abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1555 ( @entity1555 ) is a progressive @entity121 with severe @entity299 . It is believed that cellular oxidative stress and augmented @entity141 signaling drives the development of cardiac pathology. Some @entity2383 have also been reported. Here we investigate cellular mechanisms responsible for impaired mitochondrial metabolism in @entity296 at early stages of the disease. We employed electrophysiological and imaging techniques to study mitochondrial structure and function in cardiomyocytes from mdx @entity19 , an animal model of @entity1555 . Here we show that mitochondrial matrix was progressively oxidized in myocytes isolated from mdx @entity19 . Moreover, an abrupt increase in workload resulted in significantly more pronounced oxidation of mitochondria in dystrophic cells. Electron micrographs revealed a gradually increased number of damaged mitochondria in mdx myocytes. Degradation in mitochondrial structure was correlated with progressive increase in mitochondrial @entity141 sequestration and mitochondrial depolarization, despite a substantial and persistent elevation in resting cytosolic @entity1372 levels. Treatment of mdx cells with @entity205 , an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), shifted both resting and workload-dependent mitochondrial redox state to the levels recorded in control myocytes. It also significantly reduced workload dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane in @entity3986 . Overall, our studies highlight age dependent deterioration of mitochondrial function in @entity3986 , which seems to be associated with excessive opening of mPTP due to oxidative stress and cellular @entity141 overload.

title: XXXX during progression of @entity296 .

entities_list: @entity296 :: ('MESH:D009202', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic cardiomyopathy']

entities_list: @entity3986 :: ('MESH:D009136', 'Disease') :: ['dystrophic cardiomyocytes']

entities_list: @entity1555 :: ('MESH:D020388', 'Disease') :: ['Duchenne muscular dystrophy', 'DMD']

entities_list: @entity205 :: ('MESH:D016572', 'Chemical') :: ['cyclosporine A']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac complications']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle disease']

entities_list: @entity2383 :: ('MESH:D028361', 'Disease') :: ['mitochondrial and metabolic dysfunctions']

answer: @entity2383 :: (MESH:D028361,Disease) :: ['Mitochondrial dysfunctions']


abstract: We conducted a telephone survey in Houston in March 1983 to assess the level of @entity117 use among @entity1 during the @entity683 season. We completed interviews of 200 households with 346 @entity1 aged 12 years or younger. Fifty-two percent of the 346 @entity1 experienced at least one acute illness in the preceding three months. Fever was measured with a thermometer in 114 ill @entity1 , 103 of whom had at least one measured temperature of 37.7 degrees C or greater. Fourteen percent of these 103 @entity1 received @entity117 only, 61% received @entity1443 only, and 20% received both. Among a subgroup of 44 @entity1 with temperatures of at least 39.4 degrees C, 11% received @entity117 only, 59% received @entity1443 only, and 27% received both. Only 60% of the 200 parents interviewed had heard of @entity5868 . Forty-two percent knew of the association between @entity5868 and @entity117 use. The survey suggests that @entity1443 has replaced @entity117 as the major antipyretic used by @entity1 in Houston. If the decline in @entity117 use in Houston is representative of the population in the United States, and if @entity117 is causally related to @entity5868 , the incidence of @entity5868 may decline.

title: Antipyretic use among XXXX during the 1983 @entity683 season.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children']

entities_list: @entity117 :: ('MESH:D001241', 'Chemical') :: ['aspirin']

entities_list: @entity683 :: ('MESH:D007251', 'Disease') :: ['influenza']

entities_list: @entity5868 :: ('MESH:D012202', 'Disease') :: ["Reye's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity1443 :: ('MESH:D000082', 'Chemical') :: ['acetaminophen']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['children']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1759 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity5 cells they lead to @entity5 invasion, progression, and @entity3 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity1721 ( @entity1721 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity5 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity1 with @entity1721 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity1 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity5 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity5 (P=0.033), stage of @entity5 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity5 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity5 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity1759 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity1 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of @entity1759 isoforms S and V3, in XXXX with @entity1721 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity1721 :: ('MESH:C562729', 'Disease') :: ['Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma', 'ESCC']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Progression of CKD toward @entity454 is heterogeneous. The @entity177 Risk Equation (KFRE) was developed to identify CKD @entity1 at high risk of @entity454 . We aimed to externally validate KFRE and to test whether the addition of predefined Duplex ultrasound markers - renal resistive index (RRI) or difference of resistive indices in spleen and kidney (DI-RISK) - improved @entity454 prediction. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity1 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The prospective Cardiovascular and Renal Outcome in CKD 2-4 @entity1 -The Fourth Homburg evaluation (CARE FOR HOMe) study recruits CKD stage G2-G4 @entity1 referred to a tertiary referral center for nephrologic care. Four hundred three CARE FOR HOMe @entity1 enrolled between 2008 and 2012 had available RRI measurements at study inclusion; they were subsequently followed for a mean of 4.4  1.6  years. This subcohort was used to validate KFRE and to assess the added value of the ultrasound markers (new models KFRE+RRI and KFRE+DI-RISK). Model performance was assessed by log-likelihood ratio test, c-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement metrics (for study @entity1 without subsequent @entity454 [IDI No @entity454 ] and for @entity1 with @entity454 [IDI @entity454 ]), and calibration plots. If either new model improved on KFRE, we determined to validate it in an independent cohort of 162 CKD @entity1 . RESULTS: KFRE predicted @entity454 in CARE FOR HOMe @entity1 with a c-statistic of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.99). Adding RRI improved the KFRE model (P<0.001), and the KFRE+RRI model was well calibrated; however, the c-statistic (0.91 [0.83-1.00]) was similar, and overall sensitivity (IDI No @entity454 =0.05 [0.00-0.10]) or overall specificity (IDI @entity454 =0.00 [0.00-0.01]) did not improve. Adding DI-RISK did not improve the KRFE model. In the external validation cohort, we confirmed that the KFRE+RRI model did not outperform KFRE. CONCLUSIONS: Routine Duplex examinations among CKD @entity1 did not improve risk prediction for progression to @entity454 beyond a validated equation.

title: External Validation of the XXXX Risk Equation and Re-Calibration with Addition of Ultrasound Parameters.

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['Kidney Failure']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Patients', 'patients', 'PARTICIPANTS']

answer: @entity177 :: (MESH:D051437,Disease) :: ['Kidney Failure']


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A postprandial fall in BP occurs frequently in older individuals and in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . The magnitude of this decrease in BP is related to the rate of gastric emptying (GE). Intravenous administration of @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) attenuates the @entity551 response to intraduodenal @entity413 in healthy older individuals. We sought to determine the effects of exogenous @entity5445 on BP, GE, @entity6029 ( @entity6029 ) flow and glycaemic response to oral ingestion of @entity413 in healthy older individuals and @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: Fourteen older volunteers (six @entity1 , eight @entity1 ; age 72.1        1.1  years) and ten @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (six @entity1 , four @entity1 ; age 68.7        3.4  years; HbA1c 6.6        0.2% [48.5        2.0  mmol/mol]; nine with blood @entity413 managed with @entity2449 , two with a @entity5736 and one with a @entity5735 inhibitor) received an i.v. infusion of @entity5445 (0.9  pmol  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or saline (154  mmol/l @entity4202 ) for 150  min (t   =   -30  min to t   =   120  min) in randomised order. At t   =   0  min, volunteers consumed a radiolabelled 75  g @entity413 drink. BP was assessed with an automated device, GE by scintigraphy and @entity6029 flow by ultrasonography. Blood @entity413 and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS: @entity5445 attenuated the fall in diastolic BP after the @entity413 drink in older individuals (p   <   0.05) and attenuated the fall in systolic and diastolic BP in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 (p   <   0.05). GE was faster in @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 than in healthy individuals (p   <   0.05). In both groups, individuals had slower GE (p   <   0.001), decreased @entity6029 flow (p   <   0.05) and a lower degree of glycaemia (p   <   0.001) when receiving @entity5445 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Intravenous @entity5445 attenuates the @entity551 response to orally administered @entity413 and decreases @entity6029 flow, probably by slowing GE. @entity5445 and 'short-acting' @entity5445 agonists may be useful in the management of postprandial @entity551 .

title: Effects of exogenous @entity5445 on blood pressure, heart rate, gastric emptying, mesenteric blood flow and glycaemic responses to oral @entity413 in older individuals with normal XXXX tolerance or @entity164 2 @entity6 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'men']

entities_list: @entity5735 :: ('1803', 'Gene') :: ['dipeptidyl-peptidase 4']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity6029 :: ('MESH:D013478', 'Disease') :: ['superior mesenteric artery', 'SMA']

entities_list: @entity5736 :: ('D013453', 'Chemical') :: ['sulfonylurea']

entities_list: @entity551 :: ('MESH:D007022', 'Disease') :: ['hypotensive', 'hypotension']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

entities_list: @entity2449 :: ('MESH:D008687', 'Chemical') :: ['metformin']

answer: @entity413 :: (MESH:D005947,Chemical) :: ['glucose']


abstract: AIM: Extracts of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. have been used to treat @entity631 for more than 30 years in China. Most of the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities of these extracts can be attributed to @entity9367 (Trip). The present study was to investigate the effect of Trip on @entity8 in a model of @entity1695 ( @entity1695 ). METHODS: @entity1695 or sham-operated @entity35 were randomly assigned to receive @entity618 ( @entity2098 ), Trip or vehicle and were killed on days 7 and 14 after @entity1695 or sham operation. Kidney specimens were fixed for immunohistochemistry for myofibroblasts (a-smooth muscle actin, a-SMA), macrophages (ED-1), @entity657 ( @entity657 ) and osteopontin. Interstitial collagen deposition and amounts of @entity1810 ( @entity1810 ) were determined by Sirius red staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The mRNA expression of @entity1810 , @entity2528 ( @entity2528 ), @entity657 and osteopontin were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: The scores for the density of a-SMA- and ED-1-positive cells, the staining of @entity657 and osteopontin, interstitial collagen deposition and amounts of @entity1810 were significantly reduced by @entity2098 or Trip. @entity2098 or Trip significantly reduced the mRNA expression of @entity1810 , @entity2528 , @entity657 and osteopontin. CONCLUSION: Trip significantly attenuated tubulointerstitial @entity82 in a @entity35 @entity1695 model and the effect of Trip on @entity8 was similar to that of @entity2098 . Trip may be useful as a potential candidate in the treatment of @entity8 .

title: @entity9367 attenuates XXXX in @entity35 with @entity1695 .

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['renal fibrosis', 'renal interstitial fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity82 :: ('MESH:D005355', 'Disease') :: ['fibrosis']

entities_list: @entity1695 :: ('MESH:D014517', 'Disease') :: ['UUO', 'unilateral ureteral obstruction']

entities_list: @entity657 :: ('24770(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['monocyte chemoattractant protein-1', 'MCP-1']

entities_list: @entity9367 :: ('MESH:C001899', 'Chemical') :: ['triptolide']

entities_list: @entity618 :: ('MESH:C063008', 'Chemical') :: ['mycophenolate mofetil']

entities_list: @entity1810 :: ('59086(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['transforming growth factor-b1', 'TGF-b1']

entities_list: @entity2528 :: ('64032(Tax:10116)', 'Gene') :: ['CTGF', 'connective tissue growth factor']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity8 :: (MESH:D007674,Disease) :: ['renal interstitial fibrosis']


abstract: The effects of dissolved @entity26 (DO) concentration on virally infected insect cells were investigated in 3-L bioreactor culture. Specifically, cultures of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 (Sf-9) and Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn-5B1-4 (Tn-5B1-4) were infected with Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus expressing secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). Following infection at a DO concentration of 50% air saturation, the DO concentration was adjusted to a final value of either 190%, 50%, or 10% air saturation. Recombinant SEAP production, cell viability, protein @entity6738 content, and @entity4466 reactive substances (TBARS) content were monitored. The increases in protein @entity6738 and TBARS contents are taken to be indicators of protein oxidation and lipid oxidation, respectively. DO concentration was found to have no noticeable effect on SEAP production or cell viability decline in the Sf-9 cell line. In the @entity7928 cell line, cells displayed an increased peak SEAP production rate for 190% air saturation and displayed an increased rate of viability decline at increased DO concentration. Protein @entity6738 content showed no significant increase in the Sf-9 cell line by 72 h postinfection (pi) at any DO concentration but showed a twofold increase at 10% and 50% DO concentration and a threefold increase at 190% DO concentration by 72 h pi in @entity7928 cells. TBARS content was found to increase by approximately 50% in Sf-9 cells and by approximately twofold in @entity7928 cells by 72 h pi with no clear relationship to DO concentration. It is hypothesized that @entity26 uptake changes due to the @entity1800 process may bear a relation to the observed increases in protein and lipid oxidation and that lipid oxidation may play an important role in the death of virally infected insect cells.

title: The response of virally infected insect cells to dissolved XXXX concentration: recombinant protein production and oxidative damage.

entities_list: @entity26 :: ('MESH:D010100', 'Chemical') :: ['oxygen']

entities_list: @entity1800 :: ('MESH:D014777', 'Disease') :: ['viral infection']

entities_list: @entity4466 :: ('MESH:C029684', 'Chemical') :: ['thiobarbituric acid']

entities_list: @entity6738 :: ('CHEBI:23019', 'Chemical') :: ['carbonyl']

answer: @entity26 :: (MESH:D010100,Chemical) :: ['oxygen']


abstract: Gastrointestinal and @entity242 are uncommon @entity5 . Out of 26 cases treated over the last 6 years, there were 16 smooth @entity5 (SMT) and 10 non @entity978 (ML). 7 cases of SMT were @entity1822 . The majority of the cases were found in the stomach. 8 cases presented as acute @entity341 while the non acute cases had non specific complaints. Despite the use of barium studies, gastroscopy and CT scan, only 5 cases were diagnosed preoperatively. The majority underwent curative resection. ML cases had a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. 2 @entity1 with large and high grade @entity1822 have died. 4 @entity1 with ML have also died, 2 with locally advanced disease and 2 with distant metastases. We conclude that most cases are not diagnosed preoperatively due to their rarity and nonspecific clinical presentation. The important prognostic factors are size and mitotic index for SMT and stage of the disease for ML.

title: Gastrointestinal and XXXX --local experience and review of the literature.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity242 :: ('MESH:D012509', 'Disease') :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['muscle tumours', 'tumours']

entities_list: @entity341 :: ('MESH:D004630', 'Disease') :: ['emergencies']

entities_list: @entity1822 :: ('MESH:D007890', 'Disease') :: ['leiomyosarcoma', 'leiomyosarcomas']

entities_list: @entity978 :: ('MESH:D006689', 'Disease') :: ['Hodgkin Lymphomas']

answer: @entity242 :: (MESH:D012509,Disease) :: ['retroperitoneal sarcoma']


abstract: While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a screening examination in the search for @entity3 , it has already demonstrated its value when performed as a carefully directed study to detect focal @entity99 . In the past 18 months we have encountered nine @entity1 (six @entity1 , three @entity1 --ages 14-66) with a variety of @entity5 ( @entity1358 , two; @entity694 , two; @entity157 , two; @entity3123 , one; @entity1911 , one; @entity980 , one) whose MR scans revealed @entity99 after normal or nondiagnostic computed tomographic (CT) scans. The lesions were most clearly demonstrated using spin echo (SE) technique with recovery times (TR) of 2.0 seconds and delay times (TE) of 56 msec; metastases usually imaged with greater signal intensity than surrounding liver parenchyma. Lesions were solitary in three @entity1 , multiple in six, and were found in all hepatic lobes without any specific location predominating. Pathologic confirmations of MR diagnoses were available in six of nine @entity1 . In two @entity1 , CT scans were of poor technical quality because streak artifacts from surgical clips obscured portions of the liver. In one @entity1 iodinated contrast medium could not be given. In the remaining six @entity1 CT scan quality was acceptable. This report is not a comparison study of the two modalities. We simply present nine @entity1 in whom metastases were not detected by CT for various reasons but were found by MRI using SE technique.

title: Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of XXXX in the presence of negative CT studies.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'men']

entities_list: @entity3123 :: ('MESH:C562463', 'Disease') :: ['pancreatic carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1911 :: ('MESH:D010673', 'Disease') :: ['pheochromocytoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['primary tumors']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['colon carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity1358 :: ('MESH:D002292', 'Disease') :: ['renal cell carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastatic disease']

entities_list: @entity980 :: ('MESH:D012208', 'Disease') :: ['rhabdomyosarcoma']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic metastases', 'hepatic lesions']

answer: @entity99 :: (MESH:D056486,Disease) :: ['hepatic metastases']


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity75 are concomitant to dislocated @entity174 in a high percentage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevance of @entity75 . METHODS: Seventy eight of an original cohort of 104 @entity174 (74  %) were studied over a follow-up period of one year after surgery with complete data (X-rays, CT, MRI, follow-up X-rays and questionnaire). RESULTS: Most of our @entity174 ( @entity69917 ) present additional lesions: 97  %. One-year evaluation showed an average Castaing score of 4.5      2.5 points, means a "good" result of a scale of 0-27. Fifty five of seventy eight had an "excellent" or "good" result (<6 points). No @entity1 had more than 12 points ("fair"). CONCLUSIONS: The dislocated distal radial @entity174 implies severe and complex injury to the whole wrist, mostly concerning @entity75 (MRI). Surgical therapy of dislocated @entity174 followed by 6  weeks relief through thermoplastic splint seems to be sufficient to achieve good 1-year results. MRI-detectable carpal lesions at the time of the radial @entity174 are common, but only a few of them seem to decompensate later, give symptoms and became of therapeutic relevance.

title: 1-Year outcome of concomitant XXXX in @entity1 with dislocated distal radial fractures: a systematic assessment of 78 distal radial fractures.

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['Ligamentous lesions', 'intracarpal lesions', 'intracarpal concomitant lesions']

entities_list: @entity174 :: ('MESH:D050723', 'Disease') :: ['distal radius fractures', 'fracture', 'radius fractures']

answer: @entity75 :: (MESH:D001927,Disease) :: ['intracarpal lesions']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1082 ) predisposes 500   000 @entity1 to @entity5 . Host genetic background may facilitate virus persistence in the uterine cervix. Polymorphisms in regulatory and coding regions of cytokine genes have been associated with susceptibility to some @entity1 diseases. AIM: This study aims at investigating whether @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 @entity43377 and @entity43376 polymorphisms are associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 /progression to @entity2784 ( @entity2784 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty-two HPV infected and 132 HPV negative @entity1 (the latter used as healthy controls) were analysed. @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were analysed using specific sequence polymorphism PCR (SSP-PCR). Univariate statistical analysis and a logistic regression were performed. RESULTS: The @entity310 -308A allele was associated with susceptibility to @entity1083 (p   =   0.0008), while the @entity8923 -607A allele conferred protection against @entity1083 (p   =   0.0043). @entity310 @entity15646 and @entity8923 ( @entity43377 and @entity43376 ) polymorphisms were not associated with development of @entity75 (p   >   0.05). An association was also observed between smoking and susceptibility to the development of @entity2784 . CONCLUSION: The findings suggest an association between two @entity310 SNPs and susceptibility to @entity1083 in @entity1 from Northeast Brazil. The results need to be functionally validated and replicated in other populations with different ethnic backgrounds.

title: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL) 18 genes polymorphisms are correlated with susceptibility to @entity1083 in XXXX with and without cervical @entity75 .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity1083 :: ('MESH:D030361', 'Disease') :: ['HPV infection']

entities_list: @entity75 :: ('MESH:D001927', 'Disease') :: ['cervical lesions']

entities_list: @entity1082 :: ('10566', 'Species') :: ['Human Papillomavirus (HPV']

entities_list: @entity2784 :: ('MESH:D065310', 'Disease') :: ['HSIL', 'high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective clinical analysis of @entity816 which contained a significant proportion of gemistocytes was carried out in order to evaluate their effect on prognosis, and other factors influencing prognosis. METHOD: From 253 consecutive cases of @entity5 in adults, 25 were selected who had more than 20% gemistocytes in every high-power field examined. 9 of these had @entity4575 , the remainder did not. They were divided into two groups according to the proportion of gemistocytes; group A, contained more than 60% gemistocytes, and group B, had between 20 and 60% gemistocytes. TUNEL and immunohistochemical staining for PCNA, @entity876 , Ki-67, @entity588 were performed in the 20 available cases. FINDINGS: The median follow-up period was 46 months. There were 14 recurrences, with a median time to recurrence of 15 months. Thirteen repeat operations were performed in nine cases, and two cases showed recurring malignant transformation. The overall median survival time following diagnosis was 73 months and the 5-year survival rate was 52%. There were no significant differences in median survival between groups A and B with different proportions of gemistocytes. On the other hand the median survival of the @entity816 with @entity4575 was 25 months, compared with 158 months for those without @entity4575 (p=0.0005). The significant impact of @entity4575 on survival persisted in both groups. There were no significant differences in immunohistochemical staining between the two groups, with the exception of staining for Ki-67 (means of the two groups: group A 1.40; group B 2.50). CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the proportion of gemistocytes does not itself affect prognosis.

title: The significance of gemistocytes in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytic tumours']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['gemistocytic astrocytomas', 'astrocytomas']

entities_list: @entity4575 :: ('MESH:D000708', 'Disease') :: ['anaplasia']

answer: @entity816 :: (MESH:D001254,Disease) :: ['astrocytoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a phase I dose escalation study to determine the maximum tolerated dose, recommended dose, and safety profile of a biweekly @entity136 and @entity3003 combination regimen in the treatment of @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 with completely resected pathologically documented stage IB, II, or IIIA @entity1149 , performance status (ECOG) 0-1, with adequate bone marrow, @entity177 , were treated with @entity136 and @entity3003 . The starting dose was @entity136 800 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 and @entity3003 area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) 4 mg/mL/min on day 1. @entity136 was increased to 1000 mg/m2 (level 3). @entity3003 was increased to AUC 5 (level 2, 3). The regimen was performed every 4 weeks. The dose-limiting @entity137 of the regimen was assessed during the first chemotherapy cycle. RESULTS: Nine @entity1 were enrolled in this study. All @entity1 were assessed for safety. Grade 3 @entity1431 occurred in 1 @entity1 (11%) and grade 3/4 @entity1398 occurred in 3 @entity1 (33%). No other grade 3/4 @entity137 was observed. No dose-limiting @entity137 was experienced at dose levels 1, 2, and 3 of this schedule. CONCLUSION: Maximum tolerated dose was not reached in this study. Considering treatment continuation, the recommended dose for a phase II study is @entity136 1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 15 and @entity3003 AUC 5 on day 1, every 4 weeks. Biweekly administration of @entity136 and @entity3003 is a feasible and well-tolerated regimen for the treatment of @entity1 with completely resected @entity1149 as adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: A phase I dose escalation study of biweekly @entity136 and XXXX in completely resected stage IB-IIIA @entity1149 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity3003 :: ('MESH:D016190', 'Chemical') :: ['Carboplatin', 'carboplatin']

entities_list: @entity1149 :: ('MESH:D002289', 'Disease') :: ['NSCLC', 'nonsmall cell lung cancer']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal, liver, and cardiac functions']

entities_list: @entity1398 :: ('MESH:D009503', 'Disease') :: ['neutropenia']

entities_list: @entity1431 :: ('MESH:D007970', 'Disease') :: ['leukopenia']

entities_list: @entity136 :: ('MESH:C056507', 'Chemical') :: ['Gemcitabine', 'gemcitabine']

answer: @entity3003 :: (MESH:D016190,Chemical) :: ['carboplatin']


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 with @entity157 ( @entity157 ), combination chemotherapy using @entity1487 , @entity900 , and @entity2664 (FMP) could achieve a response rate > 20%, but the beneficial effect was compromised by formidable adverse events. Chemotherapy given in a split-dose manner was associated with reduced @entity137 . In this retrospective study, we compared the efficacies and side effects between a regular and a split-dose FMP protocol approved in our medical center. METHODS: From 2005 to 2008, the clinical data of 84 @entity1 with far advanced @entity157 , who had either main @entity715 and/or extrahepatic @entity3 , were reviewed. Of them, 65 were treated by either regular (n = 27) or split-dose (n = 38) FMP and had completed at least one therapeutic course. The remaining 19 @entity1 were untreated. Clinical parameters, therapeutic responses, survivals and adverse events were compared. RESULTS: The median overall survival was 6.0, 5.2, and 1.5 months, respectively, in @entity1 receiving regular FMP, split-dose FMP, and no treatment (regular versus split-dose group, P = 0.447; regular or split-dose versus untreated group; P < 0.0001). @entity1 receiving split-dose treatment had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity1398 (51.9 versus 10.5%, P = 0.0005). When the two treated groups were combined, the median overall survival was 10.6 and 3.8 months respectively for @entity1 achieving disease control and progressive disease (P < 0.001). Cox proportion hazard model identified @entity1 -Pugh stage B (hazard ratio [HR], 2.216; P = 0.006), presence of extrahepatic @entity3 (HR, 0.574; P = 0.048), and achievement of disease control (HR, 0.228; P < 0.001) as independent factors associated with overall survival. Logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity10745 virus antibody (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; P = 0.002) @entity5 size (OR, 0.816; P = 0.036), and previous anti- @entity5 therapy (OR, 0.195; P = 0.017) were significantly associated with successful disease control. CONCLUSIONS: Comparable overall survival was observed between @entity1 receiving regular and split-dose FMP therapies. @entity1 receiving split-dose therapy had a significantly lower risk of grade 3/4 @entity1398 . @entity10745 virus antibody, smaller @entity5 size, and absence of previous anti- @entity5 therapy were independent predictors for successful disease control.

title: Retrospective comparison between a regular and a split-dose protocol of @entity1487 , @entity900 , and @entity2664 for the treatment of far XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Child', 'Patients', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicities']

entities_list: @entity10745 :: ('MESH:D006526', 'Disease') :: ['anti-hepatitis C', 'Positive anti-hepatitis C']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'cancer']

entities_list: @entity2664 :: ('MESH:D008942', 'Chemical') :: ['mitoxantrone']

entities_list: @entity900 :: ('MESH:D002945', 'Chemical') :: ['cisplatin']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity157 :: ('MESH:D006528', 'Disease') :: ['HCC', 'advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['portal vein thrombosis']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['5- fluorouracil']

answer: @entity157 :: (MESH:D006528,Disease) :: ['advanced hepatocellular carcinoma']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) using 3 robotic arms with those of @entity1661 ( @entity1661 ) in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity1 with stage @entity9217 -IIB cervical @entity189 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics underwent RRH between June 2006 and February 2009. @entity1 outcomes were compared with those of a historic cohort of 32 @entity1 who underwent @entity1661 , who were matched for age, stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and type of radical surgery. RESULTS: All RRHs were completed robotically with no conversions to laparotomy. Robotic radical hysterectomy showed favorable outcomes over @entity1661 in terms of the mean length of hospital stay (11.6 vs 16.9 days, P < 0.001) and the mean estimated @entity190 (220 vs 531 mL, P = 0.002). The mean operating time and the number of lymph node retrievals were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity260 between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up time was 15.3 months, and 2 @entity1 in the RRH group had recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms is feasible and preferable over @entity1661 for the treatment of @entity5 @entity1 . Prospective randomized trials should be completed to confirm the potential benefits associated with RRH.

title: A case-control study of robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms compared with @entity1661 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'Patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['early-stage cervical cancer', 'cervical cancer']

entities_list: @entity190 :: ('MESH:D006473', 'Disease') :: ['blood loss']

entities_list: @entity1661 :: ('MESH:D000008', 'Disease') :: ['ARH', 'abdominal radical hysterectomy']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity260 :: ('MESH:D011183', 'Disease') :: ['postoperative complications']

answer: @entity5 :: (MESH:D009369,Disease) :: ['cervical cancer']


abstract: Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) are essential in the recognition of foreign antigens in humoral immune response, which is genetically predetermined. Susceptibility to certain diseases that involve the immune response has been studied in relation to distinct HLA types. Although some diseases have been found to correlate to specific HLA loci positively, it has been difficult to isolate HLA types that predispose @entity1 to periodontal destruction. Here, we review the current knowledge and recent advances in HLA genetics and its biology, which determine susceptibility to early-onset @entity2521 (EOP). The @entity1533 *1501-DQB1*0602 genotype has been found with increasing frequency in EOP @entity1 . This HLA genotype expresses aspartic acid at position 57 and @entity2228 at position 70 on the DQ beta chain, suggesting a capability to bind certain bacterial antigens. The T cell response against the outer membrane protein (Ag53) of @entity2523 was examined via this HLA genotype. Strong T cell response against Ag53 p141-161 was inhibited partially by anti-DR antibody, but not by anti-DQ antibody. Possible host and bacterial peptides capable of binding @entity1533 *1501 were elucidated when the peptide sequence was compared to gene and protein databases. These results suggest that @entity1 who have the @entity1533 *1501-DQB1*0602 genotype may have an accelerated T cell response to certain periodontopathic bacteria such as @entity2523 in hyperimmune reactions and thus increased susceptibility to EOP.

title: HLA genetics for diagnosis of susceptibility to early-onset XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity2228 :: ('CHEBI:57305', 'Chemical') :: ['glycine']

entities_list: @entity2521 :: ('MESH:D010518', 'Disease') :: ['periodontitis']

entities_list: @entity2523 :: ('837', 'Species') :: ['Porphyromonas gingivalis', 'P. gingivalis']

answer: @entity2521 :: (MESH:D010518,Disease) :: ['periodontitis']


abstract: @entity29601 ( @entity29601 ) is a lypophilic alkylating agent that crosses the blood-brain barrier and has shown broad activity in @entity5 models. Five of 12 @entity1 with @entity5 treated with iv AZQ had clinical and/or radiographic improvement (Schold, Neurology 34:615, 1984). Intra-arterial administration of AZQ to @entity1 with @entity1313 should produce higher peak levels of drug in the @entity5 and should reduce systemic @entity137 . Twenty-one @entity1 with @entity816 (grade II, four; grade III, 11; and grade IV, six), in all of whom irradiation and intra-arterial @entity3600 chemotherapy failed, received intra-arterial AZQ as a single dose every 28 days. Two of 20 evaluable @entity1 experienced partial responses of 5 and 8+ months, respectively. Four @entity1 had disease stabilization of 3, 4, 5, and 8 months' duration, respectively, and one of these @entity1 had @entity5 shrinkage (partial response) after seven courses of AZQ. The initial dose in the first three @entity1 was 10 mg/m2, and doses in subsequent groups of three @entity1 were begun at increases of 5 mg/m2. The within-group dose escalation was 5 mg/m2 per course if there was no hematologic @entity137 . Dose-limiting @entity137 was myelosuppression, which occurred at doses greater than 15 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose was 25 mg/m2. Intra-arterial AZQ appears to be of marginal effectiveness in @entity1 refractory to carmustine and offers no advantage over iv AZQ in efficacy or @entity137 .

title: Phase I-II evaluation of intra-arterial XXXX for recurrent malignant @entity816 .

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

entities_list: @entity1313 :: ('MESH:D001932', 'Disease') :: ['brain tumors']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'malignant astrocytoma', 'animal tumor']

entities_list: @entity29601 :: ('MESH:C029108', 'Chemical') :: ['AZQ', 'Diaziquone']

entities_list: @entity3600 :: ('MESH:D002330', 'Chemical') :: ['carmustine']

entities_list: @entity816 :: ('MESH:D001254', 'Disease') :: ['astrocytoma']

answer: @entity29601 :: (MESH:C029108,Chemical) :: ['diaziquone']


abstract: @entity235 , surgically implanted with a chronic @entity11541 , were chronically dosed with @entity33908 (32 mg/kg/day) in four divided doses to attain @entity33908 plasma levels comparable to those observed in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 (60 mg/kg/day). The time course of @entity33908 abstinence was studied, beginning not less than 2 weeks after stabilization levels had been achieved. The abstinence syndrome observed after abrupt discontinuation of @entity33908 was similar to the @entity3175 abstinence syndrome but differed in several important aspects. In @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 , there was a short burst of @entity400 very early in withdrawal (approximately 1-2 hr after the last dose of @entity3175 ) that was not seen in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 . Signs of abstinence such as @entity400 , hot foot walking and twitches and jerks were more frequently observed in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity3175 -dependent @entity235 as were decreases in food and water intake and in body weight. The overall intensity of abstinence, as measured by the @entity3175 Withdrawal Abstinence Scale, was greater in @entity33908 -dependent @entity235 than in @entity235 dependent on either @entity2934 or @entity3175 . Plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 were nearly equal in @entity235 dependent on @entity3175 or on @entity33908 and were 4 to 10 times greater than the plasma levels of @entity3175 or @entity2934 in @entity3175 - or @entity2934 -dependent @entity235 , respectively. Furthermore, the plasma levels of @entity33908 and @entity6720 declined much more slowly than the levels of @entity3175 and @entity2934 . These results suggest that physical @entity734 on @entity3175 is caused by the accumulation and actions of @entity33908 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity33908 physical XXXX in @entity235 .

entities_list: @entity3175 :: ('MESH:D003975', 'Chemical') :: ['Diazepam', 'diazepam']

entities_list: @entity33908 :: ('CHEBI:111762', 'Chemical') :: ['N-desmethyldiazepam']

entities_list: @entity6720 :: ('MESH:D010076', 'Chemical') :: ['oxazepam']

entities_list: @entity11541 :: ('MESH:D005747', 'Disease') :: ['gastric fistula']

entities_list: @entity2934 :: ('MESH:D008140', 'Chemical') :: ['lorazepam']

entities_list: @entity734 :: ('MESH:D019966', 'Disease') :: ['dependence']

answer: @entity734 :: (MESH:D019966,Disease) :: ['dependence']


abstract: The @entity4028 antibiotic (AGA) neomycin is a known agonist of the extracellular @entity460 -sensing receptor (CaR). To test whether other AGA drugs stimulate the CaR, we studied the relative effects of four AGAs on intracellular @entity141 concentration ([ @entity141 ](i)) using CaR-transfected @entity1 embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells. @entity801 , @entity2890 , and @entity5154 evoked dose-dependent increases in [ @entity141 ](i) with EC(50) values of 258, 177, and 43 microM, respectively, in CaR-transfected, but not in non-transfected cells. @entity7913 was ineffective at doses <1mM. Thus, AGAs stimulate the CaR with a rank order of potency that correlates positively with the number of their attached @entity1472 groups. The CaR is expressed on the apical surface of renal proximal tubule cells, which is also the site of AGA endocytosis and nephrotoxicity. In the current study, reducing extracellular pH from 7.4 to 6.9, to mimic the luminal pH of the proximal tubule, enhanced the sensitivity of the CaR to @entity2890 , suggesting that the AGAs may be more potent CaR agonists in the proximal tubule than elsewhere. This pH effect was not observed when stimulating CaR with the non-ionizable agonist, @entity15311 , suggesting that the enhanced AGA effect is due to increased ionization of the drug. Thus, we show that a number of AGA drugs are capable of CaR activation and that their potency most likely relates to the number of their @entity1472 side chains and to their pH-dependent charge characteristics. The contribution of CaR activation to the pharmacological/toxicological effects of these AGAs remains to be determined.

title: XXXX antibiotics induce pH-sensitive activation of the @entity460 -sensing receptor.

entities_list: @entity801 :: ('MESH:D005839', 'Chemical') :: ['Gentamicin']

entities_list: @entity2890 :: ('MESH:D014031', 'Chemical') :: ['tobramycin']

entities_list: @entity7913 :: ('MESH:D007612', 'Chemical') :: ['Kanamycin']

entities_list: @entity5154 :: ('MESH:D009355', 'Chemical') :: ['neomycin']

entities_list: @entity460 :: ('MESH:D002118', 'Chemical') :: ['calcium']

entities_list: @entity4028 :: ('CHEBI:47779', 'Chemical') :: ['aminoglycoside']

answer: @entity4028 :: (CHEBI:47779,Chemical) :: ['Aminoglycoside']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to determine the effect of oral @entity2514 on the development of @entity1507 tolerance in @entity1 with chronic @entity712 . BACKGROUND: Early development of @entity1507 tolerance with either continuous administration of intravenous or topical @entity1507 preparations or frequent dosing of oral @entity3362 leads to significant attenuation of @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic and anti- @entity63 effects. In recent animal experiments, prevention of @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance with a concomitant use of @entity2514 was demonstrated. This finding may have important clinical relevance. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 were randomized to receive either a continuous infusion (24 h) of @entity1242 alone (group I, 14 @entity1 ) or concomitantly with oral @entity2514 (75 mg four times a day [group II, 14 @entity1 ]). The effect of @entity1242 in each group was evaluated by analysis of variance for repeated measures. The power of the analysis to detect a 5.4-mm Hg (20%) change in mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure was 90%. RESULTS: Baseline hemodynamic variables as well as the initial hemodynamic response to @entity1242 were comparable in both groups. Compared with the initial response to @entity1242 , a significant attenuation of effect was found in group I at 24 h in mean (+/- SE) pulmonary artery pressure (27 +/- 4% vs. 10 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure (40 +/- 4% vs. 16 +/- 4%, p < 0.05). In group II, conversely, oral @entity2514 prevented @entity1242 -induced hemodynamic tolerance and resulted in a persistent effect on mean pulmonary artery and wedge pressures throughout the study period (31 +/- 3% vs. 27 +/- 4%, p = 0.13 and 37 +/- 4% vs. 34 +/- 6%, p = 0.40, respectively). In addition, the initial effect on blood pressure was attenuated at 24 h in group I (5 +/- 2% vs. 12 +/- 3%, p < 0.05) but not in group II (15 +/- 3% vs. 17 +/- 2%, p = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity712 due to @entity1002 , the concomitant use of oral @entity2514 prevents early development of @entity1507 tolerance and results in a persistent @entity1507 -mediated hemodynamic effect on @entity358 and left ventricular filling pressures. These data may support the concurrent use of @entity2514 in @entity1 with @entity712 treated with organic @entity3362 .

title: Prevention of tolerance to hemodynamic effects of @entity3362 with concomitant use of @entity2514 in XXXX with @entity712 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'chronic heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic']

entities_list: @entity3362 :: ('MESH:D009566', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrates']

entities_list: @entity1242 :: ('MESH:D005996', 'Chemical') :: ['nitroglycerin']

entities_list: @entity2514 :: ('MESH:D006830', 'Chemical') :: ['hydralazine']

entities_list: @entity1507 :: ('CHEBI:48107', 'Chemical') :: ['nitrate']

entities_list: @entity358 :: ('MESH:D008171', 'Disease') :: ['systemic and pulmonary artery']

entities_list: @entity1002 :: ('MESH:D018487', 'Disease') :: ['left ventricular systolic dysfunction']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['patients']


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity1 with persistently elevated liver enzyme levels, fatigue, lethargy and a 9.0 kg weight loss over six months underwent a percutaneous liver biopsy that demonstrated multiple @entity738 . Screening serologies were positive for @entity3219 , and he was started on @entity2059 treatment. He returned to hospital the same night with coffee-ground emesis and in @entity3935 requiring parenteral @entity230 and intensive care unit support. An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed bilaterally enlarged, nonenhancing adrenal glands suggestive of @entity1188 , presumed secondary to @entity3219 . Treatment was initiated with @entity2379 , and @entity3218 was cultured from his urine and cerebrospinal fluid. A serum immunodiffusion test was also positive for both @entity8108 and M bands, indicating @entity281 with @entity3219 species. His serum and urine samples were also weakly positive for the antigen. Despite complications of @entity177 , @entity55 and @entity712 , he recovered with medical therapy and was discharged home to complete a prolonged course of @entity2059 therapy. While @entity99 often reflect an occult disease process, the cause may remain undiscovered in 30% to 50% of @entity1 despite exhaustive investigations. @entity3218 is an uncommon cause of @entity409 , and with its protean clinical presentation, a high index of suspicion is needed to make the diagnosis and avoid the potentially high fatality rate associated with disseminated @entity281 .

title: A case of @entity3218 causing XXXX and @entity3935 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients', 'man']

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure']

entities_list: @entity3935 :: ('MESH:D013958', 'Disease') :: ['Addisonian crisis']

entities_list: @entity738 :: ('MESH:D006099', 'Disease') :: ['granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2379 :: ('MESH:D000666', 'Chemical') :: ['amphotericin B']

entities_list: @entity55 :: ('MESH:D011014', 'Disease') :: ['pneumonia']

entities_list: @entity409 :: ('MESH:D008107', 'Disease') :: ['granulomatous liver disease']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['active infection', 'infection']

entities_list: @entity177 :: ('MESH:D051437', 'Disease') :: ['renal failure']

entities_list: @entity3218 :: ('5037', 'Species') :: ['Histoplasma capsulatum', 'H capsulatum']

entities_list: @entity3219 :: ('MESH:D006660', 'Disease') :: ['histoplasmosis', 'Histoplasmosis']

entities_list: @entity230 :: ('MESH:D013256', 'Chemical') :: ['steroids']

entities_list: @entity99 :: ('MESH:D056486', 'Disease') :: ['hepatic granulomas']

entities_list: @entity2059 :: ('MESH:D017964', 'Chemical') :: ['itraconazole']

answer: @entity409 :: (MESH:D008107,Disease) :: ['granulomatous liver disease']


abstract: The relationship between @entity251 and @entity167 's effects on social behavior within established groups of squirrel monkeys was studied. Consistent behavioral differences between dominant and subordinate monkeys were quantitatively measured using computer assisted, continuous measurement techniques. Blood samples collected during the mating season revealed plasma @entity251 measures of 202.9 +/- 13.4 ng/ml in dominant monkeys and 28 +/- 6.2 ng/ml in subordinate monkeys. @entity167 (0.1-1.0 g/kg, PO) produced a dose-related decrease of @entity251 levels in dominant monkeys. Concurrently, @entity167 produced biphasic effects on the behavior of dominant but not subordinate monkeys; low doses (0.1, 0.3 g/kg) increased the frequency of threats, grasps, and displacements. Subordinate monkeys were not affected at any dose. During the non-mating season, plasma levels of @entity251 fell to 55.2 +/- 23.7 ng/ml in dominant monkeys and 7.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml in subordinate monkeys. Plasma @entity251 and the social behavior of both dominant and subordinate monkeys were unaffected by @entity167 . These findings provide further evidence of a specific association between @entity167 , @entity251 and aggression in the non- @entity1 primate. High levels of @entity251 that are evident during the mating season of dominant, male squirrel monkeys may activate @entity167 sensitive brain substrates of @entity146 .

title: Androgen dependency of @entity167 effects on XXXX : a seasonal rhythm in high-ranking squirrel monkeys.

entities_list: @entity167 :: ('CHEBI:16236', 'Chemical') :: ['alcohol', 'Alcohol']

entities_list: @entity251 :: ('MESH:D013739', 'Chemical') :: ['testosterone']

entities_list: @entity146 :: ('MESH:D001523', 'Disease') :: ['aggressive behavior']

answer: @entity146 :: (MESH:D001523,Disease) :: ['aggressive behavior']


abstract: We herein report an extremely rare operative case of an isolated extraperitoneal @entity3 of @entity694 . A female @entity1 had undergone a sigmoidectomy for ileus due to sigmoid @entity694 when she was 40 years old. Peritoneal @entity3 , 5 mm in diameter, was on the sigmoid colon mesentery and she was histologically diagnosed as Stage IV. She received @entity1487 -based adjuvant chemotherapy for 24 months. Serum @entity787 increased gradually from 36 months after the operation, and CT scan demonstrated bilateral @entity5 . Bilateral oophorectomy was performed at 44 months after the operation. Serum @entity787 decreased temporarily, but increased again. Serum @entity787 increased in spite of giving UFT/LV, so we changed to mFOLFOX6 therapy. Serum @entity787 decreased until it reached to a normal range after 9 courses, and stopped mFOLFOX6 therapy. Four months later, serum @entity787 increased again and PET-CT demonstrated a 3 cm mass with @entity730 in pelvic, and accumulation of FDP. Serum @entity787 decreased until it reached to a normal range after a resection of extraperitoneal mass. A histological examination of the @entity5 revealed a moderately differentiated @entity694 . She has been well without recurrence 77 months after the first operation.

title: [Successfully resected an isolated extraperitoneal @entity3 of sigmoid XXXX --a case report].

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['ovarium tumors', 'tumor']

entities_list: @entity730 :: ('MESH:D002114', 'Disease') :: ['calcification']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity694 :: ('MESH:D003110', 'Disease') :: ['adenocarcinoma similar to colon cancer', 'colon cancer']

entities_list: @entity1487 :: ('MESH:D005472', 'Chemical') :: ['fluorouracil']

answer: @entity694 :: (MESH:D003110,Disease) :: ['colon cancer']


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity5445 ( @entity5445 ) and @entity8142 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity6 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity413 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity5445 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity8142 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity8142 expression in the @entity1 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity8142 distribution in the @entity1 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity8142 expression is altered in T2DM @entity1 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity8142 expression throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity8142 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity1 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity8142 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity8142 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity8142 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity1 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity8142 is widely expressed throughout the @entity1 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity8142 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity1 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity413 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic XXXX Receptor Expression in Type 2 @entity6 @entity1 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['human', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

entities_list: @entity5445 :: ('2641', 'Gene') :: ['Glucagon-like peptide-1', 'GLP-1']

answer: @entity5445 :: (2641,Gene) :: ['Glucagon-Like Peptide-1']


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine bio-psycho-social risk factors for @entity600 in a sample of Turkish @entity1 without @entity102 and evaluate their @entity148 and @entity308 in early postpartum period. BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a devastating event with long-term health and social implications. Studies have identified several risk factors; however, the contribution of these causes differs by ethnic groups. DESIGN: This case-control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul over one year. In total, 149 preterm mothers were included in the case group and 150 term mothers who delivered in the same day with a case group @entity1 were included in the control group. @entity102 and anomalies were excluded. METHOD: Data were gathered using a form that addressed risk factors for @entity600 . Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck @entity308 Inventory and Spielberger's State-Trait @entity148 Inventory were administered within 24-72 hours after birth. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that partner's lower education ( <= 8 years), history of @entity600 , antenatal hospitalisation, @entity281 and irregular prenatal care were significant risk factors. Perceived social support from family and friends were significantly lower in preterm group. Preterm mothers experienced significantly more @entity148 and @entity308 in early postpartum. CONCLUSION: Many of the socio-economical and obstetric causes of preterm births were similar to other countries with higher @entity600 rates. Preterm births were associated with lower social support along with more @entity148 and @entity308 in early postpartum. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: @entity1 who have established risk factors can be targeted for more intensive antenatal care for the prevention of @entity600 . Increased maternal @entity148 and @entity308 reveal the necessity of emotional support immediately after birth.

title: Biopsychosocial risk factors for @entity600 and postpartum emotional well-being: a case-control study on Turkish XXXX without @entity102 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'woman', 'Women']

entities_list: @entity308 :: ('MESH:D003866', 'Disease') :: ['Depression', 'depressive symptoms', 'depression']

entities_list: @entity102 :: ('MESH:D002908', 'Disease') :: ['chronic illnesses', 'Chronic illnesses']

entities_list: @entity600 :: ('MESH:D000014', 'Disease') :: ['preterm birth']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['genitourinary infection']

entities_list: @entity148 :: ('MESH:D001008', 'Disease') :: ['Anxiety', 'anxiety']

answer: @entity1 :: (9606,Species) :: ['women']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The early detection of @entity1003 helps guide decisions regarding optimal transfusion management during cardiac surgery. This study aimed to determine whether rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) analysis during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could predict @entity882 and @entity6805 after CPB. METHODS: We analyzed 138 cardiac surgical @entity1 for whom ROTEM tests and conventional laboratory tests were performed simultaneously both during and after CPB. An extrinsically activated ROTEM test (EXTEM), a fibrin-specific ROTEM test (FIBTEM) and PLTEM calculated by subtracting FIBTEM from EXTEM were evaluated. Correlations between clot amplitude at 10 min (A10), maximal clot firmness, platelet count, and @entity2002 concentrations at each time point were calculated. A receiver operating characteristic analysis with area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the thresholds of EXTEM, PLTEM and FIBTEM parameters during CPB and for predicting @entity882 and @entity6805 after weaning of CPB. RESULTS: The A10 on EXTEM, PLTEM, and FIBTEM during CPB showed a good correlation with platelet counts (r = 0.622 on EXTEM and r = 0.637 on PLTEM; P < 0.0001 for each value) and @entity2002 levels (r = 0.780; P < 0.0001) after CPB. A10 on a FIBTEM threshold of 8 mm during the CPB predicted a @entity2002 concentration < 150 mg/dl (AUC = 0.853) after CPB. Additionally, the threshold level of A10 on EXTEM during CPB for predicting platelet counts < 100,000 /  l after CPB was 42 mm (AUC = 0.768). CONCLUSIONS: EXTEM, PLTEM, and FIBTEM parameters during CPB may be useful for predicting @entity882 and @entity6805 after weaning of CPB.

title: Predictive value of rotational thromboelastometry during cardiopulmonary bypass for @entity882 and XXXX after weaning of cardiopulmonary bypass.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity882 :: ('MESH:D013921', 'Disease') :: ['thrombocytopenia']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['coagulopathy']

entities_list: @entity6805 :: ('MESH:C531603', 'Disease') :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']

answer: @entity6805 :: (MESH:C531603,Disease) :: ['hypofibrinogenemia']


abstract: Malnutrition modifies resistance to @entity281 by impairing a number of physiological processes including hematopoesis and the immune response. In this study, we examined the production of @entity58 ( @entity58 ) and @entity1618 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and also evaluated the cellularity of the blood, bone marrow, and spleen in a @entity19 model of @entity7493 . Two-month-old male Swiss @entity19 were subjected to @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ) with a low-protein diet (4%) as compared to the control diet (20%). When the experimental group lost approximately 20% of their original body weight, the animals from both groups received 1.25 microg of LPS intravenously. The cells in the blood, bone marrow, and spleen were counted, and circulating levels of @entity58 and @entity1618 were evaluated in animals stimulated with LPS. Cells from the spleen, bone marrow, and peritoneal cavity of non-inoculated animals were collected for culture to evaluate the production of @entity58 and @entity1618 after stimulating these cells with 1.25 microg of LPS in vitro. Malnourished animals presented @entity1210 and a severe reduction in bone marrow, spleen, and peritoneal cavity cellularity before and after stimulus with LPS. The circulating levels of @entity1618 were increased in malnourished animals inoculated with LPS when compared to control animals, although the levels of @entity58 did not differ. In cells cultured with LPS, we observed high levels of @entity1618 in the bone marrow cells of malnourished animals. These findings suggest that malnourished @entity19 present a deficient immune response to LPS. These alterations may be partly responsible for the @entity465 observed in these malnourished @entity19 .

title: @entity7493 modifies the production of XXXX in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a @entity19 model.

entities_list: @entity7493 :: ('MESH:D011502', 'Disease') :: ['protein-energy malnutrition', 'PEM']

entities_list: @entity281 :: ('MESH:D007239', 'Disease') :: ['infection']

entities_list: @entity465 :: ('MESH:D007153', 'Disease') :: ['immunodeficiency']

entities_list: @entity1210 :: ('MESH:C536227', 'Disease') :: ['leucopenia']

answer: @entity1618 :: (16153(Tax:10090),Gene) :: ['interleukin-10']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) induced cardioprotection has been reported to be blunted in hyperlipidemic subjects. @entity935 , via its D2 receptor signaling, appears to mimic the signaling cascade involved in myocardial preconditioning and is also involved in the inhibition of @entity407 induced mediators. The present study was designed to investigate the possible involvement of D2 receptors in IPC and to see whether @entity935 preconditioning can offer cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity35 hearts. METHODS: @entity35 albino @entity35 were divided into 8 groups and fed on normal or high fat diet for 4  weeks. @entity407 was confirmed after 4  weeks by serum lipid estimations. Isolated perfused hearts were subjected to @entity63 preconditioning or @entity935 induced pharmacological preconditioning followed by 30-min @entity63 insult and 60-min reperfusion. @entity1088 was administered as D2 antagonist. Coronary perfusate (basal and post- @entity63 ) was collected for the estimations of LDH ( @entity880 dehydrogenase) and CKMB ( @entity908 kinase MB). Hearts were then removed and frozen for @entity1188 size measurement. RESULTS: A significant increase body weight, serum lipids except HDL was noted in high fat diet fed @entity35 , as compared to normal @entity35 . The level of LDH, CKMB in coronary effluent and @entity1188 size were found to be decreased in preconditioned normal hearts, as compared to hearts treated with @entity63 reperfusion. This effect was found to be blunted in hyperlipidemic animals. @entity935 (10   M) alone and in combination with @entity63 preconditioning significantly reduced the levels of LDH, CKMB and @entity1188 size in hyperlipidemic hearts, as compared to preconditioned and non-preconditioned hyperlipidemic hearts. This effect was abolished significantly by @entity1088 (D2 antagonist). CONCLUSION: The present study reveals possible involvement of D2 receptors in @entity63 preconditioning and suggests that @entity935 preconditioning may offer significant cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity35 hearts.

title: Preconditioning offers cardioprotection in hyperlipidemic @entity35 hearts: possible role of XXXX (D2) signaling.

entities_list: @entity407 :: ('MESH:D006949', 'Disease') :: ['Hyperlipidemia', 'hyperlipidemia']

entities_list: @entity1088 :: ('MESH:D003024', 'Chemical') :: ['Clozapine']

entities_list: @entity63 :: ('MESH:D007511', 'Disease') :: ['ischemic', 'ischemia']

entities_list: @entity935 :: ('MESH:D004298', 'Chemical') :: ['dopamine', 'Dopamine']

entities_list: @entity908 :: ('MESH:D003401', 'Chemical') :: ['Creatine']

entities_list: @entity880 :: ('MESH:D019344', 'Chemical') :: ['Lactate']

answer: @entity935 :: (MESH:D004298,Chemical) :: ['Dopamine']


abstract: This article explores how myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) may relate to @entity85 ( @entity85 ) in the workplace and what might be done about it. The cause of much @entity85 and @entity158 is often enigmatic to modern medicine and very costly, just as the cause of MTrPs has been elusive for the past century, despite an extensive literature that is confusing because of restricted regional approaches and a seemingly endless variety of names. MTrPs are activated by acute or persistent @entity121 , which is characteristic of @entity85 in the workplace. MTrPs can involve any, and sometimes many, of the skeletal muscles in the body and are a major, complex cause of @entity4512 . The clinical and etiological characteristics of MTrPs have been underexplored by investigators, leading to undertraining of health care professionals, underappreciation of their clinical importance. MTrPs have no gold standard diagnostic criterion, and no routinely available laboratory or imaging test. MTrPs require a specific non-routine examination and muscle-specific treatment for prompt relief when acute, and also resolution of perpetuating factors when chronic. After identifying a critical false assumption, electrodiagnostic studies are now making encouraging progress toward clarifying the etiology of MTrPs based on the 5- or 6-step positive-feedback model of the integrated hypothesis. Specific research needs are noted. MTrPs are treatable and they deserve increased attention and consideration by research investigators and clinicians.

title: Review of enigmatic MTrPs as a common cause of XXXX and dysfunction.

entities_list: @entity4512 :: ('MESH:D059352', 'Disease') :: ['musculoskeletal pain']

entities_list: @entity85 :: ('MESH:D009140', 'Disease') :: ['MSD', 'musculoskeletal dysfunction']

entities_list: @entity121 :: ('MESH:D009135', 'Disease') :: ['muscle overload']

answer: @entity4512 :: (MESH:D059352,Disease) :: ['enigmatic musculoskeletal pain']


abstract: The authors describe a case of @entity4177 in a 15-month-old male and discuss the differential diagnosis and electron microscopic features of small round cell @entity5 . The @entity1 was found to have an enlarged liver and was admitted to the hospital for further investigation. Fine-needle aspiration of the liver revealed small. uniform cells with increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio and focal rosette formation. A diagnosis of small blue cell @entity5 favoring @entity4177 was made, but @entity521 could not be ruled out. Electron microscopic analysis performed on the liver aspirate showed features of hepatic differentiation as well as absence of neuroblastic differentiation. The diagnosis of @entity4177 was made. Serum @entity160 level of 33,250 mg/L confirmed the diagnosis. Liver biopsy performed subsequently showed @entity5 cells arranged in nests, acini, and trabeculae with mitotic figures. Electron microscopy showed the same findings as described above. The @entity1 underwent chemotherapy for 4 months and subsequently a partial liver resection was performed. This case illustrates the important role of electron microscopy in evaluating small round cell @entity5 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX in a 15-month-old male: cytomorphology, electron microscopy, and differential diagnosis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors', 'neoplasm']

entities_list: @entity160 :: ('174', 'Gene') :: ['alpha-fetoprotein']

entities_list: @entity521 :: ('MESH:D009447', 'Disease') :: ['neuroblastoma']

entities_list: @entity4177 :: ('MESH:D018197', 'Disease') :: ['hepatoblastoma']

answer: @entity4177 :: (MESH:D018197,Disease) :: ['Hepatoblastoma']


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pyogenic infections of the lumbar spine are a rare but critical pathology, yet with considerably high mortality rates. In cases indicating surgical therapy, the implantation of @entity702 cages or autologous bone grafts represent today's gold standard. Although non-metallic implants such as @entity12316 ( @entity12316 ) have proven to be advantageous in diverse degenerative conditions, their saftey and practicability in lumbar spine infection remains questionable. Moreover, the efficacy of a single-step radical debridement of the infected disc space with subsequent fusion from a strictly posterior approach continues to be an issue of debate. We therefore sought to evaluate the feasibility, clinical and radiological outcome of a single-step TLIF procedure using oblique @entity12316 cages in the surgical management of @entity1 with lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 . METHODS: From January 2009 through December 2013, all @entity1 meeting the indication for surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 were included. @entity1 demonstrating intact cortical bone on preoperative CT received a single-step radical debridement of the infected intervertebral disc space, posterior screw-and-rod instrumentation and implantation of an oblique @entity12316 cage using the TLIF technique. Oral antibiotics were continued for 12  weeks postoperatively and clinical and radiological results recorded throughout a minimum 1-year clinical follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity1 were admitted to receive surgical therapy for lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 . Within this @entity1 population, 18 @entity1 met the diagnostic criteria to receive the implantation of an oblique @entity12316 cage. Pathogens were detected in 13 cases with Staph. aureus being the predominant causative organism. All @entity1 were discharged to recover in their domestic environment. Throughout the first year  of clinical and radiological follow-up and beyond, none of the 18 @entity1 demonstrated any signs of @entity51 or recurrent infection. Furthermore, two-plane conventional X-rays showed no significant implant subsidence or failure at any of the given time-points in up to 5 years postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 meeting the criteria for surgical treatment of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 , the implantation of @entity12316 cages using a single-step TLIF approach is a safe and feasible procedure. Based on our experience, the concern of a recurrent infection when implanting non-metallic cages may be refuted in carefully selected @entity1 .

title: Single-stage debridement and spinal fusion using XXXX cages through a posterior approach for eradication of lumbar pyogenic @entity1512 : a safe treatment strategy for a detrimental condition.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['Patients', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity1512 :: ('MESH:D015299', 'Disease') :: ['spondylodiscitis']

entities_list: @entity51 :: ('MESH:D009461', 'Disease') :: ['residual neurologic deficits']

entities_list: @entity12316 :: ('MESH:C063834', 'Chemical') :: ['PEEK', 'poly-ether-ether-ketone']

entities_list: @entity702 :: ('MESH:D014025', 'Chemical') :: ['titanium']

answer: @entity12316 :: (MESH:C063834,Chemical) :: ['PEEK']


abstract: Adjuvant therapy following surgery has been mainstream in surgical adjuvant therapy for the @entity1 with @entity418 in Japan. In western countries, neoadjuvant therapy has become popular in which surgery is performed depending on the effects of preoperative treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers the advantage of downstaging the @entity5 and enhancing resectability and the potential advantage of assessing the response to preoperative chemotherapy directly in the @entity5 . Disadvantages include possible emergence of chemotherapy-resistant @entity5 cells, as well as the delay in @entity5 control and postoperative morbidity. In the phase II studies, most regimens have included CDDP/ @entity1487 . Pathological CR rates have been less than 10% and median survival terms from eight to 28 months. The rationale for the concurrent use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is to combine an agent that has an effect upon systemic micrometastases with a modality that enhances @entity5 control. In addition, a number of chemotherapeutic agents have radiosensitizing effects. The majority of trials have employed CDDP/ @entity1487 combined with RT for a total dose of 30 Gy. Pathological CR rates were from 20 to 40% and median survival terms from 12 to 29 months. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor chemoradiotherapy increased operative morbidity mortality, and there was a statistically significant increase in survival in complete responders. However, though the early and median survival was improved, the cure rate was not. Both therapies remain investigational.

title: [Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'achieving effective local tumor', 'primary tumor', 'local tumor']

entities_list: @entity418 :: ('MESH:D004938', 'Disease') :: ['esophageal cancer']

answer: @entity418 :: (MESH:D004938,Disease) :: ['esophageal cancer']


abstract: Mechanical means tend to be used more frequently nowadays for the treatment of @entity712 which does not respond to more normal treatment. The indications and limits of such devices, as well as their cost, must be defined. The new problem created by these therapeutic tools is the evolution of the underlying @entity299 : should it improve the @entity1 will be weaned from the machine, whereas if it worsens heart transplantation would be the only answer. Three types of mechanical support are described. Balloon pumping, and especially intra-aortic balloon pumping, is the technique used most often. It has a true but limited efficacy. Its best indication is @entity1455 by left ventricular ischaemia with normal or slightly increased peripheral resistances. Intrapulmonary balloon pumping is occasionally used, but the system can only be set up surgically. Its best indication would seem to be right-sided @entity712 by @entity120 . Circulatory assistance is the second type considered. All types of bypass pumps can be used. The output used is usually less than the @entity1 's theoretical output, the aim being to allow the myocardium to recover. Vascular access for these pumps is either femoral or intrathoracic. An oxygenator may or may not be added to the bypass circuit, and support may be mono- or biventricular. Although the non pulsatile flow has not been shown to be detrimental, this has to be investigated further. The use of these devices is limited by their effects on @entity1003 and pulmonary function. The artificial heart or artificial ventricles are the last devices described.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Mechanical methods of treating XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity712 :: ('MESH:D006333', 'Disease') :: ['congestive heart failure', 'heart failure']

entities_list: @entity120 :: ('MESH:D006976', 'Disease') :: ['pulmonary hypertension']

entities_list: @entity1003 :: ('MESH:D001778', 'Disease') :: ['blood coagulation']

entities_list: @entity299 :: ('MESH:D006331', 'Disease') :: ['cardiac disease']

entities_list: @entity1455 :: ('MESH:D012770', 'Disease') :: ['cardiogenic shock']

answer: @entity712 :: (MESH:D006333,Disease) :: ['refractory cardiac failure']


abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term physiologic and oncologic outcomes of treatment for inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity715 in @entity1 with malignant @entity5 are unclear. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of @entity1 with @entity715 treated at our institution between January 1996 and December 2011. Extent of @entity5 @entity715 was classified using the Hinman system. Disease stage, management, and oncologic and physiologic outcomes and complications were evaluated. RESULTS: We identified 15 @entity1 (median age, 4.7years): 12 with @entity3969 , 2 with @entity4177 , and 1 with @entity1636 . Neoadjuvant chemotherapy changed Hinman levels in 2 (13%) @entity1 . IVC @entity715 resection was complete in 6 (40%) @entity1 , partial in 7 (47%) @entity1 , and not performed in 1 (6.7%) @entity1 . On follow-up imaging, 8 (53%) @entity1 ' IVCs were patent, 6 (40%) had residual @entity715 , and 1 (6.7%) was surgically interrupted. Three (20%) @entity1 had perioperative complications, and 2 (13%) experienced transient effects related to @entity432 . CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management of @entity5 @entity715 in the vena cava of @entity1 with solid @entity5 is challenging. Evidence on which to base strong treatment recommendations is lacking. Few long-term physiologic complications were observed.

title: Long-term physiologic and oncologic outcomes of XXXX in @entity5 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['children', 'patients', 'patient']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'abdominal tumors']

entities_list: @entity1636 :: ('MESH:D018268', 'Disease') :: ['adrenocortical carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity432 :: ('MESH:D001157', 'Disease') :: ['IVC occlusion']

entities_list: @entity3969 :: ('MESH:D009396', 'Disease') :: ['Wilms tumor']

entities_list: @entity715 :: ('MESH:D013927', 'Disease') :: ['malignant IVC tumor thrombosis', 'thrombus', 'thrombosis']

answer: @entity715 :: (MESH:D013927,Disease) :: ['inferior vena cava thrombosis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical features and management of intractable deep-seated @entity1415 . METHODS: Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively in 195 @entity1 with intractable deep-seated @entity1415 treated in Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao College between June 2008 and June 2014. The analyses included common risk factors, @entity548 sites, treatments and therapeutic effects. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: There were 162 males and 33 females, aged from 15 to 88 years old (mean 52    16 years). One hundred and eighty-seven cases (95.9%) were unilateral and 8 cases (4.1%) were bilateral. One hundred and twenty-six cases (64.6%) had the history of @entity101 or blood pressure higher than normal on admission. Eight @entity1 were cured by nasal packing and appropriate drugs, and 187 @entity1 were treated by endoscopy and electrocoagulation. The numbers of treatment needed to stop @entity548 were 1 time in 184 cases (98.4%), 2 times in 3 cases (1.6%). Thirteen cases did not have certain @entity548 point, while the other 174 had certain one or more @entity548 sites. The rewarded @entity548 sites were 222, which were found in the following different sites: posterior inferior nasal meatus (33.3%, 74 /222), olfactory cleft of nasal septum (26.6%, 59/222), the root of the middle turbinate (14.0%, 31/222), and so on. @entity101 and @entity6 were risk factors (OR value was 3.411, 7.142, both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intractable deep-seated @entity1415 are mainly found in males and are almost unilatera1. @entity101 and @entity6 are the common risk factor. The most effective and safe treatment for intractable deep-seated @entity1415 is electrocoagulation under nasal endoscopy.

title: [Clinical analyses of @entity1 with intractable XXXX originated from deep-seated nasal cavity].

entities_list: @entity101 :: ('MESH:D006973', 'Disease') :: ['hypertension', 'Hypertension']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetes']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['bleeding']

entities_list: @entity1415 :: ('MESH:D004844', 'Disease') :: ['epistaxis']

answer: @entity1415 :: (MESH:D004844,Disease) :: ['epistaxis']


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and nature of @entity2122 in @entity1 with @entity1614 and to investigate the relationship between @entity2122 and @entity27 ( @entity27 ) severity in these @entity1 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity1614 clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital. @entity1 : Fifteen consecutive adult @entity1 (7 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ; mean [+/- SD] age, 34.8 +/- 13.2 years) who had @entity1614 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Apneic status was determined from standard overnight polysomnography testing. Measurements from standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared to normative data. Thirteen @entity1 had @entity27 , which was defined as an @entity386 / @entity387 index (AHI) of > 5 episodes per hour (mean AHI, 22 +/- 15 episodes per hour). A high prevalence of @entity2122 was found with significant gender differences for some of the variables. Significant abnormalities for the entire group were bimaxillary retrusion, a reduced maxillary length, an increased total anterior face height, a long lower anterior face height, an obtuse gonial angle, a steep mandibular plane, a reduced posterior nasal airway height, a reduced posterior airway space, and an increased distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations among the total anterior face height, the upper anterior and posterior face heights, the mandibular length, and AHI. There was a significant correlation between the rank of the number of @entity854 per @entity1 and AHI in those @entity1 with @entity27 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2122 are common in @entity1 with @entity1614 . The relationship between some cephalometric parameters and @entity386 severity suggests a potential role of craniofacial structure in the pathogenesis of @entity27 in these @entity1 .

title: Relationship between XXXX and sleep-disordered @entity1614 .

entities_list: @entity2122 :: ('MESH:D019465', 'Disease') :: ['Craniofacial abnormalities', 'craniofacial abnormalities']

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity387 :: ('MESH:D012891', 'Disease') :: ['hypopnea']

entities_list: @entity1614 :: ('MESH:D008382', 'Disease') :: ["Marfan's syndrome"]

entities_list: @entity27 :: ('MESH:D020181', 'Disease') :: ['obstructive sleep apnea', 'OSA']

entities_list: @entity854 :: ('MESH:D018376', 'Disease') :: ['cephalometric abnormalities']

answer: @entity2122 :: (MESH:D019465,Disease) :: ['craniofacial abnormalities']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medically unexplained symptoms (MUSs) are a humanitarian and economic burden. Among them, @entity158 complaints without organic pathology are the most prevalent. Theoretically, activated illness-related memory may cause reporting of symptoms by changing perception and interpretation of bodily signals to the extent that they are not tolerated and become complaints. We tested whether activating illness-related memory without conscious awareness leads to @entity158 (PT). METHODS: Activation of illness-related memory without conscious awareness was manipulated by a subliminal priming technique. Eighty @entity1 were randomly assigned to four conditions, with prime words describing either (a) health complaints (HCs), to activate an illness-related memory, or three control categories: (b) neutral content, (c) general bodily sensations, and (d) negative valence. The latter two conditions were added to test the alternative hypotheses that reduced PT could be observed with the semantic activation of these two components of HCs. We measured PT using a cold pressor task. RESULTS: @entity1 who were subliminally primed with HC words reported lower PT compared with @entity1 who were primed with neutral words. Priming with the other words did not lead to significantly different effects relative to priming with neutral words. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that PT can be involuntarily decreased by activating illness-related memory. This implies partial evidence for a crucial element of a cognitive model of medically unexplained symptoms, which holds that chronically activated illness-related memory causes the development of somatic complaints without observable bodily pathology.

title: Decreasing XXXX tolerance outside of awareness.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['participants', 'Participants']

entities_list: @entity158 :: ('MESH:D010146', 'Disease') :: ['pain', 'decreased pain tolerance']

answer: @entity158 :: (MESH:D010146,Disease) :: ['pain']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Obesity has been shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis for @entity1 with primary @entity0 . The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of @entity28 on Chinese @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of 1699 @entity0 @entity1 . We evaluated the effect of body mass index (BMI) on disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in these @entity1 . BMI was obtained before surgery. Obesity was defined as a BMI >=  24. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Log rank test were employed to perform survival analysis. The impact of different characteristics on survival was assessed by using Cox proportional-hazards regression model. RESULTS: In total 635 (37.4%) @entity1 were @entity28 , while 1 064 (62.6%) were @entity28 . Comparing the @entity5 characteristics in the two groups, the BMI >=  24 group showed a higher rate of older age (P < 0.001), postmenopausal status (P < 0.001), increased risk of lymph node @entity3 (P = 0.001) and less chances of accepting breast conservation surgery (P = 0.012). The median follow-up time was 16 months, and the estimated 16-months DFS was 98.1% for @entity28 and 95.0% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.007), the estimated 16-months @entity1349 was 99.4% for @entity28 and 98.4% for @entity28 @entity1 (P = 0.004). The multivariate analysis indicated that @entity28 is an independent prognostic factor for @entity1349 and DFS in @entity0 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that @entity28 is associated with a poorer outcome in Chinese female @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: [Effect of body mass index on disease-free and @entity1349 in Chinese @entity1 with XXXX ].

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'patients']

entities_list: @entity0 :: ('MESH:D001943', 'Disease') :: ['breast cancer']

entities_list: @entity28 :: ('MESH:D009765', 'Disease') :: ['non-obese', 'obese', 'obesity']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastasis']

entities_list: @entity1349 :: ('MESH:D011475', 'Disease') :: ['OS', 'overall survival']

answer: @entity0 :: (MESH:D001943,Disease) :: ['breast cancer']


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Once classic treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy have been exhausted, only few therapeutic options remain for extensive @entity1489 or cutaneous @entity3 . In such cases, electrochemotherapy may be considered as alternative therapy. @entity1 AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, clinical features, treatment response, and adverse effects were evaluated in 56 @entity1 treated with electrochemotherapy at six German dermatology departments. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 cohort (14 @entity1 , 42 @entity1 ) was 69.3 years. Included were 20 @entity1 with skin metastasis of advanced @entity320 , 13 @entity1 with @entity0 @entity3 , 15 @entity1 with primary @entity957 or cutaneous @entity3 of other @entity189 types, and 8 @entity1 with @entity706 or @entity242 . The overall response rate was 44.6% (10.7% complete response; 33.9% partial response). By contrast, 31 (55.4%) @entity1 did not respond (12.5% had stable disease; 42.9%, @entity5 progression). @entity1 with @entity320 and @entity706 or @entity242 responded significantly better than those with @entity189 . Roughly one quarter of @entity1 showed an improvement in @entity5 -related exudation, fetor, and @entity548 . CONCLUSION: Showing only few adverse effects, electrochemotherapy was effective in about one half of the @entity1 with advanced @entity5 . Treatment response appears to depend on the @entity5 entity.

title: Electrochemotherapy in advanced @entity1489 and cutaneous XXXX - a retrospective multicenter analysis.

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['women', 'Patients', 'patients', 'patient', 'PATIENTS', 'men']

entities_list: @entity706 :: ('MESH:D008223', 'Disease') :: ['cutaneous lymphoma']

entities_list: @entity5 :: ('MESH:D009369', 'Disease') :: ['tumor', 'tumors']

entities_list: @entity1489 :: ('MESH:D012878', 'Disease') :: ['skin tumors']

entities_list: @entity957 :: ('MESH:D002294', 'Disease') :: ['squamous cell carcinoma of the skin']

entities_list: @entity548 :: ('MESH:D006470', 'Disease') :: ['chronic bleeding']

entities_list: @entity189 :: ('MESH:D002277', 'Disease') :: ['carcinoma']

entities_list: @entity3 :: ('MESH:D009362', 'Disease') :: ['metastases']

entities_list: @entity320 :: ('MESH:D008545', 'Disease') :: ['melanoma', 'malignant melanoma']

answer: @entity3 :: (MESH:D009362,Disease) :: ['metastases']


abstract: The prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy is complicated by "protocol dependencies" in dose-effect and dose- @entity137 relationships. It has been proposed that pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic mathematical models may allow characterization of chemotherapeutic protocol dependencies, and may facilitate the prediction of chemotherapeutic efficacy; however, few demonstrations exist in the literature. The present study examines the pharmacokinetics and toxicodynamics of @entity1499 ( @entity1500 ), a commonly used anticancer agent, after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration to @entity19 . @entity1500 was administered via bolus or infusion (24, 72, and 168 h), at doses of 2.5-1000 mg/kg. @entity1500 plasma and peritoneal pharmacokinetics were characterized through standard noncompartmental and compartmental techniques. Body weight loss was used as a measure of @entity1500 -induced @entity137 . We found that @entity1500 pharmacokinetics were independent of dose (over a range of 3-600 mg/kg) and independent of dosing mode (i.e., i.p. bolus vs. i.p. infusion). However, @entity1500 -induced @entity137 was shown to be highly dependent on the dosing protocol used. For example, the maximally tolerated dose (i.e., the dose related to a mean body weight loss of 10%) was 200-fold greater after bolus administration relative to that observed for 72-h infusion (760 mg/kg vs. 3.8 mg/kg). This profound protocol dependence in the relationship between @entity1500 -induced @entity137 and @entity1500 exposure was characterized through the use of a time-dissociated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model (median prediction error: 3.9%).

title: Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of @entity1499 -induced @entity137 in XXXX .

entities_list: @entity1499 :: ('MESH:D008727', 'Chemical') :: ['methotrexate']

entities_list: @entity137 :: ('MESH:D064420', 'Disease') :: ['toxicity']

answer: @entity19 :: (10090,Species) :: ['mice']


abstract: Renal involvement in @entity1252 ( @entity1252 ) is usually immune complex mediated and may have multiple different presentations. Pauci-immune @entity39 and crescentic @entity631 (NCGN) refers to extensive @entity8 with few or no immune deposits that may result in rapid decline in renal function. We report a case of a 79-year-old Hispanic male with a history of secondary @entity8 (diagnosed by renal biopsy 15 years previously) who was admitted with @entity810 and active urinary sediment. P-ANCA titers and anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies were positive. The renal biopsy was diagnostic for NCGN superimposed on a secondary @entity8 . A previous diagnosis of @entity1252 based on American College of Rheumatology criteria was discovered via Veteran's Administration records review after the completion of treatment for pauci-immune NCGN. ANCAs are detected in 20-31% of @entity1 with @entity1252 . There may be an association between @entity1252 and ANCA seropositivity. In @entity1 with @entity1988 and biopsy findings of @entity39 and crescentic @entity631 , without significant immune complex deposition, ANCA testing should be performed. In @entity1 with secondary @entity8 @entity1252 should be excluded.

title: @entity39 and XXXX with @entity1988 , Fifteen Years after Initial Diagnosis of @entity8 .

entities_list: @entity1 :: ('9606', 'Species') :: ['patients']

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['membranous nephropathy', 'glomerular inflammation']

entities_list: @entity39 :: ('MESH:D009336', 'Disease') :: ['necrotizing']

entities_list: @entity1252 :: ('MESH:D008180', 'Disease') :: ['SLE', 'systemic lupus erythematosus']

entities_list: @entity1988 :: ('MESH:D008181', 'Disease') :: ['lupus nephritis']

entities_list: @entity810 :: ('MESH:D058186', 'Disease') :: ['acute kidney injury']

entities_list: @entity631 :: ('MESH:D005921', 'Disease') :: ['glomerulonephritis']

answer: @entity631 :: (MESH:D005921,Disease) :: ['Crescentic Glomerulonephritis']


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between histone acetylation modification in spleen @entity1961 (+)T cells and @entity2316 . METHODS: Non-obese @entity6 (NOD) @entity19 were randomly divided into 4 groups and random blood @entity413 at 12, 18, 24 and 30 weeks were detected. Urinary albumin and @entity1011 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The global acetylation levels of H3 and H4 in @entity1961 (+)T cells were measured by H3/H4 acetylation kit. The relevant mRNA expression level of histone acetylation modification enzymes was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the altered expression genes verified by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with @entity19 from 12 weeks, there were significant increases in blood @entity413 levels and urinary albumin/ @entity1011 ratio (ACR) from 24 and 30 weeks ( @entity413 : (18.1    6.3) and (20.7    7.5) vs (7.2    3.1)mmol/L, ACR: (4.04    1.54) and (8.11    1.77) vs (2.12    0.56)mg/g). Conversely, the global acetylation levels of H3 (0.068    0.023 and 0.043    0.017 vs 0.127    0.036) and H4 (0.058    0.022 and 0.041    0.019 vs 0.082    0.032) in spleen @entity1961 (+)T cells from 24 and 30 weeks were obviously lower. The mRNA levels of such histone acetylases as P300 (15.53    6.31 and 13.76    3.62 vs 22.94    7.40) and @entity71852 ( @entity71852 ) (3.21    0.81 and 2.74    0.36 vs 5.31    0.73) declined while the protein and mRNA of @entity35594 ( @entity35594 ) significantly increased from 24 and 30 weeks. All the above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of H3 (r = -0.590, P = 0.043) and H4 (r = -0.702, P = 0.011) were negatively correlated with urinary ACR while @entity35594 level was positively correlated with urinary ACR from 24 and 30 weeks (r = 0.673, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: With aging and progression of @entity8 in NOD @entity19 , the global acetylation levels of H3 and H4 decrease while the expression level of @entity35594 increases in spleen @entity1961 (+)T cell. And altered @entity35594 expression in spleen @entity1961 (+)T cells is closely correlated with @entity8 in NOD @entity19 .

title: [Relationship between histone acetylation modification in spleen @entity1961 (+)T cells and XXXX of nonobese @entity6 @entity19 ].

entities_list: @entity8 :: ('MESH:D007674', 'Disease') :: ['nephropathy', 'kidney damage']

entities_list: @entity6 :: ('MESH:D003920', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic']

entities_list: @entity2316 :: ('MESH:D003928', 'Disease') :: ['diabetic nephropathy']

entities_list: @entity1011 :: ('MESH:D003404', 'Chemical') :: ['creatinine']

entities_list: @entity413 :: ('MESH:D005947', 'Chemical') :: ['glucose']

answer: @entity2316 :: (MESH:D003928,Disease) :: ['diabetic nephropathy']