupting transmission by reducing @entity1 -vector contact rates and implementing active case detection and drug treatment of @entity281 . With this intervention, local elimination of @entity311 is likely with a probability of extinction of approximately 0.8 in low transmission areas. However, a small amount of immigration (> 0.3%) by infected @entity1 into the community could prevent local extinction of the parasite. In intermediate and high transmission areas, reduction in prevalence is short-lived and the probability of local elimination is low, even at high coverage levels of the intervention.

title: An individual-based model of @entity3964 XXXX transmission on the coast of Kenya.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'people']

entities_list: @entity3964 :: ('5833', 'Species') :: ['Plasmodium falciparum']

answer: @entity311 :: (MESH:D008288,Disease) :: ['malaria']


abstract: The management of anal canal @entity189 has evolved over the last decade, with the combination of radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) offering a definitive alternative to surgery or RT alone. Twenty-two @entity1 with basaloid/cloacogenic/ @entity957 of the anal (13 with @entity75 ), were treated with @entity7158 (30.00 to 45.00 Gy in 3 1/2 to 5 weeks) and CT X 2 courses ( @entity1138 15 mg/m2 I.V. bolus + 96 hours 5FU infusion). This regimen differed from the conventional Nigro regimen in that higher doses of RT and 2 courses of @entity1138 were used and both CT courses were given synchronously with RT. Three @entity1 with @entity66 were salvaged with an additional course of CT and local RT, without surgery. Acute side effects including perineal @entity1909 , @entity294 , @entity1431 , and @entity882 were reversible or transient. Twenty @entity1 are alive and free of disease 17 to 62 months (median 45 months) following initiation of treatment. Two @entity1 died at 7 months without evidence of disease at autopsy. These results compare favorably with other series employing RT alone, AP resection alone, and to those employing similar CT-RT regimens as well, in terms of disease-free survival rate (100%), complete response rate (19/22 or 86%), salvage rate without surgery (3/3), and acceptable morbidity. These results may be attributed to an optimal balance of RT and CT doses and refinements in RT technique which are detailed in our report.

title: Feasibility of non-surgical definitive management of anal canal XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7158 :: ('MESH:D009378', 'Disease') :: ['synchronous RT']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['residual disease']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['Mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity1909 :: ('MESH:D003872', 'Disease') :: ['dermatitis']

answer: @entity189 :: (MESH:D002277,Disease) :: ['carcinoma']


abstract: We report our early experience with mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) for clinically localized @entity263 . We have used virtually the same original technique described by Steiner and Marshall. A 5 cm lower midline abdominal incision provides excellent exposure, allowing complete PLND under direct visualization. If radical retropubic prostatectomy is indicated by the state of the pelvic lymph nodes, this can be performed only by extending the same incision. Nine @entity1 with histologically proven @entity263 underwent mini-laparotomy staging PLND. The average intraoperative time for mini-laparotomy PLND was 33 minutes (range, 25-50 minutes). The intraoperative @entity190 was 44 ml (range, 20-90 ml). The mean number of pelvic lymph nodes removed was 6.9 (range, 5-10 nodes) on the right and 10.8 (range, 8-21 nodes) on the left. Eight @entity1 underwent immediate radical retropubic prostatectomy and one had radiation therapy. There were no complications directly related to the mini-laparotomy staging PLND. Mini-laparotomy staging PLND is an attractive alternative to laparoscopic PLND, especially for @entity1 at low risk of lymph node @entity3 .

title: Mini-laparotomy staging pelvic lymph node dissection for localized XXXX .

entities_list: @entity263 :: ('MESH:D011471', 'Disease') :: ['prostate cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity263 :: (MESH:D011471,Disease) :: ['prostate cancer']


abstract: Mathematical models of the proximal tubule (PT), loop of Henle (LOH), and distal nephron have been combined to simulate transport by @entity35 renal tubules. The ensemble is composed of 24,000 superficial (SF) nephrons and 12,000 juxtamedullary (JM) nephrons in 5 classes (according to LOH length); all coalesce into 7,200 connecting tubules (CNT). Medullary interstitial solute concentrations are specified. The model equations require that each nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) satisfies a tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) relationship, and each initial hydrostatic pressure yields a common CNT pressure; that common CNT pressure is determined from an overall distal hydraulic resistance to flow. By virtue of the greater GFR for JM nephrons, fluid delivery to SF and JM tubules is comparable. Glucose reabsorption is restricted to the PT, cotransported with one Na in the convoluted tubule ( @entity71536 ), and two Na in the straight tubule ( @entity21145 ). Increasing ambient glucose from 5 to 10 mM increases proximal Na reabsorption and decreases distal delivery. This is mitigated by a TGF-mediated increase in GFR, and may thus be an etiology for TGF-mediated glomerular hyperfiltration. With @entity71536 inhibition by 95%, the model predicts that under normoglycemic conditions about 60% of filtered glucose will still be reabsorbed, so that profound @entity10200 is not to be expected. Compared with glucose-driven osmotic diuresis, @entity71536 inhibition provokes greater natriuresis. When @entity4854 is superimposed on @entity71536 inhibition, the model suggests that natriuresis may be severe, reflecting synergy of a proximal diuretic and osmotic diuresis. In sum, the model captures TGF-mediated diabetic hyperfiltration and predicts glomerular protection with @entity71536 inhibition.

title: A mathematical model of the XXXX nephron: glucose transport.

entities_list: @entity10200 :: ('MESH:D006029', 'Disease') :: ['glycosuria']

entities_list: @entity4854 :: ('MESH:D006943', 'Disease') :: ['hyperglycemia']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: To investigate the contribution of cytokines, proinflammatory @entity1505 and inhibitory @entity1810 , to @entity1566 ( @entity1566 ) in a @entity35 model, two studies were performed using adult @entity35 which were injured at T9/T10. In the first study, @entity35 were sacrificed at 1, 6, 24, 96 and 168 h after @entity1566 for immunocytochemistry of coronal sections for the presence of mononuclear phagocytes, astrocytes, @entity1505 and @entity1810 , among other markers. From intervening frozen sections, RNA was extracted for semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of @entity1505 and @entity1810 . In the second experiment, @entity35 were treated with intravenous @entity1810 30 min after injury and sacrificed at 6 and 48 h after injury. Spinal cord sections were immunocytochemically stained and RNA extracted for semiquantitative PCR as mentioned above, as well as quantitation of lesion volume. There were increases in mononuclear phagocytes and astrocytes, as early as 1 h after @entity1566 , with steady progression over 168 h after injury. @entity1505 and @entity1810 was produced locally by mononuclear phagocytes and astrocytes. There was an 18-h delay in peak mRNA production of @entity1810 compared to @entity1505 . The treatment of @entity1566 @entity35 with @entity1810 reduced lesion volume by 50% at 48 h and this was associated with decreased accumulation of mononuclear phagocytes in and around the injury site. This reduction of mononuclear phagocyte numbers around the site of @entity130 would reduce their contribution to secondary injury.

title: Treatment of spinal cord impact injury in the XXXX with transforming growth factor-beta.

entities_list: @entity35 :: ('10116', 'Species') :: ['rat', 'Sprague-Dawley rats', 'rats']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury', 'SCI']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity715 of the small intrahepatic veins has been suggested to trigger liver tissue remodelling. We evaluated the prevalence of multiple @entity715 risk factors and their association with the extent of @entity82 in @entity3619 . METHODS: Ninety consecutive @entity1 with chronic @entity1956 or C without @entity5 , a history of @entity49 , or antiviral/immunosuppressive therapy within the last six months were included. Thrombophilic and coagulation factors were evaluated on the liver biopsy day. RESULTS: One or more @entity715 risk factors were found in 68% and > or =2 factors in 37% of @entity1 . Higher necroinflammatory activity was independently associated with higher prothrombin time (p=0.003), @entity493 aminotransferase level (p=0.011), and histological staging (p=0.018). @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 compared with those with scores of 0-3 more frequently had @entity7131 (24% v 3%; p=0.007), antithrombin III (28% v 5%; p=0.005), and plasminogen (19% v 2%; p=0.03), and a trend for more frequent activated protein C resistance (8% v 0%; p=0.075). The presence of > or =1 significant @entity715 risk factor was observed in 11/25 (44%) @entity1 with staging scores of 4-6 and in 6/65 (9%) @entity1 with scores of 0-3 (p<0.001), being the only variable independently associated with advanced staging (odds ratio 2.4, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity715 risk factors are frequently detected in @entity1 with @entity3619 and the presence of > or =1 significant factor is associated with more advanced @entity82 . Whether the association of such thrombophilic conditions with advanced @entity82 is a primary or secondary phenomenon and whether their development in combination with local inflammation accelerate the progression of @entity1575 need further evaluation.

title: @entity715 risk factors and extent of XXXX in @entity3619 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1956 :: ('MESH:D006509', 'Disease') :: ['hepatitis B']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['malignancy']

entities_list: @entity49 :: ('MESH:D019851', 'Disease') :: ['venous thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity7131 :: ('MESH:D020151', 'Disease') :: ['deficiency of protein C']

entities_list: @entity3619 :: ('MESH:D006521', 'Disease') :: ['chronic viral hepatitis']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombotic', 'thrombotic', 'Thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity493 :: ('CHEBI:16449', 'Chemical') :: ['alanine']

answer: @entity1575 :: (MESH:D008103,Disease) :: ['liver fibrosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sonography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of intrahepatic primary @entity201 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2006 to March 2010, 15 @entity1 (11 @entity1 , 4 @entity1 ; mean age, 57.4 years) with 24 histologically proven intrahepatic primary @entity75 (mean @entity5 size, 3.2  1.9 cm; range, 1.3-9.9 cm) were treated with microwave ablation. RESULTS: Thirty-eight sessions were performed for 24 nodules in 15 @entity1 . The follow-up period was 4-31 months (mean, 12.8  8.0 months). The ablation success rate, the technique effectiveness rate, and the local @entity5 progression rate were 91.7% (22/24), 87.5% (21/24), and 25% (6/24) respectively according to the results of follow-up. The cumulative overall 6, 12, 24 month survival rates were 78.8%, 60.0%, and 60.0%, respectively. @entity532 occurred including @entity5572 in two @entity1 (13.3%) and needle seeding in one @entity1 (6.7%). Both complications were cured satisfied with antibiotic treatment combined to catheter drainage for abscess and resection for needle seeding. The minor complications and side effects were experienced by most @entity1 which subsided with supportive treatment. CONCLUSION: Microwave ablation can be used as a safe and effective technique to treat intrahepatic primary @entity201 .

title: Sonography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of intrahepatic primary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5572 :: ('MESH:D008100', 'Disease') :: ['liver abscess']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma lesions']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['Major complication']

entities_list: @entity201 :: ('MESH:D018281', 'Disease') :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']

answer: @entity201 :: (MESH:D018281,Disease) :: ['cholangiocarcinoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventricular remodeling after @entity583 involves changes in ventricular size, shape, structure, and matrix that impact on function. Prolonged @entity2814 inhibition after @entity1188 with @entity3371 reduces @entity67 and improves clinical outcome, but whether @entity4688 produces similar benefits is controversial. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect of @entity4688 during healing between 1 day and 6 weeks after @entity583 on in vivo changes in ventricular size, shape, mass, and function (asynergy, or akinesis and dyskinesis, and ejection fraction), as determined by serial two-dimensional echocardiography, hemodynamics, postmortem topography (planimetered short- and long-axis ventricular contours), and collagen content (determined by levels of @entity720 , a marker for collagen), was measured in 25 instrumented @entity235 . The @entity235 were randomized 1 day after left anterior descending coronary artery ligation to a control group (no treatment) and a group receiving oral @entity4688 (2.5 mg BID). Compared with no treatment, @entity4688 produced a sustained lowering of left atrial pressure but no difference in heart rate and mean blood pressure over the 6 weeks. Also compared with no treatment, @entity4688 modified in vivo remodeling parameters between 1 day and 6 weeks, with less elongation of the asynergy-containing segment, a lower expansion index (ratio of endocardial lengths of @entity1188 to non- @entity1188 -containing segments demarcated by @entity121 ), less scar wall thinning, a lower thinning ratio (ratio of average thickness of infarcted wall to average thickness of the normal wall), smaller ventricular volume, less regional bulging and @entity439 frequency, prevention of the increase in ventricular mass, less total extent of asynergy, and higher volume ejection fraction. At postmortem examination, scar mass was similar in the two groups, but topographic maps with @entity4688 revealed less @entity1188 , and less noninfarct wall thickness. In addition, postmortem collagen content was similar in noninfarct zones of the two groups but lower in @entity1188 zones of the @entity235 given @entity4688 . CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged @entity4688 therapy, in a dose that did not lower blood pressure, during healing after anterior @entity1188 produced prolonged reduction of left ventricular preload in @entity235 . This diastolic unloading was associated with limitation of remodeling parameters ( @entity1188 expansion and thinning, progressive @entity2554 and @entity1184 , and regional bulging), less total asynergy, and improved left ventricular ejection fraction. Although @entity2814 inhibition was associated with lower collagen content in the @entity1188 area and altered scar topography, these effects did not impact negatively on overall remodeling and function.

title: Effect of @entity4688 on ventricular remodeling and function during healing after @entity583 in the XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4688 :: ('MESH:D004656', 'Chemical') :: ['enalapril']

entities_list: @entity2814 :: ('610668(Tax:9615)', 'Gene') :: ['angiotensin-converting enzyme']

entities_list: @entity1184 :: ('MESH:D006984', 'Disease') :: ['hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity3371 :: ('CHEBI:3380', 'Chemical') :: ['captopril']

entities_list: @entity2554 :: ('MESH:C563906', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular dilation']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarct bulging, flatter infarct scars', 'infarct', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity720 :: ('CHEBI:18095', 'Chemical') :: ['hydroxyproline']

entities_list: @entity439 :: ('MESH:D000783', 'Disease') :: ['aneurysm']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular enlargement']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['papillary muscle landmarks']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['dog']


abstract: We investigated a T-cell activation deficiency in a 3-month-old @entity1 with @entity294 , serious @entity55 , and a family history (in a brother) of @entity2803 . In spite of detection of normal number of peripheral lymphocytes, T cells did not proliferate after activation by anti-CD3 and anti- @entity3138 antibodies, although proliferation induced by antigens was detectable. We sought to determine the origin of this defect as it potentially represented a valuable tool to analyze T-cell physiology. T-cell activation by anti-CD3 antibody or phytohemagglutinin (PHA) led to reduced @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ) production and abnormal nuclear factor-activated T cell (NF-AT; a complex regulating the @entity1199 gene transcription) binding activity to a specific oligonucleotide. T-cell proliferation was restored by @entity1199 . Early events of T-cell activation, such as anti-CD3 antibody-induced cellular protein @entity669 phosphorylation, @entity7984 and @entity2952 kinase activities, and phosphoinositide turnover, were found to be normal. In contrast, anti-CD3 antibody-induced @entity141 flux was grossly abnormal. Release from endoplasmic reticulum stores was detectable as tested in the presence of anti-CD3 antibody or @entity2426 after cell membrane depolarization in a K+ rich medium, whereas extracellular entry of @entity141 was defective. The latter abnormality was not secondary to defective K+ channel function, which was found to be normal. A similar defect was found in other hematopoietic cell lineages and in fibroblasts as evaluated by both cytometry and digital video imaging experiments at a single-cell level. This primary @entity14634 appears, thus, to be due to defective @entity141 entry through the plasma membrane. The same abnormality did not alter B-cell proliferation, platelet function, and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) function. Elucidation of the mechanism underlying this defect would help to understand the physiology of @entity141 mobilization in T cells.

title: A primary XXXX associated with defective transmembrane calcium influx.

entities_list: @entity2803 :: ('MESH:D003586', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus infection and toxoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity14634 :: ('MESH:C536780', 'Disease') :: ['T-cell immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity2426 :: ('MESH:D019284', 'Chemical') :: ['thapsigargin']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['cytomegalovirus pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity294 :: ('MESH:D003967', 'Disease') :: ['protracted diarrhea']

entities_list: @entity669 :: ('CHEBI:18186', 'Chemical') :: ['tyrosine']

answer: @entity14634 :: (MESH:C536780,Disease) :: ['T-cell immunodeficiency']