abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological significance of @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in @entity4348 ( @entity4348 ) versus nonendometrioid @entity189 (NECs) and to assess their correlation with hormone receptor status. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 expression in 154 @entity1204 was determined by qRT-PCR. The status of @entity172 and @entity1420 receptor (ER/PR) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. The expression level of @entity23106 was significantly higher in NECs than in @entity4348 (P = 0.025). Furthermore, there was a trend that NECs with worse clinicopathological variables had a higher @entity23106 expression, while an inverse trend existed in @entity4348 . @entity16106 upregulation occurred frequently in NECs without lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.030), whereas such association was not present in @entity4348 . Interestingly, In @entity4348 , @entity23106 / @entity18842 upregulation occurred frequently in the hormone receptor positive subgroups than the negative subgroups (P < 0.05). Similarly, the expression level of @entity16106 was higher in the hormone receptor positive subgroups and the association between @entity16106 and PR reached statistical significance (P = 0.024). In contrast, in NECs, a negative correlation was found between @entity23106 / @entity18842 and ER or PR status. Meanwhile, in @entity4348 , @entity23106 upregulation correlated with prolonged survival in the ER positive subgroup (P = 0.046), whereas an inverse trend existed in the ER negative subgroup. Our findings suggest that @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 increased significantly in @entity4348 and in NECs. However, they might behave differently in @entity4348 versus NECs. @entity23106 / @entity18842 and @entity16106 might be associated with hormone receptor status in @entity1204 and may possess prognostic impacts.

title: @entity23106 / @entity18842 and XXXX upregulation might be associated with hormone receptor status and prognosis in @entity1204 .

entities_list: @entity1204 :: ('MESH:D016889', 'Disease') :: ['endometrial cancer', 'endometrial cancers']

entities_list: @entity172 :: ('MESH:D004967', 'Chemical') :: ['estrogen']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinomas']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity4348 :: ('MESH:D018269', 'Disease') :: ['endometrioid carcinomas', 'ECs']

answer: @entity16106 :: (406988,Gene) :: ['miR-205']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The synthetic vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6891 ) analogue Ro 25-1553 is a selective @entity6891 -PACAP type 2 (VPAC(2)) receptor agonist that causes a bronchodilatory effect in @entity840 in vivo. The effect of Ro 25-1553 given by inhalation to @entity1 with @entity565 was studied and compared with that of a long acting beta(2) adrenoceptor agonist. METHODS: Twenty four @entity1 with moderate stable @entity565 participated in a double blind, randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. The primary variable was bronchodilatory effect (increase in forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FEV(1)) after inhalation of Ro 25-1553 (100 microg or 600 microg) and @entity6410 (4.5 microg), respectively. Putative side effects were characterised by monitoring sitting blood pressure, serum @entity972 , electrocardiography and echocardiography. RESULTS: Inhalation of 600 microg Ro 25-1553 caused a rapid bronchodilatory effect (geometric mean increase in FEV(1) compared with placebo) within 3 minutes of 6% (95% CI 4 to 9), as did inhalation of @entity6410 (8% (95% CI 5 to 10)). The corresponding maximum bronchodilatory effect during 24 hours was similar for 600 microg Ro 25-1553 (7% (95% CI 4 to 10)) and the reference bronchodilator @entity6410 (10% (95% CI 7 to 12)). However, for both doses of Ro 25-1553 the bronchodilatory effect was attenuated 5 hours after inhalation whereas @entity6410 still had a bronchodilatory effect 12 hours after inhalation. Neither @entity62807 nor @entity6410 produced any clinically relevant side effects. No drug related difference in adverse events was observed. CONCLUSION: Inhalation of a synthetic selective VPAC(2) receptor agonist constitutes a promising approach for bronchodilation in @entity1 with @entity565 .

title: Bronchodilation by an inhaled VPAC(2) receptor agonist in XXXX with stable @entity565 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity972 :: ('MESH:D011188', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium']

entities_list: @entity6410 :: ('MESH:C012629', 'Chemical') :: ['formoterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: PURPOSE: Regionalization of surgical care has improved the quality of care for @entity1 with @entity150 . We explored whether regionalization has benefited white and black @entity1 equally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a New York State inpatient database to identify all @entity1 who underwent cystectomy for @entity150 from 1997 to 2011. Hospital volume was classified in quintiles based on the number of cystectomies performed in the first 5 years of the study. Logistic regression was done to assess the association between race and low volume/very low volume hospitals. Racial disparities were further characterized using stratification by time and by the racial composition of the @entity1 community. RESULTS: A total of 8,168 @entity1 treated with cystectomy for @entity150 were included in analysis. Compared with white race, black race was associated with a  higher likelihood of low volume/very low volume hospital use (OR 1.59, 95% CI  1.26-2.02). The disparity was most prominent in 2002 to 2006 (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.64-3.85) but it did not persist in 2007 to 2011 (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.92-2.32). Black @entity1 living in a black community had the highest likelihood of low volume/very low volume hospitalization during all periods of increased regionalization (2002 to 2006 OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.84-9.34 and 2007 to 2011 OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.07-5.39). CONCLUSIONS: Regionalization of cystectomy transiently worsened the racial disparity in @entity150 care, although the disparity did not persist with time. Specific efforts may be needed to address the consequences of regionalization in particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as black @entity1 who live in a black community where disparities have persisted.

title: The Impact of Regionalization of Cystectomy on Racial Disparities in XXXX Care.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder cancer']

answer: @entity150 :: (MESH:D001749,Disease) :: ['Bladder Cancer']


abstract: Acute peripheral @entity432 is associated with great risk to the @entity1 's limb and life. Failure to restore adequate arterial flow in a timely fashion can result in the development of irreversible tissue @entity1188 and the opportunity for limb salvage is lost. On the other hand, @entity1 with @entity63 are often elderly and frail, and early invasive open surgical procedures without adequate preoperative stabilization and preparation result in an unacceptably high risk of perioperative @entity532 and @entity204 . Percutaneous methods designed to remove the intraluminal thrombus offer an alternative to immediate open surgical revascularization. These less invasive techniques constitute an option that is better tolerated in medically compromised @entity1 . The causative lesion can be precisely identified and the patency of outflow vessels can be restored. The lesion can then be addressed on an elective basis in a well-prepared @entity1 , using percutaneous or open surgical techniques to effect a durable long-term solution. The treatment options include primary surgical revascularization, thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of any of the three. Clinicians who themselves have the skills to perform a wide assortment of interventions ranging from percutaneous therapies through open surgical revascularization are best able to arrive at the most rational option for treating a specific clinical scenario. This article is directed at providing the practicing surgeon with a basic fund of knowledge on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies useful in treating @entity1 with peripheral @entity432 . Only in this manner can we expect to reduce the high rate of morbidity and mortality that remains associated with these events.

title: Endovascular techniques in the treatment of XXXX : thrombolytic agents, trials, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy techniques.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['acute limb ischemia']

entities_list: @entity532 :: ('MESH:D003925', 'Disease') :: ['cardiopulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarction']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['arterial occlusion']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['acute limb ischemia']


abstract: Cleavage of @entity24585 by @entity59907 was studied. Four primary products were detected and separated by high performance liquid chromatography. Two of the fragments are fluorescent and therefore contain residue 23 ( @entity2340 ). These fragments are @entity2733 -terminal in origin. The other two cross-react with antisera directed against @entity1473 -terminal portions of the hormone; they are the complementary @entity1473 -terminal fragments. Microsequencing and @entity535 analysis showed that the two @entity1473 -terminal fragments are 35-84 and 38-84 @entity291 @entity24585 . By CNBr cleavage and @entity535 analysis, the two @entity2733 -terminal fragments were shown to be the complementary 1-37 and 1-34 fragments. The 1-37 fragment is transitory and is rapidly hydrolyzed to 1-34, so that only relatively small amounts are detected at any one time. However, 34-84 was not converted to 38-84, although cleavage at other sites in the @entity1473 -terminal fragments was observed with more exhaustive digestion. The 1-34 fragment appears to be the final product of the action of @entity59907 on @entity24585 . Both enzymatically produced @entity2733 -terminal fragments were fully active in the renal membrane adenylyl cyclase assay system.

title: Characterization of XXXX fragments produced by @entity59907 .

entities_list: @entity535 :: ('CHEBI:33704', 'Chemical') :: ['amino acid']

entities_list: @entity2340 :: ('CHEBI:27897', 'Chemical') :: ['tryptophan']

answer: @entity24585 :: (280903(Tax:9913),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: The in vivo and in vitro antitumor effectiveness of IFNs is well documented. Their combination with differentiating agents, such as @entity1968 , has been demonstrated to be a promising therapy for @entity1 with advanced @entity1544 and the cervix. However, the mechanisms that mediate these antitumor responses are not yet known. We studied the epidermoid cell line ME 180 derived from @entity1 @entity2622 to test its responsiveness to @entity3027 -alpha-2b (INTRON A) and @entity1968 (RA). Both agents have demonstrated ability to inhibit the growth of @entity1 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The antiproliferative effect was further increased by the treatment with @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA combined. In accordance with this result, we found that the combination of the two agents has the effect of increasing the expression of the 2-5A synthetase gene, which is thought to play a key role in antigrowth responses to IFNs. At increased levels of 2-5A synthetase mRNA corresponds a significant increase in 2-5A synthetase activity. Although RA per se has no effect on the 2-5A synthetase expression, when it is combined with @entity3027 -alpha-2b it appears to be able to potentiate the @entity3027 -induced 2-5A synthetase expression. Moreover, the combination of @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA produces a similar effect also on the expression of the HLA-A2 gene, which has been shown to be induced in @entity1 cells both by @entity3027 -alpha-2b and RA alone. In view of the possible mechanisms of action of the two agents, it is interesting to note that their combination increases, although transiently, the expression of @entity9688 , which codes for a transcription factor that regulates @entity3027 gene expression and is thought to be involved in the regulation of @entity3027 -induced effects and in mediating cell death or apoptosis.

title: Interferon alpha-2b and XXXX combined treatment affects proliferation and gene expression of @entity1 @entity2622 cells.

entities_list: @entity2622 :: ('MESH:D002583', 'Disease') :: ['cervical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1544 :: ('MESH:D018307', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell cancer of the skin']

entities_list: @entity1968 :: ('MESH:D014212', 'Chemical') :: ['all-trans-retinoic acid', 'retinoic acid']

answer: @entity1968 :: (MESH:D014212,Chemical) :: ['retinoic acid']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the surgical anatomy of the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm and the pattern of its vessels in the @entity7891 and incontinent @entity7890 . METHODS: A total of 11 @entity1 , 9 with unoperated classic exstrophy and 2 with incontinent @entity7890 , who were >5 years old at presentation, were selected for the present study. Magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis was performed using a 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner and an 8-channel coil. Computed tomography was performed for 5 @entity1 using a multidetector row helical computed tomography scanner. Angiograms of the vessels of the urogenital diaphragm were also obtained using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. RESULTS: A central perineal body was seen in all the @entity1 , with attachment of the bulbospongiosus anteriorly, superficial transverse perinei laterally, and anal sphincter posteriorly. At the root of corpora, the ischiocavernosus muscle was also seen. The triangle among the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perinei muscle was accentuated and contained the perineal artery, indirectly indicating the course of the perineal nerve. The dorsal penile artery was nearer to the posterior edge of the ischiopubic ramus, before coursing on the lateral aspect of the anterior segment of the corpora. The deep transverse perinei muscle and laid open external urethral sphincter were also seen in the proximal planes of the urogenital diaphragm. CONCLUSIONS: First, all the muscles of the urogenital diaphragm, including the external urethral sphincter, were present in the exstrophy bladder. Second, the perineal artery and its sphincteric branches were in the triangular space between the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus, and superficial transverse perinei muscle. Finally, the dorsal penile artery ran along the inner edge of the ischiopubic ramus before lying on lateral aspect of the corpora.

title: Surgical anatomy of urogenital diaphragm and course of its vessels in exstrophy- XXXX .

entities_list: @entity7891 :: ('MESH:D001746', 'Disease') :: ['classic exstrophy bladder']

entities_list: @entity7890 :: ('MESH:D004842', 'Disease') :: ['epispadias']

answer: @entity7890 :: (MESH:D004842,Disease) :: ['epispadias']


abstract: Entrapment of @entity1 cells in natural or synthetic biomaterials represents an important tool for both basic and applied research in tissue engineering. For instance, the encapsulation procedures allow to physically isolate cells from the surrounding environment, after their transplantation maintaining the normal cellular physiology. The first part of the current paper describes different microencapsulation techniques including bulk emulsion technique, vibrating-nozzle procedure, gas driven mono-jet device protocol and microfluidic based approach. In the second part, the application of a microencapsulation procedure to the embedding of @entity1 cells is also described. @entity1 is a bronchial epithelial cell line, derived from a @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 . Different experimental parameters of the encapsulation process were analyzed, including frequency and amplitude of vibration, polymer pumping rate and distance between the nozzle and the gelling bath. We have found that the microencapsulation procedure does not alter the viability of the encapsulated @entity1 cells. The encapsulated @entity1 cells were characterized in term of protein secretion, analysing the culture medium by Bio-Plex strategy. The analyzed factors include members of the interleukin family ( @entity650 ), chemokines ( @entity687 and @entity2842 ) and growth factors ( @entity1261 ). The experiments demonstrated that most of the analyzed proteins, were secreted both by the free and encapsulated cells, even if in a different extent.

title: Encapsulation of eukaryotic cells in alginate microparticles: cell signaling by TNF-alpha through capsular structure of XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'IB3-1', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

answer: @entity1577 :: (MESH:D003550,Disease) :: ['cystic fibrosis']


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between plasma concentrations of four commonly administered selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the magnitude of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2D6 inhibition. DESIGN: Prospective analysis. SETTING: University-affiliated research laboratory. @entity1 : Thirty-two healthy, drug-free volunteers. INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to four groups and received daily administration of either @entity905 60 mg (as a loading dose), @entity3755 100 mg, @entity903 20 mg, or @entity3756 100 mg for 8 days. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The urinary concentration ratio of @entity14031 : @entity3982 (interpreted as an in vivo index of @entity5320 activity) was determined for each subject before and after the 8 days of receiving SSRIs. Plasma SSRI trough concentrations were measured on days 6-9. The @entity5320 genotype was determined in a subject with an undetectable @entity903 concentration. Inhibition of @entity5320 correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of @entity903 and @entity905 . In contrast, no significant correlations emerged between @entity5320 inhibition and plasma concentrations of @entity3756 or @entity3755 . The subject with an undetectable @entity903 concentration was found to carry at least three functional @entity5320 genes. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity903 and @entity905 , plasma concentrations and dosage strongly influence the magnitude of enzyme inhibition. The potential of @entity903 (a @entity5320 substrate) as an inhibitor may be affected by the genotypes and metabolic capacities of individual subjects.

title: XXXX inhibition by selective @entity750 reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at @entity5320 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity905 :: ('MESH:D005473', 'Chemical') :: ['fluoxetine']

entities_list: @entity14031 :: ('MESH:D003915', 'Chemical') :: ['dextromethorphan']

entities_list: @entity903 :: ('MESH:D017374', 'Chemical') :: ['paroxetine']

entities_list: @entity3755 :: ('MESH:D016666', 'Chemical') :: ['fluvoxamine']

entities_list: @entity3756 :: ('MESH:D020280', 'Chemical') :: ['sertraline']

entities_list: @entity750 :: ('MESH:D012701', 'Chemical') :: ['serotonin']

entities_list: @entity3982 :: ('MESH:D003917', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrorphan']

answer: @entity5320 :: (1565,Gene) :: ['CYP2D6']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: ICU-acquired @entity425 , comprised @entity3124 and @entity16 , occurs in a significant proportion of @entity3124 adults and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Little is known about ICU-acquired @entity425 among @entity3124 @entity1 . We investigated the incidence of ICU-acquired @entity425 among PICUs participating in the Virtual PICU Systems database. We also sought to identify associated risk factors for ICU-acquired @entity425 and evaluate the hypothesis that ICU-acquired @entity425 is associated with poor clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: PICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Virtual PICU System was queried for @entity3124 and @entity16 between January 2009 and November 2013. Demographic, admission, and clinical outcome variables including mechanical ventilation days, PICU length of stay, and discharge disposition were analyzed. The Pediatric Index of Mortality-2 was used to evaluate and control for illness severity and risk of mortality. Among 203,875 admissions, there were 55 cases of @entity3124 reported and no cases of @entity16 , resulting in an incidence of 0.02%. Mechanical ventilation days were higher among @entity1 with ICU-acquired @entity425 versus those who did not develop ICU-acquired @entity425 (31.6    28.9 vs 9.3    20.6; p < 0.001). In our multivariable analysis, when controlling for Pediatric Index of Mortality-2, ICU-acquired @entity425 was more frequently reported in those with admission diagnoses of @entity1576 and @entity281 and the need for mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal life support, and tracheostomy. ICU-acquired @entity425 was associated with a longer PICU length of stay, episodes requiring mechanical ventilation, and discharge to an intermediate, chronic care, and rehabilitation care unit. ICU-acquired @entity425 was not independently associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: ICU-acquired @entity425 is uncommonly diagnosed among PICU @entity1 reported in Virtual PICU System. ICU-acquired @entity425 is associated with critical care therapies, invasive procedures, and resource utilization. Limitations of our retrospective study include underrecognition of ICU-acquired @entity425 and lack of standardized diagnostic criteria within Virtual PICU System. Prospective studies are needed to better understand the true incidence, risk factors, and clinical course for @entity1 who develop ICU-acquired @entity425 .

title: ICU-Acquired Weakness Is Associated With Differences in Clinical Outcomes in XXXX @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3124 :: ('MESH:D016638', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness myopathy', 'critically ill']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['critical illness neuropathy']

entities_list: @entity425 :: ('MESH:D018908', 'Disease') :: ['weakness']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity1576 :: ('MESH:D012131', 'Disease') :: ['respiratory illness']

answer: @entity3124 :: (MESH:D016638,Disease) :: ['Critically Ill']


abstract: 1. @entity29594 phosphorylase has been isolated and partially purified from crude preparations of @entity840 liver nuclei. 2. The enzyme is particulate and associated with RNA and lipids characteristic of membranes. 3. It has phosphorolysis and exchange activities, but the latter may be due to a contaminating enzyme. 4. The phosphorolysis activity is dependent on bivalent cations, preferably @entity1025 , has a pH optimum between 8.6 and 9.2 and is inhibited by @entity4337 and @entity2827 . 5. The enzyme catalyses phosphorolysis of poly A, poly C, poly U, rRNA and tRNA. Poly G is only phosphorolysed to a very small extent and DNA is not a substrate. 6. The enzyme appears to lack @entity5688 polymerization activity.

title: Partial purification and properties of XXXX liver polynucleotide phosphorylase.

entities_list: @entity5688 :: ('CHEBI:16862', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside diphosphate']

entities_list: @entity29594 :: ('CHEBI:15986', 'Chemical') :: ['Polynucleotide']

entities_list: @entity2827 :: ('MESH:D012965', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium chloride']

entities_list: @entity4337 :: ('MESH:D011189', 'Chemical') :: ['potassium chloride']

answer: @entity840 :: (10141,Species) :: ['guinea-pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity882 has been frequently observed in @entity3965 @entity311 in different studies. Finding out the severity of @entity882 --is perhaps equally important, as it has practical as well as prognostic implications. The objective of the study was to assess the severity of @entity882 in @entity1 suffering, from @entity311 caused by @entity3965 . METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Malir, Karachi, which is a tertiary care Hospital for all military personnel _ their families in the province of Sindh. All @entity1 of smear positive Vivax malariaduring the study period were, included, and those having @entity882 from any other reason were excluded. They were treated with antimalarial drugs and their platelet counts were monitored till they normalized and discharged from the hospital. Thrombobytopenia was defined as platelets count of <150,000/cu mm. Results were. analysed by SPSS 11. RESULTS: Out of 150 cases, 133 (88%) had @entity882 . Their ages ranged from 15 to 55; mean age was 35 with SD +/- 20. Low platelet count observed was between 11,000 and 146,000/cu mm with SD +/- 27404. Mean value was 79,832/cu mm. None of the @entity1 had any @entity548 episode requiring a blood transfusion. CONCLUSION: @entity3965 associated @entity882 has a benign outcome. irrespective of severity of the platelet counts.

title: SEVERITY OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN XXXX WITH @entity3965 MALARIA; A SINGLE CENTER STUDY.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['Thrombocytopenia', 'thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity3965 :: ('5855', 'Species') :: ['plasmodium vivax', 'Plasmodium vivax']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['PATIENTS']


abstract: Post-operative hyponatraemia can be dangerous and can go unrecognised as the presenting signs and symptoms are often confused with post-operative or post-anaesthesia sequelae. Infusion of dextrose containing fluids in the peri-operative period is a well-documented cause of this electrolyte imbalance. We conducted a retrospective study to identify the incidence of hyponatraemia following surgery for @entity130 . Medical notes and fluid charts of the @entity1 were scrutinised. We detected 32 cases of post-operative hyponatraemia over a period of 1 year. Eleven hundred and thirty-one @entity1 underwent orthopaedic surgery during this period. Calculated incidence of hyponatraemia was 2.8%. In the hyponatraemic group, the mean pre-operative sodium was 134 mmol/l and mean post-operative sodium was 126 mmol/l. There was a statistically significant difference between mean pre-operative and mean post-operative serum @entity1372 concentration (P<0.0001, two sample t-test). The mean volume of @entity413 containing fluids received by each @entity1 was 3.26 l. There is a significant risk of hyponatraemia following orthopaedic surgery, especially in the elderly. Orthopaedic units need to be aware of this easily avoidable condition. Fluid infusion regimes should be carefully formulated with exclusion of dextrose containing fluids to prevent the danger of hyponatraemia.

title: Post-operative hyponatraemia in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['orthopaedic injury']

answer: @entity130 :: (MESH:D014947,Disease) :: ['orthopaedic injury']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elicitation of eye closure and other movements via electrical stimulation may provide effective treatment for @entity3541 . The authors performed a @entity1 feasibility study to determine whether transcutaneous neural stimulation can elicit a blink in individuals with @entity697 and to obtain feedback from @entity1 regarding the tolerability of surface electrical stimulation for daily blink restoration. METHODS: Forty individuals with acute unilateral @entity3541 , HB grades 4 through 6, were prospectively studied between 6 and 60 days of onset. Unilateral stimulation of zygomatic @entity735 was achieved with brief bipolar, charge-balanced pulse trains, delivered transcutaneously by adhesive electrode placement; results were recorded on a high-speed video camera. The relationship between stimulation parameters and cutaneous sensation was analyzed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale. RESULTS: Complete eye closure was achieved in 55 percent of @entity1 using stimulation parameters reported as tolerable. In those individuals, @entity735 was observed at an average current of 4.6 mA (  1.7; average pulse width of 0.7 ms, 100 to 150 Hz), with complete closure requiring a mean of 7.2 mA (  2.6). CONCLUSIONS: Transcutaneous facial nerve stimulation may @entity735 in a majority of @entity1 with acute @entity3541 . Although individuals varied widely in their reported degrees of discomfort from blink-eliciting stimulation, most of them indicated that such stimulation would be tolerable if it could restore eye closure. These @entity1 would therefore benefit from a biomimetic device to facilitate eye closure until the recovery process is complete. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Electrical Stimulation of Eye Blink in Individuals with Acute XXXX : Progress toward a Bionic Blink.

entities_list: @entity3541 :: ('MESH:D005158', 'Disease') :: ['facial paralysis']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute facial palsy']

entities_list: @entity735 :: ('MESH:D005124', 'Disease') :: ['initial eye twitch', 'artificially elicit eye blink', 'facial nerve branches to elicit eye blink']

answer: @entity3541 :: (MESH:D005158,Disease) :: ['Facial Palsy']


abstract: OBJECT: Stereotactic radiosurgery serves as an important primary and adjuvant treatment option for @entity1 with many types of @entity1653 . This is particularly true for @entity1 with @entity1653 . In this study, the authors evaluated the outcomes of Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) used to treat @entity1653 . METHODS: The study is a retrospective review of the outcomes in 138 @entity1 with @entity1653 treated at the University of Virginia from 1989 to 2006; all @entity1 had a minimum follow-up of 24 months. There were 31 @entity1 and 107 @entity1 whose mean age was 54 years (range 19-85 years). Eighty-four @entity1 had previously undergone resection. The mean pre-GKS @entity5 volume was 7.5 ml (range 0.2-54.8 ml). Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed, and factors related to favorable outcomes in each case were assessed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 84 months (median 75.5 months, range 24-216 months). In 118 @entity1 (86%), the @entity5 volume was unchanged or had decreased at last follow-up. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated radiographic progression-free survival at 5 and 10 years to be 95.4% and 69%, respectively. Fourteen @entity1 (10%) developed new @entity129 following GKS. Factors associated with @entity5 control included younger age, a higher isodose, and smaller @entity5 volume. A longer follow-up duration was associated with either a decrease or increase in @entity5 volume. Fourteen @entity1 (10%) experienced new or worsening @entity129 after treatment. Factors associated with this occurrence were larger pretreatment @entity5 volume, lower peripheral radiation dose, lower maximum dose, @entity5 progression, and longer follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma Knife surgery offers an acceptable rate of @entity5 control for @entity1653 and accomplishes this with a low incidence of @entity51 . Radiological control after radiosurgery is more likely in those @entity1 with a smaller @entity5 volume and a higher prescription dose.

title: Gamma Knife surgery for XXXX : long-term results including complications, predictive factors, and progression-free survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits', 'cranial nerve palsies']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deficits']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial meningiomas', 'meningiomas', 'parasellar meningiomas']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['parasellar meningiomas']


abstract: 21 @entity1 with @entity3980 of at least 70% and 21 @entity1 with @entity3980 and additional intramural anterior wall @entity1188 were studied. 20 @entity1 without @entity299 or after successful transluminal coronary angioplasty and 18 @entity1 with intramural anterior wall @entity1188 after successful transluminal dilatation of the LAD (remaining stenosis maximal 30%) served as controls. The normal range of global and regional left ventricular ejection fraction response to exercise was defined based on the data of 25 further @entity1 without relevant @entity301 . Thus, a decrease in global ejection fraction and regional wall motion abnormalities were judged pathological. All @entity1 were comparable with respect to age, ejection fraction at rest and work load. @entity741 could be detected by the exercise ECG in 81% of all @entity1 without @entity1188 and in 71% of @entity1 with @entity1188 . The corresponding values for global left ventricular ejection fraction were 76% and 81%, respectively, and for regional ejection fraction 95% in both groups. No false-positive exercise ECGs were observed in the healthy controls and 2 (11%) in the corresponding group with intramural @entity1188 . The global ejection fraction was pathological in 1 (5%) healthy subject without @entity1188 and in 3 (17%) corresponding @entity1 with @entity1188 . Sectorial analysis revealed 5 and 22%, respectively. Our findings suggest that the exercise ECG has a limited sensitivity to detect @entity741 in @entity1 with isolated @entity3980 and intramural @entity583 . Radionuclide ventriculography yields pathological values more often; however, @entity2849 occur more frequently.

title: [Comparison of effort-ECG and radionuclide ventriculography in relation to the detection of XXXX in isolated stenoses of the anterior interventricular branch].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary heart disease']

entities_list: @entity1188 :: ('MESH:D007238', 'Disease') :: ['infarctions', 'infarction']

entities_list: @entity741 :: ('MESH:D017202', 'Disease') :: ['Myocardial ischemia', 'myocardial ischemia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['heart disease']

entities_list: @entity3980 :: ('MESH:C535887', 'Disease') :: ['LAD-stenoses']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity2849 :: ('MESH:D017541', 'Disease') :: ['false-positive results also']

answer: @entity741 :: (MESH:D017202,Disease) :: ['myocardial ischemia']


abstract: A recent case of @entity699 and complete suppression of the @entity774 in a @entity1 with @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) and @entity5929 treated with @entity2059 as an antifungal agent, and @entity4184 as an anti-inflammatory agent led to a systematic assessment of this axis and gonadal function in all @entity1 treated with @entity2059 in the authors' @entity1577 centre. @entity2059 can inhibit @entity5322 , thus interfering with synthesis of gluco- and mineralocorticoids, @entity3800 and @entity53 as well as the metabolism of @entity4184 . The aim of this study was to evaluate adrenal and gonadal function in @entity1 treated with @entity2059 with or without @entity4184 . An adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) test (250 microg tetracosactid) was performed in 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 , and in 12 @entity1 treated with @entity2059 alone (six @entity1 with @entity1577 and six with chronic @entity738 ). Mineralocorticoid and gonadal steroid function were evaluated by measurements of plasma-renin, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, @entity1420 , @entity53 , @entity251 , serum-inhibin A and B. ACTH tests performed as part of a pretransplantation programme in an additional 30 @entity1577 @entity1 were used as controls. Eleven of the 25 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 had @entity1887 . None of the @entity1 on @entity2059 therapy alone nor the control @entity1577 @entity1 had a pathological ACTH test. Mineralocorticoid and @entity1887 was not observed in any of the @entity1 . Only one @entity1 with an initial pathological ACTH-test subsequently normalised, the other 10 @entity1 improved but had not achieved normalised adrenal function 2-10 months after @entity2059 treatment had been discontinued. Suppression of the adrenal glucocorticoid synthesis was observed in 11 of 25 @entity1577 @entity1 treated with both @entity2059 and @entity4184 . The pathogenesis is most likely an @entity2059 caused increase in systemic @entity4184 concentration through a reduced/inhibited metabolism leading to inhibition of adrenocorticotrophic hormone secretion along with a direct inhibition of steroidogenesis. In @entity1 treated with this combination, screening for @entity1887 at regular intervals is suggested.

title: @entity1887 as a side-effect of combined treatment of @entity2059 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomateous disease']

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity1887 :: ('MESH:D000309', 'Disease') :: ['gonadal insufficiency', 'adrenal insufficiency']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ["iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity53 :: ('MESH:D004958', 'Chemical') :: ['oestradiol']

entities_list: @entity5929 :: ('MESH:D001229', 'Disease') :: ['allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis']

entities_list: @entity4184 :: ('MESH:D019819', 'Chemical') :: ['budesonide']

entities_list: @entity3800 :: ('MESH:D000728', 'Chemical') :: ['androgens']

entities_list: @entity1577 :: ('MESH:D003550', 'Disease') :: ['CF', 'cystic fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['Itraconazole', 'itraconazole']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary-adrenal-axis']

answer: @entity4184 :: (MESH:D019819,Chemical) :: ['budesonide']


abstract: This article describes one community hospital's response to the overwhelming needs of adolescents in central Iowa. It is based on the premise that many youths who have severe @entity308 do not effectively respond to various outpatient counseling measures, and are in need of some type of inpatient treatment. Most such programs are locked psychiatric units run by @entity1 or adolescent psychiatrists. In our case, those wards already in existence are filled to capacity and cannot respond to outside needs. Placing these youth on traditional medical adolescent wards does not work, since medical staff are usually not geared to deal with the many, ever-changing mental health needs of these @entity1 . Thus, we developed an unlocked adolescent inpatient unit with a pediatrician experienced in adolescent medicine as medical director; moreover, the program extensively utilizes psychologists, nurse-counselors, social worker-family therapists, recreation therapists, and other specialists. This program is a way for physicians trained in adolescent medicine and other appropriate @entity1 to contribute to the complex health needs of youth; it is preferable to do this rather than send all @entity308 teenagers away by referrals, as seems to happen in some cases. It is also an important way for physicians and other specialists to demonstrate their expertise--both the Society for Adolescent Medicine and American Academy of Pediatrics have advocated such a demonstration--and to give physicians important training in the medical and mental health care needs of youth. Finally, the Spectrum Unit program provides a meaningful way for the primary care physician to be involved in the inpatient treatment of @entity308 adolescent @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The behavioral medicine unit: a community hospital model for inpatient treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'child', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressed', 'depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['adolescent depression']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To compare psychosocial burden in @entity1 with essential @entity400 (ET) in an outpatient (OPC)- and a community-based cohort (CBC). METHODS: A sample of outpatients of a tertiary referral center (n = 180) and a community-based sample (n = 100) with ET were asked for study participation. Psychosocial aspects were assessed by a questionnaire on psychosocial aspects of ET, neuropsychological scales, quality of life, personality traits, and coping strategies. RESULTS: One hundred and seven @entity1 of the OPC and 90 individuals of the CBC participated and their results are descriptively presented. Statistical analysis was restricted to 38 pairs of OPC and CBC individuals matched for age, sex, and @entity400 severity. One-third of these individuals reported a profound impairment in everyday or professional life. Neuropsychological scales showed a severe @entity308 in 8% of the individuals and pathologic values for the general level of @entity146 symptoms in 26%. The main coping strategy was 'active problem-orientated coping'. @entity1 of the OPC perceived a more severe impact of ET on their life. Multivariate analysis revealed the Beck Depression Inventory score as the only predictive factor for the outcome variables, physical and mental component scores, of the SF-12 health survey. CONCLUSIONS: ET causes a significant @entity73 , which does depend on symptom severity but also on mood with @entity308 as the main driving factor and other so far undetermined factors.

title: The psychosocial burden of essential XXXX in an outpatient- and a community-based cohort.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['psychosocial impairment']

answer: @entity400 :: (MESH:D014202,Disease) :: ['tremor']


abstract: AIM: The monoclonal antibody cetuximab, targeting the @entity470 ( @entity470 ), is a promising molecular targeting agent to be used in combination with radiation for anticancer therapy. In this study, effects of cetuximab in combination with alpha-emitting radioimmunotherapy (RIT) in a panel of cultured @entity1 @entity957 ( @entity957 ) were assessed. METHODS: SCC cell lines were characterized and treated with cetuximab in combination with anti-CD44v6 RIT using the astatinated chimeric monoclonal antibody U36 ((211)At-cMAb U36). Effects on (211)At-cMAb U36 uptake, internalization and cell proliferation were then assessed in SCC cells. RESULTS: Cetuximab in combination with (211)At-cMAb U36 mediated increased growth inhibition compared to RIT or cetuximab alone in two cell lines. However, cetuximab also mediated radioprotective effects compared to RIT alone in two cell lines. The radioprotective effects occurred in the cell lines in which cetuximab clearly inhibited cell growth during radiation exposure. Cetuximab treatment also influenced (211)At-cMAb-U36 uptake and internalization, suggesting interactions between CD44v6 and @entity470 . CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study demonstrate the vast importance of further clarifying the mechanisms of cetuximab and radiation response, and the relationship between @entity470 and suitable RIT targets. This is important not only in order to avoid potential radioprotective effects, but also in order to find and utilize potential synergistic effects from these combinations.

title: Effect of cetuximab in combination with alpha-radioimmunotherapy in cultured XXXX .

entities_list: @entity470 :: ('1956', 'Gene') :: ['EGFR', 'epidermal growth factor receptor']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['SCCs', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity957 :: (MESH:D002294,Disease) :: ['squamous cell carcinomas']


abstract: Objective: To provide information on the role of pharmacists in nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) avoidance in high-risk @entity1 . Summary: Nonprescription analgesics such as @entity5018 and naproxen are widely used by Americans. These nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available in large quantities in pharmacies and also in wholesale stores, gas stations, and convenience stores. In addition, more than 111 million @entity1 use prescription NSAIDs each year, including many older Americans. NSAIDs may seem innocuous, but they carry a significant risk of disrupting blood flow to the kidneys and thus precipitating @entity810 ( @entity810 ). Episodes of @entity810 can lead to costly hospitalizations and long-term consequences such as new-onset @entity740 ( @entity740 ) or more rapid progression of existing @entity740 . Most cases of NSAID-induced @entity810 can be avoided by recognizing high-risk @entity1 and counseling them on appropriate use of these medications. Community pharmacy-based NSAID counseling and education at the point of prescription dispensing or nonprescription purchase could complement and augment NSAID-induced @entity810 education provided by other members of the health care team to high-risk @entity1 . Conclusion: NSAID use is widespread and severely compromises effective renal perfusion in high-risk @entity1 . The community pharmacist can play a pivotal role in NSAID avoidance education to prevent potential episodes of @entity810 that have long-term consequences for @entity1 .

title: Keeping kidneys safe: The pharmacist's role in NSAID avoidance in high-risk XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'people']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['AKI', 'acute kidney injury']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study was undertaken to define physiologic limits of @entity4346 in elite adolescent @entity2587 . BACKGROUND: Systematic sports training may cause increased @entity1002 ( @entity1002 ), creating uncertainty regarding the differential diagnosis of @entity299 from @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ). This distinction is crucial because @entity1121 is responsible for about one-third of all sudden deaths in young @entity2587 . Echocardiographic data defining @entity299 are limited largely to adults, with little information specifically in adolescent @entity2587 (14 to 18 years old), for whom the risk of @entity944 from @entity1121 is highest. METHODS: Seven hundred and twenty elite adolescent @entity2587 (75% male) aged 15.7 +/- 1.4 years participating in ball, racket, and endurance sports and 250 healthy sedentary controls of similar age, gender, and body surface area underwent echocardiography. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity2587 had greater absolute @entity1002 (9.5 +/- 1.7 mm vs. 8.4 +/- 1.4 mm; p < 0.0001). Maximal @entity1002 exceeded predicted @entity9053 in 38 @entity2587 (5%); however, no female athlete had a @entity1002 >11 mm and only three trained male @entity2587 had absolute @entity1002 >12 mm (0.4%). Each of the 38 @entity2587 with a @entity1002 exceeding predicted limits also showed enlarged left ventricular cavity dimension (54.4 +/- 2.1 mm; range 52 to 60 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Trained adolescent @entity2587 demonstrated greater absolute @entity1002 compared with nonathletes. Only a small proportion of @entity2587 exhibited a @entity1002 exceeding @entity9053 , very rarely >12 mm, and then always with chamber enlargement. @entity1121 should be considered strongly in any trained adolescent male athlete with @entity1002 >12 mm (females >11 mm) and nondilated left ventricle.

title: Physiologic limits of @entity4346 in elite junior @entity2587 : relevance to differential diagnosis of XXXX and @entity1121 .

entities_list: @entity9053 :: ('MESH:D045745', 'Disease') :: ['upper limits']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity4346 :: ('MESH:D017379', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular hypertrophy']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ["athlete's heart"]

entities_list: @entity1121 :: ('MESH:D002312', 'Disease') :: ['HCM', 'Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy', 'hypertrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['LVWT', 'left ventricular wall thickness']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['athlete's heart']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiation effects make operative dissection difficult, impair subsequent healing, and increase morbidity. This study evaluates tissue reinforcement of the irradiated bronchus as a modality to reduce morbidity after lobectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all @entity1 who had preoperative radiotherapy before lobectomy for @entity2 between May 1977 and June 2000. RESULTS: There were 56 @entity1 (33 @entity1 and 23 @entity1 ) who ranged in age from 42 to 80 years (median, 59 years). Bronchial stump reinforcement included no coverage in 24 @entity1 (42.8%), mediastinal tissue (parietal pleura, pericardial fat, or azygos vein) in 16 (28.6%), and muscle (serratus anterior) in 16 (28.6%). Median preoperative radiation dose was 4,600 cGy (range, 3,000 to 9,810 cGy) and did not differ between the groups. There were three @entity204 (13%) in the no coverage group, one (6%) in the mediastinal tissue group, and one (6%) in the muscle group (NS). Pulmonary complication rate was 67% in the no coverage group, 44% in the mediastinal group, and 25% in the muscle group (p = 0.03). Median duration of chest tube drainage was 8 days in the no coverage group, 6 days in the mediastinal group, and 5 days in the muscle group (p = 0.006). Median hospital stay was 13 days in the no coverage group, 9 days in the mediastinal group, and 7 days in the muscle group (p = 0.02). @entity1 in the muscle group had reduced hospital stay, duration of chest tube drainage, and @entity358 compared with the other two groups (p < 0.05). Subjectively, presence and magnitude of @entity282 , range of motion, and strength of the upper extremity of the muscle flap side were not different between the groups (p = NS). Follow-up was complete and ranged from 4 to 147 months (median, 17 months). CONCLUSIONS: Tissue reinforcement of the irradiated bronchus after lobectomy reduces postoperative morbidity and hospitalization. @entity121 may be preferred.

title: Management of the irradiated bronchus after lobectomy for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['men', 'women', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary complications']

entities_list: @entity282 :: ('MESH:D010149', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative pain']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['Transposition muscle flap']

answer: @entity2 :: (MESH:D008175,Disease) :: ['lung cancer']


abstract: @entity1481 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity2904 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5649 is a serious complication of @entity63 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity1481 ( @entity2904 ) on development of @entity5649 in experimental low-flow @entity63 . @entity2904 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity35 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity35 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity63 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5649 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity2904 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity63 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity2904 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity2904 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity2904 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity1 , reduced @entity5649 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity1481 on XXXX in isolated perfused @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity5649 :: ('MESH:D054061', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemic contracture', 'ischemic contracture']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemia']

entities_list: @entity1481 :: ('MESH:D014292', 'Chemical') :: ['Trimetazidine', 'trimetazidine']

answer: @entity5649 :: (MESH:D054061,Disease) :: ['ischemic contracture']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether preoperative @entity409 provides risk stratification for perioperative @entity8 in @entity1 undergoing noncardiac surgery. The relationship between perioperative @entity8 and @entity296 after noncardiac surgery (MINS) was explored secondarily. DESIGN: An observational study. SETTING: Two academic medical centers. @entity1 : A total of 218 @entity1 scheduled to undergo intermediate or high-risk noncardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: @entity409 was identified preoperatively by a Reactive @entity450 -Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (RH-PAT) index. @entity8 was defined by peak delta serum @entity1011 (  SCr) or @entity1011 -based @entity8 : Improving global outcomes @entity810 ( @entity810 ) criteria within 7 days postoperatively. MINS was defined by peak troponin>= 0.04   g/L within 3 days postoperatively. @entity810 occurred in 22 @entity1 (10.1%). Median RH-PAT index within the study cohort was 1.64 (range 1.03-4.96) and did not differ between @entity1 with or without @entity810 . When adjusted for covariates, there was no association between RH-PAT index and either @entity810 or peak   SCr. MINS occurred in 32 @entity1 (14.7%) and was associated independently with the outcome of @entity810 (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-10.8; p = 0.02) and peak   SCr (b-regression coefficient 23; 95% CI, 9-37; p = 0.002). Co-occurrence of @entity810 and MINS portended a marked increase in 30-day mortality (OR, 43; 95% CI, 6-305; p = 0.001) and delayed time to discharge (hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.13-0.54; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 undergoing noncardiac surgery, preoperative endothelial function assessed by noninvasive peripheral arterial tonometry was not associated with perioperative @entity810 . @entity8 was associated strongly with MINS, and this may represent a mechanism by which @entity810 increases adverse outcomes.

title: Is Preoperative Endothelial Dysfunction a Potentially Modifiable Risk Factor for XXXX Associated With Noncardiac Surgery?

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['Perioperative renal injury', 'Renal injury', 'kidney disease', 'renal injury']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial injury']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['endothelial dysfunction', 'Endothelial dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity450 :: ('MESH:D006940', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperemia']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['Renal Injury']


abstract: @entity299 are rare @entity5 of infancy. In a series of 36 @entity1 78 percent were under 1 year of age, and only one @entity1 was over age 15 years. Ninety percent of the @entity4618 were multiple and occurred with nearly equal frequency in the right and left ventricles. Although reportedly infrequent in the atria, @entity4618 involved either one or both atria in 30 percent of @entity1 . In 50 percent of @entity1 at least one of the @entity5 masses was intracavitary and obstructed 50 percent or more of one of the cardiac chambers or valve orifices. Symptoms referable to obstruction of intracardiac blood flow were present in nine @entity1 , none of whom had @entity2916 , and all of whom would appear to have been good surgical candidates. Histologically the @entity4618 were composed of classic "spider cells". Electron microscopic studies revealed scattered bundles of myofibrils ringing these cells and radiating toward the center; glycogen was present both free in the cytoplasm and within mitochondria. Distinct intercellular junctions resembling intercalated discs with well defined desmosomes and nexuses were present. Many of the cells contained leptofibrils, arranged either peripherally or in spiraled clusters in the center of the cell. @entity4618 derive from cardiac muscle cells and appear to represent @entity4607 rather than true @entity5 .

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic and electron microscopic study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity4618 :: ('MESH:D012207', 'Disease') :: ['Rhabdomyomas', 'rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity2916 :: ('MESH:D014402', 'Disease') :: ['tuberous sclerosis']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyomas']

entities_list: @entity4607 :: ('MESH:D006222', 'Disease') :: ['hamartomas']

answer: @entity299 :: (MESH:D006331,Disease) :: ['Cardiac rhabdomyoma']


abstract: This report summarizes follow-up studies in 18 @entity1 who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for @entity774 . Three of these @entity1 were young @entity1 with null/null mutations of @entity4414 , and the other 15 were adrenalectomized because of difficulties in their management on conventional therapy. The average duration of follow-up was 59 months and represents an aggregate of 90 postoperative years. The adrenals were removed laparoscopically in 13 @entity1 and by open flank incisions in five. Adrenal crises associated with severe illnesses occurred in five @entity1 at times when their glucocorticoid substitution was suboptimal. All were responsive to appropriate therapy. Two of these @entity1 were young @entity1 who had @entity4053 during @entity1902 or @entity221 associated with poor @entity391 . Significant elevations of adrenal @entity134 precursors, presumably from ectopic adrenal rests, were observed postoperatively in eight of the @entity1 . @entity1 and parents were nearly unanimous in their enthusiasm for adrenalectomy. In most, signs of @entity342 excess have decreased, and @entity28 has become less of a problem with lowering the dose of glucocorticoid. We conclude that adrenalectomy is a safe and efficacious method of managing @entity774 in selected @entity1 . Prophylactic adrenalectomy in young @entity1 with double null mutations remains experimental.

title: The role of bilateral adrenalectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['food intake or vomiting']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity221 :: ('MESH:D005334', 'Disease') :: ['febrile illness']

entities_list: @entity774 :: ('MESH:D000312', 'Disease') :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']

answer: @entity774 :: (MESH:D000312,Disease) :: ['congenital adrenal hyperplasia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is a need to determine which response measures in @entity1988 trials are most predictive of good long-term renal function. We used data from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial to evaluate the performance of @entity644 , serum @entity1011 ( @entity8818 ), and urinary red blood cells (RBCs) as predictors of good long-term renal outcome. METHODS: @entity1 from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 Trial with @entity644 , serum @entity8818 , and urinary RBC measurements at 3, 6, or 12 months and with a minimum of 7 years of followup were included (n   =   76). We assessed the ability of these clinical biomarkers at 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization to predict good long-term renal outcome (defined as a serum @entity8818 value  <=1.0 mg/dl) at 7 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to assess parameter performance at these time points and to select the best cutoff for individual parameters. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for the parameters alone and in combination. RESULTS: A @entity644 value of <0.8 gm/day at 12 months after randomization was the single best predictor of good long-term renal function (sensitivity 81% and specificity 78%). The addition of serum @entity8818 to @entity644 as a composite predictor did not improve the performance of the outcome measure; addition of urinary RBCs as a predictor significantly decreased the sensitivity to 47%. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the level of @entity644 at 12 months is the individual best predictor of long-term renal outcome in @entity1 with @entity1988 . Inclusion of urinary RBCs as part of a composite outcome measure actually undermined the predictive value of the trial data. We therefore suggest that urinary RBCs should not be included as a component of clinical trial response criteria in @entity1988 .

title: Predictors of long-term renal outcome in XXXX trials: lessons learned from the @entity7634 - @entity1988 cohort.

entities_list: @entity644 :: ('MESH:D011507', 'Disease') :: ['proteinuria']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['Lupus Nephritis', 'lupus nephritis']

answer: @entity1988 :: (MESH:D008181,Disease) :: ['lupus nephritis']


abstract: In the treatment of @entity5109 in adults with @entity16 , various surgical procedures are used including the @entity1347 lengthening. Release of the @entity1795 in the midfoot is routinely included with these procedures to correct or prevent toe curling. In follow-up, residual toe curling has been observed in some @entity1 despite release of the long toe flexor tendons. This study was undertaken to investigate this problem and its consequences, treatment, and treatment success. Forty-one feet in 34 consecutive @entity1 were examined for residual toe curling an average of 2.5 years postoperatively. Thirty-two feet (78%) were noted to have significant @entity85 . The residual toe curling caused @entity158 in 72% of the feet and was associated with @entity15261 on the dorsum of the toes in 59%. The incidence of residual toe curling secondary to spasticity of the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic muscles of the foot was similar in the @entity1 who had sustained @entity131 and in those who had suffered a @entity64 . Twelve of these feet (37%) underwent surgical release of the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic tendons to correct the toe curling. There were no complications of surgery and no recurrences of @entity85 following the surgery. A second surgical procedure to release the flexor digitorum brevis and intrinsic tendons to correct the toe curling was more commonly performed in the younger more active brain-injured @entity1 than in the older @entity64 @entity1 (44% versus 20%, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intrinsic toe XXXX following correction of spastic @entity85 in adults.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity131 :: ('MESH:D001930', 'Disease') :: ['traumatic brain injury']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'cerebrovascular accident']

entities_list: @entity5109 :: ('MESH:D005530', 'Disease') :: ['spastic equinovarus foot deformities']

entities_list: @entity1347 :: ('MESH:C537775', 'Disease') :: ['split anterior tibialis tendon transfer and tendo achilles']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurologic impairment']

entities_list: @entity15261 :: ('MESH:D002145', 'Disease') :: ['callosities']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['deformity', 'flexion deformities of the lesser toes']

entities_list: @entity1795 :: ('MESH:D052582', 'Disease') :: ['flexor hallucis longus and flexor digitorum longus tendons']

answer: @entity85 :: (MESH:D009140,Disease) :: ['flexion deformity']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was carried out in two institutions to determine serial changes in the pattern, distribution, and extent of @entity401 ( @entity401 ) associated with @entity6558 ( @entity6558 )- @entity6017 ( @entity6017 ) using HRCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 with @entity6558 - @entity6017 and clinical suspicion of @entity401 who underwent at least two serial HRCT examinations were retrospectively evaluated by two readers. @entity1 were classified according to the dominant CT pattern which was correlated with clinical evolution and underlying histology when available (n=6). RESULTS: @entity1 were classified into four groups according to the dominant pattern: ground-glass attenuation and reticulation (group 1, n=9); honeycombing (group 2, n=4); airspace consolidation (group 3, n=4), and normal or almost normal lung (group 4, n=3). Under medical treatment, serial HRCT showed that the extent of areas of ground-glass opacities (group 1) decreased in five @entity1 , stabilized in two, and increased in two. Pathologic findings demonstrated @entity2416 ( @entity2416 ) in two cases and unspecified @entity401 in one. In group 2, extent of honeycombing increased in three cases and stabilized in one. In group 3, dramatic resolution of airspace consolidation occurred in three cases. Clinical deterioration with extensive consolidation at CT and @entity16 ( @entity16 ) at histology occurred in one @entity1 of each of the three previous groups. Lesions stayed invisible or progressed slightly in the fourth group. CONCLUSION: In @entity401 associated with @entity6558 - @entity6017 , clinical deterioration and @entity16 in the follow-up can be observed whatever the HRCT pattern. However, unfavorable evolution is constant when honeycombing is present at the initial CT.

title: Serial chest CT findings in XXXX associated with @entity6017 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity6017 :: ('MESH:D003882', 'Disease') :: ['dermatomyositis', 'DM']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['diffuse alveolar damage', 'DAD']

entities_list: @entity2416 :: ('MESH:D054990', 'Disease') :: ['UIP', 'usual interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity401 :: ('MESH:D017563', 'Disease') :: ['ILD', 'interstitial lung disease', 'interstitial pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity6558 :: ('MESH:D017285', 'Disease') :: ['PM', 'polymyositis']

answer: @entity401 :: (MESH:D017563,Disease) :: ['interstitial lung disease']


abstract: 1. We have devised an isolated innervated preparation of @entity95 @entity825 in which parasympathetic fibres can be stimulated either pre- or postganglionically. 2. Contractions induced by transmural stimulation of the tracheal smooth muscle and by stimulation of the proximal end of the vagus nerve were both inhibited by @entity1022 and @entity3897 indicating that @entity934 release from neural fibres was responsible for each contraction. 3. Only the contraction induced by stimulation of the vagus nerve was significantly inhibited by @entity4033 indicating that this response was mediated by preganglionic stimulation. 4. The contractions induced by both pre- and postganglionic stimulation were potentiated by @entity3774 (PGF2 alpha). The potentiation was short-lasting and could not be repeated in the same preparation. 5. In contrast @entity1672 (PGD2) inhibited each form of stimulation-induced contraction in a dose-related manner. 6. In separate experiments PGF2 alpha also potentiated the contractile response to exogenous @entity934 in isolated non-innervated tracheal segments. This localizes the action of PGF2 alpha to the smooth muscle. 7. These effects of PGF2 alpha may be important in the @entity32 which accompanies @entity1030 .

title: @entity3774 alpha augments the response to parasympathetic fibre stimulation in an isolated innervated preparation of @entity95 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity4033 :: ('MESH:D018738', 'Chemical') :: ['hexamethonium']

entities_list: @entity1672 :: ('MESH:D015230', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin D2']

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1030 :: ('MESH:D029424', 'Disease') :: ['airway disease']

entities_list: @entity1022 :: ('MESH:D013779', 'Chemical') :: ['tetrodotoxin']

entities_list: @entity3897 :: ('MESH:D001285', 'Chemical') :: ['atropine']

entities_list: @entity3774 :: ('MESH:D015237', 'Chemical') :: ['prostaglandin F2 alpha']

entities_list: @entity934 :: ('MESH:D000109', 'Chemical') :: ['acetylcholine']

answer: @entity825 :: (MESH:D055090,Disease) :: ['trachea']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) results in a significant reduction in both margin involvement and excision volumes (COBALT trial). OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to determine whether @entity0 also leads to improvements in cosmetic outcome and @entity1 satisfaction when compared with standard @entity1104 ( @entity1104 ). METHODS: A total of 134 @entity1 with T1-T2 @entity0 were included in the COBALT trial (NTR2579) and randomized to either @entity0 (65 @entity1 ) or @entity1104 (69 @entity1 ). Cosmetic outcomes were assessed by a three-member panel using computerized software Breast Cancer Conservative Treatment cosmetic results (BCCT.core) and by @entity1 self-evaluation, including @entity1 satisfaction. Time points for follow-up were 3, 6, and 12  months after surgery. Overall cosmetic outcome and @entity1 satisfaction were scored on a 4-point Likert scale (excellent, good, fair, or poor), and outcomes were analyzed using a multilevel, mixed effect, proportional odds model for ordinal responses. RESULTS: @entity0 achieved better cosmetic outcomes, with 20  % excellence overall and only 6  % rated as poor, whereas 14  % of @entity1104 outcomes were rated excellent and 13  % as poor. @entity0 also had consistently lower odds for worse cosmetic outcomes (odds ratio 0.55, p  =  0.067) than @entity1104 . The chance of having a worse outcome was significantly increased by a larger lumpectomy volume (p trend  =  0.002); a volume >40  cc showed odds 2.78-fold higher for a worse outcome than a volume  <=40  cc. @entity0 resulted in higher @entity1 satisfaction compared with @entity1104 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 achieved better overall cosmetic outcomes and @entity1 satisfaction than @entity1104 . Lumpectomy volumes  >40  cc resulted in significantly worse cosmetic outcomes.

title: Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance in Breast-Conserving Surgery Improves Cosmetic Outcomes and XXXX Satisfaction: Results of a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial (COBALT).

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1104 :: ('MESH:D000267', 'Disease') :: ['palpation-guided surgery', 'PGS']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['USS', 'Ultrasound-guided breast-conserving surgery', 'invasive breast cancer']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of processing delay, temperature, and transport tube type on results of quantitative bacterial culture (QBC) of @entity235 urine. DESIGN: Diagnostic test evaluation. SAMPLE: 60 mL of pooled urine from 4 @entity235 , divided into six 10-mL aliquots. PROCEDURES: Urine aliquots were spiked with bacteria from 1 of 6 independent @entity526 cultures to achieve a target bacterial concentration of 10(5) CFUs/mL. One milliliter from each aliquot was transferred into 5 @entity1346 -coated clot tubes (SCTs) and 5 urine transport tubes (UTTs). Samples were stored at 4  C (39  F) and 25  C (77  F) for 0, 8, and 24 hours, and then standard QBCs were performed. RESULTS: Median bacterial concentration for urine samples stored in a UTT for 24 hours at 4  C was lower than that for samples stored in an @entity12497 under the same conditions. Conversely, a substantial decrease in median bacterial concentration was identified for samples stored for 24 hours in an @entity12497 at 25  C, compared with the median concentration for samples stored in a UTT under the same conditions. Median bacterial concentration in samples stored in an @entity12497 at 25  C for 24 hours (275 CFUs/mL) was less than the cutoff typically used to define clinically important @entity793 by use of urine samples obtained via cystocentesis (ie, > 1,000 CFUs/mL). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity235 urine samples submitted for immediate QBC should be transported in plain sterile tubes such as SCTs. When prolonged (24-hour) storage at room temperature is anticipated, urine samples should be transported in UTTs.

title: Effects of processing delay, temperature, and transport tube type on results of quantitative bacterial culture of XXXX urine.

entities_list: @entity235 :: ('9615', 'Species') :: ['canine', 'Canine', 'dogs']

entities_list: @entity793 :: ('MESH:D001437', 'Disease') :: ['bacteriuria']

entities_list: @entity1346 :: ('MESH:D012828', 'Chemical') :: ['silicone']

entities_list: @entity526 :: ('562', 'Species') :: ['Escherichia coli']

answer: @entity235 :: (9615,Species) :: ['canine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with unresectable @entity2 or pulmonary metastases, isolated lung perfusion (ILP) has been described as an alternative method to deliver high-dose chemotherapy to the lungs, thereby minimizing systemic @entity137 . Pharmacokinetics of ILP have not been extensively investigated. Therefore, we studied the feasibility of ILP with melphalan in a @entity1707 model with emphasis on pharmacokinetics and @entity697 . METHODS: Five @entity1707 underwent ILP with melphalan. Blood and tissue samples were obtained for determination of melphalan levels. Tissue biopsies were taken for microscopic evaluation of lung damage. RESULTS: During ILP, no hemodynamic effects of importance were noted. No systemic leakage of melphalan was observed in any of the animals. Compared with normal lung tissue, microscopic examination of lung tissue after perfusion without melphalan showed @entity3126 . Directly after melphalan perfusion additional hemorrhagic areas were seen; however, electron microscopy displayed no irreversible endothelial damage. CONCLUSION: This study on @entity1707 proved to be a well reproducible model for ILP with melphalan. Pharmacokinetics show a safety profile with no systemic @entity137 , which could justify further @entity1 studies, necessary to determine its effect on pulmonary metastases in @entity1 , especially in case of adjuvant therapy after surgical resection or in unresectable disease.

title: Isolated lung perfusion with melphalan: pharmacokinetics and @entity137 in a XXXX model.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['humans', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity697 :: ('MESH:D000208', 'Disease') :: ['acute lung damage']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3126 :: ('MESH:D011654', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary edema']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

answer: @entity1707 :: (9823,Species) :: ['pig']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Early @entity16 (END) occurs in approximately one third of all @entity385 @entity1 and is associated with a poor outcome. Our study sought to assess the value of ultra-early MRI in the prediction of END in @entity64 @entity1 . METHODS: Between August 1999 and November 2001, 38 @entity64 @entity1 with a proven @entity2500 (ICA) occlusion on MR angiography underwent perfusion-weighted imaging (PWI) and @entity353 ( @entity353 ) within 6 hours after onset, and 30 fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Control @entity353 and MR angiography were performed between days 3 and 5. Cranial CT was performed to rule out hemorrhagic transformation. Vascular risk factors, temperature, blood pressure, glycemia, and blood count were assessed on admission. National Institutes of Health @entity64 Scale (NIHSS) scores were obtained at baseline and at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. At the same time points, transcranial Doppler (TCD) examinations were conducted to assess arterial recanalization. END was defined as an increase in the NIHSS score >4. A logistic regression model was applied to detect independent predictors of END. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the relationship between @entity1188 growth and duration of @entity432 . RESULTS: Initial MR angiography showed an occlusion of @entity3538 in 7 @entity1 (23.3%), of proximal MCA in 14 (46.6%), and of distal MCA in the remaining 9 (30%). A PWI- @entity353 mismatch >20% was observed in 28 @entity1 (93.3%). END occurred in 7 @entity1 (23.3%). Baseline NIHSS score (P=0.05), proximal site of occlusion (P=0.002), initial @entity353 (P=0.002) and PWI (P=0.003) volumes, and reduced PWI- @entity353 mismatch (P=0.038) were associated with END in the univariate analysis. Only hyperacute @entity353 volume remained as a predictor of END when a logistic regression model was applied (odds ratio, 11.5; 95% CI, 2.31 to 57.10; P=0.0028). A receiver operator characteristic curve identified a cutoff point of @entity353 >89 cm(3) (sensitivity, 85.7%; specificity, 95.7%) to predict END. A graded response was seen in @entity353 lesion expansion in relation to duration of @entity432 (P=0.017). CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-early @entity353 is a powerful predictor of END after MCA or @entity432 .

title: Prediction of early XXXX using diffusion- and perfusion-weighted imaging in hyperacute @entity2500 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity64 :: ('MESH:D020521', 'Disease') :: ['stroke', 'Stroke']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['DWI', 'diffusion-weighted imaging']

entities_list: @entity2500 :: ('MESH:D020244', 'Disease') :: ['middle cerebral artery (MCA) or intracranial internal carotid artery']

entities_list: @entity16 :: ('MESH:D009422', 'Disease') :: ['neurological deterioration']

entities_list: @entity3538 :: ('MESH:D002341', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ICA']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['intracranial ICA occlusion', 'vessel occlusion', 'arterial occlusion']

entities_list: @entity385 :: ('MESH:D002544', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic stroke']

answer: @entity16 :: (MESH:D009422,Disease) :: ['neurological deterioration']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plant-based diets on @entity353 . METHODS: @entity1 were enrolled in a 6-mo, five-arm, randomized controlled trial in 2013 in South Carolina. @entity1 attended weekly group meetings, with the exception of the omnivorous group, which served as the control and attended monthly meetings augmented with weekly e-mail lessons. All groups attended monthly meetings for the last 4 mo of the study. Diets did not emphasize caloric restriction. RESULTS: Overweight adults (body mass index 25-49.9 kg/m(2); age 18-65 y, 19% non-white, and 27% @entity1 ) were randomized to a low-fat, low-glycemic index diet: vegan (n = 12), vegetarian (n = 13), pesco-vegetarian (n = 13), semi-vegetarian (n = 13), or omnivorous (n = 12). Fifty (79%) @entity1 completed the study. In intention-to-treat analysis, the linear trend for @entity353 across the five groups was significant at both 2 (P < 0.01) and 6 mo (P < 0.01). At 6 mo, the @entity353 in the vegan group (-7.5%    4.5%) was significantly different from the omnivorous (-3.1%    3.6%; P = 0.03), semi-vegetarian (-3.2%    3.8%; P = 0.03), and pesco-vegetarian (-3.2%    3.4%; P = 0.03) groups. Vegan @entity1 decreased their fat and saturated fat more than the pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, and omnivorous groups at both 2 and 6 mo (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Vegan diets may result in greater @entity353 than more modest recommendations.

title: Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for XXXX : A randomized controlled trial of five different diets.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants', 'men']

entities_list: @entity353 :: ('MESH:D015431', 'Disease') :: ['weight loss']

answer: @entity353 :: (MESH:D015431,Disease) :: ['weight loss']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We previously demonstrated that a single-chain fragment variable (scFv) specific to collagen type II (CII) posttranslationally modified by reactive @entity26 species (ROS) can be used to target anti-inflammatory therapeutics specifically to inflamed @entity2720 . The objective of the present study was to demonstrate the superior efficacy of anti-inflammatory cytokines when targeted to inflamed @entity2720 by the anti-ROS modified CII (anti-ROS-CII) scFv in a @entity19 model of @entity625 . METHODS: Viral @entity1618 (vIL-10) was fused to anti-ROS-CII scFv (1-11E) with a matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP) cleavable linker to create 1-11E/vIL-10 fusion. Binding of 1-11E/vIL-10 to ROS-CII was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blotting, and immune-staining of arthritic cartilage, whereas vIL-10 bioactivity was evaluated in vitro by using an @entity19 cell-proliferation assay. Specific in vivo localization and therapeutic efficacy of 1-11E/vIL-10 was tested in the @entity19 model of antigen-induced @entity625 . RESULTS: 1-11E/vIL-10 bound specifically to ROS-CII and to damaged arthritic cartilage. Interestingly, the in vitro vIL-10 activity in the fusion protein was observed only after cleavage with @entity5782 . When systemically administered to arthritic @entity19 , 1-11E/vIL-10 localized specifically to the arthritic knee, with peak accumulation observed after 3 days. Moreover, 1-11E/vIL-10 reduced @entity32 significantly quicker than vIL-10 fused to the control anti-hen egg lysozyme scFv (C7/vIL10). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines potentiates their anti-arthritic action in a @entity19 model of @entity625 . Our results further support the hypothesis that targeting biotherapeutics to @entity2720 may be extended to include anti-inflammatory cytokines that lack efficacy when administered systemically.

title: Targeting of viral XXXX with an antibody fragment specific to damaged arthritic cartilage improves its therapeutic potency.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity625 :: ('MESH:D001168', 'Disease') :: ['arthritis']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity2720 :: ('MESH:D007592', 'Disease') :: ['arthritic joints']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Heparins play an important role in cell growth, differentiation, migration and invasion. However, the molecular mechanisms of heparin mediated cellular behaviors are not well defined. To determine the effect of heparin on gene expression, we performed a cDNA microarray in a @entity157 cell line and found that heparin regulates transcription of genes involved in @entity413 metabolism. In this study, we showed a new role of heparin in the regulation of thioredoxin interacting protein, which is a major regulator of @entity413 metabolism, in @entity157 cell lines. We determined the importance of a unique @entity1735 response element located on its promoter for the @entity6950 -induced activation of thioredoxin-interacting protein and the modulatory role of heparin on nuclear accumulation of @entity1735 response element associated proteins. We showed the importance of heparin mediated histone modifications and down-regulation of Enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 expression for heparin mediated overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein. When we tested biological significance of these data; we observed that cells overexpressing thioredoxin-interacting protein are less adhesive and proliferative, however they have a higher migration and invasion ability. Interestingly, heparin treatment increased thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in liver of @entity6 @entity35 . In conclusion, our results show that heparin activates thioredoxin-interacting protein expression in liver and @entity157 cells and provide the first evidences of regulatory roles of heparin on @entity1735 response element associated factors. This study will contribute future understanding of the effect of heparin on @entity413 metabolism and @entity413 independent overexpression of thioredoxin-interacting protein during hepatocarcinogenesis.

title: Heparin treatment increases thioredoxin interacting protein expression in XXXX cells.

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity1735 :: ('CHEBI:16646', 'Chemical') :: ['carbohydrate']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on the expression of @entity20688 ( @entity20688 ) in the serum and expression of @entity28477 ( @entity28477 ) in the articular cartilage cells of @entity95 with @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: Inner patellar ligament defect method was used to establish the model of knee @entity571 . Four weeks after the modeling, the arterial blood was drawn from the ear of each @entity95 , while ELISA was employed to detect the expression of @entity20688 in the serum. The chondrocytes were separated from animals in each group and then cultured in  vitro. All @entity95 were divided into control group, @entity571 model group and @entity571  +  LIPUS group. Cells in the control and @entity571 groups were not treated, while cells in the @entity571  +  LIPUS group were treated with LIPUS (40  mW/cm(2), 1 time/day). Cells were collected 7  d later and the RNA and total protein were extracted respectively. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were employed to analyze the expression of @entity28477 in chondrocytes at the mRNA and protein level, respectively. RESULTS: The success rate of establishment of @entity571 model was 83%. The results of ELISA showed that the content of @entity20688 in the serum of animals with @entity571 was 22.3%, lower than the one in the control group (P  <  0.05). Compared with the normal control group, the expression of @entity20688 in the @entity571 model group was significantly increased, while the expression of @entity28477 was significantly increased (P  <  0.05). After the stimulation of LIPUS, the expression of @entity20688 and @entity28477 was close to the one in the normal control group. CONCLUSIONS: The inner patellar ligament defect method is a mature method to establish the @entity95 @entity571 model, with high success rate. The expression of serum @entity20688 in the @entity571 model group is significantly decreased. LIPUS can up-regulate @entity20688 and down-regulate @entity28477 .

title: Effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on expression of @entity20688 in serum and expression of @entity28477 in articular cartilage of XXXX with @entity626 .

entities_list: @entity20688 :: ('100008689(Tax:9986)', 'Gene') :: ['TIMP-2', 'tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2']

entities_list: @entity626 :: ('MESH:D020370', 'Disease') :: ['knee osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity95 :: ('9986', 'Species') :: ['rabbits', 'rabbit']

answer: @entity95 :: (9986,Species) :: ['rabbits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity633 (>30 mg/day) based on 24 h urine albumin excretion is one of the criteria for @entity740 ( @entity740 ) and a predictor of @entity65 ( @entity65 ). Differences in urine albumin concentration and @entity1011 excretion rates between Indo-Asians and other populations may require different threshold values for detection of @entity633 . We compared the use of spot urine albumin concentration and urine albumin to @entity1011 excretion ratio for detection of @entity633 in this population. METHODS: A total of 577 subjects aged >or=40 years, 54% of whom were @entity1 , were recruited from the general population in Karachi, Pakistan. Albumin concentration (mg/l) and albumin to @entity1011 ratio (mg/g of @entity1011 ) were determined in a spot morning urine sample, and @entity633 (30 mg/day or greater) measured in a 24 h urine collected on the subsequent day. RESULTS: The median (25-75 percentile) of urine albumin excretion was 4.8 (3.6-10.3) mg/day: 5.4 (3.7-12.5) mg/day in @entity1 and 4.5 (3.8-8.9) mg/day in @entity1 . The overall prevalence (95% CI) of @entity633 was 11.8% (7.2-12.0%): 14.8% in @entity1 and 9.2% in @entity1 (P = 0.04). The areas under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves for urine albumin concentration were 0.86 (0.82-0.90) and 0.88 (0.84-0.92), respectively, in @entity1 and @entity1 . The areas under the ROC curves for albumin to @entity1011 ratio were 0.86 (0.82-0.89) and 0.90 (0.86-0.93), respectively, in @entity1 and @entity1 . For urine albumin concentration, the sensitivity and specificity were 37 and 97%, respectively, in @entity1 and 69 and 94%, respectively, in @entity1 at the conventionally recommended value of 2 mg/dl. The discriminator value of urine albumin concentration identified in the analysis was 0.5 mg/dl in @entity1 (sensitivity of 87% and specificity of 75%) and 1.7 mg/dl in @entity1 (sensitivity of 74% and specificity of 93%). For the albumin to @entity1011 ratio, the sensitivity and specificity were 46 and 95%, respectively, in @entity1 and 60 and 97%, respectively, in @entity1 at cut-off value of 30 mg/g. CONCLUSION: Both urine albumin concentration and albumin to @entity1011 ratio are acceptable tests for population screening for @entity633 in Indo-Asians. While sensitivities may be suboptimal, particularly in @entity1 , lowering the existing thresholds would compromise specificity. Those who screen positive need evaluation and management of @entity740 and prevention of @entity65 .

title: Use of albumin @entity1011 ratio and urine albumin concentration as a screening test for XXXX in an Indo-Asian population.

entities_list: @entity740 :: ('MESH:D051436', 'Disease') :: ['CKD', 'chronic kidney disease']

entities_list: @entity633 :: ('MESH:D000419', 'Disease') :: ['albuminuria', 'Albuminuria']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity65 :: ('MESH:D002318', 'Disease') :: ['CVD', 'cardiovascular disease']

answer: @entity633 :: (MESH:D000419,Disease) :: ['albuminuria']


abstract: Inhibition of osteoblast-mediated mineralization is one of the major catabolic effects of @entity10173 ( @entity10173 ) on bone. Previously, we showed that @entity10173 induces matrix @entity16699 ( @entity9984 ) protein ( @entity45818 ) expression and established that this induction is critical for @entity10173 -mediated inhibition of osteoblast mineralization. In the present study, we focus on the mechanism through which @entity10173 regulates @entity45818 expression in osteoblastic @entity19 cells. Following transient transfection of these cells with a -748 bp @entity19 @entity45818 promoter-luciferase construct (pMGP-luc), @entity10173 (10 (-7) M) induced promoter activity in a time-dependent manner with a maximal four- to six fold induction seen 6 h after @entity10173 treatment. Both @entity9501 (PKA inhibitor) and @entity5732 ( @entity13438 inhibitor), suppressed @entity10173 induction of @entity45818 promoter activity as well as the @entity45818 mRNA level. In addition, @entity1928 (PKA activator) stimulated @entity45818 promoter activity and mRNA levels confirming that PKA is one of the signaling molecules required for regulation of @entity45818 by @entity10173 . Co-transfection of @entity19 cells with pMGP-luc and @entity13438 (SP), a plasmid encoding the constitutively active form of @entity13438 , led to a dose-dependent increase in @entity45818 promoter activity. Both @entity45818 promoter activity and @entity45818 mRNA level were not affected by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, @entity11009 . However, @entity1359 ( @entity4515 ), a selective PKC activator induced @entity45818 mRNA expression through activation of @entity13436 ( @entity13436 ). Taken together, these results indicate that @entity10173 regulates @entity45818 via both PKA- and @entity13436 -dependent pathways.

title: Regulation of matrix Gla protein by XXXX in @entity19 osteoblast-like cells involves protein kinase A and @entity13436 pathways.

entities_list: @entity1359 :: ('CHEBI:37537', 'Chemical') :: ['phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate']

entities_list: @entity16699 :: ('MESH:D015055', 'Chemical') :: ['gamma-carboxyglutamic acid']

entities_list: @entity13436 :: ('26413(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['ERK', 'extracellular signal-regulated kinase']

entities_list: @entity1928 :: ('MESH:D005576', 'Chemical') :: ['forskolin']

answer: @entity10173 :: (19226(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['parathyroid hormone']


abstract: Four @entity1 and six @entity1 with symptomatic solitary @entity99 were encountered over an 11-year period. Average age was 49 years (range, 10 months to 67 years). Most common clinical features included @entity158 , a palpable RUQ mass and early postprandial satiety. Liver function studies were uniformly normal. Ultrasound and computerized tomography CT were virtually diagnostic alone or in combination. Eight @entity1 had unilocular, simple cysts and two @entity1 had multilocular complex cysts also designated as @entity9296 . Cysts recurred in four @entity1 treated surgically by needle aspiration, incision, and internal drainage or external catheter drainage. All four @entity1 required reoperation, which included @entity99 in three @entity1 and extensive unroofing in one @entity1 . No cysts have recurred in six @entity1 treated by extensive unroofing or excision of the cyst and none has required reoperation. One @entity1 who underwent @entity99 for cyst recurrence after an inadequate primary procedure was found to have an unsuspected @entity189 in the cyst wall. The conclusion is that extensive unroofing of unilocular solitary @entity99 minimizes the likelihood of cyst recurrence and obviates the need for hepatic resection. Total cyst excision is indicated for all multiloculated cysts to avoid overlooking a @entity9296 or for unilocular cysts if the biopsy specimen of the cyst wall demonstrates an unsuspected @entity5 .

title: Optimizing surgical management of symptomatic solitary XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic lobectomy', 'hepatic cysts']

entities_list: @entity9296 :: ('MESH:D003537', 'Disease') :: ['biliary cystadenomas', 'biliary cystadenoma']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic cysts']


abstract: Chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. In the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata) and broccoli ( @entity5598 . italica) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome doubling of these populations, the artificial chromosome doubling induced by @entity3812 , and the influence of tissue culture duration on the chromosomal ploidy of the microspore-derived regenerants. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred randomly and was genotype dependent. In the plant populations derived from microspores, there were haploids, diploids, and even a low frequency of polyploids and mixed-ploidy plantlets. The total spontaneous doubling in the 14 cabbage populations ranged from 0 to 76.9%, compared with 52.2 to 100% in the 15 broccoli populations. To improve the rate of chromosome doubling, an efficient and reliable artificial chromosome doubling protocol (i.e., the immersion of haploid plantlet roots in a @entity3812 solution) was developed for cabbage and broccoli microspore-derived haploids. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with a solution of 0.2% @entity3812 for 9-12 h or 0.4% @entity3812 for 3-9 h for cabbage and 0.05% @entity3812 for 6-12 h for broccoli. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 50% of the haploid genotypes for most of the populations derived from cabbage and broccoli. Notably, after 1 or more years in tissue culture, the chromosomes of the haploids were doubled, and most of the haploids turned into doubled haploid or mixed-ploidy plants. This is the first report indicating that tissue culture duration can change the chromosomal ploidy of microspore-derived regenerants.

title: Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( @entity5598 . capitata L.) and Broccoli ( XXXX . italica L.).

entities_list: @entity5598 :: ('3712', 'Species') :: ['Brassica oleracea var']

entities_list: @entity3812 :: ('MESH:D003078', 'Chemical') :: ['colchicine']

answer: @entity5598 :: (3712,Species) :: ['Brassica oleracea var']