abstract: INTRODUCTION: Chronic @entity3540 media, apart from destruction of bones and possibility of otogenous complications, is characterized by possibility of recurrence of the disease after non radical treatment or presence of risk factors. AIM: This paper intends to analyze changes typical for @entity3540 , observed during otosurgery including the results of bacteriological investigations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Nearly 450 otosurgeries were performed in Department of Otolaryngology at Jagiellonian University 2004-2007. Analysis refers to @entity1 reoperated on chronic @entity3540 media. RESULTS: 47 reoperations in the course of chronic @entity2346 media were performed. Bacteriological analysis was provided in 21 cases. The most common bacteria were @entity794 and @entity796 . Biofilms were not observed in specimens. CONCLUSIONS: The recurrence of the process should be expected in @entity1 with @entity3540 . They require regular, periodical follow-up examination.

title: [Reoperations in XXXX with chronic otitis media cholesteatomatosa].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity796 :: ('287', 'Species') :: ['Pseudomonas aeruginosa']

entities_list: @entity794 :: ('1280', 'Species') :: ['Staphylococcus aureus']

entities_list: @entity3540 :: ('MESH:D002781', 'Disease') :: ['cholesteatoma', 'cholesteatoma otitis']

entities_list: @entity2346 :: ('MESH:D010031', 'Disease') :: ['choleateatoma otitis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: @entity73276 ( @entity435 ) was given po to male and female Fischer 344 @entity35 at dose levels of 10, 25, 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg, five times a week for a period of 2 weeks. Control animals received distilled water. All animals given intermediate dose levels (10, 25, 75, and 150 mg/kg) and one half of the animals which were dosed at the high dose (300 mg/kg) as well as one half of the controls were terminated 14 days after administration of the first dose. The remaining @entity35 received no treatment for an additional 14 days and were sacrificed on Day 28 of the study (recovery phase). Dose-related decreases in erythrocyte number, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, with an accompanying increase in reticulocytes and circulating nucleated erythrocytes, were observed in both sexes at Day 14. Methemoglobin levels, determined only at the high dose, were elevated in both sexes at this time. @entity381 and @entity382 were observed in both sexes at 14 and 28 days. Histopathological examination of the spleen and bone marrow revealed dose-related @entity1373 at 14 days which subsided by Day 28. The above effects were more pronounced in males. Erythrocyte numbers were only slightly depressed and reticulocytes mildly elevated in males at Day 28. Hematological values were not statistically different from controls in females at this time. These results suggest that @entity435 induces oxidative damage to the erythrocyte, resulting in a @entity5714 accompanied by increased erythropoiesis. The toxic effects appear reversible upon cessation of exposure.

title: Toxicity of XXXX . I. Hematotoxicity following subacute exposure in @entity35 .

entities_list: @entity73276 :: ('MESH:C044686', 'Chemical') :: ['Cyclohexanone oxime']

entities_list: @entity1373 :: ('MESH:D006965', 'Disease') :: ['erythroid hyperplasia']

entities_list: @entity381 :: ('MESH:D013163', 'Disease') :: ['Splenomegaly']

entities_list: @entity5714 :: ('MESH:D000743', 'Disease') :: ['hemolytic anemia']

entities_list: @entity382 :: ('MESH:D006529', 'Disease') :: ['hepatomegaly']

answer: @entity73276 :: (MESH:C044686,Chemical) :: ['cyclohexanone oxime']


abstract: Chemical sympathectomy with @entity2997 (Gnt) selectively destroys the postganglionic noradrenergic neurons, whereas dopaminergic fibers and nonneural @entity2922 -secreting cells are spared. As a result, the relative proportions of @entity1063 (NE), @entity1425 (E), and @entity935 (DA) in tissues can be differentially affected. This study was done to show the possible differences in the relative amount of @entity2661 in some organs and tissues that might indicate the nature of the secretory cells from which they originate. The contents of NE, E, and DA were assessed in @entity35 neonatally treated with Gnt. Gnt-treated @entity35 showed significantly lower levels of NE (P < 0.01) in all tissues except the adrenal gland and paraganglia. @entity1425 was present in all tissues with mean levels below 25 ng/g, with the exception of the adrenal gland (700 microg/gland) and paraganglia (100 ng/g). Only the heart showed lower values in Gnt-treated @entity35 . Mean DA levels were also very high in paraganglia (530 ng/g). In the Gnt-treated @entity35 , DA levels fell practically to zero except in the duodenum, mesentery, and adrenal, whereas there were high levels in the paraganglia, which were significantly different from controls. The results suggest that the three @entity2661 are contained mainly in noradrenergic sympathetic fibers of muscle, white adipose tissue, heart, liver, pancreas, and spleen. The duodenum and mesentery may have dopaminergic fibers or E- and DA-containing nonneural cells. Hepatic-vagus paraganglia contain all the @entity2661 in relatively high amounts in nonneural cells, and Gnt treatment raises DA levels without affecting the other @entity4478 .

title: @entity1425 and @entity935 colocalization with XXXX in various peripheral tissues: @entity2997 effects.

entities_list: @entity2997 :: ('MESH:D006145', 'Chemical') :: ['guanethidine']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity1425 :: ('MESH:D004837', 'Chemical') :: ['epinephrine', 'Epinephrine']

entities_list: @entity2922 :: ('CHEBI:33567', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamine']

entities_list: @entity2661 :: ('MESH:D002395', 'Chemical') :: ['catecholamines']

entities_list: @entity1063 :: ('MESH:D009638', 'Chemical') :: ['norepinephrine']

answer: @entity1063 :: (MESH:D009638,Chemical) :: ['norepinephrine']


abstract: One or more lots of pituitary GH supplied by the NHPP may have been contaminated with @entity3605 pathogen. If so, it is probable that the contaminated hormone was dispensed before 1978, and there is reason to believe that it was dispensed in the late 1960s. The contamination may have been limited to one lot of GH, but this is not known with certainty. Purification methods used by the NHPP since 1978 probably exclude the @entity3605 pathogen, but this is not yet certain. The risk to @entity1 treated since 1978, therefore, probably is low. There is no evidence to date that GH from either of the pharmaceutical suppliers has been or is contaminated. Purification procedures used by these sources also should exclude the pathogen. To exclude the possibility that they are contaminated with the @entity3605 pathogen, 1 1/2 to 3 years will be required to test batches of the pituitary GH used previously. The experiment needed to show that the purification method used by NHPP excludes the scrapie agent will take up to 1 year. Planning for epidemiologic studies in @entity1 treated with pituitary GH is under way. Biosynthetic GH prepared by recombinant DNA techniques has been in clinical trial in the United States for 3 1/2 years. It has been shown to be as effective as pituitary GH in promoting growth. However, it produces a higher incidence of GH antibodies than @entity10759 do. Pediatric endocrinologists support the FDA in its effort to gather the information needed to approve biosynthetic GH for treatment of @entity2338 at an early date.

title: Degenerative neurologic disease in @entity1 formerly treated with XXXX growth hormone. Report of the Committee on Growth Hormone Use of the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society, May 1985.

entities_list: @entity2338 :: ('MESH:D004393', 'Disease') :: ['GH deficiency']

entities_list: @entity10759 :: ('MESH:D049912', 'Disease') :: ['pituitary GH preparations']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of @entity3151 application on soil @entity3151 adsorption-desorption characteristics under three cropping patterns including @entity2829 / @entity1460 relay intercropping (M/S), maize monoculture (M), and @entity1460 monoculture (S). Results showed that without @entity3151 fertilization, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 9.8% and 79. 1% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.58. With @entity4613 fertilizer application, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 10.4% and 80.3% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the LER was 1.62. The system crop yields under M/S, M and S with @entity4613 fertilizer application were increased by 12.7%, 12. 2% and 17. 6%, respectively, compared with that without @entity3151 fertilization. Among three cropping patterns, the soil buffer capacity (SBC) values were in the order of M/S>M >S regardless of @entity4613 fertilizer applied or not. The SBC values of M/S, M and S without @entity4613 fertilizer application were reduced by 19.6%, 30.3% and 12.0% compared with @entity4613 fertilizer application treatments, respectively. The soil desorption per absorption (b) values of the three cropping patterns with @entity4613 fertilizer application were in the order of M/S>M>S, and the b values increased by 10.9%, 39.1% and -9.6%, respectively, compared with non @entity4613 fertilizer application. The soil @entity3151 maximum absorption (Qm) and soil @entity3151 desorption rate also showed the same trend.

title: [Dynamics of soil @entity3151 adsorption-desorption in @entity2829 / XXXX relay intercropping system in purple hilly area].

entities_list: @entity3151 :: ('MESH:D010758', 'Chemical') :: ['phosphorus']

answer: @entity1460 :: (3847,Species) :: ['soybean']


abstract: Many indexes of damage have been used to quantify the @entity460 ( @entity141 ) paradox. We report here how different conclusions may be reached concerning the severity of the paradox when different indexes of damage are used. Hearts from 3- to 24-day-old and adult @entity35 were isolated, depleted of @entity141 for 5 min, and then @entity141 repleted. @entity10943 loss, @entity141 gain, and ultrastructural changes were monitored. Our results indicate that with increasing age each of these parameters shows a progression toward the adult state. However, this progression does not proceed at the same rate for each parameter. There was very little release of @entity10943 from hearts of @entity35 of less than 11 days old, but the amount released increased with increasing age. There appeared to be a direct relationship between the amount of @entity10943 released and the proportion of extremely contracted cells with disrupted sarcolemma. However, hearts from @entity35 of all ages gained @entity141 , suggesting that @entity141 entry occurs via contracture-dependent and contracture-independent routes. Thus we are able to dissociate @entity141 gain from the development of contracted cells and @entity10943 release at the youngest ages. Different conclusions could therefore be reached as to the severity of the @entity141 paradox at these youngest ages depending on which indexes of damage are documented.

title: Quantification of XXXX paradox in neonatal @entity35 hearts.

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

answer: @entity460 :: (MESH:D002118,Chemical) :: ['calcium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity842 (NO) has been largely associated with cardiovascular protection through improvement of endothelial function. Recently, new evidence about modulation of NO release by microRNAs (miRs) has been reported, which could be involved with statin-dependent pleiotropic effects, including anti-inflammatory properties related to vascular endothelium function. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of @entity165 -lowering drugs including the inhibitors of @entity165 synthesis, @entity2993 and @entity3413 , and the inhibitor of @entity165 absorption @entity3709 on NO release, @entity9554 mRNA expression and miRs potentially involved in NO bioavailability. METHODS: @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were exposed to @entity2993 , @entity3413 or @entity3709 (0 to 5.0  M). Cells were submitted to total RNA extraction and relative quantification of @entity9554 mRNA and miRs -221, -222 and -1303 by qPCR. NO release was measured in supernatants by @entity1787 -chemiluminescence. RESULTS: Both @entity6817 increased NO levels and @entity9554 mRNA expression but no influence was observed for @entity3709 treatment. @entity2993 , @entity3413 and @entity3709 down-regulated the expression of @entity494 , whereas @entity10074 was reduced only after the @entity2993 treatment. The magnitude of the reduction of @entity494 and @entity10074 after treatment with @entity6817 correlated with the increment in @entity9554 mRNA levels. No influence was observed on the miR-1303 expression after treatments. CONCLUSION: NO release in endothelial cells is increased by @entity6817 but not by the inhibitor of @entity165 absorption, @entity3709 . Our results provide new evidence about the participation of regulatory miRs 221/222 on NO release induction mediated by @entity6817 . Although @entity3709 did not modulate NO levels, the down-regulation of @entity494 could involve potential effects on endothelial function.

title: Role of microRNAs 221/222 on @entity6817 Induced @entity842 Release in XXXX Endothelial Cells.

entities_list: @entity3413 :: ('MESH:D019821', 'Chemical') :: ['simvastatin']

entities_list: @entity2993 :: ('MESH:C065179', 'Chemical') :: ['atorvastatin', 'Atorvastatin']

entities_list: @entity3709 :: ('MESH:C108606', 'Chemical') :: ['ezetimibe']

entities_list: @entity842 :: ('MESH:D009569', 'Chemical') :: ['Nitric oxide']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Human']


abstract: 1. It is well known that an individual subject often responds preferentially to a particular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and clinical response to these drugs is characterised by considerable variability between individuals. Variability in response has often been attributed to the episodic nature of @entity85 . Few studies have studied intrasubject variability in response to these drugs using a multiple crossover design. A major difficulty has been the lack of objective, validated measures of @entity32 sensitive to NSAIDs. The primary aim of the present study was to test the utility of urate-crystal induced @entity32 as a tool to predict NSAID response in @entity1 . 2. An inflammatory reaction was established in twenty-five healthy subjects with intradermal injection of urate crystals on four separate occasions separated by 1 week. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive either @entity5018 on two of these occasions (800 mg four times over 36 h) or matched placebo on the other two occasions using a double-blind, cross-over design. Decrease in the area under the wheal size-time curve was used to indicate anti-inflammatory response. 3. Peak inflammatory response was observed at about 32 h and had dissipated by 56 h post-urate injection. The logarithmic mean wheal area was significantly lower after @entity5018 (mean +/- s.e. mean; 6.74 +/- 0.09) compared with placebo (6.96 +/- 0.07 mm h); a difference of 20% (95% confidence interval for difference: 1 to 35%; P < 0.05). 4. There was marked intra- and intersubject variability in response to @entity5018 over the four treatment periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Clinical response to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in urate-crystal induced XXXX : a simultaneous study of intersubject and intrasubject variability.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal disease']

entities_list: @entity5018 :: ('MESH:D007052', 'Chemical') :: ['ibuprofen']

answer: @entity32 :: (MESH:D007249,Disease) :: ['inflammation']


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of the study was to gain the first clinical experience with a new @entity702 clip prosthesis in stapes surgery, and to compare this model with its predecessor. We placed particular emphasis on the practicability of fixing the prosthesis to the long process of the incus and on the postoperative improvement in hearing. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: The study included 23 @entity1 who had a CliP Piston   Wengen fitted and 21 @entity1 with a Soft CliP Piston (both from Kurz Medizintechnik, Dusslingen, Germany). Air and bone conduction were tested preoperatively and 5 to 6 weeks after surgery in all @entity1 , as well as after about 1 year in a subgroup. RESULTS: We found a mean air-bone gap of 8.5 +/- 5.2 dB in the frequencies 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 kHz for the @entity1 with a CliP Piston   Wengen at follow-up audiometry after an average of 31 days, and of 6.4 +/- 3.7 dB for 11 @entity1 after 412 days. The corresponding figures for @entity1 with Soft CliP Pistons were 8.9 +/- 4.1 dB after 44 days, and 6.3 +/- 5.6 dB for 10 @entity1 after 419 days. There were no statistically significant differences. All the prostheses were implanted without difficulty. CONCLUSIONS: The two stapes prostheses studied gave good early audiometric results that showed no difference. After a short learning period, both could be pushed onto the long process of the incus with similar ease, although subjectively the new design of the Soft CliP seemed to adapt better to the different diameters of the process and took up less space in the middle ear.

title: First experience with a new XXXX clip stapes prosthesis and a comparison with the earlier model used in stapes surgery.

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

answer: @entity702 :: (MESH:D014025,Chemical) :: ['titanium']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity510 is widely used for cesarean section due to the rapid induction, the complete @entity1337 , the low failure rate and the prevention of @entity1174 . The addition of intrathecal opioids to local anesthetics seems to improve the quality of @entity1337 _ prolong the duration of @entity1337 . Therefore we compared the effects of @entity3575 20   g and @entity681 2.5   g, which were added to intrathecal hyperbaric @entity1341 . METHODS: SEVENTY TWO HEALTHY TERM PARTURIENTS WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO THREE GROUPS: Group C (control), Group F ( @entity3575 20   g) and Group S ( @entity681 2.5   g). In every group, 0.5% heavy @entity1341 was added according to the adjusted dose regimen by Harten et al. We observed the maximal level of the sensory block and motor block, the quality of intraoperative @entity1337 , the duration of effective @entity1337 and the side effects. RESULTS: There were significant differences between the control and the @entity3575 20   g and @entity681 2.5   g groups for the degree of @entity121 , the quality of intraoperative @entity1337 , the maximal sedation level and the duration of effective @entity1337 . The frequencies of side effects such as @entity390 and @entity111 in the opioid groups were higher than those in the control group. But there were no differences between @entity3575 20   g and @entity681 2.5   g for the frequencies of @entity390 and @entity111 . CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity3575 20   g or @entity681 2.5   g for spinal anesthesia provides adequate intraoperative @entity1337 without significant adverse effects on the mother and neonate.

title: Comparison of @entity3575 and @entity681 added to 0.5% hyperbaric XXXX for spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section.

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle relaxation']

entities_list: @entity681 :: ('MESH:D017409', 'Chemical') :: ['sufentanil']

entities_list: @entity510 :: ('MESH:D013345', 'Disease') :: ['Subarachnoid block']

entities_list: @entity1337 :: ('MESH:D000699', 'Disease') :: ['analgesia']

entities_list: @entity111 :: ('MESH:D011537', 'Disease') :: ['pruritis']

entities_list: @entity1174 :: ('MESH:D011015', 'Disease') :: ['aspiration pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity1341 :: ('MESH:D002045', 'Chemical') :: ['bupivacaine']

entities_list: @entity3575 :: ('MESH:D005283', 'Chemical') :: ['fentanyl']

answer: @entity1341 :: (MESH:D002045,Chemical) :: ['bupivacaine']


abstract: PURPOSE: We provide an overview of @entity189 , a rare entity that is difficult to diagnose and traditionally has been associated with a poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search for @entity189 was performed, and current concepts related to the diagnosis and clinical management were reviewed. Two unpublished additional cases recently treated at our institution were added to the international experience. Special attention was given to new developments in diagnostic methods. Histopathological changes and biomarker criteria are provided to allow accurate diagnosis of this condition. RESULTS: Early diagnosis of @entity189 has often been difficult due to a lack of immunohistochemical markers that distinguish this entity from invasive @entity420 of adjacent organs. A total of 49 documented cases of @entity189 in @entity1 between 19 and 90 years old has been reported in the current literature. Two additional cases that were diagnosed and treated at our institution are incorporated into this review. Recently the tissue marker @entity10224 has substantially increased the accurate diagnosis of @entity189 . In addition, increased serum @entity10224 in @entity1 with this disease has been reported and serum levels correlate well with the clinical course of the disease. Radical surgery in combination with adjuvant radiotherapy or @entity342 deprivation has resulted in long-term palliation in some @entity1 with @entity1442 . CONCLUSIONS: Including @entity189 in the differential diagnosis of lower urinary tract symptoms will improve detection. Improved imaging tools and the availability of a serum marker will undoubtedly enhance detection at the earliest stages. More defined histopathological criteria will allow diagnosis even with small biopsy specimens. Radical surgery appears to offer the best chance for cure but hormonal manipulation and radiotherapy seem to be effective as adjuvant treatment modalities.

title: Primary XXXX of the seminal vesicles.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['seminal vesicle carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced disease']

entities_list: @entity342 :: ('CHEBI:50113', 'Chemical') :: ['androgen']

entities_list: @entity420 :: ('MESH:D000230', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma']

answer: @entity420 :: (MESH:D000230,Disease) :: ['adenocarcinoma']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The changing landscape of health care as a result of the @entity1 Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) may provide new opportunities for @entity283 ( @entity283 ). The purpose of this study was to survey @entity283 in the United States on their knowledge and attitudes of the ACA and assess their perceptions of job growth under the law. A random sample of 220 (36% response rate) certified @entity283 completed a 53-item cross sectional survey administered online through Qualtrics. Findings were compared to public opinion on health care reform. @entity283 are highly favorable of the law (70%) compared to the general public (23%). A total of 85% of respondents were able to list a provision of the ACA, and most (81%) thought the ACA would be successful at increasing insured Americans. Over half (64.6%) believe job opportunities will increase. Those who viewed the law favorably were significantly more likely to score better on a knowledge scale related to the ACA. @entity283 understand publicized provisions but are uncertain about common myths and specific provisions related to Title IV, "Prevention of @entity102 and Improving Public Health." Directed and continuing education to @entity283 regarding the ACA is warranted.

title: Health Education Specialists' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of the XXXX Protection and Affordable Care Act.

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['Chronic Disease']

entities_list: @entity283 :: ('OMIM:603663', 'Disease') :: ['health education specialists', 'HES']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['Patient']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 @entity15652 ( @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1), also known as @entity15652 , belongs to MazG-like @entity9953 pyrophosphatase (NTP-PPase) superfamily. Being a newly identified pyrophosphatase, its relevance to tumorigenesis and the mechanisms are not well investigated. In the present study, we have confirmed our previous study that @entity15652 was significantly hyperexpressed in @entity0 and further demonstrated its strong association with @entity5 progression and poor prognosis in @entity0 . Knockdown of @entity15652 in @entity0 cell line MCF-7 cells remarkably retarded proliferation and colony formation in vitro. The capacity of mammosphere formation of MCF-7 was suppressed with the silence of @entity15652 , which was consistent with the enhanced mammosphere-forming ability in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. To further dissect the mechanisms of @entity15652 in promoting @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance, its biochemical properties and biological functions were investigated. @entity15652 displayed bioactive form with tetrameric structure similar to other MazG domain-containing pyrophosphatases based on structure simulation. A substrate preference for @entity19683 and its methylated or @entity10021 -modified derivatives over the other canonical (deoxy-) NTPs was demonstrated from enzymatic assay. This substrate preference was also proved in @entity0 cells that the intracellular @entity73070 level increased in @entity15652 -deficient MCF-7 cells but decreased in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, global methylation level was elevated in @entity15652 -knockdown MCF-7 cells or mammosphere-forming MCF-7 cells but decreased significantly in @entity15652 -overexpressed MDA-MB-231 cells and its mammospheres. Our results thus indicated that @entity1 @entity15652 was capable of modulating the concentration of intracellular @entity73070 . This in turn affected global methylation, contributing to a known phenomenon of hypomethylation related to the @entity5 cell growth and @entity3308 maintenance. Our current investigations point to the pathological functions of @entity15652 overexpression in @entity0 cells with aberrant @entity19683 metabolism and epigenetic modification.

title: @entity1 @entity19683 pyrophosphatase 1 promotes @entity0 cell growth and @entity3308 through the modulation on XXXX metabolism and global hypomethylation.

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity15652 :: ('79077', 'Gene') :: ['DCTPP1', 'XTP3-transactivated protein A']

entities_list: @entity9953 :: ('CHEBI:17326', 'Chemical') :: ['nucleoside triphosphate']

answer: @entity73070 :: (MESH:C034817,Chemical) :: ['5-methyl-dCTP']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aim of our study was to determine the predictive impact of certain serum immunological markers on @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in @entity1 with @entity463 ( @entity463 ). METHODS: We assayed prospectively values of @entity1199 ( @entity1199 ), immunoglobulin G (IgG), C4, CD3+, @entity404 + and @entity405 + cells via flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radial immunodiffusion in preoperative sera of adult @entity1 with de novo histologically confirmed supratentorial @entity463 . Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess clinical, laboratory, and treatment prognostic factors for @entity1349 . RESULTS: Twenty-six consecutive @entity1 were identified with a mean age of 59.6 years. Median follow up was 12 months. Lower @entity1199 values (<7.97 pg/ml vs. >= 7.97 pg/ml, P = 0.029) und @entity404 + counts (<200 cells/ l vs. >= 200 cells/ l, P < 0.001) correlated significantly with a shorter @entity1349 . The independent prognostic relevance of @entity404 + counts was confirmed by the multivariate analysis (HR = 0.010, 95% CI 0.001-0.226, P = 0.011). Further independent prognostic factors for @entity1349 were type of resection (resection vs. biopsy) and administration of radiotherapy (yes/no). CONCLUSION: Preoperative values @entity1199 and @entity404 + cells in sera may carry a prognostic impact. Novel diagnostic models prior to histopathological confirmation may be used to predict prognosis of @entity1 with @entity463 . Future studies should investigate whether targeting immune factors, such as @entity404 + and @entity1199 , may improve the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity463 .

title: Prognostic value of the preoperative immunological profile in @entity1 with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity463 :: ('MESH:D005909', 'Disease') :: ['glioblastoma multiforme', 'GBM']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity463 :: (MESH:D005909,Disease) :: ['glioblastoma']


abstract: Twenty-four @entity1 were admitted to Kasr-El-Aini Hospital with suspected diagnoses of @entity9111 . The @entity1 underwent clinical examinations, stool specimen analyses for cysts and trophozoites of @entity2330 , radiologic examinations, and routine liver function tests. In one @entity1 , a liver scintiscan was obtained. Ultrasonographic examination was performed on all @entity1 using the gray scale imaging technique. In 20 @entity1 , the diagnoses of @entity9111 were demonstrated by ultrasonographic examination. In 19 @entity1 , @entity9111 were verified by aspiration biopsies (95%), and one @entity1 had a false-positive result. This false-positive result was due to a degenerated @entity157 , demonstrated by aspiration biopsy. Of the 19 @entity1 , 12 @entity1 (63.12%) had right lobe abscesses and seven (36.89%) had @entity867 . The site, size and nature of the pus contained in the abscess could be determined by ultrasonographic examination and, therefore, helped in the management and technique of the aspiration biopsy. In addition, follow-up data could be more detailed using ultrasonographic examinations. Ultrasonographic examination is a noninvasive, safe, accurate, and rapid method of diagnosis, and is highly recommended as a routing procedure in all cases of suspected @entity9111 in the pre- and posttreatment stages of the disease. It is also recommended as an indicator of complete cure at follow-up examination.

title: Ultrasonography and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity2330 :: ('5759', 'Species') :: ['Entamoeba histolytica']

entities_list: @entity9111 :: ('MESH:D008101', 'Disease') :: ['amoebic liver abscesses']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoma']

entities_list: @entity867 :: ('MESH:D001922', 'Disease') :: ['left lobe abscesses']

answer: @entity9111 :: (MESH:D008101,Disease) :: ['amoebic liver abscesses']


abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of carmofur ( @entity11221 ), a masked compound of @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ), in preventing postoperative recurrence of @entity5464 (especially in @entity150 ). Carmofur was given orally at the dose of 300 approximately 600 mg/day to 134 @entity1 (90 males and 44 females) after the resection. Out of 134 @entity1 , 121 @entity1 were evaluable and the rate of their recurrence was 10.7%. The rate of cumulative nonrecurrence for 65 @entity1 it was 96.0, 73.0 and 60.8% in 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively. The group of curative resection demonstrated a higher cumulative nonrecurrence rate than that of noncurative or palliative resection group. In considering the resection methods, transurethral resection of @entity150 group demonstrated a higher rate than partial or total cystectomy. The average concentration of @entity1487 in serum was 0.65 microgram/ml at 120 minutes after oral administration of 200 mg of carmofur. Moreover, the concentration of @entity1487 (15 approximately 35 micrograms/ml) in urine was higher than that of carmofur. The rate of side effects that appeared was 19.6%. The side effects were hot feeling (12.2%), pollakisuria (4.3%), @entity448 (4.3%), an antabuse-like reaction by drinking (3.8%) and so on. These results were similar to those already reported.

title: [Study on effectiveness of carmofur (Mifurol) in XXXX , especially @entity150 , as a post-operative adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent].

entities_list: @entity5464 :: ('MESH:D014565', 'Disease') :: ['urogenital carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity448 :: ('MESH:D000855', 'Disease') :: ['anorexia']

entities_list: @entity150 :: ('MESH:D001749', 'Disease') :: ['bladder tumor', 'bladder cancer']

answer: @entity5464 :: (MESH:D014565,Disease) :: ['urogenital carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe practice patterns and adverse events associated with @entity3810 ( @entity3727 ) administration as the primary sedative outside the operating room in varied settings by a diverse range of providers, and to identify @entity1 and sedation characteristics associated with adverse events. STUDY DESIGN: Data prospectively collected by the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium, which is comprised of 40 @entity1 's and general/community hospitals, was retrospectively analyzed for @entity1 who received @entity3727 as the primary sedative. Descriptive measures of @entity1 and sedation characteristics and adverse events were reported. A multivariable regression model was used to assess potential associations between @entity1 and sedation characteristics and adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 1634 @entity3727 administrations were identified. The majority was performed in sedation units, and most by advanced practice nurses or physician assistants. The most common adjunct medication was @entity1363 . There was a low prevalence of adverse events (6.5%), with @entity391 as the most common (2.4%) and only 3 (0.2%) serious adverse events reported. The odds of @entity391 increased when concomitant opioids were administered (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.14, 7.32) and when nil per os (NPO) clear fluids <2  hours (OR 4.16, 95% CI 1.61, 10.76). NPO full meal <6  hours did not change the odds of @entity391 (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.57, 3.57). There were no aspiration events. CONCLUSIONS: There was a very low prevalence of serious adverse events during @entity3727 administration in @entity1 outside of the operating room and by nonanesthesiologists. The odds of @entity391 increased when concomitant opioids were administered and NPO clear fluids <2  hours.

title: Practice Patterns and Adverse Events of XXXX Sedation and Analgesia: A Report from the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity391 :: ('MESH:D014839', 'Disease') :: ['vomiting']

entities_list: @entity3810 :: ('MESH:D009609', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrous oxide']

entities_list: @entity1363 :: ('MESH:D008874', 'Chemical') :: ['midazolam']

answer: @entity3810 :: (MESH:D009609,Chemical) :: ['Nitrous Oxide']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Clinicians switch from one @entity935 agonist to another for various reasons. However, each change may inadvertently result in certain potential risks such as decreased medication efficacy or new side-effects. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the tolerability of a switch of @entity2847 to @entity23150 using two conversion ratios as a primary outcome measure, with motor function as a secondary outcome measure, in @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 ( @entity191 ). METHODS: Twenty consecutive @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 (Hoehn and Yahr, stage II-III) on treatment with stable doses of @entity2847 and levodopa were randomized to two groups of 10 @entity1 each, to receive @entity23150 based on 1:5 or 1:10 conversion ratios. Blinded evaluations were performed: 1) @entity304 's Diseased Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores both in 'on' and 'off', 2) Open-ended interviews for adverse events, 3) Epworth Sleepiness Scale, 4) Purdue Pegboard assessment during 'on' and 'off', 5) Hand-arm movement test during 'on' and 'off', and 6) Walking test during 'on' and 'off'. RESULTS: Major adverse events included ' @entity25 ' in one @entity1 and minor side-effects included giddiness, @entity390 , @entity1833 , sleepiness and lethargy. However, these were mild and 19 (95%) of the 20 @entity1 completed the study. There was a significant improvement in both the UPDRS 'off' total and motor scores at 1 month compared with baseline for the group on 1:10 ratio. The walking times during the 'off' state at 1 and 2 months were significantly better compared with baseline in the 1:5 group. There were otherwise no significant differences in the rating tests during both 'off' and 'on' states before and after the @entity2847 switch. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that @entity1 with mild to moderate @entity191 who were on relatively low doses of @entity2847 can be safely switched to @entity23150 based on a conversion ratio of either 1:5 or 1:10. However, the higher conversion ratio has to be carried out with caution in @entity1 with daytime somnolence.

title: XXXX and @entity2847 in @entity191 : a single-blind crossover study.

entities_list: @entity2847 :: ('MESH:D001971', 'Chemical') :: ['bromocriptine']

entities_list: @entity304 :: ('MESH:D010302', 'Disease') :: ['United Parkinson']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine']

entities_list: @entity191 :: ('MESH:D010300', 'Disease') :: ["Parkinson's disease", 'PD']

entities_list: @entity1833 :: ('MESH:D006212', 'Disease') :: ['hallucinations']

entities_list: @entity25 :: ('MESH:D012893', 'Disease') :: ['sleep attacks']

entities_list: @entity23150 :: ('MESH:D010891', 'Chemical') :: ['piribedil']

answer: @entity23150 :: (MESH:D010891,Chemical) :: ['Piribedil']


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the effects of intravenous @entity3264 ( @entity7647 ) administration on the expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory mediators in a @entity19 model of hind limb @entity63 /reperfusion (IR) injury. METHODS: There were 3 IR groups and 1 normal control (NC) group. The NC group did not undergo the IR procedure. @entity19 in the IR groups underwent 90 minutes of limb @entity63 followed by a variable period of reperfusion. @entity63 was performed by applying a 4.5-oz orthodontic rubber band to the left thigh. @entity19 in one IR group were sacrificed immediately after reperfusion. The other 2 IR groups were injected once with either 0.75 g @entity7647 /kg body weight (G group) or an equal volume of saline (S group) via tail vein before reperfusion. @entity19 in the S and G groups were subdivided and sacrificed at 4 or 24 hours after reperfusion. RESULTS: IR enhanced the inflammatory cytokine gene expressions in muscle. Also, plasma @entity777 levels, blood neutrophil percentage, and the adhesion molecule and chemokine receptors expressed by leukocytes were upregulated after reperfusion. The IR-induced muscle inflammatory mediator gene expressions, blood macrophage percentage, and plasma @entity777 concentration had declined at an early or a late phase of reperfusion when @entity7647 was administered. Histologic findings also found that @entity651 was attenuated during IR insult. CONCLUSIONS: A single dose of @entity7647 administration immediately after sublethal lower limb @entity63 reduces the inflammatory reaction locally and systemically; this may offer local and distant organ protection in hind limb IR injury.

title: @entity3264 Administration After Sublethal Lower Limb @entity63 Reduces Inflammatory Reaction and Offers Organ Protection in XXXX /Reperfusion Injury.

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['Ischemia', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['remote lung injury']

answer: @entity63 :: (MESH:D007511,Disease) :: ['Ischemia']


abstract: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide ( @entity38615 )-like material was localised immunohistochemically in the hypothalamus of the @entity1573 hen. Abundant immunoreactive @entity38615 terminals were seen in the external layer of the median eminence and most immunoreactive @entity38615 cell bodies were located in the basal hypothalamus. A few immunoreactive @entity38615 cell bodies and many fibres were found in the preoptic hypothalamus. Intravenous injections of synthetic porcine @entity38615 over a dose range of 12.5 to 100 micrograms kg-1 body wt resulted in dose-related increase in concentration of plasma prolactin in incubating @entity1573 deprived of their nests for 24 hr. These doses of @entity38615 did not stimulate the release of @entity17548 . Studies in vitro showed that synthetic @entity38615 directly stimulated prolactin release from the anterior pituitary gland. The glands from incubating @entity1573 were more responsive to the prolactin-releasing effects of @entity38615 than were the glands from laying birds. Studies in vitro showed that the amount of prolactin released in response to an iv injection of 50 micrograms kg-1 @entity38615 was greater in incubating birds deprived of their nests for 24 hr than in laying hens. Prolactin release was not stimulated in ovariectomized hens after an injection of 50 micrograms kg-1 @entity38615 unless the birds were first treated with @entity2931 or @entity2931 and @entity1420 . It was concluded that a @entity38615 -like material in the @entity1573 hypothalamus may be a physiological prolactin-releasing factor acting at least in part at the level of the anterior pituitary gland.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evidence that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide is a physiological prolactin-releasing factor in the XXXX hen.

entities_list: @entity1420 :: ('MESH:D011374', 'Chemical') :: ['progesterone']

entities_list: @entity2931 :: ('CHEBI:50114', 'Chemical') :: ['oestrogen']

answer: @entity1573 :: (9031,Species) :: ['bantam']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular with @entity1 , yet how @entity1 use CAM in relation to orthodox medicine (OM) is poorly understood. AIM: To explore how @entity1 integrate CAM and OM when self-managing @entity102 . DESIGN OF STUDY: Qualitative analysis of interviews. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals attending private CAM practices in the UK, who had had a chronic benign condition for 12 months and were using CAM alongside OM for more than 3 months. @entity1 were selected to create a maximum variation sample. The interviews were analysed using framework analysis. RESULTS: Thirty five @entity1 interviews were conducted and seven categories of use were identified: using CAM to facilitate OM use; using OM to support long-term CAM use; using CAM to reduce OM; using CAM to avoid OM; using CAM to replace OM; maximising relief using both CAM and OM; and returning to OM. @entity1 described initiating CAM use following a perceived lack of suitable orthodox treatment. @entity1 rejecting OM for a specific condition never totally rejected OM in favour of CAM. CONCLUSION: @entity1 utilise CAM and OM in identifiably different ways, individualising and integrating both approaches to manage their chronic conditions. To support @entity1 and prevent potential adverse interactions, open dialogue between @entity1 , OM practitioners, and CAM practitioners must be improved.

title: Integrated medicine in the management of XXXX : a qualitative study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illness']

answer: @entity102 :: (MESH:D002908,Disease) :: ['chronic illness']


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To test fidelity and preliminary efficacy of Tele-Savvy, an internet-based version of the in- @entity1 , evidence-based psychoeducation Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) for @entity303 caregivers. Tele-Savvy used synchronous (tele-conferences) and asynchronous components (video modules) to provide program access to caregivers in their homes. DESIGN AND METHODS: SCP experts were surveyed to evaluate Tele-Savvy's fidelity to SCP. A convenience sample of 30 @entity303 caregivers from the Atlanta VA Medical Center enrolled in the Tele-Savvy clinical demonstration program. Twenty-two caregivers completed both pre- and postprogram evaluations, which included measures of caregiver stress and competence and @entity146 ( @entity146 ). RESULTS: Expert review confirmed Tele-Savvy's fidelity with and, in certain domains, improvement on the original. @entity1 demonstrated moderately high initial levels of burden, @entity148 , and depressive symptoms all of which decreased significantly postprogram in an intention to treat analysis. Similar reductions were seen in care recipients' @entity146 and caregivers' reactions to them. Marginally significant increases in caregiver competence were observed. Caregiver and expert panel evaluations of program quality were enthusiastic. IMPLICATIONS: An effective online caregiver psychoeducation program could provide greatly expanded access for caregivers who cannot attend in @entity1 for reasons of distance, transportation limitations, and caregiving responsibilities. Further testing in a controlled trial is needed to establish program efficacy.

title: Development and Implementation of Tele-Savvy for XXXX Caregivers: A Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Demonstration Project.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Participants', 'person']

entities_list: @entity303 :: ('MESH:D003704', 'Disease') :: ['dementia']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia', 'BPSD']

answer: @entity303 :: (MESH:D003704,Disease) :: ['Dementia']


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11150 -derived enzymes are widely used as dough additives in the baking industry. These enzymes may give rise to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated sensitization and occupational @entity565 . Glucoamylase (or amyloglucosidase) is an important industrial enzyme obtained from @entity11150 and used to provide fermentable @entity3363 for @entity375 to improve loaf volume and texture. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the potential allergenic role of glucoamylase in @entity8060 . METHODS: We report four subjects with work-related @entity56 respiratory symptoms who were exposed to glucoamylase and other starch-cleaving enzymes used as baking additives. The causative role of glucoamylase in work-related @entity565 was investigated by immunologic tests and specific inhalation challenges (SIC). Glucoamylase allergenic components were characterized by @entity3208 - @entity2975 gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Skin prick tests to glucoamylase (10 mg/mL) gave a positive response in all @entity1 . Further, a positive skin prick test to alpha-amylase was obtained in the four @entity1 and to hemicellulase in two of them. SIC to glucoamylase elicited isolated early asthmatic responses in the three @entity1 tested, and SIC to alpha-amylase elicited early asthmatic responses in two @entity1 and a dual asthmatic response in another @entity1 . Immunoblotting with glucoamylase showed several IgE-binding bands with molecular masses between 33 and 96 kD. IgE-inhibition assays showed scarce to moderate allergenic cross-reactivity between glucoamylase and alpha-amylase. CONCLUSIONS: These bakers had developed IgE-mediated occupational @entity565 to glucoamylase and alpha-amylase. @entity364 is widely used as a baking additive and this enzyme may give rise to @entity56 respiratory reactions among exposed workers.

title: Glucoamylase: another fungal enzyme associated with XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity3208 :: ('MESH:D012967', 'Chemical') :: ['sodium dodecyl sulfate']

entities_list: @entity11150 :: ('5061', 'Species') :: ['Aspergillus niger', 'Aspergillus']

entities_list: @entity364 :: ('MESH:D009181', 'Disease') :: ['Fungal glucoamylase']

entities_list: @entity56 :: ('MESH:D004342', 'Disease') :: ['allergic']

entities_list: @entity2975 :: ('CHEBI:51135', 'Chemical') :: ['polyacrylamide']

entities_list: @entity8060 :: ('MESH:D011151', 'Disease') :: ["baker's asthma"]

answer: @entity8060 :: (MESH:D011151,Disease) :: ['baker's asthma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate diagnostic image quality of high-pitch dual source comprehensive cardiothoracic CT protocol in @entity1 presenting with acute undifferentiated @entity662 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Consecutive symptomatic subjects (n=51) with undifferentiated acute @entity662 underwent ECG-synchronized high-pitch dual-spiral chest CT angiography (Definition Flash, Siemens Medical Solutions, 2   100 kVp or 2   120 kV if BMI>30, collimation: 128   0.6mm, pitch: 3.2). Independent investigators determined the image quality of each cardiac and pulmonary vessel segment, measured contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), and determined radiation exposure. In addition, the prevalence of CT findings ( @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ), @entity1580 ( @entity1580 ) and significant @entity3979 (>=  50%)) was determined. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine the subpopulation with highest diagnostic quality. RESULTS: Among 51 subjects (66% male, average age: 63    15.8), the prevalence of positive CT findings was moderate (overall: 11.7%). Overall, image quality of the pulmonary, aortic and coronary vasculature was good (1.26    0.43 and CNR: 2.52) with an average radiation dose of 3.82 @entity2073 and 3.2% of segments rated non-evaluable. The image quality was lowest in the coronary arteries (p=0.02), depending on the heart rate (r=0.52, p<0.001). In subjects with a heart rate of  <= 65 bpm (n=30) subjective image quality and CNR of the coronary arteries were higher (1.6    0.5 vs. 2.1    0.5, p=0.03 and 1.21    0.3 vs. 1.02    0.3, p=0.05) with only 1.5% segments classified as non-evaluable. CONCLUSION: High-pitch dual-spiral comprehensive cardiothoracic CT provides low radiation exposure with excellent image quality at heart rates  <= 65 bpm. In subjects with higher heart rates, image quality of the aortic and @entity358 remains excellent, while the assessment of the coronary arteries degrades substantially.

title: Diagnostic image quality of a comprehensive high-pitch dual-spiral cardiothoracic CT protocol in @entity1 with undifferentiated acute XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity662 :: ('MESH:D002637', 'Disease') :: ['chest pain']

entities_list: @entity1151 :: ('MESH:D011655', 'Disease') :: ['PE', 'pulmonary embolism']

entities_list: @entity3979 :: ('MESH:D023921', 'Disease') :: ['coronary stenosis']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary vasculature']

entities_list: @entity1580 :: ('MESH:C562834', 'Disease') :: ['aortic dissection', 'AD']

answer: @entity662 :: (MESH:D002637,Disease) :: ['chest pain']


abstract: The present study was aimed at analyzing the responsiveness of the ventrobasal (VB) thalamic neurons in @entity35 presenting with a hyperalgic carrageenin-produced @entity32 . The following were studied: the responses of the same VB neuron, before and 15-145 min after the plantar injection of carrageenin in a part of its receptive field (RF) (acute phase); the responses of VB neurons located in the thalamus contralateral to the @entity1931 inflamed paw, 24-96 h after the injection (subacute phase); and the effect of a local anesthetic injected in the inflamed paw, and that of an intravenous injection of @entity117 , on neuronal response modifications. Responses of VB neurons initially activated by light tactile stimuli (group 1; n = 4) and by moderate joint stimulation (group 3; n = 4) were not modified in the early period following the carrageenin injection. By contrast, in the first few minutes following the injection. VB neurons exclusively driven by noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli (group 2; n = 23), exhibited a clear enhancement of their responses, which persisted during the observation period. These modifications were also observed for responses obtained from part of the RF remote from the injection site; moreover there was an extension of the RF to areas distant from the injured paw. The local injection of an anesthetic ( @entity3303 ) in this paw, suppressed the modifications of responses of group 2 neurons, elicited not only from the injected paw, but also from the remote parts of the RF. At this time @entity117 was almost inefficient (even at the dose of 100 mg/kg) on responses of these group 2 neurons. In the subacute phase responses of 72 somatosensory neurons were analyzed. Twenty-five of 72 responded to rapid repetitive light tactile stimulation applied on a small contralateral RF (group 1); their responses were similar to those encountered in a normal situation. Thirty-three of 72 neurons responded to intense mechanical stimuli such as pinches (group 2). For half of them the response characteristics were similar to those described in the normal @entity35 ; for the other half responses appeared 'faded': short duration; absence of after-discharge; poor reproducibility. Fourteen of 72 neurons responded to moderate stimulation of the joints, deep tissues and/or surrounding cutaneous areas of the inflamed paw (group 3). Their RF was mostly unilateral, i.e. contralateral to the recording site; the responses were sustained during the stimulation but rarely exhibited after-discharge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Modifications in the responsiveness of XXXX ventrobasal thalamic neurons at different stages of carrageenin-produced @entity32 .

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammation']

entities_list: @entity1931 :: ('MESH:D006930', 'Disease') :: ['hyperalgesic']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['Aspirin']

entities_list: @entity3303 :: ('MESH:D008012', 'Chemical') :: ['Xylocaine']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['rat']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity355 may be at increased risk of @entity694 , including @entity5 . However, different studies of this have yielded conflicting results. The objective of this analysis was to review all existing published data in an attempt to determine whether there is such an association and, if so, to estimate the level of risk. METHODS: We have reviewed all of the published studies examining the prevalence of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity355 . We have compared these with a cohort of @entity1 drawn from the general population and participating in @entity14 screening programs. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity694 in @entity1 with @entity355 was 7.6% compared with 1.6% in the control group. The pooled odds ratio for @entity694 in @entity355 was 5.19 (p < 0.0001). In a small subgroup analysis, the odds ratio for @entity694 in @entity1 identified as having @entity355 with specialized columnar epithelium was 8.71 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity1 with @entity355 have an increased risk of @entity694 . This may be particularly true in those @entity1 with specialized columnar epithelium.

title: A systematic review of the association between @entity355 and XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity355 :: ('MESH:D001471', 'Disease') :: ["Barrett's esophagus"]

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity14 :: ('MESH:D015179', 'Disease') :: ['colorectal cancer']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon neoplasms', 'colon cancer']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon neoplasms']


abstract: Environmental stressors including @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) during pre-, neo- and post-natal age have been documented to affect cognitive development and cause increased susceptibility to @entity146 . Most studies have addressed either of the three windows and that does not emulate the clinical conditions of @entity851 ( @entity851 ). Such data fail to provide a complete picture of the behavioral alterations in the F1 generation. The present study thus addresses the larger window from gestation to F1 generation, a new model of intra-generational @entity3147 . Naive Sprague Dawley (SD) dams pre-gestationally switched to LP (8% protein) or @entity4306 (20% protein) diets for 45 days were bred and maintained throughout gestation on same diets. Pups born ( @entity4306 /LP dams) were maintained on the respective diets post-weaningly. The present study aimed to show the sex specific differences in the neurobehavioral evolution and behavioral phenotype of the @entity4306 /LP F1 generation pups. A battery of neurodevelopmental reflex tests, behavioral (Open field and forelimb gripstrength test), and cognitive [Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM)] assays were performed. A decelerated growth curve with significantly restricted body and brain weight, delays in apparition of neuro-reflexes and poor performance in the LP group @entity35 was recorded. Intra-generational @entity3147 induced poor habituation-with-time in novel environment exploration, low @entity148 and hyperactive like profile in open field test in young and adult @entity35 . The study revealed poor forelimb neuromuscular strength in LP F1 pups till adulthood. Group occupancy plots in MWM test revealed @entity2915 with poor learning, @entity2414 and integration, thus modeling the signs of early onset Alzehemier phenotype. In addition, a gender specific effect of LP diet with severity in males and favoring female sex was also noticed.

title: Slow Physical Growth, Delayed Reflex Ontogeny, and Permanent Behavioral as Well as Cognitive Impairments in XXXX Following Intra-generational Protein Malnutrition.

entities_list: @entity851 :: ('MESH:D006130', 'Disease') :: ['intra-uterine growth restriction', 'IUGR']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['neuropsychiatric disorders']

entities_list: @entity2915 :: ('MESH:D006948', 'Disease') :: ['hyperactivity']

entities_list: @entity3147 :: ('MESH:D044342', 'Disease') :: ['PMN', 'protein malnutrition']

entities_list: @entity2414 :: ('MESH:D008569', 'Disease') :: ['impaired memory retention']

answer: @entity35 :: (10116,Species) :: ['Rats']


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of dietary @entity1853 on selected immune parameters of young @entity233 . A total of 357 one-day-old female Hybrid Converter @entity233 were randomly divided into three groups with low, medium and high level of dietary me- @entity32341 (LM, MM, HM) of seven replicates each. @entity1853 was added to the basal diet (LM) at 0.16% (MM) and 0.32% (HM). At 17 days of age, seven birds per group were vaccinated against @entity281 , with ORNITIN (ABIC) vaccine. At 28 days of age, blood was sampled and the birds were euthanized. The serum concentrations and activity of selected biochemical parameters, total IgY and IgM, and vaccine-induced antibody titers (IgY) against ORT were determined. The percentages of @entity71492 +, @entity71493 +, @entity71492 +/ @entity71493 + T cell subpopulations and IgM+ B cell subpopulation were determined in blood and organs by flow cytometry. Different supplementary levels of @entity1853 had no significant effect on vaccine-induced anti- body titers against ORT or total serum IgM and IgY levels, as well as on the percentages of periph- eral blood T and B cell subsets. Increasing dietary @entity1853 rates decreased the percentage of @entity71492 + T cell subpopulation, however it has increased the percentage of IgM+ B cell subpopulation in the spleen. Vaccination against ORT resulted in a significant decrease in the percentage of @entity71492 + T cell subset and an increase in the percentage of @entity71493 + T cell subset in the spleen. It could be concluded that MM @entity233 have developed the most desirable values of immune parameters.

title: Immunological and biochemical indicators in XXXX fed diets with a different @entity1853 content.

entities_list: @entity1853 :: ('MESH:D008715', 'Chemical') :: ['Methionine', 'methionine']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['Ornithobacterium rhinotraheale (ORT) infection']

answer: @entity233 :: (9103,Species) :: ['turkeys']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with @entity9826 , an abnormally short, thickened, or tight lingual frenulum, may have @entity5773 mobility and sequelae, such as speech and feeding difficulties and social concerns. We systematically reviewed literature on feeding, speech, and social outcomes of treatments for @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity9826 . METHODS: Medline, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Embase were searched. Two reviewers independently assessed studies against predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Two investigators independently extracted data on study populations, interventions, and outcomes and assessed study quality. RESULTS: Two randomized controlled trials, 2 cohort studies, and 11 case series assessed the effects of frenotomy on feeding, speech, and social outcomes. Bottle feeding and social concerns, such as ability to use the tongue to eat ice cream and clean the mouth, improved more in treatment groups in comparative studies. Supplementary bottle feedings decreased over time in case series. Two cohort studies reported improvement in articulation and intelligibility with treatment. Other benefits were unclear. One randomized controlled trial reported improved articulation after Z-frenuloplasty compared with horizontal-to-vertical frenuloplasty. Numerous noncomparative studies reported speech benefits posttreatment; however, studies primarily discussed modalities, with outcomes including safety or feasibility, rather than speech. We included English-language studies, and few studies addressed longer-term speech, social, or feeding outcomes; nonsurgical approaches, such as complementary and alternative medicine; and outcomes beyond infancy, when speech or social concerns may arise. CONCLUSIONS: Data are currently insufficient for assessing the effects of frenotomy on nonbreastfeeding outcomes that may be associated with @entity9826 .

title: Treatment of XXXX for Reasons Other Than Breastfeeding: A Systematic Review.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'Children', 'infants']

entities_list: @entity5773 :: ('MESH:D014060', 'Disease') :: ['restricted tongue']

entities_list: @entity9826 :: ('MESH:C562396', 'Disease') :: ['ankyloglossia']

answer: @entity9826 :: (MESH:C562396,Disease) :: ['Ankyloglossia']


abstract: Prazosin kinetics were studied after single doses (intravenous and oral, 0.5 mg) and after increasing multiple doses (0.5 to 5 mg three times daily) in eight @entity1 with @entity101 . After intravenous administration the kinetics could be described by a linear two-compartment open model. Terminal half-life ( @entity5893 ) was about 3 hr and apparent volume of distribution ( @entity12095 ) about 0.6 l/kg. After oral doses bioavailability ranged between 55% and 82%. Since total plasma clearance was low (0.14 l/kg x hr) incomplete bioavailability was the result of incomplete absorption rather than of first-pass liver metabolism. The estimated extraction ratio was about 14%. Renal clearance was negligible; only 1% to 2% of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine. Binding to plasma proteins to both albumin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was substantial (97%), with albumin being most important. Increasing multiple doses showed that @entity3159 followed first-order kinetics with a linear correlation between dose and steady-state plasma concentration (P less than 0.001). There were substantial variations in plasma concentrations between @entity1 and there were also day-to-day variations in concentration within the same @entity1 .

title: Prazosin kinetics in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension']

entities_list: @entity3159 :: ('MESH:D011224', 'Chemical') :: ['prazosin']

answer: @entity101 :: (MESH:D006973,Disease) :: ['hypertension']


abstract: During the 17 years preceding March 1985, 140 @entity1 sustained @entity23869 caused by 44 thunderbolts. Fifty @entity1 showed evidence of current flow through their bodies. These 50 victims were classified into two groups, the first consisting of 9 victims who showed @entity397 of their clothes or linear superficial dermal burns along their whole bodies from head to feet, indicating the occurrence of surface flashovers. The remaining 41 @entity1 showed no evidence of this flash effect. It is noteworthy that in the first group 5 of the 9 survived, whereas in the second group only 6 among 41 survived. The result indicates that when a flashover occurs along the whole body, the probability of survival is higher than 50 per cent. The conditions which determine @entity204 or survival were investigated experimentally, imposing artificial lightning voltage impulses on @entity35 and developing flashovers on them. The @entity35 survived when the voltage drop caused by flashover occurred immediately after the peak point, and the current waveform exhibited a sharp peak. In contrast, the @entity35 were killed when the voltage drop caused by flashover was delayed by more than 20 microseconds, and the current waveform showed a blunt cone shape. It has been concluded that a fast flashover appreciably diminishes the energy dissipation within the body and consequently results in survival.

title: @entity23869 caused by discharges accompanying flashovers--a clinical and experimental study of XXXX and survival.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity23869 :: ('MESH:D015168', 'Disease') :: ['lightning injuries']

answer: @entity204 :: (MESH:D003643,Disease) :: ['death']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Circulating DNA is observed at higher concentrations in @entity1 with @entity2 than in controls. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating DNA is a promising noninvasive tool. Our aim was to prospectively study the association between the catalytic subunit of telomerase ( @entity1 telomerase reverse transcriptase [ @entity2215 ]) in plasma and clinical variables and survival in a large-scale @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) study. METHODS: Four hundred forty-six @entity1 with stages IIIB and IV @entity1149 with a median follow-up of 9.7 months (range, 0.5-45) were analyzed. Blood samples were collected before therapy start ( @entity900 / @entity1205 ). Quantification of baseline circulating DNA was determined as the amount of free @entity2215 in plasma, by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity2215  <= 49.8 ng/ml (median value) had a median @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) of 6.3 months compared with 4.9 for @entity2215 more than 49.8 ng/ml (p = 0.001). @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was significantly higher (10.9 versus 9.3 months) at lower @entity2215 levels (p = 0.012). When calculations were done using @entity2215 as continuous variable, we did not observe independent significant differences. Thus, there is an apparent discrepancy in p values when @entity2215 is considered as a continuous versus dichotomized variable. There was a tendency to differentiate median @entity2215 levels with respect to response rates (complete response + partial response: 33.1 versus stable disease + progressive disease: 50.7 ng/ml, p = 0.12), but other clinical variables such as age, gender, performance status, stage, histology, and number of metastatic locations were not associated with @entity2215 . In multivariate analysis, @entity2215 was an independent prognostic variable for both @entity1054 (hazard ratio: 1.44, p < 0.001) and @entity1349 (hazard ratio: 1.33, p = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS: In advanced @entity1149 , high pretreatment circulating @entity2215 level is an independent poor prognostic marker for @entity1054 and @entity1349 . Circulating DNA is a noninvasive marker, which may help to improve the prognostic profile of these @entity1 .

title: Circulating DNA is a useful prognostic factor in XXXX with advanced @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'non-small cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity2 :: ('MESH:D008175', 'Disease') :: ['lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['TTP', 'time to progression']

entities_list: @entity1205 :: ('MESH:C067311', 'Chemical') :: ['docetaxel']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'Overall survival']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Context Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal is traditionally used for treating various ailments, but lacks scientific evaluation. Objective This study evaluates Withania somnifera (WS) for its effect on platelet activity and inflammatory enzymes. Materials and methods Aqueous and ethanolic (1:1) leaf extracts were subjected to in vitro indirect haemolytic activity using @entity32766 venom, @entity1 @entity1423 was quantified for lipid peroxidation using @entity1426 (AA) as agonist and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) levels were determined using standard spectrometric assays. Further, molecular docking was performed by the ligand fit method using molegro software package (Molegro ApS, Aarhus, Denmark). Results The study found that aqueous and @entity1068 extracts have very negligible effect (15%) with an IC50 value of 13.8   mg/mL on PLA2 from @entity32766 venom. Further, extracts of WS also had very little effect (18%) with an IC50 value of 16.6   mg/mL on @entity1234 ( @entity1865 ) formation. However, a 65% inhibition of 5-LOX with an IC50 value of 0.92   mg/mL was observed in 1:1 @entity1068 extracts. The same was evident from SAR model with the active ingredient @entity12900 binding predominantly on @entity815 77, Tyr 98, @entity534 99, @entity2574 164, Leu 168, Ser 382, @entity534 395, Tyr 396 and Tyr 614 with an atomic contact energy value of   -128.96 compared to standard @entity42430 (-103.61). Thus, the current study validates the application of WS for @entity32 . Conclusion This study reveals the inhibitory potential of W. somnifera on inflammatory enzymes and @entity1423 . Thus, WS can serve as a newer, safer and affordable medicine for @entity32 .

title: Evaluating the inhibitory potential of XXXX and inflammation enzymes: An in vitro and in silico study.

entities_list: @entity32 :: ('MESH:D007249', 'Disease') :: ['inflammatory diseases']

entities_list: @entity12900 :: ('MESH:C009684', 'Chemical') :: ['withaferin A']

entities_list: @entity42430 :: ('MESH:C015429', 'Chemical') :: ['phenidone']

entities_list: @entity1423 :: ('MESH:D001791', 'Disease') :: ['platelet aggregation']

entities_list: @entity1426 :: ('MESH:D016718', 'Chemical') :: ['arachidonic acid']

entities_list: @entity1234 :: ('MESH:D008315', 'Chemical') :: ['malondialdehyde']

answer: @entity1423 :: (MESH:D001791,Disease) :: ['Withania somnifera on platelet aggregation']


abstract: Eleven pediatric @entity3153 @entity1 underwent surgery. Four had left, 5 right cardiac type and 2 had @entity3153 . Two @entity1 had 2 accessory conduction pathways (ACP). @entity4924 and secundum type @entity118 were the association @entity299 in one @entity1 each. Indications for surgery included repeated and/or long-lasting @entity4710 ( @entity4710 ), ineffective drug therapy, @entity712 due to frequent @entity591 , short effective refractory period of the ACP, and simultaneous surgery for associated @entity299 . Pre- and intra-operative examinations, including ECG, VCG, UCG, body surface mapping, intracavitary recording by catheter electrodes, computerized epicardial mapping, and endocardial mapping, were performed for the precise localization of the ACP. The surgical method was basically the same as is used for adults. Anterior median stermotomy was used primarily in right cardiac and right septal type and left anterior thoracotomy was used in 3 of 4 cases of the left cardiac type. Eight of 11 cases, two of which had 3 ACPs, were completely cured and in 3 there was evidence of postoperative pre-excitation. However, the @entity4710 attacks disappeared almost completely and drug therapy is not required at present.

title: Surgical treatment of the @entity3153 in XXXX and @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4710 :: ('MESH:D013617', 'Disease') :: ['PSVT', 'paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac failure']

entities_list: @entity4924 :: ('MESH:D004437', 'Disease') :: ["Ebstein's anomaly"]

entities_list: @entity591 :: ('MESH:D013610', 'Disease') :: ['tachycardia']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['congenital cardiac diseases']

entities_list: @entity118 :: ('MESH:D006344', 'Disease') :: ['atrial septal defect']

entities_list: @entity3153 :: ('MESH:D014927', 'Disease') :: ['Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome', 'right septal type WPW syndrome']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['infants']


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity731 leads to lesional @entity39 and likely promotes @entity1344 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity1442 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity165 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity165 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity19 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity165 -trafficking protein @entity30385 have a selective defect in @entity165 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity165 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity165 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- and @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 . Although @entity1442 in @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity165 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- @entity19 were substantially more cellular and less @entity39 . Moreover, compared with @entity30385 +/-; @entity6970 -/- lesions, @entity30385 +/+; @entity6970 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity39 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity19 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity165 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity731 and that the ER-based model of @entity165 -induced @entity137 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity39 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional @entity39 and macrophage apoptosis in XXXX @entity731 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'necrosis']

entities_list: @entity1442 :: ('MESH:D020178', 'Disease') :: ['advanced lesions']

entities_list: @entity1344 :: ('MESH:D043171', 'Disease') :: ['plaque instability']

entities_list: @entity731 :: ('MESH:D050197', 'Disease') :: ['atherosclerotic lesions']

entities_list: @entity165 :: ('MESH:D002784', 'Chemical') :: ['cholesterol']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['murine']


abstract: Chemotherapy is an integral part of modern day treatment regimen but anticancer drugs fail to demarcate between cancerous and normal cells thereby causing severe form of systemic @entity137 . Among which @entity358 is a dreadful complication developed in @entity5 @entity1 upon cyclophosphamide (CP) therapy. @entity66 , @entity82 , and apoptosis are the major patho-mechanisms involved in CP-induced @entity358 . In the present study, we have synthesized Nano-Se, nanotechnology-based new form of elemental selenium which has significantly lower @entity137 and acceptable bioavailability. In order to meet the need of effective drugs against CP-induced adverse effects, nano selenium (Nano-Se) was tested for its possible protective efficacy on CP-induced @entity358 and @entity236 . @entity8769 resulted in @entity2383 which was revealed by massive histopathological changes. @entity651 was associated with oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation as evident by increased in reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide level, and malondialdehyde (MDA) formation with decreased in level of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, @entity72029 , glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and @entity5533 . Furthermore, CP at a dose of 25  mg/kg b.w. increased pulmonary DNA damage ('comet tail') and triggered DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in @entity19 @entity236 . On the other hand, Nano-Se at a dose of 2  mg  Se/kg b.w., significantly inhibited CP-induced DNA damage in bronchoalveolar lavage cells, and decreased the apoptosis and percentage of DNA fragmentation in @entity236 and also antagonized the reduction of the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the increase level of MDA. Thus, our results suggest that Nano-Se in pre- and co-administration may serve as a promising preventive strategy against CP-induced @entity358 .

title: Nano-Se attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced XXXX through modulation of oxidative stress and DNA damage in Swiss albino @entity19 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity66 :: ('MESH:D004194', 'Disease') :: ['Oxidative stress']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cancer']

entities_list: @entity72029 :: ('54486(Tax:10090)', 'Gene') :: ['glutathione-S-transferase']

entities_list: @entity651 :: ('MESH:D055370', 'Disease') :: ['Lung injury']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary toxicity']

entities_list: @entity236 :: ('MESH:D001855', 'Disease') :: ['bone marrow toxicity', 'bone marrow cells']

entities_list: @entity8769 :: ('MESH:D000435', 'Disease') :: ['CP intoxication']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['structural and functional lung impairment']

answer: @entity651 :: (MESH:D055370,Disease) :: ['pulmonary injury']


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity238 suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a worldwide emerging pest of soft fruits, but its cold tolerance has not been thoroughly explored. We determined the cold tolerance strategy, low temperature thermal limits, and @entity545 of cold tolerance in both male and female adult D. suzukii. We reared flies under common conditions (long days, 21  C; control) and induced @entity545 by @entity1170 ( @entity1170 , 1h at 0  C followed by 1h recovery), cold acclimation (CA, 5days at 6  C) or acclimation under @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ). D. suzukii had supercooling points (SCPs) between -16 and -23  C, and were chill-susceptible. 80% of control flies were killed after 1h at -7.2  C (males) or -7.5  C (females); CA and @entity1054 improved survival of this temperature in both sexes, but @entity1170 did not. 80% of control flies were killed after 70h (male) or 92h (female) at 0  C, and @entity1054 shifted this to 112h (males) and 165h (females). @entity1054 flies entered chill coma (CTmin) at approximately -1.7  C, which was ca. 0.5  C colder than control flies; @entity1170 and CA increased the CTmin compared to controls. Control and @entity1170 flies exposed to 0  C for 8h took 30-40min to recover movement, but this was reduced to <10min in CA and @entity1054 . Flies placed outside in a field cage in London, Ontario, were all killed by a transient cold snap in December. We conclude that adult phenotypic @entity545 is not sufficient to allow D. suzukii to overwinter in temperate habitats, and suggest that flies could overwinter in association with built structures, or that there may be additional cold tolerance imparted by developmental @entity545 .

title: Adult @entity545 of cold tolerance in a continental-temperate population of XXXX suzukii.

entities_list: @entity545 :: ('MESH:D010411', 'Disease') :: ['plasticity']

entities_list: @entity1054 :: ('MESH:D000377', 'Disease') :: ['FA', 'fluctuating temperatures']

entities_list: @entity238 :: ('7227', 'Species') :: ['Drosophila']

entities_list: @entity1170 :: ('MESH:C564983', 'Disease') :: ['RCH', 'rapid cold-hardening']

answer: @entity238 :: (7227,Species) :: ['Drosophila']


abstract: ADEPT (antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy) is a novel therapeutic approach that targets an enzyme into @entity5 to convert a relatively nontoxic prodrug into an active cytotoxic agent. This method has a number of advantages, including the @entity137 , but to date it has not realized its full potential. A critical component of ADEPT is the choice of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) to target the enzyme into the @entity5 mass. Prior studies have utilized MAbs directed against @entity5 cell surface antigens which are oftentimes labile and heterogeneous in nature and do not provide an ideal site for the enzyme. As an alternative approach, we now describe the use of @entity39 ( @entity39 ) MAbs to deliver the enzyme to @entity39 regions of @entity5 in order to enhance the effectiveness of ADEPT. Biodistribution and autoradiographic studies performed using @entity39 MAbs have shown that localization of these antibodies occurs in @entity5 and that binding is retained within the @entity5 mass for extended periods of time. Since @entity39 regions are often located in the center of @entity5 , are universal in nature, and constitute between 30 and 80% of the @entity5 mass, @entity39 MAbs may be ideal targeting agents for ADEPT. To test this hypothesis, fusion proteins consisting of single chain Fv ( @entity10390 ), @entity1334 , or F(ab')2 fragments of chTNT-3 and the @entity1 beta-glucuronidase (betaG) enzyme were constructed for ADEPT. Each of these reagents was tested to assess specificity and avidity of antigen binding as compared to the parental antibody. In addition, studies were performed to demonstrate enzymatic function of the fusion proteins and retention of catalytic activity in circulating blood, specific tissues, and @entity5 after in vivo administration. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of radiolabeled fusion proteins were conducted over time to evaluate the characteristics of the fusion proteins. Finally, one of the constructs (chTNT-3 @entity1334 /betaG) was used in a pilot treatment study with a glucuronide prodrug of @entity632 to demonstrate the anti- @entity5 activity of ADEPT using the chemoresistant MAD109 @entity19 lung carcinoma @entity5 model transplanted into BALB/c @entity19 . The results of these experiments show that all three constructs retained their antigen binding capability and demonstrated active enzymatic function against substrate in vitro. Moreover, after in vivo administration, the betaG enzyme was shown to localize to @entity5 and remain active for up to 9 days demonstrating a key characteristic of @entity39 targeting. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies confirmed specific localization of the fusion proteins and rapid clearance from blood and normal tissues over time. Finally, therapeutic studies using only two doses of fusion protein followed by prodrug administration demonstrated active @entity137 against @entity5 without systemic @entity137 . These preliminary studies show that the use of @entity39 MAbs to target the enzyme to the @entity5 may be a significant advance in ADEPT and that further studies are warranted to test this novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of solid @entity5 .

title: Chimeric XXXX -3/ @entity1 beta-glucuronidase fusion proteins for antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (ADEPT).

entities_list: @entity632 :: ('MESH:D004317', 'Chemical') :: ['doxorubicin']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity', 'reduction of systemic toxicity', 'cytotoxicity']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotic', 'Tumor Necrosis Therapy', 'TNT']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['established tumors', 'tumor', 'degenerating cells and necrotic regions of tumors', 'tumors']

answer: @entity39 :: (MESH:D009336,Disease) :: ['TNT']


abstract: A pharmacoeconomic analysis was carried out comparing the efficacy of two treatment options for @entity497 ( @entity497 ): @entity23315 and @entity4581 . It was a retrospective analysis using a decision tree model. The efficacy of the two treatment options was estimated from a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, in which 800 mg/day oral @entity23315 for 10 days was compared to 1000 mg/day oral @entity4581 for 10 days in @entity1 with @entity497 (162 and 156 respectively). The use of resources was estimated based on the clinical trial and Spanish sources, and the unit costs from a Spanish health costs database. Costs were evaluated for the acquisition of antibiotic treatments, change of antibiotic due to therapeutic failure, hospital admissions, adverse reactions to treatment, primary care visits, tests and indirect costs (working days lost). The model was validated by a panel of Spanish clinical experts. As the clinical trial was designed to show equivalence, there were no significant differences in efficacy between the treatment options (clinical cure rate 88.3% and 88.5%, respectively), and a cost minimization analysis was performed. In the base case, the average cost of the disease per @entity1 was 308.29 @entity7634 with @entity23315 and 331.5 @entity7634 with @entity4581 (a difference of 23.21 @entity7634 ). The results were stable in the susceptibility analysis, with differences favorable to @entity23315 ranging between 5.50 and 45.45 @entity7634 . @entity23315 results in a cost savings of up to 45.45 @entity7634 per @entity497 @entity1 compared to @entity4581 .

title: [Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity497 treatment with @entity23315 or XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity4581 :: ('MESH:D017291', 'Chemical') :: ['clarithromycin']

entities_list: @entity497 :: ('MESH:D003147', 'Disease') :: ['CAP', 'community-acquired pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity23315 :: ('MESH:C106791', 'Chemical') :: ['Telithromycin', 'telithromycin']

answer: @entity4581 :: (MESH:D017291,Chemical) :: ['clarithromycin']


abstract: A total of 1,924 @entity1 ( @entity309 , 835; @entity571 , 1,073; volunteers, 16) received @entity2852 in United States clinical trials. Nine hundred eighty-eight @entity1 have received @entity2852 treatment for periods of more than one year, and 375 @entity1 have received treatment for longer than two years. Four hundred eighty @entity1 over 65 years of age have received treatment with @entity2852 , and 224 of these elderly @entity1 have received treatment for periods of more than one year. The @entity2852 dose most commonly used in all double-blind trials was 1,000 mg at night. In long-term, open-label studies, which were usually extensions of the double-blind trials, @entity1 could increase the dose to 2,000 mg per day. Nine hundred nineteen @entity1 received doses of more than 1,000 mg per day. Adverse experience information was collected at each visit, including information for some @entity1 receiving treatment for more than three years. Laboratory data were collected periodically throughout the trials, and the data were assessed for trends over time. The adverse experience pattern observed for @entity2852 is similar to that described for clinical trial data for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is noteworthy that the pattern observed for @entity2852 is from clinical trials with approximately 1,000 @entity1 receiving treatment for periods of one year or more. This long-term @entity1 exposure in clinical trials far exceeds long-term clinical trial data for other agents. The types and frequencies of adverse experiences reported by @entity1 treated with @entity2852 are relatively constant over the long time period covered by these trials. Also, the adverse experience patterns remained generally constant over time for various populations: all @entity1 , @entity1 65 or older, female @entity1 , male @entity1 , and @entity1 who received an increased dose of @entity2852 . Although some statistically significant trends were detected for some laboratory parameters, there was little indication of significant clinical patterns. Although there were @entity1 with individually important laboratory values, @entity2852 was not associated with clinically important adverse laboratory patterns. Overall, the adverse experience data and laboratory data indicate that @entity2852 is safe for the treatment of adult @entity1 with @entity309 or @entity571 .

title: Safety evaluation of XXXX in United States clinical trials.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'patient', 'persons']

entities_list: @entity2852 :: ('MESH:C035605', 'Chemical') :: ['nabumetone']

entities_list: @entity309 :: ('MESH:D001172', 'Disease') :: ['rheumatoid arthritis']

entities_list: @entity571 :: ('MESH:D010003', 'Disease') :: ['osteoarthritis']

answer: @entity2852 :: (MESH:C035605,Chemical) :: ['nabumetone']


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate ranibizumab 0.5 mg using bimonthly monitoring and individualized re-treatment after monthly follow-up for 6 months in @entity1 with @entity227 due to @entity1103 ( @entity1103 ). DESIGN: A phase IIIb, 18-month, prospective, open-label, multicenter, single-arm study in the United Kingdom. @entity1 : @entity1 (N  = 109) with @entity227 due to @entity1103 . METHODS: @entity1 received 3 initial monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg injections (day 0 to month 2), followed by individualized best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography-guided re-treatment with monthly (months 3-5) and subsequent bimonthly follow-up (months 6-18). Laser was allowed after month  6. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean change in BCVA from baseline to month 12 (primary end point), mean change in BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) from baseline to month 18, gain of >= 10 and >= 15 letters, treatment exposure, and incidence of adverse events over 18 months. RESULTS: Of 109 @entity1 , 100 (91.7%) and 99 (90.8%) completed the 12 and 18 months of the study, respectively. The mean age was 63.7 years, the mean duration of @entity1103 was 40 months, and 77.1% of the @entity1 had received prior laser treatment (study eye). At baseline, mean BCVA was 62.9 letters, 20% of @entity1 had a baseline BCVA of >73 letters, and mean baseline CRT was 418.1  m, with 32% of @entity1 having a baseline CRT <300  m. The mean change in BCVA from baseline to month 6 was  +6.6 letters (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.9-8.3), and after institution of bimonthly treatment the mean change in BCVA at month 12 was  +4.8 letters (95% CI, 2.9-6.7; P < 0.001) and  +6.5 letters (95% CI, 4.2-8.8) at month 18. The proportion of @entity1 gaining >= 10 and >= 15 letters was 24.8% and 13.8% at month 12 and 34.9% and 19.3% at month 18, respectively. @entity1 received a mean of 6.8 and 8.5 injections over 12 and 18 months, respectively. No new ocular or nonocular safety findings were observed during the study. CONCLUSIONS: The BCVA gain achieved in the initial 6-month treatment period was maintained with an additional 12 months of bimonthly ranibizumab PRN treatment.

title: Ranibizumab 0.5 mg for XXXX with Bimonthly Monitoring after a Phase of Initial Treatment: 18-Month, Multicenter, Phase IIIB RELIGHT Study.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants', 'PARTICIPANTS']

entities_list: @entity227 :: ('MESH:D014786', 'Disease') :: ['visual impairment']

entities_list: @entity1103 :: ('MESH:D008269', 'Disease') :: ['DME', 'diabetic macular edema']

answer: @entity1103 :: (MESH:D008269,Disease) :: ['Diabetic Macular Edema']


abstract: A variety of heavy metals are recognized as environmental pollutants, and although a significant body of literature exists on the acute @entity137 of these metals in various tissues, little is known about the effects of metals such as @entity349 on host defense. Therefore, the effect of @entity3143 ( @entity3143 ) on @entity1 polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) function in vitro was evaluated. The acute @entity137 of @entity3143 for @entity1 PMN was calculated initially using vital dye exclusion (trypan blue), and @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Concentrations of @entity3143 less than or equal to 10(-6) M did not induce significant LDH release, or uptake of @entity3460 . Additionally, @entity3143 at less than or equal to 10(-7) M produced no ultrastructural alterations in the PMN. The effects of @entity3143 on @entity1 PMN functions involved in host defense were evaluated next. @entity3143 consistently suppressed @entity1 PMN adherence, polarization, chemotaxis, and erythrophagocytosis at concentrations between 10(-6) and 10(-17) M. Because of the established role of @entity26 metabolites in host defense, the effects of @entity3143 on @entity1 PMN chemiluminescence and @entity274 production were evaluated next. These studies demonstrated that low concentrations of @entity3143 (ie, 10(-9)-10(-15) M) significantly enhanced chemiluminescence, as well as stimulated @entity274 production by the PMN. These studies clearly demonstrate the ability of extremely low levels of @entity3143 not only to suppress various PMN functions involved in host defense, but also to stimulate @entity26 metabolism. In vivo, these @entity3143 effects would not only compromise host defense but also promote tissue injury via the local production of @entity26 metabolites.

title: Effects of @entity349 on XXXX polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in vitro.

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3143 :: ('MESH:D008627', 'Chemical') :: ['mercuric chloride', 'HgCl2']

entities_list: @entity349 :: ('MESH:D008628', 'Chemical') :: ['mercury']

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity3460 :: ('MESH:D014343', 'Chemical') :: ['trypan blue']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['lactate']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['human']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out the features of glycemic excursion via continuous @entity413 monitoring system (CGMS) during continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion (CSII) treatment in type 2 @entity6 and discuss the possibility of predicting @entity7965 with bedtime @entity413 level. METHODS: A total of 257 @entity6 @entity1 (156 males and 101 females, aged from 27 - 88 years old) with 0.1 - 40 years diabetic history were recruited. Their HbA1c level was (10.97    2.11)%. Glycated albumin level was (31.88    7.51)%. All @entity1 were switched to CSII therapy while a 72-hour period of CGMS was performed. @entity1 were divided into @entity4053 group and non- @entity4053 group according to the reading of hypoglycemic events from CGMS data. RESULTS: (1) From CGMS profiles, the investigators found that @entity7584 was (9.66    2.00) mmol/L and SDBG (2.98    1.03) mmol/L. (2) A total of 243 @entity4053 events occurred in 118 @entity1 at early stage of CSII treatment. (3) When bedtime blood @entity413 was below 5.9 mmol/L, the youden index was maximal on a receiver operating characteristic curve. The sensitive was 54.8% and specificity 77.8%. Positive predictive value was 44.3% and negative predictive value 84.2%. So the cut-off point of bedtime blood @entity413 to predict @entity4053 might be 5.9 mmol/L. CONCLUSION: (1) @entity4053 as detected by CGMS occurs in almost 1/2 type 2 @entity6 during CSII therapy. (2) There is a higher risk of @entity4053 if the bedtime blood @entity413 concentration falls below 5.9 mmol/L.

title: [Prediction of XXXX with bedtime @entity413 level during continuous subcutaneous @entity2690 infusion in type 2 @entity6 ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'patients', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetics', 'diabetes']

entities_list: @entity4053 :: ('MESH:D007003', 'Disease') :: ['hypoglycemia', 'Hypoglycemia', 'nocturnal hypoglycemia']

entities_list: @entity7965 :: ('MESH:D006457', 'Disease') :: ['nocturnal hypoglycaemia']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity7965 :: (MESH:D006457,Disease) :: ['nocturnal hypoglycaemia']