abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between height ratio of the iliac crest to L4 (HR), width ratio of the iliac crest to L4 (WR) and L5-S1 @entity1797 . METHODS: On T2-weighted sagittal images of the 50 randomly selected @entity1 , two observers graded L5-S1 discs and some other parameters were measured. Then, @entity7303 ( @entity7303 ) of the L5-S1 nucleus pulposus was calculated. On anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the same 50 @entity1 ' lumbar spine, the parameters such as the height of the iliac crest were measured and then HR and WR were calculated. Finally, HR, WR and the percentage of the sROM of L5-S1 in L1-S1 segments of the other 51 randomly selected @entity1 were calculated. RESULTS: Positive correlations were found between HR, WR and @entity7303 of the L5-S1 disc. Negative correlations were found between HR, WR and modified Pfirrmann scores of L5-S1 nucleus pulposus. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between HR and the percentage of sROM of L5-S1 in L1-S1 segments. CONCLUSIONS: Low HR and (or) WR were the risk factors for L5-S1 @entity1797 . High HR could reduce the percentage of sROM of L5-S1 in L1-S1 segments and high HR and (or) WR could reduce the incidence of L5-S1 @entity1797 .

title: L5-S1 XXXX and the anatomic parameters of the iliac crest: imaging study.

entities_list: @entity1797 :: ('MESH:D055959', 'Disease') :: ['disc degeneration']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity7303 :: ('MESH:C566796', 'Disease') :: ['RSI', 'relative signal intensity']

answer: @entity1797 :: (MESH:D055959,Disease) :: ['disc degeneration']


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has recently been suggested that non-reflex behavioral readouts, such as burrowing, may be used to evaluate the efficacy of analgesics in rodent models of @entity158 . OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether intraplantar Complete Freund's Adjuvant ( @entity3795 )-induced @entity158 reliably results in @entity51 which can be ameliorated by clinically efficacious analgesics as previously suggested. METHODS: Uni- or bilateral intraplantar @entity3795 injections were performed in male @entity35 Han @entity35 . The time- and concentration-response of @entity51 and the ability of various analgesics to reinstate burrowing performance were studied. An anxiolytic was also tested to evaluate the motivational cue that drives this behavior. RESULTS: @entity51 were dependent on the concentration of @entity3795 injected, most pronounced 24h after @entity3795 injections and even more pronounced after bilateral compared with unilateral injections. @entity12698 and @entity5018 reversed @entity3795 -induced @entity51 whereas @entity3352 failed to significantly reinstate burrowing performance. @entity1286 and @entity1340 failed to reinstate burrowing performance, but sedation was observed in control @entity35 at doses thought to be efficacious. An antibody directed against the nerve growth factor significantly improved @entity3795 -induced @entity51 . Neither @entity2682 nor the anxiolytic @entity3175 reinstated burrowing performance and the opportunity to find shelter did not modify burrowing performance. CONCLUSION: Burrowing is an innate behavior reliably exhibited by @entity35 . It is suppressed in a model of @entity158 and differently reinstated by clinically efficacious analgesics that lack motor impairing side effects, but not an anxiolytic, suggesting that this assay is suitable for the assessment of analgesic efficacy of novel drugs.

title: Pharmacological characterization of intraplantar Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced XXXX .

entities_list: @entity12698 :: ('MESH:C105934', 'Chemical') :: ['Celecoxib']

entities_list: @entity1340 :: ('MESH:D014147', 'Chemical') :: ['tramadol']

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['diazepam']

entities_list: @entity2682 :: ('MESH:C040029', 'Chemical') :: ['gabapentin']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['burrowing deficits', 'Burrowing deficits']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory pain', 'pain']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['Morphine']

entities_list: @entity3352 :: ('MESH:D007213', 'Chemical') :: ['indomethacin']

answer: @entity51 :: (MESH:D009461,Disease) :: ['burrowing deficits']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mixed @entity386 share both central and obstructive components and are often treated as if they are obstructive events. The hypothesis is that @entity1 with @entity27 ( @entity18130 ) who exhibit a majority of mixed @entity386 will differ in ventilatory control from those with predominantly obstructive @entity386 during wakefulness; moreover, this difference could affect nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence. METHODS: In a retrospectively derived case-control study, 5 min of respiratory inductance plethysmography signals during wakefulness prior to sleep onset were extracted from a diagnostic polysomnogram in these groups: (1) mixed @entity386 -dominant @entity18130 (mix- @entity18130 ) (n = 36), (2) obstructive @entity386 -dominant @entity18130 ( @entity18130 ) (n = 20), (3) central @entity387 (pure-CSAS) (n = 6), and (4) control subjects (n = 10). Breathing patterning was compared between the groups using the coefficient of variation (CV) for breath-to-breath inspiration time (TI), expiration time (TE), TI + TE (Ttot), and tidal volume, and an information theory-based metric of signal pattern variability (sample entropy). Subsequent CPAP adherence over 12 months was determined in @entity18130 groups. RESULTS: Breath-to-breath CV parameters and sample entropy in the mix- @entity18130 group were significantly greater as compared with the @entity18130 and control groups. In a subanalysis, CV and sample entropy were similar in the mix- @entity18130 and the pure-CSAS groups. CPAP adherence was significantly poorer in mix- @entity18130 compared with @entity18130 . CONCLUSIONS: During wakefulness, both breath patterning and sample entropy in mix- @entity18130 are similar to pure-CSAS and more variable than in @entity18130 . In addition, CPAP adherence was decreased in @entity1 with mix- @entity18130 , which may be related to basic differences in respiratory control.

title: Differences in breathing patterning during wakefulness in XXXX with mixed @entity27 .

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['apnea-dominant sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea syndrome']

entities_list: @entity386 :: ('MESH:D001049', 'Disease') :: ['apnea', 'apneas']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1561 ( @entity1561 ) is now the most common cause of chronic @entity409 among @entity1 and adolescents in the developed world. @entity7727 , as a @entity5498 donor, recently has been demonstrated to exert its hepatoprotective effects through rectifying the genomic DNA hypomethylation state. However, whether betaine supplementation affects @entity33726 (m(6)A) mRNA methylation in @entity1561 is still unknown. We conducted the current study to investigate the effects of betaine supplementation during adolescence on high-fat diet-induced pathological changes in liver of @entity19 , and we further identified the effects of betaine supplementation on expression of the fat mass and @entity28 -associated gene ( @entity36233 ) and hepatic m(6)A mRNA methylation. Our results showed that betaine supplementation across adolescence significantly alleviated high-fat-induced @entity409 and morphology as well as ectopic fat accumulation. Surprisingly, no significant effects on serum TG and NEFA level, as well as fat mass, were observed in @entity19 supplemented with betaine. We also found that high-fat diet upregulated @entity50593 and FAS gene expression and downregulated @entity28985 and @entity65068 gene expression. However, these alterations were rectified by betaine supplementation. Moreover, an m(6)A hypomethylation state and increased @entity36233 expression were detected in @entity19 fed with high-fat diet, while betaine supplementation prevented these changes. Our results suggested that betaine supplementation during adolescence could protect @entity19 from high-fat-induced @entity1561 by decreasing de novo lipogenesis and increasing lipolysis. Furthermore, a novel @entity36233 -dependent function of m(6)A may involve in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine.

title: @entity36233 -dependent function of XXXX is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of betaine on adolescent @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['obesity']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['impairment of liver function', 'liver disease']

entities_list: @entity1561 :: ('MESH:D065626', 'Disease') :: ['NAFLD', 'Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease']

entities_list: @entity33726 :: ('MESH:C010223', 'Chemical') :: ['N6-methyladenosine']

answer: @entity33726 :: (MESH:C010223,Chemical) :: ['N6-methyladenosine']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small studies suggest an association of donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (DSAs) with @entity177 (GF) following haploidentical stem cell transplantation, but primary graft rejection (GR) was not discriminated from primary poor graft function (PGF). In this study, we aimed to determine the association of DSAs with primary GF, including GR and PGF, in @entity1 who underwent unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation. METHODS: A total of 345 subjects were prospectively recruited and randomly selected as training group (n   =   173) and validation group (n   =   172). Patient plasma/serum was screened. For HLA antibody positive samples with a median fluorescent intensity (MFI) >500, DSAs were further tested using a LABScreen Single Antigen Kit (One Lambda). RESULTS: A total of 342 @entity1 (99.1  %) achieved sustained myeloid engraftment. The median times to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were 13  days (range, 8-28 days) and 18  days (range, 6-330 days), respectively. The cumulative incidence of primary GF was 6.4        1.3  % and included GR (0.9        0.5  %) and PGF (5.5        1.2  %). Of the 345 cases tested, 39 (11.3  %) were DSA positive. Multivariate models showed that DSAs (MFI   >=    10,000) were correlated to primary GR (P   <   0.001) and that DSAs (MFI   >=    2000) were strongly associated with primary PGF (P   =   0.005). All @entity1 were classified into three groups for analysis. Group A included cases that were DSA negative and those with a DSA MFI <2000 (n   =   316), group B included cases with a 2000    <=   MFI   <   10,000 (n   =   19), and group C included cases with a MFI >= 10,000 (n   =   10). The DSAs were associated with an increased incidence of the primary GF (3.2 vs. 31.6 vs. 60  %, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, P   <   0.001), transplant-related mortality (TRM) rate (17.2 vs. 14.7 vs. 33.3  %, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, P   =   0.022), and inferior overall survival ( @entity3012 , 77.3 vs. 85.3 vs. 44.4  %, for groups A, B, and C, respectively, P   =   0.015). The primary GF was independently associated with a higher incidence of TRM (P   <   0.001), inferior disease-free survival (P   <   0.001), and @entity3012 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The findings confirmed the effect of DSAs on primary GF, including GR and PGF, and survival. Our results suggest incorporating DSAs in the algorithm for haploidentical donor selection.

title: Donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies were associated with XXXX after unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplantation: a prospective study with randomly assigned training and validation sets.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['primary graft failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['primary graft failure']


abstract: A novel formulation of @entity19459 concentrate, a plasma product used in the treatment of @entity1659 ( @entity1659 ), was studied in a clinical trial for similarity in pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with the reference product. Direct trial data were limited given the availability of @entity1 , and therefore a modeling approach was used to study similarity. Type I error of the study was evaluated using simulations based on retrospective data. A population PK modeling analysis was performed on data from the trial. Analysis of variance was carried out on results of a noncompartmental PK analysis (NCA) of the clinical data. Simulations showed that type I error was inflated to 62% (P < .05) when bioequivalence criteria (confidence intervals within 80%-125%) were adhered to strictly. In the clinical trial, 13 @entity1659 @entity1 were evaluable. The population PK analysis showed no significant differences in PK parameters, whereas confidence intervals for all parameters were within 80% to 125%. The relative differences in area under the curve, incremental recovery, and mean residence time estimated using NCA were all close to 1. The novel formulation showed similar PK characteristics to the original formulation. The model-based approach showed that strict criteria for PK comparison could not be applied in this analysis.

title: Model-based evaluation of similarity in pharmacokinetics of two formulations of the blood-derived plasma product XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1659 :: ('MESH:D054179', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary angioedema', 'HAE']

entities_list: @entity19459 :: ('710', 'Gene') :: ['C1 esterase inhibitor']

answer: @entity19459 :: (710,Gene) :: ['c1 esterase inhibitor']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1743 leads to limited hip motion, @entity158 and progressive damage to the labrum. Assessment of the amount and location of excessive ossification can be difficult, and removal does not always lead to @entity158 relief and an increase of function. One of the challenges ahead is to discover why certain cases have poor outcomes. CASE PRESENTATION: The technical and clinical results of two consecutive arthroscopic shavings of an osseous cam protrusion are described in our @entity1 , a 50-year-old Caucasian @entity1 with complaints of @entity1743 . At 12 weeks after the first arthroscopic shaving, our @entity1 still experienced @entity158 . Using a range of motion simulation system based on computed tomography images the kinematics of his hip joint were analyzed. Bone that limited range of motion was removed in a second arthroscopic procedure. At six months post-operatively our @entity1 is almost @entity158 free and has regained a range of motion to a functional level. CONCLUSION: This case demonstrates the relevance of range of motion simulation when the outcome of primary arthroscopic management is unsatisfactory. Such simulations may aid clinicians in determining the gain of a second operation. This claim is supported by the correlation of the simulations with clinical outcome, as shown in this case report.

title: XXXX and its implications on range of motion: a case report.

entities_list: @entity1743 :: ('MESH:D057925', 'Disease') :: ['femoroacetabular impingement', 'Femoroacetabular impingement']

answer: @entity1743 :: (MESH:D057925,Disease) :: ['Femoroacetabular impingement']


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity409 ( @entity409 ) measurement using transient elastography can accurately assess the degree of @entity1575 , which is associated with the risk of the development of @entity157 ( @entity157 ). We investigated whether @entity409 values could predict @entity157 de novo recurrence after radiofrequency ablation (RFA). METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter study analyzed 111 @entity1 with @entity157 who underwent RFA and @entity409 measurement using transient elastography between May 2005 and April 2011. All @entity1 were followed until March 2013 to monitor for @entity157 recurrence. RESULTS: This study included 76 @entity1 and 35 @entity1 with a mean age of 62.4 years, and the mean @entity409 value was 21.2 kPa. During the follow-up period (median 22.4 months), 47 (42.3%) @entity1 experienced @entity157 de novo recurrence, and 18 (16.2%) died. @entity1 with recurrence had significantly more frequent liver @entity82 , more frequent history of previous treatment for @entity157 , higher total @entity648 , larger spleen size, larger total @entity5 size, higher @entity5 number, higher @entity409 values, and lower platelet counts than those without recurrence (all P<0.05). On multivariate analysis, together with previous anti- @entity157 treatment history, @entity1 with @entity409 values >13.0 kPa were at significantly greater risk for recurrence after RFA, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 3.115 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.238-7.842, P<0.05). Moreover, @entity409 values independently predicted the mortality after RFA, with a HR of 9.834 (95% CI, 1.148-84.211, P<0.05), together with total @entity648 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity409 measurement is a useful predictor of @entity157 de novo recurrence and overall survival after RFA.

title: Use of transient elastography to predict de novo recurrence after radiofrequency ablation for XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['cirrhosis']

entities_list: @entity648 :: ('MESH:D001663', 'Chemical') :: ['bilirubin']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['Liver stiffness', 'LS']

entities_list: @entity1575 :: ('MESH:D008103', 'Disease') :: ['liver fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'hepatocellular carcinoma']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: A high-throughput growth assay for the protozoan parasite @entity3204 was developed based on a highly fluorescent transgenic parasite line. These parasites are stably transfected with a tandem yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and are 1,000 times more fluorescent than the wild type. Parasites were inoculated in optical-bottom 384-well culture plates containing a confluent monolayer of host cells, and growth was monitored by using a fluorescence plate reader. The signal was linearly correlated with parasite numbers over a wide array. Direct comparison of the YFP growth assay with the beta-galactosidase growth assay by using parasites expressing both reporters demonstrated that the assays' sensitivities were comparable but that the accuracy of the YFP assay was higher, especially at higher numbers of parasites per well. Determination of the 50%-inhibitory concentrations of three known growth-inhibiting drugs ( @entity11119 , @entity4765 , and @entity3402 ) resulted in values comparable to published data. The delayed parasite @entity204 kinetics of @entity3402 could be measured without modification of the assay, making this assay very versatile. Additionally, the temperature-dependent effect of @entity4765 was assayed in both wild-type and engineered drug-resistant parasites. Lastly, the development of @entity3442 resistance after transfection of a resistance gene in @entity3204 was followed. In conclusion, the YFP growth assay limits pipetting steps to a minimum, is highly versatile and amendable to automation, and should enable rapid screening of compounds to fulfill the need for more efficient and less toxic antiparasitic drugs.

title: High-throughput growth assay for XXXX using yellow fluorescent protein.

entities_list: @entity3442 :: ('MESH:D009173', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolic acid']

entities_list: @entity11119 :: ('MESH:D015638', 'Chemical') :: ['cytochalasin D']

entities_list: @entity4765 :: ('MESH:D011739', 'Chemical') :: ['pyrimethamine']

entities_list: @entity3402 :: ('MESH:D002981', 'Chemical') :: ['clindamycin']

entities_list: @entity3204 :: ('5811', 'Species') :: ['T. gondii', 'Toxoplasma gondii']

answer: @entity3204 :: (5811,Species) :: ['Toxoplasma gondii']


abstract: We conducted a meta-analysis to assess the performance of PCR for the diagnosis of smear-negative @entity1907 (SPT) and to identify factors that account for differences in the diagnostic accuracy of different studies. Studies published before February 2002 were included if sensitivity and specificity of PCR in smear-negative respiratory or gastric-aspirate specimens could be calculated. Analysis was conducted by using summary receiver operating characteristics models. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 9 to 100% and from 25 to 100%, respectively. Fewer than 40% of the 50 studies reported results by number of @entity1 , reported clinical characteristics of @entity1 , or used as a reference standard combined culture and clinical criteria. Studies that included bronchial specimens showed higher accuracy than studies that evaluated only sputum specimens or included gastric aspirates. Studies that did not report that tests were applied blindly showed higher accuracy than those reporting blind testing. Increased sensitivity due to the use of DNA purification methods was associated with decreased specificity. Studies published after 1995, using Amplicor or @entity1977 -UNG, were associated with an increase in specificity at the expense of lower sensitivity. We concluded that PCR is not consistently accurate enough to be routinely recommended for the diagnosis of SPT. However, PCR of bronchial specimens could be useful in highly suspicious SPT cases. Studies not reporting blind testing are likely to overestimate accuracy of PCR. Future evaluation of PCR accuracy should be conducted by @entity1 and type of respiratory specimen, blindly, by using a reference standard that combines culture and clinical criteria and addresses the issue of how @entity1 characteristics affect PCR accuracy.

title: Assessment by meta-analysis of PCR for diagnosis of smear-negative XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1907 :: ('MESH:D014397', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']

answer: @entity1907 :: (MESH:D014397,Disease) :: ['pulmonary tuberculosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the early clinical results of keratoconic eyes treated with transepithelial iontophoresis corneal collagen cross-linking (i-CXL) within 1 year. METHODS: Propective nonrandomized study. Twenty-three eyes of 23 @entity1 with progressive @entity9042 with minimum corneal thickness from 380   m to 420   m (including the epithelium) were included in this prospective, nonrandomized clinical study and treated with i-CXL. Scoring of @entity158 , slit lamp examination, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), corneal topography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), in vivo corneal confocal microscopy and endothelial cell count were assessed before surgery and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months (m) postoperatively. Paired t test was applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Moderate @entity158 were reported by most @entity1 on postoperative Day (D) 1, but rapidly decreased and eventually disappeared on D3. Mild epithelial damage was observed on D1, and the epithelium fully recovered on D3. Improvement of UCVA and BCVA were recorded at 3 months and 12 months postoperatively. Orbscan II corneal topography revealed the significant reductions of Kmax and @entity28680 from 3m to 12m (Kmax, t = 2.912, P < 0.01, @entity28680 , t = 2.508, P < 0.05) postoperatively while the other parameters remained stable. The Kmax and @entity28680 at 12m was (52.94    4.87) and (46.78    3.71) respectively, while the preoperative values was (54.37    5.56) and (48.53    3.57) respectively. Within 1m postoperatively, AS-OCT exhibited an increase of reflectance with a white line (demarcation line) in the anterior stroma, in vivo confocal microscopy also showed the significant thickening and increased connections of collagen fibers with maximal depth of about 133   m. The corneal endothelial cell density remained stable (t = 0.915, P > 0.05). None of the @entity1 showed @entity260 such as @entity281 , scarring, @entity1066 , persistent epithelial defect, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Priliminary clinical results within 1 year postoperatively demonstrated the efficacy and safety of i-CXL for the management of progressive @entity9042 . This technique was applicable for keratoconic eyes with minimum corneal thickness around 400   m. i-CXL showed the advantage of short time consuming in surgery, rapid recovery and few complication, and has the potential to become a valid alternative for the treatment of @entity9042 .

title: [Transepithelial iontophoresis corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive XXXX : one year results].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['corneal infection']

entities_list: @entity9042 :: ('MESH:D007640', 'Disease') :: ['keratoconus']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain and foreign body sensation']

answer: @entity9042 :: (MESH:D007640,Disease) :: ['keratoconus']


abstract: PURPOSE: To our knowledge the optimal analgesia during prostate biopsy remains undetermined. We tested the efficacy and safety of combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 280 @entity1 were randomized to receive combined perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 (group 1), perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream alone (group 2), @entity616 alone (group 3) or no anesthesia (group 4) before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. @entity158 was evaluated with a 10-point visual analog scale at subsequent procedural steps, including perianal-intrarectal substance administration, prostate transrectal ultrasound, @entity616 and sampling. Complications were assessed by self-administered questionnaire and telephone interview. RESULTS: The groups were comparable in @entity1 age, prostate volume, pathology results and visual analog scale perianal-intrarectal substance administration. Visual analog scale results for transrectal ultrasound were lower in groups 1 and 2 vs 3 and 4 (mean 1.5 and 1.41 vs 5.37 and 5.31, p <0.001) and results for @entity616 were lower in group 1 vs 3 (mean 1.03 vs 3.74, p <0.001). Results for sampling were lower in groups 1 to 3 vs 4 (mean 0.77, 1.27 and 1.27 vs 4.33, p <0.001) and in group 1 vs 2 and 3 (p <0.001). Stratified analysis showed that visual analog scale sampling was lower in group 1 vs 2 and 3 in @entity1 65 years old or younger, those with a prostate greater than 49 cc and those with lower anorectal compliance (visual analog scale results for perianal-intrarectal substance administration greater than 2) (p = 0.006, <0.001 and 0.003, respectively). The overall complication rate was similar in all 4 groups (p = 0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and @entity616 provides better @entity158 control than the 2 modalities alone during the sampling part of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy with no increase in the complication rate. The magnitude of this effect is higher in younger @entity1 , @entity1 with a larger prostate and @entity1 with lower anorectal compliance.

title: Combination of perianal-intrarectal @entity3303 - @entity5403 cream and XXXX for @entity158 control during transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a randomized, controlled trial.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5403 :: ('MESH:D011318', 'Chemical') :: ['prilocaine']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['lidocaine']

entities_list: @entity616 :: ('MESH:D006327', 'Disease') :: ['periprostatic nerve block']

answer: @entity616 :: (MESH:D006327,Disease) :: ['periprostatic nerve block']


abstract: Lipid hydrolysis with subsequent production of @entity1813 and lipid peroxidation are two of the earliest potentially pathochemical events induced in spinal cord tissue by mechanical @entity130 . Although these membrane lipid disturbances are thought to contribute to the @entity912 that occur subsequent to @entity1566 , such a correlation has not been demonstrated directly. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to test the capacity of alpha @entity4793 , the major lipid antioxidant in cellular membranes and a compound that limits the injury-induced lipid hydrolysis and peroxidation in spinal cord tissue, to promote functional recovery in a static loading model of @entity1566 . After laminectomy, the L2 spinal cord of @entity468 was compressed with 180 g for 5 min. For 5 days before injury and for 5 days postinjury, treated @entity468 received orally 1000 IUD-alpha @entity4793 daily. Control @entity468 were similarly injured but untreated. All @entity468 were blindly evaluated weekly for 4 weeks for their neurologic recovery based on an 11 point behavioral scale that assessed walking, running, and stair climbing. By the second postinjury week, alpha @entity4793 -pretreated @entity468 demonstrated significantly better recovery than untreated controls. By 4 weeks, treated @entity468 had recovered 72% of their preinjury function as compared with 20% for untreated controls, i.e., a 3.5-fold difference. These results strongly suggest that lipid peroxidation and/or hydrolysis is primarily involved in the genesis of posttraumatic @entity912 and that alpha @entity4793 exerts its protection of injured spinal cord tissue, at least in part, by its antioxidant and/or antilipolytic activity.

title: Pretreatment with alpha XXXX enhances neurologic recovery after experimental spinal cord compression injury.

entities_list: @entity4793 :: ('MESH:D024505', 'Chemical') :: ['tocopherol', 'tocopherol acetate']

entities_list: @entity1566 :: ('MESH:D013119', 'Disease') :: ['spinal cord injury']

entities_list: @entity1813 :: ('MESH:D015777', 'Chemical') :: ['eicosanoids']

entities_list: @entity912 :: ('MESH:D010243', 'Disease') :: ['paralysis']

answer: @entity4793 :: (MESH:D024505,Chemical) :: ['tocopherol']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the microvascular blood flow response to wounding is predominantly vasodilation at skin sites with nutritive capillary perfusion (NUTR), there is a significant vasoconstrictive response at sites with high arteriovenous perfusion (AV). There may be a difference between NUTR and AV sites in the vasoactive factors which mediate the blood flow response to wounding. We measured the levels of mRNA expression of several potential mediators of the blood flow response to assess this possible difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured skin blood flow at wounds placed at the back, a NUTR site, and at the paw, an AV site, in 12 @entity35 Kyoto @entity35 . Measurements were performed at baseline and then at 7 days post wounding. There was a significant increase in blood flow at back wound sites, with a rise from 4.1 +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 g to 9.8 +/- 1.9 ml/min/100 g. At the undisturbed wound perimeter, outside the zone of granulation tissue, flow rose to 7.3 +/- 1.1 ml/min/100 g. At the paw wound site, Day 0 flow was 8.8 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g. At 7 days, there was a significant decrease in flow at wound center to 5.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 g. We measured the levels of inducible @entity842 synthetase (iNOS), endothelin, endothelin receptor, @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ), and @entity11943 ( @entity11943 ) gene mRNAs using reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS: There was a 10-fold increase in NOS mRNA in granulation tissue of both wounds on Day 7. There was a lesser but still substantial increase in the wound perimeter tissue. Levels of endothelin mRNA in the wound and wound perimeter were significantly lower at the paw than at the back. At baseline, the level of endothelin receptor B (ETrB) mRNA was greater at the back than at the paw. Wounding resulted in a substantial increase in EtrB mRNA levels in granulation tissue, reaching the same level at the back and paw wounds. There was also a substantial rise in EtrB mRNA levels at the paw wound perimeter, so that there was a reversal of the baseline condition, with paw levels actually surpassing the levels at the back perimeter. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we have found significant changes in mediators both of vasoconstriction and vasodilation affecting the @entity446 wound. These changes affect NUTR and AV sites in different ways. These results demonstrate the complexity of the regulatory processes controlling microvascular blood flow in wound @entity446 .

title: Skin blood flow response in the XXXX model of wound @entity446 : expression of vasoactive factors.

entities_list: @entity11943 :: ('29348(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['keratinocyte growth factor', 'KGF']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity6667 :: ('83785(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['vascular endothelial growth factor', 'VEGF']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the association of concomitant @entity2735 ( @entity2735 ) with disease recurrence and @entity5 in a multi-institutional series of @entity1 treated with radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract @entity189 (UTUC). METHODS: We collected retrospectively the data of 772 @entity1 treated with RNU and ipsilateral bladder cuff excision at 9 international institutions in Asia, Europe, and Northern America from 1987 to 2008. Surgical specimens were processed according to standard pathologic procedures at each institution. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models addressed time to recurrence and @entity5 -specific mortality. RESULTS: Concomitant @entity2735 was present in 88 @entity1 (11.4%); it was associated with more advanced pathologic stage, higher @entity5 grade, and presence of @entity3 (all P-values  <  0.05). The five-year recurrence-free ( @entity4434 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) estimates were 74.4 and 76.3%, respectively, in the absence of @entity2735 compared with 56.4 and 59.9%, respectively, in the presence of @entity2735 (P-values  <  0.0001 for @entity4434 and 0.002 for @entity5 , respectively). On multivariable Cox regression analyses, concomitant @entity2735 was an independent predictor of both @entity4434 (hazard ratio (HR): 1.9; P  =  0.007) and @entity5 (HR: 1.7, P  =  0.048). Similar findings were reconfirmed in subgroups analyses limited to T2, organ confined, and N0/Nx UTUC, or @entity1 who did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of concomitant @entity2735 is an independent predictor of both @entity4434 and @entity5 in @entity1 treated with RNU for UTUC. This information may be useful in risk stratification of UTUC @entity1 for follow-up and additional therapy.

title: Concomitant @entity2735 as an independent prognostic parameter for recurrence and survival in upper tract @entity189 : a multicenter analysis of 772 XXXX .

entities_list: @entity2735 :: ('MESH:D002278', 'Disease') :: ['CIS', 'carcinoma in situ']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer-related death', 'cancer', 'cancer-specific survival', 'CSS']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['urothelial carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['lymphovascular invasion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Intralesional surgery of @entity5 of the bone ( @entity1777 ) may result in a high rate of local recurrence. The introduction of local adjuvants, such as cementation, cryosurgery or phenolization, has proved to be successful in the reduction of recurrence rates. This study presents the results of a single institution in surgery of @entity1777 with an evolution in treatment strategies. MATERIAL _ METHODS: Forty primary and 25 recurrent surgical procedures in 46 @entity1 with @entity1777 of the bone with a median follow-up of 72 months were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age was 32.6 years (range 13.6-57.9 years). Forty-seven curettages and 18 resections were performed. For the curettages, a large bone window was cut followed by high speed burring and bone grafting or cementation. In 34 of 47 curettages and 7 of 18 resections, @entity3971 was additionally applied. RESULTS: Two @entity1 showed @entity358 , one died due to @entity3 . In total, a third of the @entity1 developed local recurrence (32.3%). This was evenly spread among primary and recurrent diesease (32.5% vs. 32%). Seven of 13 curettages without adjuvant recurred (53.9%), compared to 11 of 34 curettages with adjuvant @entity3971 (32.4%). Three of 18 resections developed a recurrence (16.7%). No complications in respect to the use of @entity3971 were seen. DISCUSSION: Phenolization is a safe local adjuvant therapy for @entity1777 . Although the recurrence rate was lower with the use of @entity3971 , this drop was not significant. The comparable high recurrence rate in our study, even if @entity3971 was used, might be due to the fact that curettage was our favoured treatment, even in cases with an extensive @entity5 . We recommend adjuvant phenolization in the treatment of @entity1777 of the bone after thorough curettage in applicable cases, including where cementation is used for defect filling.

title: The influence of adjuvants on local recurrence rate in XXXX of the bone.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['juxta-articular tumour', 'giant cell tumour']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary metastasis']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['giant cell tumour']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of implant failure is @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ), followed by @entity281 ( @entity281 ). This study evaluates the incidence of @entity281 among @entity1 operated with suspected @entity1349 and whether the diagnosis of @entity281 was predictive of subsequent implant failure including re- @entity281 , at 2  years of follow up. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty due to presumed @entity1349 from February 2009 to September 2011 were prospectively evaluated. A sonication fluid of prosthesis and tissue samples for microbiology and histopathology at the time of the surgery were collected. Implant failure include recurrent or persistent @entity281 , reoperation for any reason or need for chronic antibiotic suppression. RESULTS: Of 198 @entity1 with pre-and intraoperative diagnosis of @entity1349 , 24 (12.1  %) had postoperative diagnosis of @entity281 . After a follow up of 31  months (IQR: 21 to 38  months), 9 (37.5  %) of 24 @entity1 in the @entity281 group had implant failure compared to only 1 (1.1  %) in the 198 of @entity1349 group (p   <   0.0001). Sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture (>20  CFU) and peri-prosthetic tissue culture were 87.5  % vs 66.7  %, respectively. Specificities were 100  % for both techniques (95  % CI, 97.9-100  %). A greater number of @entity1 with @entity281 (79.1  %) had previous partial arthroplasty revisions than those @entity1 in the @entity1349 group (56.9  %) (p   =   0.04). In addition, 5 (55.5  %) @entity1 with @entity281 and implant failure had more revision arthroplasties during the first year after the last implant placement than those @entity1 with @entity281 without implant failure (1 @entity1 ; 6.7  %) (RR 3.8; 95  % CI 1.4-10.1; p   =   0.015). On the other hand, 6 (25  %) @entity1 finally diagnosed of @entity281 were initially diagnosed of @entity1349 in the first year after primary arthroplasty, whereas it was only 16 (9.2  %) @entity1 in the group of true @entity1349 (RR 2.7; 95  % CI 1.2-6.1; p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: More than one tenth of @entity1 with suspected @entity1349 are misdiagnosed @entity281 . Positive histology and positive peri-implant tissue and sonicate fluid cultures are highly predictive of implant failure in @entity1 with @entity281 . @entity1 with greater number of partial hip revisions for a presumed @entity1349 had more risk of @entity281 . Early loosening is more often caused by hidden @entity281 than late loosening.

title: 26Postoperative diagnosis and outcome in XXXX with revision arthroplasty for @entity1349 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection', 'prosthetic joint infection', 'PJI']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['AL', 'aseptic loosening']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: The aim of this study is to identify possible risks factors for the occurrence of @entity76 ( @entity76 ) in @entity1 with @entity5 . @entity1 diagnosed with posterior fossa @entity5 consecutively admitted to our institution between 2006 and 2008 were the subjects of this prospective study. Besides standard neurological and radiological evaluations, all @entity1 underwent thorough neuropsychological assessments at admission and following surgery. @entity1 under two or older than 16  years of age and those with a severe pre-operative clinical condition precluding neuropsychological assessment were excluded. Thirty-four @entity1 met the inclusion criteria. They were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 23 @entity1 with normal language on admission and group II had 11 @entity1 showing pre-operative @entity73 (PLI). PLI was observed in 11 @entity1 (32.4%: group II). Post-operatively, seven out of 34 @entity1 developed @entity76 (20.6%), all of them belonging to group II. In group II, indeed, the incidence of @entity76 was 63%. No case of @entity76 was observed in group I. PLI regressed after the operation in three out of the four subjects belonging to group II who did not develop @entity76 . PLI remained unchanged in the last @entity1 of this group. Posterior fossa @entity5 resection can have different effects on @entity1 with pre-existing @entity73 (PLI). PLI can be considered a subclinical state of @entity76 in some @entity1 with posterior fossa @entity5 . However, in some @entity1 with PLI, the @entity5 resection may improve the linguistic abilities, as well as the other neurocognitive performances. In the present series, @entity1 with normal pre-operative language function did not develop post-operative mutism.

title: @entity76 : evidence for pre-surgical XXXX as primary risk factor in posterior fossa surgery.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'child']

entities_list: @entity73 :: ('MESH:D003072', 'Disease') :: ['language impairment']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['posterior cranial fossa tumours', 'tumours', 'tumour']

entities_list: @entity76 :: ('MESH:D002526', 'Disease') :: ['CMS', 'cerebellar mutism syndrome']

answer: @entity73 :: (MESH:D003072,Disease) :: ['language impairment']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of nasal stents as a postoperative adjunct following repair of @entity16453 remains controversial. The study objective was to systematically review the literature regarding the efficacy and safety of stenting following transnasal endoscopic repair of bilateral @entity16453 . STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive search in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library was conducted. Inclusion criteria included articles written in the English language with five or more subjects and clear intervention data and outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened studies for eligibility, appraised the level of evidence, extracted data, and resolved discrepancies by consensus. Successful surgery was defined as the absence of restenosis. RESULTS: Of 154 identified studies, 15 met inclusion criteria. Levels of evidence varied from level 3 to 4. Mean age at surgery ranged from 5 days to 25 months. Thirteen studies (n   =   167 @entity1 ) included @entity1 who were stented; the weighted pooled proportion of successful surgery was 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 49-76%). Mean duration of stenting ranged from 48 hours to 16 weeks. Six studies (n   =   42) evaluated @entity1 who were not stented; the weighted pooled proportion of successful surgery was 64% (95% CI, 42-84%). Complications associated with stenting included @entity130 , @entity850 , columellar tear, and stent dislodgement or blockage. CONCLUSIONS: Success rates for bilateral @entity16453 repair were similar with and without the use of nasal stents. The use of nasal stents may be associated with more complications. There is insufficient data to determine if @entity1138 is a useful therapeutic adjunct. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: To stent or not to stent? A meta-analysis of endonasal congenital bilateral XXXX repair.

entities_list: @entity1138 :: ('MESH:D016685', 'Chemical') :: ['mitomycin C']

entities_list: @entity16453 :: ('MESH:D002754', 'Disease') :: ['choanal atresia']

entities_list: @entity850 :: ('MESH:D003251', 'Disease') :: ['vestibular stenosis']

entities_list: @entity130 :: ('MESH:D014947', 'Disease') :: ['alar injury']

answer: @entity16453 :: (MESH:D002754,Disease) :: ['choanal atresia']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is the effector cell in the bronchoconstrictory pathway. It is believed that the bronchoconstriction present in @entity565 is associated with changes in the airway milieu that affect ASM excitation-contraction coupling and @entity141 -handling. Asthmatics also react differently to ventilatory mechanical strain. Deep inspiration (DI), which produces bronchodilation in healthy individuals, is less effective in @entity748 , and even enhances bronchoconstriction in moderate to severely affected @entity1 . Our laboratory has previously studied the mechanotransductory pathway of airway stretch-activated contractions (Rstretch) leading to DI-induced bronchoconstriction. We demonstrated the ability of agonists acting through @entity2404 (TxA2) receptors to amplify airway Rstretch responses. Despite the involvement of excitatory @entity2918 in bronchoconstriction, clinical trials on treatments targeting TxA2-synthase inhibition and TP-receptor antagonism have produced mixed results. Studies in Western populations produced mostly negative results, whereas studies performed in Asian populations showed mostly positive outcomes. In this review, we discuss the role of TxA2-synthase inhibition and TP-receptor antagonism in the treatment of @entity748 . We present information regarding variations in study designs and the possible role of TP-receptor gene polymorphisms in previous study outcome discrepancies. Perhaps future studies should focus on @entity748 @entity1 with DI-induced bronchoconstriction in particular, planting the seed for the individualized treatments for @entity748 .

title: Revisiting the usefulness of @entity2404 modulation in the treatment of bronchoconstriction in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity748 :: ('MESH:D013224', 'Disease') :: ['asthmatic', 'asthmatics']

entities_list: @entity2404 :: ('MESH:D013928', 'Chemical') :: ['thromboxane A2']

entities_list: @entity2918 :: ('MESH:D011453', 'Chemical') :: ['prostanoids']

answer: @entity565 :: (MESH:D001249,Disease) :: ['asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study examined the incidence of, and variables associated with, relocation @entity130 among 85 @entity1 who moved from long-stay @entity146 wards to community care units as part of a hospital closure in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: Some @entity1 moved directly from wards and some moved first to transitional units on the hospital grounds. Preparation for the transition, such as visits to the community care unit before the move, was documented, and severity of symptoms, @entity146 , and preferences for living environments one month before and one month after the move were compared. Relocation @entity130 was measured one month after the move. After significant factors associated with @entity130 were determined, additional tests further discriminated these factors. RESULTS: Although 66 percent of @entity1 were happy with community care units one month after the move, 18 percent preferred hospital living. Of 81 @entity1 who had data on relocation @entity130 , 20, or 25 percent, met relocation @entity130 criteria. Preparation in a transitional unit reduced the likelihood of @entity130 , as did making six or more premove visits to the new facility and having a preparation period of more than 16 weeks. When preparation in a transitional unit, number of premove visits, and duration of preparation were considered together, only the number of premove visits and duration of preparation remained significantly associated with relocation @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: Adverse effects of relocation on long-stay @entity146 @entity1 may be minimized by the preparation of @entity1 over a period of four months or more, with inclusion of six or more visits to the new facility. Moving via a transitional environment is not essential.

title: Minimizing adverse effects on XXXX of involuntary relocation from long-stay wards to community residences.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['psychiatric', 'aggressive behaviors']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The SWAN (Strength and Weakness of @entity71 and Normal-behavior) Questionnaire is a short instrument suitable for screening attention @entity71 . Its completion by parents or teachers requires a few minutes. Positive re-wording of attention- and activity-related behaviors and the extended 7- point rating scale anchored to average behavior make the instrument especially suitable for normal populations. Here, we report the Hungarian version of SWAN and compare its scales with relevant scales of the @entity1 Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). METHOD: Questionnaire data were collected from parents of 156 six-year-old @entity1 in a community sample. Of the 156 @entity1 89 were @entity1 of the longitudinal Budapest @entity1 -Parent Study (BIPS). RESULTS: Internal consistency of the Hungarian SWAN scales was excellent (Cronbach alfa: 0.87-0.93), correlations with relevant CBCL and SDQ scales were as expected (0.40-0.49 and 0.67-0.74) showing that the short questionnaire was suitable for detection of attention and @entity2915 problems. SWAN scores in our sample were normally distributed and scale means were also similar to foreign studies. CONCLUSIONS: These initial Hungarian data confirm international experience with the SWAN. Psychometric indices, distribution of scale scores in the sample and across the sexes were consistent with foreign studies. Following collection of normative data, the Hungarian version of SWAN might be suitable for assessing mental health of @entity1 and adolescents, and for screening problem cases. Due to the wider range and the normal distribution of scores, SWAN provides a more suitable phenotype for genetic studies, than symptom scales.

title: [Screening childhood behavior problems using short questionnaires II.: The Hungarian version of the SWAN-scale (Strength and Weakness of @entity71 and Normal-behavior) for screening attention XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Child', 'children', 'Infant']

entities_list: @entity71 :: ('MESH:D001289', 'Disease') :: ['ADHD-symptoms', 'deficit/hyperactivity disorder']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

answer: @entity71 :: (MESH:D001289,Disease) :: ['deficit/hyperactivity disorder']


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the level of sICAM-1 in sera of @entity1378 and euthyroid @entity1 with @entity2743 and find correlation between thyroid function, anti-TSH receptor as well as anti-thyroid antibodies. Comparative determination of sICAM-1, TSH and thyroid hormones, anti-TSH receptor- as well as anti-thyroglobin-, anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies was made in sera of Graves' @entity1 . Thirty @entity1 with untreated @entity2743 (12 had @entity6875 ) were studied before and after @entity3937 treatment. sICAM-1 was measured by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies to @entity1 @entity2071 . The sICAM-1 was significantly elevated in @entity2743 ' @entity1 (738.9 +/- 151 ng/ml) compared to controls (212 +/- 42 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). Both in @entity1378 and euthyroid Graves' groups with @entity6875 the sICAM-1 proved to be higher than those without @entity6875 . Correlations were observed between sICAM-1 and serum @entity1955 , @entity1954 and anti-TSH receptor antibodies (r = 0.91, 0.83 and 0.61, respectively). There was, however, no association of serum @entity2071 levels with anti-thyroid peroxidase or anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. It was concluded that elevation of sICAM-1 can be the consequence of @entity1378 and the autoimmune processes mediated by anti-TSH receptor antibodies as well as cytokines. The elevated level of sICAM-1 might be important both in regulation of autoimmune mechanism and "homing" phenomenon of lymphocytes in @entity2743 .

title: Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity3937 :: ('MESH:D008713', 'Chemical') :: ['methimazole']

entities_list: @entity2743 :: ('MESH:D006111', 'Disease') :: ["Graves' disease", 'hyperthyroid Graves', "hyperthyroid Graves' disease"]

entities_list: @entity1955 :: ('MESH:D013974', 'Chemical') :: ['thyroxine']

entities_list: @entity1378 :: ('MESH:D006980', 'Disease') :: ['hyperthyroidism', 'hyperthyroid']

entities_list: @entity6875 :: ('MESH:D049970', 'Disease') :: ['infiltrative ophthalmopathy', 'ophthalmopathy']

entities_list: @entity1954 :: ('MESH:D014284', 'Chemical') :: ['triiodothyronine']

answer: @entity2743 :: (MESH:D006111,Disease) :: ['Graves' disease']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of childhood environment including exposure to infection via siblings and pets in @entity1744 ( @entity166 ) and @entity2210 is relatively unknown. We assessed proxy measures of microbial exposure in early childhood to assess if these are associated with @entity166 and functional @entity2210 in later life. METHODS: @entity1 (n  =  767, response rate  =  53%) were a random population sample from Sydney, Australia who previously responded to a validated survey. @entity166 and functional @entity2210 were defined using Rome III criteria. Early environmental risk factors assessed included type of birth delivery, premature birth, breastfeeding, bedroom sharing, and pet exposure (the latter two then combined as early hygiene factors) up to 5  years of age. Post infectious @entity166 ( @entity166 ) was assessed by development of @entity166 following @entity1902 . KEY RESULTS: In this sample, in adult life 17% developed @entity166 (of which 20% had @entity166 ) and 12% functional @entity2210 . Development of @entity166 was associated with childhood factors-a shorter duration of breastfeeding (odds ratios [OR]  =  0.87, 95% CI: 0.78-0.97, p  =  0.01), sharing a bedroom (OR  =  1.89, 95% CI: 1.73-3.08, p  =  0.01), exposure to a herbivore pet (OR  =  1.65 (1.10, 2.48), p  =  0.02), and hygiene factors (OR  =  4.39; 95% CI: 1.89-10.21, p  =  0.001). The sole factor associated with functional @entity2210 was exposure to a herbivore pet (1.79; 95% CI: 1.19-2.87, p  =  0.02). CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Childhood environment factors, particularly bedroom sharing and pet exposure, combined with subsequent risk of microbial exposure are a risk factor for @entity166 in later life. These associations however need confirmation to rule out any risk of a type I error.

title: Identification of early environmental risk factors for @entity1744 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants']

entities_list: @entity1902 :: ('MESH:D005759', 'Disease') :: ['gastroenteritis']

entities_list: @entity1744 :: ('MESH:D043183', 'Disease') :: ['irritable bowel syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2210 :: ('MESH:D004415', 'Disease') :: ['dyspepsia']

answer: @entity2210 :: (MESH:D004415,Disease) :: ['dyspepsia']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a possible mechanism underlying the partial virilization of a 46, XX @entity1 by a functional maternal @entity1636 ( @entity1636 ). METHODS: We performed immunocytochemical staining of @entity5 sections for luteinizing hormone (LH)/ @entity1 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity1465 ) receptors. In addition, related reports in the literature are discussed. RESULTS: A previously healthy mother developed a large @entity701 - and @entity342 -producing @entity5 that did not interfere with conception or early morphogenesis. The @entity5 eluded detection until after delivery of a partially virilized 46, XX female @entity1 with @entity4998 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity5 sections revealed overexpression of the LH/ @entity1465 receptor. Virilization of the genetically female fetus may have resulted from @entity1465 -stimulated steroid secretion by the @entity1636 . CONCLUSION: Because @entity699 and @entity3428 are associated with menstrual disturbances and @entity2208 , pregnancy in @entity1 with functional @entity5 is uncommon. Rarely, maternal @entity134 excess from a functional @entity5 has caused 46, XX disordered sex differentiation. This unusual case demonstrates the influence of @entity1465 on the functionality of an @entity1636 and demonstrates the rare phenomenon of virilization of a female @entity1 by a functional maternal @entity5 .

title: Virilization of a female XXXX by a maternal @entity1636 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'infant']

entities_list: @entity2208 :: ('MESH:D000022', 'Disease') :: ['spontaneous abortion']

entities_list: @entity4998 :: ('MESH:D012734', 'Disease') :: ['ambiguous genitalia']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'stage III adrenal tumor', 'adrenal tumors', 'adrenal tumor']

entities_list: @entity3428 :: ('MESH:D017588', 'Disease') :: ['hyperandrogenism']

entities_list: @entity699 :: ('MESH:D003480', 'Disease') :: ['hypercortisolism']

entities_list: @entity134 :: ('CHEBI:35341', 'Chemical') :: ['steroid']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['ACC', 'adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity701 :: ('MESH:D006854', 'Chemical') :: ['cortisol']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infant']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The amygdala has a central role in processing emotions, particularly fear. During functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) amygdala activation has been demonstrated outside of conscious awareness using masked emotional faces. METHODS: We applied the masked faces paradigm to @entity1 with @entity308 (n = 11) and matched control subjects (n = 11) during fMRI to compare amygdala activation in response to masked emotional faces before and after antidepressant treatment. Data were analyzed using left and right amygdala a priori regions of interest, in an analysis of variance block analysis and random effects model. RESULTS: @entity308 @entity1 had exaggerated left amygdala activation to all faces, greater for fearful faces. Right amygdala did not differ from control subjects. Following treatment, @entity1 had bilateral reduced amygdala activation to masked fearful faces and bilateral reduced amygdala activation to all faces. Control subjects had no differences between the two scanning sessions. CONCLUSIONS: @entity308 @entity1 have left amygdala hyperarousal, even when processing stimuli outside conscious awareness. Increased amygdala activation normalizes with antidepressant treatment.

title: Increased amygdala response to masked emotional faces in XXXX subjects resolves with antidepressant treatment: an fMRI study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depressed', 'major depression']

answer: @entity308 :: (MESH:D003866,Disease) :: ['depressed']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Significant heterogeneity was highlighted in recent meta-analyses examining exercise effects in @entity5 @entity1 , suggesting that some characteristics may moderate exercise efficacy. The objectives of this meta-analysis are (1) to investigate the influence of methodology, population and intervention studies' characteristics on the association of exercise with @entity1295 , quality-of-life (QoL), @entity148 and @entity308 ; (2) to identify exercise intervention characteristics that may maximize efficacy and evaluate the level of evidence about exercise efficacy in @entity0 @entity1 receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating exercise were systematically identified. Population, intervention and methodology characteristics were extracted, coded by two independent investigators and tested as moderators of exercise effect in meta-regression models. Psychological outcomes summary effects were then computed by pooling subgroup of RCTs based on categorized moderators. RESULTS: Indications of selection bias (random sequence generation) or @entity6661 (high attrition rate, no intent-to-treat analysis) were associated with better exercise efficacy on QoL, @entity148 and @entity308 . Low total prescribed exercise doses (<140 METs.h) or short duration (<16  weeks) interventions yielded @entity1295 , @entity148 and @entity308 reductions whereas higher doses or duration did not. Mind-body interventions led to greater decrease of @entity1295 and @entity148 rather than aerobic/resistance-based interventions. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that exercise-based interventions may improve @entity1295 , QoL, @entity148 and @entity308 , but the evidence mainly rely on studies prone to methodological biases. A prescription of approximately 100 MET.h, e.g. ~120  min of weekly moderate physical exercise for 10  weeks involving mind-body activities, could be advised to maximize @entity1295 . Copyright    2014 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Population-, intervention- and methodology-related characteristics of clinical trials impact exercise efficacy during adjuvant therapy for XXXX : a meta-regression analysis.

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depression']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity1295 :: ('MESH:D005221', 'Disease') :: ['fatigue reduction', 'fatigue']

entities_list: @entity6661 :: ('MESH:D019217', 'Disease') :: ['attrition bias']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: Background. @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) has an important impact in public health with high morbidity and mortality. Prothrombotic and proinflammatory states are involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) is the major inhibitor of the fibrinolysis and also is part of immune response. The @entity71312 gene polymorphism is related to increased @entity2289 protein levels. The aim of the study is to evaluate the association of @entity71312 @entity2289 polymorphism with @entity1187 . Methods. A total of 646 individuals were recruited from Western Mexico: 350 unrelated healthy subjects and 296 @entity1 with diagnosis of @entity1187 . Results. The most important risk factor in our population was @entity101 , followed by smoking. The genetic distribution showed an association of the A allele (OR = 1.27, P = 0.04) and AA genotype (OR = 1.86, P = 0.02) with @entity1187 . The recessive model displayed similar results (OR = 1.76, P = 0.02). As additional finding, we observed significant differences in the genetic distribution of @entity1187 dyslipidemic @entity1 (OR = 1.99, P = 0.04). The A allele and AA genotype of -844 polymorphism of @entity2289 gene are risk factors for @entity1187 . The AA genotype might be associated with the development of @entity2299 in @entity1187 @entity1 .

title: The @entity71312 XXXX Polymorphism Is Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome in Mexican Population.

entities_list: @entity1187 :: ('MESH:D054058', 'Disease') :: ['ACS', 'Acute coronary syndrome']

entities_list: @entity2289 :: ('5054', 'Gene') :: ['PAI-1', 'Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity2299 :: ('MESH:D050171', 'Disease') :: ['dyslipidemia']

answer: @entity2289 :: (5054,Gene) :: ['PAI-1']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4495 ( @entity10611 ) is synthesized and transferred to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). @entity10611 -anchored proteins are then transported from the ER to the plasma membrane through the Golgi apparatus. To date, at least 17 steps have been identified to be required for the @entity10611 biosynthetic pathway. Here, we aimed to establish a comprehensive screening method to identify genes involved in @entity10611 biosynthesis using @entity1 haploid screens. @entity1 haploid cells were mutagenized by the integration of gene trap vectors into the genome. Mutagenized cells were then treated with a bacterial pore-forming toxin, aerolysin, which binds to @entity10611 -anchored proteins for targeting to the cell membrane. Cells that showed low surface expression of @entity1009 , a @entity10611 -anchored protein, were further enriched for. Gene trap insertion sites in the non-selected population and in the enriched population were determined by deep sequencing. This screening enriched 23 gene regions among the 26 known @entity10611 biosynthetic genes, which when mutated are expected to decrease the surface expression of @entity10611 -anchored proteins. Our results indicate that the forward genetic approach using haploid cells is a useful and powerful technique to identify factors involved in phenotypes of interest.

title: Genome-Wide Screening of Genes Required for XXXX Biosynthesis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['mammalian', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity4495 :: ('MESH:D017261', 'Chemical') :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']

answer: @entity4495 :: (MESH:D017261,Chemical) :: ['Glycosylphosphatidylinositol']


abstract: Skull base surgery has evolved to a point that its focus is now shifting to outcome analysis. To do so for @entity1653 is difficult. The rarity of the @entity5 , different treatment philosophies, and variations in reporting complicate the outcome analysis. With this limitation in mind, we analyzed the literature on this disease and report the combined outcomes in a unified fashion in hopes that it will serve as a starting point for further prospective analysis. Data was extracted from all available reports on MEDLINE/PubMed published in English. All studies were retrospective and uncontrolled. The majority of studies represent the experience of a single surgeon at a single institution. Of the 19 studies with detailed demographic and outcome data, no data met criteria for meta-analysis. A total of 1000 @entity1 were reported. The mean age of the @entity1 was 50 years. The male to female ratio is 1:3. GTR (gross total resection) was reported in 49% of @entity1 . Thirty-four percent of @entity1 experienced some @entity51 in the early postoperative period (<3 months). The most common morbidities reported were @entity129 (34.4% [range: 20 to 79%]) with @entity2123 accounting for 19%, followed by @entity51 (14%), @entity281 rates (1.6%), CSF leaks (5%), @entity548 (1.2%), and @entity1276 (1%). @entity204 within 1 year of surgery was reported for 1.4% of @entity1 . Once considered untreatable, @entity1653 can now be approached relatively safely. There, however, still remains an    34% morbidity with the most common being cranial nerve. Despite this, >75% of @entity1 return to independence at 1 year, many of which will resume employment. The nature of this study limits the conclusions that can be drawn; however, it provides some generalizations that may help guide @entity1 questions regarding treatment outcomes.

title: Surgery for XXXX : a comprehensive review of outcomes in the skull base surgery era.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity129 :: ('MESH:D003389', 'Disease') :: ['cranial nerve deficits']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1276 :: ('MESH:D006849', 'Disease') :: ['hydrocephalus']

entities_list: @entity2123 :: ('MESH:D020220', 'Disease') :: ['facial nerve injury']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['motor deficits', 'neurological deficit']

entities_list: @entity1653 :: ('MESH:D008579', 'Disease') :: ['petroclival meningiomas']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

answer: @entity1653 :: (MESH:D008579,Disease) :: ['petroclival meningiomas']


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that the progression of @entity731 in the Reversa @entity19 (Ldlr(-/- @entity9331 /100Mttpfl/fl) Mx1Cre(+/+)) was arrested when the @entity407 was normalized by inactivating the gene for microsomal @entity412 transfer protein. Here, we tested whether @entity731 would regress if the lipid levels were reduced after advanced plaques formed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Reversa @entity19 were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were then reduced. Within 2 weeks, this reduction led to decreased monocyte-derived ( @entity18901 (+)) cells in @entity731 and was associated with emigration of these cells out of plaques. In addition, the fall in lipid levels was accompanied by lower plaque lipid content and by reduced expression in plaque @entity18901 (+) cells of inflammatory genes and higher expression of genes for markers of antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Plaque composition was affected more than plaque size, with the decreased content of lipid and @entity18901 (+) cells balanced by a higher content of collagen. When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of @entity12098 to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque @entity18901 (+) cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. CONCLUSION: The Reversa @entity19 is a new model of @entity731 regression. After lipid lowering, favorable changes in plaque composition were independent of changes in size. In addition, plaque @entity18901 (+) cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with @entity12098 .

title: Reversal of XXXX with a genetic switch favorably affects the content and inflammatory state of macrophages in @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity12098 :: ('MESH:C060836', 'Chemical') :: ['pioglitazone']

entities_list: @entity412 :: ('CHEBI:17855', 'Chemical') :: ['triglyceride']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerosis', 'atherosclerotic plaques']

answer: @entity407 :: (MESH:D006949,Disease) :: ['hyperlipidemia']


abstract: A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line designated PC/AA, derived from a large pre-malignant @entity2513 from a @entity1 with @entity1412 (also referred to as @entity694 ) has become immortal in vitro. PC/AA has been passaged in vitro continuously for over 4 years and shows no signs of senescence. At early passage, PC/AA has a normal diploid karyotype but with late passage is showing signs of progression, becoming @entity296 . Every cell examined of late-passage PC/AA has an isochromosome (1q), and one other marker chromosome which is probably derived from an additional chromosome 8. The majority of cells examined have 48 chromosomes. Despite showing signs of progression in vitro, late-passage PC/AA has remained non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 and retained morphological differentiation characteristics of colonic cells, in particular the ability to synthesize and secrete mucin. Two other cell lines derived from small @entity652 did not become immortal in vitro and were also non-tumorigenic in athymic @entity19 . The isolation of an immortal pre-malignant @entity1 epithelial cell line could prove invaluable in studies on @entity1 @entity105 and @entity5 progression. Our results, showing that only a large @entity652 and no small @entity652 have given rise to immortal cell lines, raise the possibility that the acquisition of in vitro immortality is associated with a relatively late stage in the @entity2513 sequence. The possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression is discussed.

title: Immortalization of a @entity1 XXXX cell line by continuous in vitro passage: possible involvement of chromosome 1 in @entity5 progression.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity652 :: ('MESH:D000236', 'Disease') :: ['adenomas', 'adenoma']

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['aneuploid and displaying signs of morphological transformation']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumour']

entities_list: @entity1412 :: ('MESH:D011125', 'Disease') :: ['familial polyposis coli']

entities_list: @entity105 :: ('MESH:D063646', 'Disease') :: ['carcinogenesis']

entities_list: @entity2513 :: ('MESH:C563365', 'Disease') :: ['adenoma-carcinoma', 'colorectal adenoma']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum']

answer: @entity2513 :: (MESH:C563365,Disease) :: ['colorectal adenoma']


abstract: @entity957 ( @entity957 ) develops along a multistep genetic pathway including loss of @entity5 suppressor genes and alteration of oncogenes. We characterized seven @entity957 cell lines by classical and molecular cytogenetic analysis and fresh @entity5 and adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to three of the cell lines by molecular cytogenetics. We observed homogeneously staining regions (hsrs) in four of the seven cell lines, at 11q13 in three and at 11q23 and in an unidentified marker chromosome in the fourth. Amplification of band 11q13 occurs in 30-60% of head and neck @entity957 . To determine whether @entity10006 and @entity10008 , both located in band 11q13, are amplified in the tissues and cell lines and to confirm the chromosomal location(s) of the amplification, we used dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with DNA probes for these genes and the chromosome 11 centromere. We report chromosomal localization of @entity10006 / @entity10008 amplification in @entity957 . Coamplification of @entity10006 and @entity10008 was detected in the hsrs in cultured @entity5 cells from the four hsr-containing @entity5 and in directly harvested @entity5 cells, which were available from only two of these @entity5 . Amplification was not present in @entity5 lacking hsrs or adjacent oral mucosa corresponding to any of the seven @entity5 . The observation of amplification in fresh @entity5 cells suggests that the amplification was present in the @entity1 , may play a key role in the development and/or progression of @entity957 , and is not due to karyotypic evolution in vitro. The absence of amplification in the adjacent mucosa suggests that 11q13 amplification is a relatively late event in @entity957 tumorigenesis.

title: Visualization of @entity10006 and XXXX amplification in @entity957 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['OSCC', 'Oral squamous cell carcinoma', 'squamous cell carcinomas']

answer: @entity10008 :: (2249,Gene) :: ['HST1']


abstract: PURPOSE: A biomarker for dietary @entity3096 intake from fruit and vegetables (FlavFV) is needed to elucidate the relevance of @entity3088 from these sources for the prevention of @entity102 . Urinary @entity35620 (HA)-a major metabolite of @entity3088 -is promising in this respect as it was shown to satisfyingly indicate fruit and vegetable consumption in different age groups. Therefore, we validated urinary HA as a biomarker for intake of FlavFV. METHODS: Analyses included data from 287 healthy adolescents of the DONALD Study (aged 9-16  years) for whom a minimum of two pairs of HA measurements from 24-h urine samples (test method) and FlavFV intake estimated from 3-day weighed dietary records (reference method) existed. Agreement between both methods was assessed by Spearman correlation and cross-classification analyses. Possible confounders of the association were identified by linear regression models. Analyses were performed using a split-sample approach allowing for consecutive exploration (n  =  192) and confirmation (n  =  95) of results. RESULTS: Agreement between urinary HA excretion and FlavFV intake was moderate according to correlation analysis in the exploratory sample (r unadjusted  =  0.47, P  <  0.0001). Yet, 79  % of the subjects were classified into same/adjacent quartiles, and only 5  % were misclassified into opposite quartiles. These findings were corroborated by analyses in the confirmatory sample (r unadjusted  =  0.64; 88  % in same/adjacent vs. 4  % in opposite quartiles). Body surface area (BSA) was the only relevant covariate in the exploratory sample, and its adjustment improved cross-classification estimates in both subsamples. CONCLUSIONS: BSA-adjusted 24-h urinary HA excretion represents a suitable biomarker of habitual FlavFV intake in healthy adolescents.

title: Relative validation of 24-h urinary @entity35620 excretion as a biomarker for dietary XXXX intake from fruit and vegetables in healthy adolescents.

entities_list: @entity3088 :: ('MESH:D005419', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoids']

entities_list: @entity3096 :: ('CHEBI:47916', 'Chemical') :: ['flavonoid']

entities_list: @entity35620 :: ('MESH:C030514', 'Chemical') :: ['hippuric acid']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic diseases']

answer: @entity3096 :: (CHEBI:47916,Chemical) :: ['flavonoid']


abstract: @entity1457 proteins (HSPs) are among the most highly conserved and immunogenic proteins shared by microbial agents and mammals. @entity1 (h) @entity11217 is upregulated under stress conditions and serves as a target for cross-reactive cytotoxic HSP-serum-antibodies. The present study evaluates the expressions of @entity11217 and its homologue chlamydial (c) @entity11217 in advanced @entity1 @entity301 and correlates intimal tissue-bound HSP expressions with circulating HSP-antibodies. Coronary atherectomy specimens retrieved from 100 primary target lesions of @entity1 with @entity1459 ( @entity1459 ; n  =  40) or @entity5749 ( @entity5749 ; n  =  60) were assessed immunohistochemically for the presence of @entity11217 and cHSP60. In a subgroup (n  =  40), blood samples were tested for anti-Chl. pn.-IgG/IgA-titers and anti- @entity11217 -antibody titers. Coronary plaques revealed immunoreactive @entity11217 in 55% and cHSP60 in 45% of the lesions. Expression of both HSP homologues was significantly (each p  <  0.001) higher in @entity1459 lesions compared with @entity5749 lesions (7.4 vs. 1.2% and 6.0 vs. 1.1%). HSP homologues showed positive correlations both in @entity1459 - and @entity5749 -lesions (r  =  0.41, 0.33; p  <  0.05). cHSP60 showed no association with anti-Chl. pn.-IgG/IgA-titers, whereas expressions of both homologues correlated positive with anti- @entity11217 -Ab titers (r  =  0.42, p  <  0.05; r  =  0.50, p  <  0.01). Intimal amounts of @entity11217 homologues were associated with increased expressions of @entity1851 , @entity2939 . @entity1 and chlamydial @entity11217 colocalize within @entity301 , most prevalent in lesions associated with @entity1459 . Our data demonstrate a significant correlation between the intimal expressions of @entity11217 homologues and serum @entity11217 antibodies, thereby suggesting that humoral immune reactions may play an important role in @entity453 and plaque instability.

title: Prevalence of intimal @entity1457 protein 60 homologues in @entity1459 and correlation with anti- XXXX protein antibody titers.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients', 'Human']

entities_list: @entity301 :: ('MESH:D003327', 'Disease') :: ['coronary lesions', 'coronary atheroma']

entities_list: @entity1457 :: ('MESH:D012769', 'Disease') :: ['Heat shock']

entities_list: @entity5749 :: ('MESH:D060050', 'Disease') :: ['stable angina', 'SA']

entities_list: @entity1459 :: ('MESH:D000789', 'Disease') :: ['UA', 'unstable angina']

entities_list: @entity453 :: ('MESH:D003324', 'Disease') :: ['coronary atherosclerosis']

entities_list: @entity2939 :: ('7099', 'Gene') :: ['Toll-like receptor-4 and tissue factor']

entities_list: @entity1851 :: ('1401', 'Gene') :: ['C-reactive protein']

answer: @entity1457 :: (MESH:D012769,Disease) :: ['heat shock']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treating @entity1 with @entity2790 or primary @entity1538 , if a single agent cannot successfully control the pressure, additional medications may be prescribed. The cost of treatment may become expensive, especially with multiple drug therapy. Thus, prescribing techniques that help minimize costs may be beneficial to @entity1 when medically appropriate. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in drug and visit costs after switching to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy (LM) versus adding latanoprost 0.005% once daily (Lbeta) or @entity16495 0.2% twice daily (Bbeta) in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy alone. METHODS: This study included 148 consecutive qualified charts of @entity1538 or @entity2790 @entity1 within the first year of follow-up after switching from beta-blocker monotherapy to latanoprost or adding latanoprost or @entity16495 . RESULTS: The Bbeta group demonstrated the highest costs per month, followed by the Lbeta group, then the LM group. A trend existed in the Lbeta group to a lower pressure than the Bbeta or the LM groups. A greater mean change in medication per @entity1 per month was seen in the Bbeta group compared to the latanoprost treatment groups. Additionally, a greater number of visits per month occurred in the Bbeta than in the LM and Lbeta groups. The Bbeta group also reported significantly more tearing and fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that in @entity1 uncontrolled on beta-blocker therapy, switching to latanoprost, when medically appropriate, may provide a further mean reduction in intraocular pressure and save costs compared to adding latanoprost or @entity16495 .

title: An economic analysis of switching to latanoprost from a beta-blocker or adding @entity16495 or latanoprost to a beta-blocker in @entity1538 or XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2790 :: ('MESH:D009798', 'Disease') :: ['ocular hypertension']

entities_list: @entity16495 :: ('MESH:C015620', 'Chemical') :: ['brimonidine']

entities_list: @entity1538 :: ('MESH:D005902', 'Disease') :: ['open-angle glaucoma']

answer: @entity2790 :: (MESH:D009798,Disease) :: ['ocular hypertension']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the intraperitoneal instillation of 5% @entity413 in water (D5W) during radiofrequency ablation of peripheral @entity96 for decreasing postradiofrequency @entity158 and narcotic use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study compared the hospital course of the last 20 @entity1 to undergo radiofrequency ablation of peripheral @entity96 at our institution. Ten consecutive subjects in the D5W group (seven @entity1 and three @entity1 ; age range, 37-78 years; mean, 58 years) were pretreated with intraperitoneal D5W (average, 963 +/- 436 [SD] mL) before the ablation. This group was compared with a control group of 10 @entity1 (five @entity1 and five @entity1 ; age range, 36-73 years; mean, 54 years) who did not receive intraperitoneal D5W. The size of the ablation zone, degree of liver capsule involvement, number of burns, @entity1 -reported @entity158 , @entity1 -controlled analgesia use, and length of hospital stay were recorded and compared between the groups. RESULTS: The @entity1 in the D5W group reported significantly less @entity158 in the first 24 hr after the procedure than did the controls (2.3 vs 6.3, p = 0.003) despite a significant decrease in @entity1 -controlled analgesia use (17.3 vs 125.1 mg of @entity1286 , p = 0.003). The differences in @entity158 and @entity1 -controlled analgesia use were greatest in the first 16 hr and decreased over time in both groups. The total volume of ablation (61.9 vs 45.2 cm(3), p = 0.44), liver surface involvement (6.2 vs 6.0 cm, p = 0.73), and number of burns (1.8 vs 1.1, p = 0.14) were slightly higher in the D5W group than in the control group, but this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with intraperitoneal D5W before radiofrequency ablation of peripheral @entity96 decreased @entity158 , narcotic use, and length of hospital stay. The effect of pretreatment with D5W is greatest in the first 16 hr after the procedure.

title: Radiofrequency ablation of peripheral @entity96 : intraperitoneal 5% XXXX in water decreases postprocedural @entity158 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity96 :: ('MESH:D008113', 'Disease') :: ['liver tumors']

entities_list: @entity1286 :: ('MESH:D009020', 'Chemical') :: ['morphine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['dextrose']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['dextrose']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1164 due to a @entity3291 is rarely reported in the literature. @entity299 are @entity5 of the heart, most frequently located in the left atrium. @entity1002 are rare. @entity1002 attached to the anterior papillary muscle are especially rare, with only 1 case being reported in the literature. @entity3291 have the potential to cause @entity887 , or @entity943 . We report a case of a 32-year-old @entity1 who sustained @entity944 and was found to have a left @entity67 attached to the anterior papillary muscle at autopsy. Although the subject also had evidence of a distant @entity583 and @entity384 , the @entity3291 was apparently clinically silent. @entity299 may be treated by surgical excision with excellent prognosis. However, they can remain silent and undiagnosed and, hence, have the potential for causing @entity1164 . In addition to the case report, we present a literature review of these issues involving @entity299 .

title: @entity1002 Causing XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1164 :: ('MESH:D016757', 'Disease') :: ['Sudden cardiac death', 'sudden cardiac death']

entities_list: @entity944 :: ('MESH:D003645', 'Disease') :: ['sudden death']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['benign tumors']

entities_list: @entity384 :: ('MESH:D002311', 'Disease') :: ['dilated cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3291 :: ('MESH:D009232', 'Disease') :: ['Myxomas', 'myxoma']

entities_list: @entity887 :: ('MESH:D004617', 'Disease') :: ['embolization, obstruction']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac myxomas', 'Cardiac myxomas']

entities_list: @entity583 :: ('MESH:D009203', 'Disease') :: ['myocardial infarction']

entities_list: @entity67 :: ('MESH:D018754', 'Disease') :: ['ventricular myxoma']

entities_list: @entity943 :: ('MESH:D001145', 'Disease') :: ['arrhythmia']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['Left ventricular myxomas']

answer: @entity944 :: (MESH:D003645,Disease) :: ['Sudden Death']


abstract: Primary @entity5 of the small intestine are rare. Malignant @entity674 are the third most common @entity5 among primary @entity5 . A 56-year-old @entity1 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity1277 and @entity1353 with movement. On admission, physical examination revealed severe @entity417 in her conjunctiva and a @entity5 in her left abdomen. Her hemoglobin level was 6.2 g/dL and other laboratory data were normal. Abdominal ultrasonograms and computed tomograms revealed a 55 x 70-mm heterogeneous mass and multiple low-density masses in the liver. Superior mesenteric arteriograms revealed a hypervascular @entity5 fed by the jejunal arteries. A @entity674 arising from the jejunum with liver @entity3 was suspected. Partial resection of the affected jejunum and left trisegmentectomy of the liver were performed. The resected @entity5 was 120 x 45 x 65 mm. The @entity5 was mainly submucosal, but extended outside the jejunum; it was elastically firm and multiloculated. A small @entity1066 was seen on the mucosal side. The metastatic @entity96 were solid or cystic with diameters of 20 to 40 mm. Histopathological examination revealed that the @entity5 were characterized by fascicular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity2280 and @entity2467 , and negative for @entity4483 protein and smooth muscle actin. This case was a @entity674 originating in the jejunum with liver @entity3 . The @entity5 and liver @entity3 were successfully resected simultaneously.

title: @entity674 with liver XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'malignant small bowel tumors', 'malignant tumors', 'primary tumor', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity1277 :: ('MESH:D001068', 'Disease') :: ['appetite loss']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity674 :: ('MESH:D046152', 'Disease') :: ['malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor', 'gastrointestinal stromal tumors']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastasis']


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between lumbosacropelvic morphology and the presence and degree of @entity528 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity571 of the facet joints is one of the most common degenerative changes in the spine. It is considered to be formed secondary to repetitive stress or @entity130 and @entity85 with secondary overload. The cause(s) of facet joints @entity571 , however, have not been clearly identified. METHODS: Abdominal computed tomography (CT) images of 723 @entity1 which were taken between the years 2010 and 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. @entity1 with prior lumbar spinal surgery, serious @entity154 on CT, @entity10145 , severe @entity1635 , were excluded from the study. To eliminate the age- and sex-related differences in spinopelvic morphology, a study group was formed of the remaining subjects by including @entity1 from a specific age group (30-35 yr) and same sex (females). For each @entity1 the presence and grade of @entity528 was investigated. In addition, pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope and the angles of L1-L5 lumbar @entity1515 , sacral table, L5 vertebra posterior, and sacral @entity1513 were measured for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Sacral slope, sacral @entity1513 , and L1-L5 lumbar @entity1515 angle were significantly higher in @entity1 with osteoarthritic compared with normal subjects (P = 0.015, P = 0.018, P = 0.016). L5 vertebra posterior and sacral table angle were found to be significantly lower in @entity1 with osteoarthritic than in normal subjects (P = 0.019, P = 0.007). The degree of @entity528 was noticed to increase parallel to the decrease in the sacral table angle and L5 vertebra posterior angle, and to the increase in the L1-L5 lumbar @entity1515 , PI, and sacral slope. CONCLUSION: A close relation exists between the presence and degree of @entity528 and lumbosacral pelvic morphology. Prevalence and degree of the degeneration in facet joint increases as the angle of sacral slope, L1-L5 lumbar @entity1515 , and PI increases or the angle of sacral table and L5 vertebra posterior decreases. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

title: The Relationship Between XXXX of the Lumbar Facet Joints and Lumbosacropelvic Morphology.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity154 :: ('MESH:D000013', 'Disease') :: ['congenital anomalies']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis', 'Osteoarthritis']

entities_list: @entity1635 :: ('MESH:D012600', 'Disease') :: ['scoliosis']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['spinal deformity']

entities_list: @entity528 :: ('MESH:D009410', 'Disease') :: ['degeneration in the facet joint', 'facet joint degeneration']

entities_list: @entity10145 :: ('MESH:C537221', 'Disease') :: ['incomplete or complete lumbosacral transition']

answer: @entity571 :: (MESH:D010003,Disease) :: ['Osteoarthritis']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: There are not many studies investigating mental health of individuals with @entity717 . The aim of this study is to provide data on @entity308 and @entity148 in individuals with @entity717 . Method: In a cross-sectional study, we assessed @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity717 (18-65 years) with a standardized instrument with 2 divisions (division 1: variables "residence", "self-determination capabilities", "violence experiences", division 2: variables " @entity308 " and " @entity148 " with the @entity1 Health Questionaire-4). Univariate and bivariate analysis of the data was performed. Result: Out of a total of 59% @entity1 and 41% @entity1 , 44 participated in the study (response rate=45%). Overall, 20% (n=9) of the @entity1 had an increased PHQ-2 score. This can be used as an indicator for @entity308 . 18% (n=8) of the subject group indicated an increased @entity1840 score. This can be used as an indicator of @entity148 . Risk factors for @entity308 were "an increased level of disability" (RR=11,8), "living with parents" (RR=6, 7), "limited self-determination capabilities"(RR=6,2) and "fear of new situations" (RR=5:0). Violence experiences were a risk factor (RR=13,3) for @entity148 . Conclusion: In view of the special methodological challenges of this study, the target group is very small. Nevertheless, this is one of the first studies in Germany that reveals factors with an impact on the mental health of individuals with @entity717 . The association of experience of violence with @entity148 in individuals with @entity717 represents an important challenge for public health.

title: ["Mental Health in Adults with XXXX . Protective and Risk Factors for @entity308 and @entity148 " - a Cross-sectional Study].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'women', 'Patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['depressive disorders', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity717 :: ('MESH:D009069', 'Disease') :: ['intellectual disabilities', 'intellectual disability']

answer: @entity717 :: (MESH:D009069,Disease) :: ['Intellectual Disabilities']


abstract: The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the clinical performance of the Medtronic-Hall prosthesis based on a review of all valve related complications over a period of nine years. From January 1978 until December 1986, 502 prostheses were implanted in 450 @entity1 . There were 200 aortic valve replacements, 198 mitral valve replacements and 52 double valve replacements. There were 234 associated procedures performed, the most frequent being coronary grafting in 129 @entity1 and tricuspid annuloplasty in 35 @entity1 . The mean age of the @entity1 (230 @entity1 and 220 @entity1 ) was 54.08 +/- 11.7 years. Preoperatively, 92.2% were in NYHA class III or IV. Early mortality was 7.1% and late mortality 16.7%. The follow-up totalled 1733 @entity1 -years (mean 49.8 +/- 31.7 months). Over a period of nine years, the valve related complication rate was 4.4% per @entity1 -year. @entity1031 events occurred in 37 @entity1 (2.1% per patient-year), anticoagulant related @entity548 in 23 @entity1 (1.3% per @entity1 -year), @entity884 in 11 @entity1 (0.6% per @entity1 -year), perivalvular leak in six @entity1 (0.3% per @entity1 -year) and @entity204 and reoperation in 28 @entity1 (1.6% per @entity1 -year). At eight and one-half years, the survival rate was 71.28 +/- 2.7% for the whole group. The actuarial rate of @entity1 free from all valve related complications was 75.92 +/- 2.7%, rate of freedom from @entity1031 was 86.01 +/- 2.4%, freedom from anticoagulant related @entity548 was 92.7 +/- 1.6%, freedom from @entity884 was 97.17 +/- 0.8%, freedom from perivalvular leak was 98.27 +/- 0.7% and freedom from @entity204 and reoperation was 90.70 +/- 1.9%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Medtronic-Hall prosthesis: valve related XXXX and complications.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['hemorrhage']

entities_list: @entity1031 :: ('MESH:D013923', 'Disease') :: ['thromboembolism', 'Thromboembolic']

entities_list: @entity884 :: ('MESH:D004696', 'Disease') :: ['endocarditis']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['deaths']